Difference between revisions of "Herpes Simplex Virus"

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[[Image:Hgr6simpex virus.jpg|right|thumb|Microscopy image of a herpes simplex virus (NASA)]]
 
[[Image:Hgr6simpex virus.jpg|right|thumb|Microscopy image of a herpes simplex virus (NASA)]]
  
The '''Herpes Simplex Virus''' (HSV) is a "ubiquitous human pathogen that belongs to the Herpesviridae".<ref name="Struyf2004">{{cite book|last=Struyf|first=Frank|title=Genetic Analysis of Herpesvirus Entry Receptors and Host Susceptibility to Herpes Simplex Virus Infection|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=uNceEUmF6rcC&pg=PA11|accessdate=3 November 2014|date=1 September 2004|publisher=Leuven University Press|isbn=9789058674012|page=11}}</ref>  
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The '''Herpes Simplex Virus''' (HSV) is a "ubiquitous human pathogen that belongs to the Herpesviridae".<ref name="Struyf2004">{{cite book|last=Struyf|first=Frank|title=Genetic Analysis of Herpesvirus Entry Receptors and Host Susceptibility to Herpes Simplex Virus Infection|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=uNceEUmF6rcC&pg=PA11|accessdate=3 November 2014|date=1 September 2004|publisher=Leuven University Press|isbn=9789058674012|page=11}}</ref> The two common variants of HSV are "herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)." While HSV-1 causes facial ulcers, HSV-2 causes genital ulcers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hsvoutbreak.com/what-causes-herpes-outbreaks|title=What Causes Primary and Recurrent Herpes Outbreaks?|year=2014|publisher=HSV Outbreak|accessdate=3 November 2014}}</ref>
  
 
== Biology ==
 
== Biology ==
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Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) is a member of the Herpesviridae family of viruses, a family of DNA viruses important in human disease.  These include Human herpesviruses (HHV)1-8 (see [[Herpes Viruses]]).  HSV 1 and 2 correspond to HHV 1 and 2.  HSV 1 and 2 are very prevalent in the human population, with as many as 30-70% of people testing positive for antibodies in their lifetime.  Currently in the United States 19% of the population is infected.<ref>[http://news.aol.com/health/story/ar/_a/nyc-has-higher-herpes-rate-study-says/20080610184309990001 AOL.com, News]</ref>
 
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) is a member of the Herpesviridae family of viruses, a family of DNA viruses important in human disease.  These include Human herpesviruses (HHV)1-8 (see [[Herpes Viruses]]).  HSV 1 and 2 correspond to HHV 1 and 2.  HSV 1 and 2 are very prevalent in the human population, with as many as 30-70% of people testing positive for antibodies in their lifetime.  Currently in the United States 19% of the population is infected.<ref>[http://news.aol.com/health/story/ar/_a/nyc-has-higher-herpes-rate-study-says/20080610184309990001 AOL.com, News]</ref>
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== Pathology ==
 
== Pathology ==
  
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<References/>
 
<References/>
  
Goldman: Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 22nd ed.,    Copyright © 2004  W. B. Saunders Company 
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== Bibliography ==
  
Cohen & Powderly: Infectious Diseases, 2nd ed., Copyright © 2004 Mosby, An Imprint of Elsevier
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*Goldman: Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 22nd ed.,    Copyright © 2004  W. B. Saunders Company 
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*Cohen & Powderly: Infectious Diseases, 2nd ed., Copyright © 2004 Mosby, An Imprint of Elsevier
  
  
[[category:Viruses]]
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[[Category:Viruses]]
 
[[Category:Sexually Transmitted Disease]]
 
[[Category:Sexually Transmitted Disease]]

Revision as of 16:28, November 3, 2014

"HSV" redirects here. For the German soccer club, see Hamburger SV.

Microscopy image of a herpes simplex virus (NASA)

The Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) is a "ubiquitous human pathogen that belongs to the Herpesviridae".[1] The two common variants of HSV are "herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)." While HSV-1 causes facial ulcers, HSV-2 causes genital ulcers.[2]

Biology

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) is a member of the Herpesviridae family of viruses, a family of DNA viruses important in human disease. These include Human herpesviruses (HHV)1-8 (see Herpes Viruses). HSV 1 and 2 correspond to HHV 1 and 2. HSV 1 and 2 are very prevalent in the human population, with as many as 30-70% of people testing positive for antibodies in their lifetime. Currently in the United States 19% of the population is infected.[3]

Pathology

HSV 1 and 2 are DNA viruses that cause common human illnesses, and infection is life-long. In general, HSV 1 is more commonly seen on the face, and HSV 2 is more commonly seen on the genitalia. The virus is spread by simple person-to-person contact and can occur when sores are visible, and when the virus is dormant, although this is less effective. These viruses generally cause mucocutaneous infection. This can manifest as cold sores on the lips, or as genital sores. The typical rash is described as "dew drops on a rose pedal". These are generally painful. Initial infection can be accompanied by systemic systems such as fever and muscle aches. After resolution of the initial infection, the virus becomes dormant in the human host. Under certain conditions that are not well understood, the virus is reactivated, with a recurrence of mucocutaneous infection. These recurrent attacks are unpredictable and can be frequent or infrequent. In addition to the common mucocutaneous infection, HSV 1 and 2 can also cause keratitis (inflammation in the eye), encephalitis (brain infection), and severe neonatal disease if acquired during pregnancy.

Prevention and Treatment

Because HSV 2 is spread more commonly by sexual contact, it is easier to prevent than HSV 1. There is currently no vaccine available for either virus. Avoiding contact with people who have obvious sores helps reduce infection, and prophylaxis with commonly available antiviral drugs can help prevent transmission during the latent phase of the illness. Prophylaxis can also be given to reduce frequency and severity of attacks.

References

  1. Struyf, Frank (1 September 2004). Genetic Analysis of Herpesvirus Entry Receptors and Host Susceptibility to Herpes Simplex Virus Infection. Leuven University Press. ISBN 9789058674012. Retrieved on 3 November 2014. 
  2. What Causes Primary and Recurrent Herpes Outbreaks?. HSV Outbreak (2014). Retrieved on 3 November 2014.
  3. AOL.com, News

Bibliography

  • Goldman: Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 22nd ed., Copyright © 2004 W. B. Saunders Company
  • Cohen & Powderly: Infectious Diseases, 2nd ed., Copyright © 2004 Mosby, An Imprint of Elsevier