Difference between revisions of "J.R.R. Tolkien"

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'''J.R.R.Tolkien''' (1892-1973) was author of several books such as [[The Hobbit]], [[The Simarillion]], and [[The Lord of the Rigns]]. He was born on January 3, 1892 and died on September 2, 1973.  He created the land of Middle-earth which is inhabited by men, elves, dwarves, wizards, goblins and hobbits.<ref> [[The Hobbit]] by J.R.R.Tolkien, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1937. </ref> 
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[[Image:Jrrt 1972 pipe.jpg|right|thumb|J. R. R. Tolkien in 1972, in his study at Merton Street.]]
  
He and several others (among them [[C.S.Lewis]]) were members of a club called the Inklings. <ref> [[Heroes of the Faith, C.S.Lewis]] by Sam Wellman, Barbour Publishing, Inc., 1997.  </ref>
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'''John Ronald Reuel Tolkien''' (3 January 1892 Bloemfontein, [[Orange Free State]] – 2 September 1973) was an English writer, [[philology|philologist]] and university professor, best known as the author of several influential [[fantasy]] books such as ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. He also worked on translating the [[Bible]], particularly the [[Book of Jonah]] for the [[Jerusalem Bible]].
  
<references/>
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He had a lifelong interest in and love of language, and also created [[Tolkien's languages|several constructed languages]]. Tolkien also created the [[Middle-earth]] legendarium, a fantasy world with a detailed geography, history, and inhabited by Men, [[Elf (Middle-earth)|Elves]], [[Dwarves (Middle-earth)|Dwarves]], and [[Hobbit]]s.<ref>''The Hobbit'', first published by George Allen & Unwin Ltd. of London, on 21 September 1937. </ref>
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== Early Life ==
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Tolkien was born in [[Bloemfontein]], [[South Africa]], to British parents, Arthur Reuel Tolkien and the former Miss Mabel Suffield. At the age of three he returned to England with his mother and younger brother, Hilary Arthur Reuel. His father died in Africa before he could rejoin them. Tolkien spent his early childhood in Sarehole, a [[Worcestershire]] village, which later influenced him in the creation of the [[Shire (Middle-earth)|Shire]]. Now living in [[Birmingham]], Mabel Tolkien and her children were received into the [[Roman Catholic Church]] in 1900. This enraged staunch [[Protestant]]s on both sides of the family and Mabel Tolkien subsequently left without any financial support. She died in 1904 of [[diabetes]], leaving her sons in the care of Father Francis Morgan, a priest of the [[Oratorian Order]].
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==Marriage and [[World War I]]==
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Tolkien grew up in the industrialized Edgbaston district of Birmingham and attended King Edward's School. The polluted sprawl of Birmingham is believed to have influenced his creation of [[Mordor]]. In 1916 Tolkien married Edith Mary Bratt, with whom he had four children: John, Michael, Christopher (who served with the RAF in Africa during WWII), and Priscilla. In October of the same year he was sent to the Western Front to serve as a signals officer at the [[Battle of the Somme]]. After coming down with [[trench fever]], he was invalided home and spent the remainder of the war as an emaciated patient in various military hospitals. His [[affliction]] was almost certainly caused by the flea bites suffered in captured German trenches at Thiepval Ridge.
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==Later Life==
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Tolkien became a professor of [[Old English language|Anglo-Saxon]] and English literature at the [[University of Oxford]] in 1925 and remained in the post until his retirement in 1959. After his death, the masses of his literary work he left behind were left in the care of his son Christopher Tolkien, who continues to organize and publish his father's writings.
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==Friendships==
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He and several other writers (among them [[C. S. Lewis]]) were members of a literary club called the [[Inklings]]. Tolkien and Lewis were very close friends, and Tolkien had a major role in Lewis's eventual conversion from [[Atheism]] to [[Christianity]].<ref>''Heroes of the Faith, C.S.Lewis'' by Sam Wellman, Barbour Publishing, Inc., 1997.  </ref>
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== Bibliography ==
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*''[[The Hobbit]]'' (1937)
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*''Leaf by Niggle'' (1945)
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*''Farmer Giles of Ham'' (1949, a medieval fable)
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*''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', in three volumes:
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**''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' (1954)
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**''[[The Two Towers]]'' (1955)
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**''[[The Return of the King]]'' (1955)
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*''Smith of Wootton Major'' (1967)
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*''The Father Christmas Letters'' (1976)
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*''[[The Silmarillion]]'' (1977)
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*''Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earth'' (1980)
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*''The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien'' (1981)
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*''Mr. Bliss'' (1982)
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*''The Monsters and the Critics'' (1983, a collection of essays)
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*''The History of Middle-earth'' (1983–1996 in twelve volumes)
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*''Roverandom'' (1998)
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*''The Children of Húrin'' (2007)
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*''The History of The Hobbit'' (2007, in two volumes)
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==References==
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{{reflist|spaltenzahl}}
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== See also ==
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*[[Tolkien's languages and scripts]]
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*[[:Category:Middle-earth]]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel}}
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[[Category:Authors]]
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[[Category:Religious People]]
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[[Category:World War I]]
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[[Category:Survivalist Fiction]]
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[[Category:Dystopian Fiction]]
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[[Category:Science Fiction Authors]]
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[[Category:Science Fiction]]
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[[Category:Christian Authors]]
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[[Category:Christian Fiction]]
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[[Category:Christians]]

Revision as of 16:43, September 23, 2015

J. R. R. Tolkien in 1972, in his study at Merton Street.

John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (3 January 1892 Bloemfontein, Orange Free State – 2 September 1973) was an English writer, philologist and university professor, best known as the author of several influential fantasy books such as The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. He also worked on translating the Bible, particularly the Book of Jonah for the Jerusalem Bible.

He had a lifelong interest in and love of language, and also created several constructed languages. Tolkien also created the Middle-earth legendarium, a fantasy world with a detailed geography, history, and inhabited by Men, Elves, Dwarves, and Hobbits.[1]

Early Life

Tolkien was born in Bloemfontein, South Africa, to British parents, Arthur Reuel Tolkien and the former Miss Mabel Suffield. At the age of three he returned to England with his mother and younger brother, Hilary Arthur Reuel. His father died in Africa before he could rejoin them. Tolkien spent his early childhood in Sarehole, a Worcestershire village, which later influenced him in the creation of the Shire. Now living in Birmingham, Mabel Tolkien and her children were received into the Roman Catholic Church in 1900. This enraged staunch Protestants on both sides of the family and Mabel Tolkien subsequently left without any financial support. She died in 1904 of diabetes, leaving her sons in the care of Father Francis Morgan, a priest of the Oratorian Order.

Marriage and World War I

Tolkien grew up in the industrialized Edgbaston district of Birmingham and attended King Edward's School. The polluted sprawl of Birmingham is believed to have influenced his creation of Mordor. In 1916 Tolkien married Edith Mary Bratt, with whom he had four children: John, Michael, Christopher (who served with the RAF in Africa during WWII), and Priscilla. In October of the same year he was sent to the Western Front to serve as a signals officer at the Battle of the Somme. After coming down with trench fever, he was invalided home and spent the remainder of the war as an emaciated patient in various military hospitals. His affliction was almost certainly caused by the flea bites suffered in captured German trenches at Thiepval Ridge.

Later Life

Tolkien became a professor of Anglo-Saxon and English literature at the University of Oxford in 1925 and remained in the post until his retirement in 1959. After his death, the masses of his literary work he left behind were left in the care of his son Christopher Tolkien, who continues to organize and publish his father's writings.

Friendships

He and several other writers (among them C. S. Lewis) were members of a literary club called the Inklings. Tolkien and Lewis were very close friends, and Tolkien had a major role in Lewis's eventual conversion from Atheism to Christianity.[2]

Bibliography

  • The Hobbit (1937)
  • Leaf by Niggle (1945)
  • Farmer Giles of Ham (1949, a medieval fable)
  • The Lord of the Rings, in three volumes:
  • Smith of Wootton Major (1967)
  • The Father Christmas Letters (1976)
  • The Silmarillion (1977)
  • Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earth (1980)
  • The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien (1981)
  • Mr. Bliss (1982)
  • The Monsters and the Critics (1983, a collection of essays)
  • The History of Middle-earth (1983–1996 in twelve volumes)
  • Roverandom (1998)
  • The Children of Húrin (2007)
  • The History of The Hobbit (2007, in two volumes)

References

  1. The Hobbit, first published by George Allen & Unwin Ltd. of London, on 21 September 1937.
  2. Heroes of the Faith, C.S.Lewis by Sam Wellman, Barbour Publishing, Inc., 1997.

See also