United States Senate
From Conservapedia
The United States Senate is the upper house of the United States Congress, the lower house being the United States House of Representatives. It is composed of 100 Senators, two from each of the 50 states. The Senate convenes in Washington, D.C.. After the 2006 midterm elections, the Senate is equally divided, with 49 Republicans and 49 Democrats. Independents Bernie Sanders and Joe Lieberman caucus with the Democratic Party, giving Democrats the majority and control of the committees.
As far as voting on individual bills, most votes are not strictly along party lines, and senators from both parties can and do cross lines against what their leadership endorses on different issues. It should also be pointed out that many bills have bipartisan support, meaning that the bill has strong support among both Republicans and Democrats.
Unless rules specify otherwise, the Senate may agree to any question by a majority of Senators voting, if a quorum is present. The Chair puts each question by voice vote unless the "yeas and nays" are requested, in which case a roll call vote occurs.[1]
The Senate is named for the Roman Senate, the governing council of ancient Rome. The Latin word means a council of elders, and derives from the same Latin root as senior.
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Senators
Senators are elected by each of the fifty states. They serve for six-year terms, without term limits. Approximately one-third of the Senate comes up for re-election every two years. Although originally elected by the state legislatures, the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913 gave that power to the citizens. If a Senator resigns or dies in office, that state's Governor appoints a temporary Senator to maintain that state's representation.
The position of President of the Senate is filled by the Vice President of the United States. The Vice President only votes in the case of a tie. The Senate's current Majority Leader is Democrat Harry Reid and the Minority Leader is the Republican Mitch McConnell.[2]
Powers of Senate
In addition to passing legislation, the Senate also has a number of unique and special powers.
- The Senate has the power to try cases of impeachment of federal officials, should such officials be impeached by the House of Representatives. When the President in on trial, such proceedings are overseen by the Chief Justice of the United States. Two notable instances of this were the impeachment proceedings of Presidents Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton. Neither were removed from office.
- The Constitution gives the Senate the power to "advice and consent" appointments made by the President. Major appointments subject to this include heads of Cabinet-level federal departments, Supreme Court justices, U.S. District Court judges, U.S. Attorneys, ambassadors to foreign powers, high-ranking military commands and certain federal agencies such as NASA or the Environmental Protection Agency.
- The Senate ratifies all treaties between the United States and foreign powers.
- If there no majority in the Electoral College, the Senate selects the Vice President while the House selects the President. The Senate has only used this power once: in 1837, when it elected Richard Mentor Johnson Vice President after Virginia's delegates to the Electoral College voted for Martin Van Buren but refused to vote for him, giving him one vote shy of a majority. Under the Twelfth Amendment, the Senate elected Johnson 36 to 16 with three abstentions along sharp party lines.
References
- ↑ http://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/reference/b_three_sections_with_teasers/glossary.htm
- ↑ http://senate.gov/pagelayout/senators/a_three_sections_with_teasers/leadership.htm
