Manchester

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Manchester is a major industrial city in the North West of England, in the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester, and formerly a part of Lancashire. It is the third largest city in England after London and Birmingham. It was formerly an important inland port, served by the Manchester Ship Canal beside the River Mersey.

History

Originally a Roman military settlement named Mamcumium, and later of a tenth century burh (Anglo-Saxon fortified place), Manchester was of only regional importance until the Industrial Revolution, when it became a major centre of the cotton industry and renowned as a "shock city", a place where new urban and social developments were undertaken. Manchester and its environs saw the first large-scale application of factory technology and organisation; Manchester was the first city to experience full-scale suburbanisation; it was (with Liverpool) the first city to have a fully locomotive-hauled public railway, in 1830. It also experienced in full measure the negative aspects of this headlong rush to modernise and urbanise in its terrible slums, described in a dramtic piece of reportage by Friedrich Engels, The Condition of the Working Class in England (1844-45; first published in English 1892). In recent years the city centre has seen large scale renovation, including that of a quarter damaged by an IRA terrorist bomb in 1996. The city is home to the University of Manchester and Manchester Metropolitan University.

Culture

Manchester has a number of major museums and is also home to the John Rylands Library, now part of the University of Manchester, which has in its collection the earliest fragment of the New Testament known to exist.

A number of significant bands have come from Manchester, including:

Sport

  • Lancashire County Cricket Club play many of their matches at Old Trafford, which has also been the venue of many test matches.
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