Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont

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The Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont,including the island of Sardinia and parts of northern Italy, was established in 1720. It managed to stay independent of France and Spain, two imperialistic powers. In 1801 Napoleon annexed it to France, but when Napoleon was defeated,in 1815,it became independent once more. In 1848, King Charles Albert granted the country a constitution. However, that same year, he was defeated by the Austrians and forced to abdictate in favor of his son Victor Emmanuel. Twelve years later, Sardinia-Piedmont united with central Italy, and in 1861 Giuseppe Garibaldi added southern Italy, making it a united country under King Victor Emmanuel II.

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