Russian painting

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Russian painting has a long and glorious development. In the Middle ages began the tradition of icon painting imported from the Byzantine Empire; it lasted until the Modern age. A masterpiece of Russian iconography is the Virgin of Vladimir (12th century), conserved in Moscow since 1395 (it is not a Russian icon, but a gift brought from Constantinople to Russia); it is one of the most venerated Orthodox icons and a typical example of Byzantine iconography. Important developments in the Moscow school can be seen through the works of four masters of icon painting: Theophanes the Greek, Andrei Rublev, Dionisii (Dionysius), and Simon Ushakov. [1]

Andrei Rublev (1360s - 1427 or 1430), a medieval painter, is best known for his masterpiece the icon "The Old Testament Trinity". Religious painting predominated in Russia until the eighteenth century. Russian art in general, with the accession of Peter the Great, presented a major modernization. Catherine the Great (reigned 1762 - 1796), who was a Francophile art lover and avid collector, encouraged painting, and created the Hermitage Museum. Alexei Antropov (1716 - 1795) was one of the first Russian portraitists. Also important were Dmitri Levitski (1735-1822) and Vladímir Borovikovski (1757-1825).

The great Russian painter Ivan Aivazovsky (1817 - 1900) is famous for his seascapes. He left more than 6,000 pictures, and became the most prolific Russian painter of his time. Aivazovsky painted also landscapes and portraits. Ivan Kramskoy (1837 – 1887), painter and draughtsman, was an outstanding representative of the democratic culture in Russia of the second half of the 19th century. [2]

Ilya Repin (1844-1930) was a Russian Realistic painter and sculptor. He was an influential member of the group the Wanderers. Repin occupies a position alongside Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, and Rimsky-Korsakov, and is considered Russia's foremost national artist. Noteworthy were Fyodor Vasilyev (1850-1873), one of the best realistic Russians painters, who made ​​numerous landscapes, and Isaac Levitan (1860-1900), who was the foremost landscape painter of his time.

In the late nineteenth century, and with avant-garde painting, disclosed Léon Bakst (1866-1924), Konstantín Korovin (1861-1939), landscape and portrait painter (Paris was one of the artist's favorite themes), Borís Kustódiev (1878-1927), and Kuzmá Petrov-Vodkin (1878-1939). Vasiliy Polenov (1844-1927). painted historical and genre pictures and portraits.



Ivan Aivazovsky, Towers on the Rock Near Bosporus, 1859.


In the early twentieth century, Russian culture was in a state of feverish excitement. Modern styles were adopted as Symbolism, Impressionism, Cubism, Expressionism and Futurism. Wassily Kandinsky (1866 - 1944) is considered one of the fathers of abstract art.

"Kandinsky realized the tremendous power that art could exert over the spectator and that painting could develop powers equivalent to those of music. He felt special attraction to Wagner, whose music was greatly admired by the Symbolists. [3]

Marc Chagall (1887 – 1985) was a painter and stained glass artist. Chagall's artworks fit into modern art categories including Cubism and Fauvism.


See also

Aleksey Motorin, At the Sea, 1953.
Viktor Safronov, Girl with Goats, 1993.

External links

Ivan Aivazovsky, Brig Mercury Attacked by Two Turkish Ships, 1892.
Ivan Aivazovsky's hall at the State Russian Museum

References

  1. ICON PAINTING.
  2. Ivan Kramskoy.
  3. Wassily Kandinsky.