Difference between revisions of "Pope Francis"
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− | His Holiness '''Pope Francis''' (formerly '''Jorge Mario Bergoglio''', born December 17, 1936, in [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]) became the [[Pope]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] on March 13, 2013. Pope Francis, elected as 266th Roman Catholic pontiff, is the first Jesuit and the first Latin American pope; First non-European pope in 1300 years. He succeeded Pope [[Benedict XVI]], to whom he was reportedly the runner-up in the papal election of 2005. <ref name="popesuccession">[http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/13/us-pope-succession-bergoglio-idUSBRE92C15X20130313 Reuters: ''Pope Succession'']</ref> Archbishop Bergoglio was created a cardinal by the late [[Pope John Paul II]]. | + | His Holiness '''Pope Francis''' (formerly '''Jorge Mario Bergoglio''', born December 17, 1936, in [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]) became the [[Pope]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] on March 13, 2013. Pope Francis, elected as 266th Roman Catholic pontiff, is the first Jesuit and the first Latin American pope; First non-European pope in 1300 years. He succeeded Pope [[Benedict XVI]], to whom he was reportedly the runner-up in the papal election of 2005.<ref name="popesuccession">[http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/13/us-pope-succession-bergoglio-idUSBRE92C15X20130313 Reuters: ''Pope Succession'']</ref> Archbishop Bergoglio was created a cardinal by the late [[Pope John Paul II]]. |
== Background == | == Background == | ||
Line 37: | Line 37: | ||
== Naming conventions == | == Naming conventions == | ||
− | [[Vatican City|Vatican]] tradition holds that when a new Pope is elected and takes a name that has not been used by a prior pope, they will be referred to simply as "Pope ______", rather than "Pope ______ I" until another pope has taken the same name. In this case "Pope Francis". <ref name="popename">[http://www.latimes.com/news/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-vatican-pope-francis-name-20130313,0,1309501.story Los Angeles Times: ''Pope Naming'']</ref><ref name="popename2">[http://www.cnn.com/2013/03/13/world/pope-name/index.html?hpt=hp_t1 CNN: ''Pope Francis' name choice 'precedent shattering''']</ref> | + | [[Vatican City|Vatican]] tradition holds that when a new Pope is elected and takes a name that has not been used by a prior pope, they will be referred to simply as "Pope ______", rather than "Pope ______ I" until another pope has taken the same name. In this case "Pope Francis".<ref name="popename">[http://www.latimes.com/news/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-vatican-pope-francis-name-20130313,0,1309501.story Los Angeles Times: ''Pope Naming'']</ref><ref name="popename2">[http://www.cnn.com/2013/03/13/world/pope-name/index.html?hpt=hp_t1 CNN: ''Pope Francis' name choice 'precedent shattering''']</ref> |
[[File:Pope Francis march 2013 First mass.jpg|thumb|right|Pope Francis' first mass]] | [[File:Pope Francis march 2013 First mass.jpg|thumb|right|Pope Francis' first mass]] | ||
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== Personality == | == Personality == | ||
− | Pope Francis has shown to be very affectionate toward the poor, the sick, and the needy. Rather than flout his position as the head of the Church, with the expectation of being acknowledged, he humbles himself when in the presence of those less-fortunate.<ref name="cerebralpalsy">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2015/09/26/pope-francis-saw-a-boy-with-cerebral-palsy-this-is-what-happened-next/ Washington Post: ''Pope Francis saw a boy with cerebral palsy. This is what happened next | + | Pope Francis has shown to be very affectionate toward the poor, the sick, and the needy. Rather than flout his position as the head of the Church, with the expectation of being acknowledged, he humbles himself when in the presence of those less-fortunate.<ref name="cerebralpalsy">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2015/09/26/pope-francis-saw-a-boy-with-cerebral-palsy-this-is-what-happened-next/ Washington Post: ''Pope Francis saw a boy with cerebral palsy. This is what happened next'']</ref> |
− | == Scientific Views == | + | == Political and Scientific Views == |
+ | Pope Francis is the most [[liberal]] pope in history, his progressive views about multiple issues were mainly supposed by Leftists around the globe. However, he has still taken some more conservative positions, such as on abortion. | ||
− | + | === Abortion and euthanasia === | |
− | + | Pope Francis has spoken out against [[abortion]].<ref>Williams, Thomas D. (October 15, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/10/15/pope-francis-safeguard-human-life-especially-in-the-mothers-womb/ Pope Francis: Safeguard Human Life ‘Especially in the Mother’s Womb’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 15, 2017.</ref><ref>Williams, Thomas D. (December 28, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2017/12/28/pope-francis-prays-for-end-to-abortion-on-feast-of-holy-innocents/ Pope Francis Prays for End to Abortion on Feast of ‘Holy Innocents’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 28, 2017.</ref> However, he played a key role in helping a [[euthanasia]] law pass in Italy.<ref>McLean, Dorothy Cummings (December 19, 2017). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/pope-francis-credited-with-helping-euthanasia-law-pass-in-italy Pope Francis credited with helping euthanasia law pass in Italy]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved December 20, 2017.</ref> | |
− | + | === Climate change === | |
− | + | Pope Francis believes in the existence of human-caused [[Global warming|climate change]]<ref>Williams, Thomas D. (January 8, 2018). [http://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/01/08/pope-francis-global-warming-is-consequence-of-human-activity/ Pope Francis: Global Warming Is ‘Consequence of Human Activity’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 8, 2018.</ref> and has made that issue one of his strongest-held positions. Francis believes that humans face a "climate emergency" and that skepticism of human-caused climate change is "perverse."<ref>Williams, Thomas D. (November 16, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/11/16/pope-francis-climate-change-skepticism-is-perverse/ Pope Francis: Climate Change Skepticism Is ‘Perverse’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 16, 2017.</ref> | |
− | === | + | === Conscientious objection to same-sex marriage === |
− | + | Pope Francis has stated, in regard to the political case of Kim Davis, that a person should have the [[Human rights|right]] to refuse to carry out a duty, if it violates the person's [[Conscientious objector|conscience]].<ref name="kimdavis">[http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/pope-francis-visits-america/pope-francis-i-understand-anger-catholic-church-sex-abuse-victims-n434681 NBC News: ''Conscientious objection is a human right, Pope Francis'']</ref><ref name="kimdavis2">[http://time.com/4051727/pope-francis-papal-plane/ Time: ''What Pope Francis thought of the United States'']</ref> | |
− | + | === Evolution and Big Bang === | |
− | + | Pope Francis recently declared [[evolution]] and [[Big Bang theory]] to be right and that God isn't "a magician with a magic wand". | |
− | + | Speaking at the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, the Pope made comments which experts said put an end to the “[[Pseudoscience|pseudo theories]]” of [[creationism]] and [[intelligent design]] that some argue were encouraged by his predecessor, Benedict XVI.<ref name="magicwand">[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/pope-francis-declares-evolution-and-big-bang-theory-are-right-and-god-isnt-a-magician-with-a-magic-wand-9822514.html Independent: ''Evolution and Big Bang Theory are right, and God isn't a magician with a magic wand'']</ref> | |
− | + | ===Hell=== | |
− | + | In March 2018, Pope Francis gave an interview which drew large outrage after he reportedly denied the existence of [[Hell]]. The Vatican did not deny those claims when questioned.<ref>Williams, Thomas D. (March 30, 2018). [http://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/03/30/vatican-refuses-disavow-popes-denial-hell/ Vatican Refuses to Disavow Pope’s Alleged Denial of Hell]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 31, 2018.</ref> | |
− | + | ||
=== Homosexuality === | === Homosexuality === | ||
+ | Pope Francis believes there is harm posed by the [[homosexuality]] and has even acknowledged the presence of a "[[gay lobby]]" in the [[Vatican]] that he seemed to suggest operated from corrupt motives.<ref name="vaticansgaylobby">[http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/what-pope-francis-meant-by-the-vaticans-gay-lobby The American Conservative: ''Pope Francis and the Vatican's 'gay lobby''', Giraldi, Philip (18 June 2013)]</ref> | ||
− | Pope Francis | + | Cardinal Bergoglio, now Pope Francis, has been an outspoken critic of [[homosexual]] adoption of children, explaining that it is [[Discrimination|discriminatory]] against the children.<ref name="childrensrights">[http://au.news.yahoo.com/latest/a/-/latest/16363162/who-is-jorge-bergoglio Yahoo News, Australia: ''Children's rights, Pope Francis'']</ref> Pope Francis is also strongly [[pro-life]], and has referred [[abortion]] as the "culture of death." |
− | + | <blockquote> | |
+ | Among his teachings and stands, he strongly affirms church teaching on the intrinsic immorality of homosexual practices, though he teaches the importance of respecting homosexual persons. He strongly opposed legislation introduced in 2010 by the Argentine Government to give legal equivalency between true marriage and homosexual partners.<ref name="newsconsortium">[http://www.catholic.org/hf/faith/story.php?id=50111 Catholic Online: ''NEW POPE: Who is this man named Bergoglio?'']</ref> | ||
+ | </blockquote> | ||
− | Pope Francis | + | In 2017, Pope Francis asked Italian Education Minister Valeria Fedeli, a strong supporter of LGBT ideology and "gender theory" and someone opposed by pro-family organizations, to write the preface of a book he was writing on education.<ref>Williams, Thomas D. (October 2, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2017/10/02/popes-new-book-features-preface-by-gender-theory-activist/ Pope’s New Book Features Preface by Gender Theory Activist]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 3, 2017.</ref> However, Pope Francis has otherwise opposed transgender ideology.<ref>Williams, Thomas D. (October 5, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/10/05/pope-francis-decries-unisex-utopia-of-trangenderism/ Pope Francis Decries ‘Unisex Utopia’ of Trangenderism]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 5, 2017.</ref> |
− | === | + | === Immigration, globalism, and nationalism === |
− | + | Pope Francis supports [[globalist]] and very liberal immigration policies,<ref>Williams, Thomas D. (September 28, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/09/28/vatican-launches-two-year-campaign-to-provoke-a-shift-in-thinking-on-immigration/ Vatican Launches Two-Year Campaign to Provoke a ‘Shift in Thinking’ on Immigration]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 15, 2017.</ref><ref>Williams, Thomas D. (September 27, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/09/27/pope-francis-jesus-christ-himself-asks-us-to-welcome-migrants-with-arms-wide-open/ Pope Francis: Jesus Christ Himself Asks Us to Welcome Migrants ‘With Arms Wide Open’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 15, 2017.</ref> and he has criticized those who support lower immigration levels,<ref>Williams, Thomas D. (September 30, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/09/30/pope-francis-unease-mass-migration-innate-fear-foreigner/ Pope Francis: Unease with Mass Migration Due to ‘Innate Fear of the Foreigner’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 15, 2017.</ref> such as by claiming that concerns for cultural identity are not legitimate arguments for lower immigration.<ref>Williams, Thomas D. (September 22, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/09/22/pope-francis-says-concern-for-cultural-identity-doesnt-justify-opposition-to-mass-migration/ Pope Francis Says Concern for ‘Cultural Identity’ Doesn’t Justify Opposition to Mass Migration]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 15, 2017.</ref> | |
− | + | Pope Francis has stated that people should rethink "the figure and the role of the nation-state" due to globalism.<ref>Williams, Thomas D. (October 20, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/10/20/pope-francis-humanity-must-rethink-role-of-nation-state-in-globalized-world/ Pope Francis: Humanity Must ‘Rethink’ Role of Nation-State in Globalized World]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 20, 2017.</ref> | |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
=== Church sexual abuse of children === | === Church sexual abuse of children === | ||
− | On September 27, 2015, Pope Francis met with victims of [[Sexual assault|sexual abuse]] by [[ | + | On September 27, 2015, Pope Francis met with victims of [[Sexual assault|sexual abuse]] by [[clergy]]men of the [[Roman Catholic Church|Church]]. He apologized on their behalf, and promised to hold those responsible accountable.<ref name="phillyfinalmass">[http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2015/09/27/pope-francis-wraps-up-us-visit-philadelphia/72923820 USA Today: ''Hundreds of thousands flood Philly for Pope Francis' final Mass'']</ref> |
=== Persecution and human rights === | === Persecution and human rights === | ||
Line 99: | Line 100: | ||
Pope Francis is also set to sign a treaty that includes a provision that will recognize [[Palestine]] as a state.<ref name="recognizepalestine">[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/14/world/middleeast/vatican-to-recognize-palestinian-state-in-new-treaty.html New York Times: ''Vatican to recognize Palestinian State in new treaty'']</ref> | Pope Francis is also set to sign a treaty that includes a provision that will recognize [[Palestine]] as a state.<ref name="recognizepalestine">[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/14/world/middleeast/vatican-to-recognize-palestinian-state-in-new-treaty.html New York Times: ''Vatican to recognize Palestinian State in new treaty'']</ref> | ||
− | == | + | === Communism and Christianity === |
− | + | In November 2016 Pope Francis stated that "It has been said many times and my response has always been that, if anything, it is the communists who think like Christians."<ref>http://www.onepeterfive.com/pope-communists-think-like-christians/</ref><ref>http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-33024951</ref> | |
− | + | A new book by George Neumayr in May 2017, entitled “The Political Pope,” documents the extensive [[communist]] influence on Pope Francis as a young man in [[Argentina]].<ref>https://spectator.org/pope-franciss-communist-mentor/</ref> | |
== See also == | == See also == |
Revision as of 03:48, April 1, 2018
Pope Francis | |
---|---|
Papacy Began: 13 March 2013 | |
Papacy Ended: Currently in office
Predecessor: Pope Benedict XVI Successor: None | |
| |
Born: 17 December 1936, as Jorge Mario Bergoglio
Nationality: Argentine Motto: Miserando atque eligendo | |
Reference style: His Holiness
In person: Your Holiness In religion: Holy Father |
His Holiness Pope Francis (formerly Jorge Mario Bergoglio, born December 17, 1936, in Buenos Aires, Argentina) became the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church on March 13, 2013. Pope Francis, elected as 266th Roman Catholic pontiff, is the first Jesuit and the first Latin American pope; First non-European pope in 1300 years. He succeeded Pope Benedict XVI, to whom he was reportedly the runner-up in the papal election of 2005.[1] Archbishop Bergoglio was created a cardinal by the late Pope John Paul II.
Contents
- 1 Background
- 2 Naming conventions
- 3 Personality
- 4 Political and Scientific Views
- 4.1 Abortion and euthanasia
- 4.2 Climate change
- 4.3 Conscientious objection to same-sex marriage
- 4.4 Evolution and Big Bang
- 4.5 Hell
- 4.6 Homosexuality
- 4.7 Immigration, globalism, and nationalism
- 4.8 Church sexual abuse of children
- 4.9 Persecution and human rights
- 4.10 Palestine and Israel
- 4.11 Communism and Christianity
- 5 See also
- 6 References
Background
Pope Francis entered the Society of Jesus in 1958. As a Jesuit, Cardinal Bergoglio rejected and opposed liberation theology in South America.
The son of an Italian workman who emigrated to Argentina, Cardinal Bergoglio chose to carry the name of an Italian saint, "Francis", while serving as Pope. And like his papal namesake, St. Francis, Cardinal Bergoglio has an ascetic and humble lifestyle.
Pope Francis has overcome a disability: as a young man, one of his lungs was removed due to illness.
The Pope is the spiritual leader of 1.2 billion people - almost 17% of the Earth's population and 55% of all Christians.
Naming conventions
Vatican tradition holds that when a new Pope is elected and takes a name that has not been used by a prior pope, they will be referred to simply as "Pope ______", rather than "Pope ______ I" until another pope has taken the same name. In this case "Pope Francis".[2][3]
Personality
Pope Francis has shown to be very affectionate toward the poor, the sick, and the needy. Rather than flout his position as the head of the Church, with the expectation of being acknowledged, he humbles himself when in the presence of those less-fortunate.[4]
Political and Scientific Views
Pope Francis is the most liberal pope in history, his progressive views about multiple issues were mainly supposed by Leftists around the globe. However, he has still taken some more conservative positions, such as on abortion.
Abortion and euthanasia
Pope Francis has spoken out against abortion.[5][6] However, he played a key role in helping a euthanasia law pass in Italy.[7]
Climate change
Pope Francis believes in the existence of human-caused climate change[8] and has made that issue one of his strongest-held positions. Francis believes that humans face a "climate emergency" and that skepticism of human-caused climate change is "perverse."[9]
Conscientious objection to same-sex marriage
Pope Francis has stated, in regard to the political case of Kim Davis, that a person should have the right to refuse to carry out a duty, if it violates the person's conscience.[10][11]
Evolution and Big Bang
Pope Francis recently declared evolution and Big Bang theory to be right and that God isn't "a magician with a magic wand".
Speaking at the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, the Pope made comments which experts said put an end to the “pseudo theories” of creationism and intelligent design that some argue were encouraged by his predecessor, Benedict XVI.[12]
Hell
In March 2018, Pope Francis gave an interview which drew large outrage after he reportedly denied the existence of Hell. The Vatican did not deny those claims when questioned.[13]
Homosexuality
Pope Francis believes there is harm posed by the homosexuality and has even acknowledged the presence of a "gay lobby" in the Vatican that he seemed to suggest operated from corrupt motives.[14]
Cardinal Bergoglio, now Pope Francis, has been an outspoken critic of homosexual adoption of children, explaining that it is discriminatory against the children.[15] Pope Francis is also strongly pro-life, and has referred abortion as the "culture of death."
Among his teachings and stands, he strongly affirms church teaching on the intrinsic immorality of homosexual practices, though he teaches the importance of respecting homosexual persons. He strongly opposed legislation introduced in 2010 by the Argentine Government to give legal equivalency between true marriage and homosexual partners.[16]
In 2017, Pope Francis asked Italian Education Minister Valeria Fedeli, a strong supporter of LGBT ideology and "gender theory" and someone opposed by pro-family organizations, to write the preface of a book he was writing on education.[17] However, Pope Francis has otherwise opposed transgender ideology.[18]
Immigration, globalism, and nationalism
Pope Francis supports globalist and very liberal immigration policies,[19][20] and he has criticized those who support lower immigration levels,[21] such as by claiming that concerns for cultural identity are not legitimate arguments for lower immigration.[22]
Pope Francis has stated that people should rethink "the figure and the role of the nation-state" due to globalism.[23]
Church sexual abuse of children
On September 27, 2015, Pope Francis met with victims of sexual abuse by clergymen of the Church. He apologized on their behalf, and promised to hold those responsible accountable.[24]
Persecution and human rights
Pope Francis has spoken out against violence of minorities in the Middle-East,[25] including that of Christians, and, contrary to the typical Catholic views, has endorsed the use of force, if necessary, to accomplish this goal.[26]
His holiness remains an adamant supporter of Social Justice. His 2009 speech, titled Las deudas sociales de nuestro tiempo, or The Social Debts of our Time, lays out his views on the world's inequality, between rich and poor, especially in Argentina. He further rebuked the wealthy, claiming that "You [the wealthy] avoid taking into account the poor. We have no right to duck down, to lower the arms carried by those in despair. We must reclaim the memory of our country who has a mother, recover the memory of our Mother".
Palestine and Israel
Pope Francis is also set to sign a treaty that includes a provision that will recognize Palestine as a state.[27]
Communism and Christianity
In November 2016 Pope Francis stated that "It has been said many times and my response has always been that, if anything, it is the communists who think like Christians."[28][29]
A new book by George Neumayr in May 2017, entitled “The Political Pope,” documents the extensive communist influence on Pope Francis as a young man in Argentina.[30]
See also
References
- ↑ Reuters: Pope Succession
- ↑ Los Angeles Times: Pope Naming
- ↑ CNN: Pope Francis' name choice 'precedent shattering'
- ↑ Washington Post: Pope Francis saw a boy with cerebral palsy. This is what happened next
- ↑ Williams, Thomas D. (October 15, 2017). Pope Francis: Safeguard Human Life ‘Especially in the Mother’s Womb’. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
- ↑ Williams, Thomas D. (December 28, 2017). Pope Francis Prays for End to Abortion on Feast of ‘Holy Innocents’. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
- ↑ McLean, Dorothy Cummings (December 19, 2017). Pope Francis credited with helping euthanasia law pass in Italy. LifeSiteNews. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
- ↑ Williams, Thomas D. (January 8, 2018). Pope Francis: Global Warming Is ‘Consequence of Human Activity’. Breitbart News. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
- ↑ Williams, Thomas D. (November 16, 2017). Pope Francis: Climate Change Skepticism Is ‘Perverse’. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 16, 2017.
- ↑ NBC News: Conscientious objection is a human right, Pope Francis
- ↑ Time: What Pope Francis thought of the United States
- ↑ Independent: Evolution and Big Bang Theory are right, and God isn't a magician with a magic wand
- ↑ Williams, Thomas D. (March 30, 2018). Vatican Refuses to Disavow Pope’s Alleged Denial of Hell. Breitbart News. Retrieved March 31, 2018.
- ↑ The American Conservative: Pope Francis and the Vatican's 'gay lobby', Giraldi, Philip (18 June 2013)
- ↑ Yahoo News, Australia: Children's rights, Pope Francis
- ↑ Catholic Online: NEW POPE: Who is this man named Bergoglio?
- ↑ Williams, Thomas D. (October 2, 2017). Pope’s New Book Features Preface by Gender Theory Activist. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
- ↑ Williams, Thomas D. (October 5, 2017). Pope Francis Decries ‘Unisex Utopia’ of Trangenderism. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
- ↑ Williams, Thomas D. (September 28, 2017). Vatican Launches Two-Year Campaign to Provoke a ‘Shift in Thinking’ on Immigration. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
- ↑ Williams, Thomas D. (September 27, 2017). Pope Francis: Jesus Christ Himself Asks Us to Welcome Migrants ‘With Arms Wide Open’. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
- ↑ Williams, Thomas D. (September 30, 2017). Pope Francis: Unease with Mass Migration Due to ‘Innate Fear of the Foreigner’. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
- ↑ Williams, Thomas D. (September 22, 2017). Pope Francis Says Concern for ‘Cultural Identity’ Doesn’t Justify Opposition to Mass Migration. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
- ↑ Williams, Thomas D. (October 20, 2017). Pope Francis: Humanity Must ‘Rethink’ Role of Nation-State in Globalized World. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 20, 2017.
- ↑ USA Today: Hundreds of thousands flood Philly for Pope Francis' final Mass
- ↑ The Guardian: Isis violence against minorities in Iraq must be stopped, Pope Francis
- ↑ Business Insider: Pope Francis Endorses Use Of Force Against ISIS In Iraq
- ↑ New York Times: Vatican to recognize Palestinian State in new treaty
- ↑ http://www.onepeterfive.com/pope-communists-think-like-christians/
- ↑ http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-33024951
- ↑ https://spectator.org/pope-franciss-communist-mentor/