Difference between revisions of "Saddam Hussein"

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{{Dictator bio
'''Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti''', (''Arabic'' صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي) (April 28, 1937 – December 30, 2006) was the [[Sunni]] despot of [[Iraq]] from July 16, 1979<ref>http://usgovinfo.about.com/library/weekly/aasaddambio.htm</ref> to December 14, 2003<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3317429.stm</ref>.  
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| image        =
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| name        =Saddam Hussein
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| birth        =April 28, 1937<br/>Al-Awja, Iraq
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| parents      =Hussein 'Abid al-Majid<br/>Subha Tulfah al-Mussallat
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| religion    =Islam (Sunni)
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| education    =Cairo Law School, Egypt 1962-65 (dropped out)<br/>University of Baghdad (law degree, 1971)
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| spouse      =Sajida Talfah
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| children    =Uday Saddam Hussein al-Tikriti<br/>Qusay Saddam Hussein al-Tikriti<br/>Raghad Saddam<br/>Rana Saddam<br/>Hala Saddam
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| death        =December 30, 2006<br/>Kadhimiya, Iraq
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| deathmanner  =Executed by hanging
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| burial      =Al-Awja, Iraq
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| country      =[[Iraq]]
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| military    =n/a
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| rank        =n/a
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| polbeliefs  =Ba'athist
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| party        =[[Ba'ath Party]]
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| dictatordate =July 22, 1979
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| war          =[[Iran-Iraq War]]<br/>[[Invasion of Kuwait]]<br/>[[Persian Gulf War]]<br/>[[Iraq War]]
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| deathnumber  =1,000,000+
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}}
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'''Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti''' (most often referred to as simply Saddam Hussein) (April 28, 1937 – December 30, 2006) was the [[Sunni]] President of [[Iraq]] from July 16, 1979<ref>http://usgovinfo.about.com/library/weekly/aasaddambio.htm</ref> to December 14, 2003.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3317429.stm</ref> Hussein was a Socialist, following other modern [[Socialist]] movements and the [[Nasser]] model.
  
As is often the case, national alignments can change rapidly. During the 1980s, during the [[Iran-Iraq War]], the [[United States of America|United States]] considered Saddam Hussein to be a friend and assisted him with loans <ref>http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB82/</ref>. During the 1990s, however, after Iraq invaded and annexed Kuwait Hussein was considered one of America's greatest enemies.
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==Iran-Iraq War==
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During the 1980s, during the [[Iran-Iraq War]], the [[United States of America|United States]] considered Hussein to be a friend and assisted him with loans<ref>http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB82/</ref> up until the time of the [[Iranian initiative]] under [[President Ronald Reagan]] when U.S. policy shifted. Fearing the threat to Iraq's neighbors, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Israel, and the Gulf States if a militarized Iraq under Hussein emerged from the war intact, the U.S. through intermediaries began selling [[TOW missile]]s to Iran in what has come to be known as the [[Iran/Contra affair]], to break the deadlock and tip the balance in favor Iran.
  
He was one of the few modern leaders who used [[WMD]]s, specifically [[chemical weapon]]s, in war; and was the instigator of at least two wars: the [[Iran-Iraq War]] during the 1980s and Iraq's August, 1990, invasion of Kuwait.
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He was one of the few modern leaders who used [[weapons of mass destruction]], specifically [[chemical weapon]]s, in war; and was the instigator of at least two wars: the [[Iran-Iraq War]] during the 1980s and Iraq's August, 1990, invasion of Kuwait.
  
In 2003 a "[[coalition of the willing]]" invaded Iraq to force a change of regime from Saddam's [[Ba'athist]] party to a constitutional liberal democracy.  A further aim was to break the alliance between [[al Qaeda]] and Saddam Hussein, though this link has never been proven. <ref>[http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/003/033jgqyi.asp]</ref>.  
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On March the 16th 1988 Hussein used Sulfur mustard, [[Sarin]] and [[VX]] to kill his own [[Kurdistan|kurdish]] citizens.
  
Captured by U.S. forces on December 13, 2003, Saddam was brought to trial under the Iraqi interim government set up by U.S.-led forces. On November 5 2006, he was convicted of charges related to the executions of 148 Iraqi Shi'ites suspected of planning an assassination attempt against him, and was sentenced to death by hanging. Saddam was executed on December 30, 2006. Interestingly, the name "Saddam" means "one who confronts".{{fact}}
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==War on Terror==
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In 2003 a "[[coalition of the willing]]" invaded Iraq to force a change of regime from Hussein's [[Ba'athist]] party to a constitutional liberal democracy. A further aim was to break the alliance between [[al Qaeda]] and Hussein, though this link has never been proven.<ref>http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/003/033jgqyi.asp</ref>
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Egyptian President [[Hosni Mubarek]] and Libyan [[Socialist]] General Secretary [[Muammar Gaddafi]] in negotiations with Hussein relayed a message through Italian Prime Minister [[Silvio Berlusconi]] and Spanish President [[Jose Maria Aznar]] to UK Prime Minister [[Tony Blair]] and US President [[George W. Bush]] that Hussein feared assassination and would be willing to avoid removal by force and voluntarily go into exile, provided Hussein was allowed to take $1 billion dollars and "all the information he wants about [[weapons of mass destruction]]".<ref>[http://www.weeklystandard.com/weblogs/TWSFP/2007/09/saddam_risked_his_life_for_wmd_1.asp Saddam Risked His Life for WMD Secrets], ''WeeklyStandard.com. Spetember 29, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.mediainfo.com/eandp/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003646639 Scoop for Spanish Daily: Transcript of Private 2003 Bush Talk Promising Iraq Invasion], ''Editor & Publisher'', September 26, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/26/AR2007092602414.html Report Says Hussein Was Open To Exile Before 2003 Invasion], He Is Said to Have Sought $1 Billion and Information on Arms, By Karen DeYoung and Michael Abramowitz, ''[[Washington Post]], September 27, 2007; Page A17.</ref><ref>[http://www.elpais.com/articulo/espana/Llego/momento/deshacerse/Sadam/elpepunac/20070926elpepinac_1/Tes Llegó el momento de deshacerse de Sadam], ''El Pais'', 26/09/2007. (In Spanish).</ref>
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==Trial and Execution==
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[[Image:Saddam6.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Saddam Hussein after his capture, December 2003]]
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Captured by U.S. forces on December 13, 2003, Hussein was brought to trial under the Iraqi interim government set up by U.S.-led forces. On November 5 2006, a tribunal found him and 6 other co-defendants guilty of charges related to the executions of 148 Iraqi Shi'ites suspected of planning an assassination attempt against him. He was consequently sentenced to death by hanging. Following the sentence being affirmed on appeal, he was executed on December 30, 2006.
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
<references />
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{{reflist}}
  
[[Category:Heads of state]]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hussein, Saddam}}
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[[Category:Iraq]]
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[[category:war criminals]]
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[[Category:Reagan Era]]
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[[Category:Middle East]]
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[[Category:Dictators]]

Revision as of 15:21, September 3, 2014

Saddam Hussein
Personal life
Date and place of birth April 28, 1937
Al-Awja, Iraq
Parents Hussein 'Abid al-Majid
Subha Tulfah al-Mussallat
Claimed religion Islam (Sunni)
Education Cairo Law School, Egypt 1962-65 (dropped out)
University of Baghdad (law degree, 1971)
Spouse Sajida Talfah
Children Uday Saddam Hussein al-Tikriti
Qusay Saddam Hussein al-Tikriti
Raghad Saddam
Rana Saddam
Hala Saddam
Date & Place of Death December 30, 2006
Kadhimiya, Iraq
Manner of Death Executed by hanging
Place of burial Al-Awja, Iraq
Dictatorial career
Country Iraq
Military service n/a
Highest rank attained n/a
Political beliefs Ba'athist
Political party Ba'ath Party
Date of dictatorship July 22, 1979
Wars started Iran-Iraq War
Invasion of Kuwait
Persian Gulf War
Iraq War
Number of deaths attributed 1,000,000+

Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (most often referred to as simply Saddam Hussein) (April 28, 1937 – December 30, 2006) was the Sunni President of Iraq from July 16, 1979[1] to December 14, 2003.[2] Hussein was a Socialist, following other modern Socialist movements and the Nasser model.

Iran-Iraq War

During the 1980s, during the Iran-Iraq War, the United States considered Hussein to be a friend and assisted him with loans[3] up until the time of the Iranian initiative under President Ronald Reagan when U.S. policy shifted. Fearing the threat to Iraq's neighbors, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Israel, and the Gulf States if a militarized Iraq under Hussein emerged from the war intact, the U.S. through intermediaries began selling TOW missiles to Iran in what has come to be known as the Iran/Contra affair, to break the deadlock and tip the balance in favor Iran.

He was one of the few modern leaders who used weapons of mass destruction, specifically chemical weapons, in war; and was the instigator of at least two wars: the Iran-Iraq War during the 1980s and Iraq's August, 1990, invasion of Kuwait.

On March the 16th 1988 Hussein used Sulfur mustard, Sarin and VX to kill his own kurdish citizens.

War on Terror

In 2003 a "coalition of the willing" invaded Iraq to force a change of regime from Hussein's Ba'athist party to a constitutional liberal democracy. A further aim was to break the alliance between al Qaeda and Hussein, though this link has never been proven.[4]

Egyptian President Hosni Mubarek and Libyan Socialist General Secretary Muammar Gaddafi in negotiations with Hussein relayed a message through Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi and Spanish President Jose Maria Aznar to UK Prime Minister Tony Blair and US President George W. Bush that Hussein feared assassination and would be willing to avoid removal by force and voluntarily go into exile, provided Hussein was allowed to take $1 billion dollars and "all the information he wants about weapons of mass destruction".[5][6][7][8]

Trial and Execution

Saddam Hussein after his capture, December 2003

Captured by U.S. forces on December 13, 2003, Hussein was brought to trial under the Iraqi interim government set up by U.S.-led forces. On November 5 2006, a tribunal found him and 6 other co-defendants guilty of charges related to the executions of 148 Iraqi Shi'ites suspected of planning an assassination attempt against him. He was consequently sentenced to death by hanging. Following the sentence being affirmed on appeal, he was executed on December 30, 2006.

References