Difference between revisions of "Nanjing Massacre"

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In the '''Nanking massacre''' (or '''Rape of Nanking''') the Japanese military murdered 100,000 to 300,000 Chinese after conquering the city of [[Nanjing]] (then called ''Nanking'' in English, just as [[Beijing]] was called ''Peking''.)
 
In the '''Nanking massacre''' (or '''Rape of Nanking''') the Japanese military murdered 100,000 to 300,000 Chinese after conquering the city of [[Nanjing]] (then called ''Nanking'' in English, just as [[Beijing]] was called ''Peking''.)
  
It was a [[war crime]] committed by the [[Japan]]ese military during the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]. The Japanese army committed atrocities against the capital of Nationalist China, famously murder and rape. The death toll is disputed, but most estimates give a total of 100,000 to 300,000 soldiers and civilians killed. <ref>[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]]. [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9054784/Nanking-Massacre Nanking Massacre]</ref> <ref>[http://www.cnd.org/njmassacre/nj.html#NJM Basic Facts on the Nanjing Massacre and the Tokyo War Crimes Trial]</ref>
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It was a [[war crime]] committed by the [[Japan]]ese military during the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]. The Japanese army committed atrocities against the capital of Nationalist China, famously murder and rape. The death toll is disputed, but most estimates give a total of 100,000 to 300,000 soldiers and civilians killed.<ref>Encyclopaedia Britannica. [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9054784/Nanking-Massacre Nanking Massacre]</ref><ref>[http://www.cnd.org/njmassacre/nj.html#NJM Basic Facts on the Nanjing Massacre and the Tokyo War Crimes Trial]</ref>
:In December of 1937, the Japanese Imperial Army marched into China's capital city of Nanking and proceeded to murder 300,000 out of 600,000 civilians and soldiers in the city. The six weeks of carnage would become known as the Rape of Nanking and represented the single worst [[atrocity]] during the World War II era in either the European or Pacific theaters of war.<ref name=genocide>[http://www.historyplace.com/worldhistory/genocide/nanking.htm The History Place - Genocide in the 20th Century]</ref>
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:In December of 1937, the Japanese Imperial Army marched into China's capital city of Nanking and proceeded to murder 300,000 out of 600,000 civilians and soldiers in the city. The six weeks of carnage would become known as the Rape of Nanking and represented the single worst atrocity during the World War II era in either the European or Pacific theaters of war.<ref name=genocide>[http://www.historyplace.com/worldhistory/genocide/nanking.htm The History Place - Genocide in the 20th Century]</ref>
  
 
:In addition, the notorious [[Comfort Women]] system was introduced which forced young Chinese women to become [[slave]]-[[prostitute]]s, existing solely for the sexual pleasure of Japanese soldiers.<ref name=genocide/>
 
:In addition, the notorious [[Comfort Women]] system was introduced which forced young Chinese women to become [[slave]]-[[prostitute]]s, existing solely for the sexual pleasure of Japanese soldiers.<ref name=genocide/>
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 +
== Mass raping of Chinese woman by Japanese officers and soldiers ==
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According to the History Place website:
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{{Cquote|After the destruction of the POWs, the soldiers turned their attention to the women of Nanking and an outright animalistic hunt ensued. Old women over the age of 70 as well as little girls under the age of 8 were dragged off to be sexually abused. More than 20,000 females (with some estimates as high as 80,000) were gang-raped by Japanese soldiers, then stabbed to death with bayonets or shot so they could never bear witness.
 +
 +
Pregnant women were not spared. In several instances, they were raped, then had their bellies slit open and the fetuses torn out. Sometimes, after storming into a house and encountering a whole family, the Japanese forced Chinese men to rape their own daughters, sons to rape their mothers, and brothers their sisters, while the rest of the family was made to watch.<ref>[http://www.historyplace.com/worldhistory/genocide/nanking.htm The Rape of Nanking], The History Place</ref>}}
  
 
==The cover-up==
 
==The cover-up==
[[Adam Jones]] wrote:
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Adam Jones wrote:
 
:A conscious attempt has been made by "revisionists" in Japan to deny or downplay the involvement of the Japanese military in massive atrocities during World War II. In September 1986, the Japanese education minister, [[Fujio Masayuki]], referred to the Rape of Nanking as "just a part of war." In 1988, a 30-second scene depicting the Rape of Nanking was removed from [[Bernardo Bertolucci]]'s [[The Last Emperor]] by the film's Japanese distributor. In 1991, censors at the [[Ministry of Education]] "ordered textbook authorities to eliminate all reference to the numbers of Chinese killed during the Rape of Nanking because authorities believed there was insufficient evidence to verify those numbers" (Chang, The Rape of Nanking, p. 208). And General [[Nagano Shigeto]], a Second World War veteran appointed justice minister in Spring 1994, told a Japanese newspaper that "the Nanking Massacre and the rest was a fabrication." [http://www.gendercide.org/case_nanking.html]
 
:A conscious attempt has been made by "revisionists" in Japan to deny or downplay the involvement of the Japanese military in massive atrocities during World War II. In September 1986, the Japanese education minister, [[Fujio Masayuki]], referred to the Rape of Nanking as "just a part of war." In 1988, a 30-second scene depicting the Rape of Nanking was removed from [[Bernardo Bertolucci]]'s [[The Last Emperor]] by the film's Japanese distributor. In 1991, censors at the [[Ministry of Education]] "ordered textbook authorities to eliminate all reference to the numbers of Chinese killed during the Rape of Nanking because authorities believed there was insufficient evidence to verify those numbers" (Chang, The Rape of Nanking, p. 208). And General [[Nagano Shigeto]], a Second World War veteran appointed justice minister in Spring 1994, told a Japanese newspaper that "the Nanking Massacre and the rest was a fabrication." [http://www.gendercide.org/case_nanking.html]
  
 
== See also==  
 
== See also==  
  
*[[Mass rape of German women by the Soviet army]]
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*[[Mass rape during the occupation of Germany|Mass rape of German women by the Soviet army]]
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*[[Shinto]]
 
*[[Rape of Bangladesh]]
 
*[[Rape of Bangladesh]]
 
==References==
 
<references />
 
  
 
== External links==
 
== External links==
 +
 
*[http://members.iinet.net.au/~gduncan/massacres_pacific.html Massacres and Atrocities of WWII in the Pacific Region]
 
*[http://members.iinet.net.au/~gduncan/massacres_pacific.html Massacres and Atrocities of WWII in the Pacific Region]
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Videos:
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*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jfkk-GtM_sI Nanking' with Woody Harrelson] - Award-winning documentary
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Two part video documentary series:
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*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YoW2WYdOsvg Rape of Nanking Part I Atrocities in Asia Nanjing Massacre]
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*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iqH47MIpuoA&bpctr=1470543483 Rape of Nanking Part 2 Atrocities in Asia Nanjing Massacre]
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==References==
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<references />
  
  
[[category:Chinese History]]
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[[Category:Chinese History]]
 
[[Category:Japanese History]]
 
[[Category:Japanese History]]
 
[[Category:World War II]]
 
[[Category:World War II]]
 
[[Category:War Crime]]
 
[[Category:War Crime]]

Revision as of 17:47, April 18, 2017

In the Nanking massacre (or Rape of Nanking) the Japanese military murdered 100,000 to 300,000 Chinese after conquering the city of Nanjing (then called Nanking in English, just as Beijing was called Peking.)

It was a war crime committed by the Japanese military during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The Japanese army committed atrocities against the capital of Nationalist China, famously murder and rape. The death toll is disputed, but most estimates give a total of 100,000 to 300,000 soldiers and civilians killed.[1][2]

In December of 1937, the Japanese Imperial Army marched into China's capital city of Nanking and proceeded to murder 300,000 out of 600,000 civilians and soldiers in the city. The six weeks of carnage would become known as the Rape of Nanking and represented the single worst atrocity during the World War II era in either the European or Pacific theaters of war.[3]
In addition, the notorious Comfort Women system was introduced which forced young Chinese women to become slave-prostitutes, existing solely for the sexual pleasure of Japanese soldiers.[3]

Mass raping of Chinese woman by Japanese officers and soldiers

According to the History Place website:

After the destruction of the POWs, the soldiers turned their attention to the women of Nanking and an outright animalistic hunt ensued. Old women over the age of 70 as well as little girls under the age of 8 were dragged off to be sexually abused. More than 20,000 females (with some estimates as high as 80,000) were gang-raped by Japanese soldiers, then stabbed to death with bayonets or shot so they could never bear witness.

Pregnant women were not spared. In several instances, they were raped, then had their bellies slit open and the fetuses torn out. Sometimes, after storming into a house and encountering a whole family, the Japanese forced Chinese men to rape their own daughters, sons to rape their mothers, and brothers their sisters, while the rest of the family was made to watch.[4]

The cover-up

Adam Jones wrote:

A conscious attempt has been made by "revisionists" in Japan to deny or downplay the involvement of the Japanese military in massive atrocities during World War II. In September 1986, the Japanese education minister, Fujio Masayuki, referred to the Rape of Nanking as "just a part of war." In 1988, a 30-second scene depicting the Rape of Nanking was removed from Bernardo Bertolucci's The Last Emperor by the film's Japanese distributor. In 1991, censors at the Ministry of Education "ordered textbook authorities to eliminate all reference to the numbers of Chinese killed during the Rape of Nanking because authorities believed there was insufficient evidence to verify those numbers" (Chang, The Rape of Nanking, p. 208). And General Nagano Shigeto, a Second World War veteran appointed justice minister in Spring 1994, told a Japanese newspaper that "the Nanking Massacre and the rest was a fabrication." [1]

See also

External links

Videos:

Two part video documentary series:

References

  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Nanking Massacre
  2. Basic Facts on the Nanjing Massacre and the Tokyo War Crimes Trial
  3. 3.0 3.1 The History Place - Genocide in the 20th Century
  4. The Rape of Nanking, The History Place