Difference between revisions of "Atheism and obesity"
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Revision as of 05:10, October 21, 2014
According to the Gallup Inc., "Very religious Americans are more likely to practice healthy behaviors than those who are moderately religious or nonreligious."[3]
Gallup declared concerning the study which measured the degree to which religiosity affects health practices: "Generalized linear model analysis was used to estimate marginal scores all five reported metrics after controlling for age (in years), gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, education (number of years), log of income, and region of the country... Results are based on telephone interviews conducted as part of the Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index survey Jan. 2-July 28, 2010, with a random sample of 554,066 adults, aged 18 and older, living in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, selected using random-digit-dial sampling."[4] The Gallup study gives some insight into the above average health habits of the very religious and not necessarily the health habits of atheists. The reason is that the Gallup organization defines a non-religious as a person where "Religion is not an important part of daily life and church/synagogue/mosque attendance occurs seldom or never. This group constitutes 29.7% of the adult population."[5] While many Western atheists are non-religious, not all non-religious people are atheists.
Gallup further declares:
“ | Very religious Americans make healthier choices than their moderately religious and nonreligious counterparts across all four of the Healthy Behavior Index metrics, including smoking, healthy eating, and regular exercise. Smoking is one area of particular differentiation between the very religious and less religious Americans, with the nonreligious 85% more likely to be smokers than those who are very religious.[6] | ” |
Studies on religion and self-control
In the journal article Religion, self-regulation, and self-control: Associations, explanations, and implications, psychologists McCullough and Willoughby theorize that many of the positive links of religiousness with health and social behavior may be caused by religion's beneficial influences on self-control/self-regulation.[7][8] Furthermore, a 2012 Queen's University study published in Psychological Science found that religion replenishes self-control.[9][10] Also, numerous studies indicate that those who engage in regular spiritual practices have lower mortality rates.[11] [12] See also: Atheism and hedonism
Obesity, religion/irreligion, New Atheism and some general causes of obesity
From a medical perspective, an obese person has accumulated enough body fat that it can have a negative effect on their health. If a person's weight is at least 20% higher than it should be, he/she is generally considered obese. If your Body Mass Index (BMI) is between 25 and 29.9 you are considered overweight.[14] If your BMI is 30 or over you are considered obese.[15] The term obese can also used in a more general way to indicate someone who is overweight.[16]
Two of the major risk factors for becoming obese according to the Mayo Clinic are poor dietary choices and inactivity.[17] Most individuals are overweight due to their dietary and exercise habits.[18] See also: Bariatric science
The Bible declares that gluttony and sloth are sins.[19][20] Furthermore, the Bible declares the physical body of Christians to be temples of the Holy Spirit.[21] While there are many atheists who recognize the vast amount of medical data indicating the harmful effects of being overweight, there have been atheists who have engaged in denialism and have very much agreed with the fat acceptance movement (See: Atheism and the fat acceptance movement). Furthermore, atheists have been interviewed by major news outlets and have advocated the fat acceptance movement.[22]
Another example of strongly held religious beliefs affecting behavior in terms of the avoidance of sins and health problems is that religious upbringing and culture affects rates of homosexuality and there are a number of diseases which homosexuals have higher incidences of. For example, homosexuality is rare among Orthodox Jews and even the liberal researcher Alfred Kinsey noted the rarity of homosexuality within the Orthodox Jewish community.[23] Therefore, it is not surprising that many very religious Christians and other religious groups which incorporate healthy beliefs and practices within their religion would leave healthier lives.
Obesity is positively associated with impulsiveness, lower self-discipline and neuroticism.[25] In addition, many people overeat in response to negative emotions such as depression, anger, anxiety and boredom.[26][27][28] In January of 2011, CNN reported: "People unaffiliated with organized religion, atheists and agnostics also report anger toward God either in the past, or anger focused on a hypothetical image - that is, what they imagined God might be like - said lead study author Julie Exline, Case Western Reserve University psychologist."[29] Of course, given the irrationality of atheism, it is not surprising that there are atheists who are angry at God who is morally perfect.[30] A high percentage of the founders and prominent leaders of the militant New Atheism movement have had problems with being overweight and anger may have been a causal factor in some cases (see: New Atheism leadership's problem with excess weight). Certainly anger cannot be ruled in terms of militant atheists, such as New Atheists, having problems with obesity (see: Theories of New Atheism leadership's problem with excess weight).
In addition, Christians have good reasons to believe a hedonist lifestyle is a causal factor of atheism (see: Causes of atheism).[31] The Apostle Paul wrote that in the end times, men would be lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God (2 Timothy 3:1-4). In May of 2012, the World Health Organization reported that "Worldwide obesity has more than doubled since 1980."[32] In 2008, more than 1.4 billion adults, 20 and older, were overweight. Of these, over 200 million men and approximately 300 million women were obese.[33]
Atheism and Health
See also: Atheism and health and Atheism and suicide and Atheism, intelligence and obesity
There is considerable amount of scientific evidence that suggest that theism is more conducive to mental and physical health than atheism [35] (For more information, please see: Atheism and health and Psychology, obesity, religiosity and atheism).
The prestigious Mayo Clinic reported the following on December 11, 2001:
“ | In an article also published in this issue of Mayo Clinic Proceedings, Mayo Clinic researchers reviewed published studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews and subject reviews that examined the association between religious involvement and spirituality and physical health, mental health, health-related quality of life and other health outcomes.
The authors report a majority of the nearly 350 studies of physical health and 850 studies of mental health that have used religious and spiritual variables have found that religious involvement and spirituality are associated with better health outcomes.[36] |
” |
The Iona Institute reported:
“ | A meta-analysis of all studies, both published and unpublished, relating to religious involvement and longevity was carried out in 2000. Forty-two studies were included, involving some 126,000 subjects. Active religious involvement increased the chance of living longer by some 29%, and participation in public religious practices, such as church attendance, increased the chance of living longer by 43%.[37][38] | ” |
Sports involvement: Religious faith vs. atheism
See also: Sports performance: Religious faith vs. atheism and Atheist nerds
As noted above, two of the major risk factors for becoming obese according to the Mayo Clinic are poor dietary choices and inactivity.[40] In order to perform at their best, athletes generally must be active and make good dietary choices.
The Sports Journal is a monthly refereed journal published by the United States Sports Academy. A journal article appeared in the Sports Journal entitled Strength of Religious Faith of Athletes and Nonathletes at Two NCAA Division III Institutions. The article was submitted by Nathan T. Bell, Scott R. Johnson, and Jeffrey C. Petersen from Ball State University.[41]
An excerpt from the abstract of the journal article Strength of Religious Faith of Athletes and Nonathletes at Two NCAA Division III Institutions declares:
“ | Numerous studies report athletes to be more religious than nonathletes (Fischer, 1997; Storch, Kolsky, Silvestri, & Storch, 2001; Storch et al., 2004)...
Viewers of sporting events can frequently observe athletes pointing to the sky, engaging in team prayer on the court or field, and glorifying God following athletic competitions.[42] |
” |
See also: Atheism and bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
Internet atheism and obesity
See also: Internet atheism
In an essay entitled How the Atheist Movement Failed Me, an atheist woman noted that participation in the atheist community is often expensive due to the cost of attending atheist conferences and even local atheist meetings in restaurants and bars challenged her modest budget.[45] As a result of the challenges that atheists commonly have in terms of socializing in person, many atheists turn to the internet in terms of communicating with other atheists.[46]
In 2009, an Australian university study was done concerning the association between leisure time internet and computer use with being overweight/obese and also sedentary.[47] The study concluded: "These findings suggest that, apart from nutritional and physical activity interventions, it may also be necessary to decrease time spent in sedentary behaviors, such as leisure-time Internet and computer use, in order to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity."[48]
In 2013, the prominent atheist PZ Myers declared:
“ | If we're going to expand our base and we're going to draw in more people to recognize the virtues of living in a secular world, we need to appeal to more than just that geek and nerd subset of the population. We need to have a wider base. ...I seriously believe that we're on the cusp of a crisis. We're not there yet but it's looming in front of us. Will we adapt and thrive and change the world? Or will we remain an avocation for a prosperous and largely irrelevant subset of the population? Will we become something more than a scattered society of internet nerds? That's what we have to do.[49] | ” |
Internet nerds are typically less active in sports. As noted above, atheists are not as active in sports as theists. And inactivity is a major risk factor for obesity.
Atheistic geographic areas and obesity
Millennials, irreligion and obesity
See: Millennials, irreligion and obesity
Generation X, irreligion and obesity
See: Generation X, irreligion and obesity
Baby boom generation, irreligion and obesity
See: Baby boom generation, irreligion and obesity
Rapid growth of global Christianity and the health habits of Christendom
See also: Global Christianity and Atheist population and Atheism and health
Christianity is the world's largest religion and it has seen tremendous growth over its 2000 year history.[55] In the last fifty years, Christianity has recently seen explosive growth outside the Western World.[56] In 2000, there were twice as many non-Western Christians as Western Christians.[57] In 2005, there were four times as many non-Western Christians as there were Western World Christians.[58] Of course, a big reason for the explosive growth of Christianity outside the Western world was due to highly religious people propagating the Christian faith and there are now more non-Western missionaries than Western missionaries.[59]
Besides non-Westerners often being less sedentary, non-Western diets are often healthier than the diets Westerners consume and there is significantly less obesity in many non-Western cultures.[60] For example, the traditional African diet is healthier than many Westerners diets and Africa has some of the lowest obesity rates in the world.[61][62] In recent years, Christianity has seen rapid growth in Africa.[63]
Therefore, in recent history Christendom has seen a large influx of very religious people who live healthy lifestyles and have low levels of obesity.
At the same time, many pastors in the Western World are indicating that a large segment of Western Christendom is acting like the prosperous, first century Corinthian and Laodicean churches who were undisciplined, ungodly and had a lukewarm commitment to the Christian faith and were commanded to repent (See also: Western ungodliness, prosperity, decadence and obesity).[64] Yet, as noted above, according to the Gallup Inc., "Very religious Americans are more likely to practice healthy behaviors than those who are moderately religious or nonreligious."[65] The troubled Church of Corinth repented of their ungodliness after being corrected by the Apostle Paul.[66][67]
Many nations with a Christian heritage or who are increasingly adopting Christianity are prosperous due to the contributions that Christianity brings to science, technology, economics and a nation's work ethic (see: Christianity and science and Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism and Atheism and economics).[68]
Commentary by atheist and feminist Jen McCreight
Jen McCreight, is an atheist and feminist columnist and blogger who has served on the Board of Directors of the Secular Student Alliance and she was also the cofounder and three-year president of Society of Non-Theists at Purdue University.[69][70] She wrote an article on atheism and obesity in 2011 where she indicated a desire to "shed a few pounds".[71] In 2011, a video with Jen McCreight was published as part of the We are Atheism campaign. In this video, she was overweight.[72]
Despite the fact that a strong majority of Christendom lives outside the Western World and is slimmer than many atheists in the Western World, Jen McCreight wrote an article on atheism and obesity where she cherry picked some data relative to some states in the United States with higher obesity rates than other states without mentioning the underlying socioeconomic/cultural factors related to this matter.[73] Historically, the Western atheist/evolutionist community has often shown socioeconomic/racial/cultural insensitivity and also displayed hypocrisy relative to this matter (See: Western atheism and race and Social Darwinism and Evolutionary racism and Atheism and uncharitableness). Atheists within racial minority populations and within the female population often complain that there is no significant outreach to their communities within the larger atheist community (see also: Atheism and women).[74][75]
Contents
- 1 Studies on religion and self-control
- 2 Obesity, religion/irreligion, New Atheism and some general causes of obesity
- 2.1 Atheism and Health
- 2.2 Sports involvement: Religious faith vs. atheism
- 2.3 Internet atheism and obesity
- 2.4 Atheistic geographic areas and obesity
- 2.5 Millennials, irreligion and obesity
- 2.6 Generation X, irreligion and obesity
- 2.7 Baby boom generation, irreligion and obesity
- 2.8 Rapid growth of global Christianity and the health habits of Christendom
- 3 American Atheists organization
- 4 Pictures of an overweight PZ Myers
- 5 Picture of an overweight atheist Christopher Hitchens
- 6 Daniel Dennett - atheist philosopher
- 7 Victor J. Stenger
- 8 New Atheism's leadership and problems with being overweight
- 9 Richard Leakey
- 10 Ed Brayton
- 11 Niles Eldridge
- 12 Steven Novella
- 13 Brian Dunning
- 14 Larry Moran
- 15 YouTube atheism
- 16 Greta Christina
- 17 Bruce Gerencser
- 18 Video/pictures of an overweight atheist activist Michael Nugent
- 19 Stephanie Zvan
- 20 Picture of an overweight Taslima Nasreen
- 21 Matt Dillahunty - a host of atheist TV show
- 22 Stephen Fry
- 23 Picture of an overweight illusionist and comedian Penn Jillette
- 24 Skepchick writers who have excess weight challenges
- 25 Nikki Massey
- 26 Robert M. Price
- 27 Randy Henderson
- 28 Tom Leykis
- 29 Nate Phelps
- 30 Maryam Nazamie
- 31 Shelly Mountjoy
- 32 Sarah Morehead
- 33 Dan Fincke
- 34 Photo of an overweight Steve Wozniak (atheist/agnostic)
- 35 Richard Stallman
- 36 Isaac Asimov
- 37 Gordon Stein
- 38 Mao Zedong
- 39 Kim Jong-un
- 40 Kim II Sung
- 41 Kim Jong-il
- 42 Mikhail Gorbachev
- 43 Leonid Brezhnev
- 44 Georgy Malenkov
- 45 George Melly
- 46 Dara Ó Briain
- 47 Picture of an overweight atheist writer Carol Ann Duffy
- 48 Edmund White
- 49 Picture of an overweight atheist economist Walter Block
- 50 Atheist author Sir Kingsley William Amis
- 51 Atheist origin of life researcher Aleksandr Oparin
- 52 Feminist and atheist Rosika Schwimmer
- 53 Marquis de Sade experienced grotesque obesity during his life
- 54 Paul-Henri Thiry
- 55 Beth Ditto
- 56 Michigan State University overweight, atheist professor incident
- 57 Millennials, irreligion and obesity
- 58 Generation X, irreligion and obesity
- 59 Baby boom generation, irreligion and obesity
- 60 Atheism, homosexuality and obesity
- 61 Atheists and the fat acceptance movement
- 62 Evolutionists who have had problems with being overweight
- 63 Atheism, obesity and intelligence
- 64 Psychology, obesity, religiosity and atheism
- 65 Atheistic China and obesity
- 66 Secular Europe and obesity
- 67 Atheistic Japan and obesity
- 68 Atheism, obesity and hypocrisy
- 69 Atheism, gender, obesity and marriageability
- 70 Atheism, obesity, objective beauty, design and atheists misusing their bodies
- 71 Obese atheists in theistic societies and social censure
- 72 Global obesity epidemic and irreligiosity
- 73 Vox Day on atheism, obesity and prosperity
- 74 Physical and mental health related problems associated with obesity
- 75 Irreligion and undisciplined pseudoscientific thinking
- 76 Implications of explosive growth of global Christianity plus health benefits of religious practice
- 77 The Apostle Paul on the sin of gluttony
- 78 Chuck Norris on the topic of obesity
- 79 Overcoming obesity with the aid of Christian faith
- 80 See also
- 81 Obese atheists and overweight atheists comedy and satire
- 82 See also
- 83 External links
- 84 Notes
American Atheists organization
See also: American Atheists and obesity and Atheist hypocrisy
Madalyn Murray O'Hair was the founder of the American Atheists organization and she was overweight.[76] One of the last pictures taken of Madalyn Murray O'Hair features her standing before a cake as can be seen HERE.
On December 28, 2010, the pictures of the members of the American Atheists organization's board of directors showed a significant portion of its members having excess body weight. Members of the American Atheists board of directors who were overweight as of December 28, 2010 included: Richard Andrews, Blair Scott, Monty Gaither, and Ann Zindler. A picture of an overweight Richard Andrews can be found HERE. Pictures of an overweight Blair Scott can be found HERE and HERE. A picture of an overweight Monty Gaither can be found HERE. A picture of an overweight Ann Zindler can be found HERE.
On August 11. 2013, a new overweight member of their board of directors was listed - namely, Jamila Bey.[77] A video of an overweight Jamila Bey can be seen HERE.
Research suggests that extra pounds and large waists undermine perceptions of leadership ability.[78]
Pictures of an overweight PZ Myers
See also: Evolutionists and excess weight and Overweight atheists and academia and Internet atheism and obesity
PZ Myers is an atheist and evolutionist activist in the creation-evolution controversy, contributing to The Panda's Thumb and Pharyngula blogs. Myers is also an associate professor of biology at the University of Minnesota Morris (UMM)[81]
2009 pictures of a significantly overweight PZ Myers can be found HERE and HERE and HERE. A 2010 picture taken in Australia shows PZ Myers drinking ale/beer and he had excess weight in his abdominal area.[82] In 2010, PZ Myers had health problems related to his heart.[83] In addition, medical science research indicates that excess weight impairs brain function.[84]
Given PZ Myers' biological training and the wide dissemination of the harmful health effects of being overweight in terms of cardiovascular health and brain function, it is unfortunate that preventative medicine was not used in greater measure in terms of his health.[85][86][87] See: Bariatric science
PZ Myers' inattention to diligently implementing the recommendations of nutritional science, exercise science and medical science is not entirely surprising given his vehement advocacy of evolutionary pseudoscience. There have been a number of notable evolutionists who have been overweight. On June 1, 2011, Myers posted a picture of himself and others on his blog and Myers appeared to no longer have issues with being overweight.[88]
PZ Myers is a leader within the New Atheism movement. A significant amount of leaders within the New Atheism movement have problems with being overweight (see: New Atheism leadership's problems with excess weight).
Picture of PZ Myers with some of his young overweight fans
See also: Overweight atheist PZ Myers posing with some young overweight fans
In 2011, Vox Day had an individual complain about the notion that the atheist community has a problem with obesity. As a result, on May 19, 2011, Vox Day released a blog post entitled Mailvox: now, who said atheists are fat? where 80% of the people taking a picture with PZ Myers were overweight and PZ Myers was overweight in the picture as well as can be seen HERE.[89] The picture was originally posted on PZ Myer's blog Pharyngula by Myers on May 16, 2011 and an online argument quickly ensued concerning the appearance of the photograph's participants.[90]
PZ Myers' visit to the Creation Museum
In August 2009, PZ Myers led a group of over 300 atheist and agnostic students on a tour of the Creation Museum.[91] During the visit, Myers had noticeably greater difficulty than others climbing on and off a dinosaur model due to the fact that he was overweight and out of shape.VIDEO
Ironic speech at the 2010 Global Atheist Convention
At the 2010 Global atheist Convention, an overweight PZ Myers likened belief in God to a brain infection plus made the blanket statement that religion makes people stupid and/or do stupid stupid things.[92] As noted above, according to medical science, being overweight causes brain impairment.[93]
PZ Myers in Toronto
A 2008 picture of an overweight PZ Myers meeting with people associated with the Center for Inquiry in Toronto can be found HERE
Please also see: New Atheism leadership's problem with excess weight
Picture of an overweight atheist Christopher Hitchens
Christopher Hitchens was a leader in the New Atheism movement. A picture of an overweight Christopher Hitchens can be found HERE (see also: New Atheism leadership's problem with excess weight).
Hitchen's heavy drinking and chain-smoking and esophageal cancer
Christopher Hitchens was known for having a history of heavy drinking and chain-smoking.[94][95] Christopher Hitchens was being treated for esophageal cancer likely caused by drinking and smoking up until his death on December 15, 2011.[96][97] Despite his esophageal cancer, when asked by interviewer Charlie Rose if in retrospect he would have engaged in heavy drinking and smoking knowing his present cancer condition, Hitchens said he think he would have done things the same.[98]
Hitchen's excess weight and increased risk of esophageal cancer
As noted above, Hitchens also had problems with being overweight during his life (see also: New Atheism leadership's problem with excess weight).[99] According to the National Cancer Institute, "obesity is associated with increased risks of cancers of the esophagus."[100]
Daniel Dennett - atheist philosopher
Daniel Dennett is an atheist philosopher and he is considered a leader in the New Atheism movement. A June 10, 2009 picture of an overweight Daniel Dennet can be found HERE In the late 1990s, Dennet had coronary artery bypass surgery (coronary artery bypass surgery reroutes blood around clogged arteries to enhance blood flow and oxygen to the heart).[101][102] In 2003, a a video at Ted was published featuring an overweight Daniel Dennett. In 2013, a video embedded on a The Raw Story article featured an overweight Daniel Dennett.
Also, given that being overweight causes brain impairment and that Daniel Dennet has had issues with being overweight, it is ironic that Dennet's book Consciousness Explained is beloved by those who deny God in favor of a pseudoscientific naturalist philosophy of the mind.[103]
Victor J. Stenger
Victor J. Stenger (born 1935) is an American physicist, author and outspoken atheist. Victor Stenger is a leader within the New Atheism movement. A picture of an overweight Victor J. Stenger can be found HERE
New Atheism's leadership and problems with being overweight
See also: New Atheism leadership's problem with excess weight and Atheist hypocrisy
The term New Atheism which first appeared in the November 2006 edition of Wired magazine, is frequently applied to a series of six best-selling books by five authors that appeared in the period between 2004–2008. These authors include Sam Harris, Daniel Dennett, Richard Dawkins, Victor J. Stenger and Christopher Hitchens.[106] 3 out of 5 of these leaders of the New Atheism movement have had issues with being overweight as can be seen HERE and HERE and HERE. PZ Myers is also a leader within the New Atheism movement and as noted earlier, Myers has had problems with being overweight. As of August 2013, Richard Dawkins and Sam Harris have not publicly commented on the significant problems the New Atheism leadership has experienced in terms of overweight members.
The ex-atheist Richard Dawkins has publicly indicated that he is an agnostic (see: Richard Dawkins and agnosticism). Since Dawkins is an an agnostic and not an atheist, this would mean that 3 out of 4 of the atheist founders of the New Atheism movement had excess weight issues. At a 75% of individuals overweight population, this would make the atheist founders of the New Atheist movement one of the most overweight populations in world history in terms of the percentage of people overweight.[107][108]
Hippocrates was an early advocate of the health benefits of exercise and also nutrition (see also: Nutritional science).[109] On the other hand, PZ Myers and a significant amount of other New Atheists leaders, seem to have demonstrated a lack of a full appreciation of the importance of nutritional science, exercise science and the latest findings of medical science (see: New Atheism leadership's problem with excess weight}.
There are a number of plausible explanations concerning the significant problems the New Atheism leadership has had with excess weight.
Richard Leakey
See also: Evolutionists and excess weight
Richard Leakey is an anthropologist, evolutionist and atheist.[110] A 2008 picture of an overweight Richard Leakey can be found HERE. Other pictures of an overweight Leakey can be found HERE and HERE and HERE. In October 2010, he appeared to have a healthy weight.[111] However, a May 2012 picture of Leakey featured HERE in the USA Today had a picture of him where he was once more overweight.
Ed Brayton
See also: Evolutionists and excess weight and Atheism and the suppression of science
Ed Brayton is an atheist blogger at freethoughtblogs.com. His blog Dispatches from the Culture Wars is a prominently featured blog at freethoughtblogs.com. He is also the co-founder and president of Michigan Citizens for Science and co-founder of the pro-evolution blog The Panda's Thumb.
Pictures of an overweight Ed Brayton can be found HERE and HERE and HERE and HERE.
A video of an overweight Ed Brayton at the Kitzmiller vs. Dover Area School District trail can be HERE. A video of the overweight American atheist Ed Brayton mocking the fit Christian martial artist Chuck Norris can be found HERE. According to Chuck Norris, most obesity in America is the result of hedonism (see: Chuck Norris on the topic of obesity). Other videos of an overweight Ed Brayton can be found HERE and HERE.
Niles Eldridge
See also: Evolutionists and excess weight
Niles Eldredge is an American paleontologist, author, and curator in the Department of Invertebrates at the American Museum of Natural History in New York.[112][113] Eldridge and fellow paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould (who was an overweight agnostic) developed the Theory of Punctuated Equilibrium.[114]
Niles Eldredge is an atheist. [115] A picture of overweight Niles Eldridge can be found HERE.
Steven Novella
Steven Novella is a clinical neurologist and assistant professor at the Yale University School of Medicine. In addition, he is a medical advisor to the organization Quackwatch, serves as an associate editor of the Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine, and he is the executive editor of the blog Science-Based Medicine.
Novella is a prominent atheist/skeptic who co-founded the New England Skeptical Society and he serves as their president. The organization's podcast, The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe, is popular within the skeptical movement. He also participated in the pro-evolution campaign called Project Steve and was one of the first 200 people to contribute the project as a signer.
There are several pictures posted on the internet of Novella where he exhibits possessing excess weight. For example, in 2011 at TAM9 (a global conference of skeptics), a picture was taken of Steven Novella where he is bending over a table and his excess abdominal weight appears to be hanging over his belt as can be seen HERE and HERE. Other pictures where Novella appears to have excess weight can be seen HERE and HERE and HERE and HERE.
Brian Dunning
Brian Dunning is an atheist/agnostic/skeptic, author, podcaster and owner of the website Skeptoid. On July 9, 2012, Dunning wrote: "However, in fairness, 6’1″ and 190 lbs does put me at the bottom end of the “Overweight” range on BMI calculators..".[116]
Larry Moran
See also: Evolutionists and excess weight and Atheism and the suppression of science
Larry Moran serves as a Professor in the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Toronto. His blog Sandwalk is described as "Strolling with a skeptical biochemist". Moran is an atheist.[117] Pictures of an overweight Larry Moran can be found HERE and HERE.
YouTube atheism
See also: Internet atheism
In 2007, WorldNetDaily featured a column by the Christian Chuck Norris which declared:
“ | Atheists are making a concerted effort to win the youth of America and the world. Hundreds of websites and blogs on the Internet seek to convince and convert adolescents, endeavoring to remove any residue of theism from their minds and hearts by packaging atheism as the choice of a new generation. While you think your kids are innocently surfing the Web, secular progressives are intentionally preying on their innocence and naivete.
What's preposterous is that atheists are now advertising and soliciting on websites particularly created for teens. YouTube, the most popular video site on the Net for young people, is one of their primary avenues for passing off their secularist propaganda.[119] |
” |
Atheism internet outreach efforts, however, have been be very ineffective.
TheAmazingAtheist
As of August of 2012, the most popular YouTube channel run by an atheist is TheAmazingAtheist YouTube channel which has over 300,000 subscribers. TheAmazingAtheist YouTube channel is produced by an overweight atheist.[120] In one video, TheAmazingAtheist exclaimed "Why am I so fat?"[121]
On August 12, 2012, an article entitled Atheism: A religion of degenerates declared:
“ | TheAmazingAtheists was caught on videotape doing something very perverse and unusual with chocolate syrup, coffee and a banana! The embarrassing episode was dubbed BananaGate. One of the last things TheAmazingAtheist needs in his residence is chocolate syrup given the abundant amount of flab which hangs over his belt... This is another example of atheism being a religion of foolish and depraved clowns.[122] | ” |
HappieCabbie
As of September of 2011, the atheist who produces the YouTube channel HappieCabbie, which has over 28,000 subscribers, is also overweight.[124]
InfidelAvenger
InfidelAvenger is a YouTube atheist. A video of an overweight InfidelAvenger can be found HERE and HERE.
Greta Christina
Greta Christina is a popular atheist blogger at freethoughtblogs.com. In addition, she is a atheist speaker and author. A 2007 picture of an overweight Greta Christiana can be found HERE. She is in a same-sex marriage with a woman named Ingrid.[125] For years Greta Christina was very much in agreement with the "fact acceptance movement", however, her ardor for the movement became more limited after a serious knee problem prompted her to lose her excess weight.[126] For more information please see: Atheist Greta Christina and the fat acceptance movement
See also: Lesbianism and obesity and Homosexuality and obesity
Bruce Gerencser
Bruce Gerencser is an atheist blogger who runs the blog The Way Forward.[127] A picture of an overweight Bruce Gerencser can be found HERE.
Video/pictures of an overweight atheist activist Michael Nugent
Michael Nugent is chairperson of the atheist group Atheist Ireland[128] A picture of an overweight Michael Nugent can be found HERE.
Stephanie Zvan
Stephanie Zvan is an atheist who has served as the Associate President for Minnesota Atheist and has written for Freethoughtblogs.com at their blog Almost Diamonds.[129] A picture of an overweight Stephanie Zvan can be found HERE.
Picture of an overweight Taslima Nasreen
The atheist Taslima Nasrin is an author who is known for her feminist and anti-Islamic views.[130][131] Ms. Nasreen has been divorced three times.[132] A picture of an overweight Taslima Nasreen can be found here: HERE
Matt Dillahunty - a host of atheist TV show
Stephen Fry
The atheist Stephen Fry is a English screenwriter, author, playwright, comedian, and film director.[133] A picture of an overweight Stephen Fry can be found HERE and HERE In 2009, the Mail Online reported that Stephen Fry went from being "appallingly corpulent" to having a weight where he can "at last bear to look at himself in the mirror again".[134] However, in March of 2011, Stephen Fry appeared to be once again overweight.[135]
Also, in a January 30, 2012 interview with Charlie Rose, Mr. Fry also had excess weight.[136] In his interview with Charlie Rose, Mr. Fry said that as a young man he hated exercise and sports.[137] Besides being an atheist, Mr. Fry is a homosexual.[138] Traditionally, players in male core sports teams (e.g., football, baseball, basketball,and/or soccer) are more likely to have unfavorable views of homosexuality.[139] See: Homosexuality and obesity and Sports performance: Religious faith vs. atheism
Picture of an overweight illusionist and comedian Penn Jillette
See also: Conservapedia's reply to atheist Penn Jillette
Penn Jillette (born 1955) is an American illusionist, comedian, juggler, musician and writer. Penn Jillette is an atheist.[141] A picture of an overweight Penn Jillette can be found HERE and HERE and HERE.
Skepchick writers who have excess weight challenges
See also: Skepchick and Skepchick writers who have excess weight challenges and Atheism and women and Atheism and health
According to Skepchick, "Skepchick is a group of women (and one deserving guy) who write about science, skepticism, feminism, atheism, secularism, and pseudoscience".[142] Yet despite medical science evidence indicating the health risks of excess weight, Skepchick has writers who are overweight (see sections below). See also: Atheist hypocrisy
Amy Davis Roth - writer at Skepchick
Amy Davis Roth is an atheist who writes for Skepchick.[143][144] Pictures of an overweight Amy Davis Roth can be found HERE and HERE.
Heina Dadabhoy - writer at Skepchick
Heina Dadabhoy is an atheist who writes for Skepchick.[145][146] Pictures of an overweight Heina Dadabhoy can be found HERE and HERE She has written several blog post sympathetic to the ideas of the "fat acceptance" movement.[147] For more information please see: Atheism and the fat acceptance movement
Nikki Massey
Nikki Massey is an atheist and she serves on the board of directors for Secular Woman, Inc. In addition, she is a part-time blogger and abortion activist.[148][149] A picture of an overweight Nikki Massey at SkepchickCon can be found HERE and HERE In addition, a picture of Nikki Massey can be found HERE.
Robert M. Price
Robert M. Price is an American atheist, theologian and professor. He teaches biblical criticism at the Center for Inquiry.[150] In addition, he sits on the advisory board of the Secular Student alliance. Price is also a fellow of the Jesus Seminar.
Pictures of an overweight Robert M. Price can be found HERE and HERE.
Randy Henderson
Randy Henderson was head of Iowa Atheist and Freethinkers as of April 23, 2011.[152] A picture of an overweight Randy Henderson can be found HERE.
Tom Leykis
Tom Leykis is an atheist and American talk radio personality known for hosting the nationally syndicated The Tom Leykis Show from 1994 to 2009, and April 2012 to the present via (internet streamcast/podcast).[153] Pictures of an overweight Tom Leykis can be found HERE and HERE and HERE
Nate Phelps
Nate Phelps is an atheist.[154][155] Nate is currently the Executive Director of the Center for Inquiry Canada.[156] Pictures of an overweight Nate Phelps can be found HERE and HERE.
Maryam Nazamie
The atheist Maryam Nazamie has had issues with being overweight as can be seen HERE and HERE and HERE.
Shelly Mountjoy
As a student at George Mason University, Shelley Mountjoy founded the Secular Student Alliance at George Mason University and served as its President.[157][158] She is an atheist who won an atheist scholarship awarded by the American Atheists organization.[159]
A 2010 picture of an overweight Shelly Mountjoy can be found HERE. She also appeared in a video where she introduced PZ Myers who presented a lecture on science education.[160] In addition, the Washington Post reported that on July 4, 2010, an atheist Independence Day celebration was hosted at Shelly Mountjoy's parents' house which had a "food table, a drink table and a literature table" (Shelly Mounjoy's parents are Roman Catholic and they were not home for the party).[161]
Sarah Morehead
Sarah Morehead is an atheist and the Executive Director of Recovering from Religion.[162] A picture of an overweight Sarah Morehead can be found HERE.
Dan Fincke
Dr. Dan Fincke is an atheist who served as an adjunct assistant philosophy professor at Hofstra University, City College of New York (CUNY), and Hunter College (CUNY). In 2014, he ceased engaging in adjunct teaching and focused mainly on offering his own online classes and other philosophical services.[163][164] Fincke is also the main writer for the website Camels With Hammers. Pictures of an overweight Dan Fincke can be found HERE and HERE and HERE and HERE.
Photo of an overweight Steve Wozniak (atheist/agnostic)
Steve Wozniak - co-founder of Apple Computer.[165] Wozniak wrote: "I am also atheist or agnostic (I don't even know the difference)."[166]
Richard Stallman
Richard Stallman is a software freedom activist and also a computer programmer. Stallman wrote that he was "an atheist".[167] Pictures of an overweight Richard Stallman can be found HERE and HERE and HERE
Isaac Asimov
Isaac Asimov was an American author, biochemistry professor st Boston University and an atheist . A picture of an overweight Isaac Asimov can be found HERE. Asimov had "a heart attack in 1977, and triple bypass surgery in 1983."[168] In 1992, the New York Times reported: "He died of heart and kidney failure, said his brother, Stanley."[169]
Cryonics is a pseudoscience that tries to extend life or achieve immortality in a non-theistic way after a person is legally dead (Cryonic procedures are performed shortly after a person's death).[170][171] According to The Cryonics Society, Asimov said of cryonics, "Though no one can quantify the probability of cryonics working, I estimate it is at least 90%..."[172] See: Atheism and cryonics
Gordon Stein
Dr. Gordon Stein (April 30, 1941 – August 27, 1996) was an American author, physiologist and atheist activist. One of the things Dr. Stein is known for is his debate with the Christian apologist Dr. Greg Bahnsen - a debate he is widely recognized to have done poorly in.[173][174][175]
A picture of an overweight Gordon Stein can be found HERE and HERE.
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong was an overweight Chinese communist leader. On September 2, 1976, he had a serious heart attack and he died on September 9, 1976 in his sleep. Mao had been in a poor health for many years previous to his death.[177]
Kim Jong-un
Kim Jong-un is an overweight atheist communist dictator. [178][179]
In 2014, Free North Korea Radio reported that North Korean leader Kim Jong-un is getting fatter which is leading to rumors that he is suffering from stress and symptoms of heart disease.[180]
Kim II Sung
The North Korean communist dictator Kim Il Sung was an obese atheist who died of a heart attack.[181]
Kim Jong-il
Kim Jong-il was an overweight atheist North Korean communist dictator.[182] Kim Jong-il died of a heart attack. [183]
Mikhail Gorbachev
Leonid Brezhnev
Leonid Brezhnev was a communist dictator in the former Soviet Union and a picture of an overweight Leonid Brezhnev can be found HERE. Brezhnev had a "stroke in March 1982 and died of a heart attack in November".[186]
Georgy Malenkov
Georgy Malenkov - Soviet Union politician[187]
George Melly
Song writer and singer George Melly was an atheist.[189] A picture of an overweight George Melly smoking a cigarette can be found HERE.
On April 17, 2007, the Daily Mail reported that George Melly was battling cancer and dementia.[190]
In addition, the Daily Mail reported:
“ | The first hint of problems came seven years ago, when George was diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This is nearly always caused by smoking - George has smoked up to 60 cigarettes a day since his teens.
The condition restricts airflow to the lungs, and the lack of oxygen in the bloodstream means there is not enough blood getting to the organs - most importantly the heart. George ignored instructions to give up smoking but was put on a vast regime of medication, including diuretics to combat fluid build-up.[191] |
” |
Dara Ó Briain
Dara Ó Briain is an Irish comedian and he is an atheist.[192] A 2008 picture of an overweight Dara Ó Briain can be found HERE
Picture of an overweight atheist writer Carol Ann Duffy
Carol Ann Duffy, CBE,(born 1955) is a Scottish poet and playwright. Carol Ann Duffy is an atheist.[193] A picture of an overweight Ms. Duffy can be found HERE
Edmund White
Edmund White is a author, literary critic, homosexual and an atheist.[194][195] Photos of an overweight Edmund White can be found HERE and HERE.
Picture of an overweight atheist economist Walter Block
Walter Block is an atheist economist. A picture of an overweight Walter Block can be found HERE.
Atheist author Sir Kingsley William Amis
Sir Kingsley William Amis, CBE (16 April 1922 – 22 October 1995) was an English writer, critic and teacher. Amis was also an atheist.[196] Kingsley Amis was a serial adulterer and drunkard.[197] Sir Kingsley Amis wrote in a memoir: "Now and then I become conscious of having the reputation of being one of the great drinkers, if not one of the great drunks, of our time".[198] A picture of an overweight Sir Kingsley Amis can be found HERE
Atheist origin of life researcher Aleksandr Oparin
See also: Evolutionists and excess weight
A picture of overweight atheist origin of life researcher Aleksandr Oparin can be found HERE. A biography of Oparin declares: "Ill health dogged Oparin in his final years, and his death in 1980 was probably the result of a heart attack."[199]
Feminist and atheist Rosika Schwimmer
Rosika Schwimmer (1877–1948) was a Hungarian-born feminist and pacifist. Rosika Schwimmer was an atheist.[200] A picture of an overweight Rosika Schwimmer can be found HERE
Marquis de Sade experienced grotesque obesity during his life
The perverse and cruel atheist Marquis de Sade experienced grotesque obesity during his life.[201] The French atheist Marquis de Sade wrote sadomasochistic novels which featured rape, bestiality and necrophilia (see Atheism and bestiality).
Paul-Henri Thiry
Paul-Henri Thiry, Baron d'Holbach (1723 - 1789) was an early advocate of atheism in Europe and he was overweight. Artwork of an overweight Paul-Henri Thiry can be found HERE
Beth Ditto
Beth Ditto is a singer. She is also a lesbian and an atheist.[204][205] A 2007 picture of an overweight Beth Ditto is available HERE.
Michigan State University overweight, atheist professor incident
On October 1, 2012, an overweight, atheist Michigan State University professor stripped naked except for his socks during one of his university classes, declared there was no God, screamed, shouted an obscenity, slammed his hands against the window and pressed his face to the window and then was taken away by police.[206][207] See also: Atheism and health
Millennials, irreligion and obesity
See also: Millennials, irreligion and obesity
The Pew Research Center defines "adult Millennials" as those who are 18 to 33 years old, born between 1981–1996.[208]
In 2010, the Pew Research Forum reported concerning the millennial generation:
“ | By some key measures, Americans ages 18 to 29 are considerably less religious than older Americans...
Compared with their elders today, young people are much less likely to affiliate with any religious tradition or to identify themselves as part of a Christian denomination. Fully one-in-four adults under age 30 (25%) are unaffiliated, describing their religion as “atheist,” “agnostic” or “nothing in particular.” This compares with less than one-fifth of people in their 30s (19%), 15% of those in their 40s, 14% of those in their 50s and 10% or less among those 60 and older. About two-thirds of young people (68%) say they are members of a Christian denomination and 43% describe themselves as Protestants, compared with 81% of adults ages 30 and older who associate with Christian faiths and 53% who are Protestants.[212] |
” |
Commenting on the issue of millennials and obesity, Futurecast wrote in 2009:
“ | Gen Y, defined as young adults 18-29, are less active and more obese than earlier generations.
“The proportion of young adults 18–29 years of age who were obese more than tripled from 8% in 1971–1974 to 24% in 2003–2004.” “Nearly two-thirds of young adults did not have regular leisure-time physical activity and three-quarters did not report strength-training at least twice a week.”[213] |
” |
Generation X, irreligion and obesity
See also: Generation X, irreligion and obesity
Generation X is made up of individuals born between 1966 to 1980.
Using data from the American Religious Identification Survey (ARIS), Barry A. Kosmin & Juhem Navarro-Rivera reported:
“ | Generation X became more secular and also less Christian (85% in 1990 v. 75% in 2008) as it aged and grew in size. However, the proportion of the cohort identifying with Other Christian denominations and non-Christian religions hardly changed. So the secularizing change mainly occurred at the expense of Catholic self-identification which fell from 33% in 1990 to 26% in 2008.[214] | ” |
In 2014, Bloomberg News reported about Generation X and obesity:
“ | People born from 1966 to 1980, known as Generation X, are fatter and twice as likely to have diabetes as Baby Boomers were at the same age, according to an Australian study that predicts younger generations will be sicker and costlier to care for in old age.[215] | ” |
Generation X in America, obese atheists and education
See also: Religion and education and Obese atheists and academia
In 2014, Philip Schwadel, an associate professor of sociology at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, declared that it’s the least-educated members of Generation X who are “most likely to leave religion".[216] See: Religion and education
In the United States, religion is positively correlated to education; a scholarly study published in an academic journal titled the Review of Religious Research demonstrated that increased education is correlated with belief in God and that "education positively affects religious participation, devotional activities, and emphasizing the importance of religion in daily life."[217][218][219][220] Furthermore, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) reports that higher levels of education is positively correlated with lower rates of obesity.[221]
Researchers at Bowling Green State University found that obesity/excess weight negatively affects one's ability to be accepted into graduate schools. [222]
As noted above, having a lower socioeconomic status, which of course includes education, is positively correlated with obesity.[223]
Baby boom generation, irreligion and obesity
See also: Baby boom generation, irreligion and obesity
The baby boom generation was born between the years 1946 and 1964.
In 2011, the Pew research foundation reported concerning the United States:
“ | Younger generations also are significantly less likely than older ones to affiliate with a religious tradition. This pattern began in the 1970s when 13% of Baby Boomers were unaffiliated with any particular religion, according to the General Social Survey. That compared with just 6% among the Silent generation and 3% among the Greatest generation.[224] | ” |
On February 5, 2013, Business Insider wrote an article entitled Baby Boomers Are Fatter And Lazier Than Their Parents' Generation in which cited statistics indicating that the baby boomer generation has greater problems with obesity that the previous generation and is also a generation which is less physically active. [225]
The Silent Generation was born from 1925 until 1942. They preceded the baby boom generation.
Atheism, homosexuality and obesity
See also: Homosexuality and obesity and Lesbianism and obesity
The Bible declares homosexuality to be a sin (see: Homosexuality and the Bible).
The journalist Peter LaBarbera wrote: "Anyone who has researched the subject of homosexuality knows that many of the most staunch advocates of homosexuality are those who hold a decidedly secular outlook."[226] The Bible is against homosexuality (see: Homosexuality and the Bible). See also: Homosexuality and Religious Liberty
Peter LaBarbera also declared:
“ | The National Youth Risk Behavior Surveys are given to high schoolers, and the Centers for Disease Control looked at the data from 2001 to 2009 in the states of Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Vermont, Wisconsin and the cities of Boston, Chicago, Milwaukee, New York City, San Francisco and San Diego, locales where the schools permitted questions about homosexual identity/behavior, which isn’t always the case in less “progressive” areas.
Teens who called themselves “gay, lesbian or bisexual,” or who were unsure, as well as those who didn’t use those labels but had sexual contact only with same-sex people or with both sexes, were found to be more likely than heterosexually identified students to engage in seven out of the 10 risk behavior categories. These were: 1) behaviors that contribute to violence; 2) behaviors related to attempted suicide; 3) tobacco use; 4) alcohol use; 5) other drug use; 6) sexual behaviors; and 7) weight management. (emphasis added)[227] |
” |
See also: Homosexuality and health and Homosexual Couples and Domestic Violence and Homosexuality and murders and Homosexuality and Illegal Drug Use and Mental Health and Homosexuality and Homosexuality and smoking and Homosexuality Statistics
Lesbianism and obesity
See also: Lesbianism and obesity and Homosexuality and obesity and Atheism and marriage
Lesbians have significantly higher rates of obesity.[228]
In 2013, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) reported that 75% of American lesbians are obese.[229] In April of 2007, the American Journal of Public Health analyzed data from 2002 National Survey of Family Growth and the data suggested that American lesbian women were 2.69 times more likely to be overweight and 2.47 times more likely to be obese than all other female sexual orientation groups. [230] The abstract for this study indicated that "lesbians are at greater risk for morbidity and mortality linked to overweight and obesity." [230]
Chubby subculture among male homosexuals
See also: Homosexuality and obesity and Atheism and marriage
Within the male homosexuality community, there is a subculture of overweight/obese homosexuals which is called the chubby culture (an overweight male homosexual within this subculture is called a "chub").[231]
Atheism, homosexuality, sin and obesity
Since the Bible declares gluttony and homosexuality to be sins, no doubt there are obese people and/or homosexuals who reject Christianity, despite the abundant evidence for Christianity, and decide to become or remain atheists rather than repent and become Christians.
Atheists and the fat acceptance movement
See also: Atheism and the fat acceptance movement and Atheism and the suppression of science
As noted above, while there are many atheists who accept the vast amount of medical data indicating the harmful effects of being overweight, there have been atheists who have engaged in denialism and have very much agreed with the fat acceptance movement. Furthermore, as noted above, atheists have been interviewed by major news organizations and advocated the fat acceptance movement.[232]
Greta Christina
For years, the prominent atheist, lesbian and feminist Greta Christina was involved in the fat acceptance movement and largely dismissed the abundant medical science data indicating the negative health effects of being overweight. Her fat acceptance beliefs were altered though when she had a serious knee problem which prompted her to lose her excess weight.[233]
Within the feminist movement, there a branch of feminism called fat feminism.[234] The lesbian population in the Western World has a significantly higher rate of obesity (see: Lesbianism and obesity).
Today, Christina has a more limited agreement with the fat acceptance movement, but still considers herself apart of it.[235]
Greta Christina wrote in 2010:
“ | And while I have huge disagreements with the fat acceptance movement -- especially with its more extreme denialist edges -- I still think many of its ideas are important, and perceptive, and entirely fair. I have serious disagreements with FA, but I am still very much shaped by it, and I would like to think of myself as an ally of the movement, and even as a member of it.
It's just that they don't feel the same way about me.[236] |
” |
Skepchick writer and feminist Heina Dadabhoy
Skepchick writer and feminist Heina Dadabhoy has written about "fat phobia", fat-hating and also wrote about a television episode "What I did like was seeing a bad fatty positively represented on mainstream-enough television".[237] She has written a number of fat acceptance blog posts.[238]
Website Fierce, Freethinking Fatties
A prominent atheist fat acceptance website is the website Fierce, Freethinking Fatties and the representatives of the website have been featured by major news outlets such as the BBC, NBC, Village Voice, China International Radio and the Huffington Post.[239][240]
Atheism, politics and the fat acceptance movement
Since the majority of atheists are on the left side of the political spectrum (see: Atheism and politics), politically left leaning atheists (such as feminists) who subscribe to fat acceptance movement ideology typically subscribe to the fat acceptance movement's identity politics type complaints of "thin privilege".[241][242][243] Rather than take responsibility for their health choices, they would rather wallow in self-pity and play the victim (As noted above, most individuals are overweight due to their dietary and exercise habits[244]).
Evolutionists who have had problems with being overweight
See also: Professor PZ Myers fails his applied biology course - satire and Atheist hypocrisy
As noted above, since World War II a majority of the most prominent and vocal defenders of the evolutionary position which employs methodological naturalism have been atheists or agnostics.[245] Also, as far as the history of Darwinism, the agnostic Erasmus Darwin, the grandfather of Charles Darwin, is believed to have influenced Charles Darwin as far as the development of his evolutionary beliefs.[246][247] As far as Erasmus Darwin's eating habits, "His love of food (particularly fruits, sugar, cream and butter) was matched by his dislike of exercise, and by the age of 46 he had grown so corpulent that a semi-circle had to be cut out of his dining table to accommodate his girth at meal times."[248]
A list of evolutionists who who have had problems with being overweight and/or obese can be found here:
Evolutionists who have had problems with being overweight and/or obese
As alluded to earlier, given the pseudoscientific nature of the evolutionary paradigm, it not surprising that overweight and obese prominent evolutionists have ignored or taken lightly the recommendations of medical science in terms of the harmful effects of being overweight (see also: Evolution, Liberalism, Atheism, and Irrationality).
Creation Ministries International points out that some evolutionists unreasonably claim that human evolution supposedly has contributed to obesity.[249]
Atheism, obesity and intelligence
CBS News reports that research suggests that "men who score low on IQ tests in adolescence are more likely to be overweight in middle age".[250] Compounding this matter is the fact that medical studies indicate that excess weight impairs brain function (see also: Health effects of obesity)[251]
See also: Atheism and intelligence
Psychology, obesity, religiosity and atheism
See also: Psychology, obesity, religiosity and atheism and Atheism and health and Atheism and depression
As noted earlier, many people overeat in response to negative emotions such as depression, anger, anxiety and boredom (see also: Atheism and depression).[252][253][254] In addition, obesity is positively associated with neuroticism, impulsiveness, and lower self-discipline.[255][256][257][258]
Concerning atheism and mental and physical health, as noted earlier, there is considerable amount of scientific evidence that suggest that theism is more conducive to mental and physical health than atheism.
As noted previously, the Mayo Clinic reported the following on December 11, 2001:
“ | In an article also published in this issue of Mayo Clinic Proceedings, Mayo Clinic researchers reviewed published studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews and subject reviews that examined the association between religious involvement and spirituality and physical health, mental health, health-related quality of life and other health outcomes.
The authors report a majority of the nearly 350 studies of physical health and 850 studies of mental health that have used religious and spiritual variables have found that religious involvement and spirituality are associated with better health outcomes.[260] |
” |
In December of 2003, the University of Warwick reported:
“ | Dr. Stephen Joseph, from the University of Warwick, said: "Religious people seem to have a greater purpose in life, which is why they are happier. Looking at the research evidence, it seems that those who celebrate the Christian meaning of Christmas are on the whole likely to be happier.[261] | ” |
Duke University has established the Center for Spirituality, Theology and Health.[262] The Duke University Center for Spirituality, Theology and Health is based in the Center for Aging at Duke and gives opportunities for scholarly trans-disciplinary conversation and the development of collaborative research projects.[263] In respect to the atheism and mental and physical health, the center offers many studies which suggest that theism is more beneficial than atheism.[264]
Atheism, obesity and self-esteem
See also: Atheism and self-esteem and Atheism, obesity and self-esteem and Atheism and depression and Atheism and suicide and Atheism, uncharitableness and depression
There are preliminary studies indicating that individuals who reject Christianity in Western cultures have lower self-esteem than the Christian population.[265][266] In addition, obese individuals can have lower self-esteem related to their obesity.[267] In the United States, obese people are often stereotyped as being "lazy, lacking self-discipline and being mentally slow".[268] In March of 2011, USA News and World Report declared that an Arizona State University study suggests that fat stigma has gone global.[269] In addition, parts of the world that once viewed being overweight favorably now hold negative views concerning having extra pounds and also hold negative views concerning overweight individuals.[270] Poor self-esteem has been linked to an increase in suicide attempts and atheists have higher rates of suicide than the general population.[271][272][273] Obese atheists likely have higher rates of suicide than the general public.
Atheistic China and obesity
See also: China and obesity
China has the world's largest atheist population.[275][276] In 2014, it was reported that China's obesity rate has skyrocketed in the last 30 years and the Chinese now have the second highest obesity rate in the world.[277][278] The Wall Street Journal reported in 2014 that China had approximately 300 million overweight people.[279] In 2014, the British medical journal Lancet analyzed weight trends in 188 countries and reported that more than 28% of Chinese adult men and 27% of the country’s adult women are now overweight or obese.[280]
According to a 2012 report by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the number of obese children in China has reached 120 million.[281] A recent study published in the Obesity Reviews journal, found that Chinese teenagers' rate of diabetes was four times that of their American peers.[282] Due to their past one-child policy, which had exceptions, China now has a lot of over-pampered and over-fed children.[283]
Matthew Crabbe, co-author of "Fat China: How Expanding Waistlines are Changing a Nation" declared that China's surging rate of obesity is "a ticking bomb" underneath the country's future economic growth and healthcare system.[284]
In 2014, The Economist declared in an article entitled Chubby little emperors:
“ | MORE than 2,000 years ago “Huangdi Neijing”, a classic Chinese medical text, identified obesity as a disease caused by eating too much “fatty meats and polished grains”. Until a generation ago such a diet was an extravagance beyond imagination for all but the elite. But the Chinese waistline has since expanded, and at an alarming rate.
More than a quarter of the adult population, or roughly 350m people, is overweight or obese (more than 60m squeeze into the latter camp). That is at least twice as many as are under-nourished. With rising incomes and more diverse diets, Chinese people are consuming much more fatty food and fizzy drinks. Meals now contain more than twice as much oil and meats as in the 1980s. This is producing a health calamity, both in heart disease (which now accounts for over a third of deaths) and in a less-noticed explosion of diabetes, which is closely linked to obesity. The prevalence of diabetes has grown more than tenfold during the past three decades. According to a recent national survey, 11.6% of Chinese adults are diabetic, a share almost as high as in America, whose obesity rate is much greater. With a catastrophic famine still in living memory, it is little surprise that Chinese people have developed a taste for foods rich in fats and sugars.[285] |
” |
China and Western style food restaurants and China has rapidly become the largest beer market
In China, there is a growing amount of westernized style food establishments that can be found in most reasonably size cities.[286] In addition, China has rapidly become the largest market for beer.[287]
All you can eat buffets in China
All you can eat buffets in China are called 自助餐 (zi zhu can). They typically have Western food as well as Chinese food and are found in large cities such Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Qingdao, etc.[288]
In the Grand View Mall Guangzhou, China they have a place called Las Vegas Buffet. In Guangzhou, they also have several Brazilian meat buffets where they come patrons tables and slice meat of a skewer (This also includes an all you can eat buffet).[289]
Secular Europe and obesity
See also: Secular Europe and obesity
From a global perspective, Europe is more secular than the rest of the world although it does have a considerable amount of religious immigrants who have higher birth rates (see: Atheist population and Global atheism).
The World Health Organization (WHO) recently reported:
“ | Based on the latest estimates in European Union countries, overweight affects 30-70% and obesity affects 10-30% of adults.
Estimates of the number of overweight infants and children in the WHO European Region rose steadily from 1990 to 2008. Over 60% of children who are overweight before puberty will be overweight in early adulthood.[291] |
” |
United Kingdom and obesity
See also: United Kingdom and obesity
Britain is the birthplace of Darwinism. Since World War II a majority of the most prominent and vocal defenders of the evolutionary position which employs methodological naturalism have been atheists or agnostics.[292] A Eurobarometer poll in 2010 reported that 37% of UK citizens "believed there is a God", 33% believe there is "some sort of spirit or life force" and 25% answered "I don't believe there is any sort of spirit, God or life force".[293]
On May 28, 2014, The Guardian reported on that the United Kingdom is among worst in Western Europe as far as the level of overweight and obese people.[294] In 2014, in the UK, 67% of men and 57% of women were either overweight or obese.[295] In May of 2014, the British paper The Mirror reported that according to the British medical journal Lancet, British girls are the most overweight girls in Western Europe.[296] In Britain, 29.2% of girls under the age of 20 are classed as excessively heavy with just over 8% meeting the clinical definition of obesity.[297] See also: Evolutionists who have had problems with being overweight
Atheistic Japan and obesity
See also: Atheistic Japan and obesity
Using a system of punitive measures and state mandated counseling for overweight individuals, atheistic Japan has lowered its obesity rate to 3.5%.[298][299][300] As a means of comparison, according to the CIA World Factbook, in 2008 theistic Ethiopia and Bangladesh had an obesity rate of 1.1%.[301]
Sumo wrestling
Sumo is a traditional Japanese style of wrestling that has existed in Japan for over 2,000 years.[302] As a professional sport, sumo wrestling does not exist outside of Japan. Because of its long history in Japan, sumo wrestling is often referred to as Japan's national sport.[303] It is not officially Japan's national sport, however.[304] The cultural research of Helen Gremillion of Indiana University in Bloomington indicates that sumo wrestlers are a reflection of Japanese ideals in terms of tradition.[305]
Sumo wrestlers are usually very large, appearing overweight to the point of obesity. They train to gain weight.[306] Sumo wrestlers eat large amounts of food each day and drink large amounts of beer with their meals.[307][308]
On September 27, 2008, Japan Today declared:
“ | Not only is the life expectancy of sumo wrestlers 10 years less than the average population, they also suffer higher incidences of kidney and liver problems. Wrestlers are also subject to hormonal imbalances, signaled by serious weight problems and voice changes. While much of this may be the result of the unusual diet and harsh training, many of the same symptoms are also present in steroid abusers.[309] | ” |
Atheism, obesity and hypocrisy
See also: Atheist hypocrisy
Atheist often champion mainstream medicine and disparage osteopathy, integrative medicine, chiropractic healthcare and other alternative medicine approaches.[310][311] Yet despite medical science having an vast amount of evidence pointing out the many health risks of excess weight and medical science, exercise science, and nutritional science having many effective measures to lose weight, there are a significant number of Western World atheists who are obese or have excess weight.
The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines biology as "a branch of knowledge that deals with organisms and vital processes."[312] One of the most basic vital processes relating to human biology is eating. Given that overweight atheists typically champion evolutionary pseudoscience, it is not surprising that many have not mastered regulating their daily food intake.
For more information on atheist hypocrisy, please see: Atheist hypocrisy
Atheism, gender, obesity and marriageability
See also: Atheism and marriage and Atheism and women and Atheism, marriage and suicide
Atheism and rates of marriage in the United States
Christian apologist Michael Caputo wrote:
“ | Recently the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life has published its mammoth study on Religion in America based on 35,000 interviews. According to the Pew Forum a whopping 37% of atheists never marry as opposed to 19% of the American population, 17% of Protestants and 17% of Catholics.[317] | ” |
Vox Day declared that according to the 2001 American Religious Identification Survey (ARIS) "more than half of all atheists and agnostics don’t get married."[318]
Obese atheists and marriageability
See also: Atheism and marriage and Atheism and women and Obese atheists and marriageability and Irreligion and domestic violence
According to the abstract for a paper presented at the 2004 annual meeting of the American Sociological Association: "Obese individuals have fewer dating opportunities, marry later and marry less desirable partners."[319]
Studies indicate that atheists are a minority in the population. Studies also indicate that people tend to marry people with similar values or who resemble their parents or themselves.[320][321] In addition, the Bible teaches Christians not to marry a non-Christian (The Bible also teaches a believer to stay married to a non-believer if you are already married).[322] Also, interfaith marriages often have greater marital friction and interfaith marriages historically have had higher rates of divorce.[323] Therefore, it would not be surprising if obese atheists find it more difficult to find marriage partners and if atheist/theist marriages also have increased marital friction and higher rates of divorce since these two worldviews are so different.
Obese male atheists and marriageability
See also: Atheism appears to be significantly less appealing to women and Atheism and marriage and Atheism and social outcasts
Survey data and website tracking data of prominent atheists' websites indicate that in the Western World, atheism appears to be significantly less appealing to women.[325][326][327] Studies also indicate that atheists are a minority in the population.
In September 26, 2008, The Telegraph reported concerning the English population:
“ | The proportion of adults in England who are an unhealthy size has soared over the past 15 years with one in four now seriously overweight.
There have always been more obese women than men but the gap between the genders has now been cancelled out. In addition, the number of overweight women has fallen in recent years while the number of morbidly obese men is rising sharply.[328] |
” |
Given that atheism appears to be significantly less appealing to women, obesity reduces one's marriageability, atheists are a minority in the population and that people tend to marry people with similar values or who resemble their parents or themselves as noted above; this would suggest that obese male atheists may find it more difficult to find prospective female partners for marriage. And of course, militant atheism might make matters even more difficult.
Atheism, obesity, objective beauty, design and atheists misusing their bodies
Individuals who belong to the Abrahamic faiths (Christianity, Judaism and Islam) see the beauty in nature as the handiwork of God (see: Argument from beauty). Just as a painting requires a painter, nature's beauty demands a Creator.
Traditionally, in monotheistic cultures, well-proportioned bodies have been considered the most beautiful. Furthermore, these theistic cultures accept the idea of sin - such as the sins of gluttony and sloth which can detract from external beauty.
The Bible acknowledges that an individual can possess both external and inner beauty. For example, Sarah, who who was Abraham's wife, was said to have both inner and external beauty.[329][330]
Unlike many very religious monotheists, atheists reject: objective beauty; that gluttony and sloth are sins and that humans were intelligently designed.[331] Therefore, they are more likely to attempt to rationalize away the unsightly excess weight that has accumulated on their bodies that detracts from their physical appearance and causes their bodies to operate less efficiently than they were designed to function.[332][333][334]
Atheism and a lack of appreciation for the beauty of the human body
See also: Atheism and a lack of appreciation for the beauty of the human body
Christians and other theists have produced great works of art such as statues and paintings that depicted the beauty of the human body. The Bible teaches that God formed the first man and woman and that his original creation was "very good".[335] See: Christian art and Christian paintings
The psalmist David wrote: "One thing I have asked from the LORD, that I shall seek: That I may dwell in the house of the LORD all the days of my life, To behold the beauty of the LORD And to meditate in His temple."(Psalm 27:4). The fall of man caused death, disease and suffering to enter into the world. The Bible also declares that Sarah, Abraham's wife, had both inner and outer beauty.[336] The Song of Solomon features two lovers who tell each other how beautiful they are.
On the other hand, as noted above, a significant amount of atheists lack an appreciation for the importance of maintaining good health and for keeping up a presentable appearance unencumbered by excess weight. Please see: Atheism and a lack of appreciation for the beauty of the human body
See also:
Atheism has a poor track record in terms of creating art/music
See also: Atheism and art/music
Despite atheism being around since at least ancient Greece, there has not been a strong tradition of creating musical and artistic works related to atheism. Musical/artistic talent can be enhanced through practice and the atheist creed of "there is no God" is not an inspiring creed that produces a significant amount of music/art. For example, despite Wikipedia being founded by an atheist and an agnostic, there are no articles specifically devoted to the topics of atheist music or atheist art at Wikipedia, but Wikipedia does have articles devoted specifically to Christian art and Christian music.
For more information please see: Atheism and art/music
Atheism and misuses of the body
See also: Atheism and moral intelligence
Atheism and suicide
- Atheism and suicide (Atheists are more likely to commit suicide)
Obese atheists in theistic societies and social censure
In many theistic societies, atheists are held in low esteem (see: Views on atheists and Atheism and social outcasts). For example, Dr. Sam Harris, a founder of the New Atheism movement, is well aware of the stigma surrounding atheism and has advocated that atheists no longer call themselves atheists.[337] In fact, Dr. Harris has said concerning the label of atheist, "It's right next to child molester as a designation."[338]
In addition to facing social ostracism for being an atheist, obese atheists often face the added social censure related to their obesity. For example, the Journal of Health Psychology reported in a study entitled A daily diary assessment of female weight stigmatization that overweight women experience an average of three fat-shaming moments every day.[339]
Global obesity epidemic and irreligiosity
See also: Global decline of atheism
Since the world is becoming more religious at an increasing rate and there is data pointing to irreligiousity being a causal factor for obesity, this may help reduce the rate of increase of the global obesity epidemic (Decline of atheism and Global atheism).
Vox Day on atheism, obesity and prosperity
See also: Causes of atheism and Global decline of atheism and Western ungodliness, prosperity, decadence and obesity
On June 3, 2014, Vox Day wrote in an article entitled The inevitable decline of atheism which declared:
“ | A more important factor is that times of wealth and peace have always been a counter-indicator of religious belief. The rich and fat seldom believe they have any need for God, and they deeply resent any divinely inspired restrictions on their descent into decadence. At the end of the longest period of peace and economic expansion in the history of the West, it should be no surprise at all that we have an obese, decadent, depraved, diseased population that fears no God.
They will learn better soon enough. Both history and the Bible are very clear concerning the eventual fate of such societies.[340] |
” |
See also: Atheism and economics
See also: Atheism and health and Physical and mental health related problems associated with obesity
Some of the medical conditions associated with obesity include: type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and triglycerides, coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, arthritis, cancer, sleep apnea, reproductive problems in women and varicose veins.[341] According to the National Cancer Institute, "obesity is associated with increased risks of cancers of the esophagus, breast (postmenopausal), endometrium (the lining of the uterus), colon and rectum, kidney, pancreas, thyroid, gallbladder, and possibly other cancer types."[342] In addition, medical science research indicates that excess weight impairs brain function.[343]
According to the Mayo Clinic some of the symptoms associated with obesity can include:
“ |
|
” |
Other problems associated with obesity include:
- Increased suicide risk - Concerning the issue of depression, atheists do have higher rates of suicide than the general population. For more information please see: Atheism and depression and Atheism and suicide.
- Negative effects on lung function/respiratory disease: According to Harvard University's School of Public Health: "Excess weight impairs respiratory function via mechanical and metabolic pathways. The accumulation of abdominal fat, for example, may limit the descent of the diaphragm, and in turn, lung expansion, while the accumulation of visceral fat can reduce the flexibility of the chest wall, sap respiratory muscle strength, and narrow airways in the lungs. Cytokines generated by the low-grade inflammatory state that accompanies obesity may also impede lung function."[346]
- Infertility problems in men and men.[347] Atheist fertility problems associated with obesity further excerbates the sub-replacement fertility rates of the atheist population which is contributing to the global decline of atheism in terms of its adherents.[348][349]
- Feet/ankles problems: According to Stuart D. Miller, M.D.: "It is important for the public to know that obesity isn't just an aesthetic issue, but a contributing cause of musculoskeletal health problems, specifically with the feet and ankles."[350]
- Lower levels of balance recovery and increased risk of falls: In her thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, entitled A modeling investigation of obesity and balance recovery, Sara Louise Matrangola writes in the abstract: "Obesity is associated with an increased risk of falls and subsequent injury. Previous studies have shown weight loss and strength training to be beneficial to balance, but knowing which is more beneficial will allow researchers to design interventions to maximize the benefits in terms of balance and reducing risk of falls."[351]
- Increased risk of Alzheimer's disease.[352][353] See: Obesity and Alzheimer's disease
- Increased morbidity risk.[354]
Obesity and increases in cancer risk
The South China Morning Post reported that according the British medical journal Lancet:
“ | Each five kg/m {+2} increase in BMI was clearly linked with higher risk of cancers of the uterus (62 per cent increase), gallbladder (31 per cent), kidney (25 per cent), cervix (10 per cent), thyroid (9 per cent), and leukemia (9 per cent)," said the statement. Higher BMI also increased the risk of cancer of the liver (19 per cent), colon (10 per cent), ovaries (9 per cent) and breast (5 per cent), although the effect on these types was influenced by other factors."[355] | ” |
According to Cancer Risk UK, "More than one in three people in the UK will be diagnosed with some form of cancer during their lifetime".[356]
Increased morbidity risk
On September 2, 2014, the New York Times wrote concerning Britain:
“ | In high-income countries, excess weight is the third-leading risk factor in death. The importance of addressing this was brought home again last month with the publication of a new study and editorial, also in The Lancet. The work looked at 22 different cancers in Britain and their association with body mass index (B.M.I.), a simple but more effective measure of obesity than weight alone. The conclusions of the study, which involved a whopping 5.24 million people, were both notable and not entirely unexpected: When adjusted for factors like age and smoking, a higher B.M.I. was associated with a large increase in risk of cancers of the uterus, kidney, gallbladder, and liver, and smaller risk increases for at least six other types of cancer.[357] | ” |
Obesity and Alzheimer's disease
See also: Obesity and Alzheimer's disease
In 2005, WebMD published:
“ | People with diabetes are at particularly high risk of Alzheimer's disease. But now there's strong evidence that people with high insulin levels -- long before they get diabetes -- already are on the road to Alzheimer's disease.
As the body becomes more and more overweight, it becomes more and more resistant to the blood-sugar-lowering effects of insulin. To counter this insulin resistance, the body keeps making more insulin... Insulin Triggers Amyloid Buildup High insulin levels are known to cause blood vessels to become inflamed.... One dangerous effect of this insulin-caused brain inflammation is increased brain levels of beta-amyloid. Beta-amyloid is the twisted protein that's the main ingredient in the sticky plaques that clog the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease. "What was striking was the magnitude of the effect," Craft tells WebMD. "Inflammation can be a result of amyloid elevations but can also create an environment in which amyloid is made more readily. Inflammation can be both the result and cause of amyloid production."[358] |
” |
A 2009 health report on a medical study indicated:
“ | They compared the brain scan of 94 people in their 70s who were obese & overweight. They found that the obese had lost tissue in the frontal & temporal lobes areas critical for planning & memory. Declines were also seen in areas used for attention & executive functions, long term memory & movement
A neurologist Professor Paul Thompson said, “That's a big loss of tissue and it depletes your cognitive reserves, putting you at much greater risk of Alzheimer's and other diseases that attack the brain. But you can greatly reduce your risk for Alzheimer's if you can eat healthily and keep your weight under control.”M[359] |
” |
Health effects of Alzheimer's disease
See also: Effects of Alzheimer's disease on the brain
Alzheimer's disease is "characterised by loss of neurons and synapses in the cerebral cortex and certain subcortical regions. This loss results in gross atrophy of the affected regions, including degeneration in the temporal lobe and parietal lobe, and parts of the frontal cortex and cingulate gyrus.[360] Some of the primary symptoms of Alzheimer's disease are: memory problems, mood swings, emotional outbursts, brain stem damage which impairs function in the heart, lungs plus causes disruption of various other bodily processes.[361]
An abstract of the medical study entitled Measures to Assess the Noncognitive Symptoms of Dementia in the Primary Care Setting by Brent P. Forester, M.D. and Thomas E. Oxman, M.D. inidcated "Noncognitive symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias include psychosis, mood disturbances, personality changes, agitation, aggression, pacing, wandering, altered sexual behavior, changed sleep patterns, and appetite disturbances. These noncognitive symptoms of dementia are common, disabling to both the patient and the caregiver, and costly."[362]
According to the Center for Neuro Skills:
“ | Kolb & Wishaw (1990) have identified eight principle symptoms of temporal lobe damage: 1) disturbance of auditory sensation and perception, 2) disturbance of selective attention of auditory and visual input, 3) disorders of visual perception, 4) impaired organization and categorization of verbal material, 5) disturbance of language comprehension, 6) impaired long-term memory, 7) altered personality and affective behavior, 8) altered sexual behavior.[363] | ” |
Obesity, dementia, Alzheimer's disease and prevention
For more information please see: Alzheimer's disease and prevention
Weili Xu, a researcher at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, declared: "Our results contribute to the growing evidence that controlling body weight or losing weight in middle age could reduce your risk of dementia".[364]
For more information see: Alzheimer's disease and prevention
Irreligion and undisciplined pseudoscientific thinking
For more information please see: Irreligion and superstition and Atheism and morality and Atheist hypocrisy
Science through the disciplines of nutritional science, exercise science and medical science provides a wealth of information on how to avoid obesity and how to achieve a healthy weight. Also, as noted earlier, obesity is positively associated with impulsiveness, lower self-discipline and neuroticism.[366] Furthermore, as mentioned earlier, many people overeat in response to negative emotions such as depression, anger, anxiety and boredom.[367][368][369] In addition, no doubt some godless people have difficulty resisting the sins/temptations of gluttony and sloth. As far as prevailing over temptation, the Bible teaches that one of the gifts of the Holy Spirit is self-control (Galatians 5: 23).
In September of 2008, the Wall Street Journal reported:
“ | The reality is that the New Atheist campaign, by discouraging religion, won't create a new group of intelligent, skeptical, enlightened beings. Far from it: It might actually encourage new levels of mass superstition. And that's not a conclusion to take on faith -- it's what the empirical data tell us.
"What Americans Really Believe," a comprehensive new study released by Baylor University yesterday, shows that traditional Christian religion greatly decreases belief in everything from the efficacy of palm readers to the usefulness of astrology. It also shows that the irreligious and the members of more liberal Protestant denominations, far from being resistant to superstition, tend to be much more likely to believe in the paranormal and in pseudoscience than evangelical Christians.... This is not a new finding. In his 1983 book "The Whys of a Philosophical Scrivener," skeptic and science writer Martin Gardner cited the decline of traditional religious belief among the better educated as one of the causes for an increase in pseudoscience, cults and superstition. He referenced a 1980 study published in the magazine Skeptical Inquirer that showed irreligious college students to be by far the most likely to embrace paranormal beliefs, while born-again Christian college students were the least likely.[370] |
” |
The notions of extraterrestrial life and UFOlogy are fast growing pseudoscientific religions perpetuated and/or aided by evolutionists, atheists, liberals and other promoters of quackery.[371][372] However, the ideologies of UFOlogy, extraterrestrial life, exobiology, evolution and abiogenesis are anti-biblical ideas which are not supported by sound science. [373][374] Since World War II a majority of the most prominent and vocal defenders of the evolutionary position which employs methodological naturalism have been atheists.[375]
The agnostic and liberal Carl Sagan, an avid smoker of marijuana who claimed that marijuana gave him scientific insights, was a prominent peddler of extraterrestial life, evolution and other pseudoscientific nonsense.
No doubt pseudoscientific and superstitious thinking in many cases is partly due to a lack of self-discipline as rigorous scientific and logical thinking requires disciplined thought..[376]
Irreligious/atheistic France and the Soviet Union and UFOlogy
Astronomer Dr. Hugh Ross states that ninety-nine percent of what people have told him were UFOs, experienced astronomers can identify as a star, cluster, or other object in the night sky. The 1 percent of sightings, which he calls residual UFOs, have attracted his attention. [377] According to Dr. Ross very few astronomers have seen "residual UFOs".[377]
The following Toledo Blade newspaper excerpt[377] summarizes Dr. Ross's findings:
“ | In 1969, however, Dr. Ross met two astronomers who were having regular UFO encounters. Both also happened to be involved in occult activity.
Upon investigation, Dr. Ross consistently found a connection between occult involvement and residual UFO encounters. For example, he said, countries with a high degree of occult activity such as Russia during the Soviet era, France, and certain parts of Brazil also had high percentages of UFO encounters. During Russia's Soviet period when every expression of religion except occult activity had been outlawed, he said, “Russians were seeing UFOs at five to eight times the rate Americans were. |
” |
Christian and Library of Congress researcher's explanations of reports of UFOs
Christian apologists who reject naturalistic explanations of life such as the theory of evolution argue that difficult to explain UFOs are spiritual in nature and not amenable to naturalistic explanation.[378] Gary Bates of Creation Ministries International wrote a book entitled Alien Intrusion which gives a biblical Christian perspective on the unscientific notions of extraterrestial life and UFUlogy.[379]
Lynn Cato, senior bibliographer for the library of Congress, created a 1600 entry on UFO bibliography for the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research. After a two year investigation, in which she reviewed thousands of documents, Catoe stated:
“ | A large part of the available UFO literature...deals with subjects like mental telepathy, automatic writing and invisible entities...poltergeist manifestations and 'possession'....Many of the UFO reports now being published in the popular press recount alleged incidents that are strikingly similar to demonic possession and psychic phenomenon which have long been known to theologians and parapsychologists.[380][381] | ” |
Prominent UFO researcher John Keel concurred. After surveying the literature on demonology Keel declared:[381]
“ | The manifestations and occurrences described in this imposing literature are similar if not entirely identical to the UFO phenomenon itself. | ” |
Implications of explosive growth of global Christianity plus health benefits of religious practice
see also: Atheist population and Atheism and health
In 2011, the American Spectator citing research published in the International Bulletin of Missionary Research reported that atheism is on the decline as a whole in terms of adherents.[382]
The American Spectator declared:
“ | The report estimates about 80,000 new Christians every day, 79,000 new Muslims every day, and 300 fewer atheists every day. These atheists are presumably disproportionately represented in the West, while religion is thriving in the Global South, where charismatic Christianity is exploding."[383] | ” |
For more information please see: Atheism and health
The Apostle Paul on the sin of gluttony
"One of themselves, a prophet of their own, said, 'Cretans are always liars, evil beasts, lazy gluttons.'" - Apostle Paul, (Titus 1:12 NASB)
"Whose end is destruction, whose God is their belly, and whose glory is in their shame, who mind earthly things." - Apostle Paul, (Philippians 3:19 KJV)
Chuck Norris on the topic of obesity
See also: Chuck Norris on the topic of obesity
In April of 2011, the conservative Christian Chuck Norris wrote:
“ | The problems with being overweight and obese go far beyond looks. They affect our mentality, mobility and can lead to a number of physical diseases and ailments...
It's true that genetics, environment, socio-economic status, metabolism and behavior can be contributors to these ailments. But the fact is most Americans are overweight and obese because they eat poorly and don't exercise. Most of our foods are super high in fats, sugars and salt. And, compared to other countries, we eat much larger portions. We live to eat – most other cultures eat to live. The primary reason obesity statistics and these subsequent illnesses are so high is that our culture is entrenched in hedonism, which means we are all about pleasure. We go where we feel like going. We do what we feel like doing. We watch what we feel like watching. And we eat what we feel like eating. And God help the soul who tells us to do otherwise... ... We think doing what we feel like doing is power and freedom, when really it's just carrying out what our flesh craves. True freedom is being able to look straight in the eye of what you feel like doing (even if it's wrong) and possessing the power to say no. Eating what we want isn't liberty – that's tyranny. Eating what is right is freedom – that's victory over oppression. And triumph over the tummy should be our next battle. Fighting for a better America includes fighting for a healthier, fitter, combat-ready you. (That is why my new cultural warrior book, "Black Belt Patriotism," contains an entire chapter on helping you win the consumption war and not just the culture wars.[385] |
” |
Overcoming obesity with the aid of Christian faith
See also: Overcoming obesity with the aid of Christian faith and Ex-homosexuals and Atheism and morality
Although effective diets, exercise, or medical interventions can rid a person of excess weight, often merely having effective methods available to lose weight is not enough - very frequently, it takes self-discipline as well.
Besetting sins such as gluttony, sloth, homosexuality and drug addiction can certainly be more effectively conquered with the assistance of Christian faith and self-discipline. And of course, in the area of weight loss, through diet and exercise well. Peter LaBarbera is the President of Americans for Truth which is an organization which counters the homosexual agenda. Peter LaBarbera declared concerning Christian ex-homosexuals who reported being transformed by the power of God:
“ | Another factor from my experience as a close observer of the “ex-gay” phenomenon is that many former homosexuals do not linger in “reparative therapy” programs, or participate in them at all. They attribute their dramatic and (relatively) rapid transformation to the power of God, and likely would not show up in a study of this kind. In fact, these “unstudied” overcomers would appear to be the most successful ex-homosexuals because they’ve moved on with their lives — as “reborn” Christians move on after overcoming any besetting sin.[386] | ” |
In 1980 a study was published in the American Journal of Psychiatry and eleven men participated in a study about men overcoming homosexuality. The American Journal of Psychiatry stated that eleven homosexual men became heterosexuals "without explicit treatment and/or long-term psychotherapy" through their participation in a Pentecostal church.[387]
See also
- Atheist hypocrisy
- Atheism and morality
- Atheism and hedonism
- Atheism and social outcasts
- Atheism and irrationality
Obese atheists and overweight atheists comedy and satire
- PZ Myers embarrasses himself at the Creation Museum
- Professor PZ Myers fails his applied biology course
- Penn Jillette's walrus slide vs. thin Christian lady dancers
- Gallery of obese atheists
- Comedy and satires concerning atheism and evolution (large collection of comedy/satire concerning atheism and evolution)
- Overweight atheists comedy and satire
- The Surgeon General of Atheism and excess weight!
- Atheist Penn Jillette, you're still overweight! What happened?
- Prominent atheists weighed on the scales and found wanting
- Athbesity
- PZ Myers vs. C.S. Lewis
- Essay: PZ Myers finally looks more like Ken Ham
- PZ Myers' greatest fear
- Richard Dawkins, obesity has enveloped your marketing campaign
- Where was neuroscientist Sam Harris when the New Atheists needed him?
- Western atheists sumo wrestling - survival of the fattest?
- Obese atheists, you can't run and you can't hide!
- PZ Myers evolved into a pig
- If you're so smart PZ Myers, then why are you so fat?
- More kimchi please
- A reply to atheist and evolutionist PZ Myers
- Obese atheist pet owners
- Slim atheists' convention
- Obese atheists heaven
See also
Articles related the health sciences, health related information and medical history:
- Atheism and health
- Obesity and Depression in the Enlightenment
- Nutritional science
- Exercise science
- Medical science
Other related articles:
- Atheism and morality
- Atheism and bestiality
- Atheism, pederasty and NAMBLA
- Irreligion and superstition
- Atheism and deception
- Atheism and cowardice
- Atheism and mass murder
- Atheism and suicide
- Atheist whining
Replies to specific atheists:
Penn Jilltette:
- Atheism and cowardice (see his unwillingness to debate to two Christians)
- Conservapedia's debate challenge to Penn Jillette
- Penn Jillette's refusal to accept my debate offer
- Penn Jillette, here is the evidence you claim you need to debate me
- Conservapedia's reply to atheist Penn Jillette
Penn Jillette, comedy/satire
- Penn Jillette, don't just stand there! Do something!
- Penn Jillette's walrus slide vs. thin Indian Christian lady dancers
- Indian Christian culture is better than low class atheist "culture"
- Atheist Penn Jillette, you're still overweight! What happened?
Penn Jillette, video:
- Conservapedia challenges atheist Penn Jillette to debate - YouTube video
- Atheist Penn Jillete - new magic trick - turns himself into a chicken - YouTube video
PZ Myers:
PZ Myers, comedy/satire
External links
- The 6 Weight-Loss Tips That Science Actually Knows Work - Forbes, April 9, 2013
- Long-term weight loss maintenance, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2005 July; 82(1 Suppl):222S-225S.
Negative effects of being overweight/obese:
- Obesity Linked to Changes In Cognitive Patterns
- As Waistlines Widen, Brains Shrink
- Body-mass index and mortality among 1.46 million white adults
Weight loss resources and tips:
- Obesity and an F grade in fat - A need for faith in God
- Weight-loss goals: 10 tips for success by Mayo Clinic
- Zone Diet
- Mediterranean diet by Mayo Clinic
- Glycemic index diet: Losing weight with blood sugar control by Mayo Clinic
Strength training and cardio exercise:
- Weight loss: Cardio Exercise vs. Weight Training - Vanderbilt University, Health Psychology Home Page
- Strength Training For Weight Loss Success by Deborah L. Mullen, CSCS
How much exercise is needed to lose weight and importance of one day of rest per week:
- How much exercise is needed to get fit and lose weight
- Workout tips and giving your body one day of rest a week
- Exercise and recovery time
- Muscle recovery time and weight lifting
- Lose weight fast: How to do it safely by WebMD
Documentary on weight loss:
Notes
- ↑ Causes of obesity
- ↑ http://www.gallup.com/poll/145379/Religious-Americans-Lead-Healthier-Lives.aspx
- ↑ http://www.gallup.com/poll/145379/Religious-Americans-Lead-Healthier-Lives.aspx
- ↑ http://www.gallup.com/poll/145379/Religious-Americans-Lead-Healthier-Lives.aspx
- ↑ http://www.gallup.com/poll/145379/Religious-Americans-Lead-Healthier-Lives.aspx
- ↑ http://www.gallup.com/poll/145379/Religious-Americans-Lead-Healthier-Lives.aspx
- ↑ Religion, Self-Regulation, and Self-Control: Associations, Explanations, and Implications
- ↑ Religion, Self-Regulation, and Self-Control: Associations, Explanations, and Implications
- ↑ Religion Replenishes Self-Control, Psychological Science, June 2012 vol. 23 no. 6 635-642, Kevin Rounding, Albert Lee, Jill A. Jacobson and Li-Jun Ji at Queen’s University
- ↑ Study finds religion helps us gain self-control
- ↑ Religious involvement and mortality: a meta-analytic review. McCullough ME, Hoyt WT, Larson DB, Koenig HG, Thoresen C., Health Psychol. 2000 May;19(3):211-22.
- ↑ The role of spirituality in health care, roc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2001 October; 14(4): 352–357.
- ↑
- Personality traits and eating behavior in the obese: poor self-control in emotional and external eating but personality assets in restrained eating
- Eating styles, self-control and obesity indicators. The moderating role of obesity status and dieting history on restrained eating
- Wellspring Camps - Obesity research
- ↑
- ↑ http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/obesity/
- ↑ http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/obesity?show=0&t=1293887890
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/obesity/DS00314/DSECTION=causes
- ↑
- Causes of obesity - Mayo Clinic
- How much exercise is needed to get fit and lose weight
- Genes Are Not Destiny - Harvard University School of Public health
- The 6 Weight-Loss Tips That Science Actually Knows Work - Forbes, April 9, 2013
- Long-term weight loss maintenance, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2005 July; 82(1 Suppl):222S-225S.
- Strength Training For Weight Loss Success by Deborah L. Mullen, CSCS
- Weight loss strategies for success - Mayo Clinic
- ↑ http://www.gotquestions.org/gluttony-sin.html
- ↑ Sloth - Open Bible
- ↑ http://carm.org/christianity/sermons/1-corinthians-619-20-your-body-his-temple
- ↑ Fierce, Freethinking Fatties - Press
- ↑ http://www.mygenes.co.nz/PDFs/Ch6.pdf
- ↑
- Causes of obesity - Mayo Clinic
- How much exercise is needed to get fit and lose weight
- Genes Are Not Destiny - Harvard University School of Public health
- The 6 Weight-Loss Tips That Science Actually Knows Work - Forbes, April 9, 2013
- Long-term weight loss maintenance, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2005 July; 82(1 Suppl):222S-225S.
- Strength Training For Weight Loss Success by Deborah L. Mullen, CSCS
- Weight loss strategies for success - Mayo Clinic
- ↑
- Personality traits and eating behavior in the obese: poor self-control in emotional and external eating but personality assets in restrained eating
- Eating styles, self-control and obesity indicators. The moderating role of obesity status and dieting history on restrained eating
- Wellspring Camps - Obesity research
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21174323
- ↑ http://www.obesitypsychiatry.com/id2.html
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17262813
- ↑ http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2011/01/01/anger-at-god-common-even-among-atheists/
- ↑ http://www.godisforus.com/information/worldview/god/perfection.htm
- ↑ Why do atheists hate God?
- ↑ World Health Organization - obesity fact sheet
- ↑ World Health Organization - obesity fact sheet
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.com/content/76/12/1225.full.pdf
- ↑
- Religious Involvement, Spirituality, and Medicine: Implications for Clinical Practice - Mayo Clinic
- Research on Spirituality, Theology and Health - Duke University
- The psycho-social benefits of religious practice by Ona Institute
- Religion, Self-Regulation, and Self-Control: Associations, Explanations, and Implications
- Research Shows Religion Plays A Major Role In Health, Longevity - Science Daily, 1999
- Religious Affiliation and Suicide Attempt - The American Journal of Psychiatry
- Psychology researcher says spiritual meaning of Christmas brings more happiness than materialism - Scienceblog and University of Warwick
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.com/content/76/12/1225.full.pdf
- ↑ The psycho-social benefits of religious practice by Iona Institute
- ↑ McCullogh ME, Larson DB, Hoyt WT. et al. (2000). Religious involvement and mortality: a meta-analytic review. Health Psychology. 19, 3. 211-222
- ↑ Strength of Religious Faith of Athletes and Nonathletes at Two NCAA Division III Institutions
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/obesity/DS00314/DSECTION=causes
- ↑ Strength of Religious Faith of Athletes and Nonathletes at Two NCAA Division III Institutions
- ↑ Strength of Religious Faith of Athletes and Nonathletes at Two NCAA Division III Institutions
- ↑ Long-term weight loss maintenance, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2005 July; 82(1 Suppl):222S-225S.
- ↑ http://www.jmir.org/2009/3/e28/
- ↑ How the Atheist Movement Failed Me – Part 1: Cost
- ↑ How to outlaw Christianity by Chuck Norris
- ↑ http://www.jmir.org/2009/3/e28/
- ↑ http://www.jmir.org/2009/3/e28/
- ↑ in Seattle, PZ Myers Reflects Candidly on His Constituency
- ↑
- Top 50 Countries With Highest Proportion of Atheists / Agnostics (Zuckerman, 2005)
- A surprising map of where the world’s atheists live, Washington Post By Max Fisher and Caitlin Dewey May 23, 2013
- ↑ As Obesity Rises, Chinese Kids Are Almost as Fat as Americans, Wall Street Journal Chinarealtime, May 29, 2014
- ↑ Chubby China: Nation of 300 Million Overweight People
- ↑ Obesity is a growing concern in China By Pang Li, China.org.cn, September 14, 2012
- ↑ Is Christianity taking over the planet?
- ↑ 2000 YEARS OF CHRISTIAN INCREASE
- ↑
- ↑ Is Christianity taking over the planet?
- ↑ Is Christianity taking over the planet?
- ↑ http://www.wnd.com/?pageId=30077
- ↑
- ↑ World's fattest countries
- ↑ Traditional African diets are healthier than Western diets, Today's Nutrition
- ↑ The African apostles: How Christianity exploded in 20th-century Africa
- ↑
- ↑ http://www.gallup.com/poll/145379/Religious-Americans-Lead-Healthier-Lives.aspx
- ↑ 1 Corinthians: The Troubled Church
- ↑ 2 Corinthians: Introduction, Argument, and Outline
- ↑ The Protestant Work Ethic: Alive & Well…In China
- ↑ About Jen McCreight
- ↑ Women in Secularism
- ↑ Those fatty McFatFat atheists! by Jen McCreight
- ↑ Jen McCreight - We Are Atheism
- ↑
- Those fatty McFatFat atheists! by Jen McCreight
- Effects of Socioeconomic Factors on Obesity Rates in Four Southern States and Colorado
- For Women in the U.S., Obesity Links to Socioeconomic Status and Poor Diet
- Relationship Between Poverty and Overweight or Obesity
- Obesity statistics reveal glaring health disparities among minorities
- U.S. Office of Minority Health - Obesity and African Americans
- Cultural factors implicated in obesity, says study
- Culture matters in the obesity debate
- Influence of Race, Ethnicity, and Culture on Childhood Obesity: Implications for Prevention and Treatment
- What makes a state fat or thin? - Discovery.com
- Obesity rising; Southern states have highest rates - CNN
- ↑ Why Atheists Have a Serious Problem With Women
- ↑ Are Women Afraid Of Atheism?
- ↑ http://www.flickr.com/photos/alan-light/229583104/
- ↑ American Atheists Board of Directors
- ↑ Want to Be CEO? What's Your BMI?
- ↑ Atheist Achilles Heels: Objective Morality and Sacred Life
- ↑ The “objective morality” gotcha
- ↑ The Mad Scientist City Pages, Volume 26 - Issue 1303, November 23, 2005 Cover story
- ↑ http://www.flickr.com/photos/reuvenim/4426093513/
- ↑ http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2010/08/thats_not_a_heart_its_a_flaili.php?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+scienceblogs%2Fpharyngula+%28Pharyngula%29&utm_content=Google+Reader
- ↑
- Obesity Linked to Changes In Cognitive Patterns, Psychiatric News, Joan Arehart-Treichel, Clinical and Research News, September 15, 2006
- As Waistlines Widen, Brains Shrink: The obese and overweight have less neurological tissue, study finds, U.S News & World Report August 25, 2009
- Western diet consumption and cognitive impairment: links to hippocampal dysfunction and obesity, Physiol Behav. 2011 Apr 18;103(1):59-68. Epub 2010 Dec 16.
- Obesity Harms Women's Memory and Brain Function, Study Finds, Science Daily, July 15, 2010
- Mental health, family function and obesity in African-American women, J Natl Med Assoc. 2005 April; 97(4): 478–482.
- Obesity and Alzheimer's: High Insulin Levels Linked to Alzheimer's
- Obese people are more at risk of Alzheimer’s
- Obesity in Middle Age May Increase Risk of Dementia
- ↑ http://pn.psychiatryonline.org/content/41/18/25.1.full
- ↑ http://health.usnews.com/health-news/family-health/brain-and-behavior/articles/2009/08/25/as-waistlines-widen-brains-shrink.html
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21121834
- ↑ http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2011/06/the_final_tally_on_the_camp_qu.php
- ↑ MailVox: Who said atheists are fat?.
- ↑ At least you can see a hint of what you missed
- ↑ "Creation Museum: Is This How World Began?" (ABC News)
- ↑ PZ Myers - Global Atheist Convention 2010
- ↑
- Obesity Linked to Changes In Cognitive Patterns, Psychiatric News, Joan Arehart-Treichel, Clinical and Research News, September 15, 2006
- As Waistlines Widen, Brains Shrink: The obese and overweight have less neurological tissue, study finds, U.S News & World Report August 25, 2009
- Western diet consumption and cognitive impairment: links to hippocampal dysfunction and obesity, Physiol Behav. 2011 Apr 18;103(1):59-68. Epub 2010 Dec 16.
- Obesity Harms Women's Memory and Brain Function, Study Finds, Science Daily, July 15, 2010
- Mental health, family function and obesity in African-American women, J Natl Med Assoc. 2005 April; 97(4): 478–482.
- Obesity and Alzheimer's: High Insulin Levels Linked to Alzheimer's
- Obese people are more at risk of Alzheimer’s
- Obesity in Middle Age May Increase Risk of Dementia
- ↑ http://www.counterpunch.org/mccarthy02212003.html
- ↑ Christopher Hitchens: Despite Cancer, I'd Drink & Smoke Again
- ↑ http://ac360.blogs.cnn.com/2010/08/07/video-extended-interview-hitchens-on-cancer-and-atheism/
- ↑ Why did Hitchens continue to smoke & drink during treatment? -CTV News
- ↑ Christopher Hitchens: Despite Cancer, I'd Drink & Smoke Again
- ↑ Picture of an overweight Christopher Hitchens smoking a cigarette
- ↑ National Institute of Health - Obesity and Cancer Risk
- ↑ http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/dennett06/dennett06_index.html
- ↑ http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4484
- ↑
- ↑ http://lifewithoutfaith.com/?p=183
- ↑ Huffington Post, May 2012
- ↑ http://www.colorado.edu/philosophy/vstenger/battle.html
- ↑ Fattest Countries in the World
- ↑ The History Of Obesity Timeline
- ↑ http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/pe/exs190web/exs190history.htm
- ↑ Richard Leakey(1983). One Life: An Autobiography (p. 38)
- ↑ http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Richard_Leakey.jpg
- ↑ http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761596369/Niles_Eldredge.html
- ↑ http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/bios/eldredge.html
- ↑ http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761596369/Niles_Eldredge.html
- ↑ Ultra-Darwinism and Creation’s Sabbath: An Interview with Conor Cunningham, Part I by Conor Cunningham & Eric Austin Lee on Wednesday, March 23, 2011
- ↑ Skeptoid’s Conservapedia Page
- ↑ Larry Moran and "Nice, Friendly, Ignored, and Denigrated Atheists" by Michael Egnor August 14, 2008 8:00 AM
- ↑ http://www.totalgymdirect.com/
- ↑ http://www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=55789
- ↑ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M2WLulSQvYU
- ↑ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M2WLulSQvYU
- ↑ Atheism: A religion of degenerates
- ↑ Atheism: A religion of degenerates
- ↑ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8y3_hrijrHY
- ↑ http://gretachristina.com/personal.html
- ↑ Caught Between Fat and Thin: When a Fat Acceptance Advocate Takes Off the Pounds by Greta Christina
- ↑ Klout profile - Bruce Gerencser
- ↑ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fcNmqGo4jg8
- ↑ Improving the image of atheist - YouTube video
- ↑ http://taslimanasrin.com/
- ↑ http://www.atheistfoundation.org.au/articles/taslima-nasrin-writer-trial
- ↑ http://www.drishtikone.com/node/9364
- ↑ http://www.thegoodatheist.net/2009/06/08/i-love-you-stephen-fry/
- ↑ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1194024/STEPHEN-FRY-How-I-lost-stones-just-months.html
- ↑ http://www.edp24.co.uk/news/stephen_fry_backs_tiny_norfolk_theatre_1_842092
- ↑ January 30, 2012 CBS Stephen Fry interview with Charlie Rose
- ↑ January 30, 2012 CBS Stephen Fry interview with Charlie Rose
- ↑ January 30, 2012 CBS Stephen Fry interview with Charlie Rose
- ↑ Please Note: There is a difference between disliking the perverse practice of homosexuality and fearing it. A distinction which liberal academics pretend doesn't exist - Exploring the relationship between homophobia and participation in core sports for high school students Osborne, D ; Wagner, W, 2007
- ↑ National Public Radio [NPR) review of the book God, No! Signs You May Already Be an Atheist and Other Magical Tales by Penn Jillette
- ↑ http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5015557
- ↑ About Skepchick
- ↑ Amy Davis Roth articles on Skepchick
- ↑ Amy Davis Roth
- ↑ Heina Dadabhoy articles at Skepchick
- ↑ Heina Dadabhoy
- ↑ Heina Dadabhoy - fat acceptance blog post
- ↑ Nick Massey bio at Secular Woman, Inc.
- ↑ Secular Woman Welcomes Niki Massey. Secular Woman Inc. website - September 16, 2014
- ↑ Westboro Atheists
- ↑ Randy Henderson - Flickr
- ↑ Randy Henderson - Flickr
- ↑ Tom Leykis - Atheist of the week
- ↑ http://lifewithoutfaith.com/?p=183
- ↑ http://www.flickr.com/photos/martystone/3435459032
- ↑ Huffington Post, May 2012
- ↑ Shelly Mountjoy
- ↑ SSA Summit Day One: Service, Collaboration, and Lessons from Queers, April 28, 2010
- ↑ Shelley Mountjoy Wins American Atheists Scholarship
- ↑ PZ Myers - Science Education: Caught in the Middle in the War Between Science and Religion
- ↑ Atheists gather for a holiday they can believe in: Independence Day
- ↑ Sarah Morehead - Executive Director of Recovering from Religion
- ↑ Dan Fincke - classes
- ↑ Dan Fincke - My deconversion
- ↑ http://www.axleration.com/apple-co-founder-praises-android/
- ↑ http://www.woz.org/letters/general/72.html
- ↑ http://oreilly.com/catalog/opensources/book/stallman.html
- ↑ http://www.accuracyproject.org/cbe-Asimov,Isaac.html
- ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/07/books/isaac-asimov-whose-thoughts-and-books-traveled-the-universe-is-dead-at-72.html?scp=7&sq=Asimov+Isaac&st=cse
- ↑ Cryogenesis: A Review, Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Science, In Winter 2012/ March 11, 2012
- ↑ Heaven for atheists - TheHumanist.com
- ↑ Cryonics and critics, The Cryonics Society
- ↑ The Great Debate: Greg Bahnsen vs Gordon Stein
- ↑ Bahnsen at the Stein debate by John Frame
- ↑ "The Great Debate: Does God Exist?" or The Great Debate: Does God Exist? - Dr. Greg Bahnsen versus Dr. Gordon Stein - Audio of a formal debate between Christian Greg Bahnsen and skeptic Gordon Stein at the University of California, Irvine.
- ↑ http://www.moreorless.au.com/killers/kim-il-sung.html
- ↑ http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/mao-zedong-56.php
- ↑ http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204791104577107891655666650.html?mod=googlenews_wsj
- ↑ http://www.foxnews.com/world/2011/12/21/north-koreas-kim-jong-eun-flexes-muscles-with-first-military-order/
- ↑ N.Korean Leader Getting Fatter
- ↑ http://www.moreorless.au.com/killers/kim-il-sung.html
- ↑ http://www.nndb.com/people/261/000024189/
- ↑ http://www.foxnews.com/world/2011/12/18/north-korean-leader-kim-jong-il-6-has-died/
- ↑ http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2007/12/09/q_and_a_with_mikhail_gorbachev/
- ↑ http://www.startribune.com/world/17103526.html
- ↑ http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1883.html
- ↑ http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Malenkow.jpg
- ↑ George Melly's battle with cancer and dementia
- ↑ http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-19211298.html
- ↑ George Melly's battle with cancer and dementia
- ↑ George Melly's battle with cancer and dementia
- ↑ http://postednotes.blogspot.com/2006/07/dara-obriain-atheist-catholic.html
- ↑ http://www.literaryconnections.co.uk/resources/duffy.html
- ↑ http://newhumanist.org.uk/920/line-of-beauty-laurie-taylor-interviews-edmund-white
- ↑ http://www.enotes.com/edmund-white-salem/edmund-white
- ↑ http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/andrewbrown/2009/jan/11/religion-amis-hates-god
- ↑ http://www.bookrags.com/wiki/Kingsley_Amis
- ↑ http://www.bookrags.com/wiki/Kingsley_Amis
- ↑ http://science.howstuffworks.com/dictionary/famous-scientists/chemists/alexander-ivanovich-oparin-info.htm
- ↑ http://www.amazon.co.uk/Hungarian-Atheists-George-Koestler-Schwimmer/dp/1155532643
- ↑ http://www.neilschaeffer.com/sade/bibliography/quills.htm
- ↑ http://www.reference.com/browse/bloody-noun
- ↑ http://articles.cnn.com/2006-11-24/entertainment/tbr.ditto_1_fat-people-beth-ditto-voice?_s=PM:SHOWBIZ
- ↑ The Sunday Times (London), February 4, 2007, Features; Style; Pg. 10
- ↑ http://articles.cnn.com/2006-11-24/entertainment/tbr.ditto_1_fat-people-beth-ditto-voice?_s=PM:SHOWBIZ
- ↑ Michigan State University Professor Strips Naked In Class, Police Arrive To Escort Him To Hospital
- ↑ The intellectual atheist
- ↑ Millennials in Adulthood - Pew Research Center
- ↑ A Theology of Body, by Pastor James Hein
- ↑ Mom of 3 called a bully for posting ‘What’s Your Excuse?’ fitness photo by Tract Miller, New York Daily News, Wednesday, October 16, 2013, 11:30 AM
- ↑ Maria Kang - about
- ↑ Religion among the millenials, Pew Research Center
- ↑ Millennials: Are They Healthier than Earlier Generations?
- ↑ The Transformation of Generation X: Shifts in Religious and Political Self Identification, The Transformation of Generation X: Shifts in Religious and Political Self-Identification, 1990-2008, Barry A. Kosmin & Juhem Navarro-Rivera
- ↑ Gen-X Are More Likely to Have Diabetes Than Baby Boomers By Jason Gale 2014-03-27T00:47:24Z
- ↑ Losing religion at college? New study flips the common wisdom
- ↑ Schwadel, Philip (2011). The Effects of Education on Americans’ Religious Practices, Beliefs, and Affiliations. DOI:10.1007/s13644-011-0007-4. “education positively affects religious participation, devotional activities, and emphasizing the importance of religion in daily life; (3) education positively affects switching religious affiliations, particularly to a mainline Protestant denomination, but not disaffiliation; (4) education is positively associated with questioning the role of religion in secular society but not with support for curbing the public opinions of religious leaders; and (5) the effects of education on religious beliefs and participation vary across religious traditions. Education does influence Americans’ religious beliefs and activities, but the effects of education on religion are complex.”
- ↑ Jim Kavanagh (11 August 2011). Study: More educated tend to be more religious, by some measures. CNN. ““With more years of education, you aren’t relatively more likely to say, ‘I don’t believe in God,’” he said. “But you are relatively more likely to say, ‘I believe in a higher power.’””
- ↑ The more education people receive, the more religious they become?. Daily Mail (12 August 2011). “By analyzing data from a large national survey, sociologist Philip Schwadel of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln found that people tend to become more religious - by certain definitions - as they further their education. The survey also qualified what concept of God or a 'higher power' individuals held, as well as whether they had any doubts. Mr Schwadel said that: 'With more years of education, you aren’t relatively more likely to say, "I don’t believe in God," but you are relatively more likely to say, "I believe in a higher power."'”
- ↑ More is More When it Comes to Education and Religion, Study Says. Christian Post (13 August 2011). “Sociologist Philip Schwadel from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) studied this phenomenon. He discovered that people today tend to become more religious as they further their education.”
- ↑ Higher education and income levels keys to better health, according to annual report on nation's health
- ↑ Grad School Admissions Negatively Affected By High BMI, Study Finds
- ↑
- ↑ [http://www.people-press.org/2011/11/03/section-1-how-generations-have-changed/ The Generation Gap and the 2012 Election Section 1: How Generations Have Changed]
- ↑ Baby Boomers Are Fatter And Lazier Than Their Parents' Generation
- ↑ http://americansfortruth.com/news/homosexuality-and-atheism.html
- ↑ http://americansfortruth.com/2011/06/24/wrong-diagnosis-wrong-cure-harvey-assails-cdcs-pro-gay-youth-spin/#more-9505
- ↑ http://bible.org/article/homosexuality-christian-perspective
- ↑ Feds Spend $1.5 Million to Study Why Lesbians Are Fat - CNS News
- ↑ 230.0 230.1 Overweight and Obesity in Sexual-Minority Women: Evidence From Population-Based Data, Ulrike Boehmer, Deborah J. Bowen, Greta R. Bauer, American Journal of Public Health, 2007 Jun;97(6):1134-40. E pub 2007 Apr 26.
- ↑ http://www.chacha.com/question/what-is-a-chub
- ↑ Fierce, Freethinking Fatties - Press
- ↑ Caught Between Fat and Thin: When a Fat Acceptance Advocate Takes Off the Pounds by Greta Christina
- ↑ Willett, Julie (2010). TheAmerican Beauty Industry Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 0313359490. , page 14
- ↑ Caught Between Fat and Thin: When a Fat Acceptance Advocate Takes Off the Pounds by Greta Christina
- ↑ Caught Between Fat and Thin: When a Fat Acceptance Advocate Takes Off the Pounds by Greta Christina
- ↑ [Pretty Little Lies: Why I Loved the Fat Lady Episode of ‘Louie]
- ↑ Heina Dadabhoy - fat acceptance blog post
- ↑ Fierce, Freethinking Fatties - Press
- ↑ Fierce, Freethinking Fatties - Our Philosophy
- ↑ Thin Privilege. Yes, It Does Exist, June 3, 2010, Fierce Freethinking Fatties website
- ↑ Fatphobia and Body Dissatisfaction: Different Conversations - Skepchick website
- ↑ 20+ Examples of Thin Privilege - Everyday feminism
- ↑
- Causes of obesity - Mayo Clinic
- How much exercise is needed to get fit and lose weight
- Genes Are Not Destiny - Harvard University School of Public health
- The 6 Weight-Loss Tips That Science Actually Knows Work - Forbes, April 9, 2013
- Long-term weight loss maintenance, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2005 July; 82(1 Suppl):222S-225S.
- Strength Training For Weight Loss Success by Deborah L. Mullen, CSCS
- Weight loss strategies for success - Mayo Clinic
- ↑
- Dr. Don Batten, A Who’s Who of evolutionists Creation 20(1):32, December 1997.
- Jonathan Sarfati, Ph.D.,F.M., Refuting Evolution, Chapter 1, Facts and Bias
- ↑ Darwinism: it was all in the family
- ↑ Darwin and religion
- ↑ Darwinism: it was all in the family
- ↑ http://creation.com/smithsonian-evolution-top-10-consequences
- ↑ Low intelligence causes obesity? What research shows
- ↑
- Obesity Linked to Changes In Cognitive Patterns, Psychiatric News, Joan Arehart-Treichel, Clinical and Research News, September 15, 2006
- As Waistlines Widen, Brains Shrink: The obese and overweight have less neurological tissue, study finds, U.S News & World Report August 25, 2009
- Western diet consumption and cognitive impairment: links to hippocampal dysfunction and obesity, Physiol Behav. 2011 Apr 18;103(1):59-68. Epub 2010 Dec 16.
- Obesity Harms Women's Memory and Brain Function, Study Finds, Science Daily, July 15, 2010
- Mental health, family function and obesity in African-American women, J Natl Med Assoc. 2005 April; 97(4): 478–482.
- Obesity and Alzheimer's: High Insulin Levels Linked to Alzheimer's
- Obese people are more at risk of Alzheimer’s
- Obesity in Middle Age May Increase Risk of Dementia
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21174323
- ↑ http://www.obesitypsychiatry.com/id2.html
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17262813
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18549987
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19433123
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10358430
- ↑ http://www.wellspringcamps.com/obesity_research.html
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.com/content/76/12/1225.full.pdf
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.com/content/76/12/1225.full.pdf
- ↑ http://www.scienceblog.com/community/older/2003/A/20037338.html
- ↑ http://www.dukespiritualityandhealth.org/
- ↑ http://www.dukespiritualityandhealth.org/about/
- ↑ http://www.dukespiritualityandhealth.org/publications/latest.html
- ↑ http://atheistwatch.blogspot.com/2010/10/rejection-of-christianity-and-self.html
- ↑ http://atheistwatch.blogspot.com/2010/10/atheists-and-self-esteem-part-2.html
- ↑ http://www.rcgd.isr.umich.edu/crockerlab/articles/2005_Crocker_Garcia_Self-Esteem_&_Stigma_of_Obesity.pdf
- ↑ http://www.rcgd.isr.umich.edu/crockerlab/articles/2005_Crocker_Garcia_Self-Esteem_&_Stigma_of_Obesity.pdf
- ↑ http://health.usnews.com/health-news/diet-fitness/diet/articles/2011/03/31/health-buzz-fat-stigma-spreading-across-world
- ↑ http://health.usnews.com/health-news/diet-fitness/diet/articles/2011/03/31/health-buzz-fat-stigma-spreading-across-world
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20602903
- ↑ http://www.adherents.com/misc/religion_suicide.html
- ↑ http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/161/12/2303
- ↑ Chubby little emperors, The Economist, June 14th 2014|BEIJING|From the print edition
- ↑ Top 50 Countries With Highest Proportion of Atheists / Agnostics (Zuckerman, 2005)
- ↑ A surprising map of where the world’s atheists live, Washington Post By Max Fisher and Caitlin Dewey May 23, 2013
- ↑ As Obesity Rises, Chinese Kids Are Almost as Fat as Americans, Wall Street Journal Chinarealtime, May 29, 2014
- ↑ Chubby China: Nation of 300 Million Overweight People
- ↑ Chubby China: Nation of 300 Million Overweight People
- ↑ As Obesity Rises, Chinese Kids Are Almost as Fat as Americans, Wall Street Journal Chinarealtime, May 29, 2014
- ↑ Child Obesity Reaches 120 Million in China
- ↑ Obesity is a growing concern in China By Pang Li, China.org.cn, September 14, 2012
- ↑ Rising Chinese Child Obesity and Fat Camps
- ↑ Obesity is a growing concern in China By Pang Li, China.org.cn, September 14, 2012
- ↑ Chubby little emperors, The Economist, June 14th 2014|BEIJING|From the print edition
- ↑ China’s public health crisis The Spectator, Dr. Nick Summerton 25 August 2014 11:08
- ↑ China’s public health crisis The Spectator, Dr. Nick Summerton 25 August 2014 11:08
- ↑ Are there all you can eat buffets in China?
- ↑ Are there all you can eat buffets in China?
- ↑ British girls are FATTEST in western Europe claims alarming new research by The Lancet, Mirror, Ben Burrows, May 29, 2014 10:52
- ↑ World Health Organization - Regional Office for Europe - The challenge of obesity - quick statistics
- ↑
- Dr. Don Batten, A Who’s Who of evolutionists Creation 20(1):32, December 1997.
- Jonathan Sarfati, Ph.D.,F.M., Refuting Evolution, Chapter 1, Facts and Bias
- ↑ Special Eurobarometer, biotechnology, p. 204". Fieldwork: Jan-Feb 2010.
- ↑ UK among worst in western Europe for level of overweight and obese people, The Guardian, Sarah Boseley, Wednesday 28 May 2014
- ↑ UK among worst in western Europe for level of overweight and obese people, The Guardian, Sarah Boseley, Wednesday 28 May 2014
- ↑ British girls are FATTEST in western Europe claims alarming new research by The Lancet, Mirror, Ben Burrows, May 29, 2014 10:52
- ↑ British girls are FATTEST in western Europe claims alarming new research by The Lancet, Mirror, Ben Burrows, May 29, 2014 10:52
- ↑ Japan Has Cut Obesity to 3.5% in a Controversial Way That Wouldn't Fly in America
- ↑ Top 50 Countries With Highest Proportion of Atheists / Agnostics (Zuckerman, 2005)
- ↑ A surprising map of where the world’s atheists live, Washington Post By Max Fisher and Caitlin Dewey May 23, 2013
- ↑ CIA World Factbook - obesity rates by country
- ↑ Sumo wrestling at Japan.org
- ↑ Sumo wrestling at Japan.org
- ↑ Sumo wrestling at Japan.org
- ↑ Sumo Wrestlers Compared to Bodybuilder by Matthew Lee
- ↑ What you can learn from a Sumo Wrestlers Diet - video, Alpha Labs Direct
- ↑ How to eat like a sumo wrestler
- ↑ What you can learn from a Sumo Wrestlers Diet - video, Alpha Labs Direct
- ↑ Sumo shows its hypocrisy
- ↑ Medicine vs. quackery by Atheist Austin Cline
- ↑ Freethoughtblogs.com - A million gods - tags: medicine, quackery
- ↑ http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/biology
- ↑ http://www.americanreligionsurvey-aris.org/reports/NONES_08.pdf
- ↑ http://www.livescience.com/culture/090227-religion-men-women.html
- ↑ http://creation.com/atheism
- ↑ http://conservapedia.com/Atheism_appears_to_be_significantly_less_appealing_to_women#Prominent_general_atheist_websites_appear_to_receive_significantly_less_traffic_from_women
- ↑ http://creation.com/atheism
- ↑ http://creation.com/atheism
- ↑ http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/1/0/9/0/5/p109057_index.html
- ↑ http://www.physorg.com/news199509031.html
- ↑ http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/article/6188
- ↑ http://www.gotquestions.org/household-salvation.html
- ↑ http://blogs.chron.com/believeitornot/2010/06/interfaith_marriages_more_like_1.html
- ↑ A new symbol for atheism, post at Shockawenow blog
- ↑ http://www.americanreligionsurvey-aris.org/reports/NONES_08.pdf
- ↑ http://www.livescience.com/culture/090227-religion-men-women.html
- ↑ http://www.conservapedia.com/Atheism_appears_to_be_significantly_less_appealing_to_women
- ↑ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/3085436/Men-set-to-overtake-women-in-obesity-stakes-official-figures-show.html
- ↑ Yes, My Lord— The Story of Abraham and Sarah
- ↑ The most beautiful women in the Bible
- ↑ How We’ve Been Robbed of Beauty by the Left
- ↑ Religious Americans lead more healthy lives - Gallup Inc.
- ↑ Religion, Self-Regulation, and Self-Control: Associations, Explanations, and Implications
- ↑ Religion Replenishes Self-Control, Psychological Science, June 2012 vol. 23 no. 6 635-642, Kevin Rounding, Albert Lee, Jill A. Jacobson and Li-Jun Ji at Queen’s University
- ↑ Made in the image of God by Russell M. Grigg
- ↑ Yes, My Lord— The Story of Abraham and Sarah
- ↑ Interview with an atheist
- ↑ Interview with an atheist
- ↑ Journal of Health Psychology, A daily diary assessment of female weight stigmatization
- ↑ The inevitable decline of atheism
- ↑
- ↑ National Cancer Institute - Obesity and Cancer risk
- ↑
- Obesity Linked to Changes In Cognitive Patterns, Psychiatric News, Joan Arehart-Treichel, Clinical and Research News, September 15, 2006
- As Waistlines Widen, Brains Shrink: The obese and overweight have less neurological tissue, study finds, U.S News & World Report August 25, 2009
- Western diet consumption and cognitive impairment: links to hippocampal dysfunction and obesity, Physiol Behav. 2011 Apr 18;103(1):59-68. Epub 2010 Dec 16.
- Obesity Harms Women's Memory and Brain Function, Study Finds, Science Daily, July 15, 2010
- Mental health, family function and obesity in African-American women, J Natl Med Assoc. 2005 April; 97(4): 478–482.
- Obesity and Alzheimer's: High Insulin Levels Linked to Alzheimer's
- Obese people are more at risk of Alzheimer’s
- Obesity in Middle Age May Increase Risk of Dementia
- ↑
- Obesity Linked to Changes In Cognitive Patterns, Psychiatric News, Joan Arehart-Treichel, Clinical and Research News, September 15, 2006
- As Waistlines Widen, Brains Shrink: The obese and overweight have less neurological tissue, study finds, U.S News & World Report August 25, 2009
- Western diet consumption and cognitive impairment: links to hippocampal dysfunction and obesity, Physiol Behav. 2011 Apr 18;103(1):59-68. Epub 2010 Dec 16.
- Obesity Harms Women's Memory and Brain Function, Study Finds, Science Daily, July 15, 2010
- Mental health, family function and obesity in African-American women, J Natl Med Assoc. 2005 April; 97(4): 478–482.
- Obesity and Alzheimer's: High Insulin Levels Linked to Alzheimer's
- Obese people are more at risk of Alzheimer’s
- Obesity in Middle Age May Increase Risk of Dementia
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/obesity/DS00314/DSECTION=symptoms
- ↑ Harvard University - School of Public Health, Health risks of obesity
- ↑ How obesity is linked to infertility
- ↑ Why are the years 2012 and 2020 key years for Christian creationists and pro-lifers?
- ↑ Globally the worldviews of atheism and non-religious (agnostic) are declining while global Christianity is exploding in adherents
- ↑ Survey Suggests Obesity May Cause Foot Problems
- ↑ Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, entitled A modeling investigation of obesity and balance recoveryby Sara Louise Matrangola
- ↑ Obesity and Alzheimer's: High Insulin Levels Linked to Alzheimer's
- ↑ Obese people are more at risk of Alzheimer’s
- ↑ Will China Defeat Obesity? By MARK BITTMANSEPT. 2, 2014
- ↑ Obesity increases risk of having 10 common cancers, study shows, South China Morning Post, Thursday, 14 August, 2014, 9:42pm
- ↑ Cancer Risk UK - Lifetime risk of cancer
- ↑ Will China Defeat Obesity? By MARK BITTMANSEPT. 2, 2014
- ↑ Obesity and Alzheimer's: High Insulin Levels Linked to Alzheimer's
- ↑ Obese people are more at risk of Alzheimer’s
- ↑ http://www.news-medical.net/health/Neurodegeneration-in-Alzheimers-and-Parkinsons.aspx
- ↑ http://www.dementiacarecentral.com/node/559
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC419385/
- ↑ http://www.neuroskills.com/tbi/btemporl.shtml
- ↑ Obesity in Middle Age May Increase Risk of Dementia
- ↑ http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122178219865054585.html
- ↑
- Personality traits and eating behavior in the obese: poor self-control in emotional and external eating but personality assets in restrained eating
- Eating styles, self-control and obesity indicators. The moderating role of obesity status and dieting history on restrained eating
- Wellspring Camps - Obesity research
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21174323
- ↑ http://www.obesitypsychiatry.com/id2.html
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17262813
- ↑ http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122178219865054585.html
- ↑ http://creation.com/ufology-scientific-religion
- ↑ http://www.conservapedia.com/Irreligion_and_superstition
- ↑ http://creation.com/did-god-create-life-on-other-planets
- ↑ http://creation.com/origin-of-life-questions-and-answers
- ↑
- Dr. Don Batten, A Who’s Who of evolutionists Creation 20(1):32, December 1997.
- Jonathan Sarfati, Ph.D.,F.M., Refuting Evolution, Chapter 1, Facts and Bias
- ↑ http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/summary/102/6/855 On Scientific Thought
- ↑ 377.0 377.1 377.2 Tarjanyi, Judy. "Astronomer links UFOs to Occultism." The Toledo Blade, January 4, 2003. Retrieved November 3, 2007.
- ↑
- ↑ http://www.alienintrusion.com/main.html
- ↑ Authors unknown. "A UFO 2nd Coming." Let Us Reason Ministries, 2007. Retrieved November 3, 2007.
- ↑ 381.0 381.1 Gleghorn, Michael. "UFO's and Alien Beings." Probe Ministries. Retrieved November 3, 2007.
- ↑ http://spectator.org/archives/2011/02/28/thriving-christianity
- ↑ http://spectator.org/archives/2011/02/28/thriving-christianity
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ChuckNorris200611292256.jpg
- ↑ http://www.wnd.com/index.php/index.php?fa=PAGE.printable&pageId=109051
- ↑ http://www.americansfortruth.com/news/landmark-study-change-for-homosexuals-is-possible.html
- ↑ E.M. Pattison and M.L. Pattison, "'Ex-Gays': Religiously Mediated Change in Homosexuals," American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 137, pp. 1553-1562, 1980