Difference between revisions of "Tito"
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* Beloff, Nora. ''Tito's Flawed Legacy: Yugoslavia and the West since 1939.'' (1986). 287 pp. | * Beloff, Nora. ''Tito's Flawed Legacy: Yugoslavia and the West since 1939.'' (1986). 287 pp. | ||
* Brands, Henry W. "Redefining the Cold War: American Policy toward Yugoslavia, 1948–60," ''Diplomatic History'' (1987) v.11 #1 pp 41-54 | * Brands, Henry W. "Redefining the Cold War: American Policy toward Yugoslavia, 1948–60," ''Diplomatic History'' (1987) v.11 #1 pp 41-54 | ||
− | * Dedijer, Vladimir. ''Tito'' (1972) | + | * Dedijer, Vladimir. ''Tito'' (1972) [http://www.questia.com/read/10940542?title=Tito online edition] |
* Djilas, Milovan. ''Tito: The Story from Inside'' (1980) highly revealing memoir by top aide. | * Djilas, Milovan. ''Tito: The Story from Inside'' (1980) highly revealing memoir by top aide. | ||
+ | * Korbel, Josef. ''Tito's Communism'' (1951) 370 pp. [http://www.questia.com/read/3758805?title=Tito's%20Communism online edition] | ||
* Lees, Lorraine M. "The American Decision to Assist Tito, 1948–1949," ''Diplomatic History'' (1978) v. 2 #4, pp 407-422; online at [[Wiley Interscience]] | * Lees, Lorraine M. "The American Decision to Assist Tito, 1948–1949," ''Diplomatic History'' (1978) v. 2 #4, pp 407-422; online at [[Wiley Interscience]] | ||
+ | * Lees, Lorraine M. ''Keeping Tito Afloat: The United States, Yugoslavia, and the Cold War'' (1996) 247pp [http://www.questia.com/read/9375187?title=Keeping%20Tito%20Afloat%3a%20The%20United%20States%2c%20Yugoslavia%2c%20and%20the%20Cold%20War online edition] | ||
* Pavlowitch, Stevan K. ''Tito, Yugoslavia's Great Dictator'' (1992). | * Pavlowitch, Stevan K. ''Tito, Yugoslavia's Great Dictator'' (1992). | ||
− | * Roberts, Walter R. ''Tito, Mihailovich, and the Allies, 1941-1945'' (1973) | + | * Roberts, Walter R. ''Tito, Mihailovich, and the Allies, 1941-1945'' (1973) [http://www.questia.com/read/97541664?title=Tito%2c%20Mihailoviac%20and%20the%20Allies%2c%201941-1945 online edition] |
* Vucinich, Wayne S., ed. ''At the Brink of War and Peace: The Tito-Stalin Split in a Historic Perspective.'' (1982). 341 pp. | * Vucinich, Wayne S., ed. ''At the Brink of War and Peace: The Tito-Stalin Split in a Historic Perspective.'' (1982). 341 pp. | ||
* West, Richard. ''Tito and the Rise and Fall of Yugoslavia.'' (1995). 448 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/Tito-Rise-Fall-Yugoslavia-Richard/dp/0786703326/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1243458862&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search] | * West, Richard. ''Tito and the Rise and Fall of Yugoslavia.'' (1995). 448 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/Tito-Rise-Fall-Yugoslavia-Richard/dp/0786703326/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1243458862&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search] | ||
− | + | * [http://www.questia.com/library/history/european-history/southern-europe/josip-broz-tito.jsp online books on Tito] | |
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> |
Revision as of 08:54, May 28, 2009
Tito (born Josip Broz, 1892–1980) was an ethnic Croat who led Yugoslavia, from 1943 until his death. Tito was an independent Communist. Tito spent much time in the Soviet Union and became a member of the Comintern. He became general secretary of the Yugoslav Communist Party (CPY) in 1937 and returned to Yugoslavia during World War II and led the Yugoslav Partisans. After World War II he defied Stalin and founded the Non-Aligned Movement and received military and economic aid from the United States. He held Yugoslavia together; after his death it disintegrates into chaos and civil war.
Contents
Leading the Yugoslav Partisans
In 1941 Nazi Germany invaded Yugoslavia and swiftly reduced it to submission. The government of Yugoslavia fled and joined other exile governments in London. Colonel Draja Mikhailovitch remained behind in Yugoslavia to lead the Chetnik army[1] which quickly started collaborating with Axis forces. The Chetniks' prime goals were the dectruction of Communism and the fight for a Greater Serbia (Chetniks often slaughtered Croats and Bosnians on nationally-mixed teritories)[2].
Tito’s antifascist guerrilla movement, formed in 1941 to oppose Axis aggression, was fully supported by Stalin.
The Yugoslav government-in-exile in London continued to support Mikhailovitch and his Chetniks. The British Foreign Office cut a middle path; it denied use of BBC radio to the exiles.
President Franklin Roosevelt at the Teheran conference in 1943, joined with Winston Churchill and agreed to Soviet demands to support Tito. Churchill in February 1944 indicated Britain was no longer sending supplies to Mikhailovitch. Tito took control of the anti-Nazi forces and after the war Mikhailovitch was executed as a collaborator with the Nazis.
Break-up with Moscow
The Soviet army never reached Yugoslavia, or else the Soviets might have seized control. Instead Tito installed a comprehensive dictatorship of the Communist Party.
"Stop sending people to kill me," Tito once wrote to Joseph Stalin. "If you don't stop sending killers, I'll send one to Moscow, and I won't have to send a second." Stalin expelled the Yugoslav Communist Party on June 28, 1948. Tito was perhaps the only person who stood up to Stalin and survived. The U.S. provided large-scale shipments of military equipment in the 1950s.
Cold War
"Titoism" meant a form of Communism trying to be independent from the Soviet Union. Tito accepted fellow Yugoslav Communist Milovan Djilas's proposal of self-management of factories to show that Yugoslavia was more communist than the Soviet Union yet more democratic than the West. The new constitutional law of 1953 contained the concept of socialist direct democracy as the expression of the working people through self-management. With the death of Stalin, Tito was reconciled with the Soviet leaders, and Djilas's attempt to apply criticism of Soviet Communism to Yugoslavia led to his trials and incarceration. Liberalization of Communism ended in Yugoslavia and Tito turned his ambitions as a leader outside the two blocs, to the countries of the Third World. Tito then followed an independent course in foreign affairs--maintaining good relations with the East European Communist satellite states, while establishing ties with the Western powers and nonaligned nations. He built a multiethnic Communist state notable for its policies of economic decentralization and increased worker participation in government. Made marshal of Yugoslavia and elected president in 1953, Tito became president for life in 1974
Further reading
- Barnett, Neil. Tito (2006) excerpt and text search
- Beloff, Nora. Tito's Flawed Legacy: Yugoslavia and the West since 1939. (1986). 287 pp.
- Brands, Henry W. "Redefining the Cold War: American Policy toward Yugoslavia, 1948–60," Diplomatic History (1987) v.11 #1 pp 41-54
- Dedijer, Vladimir. Tito (1972) online edition
- Djilas, Milovan. Tito: The Story from Inside (1980) highly revealing memoir by top aide.
- Korbel, Josef. Tito's Communism (1951) 370 pp. online edition
- Lees, Lorraine M. "The American Decision to Assist Tito, 1948–1949," Diplomatic History (1978) v. 2 #4, pp 407-422; online at Wiley Interscience
- Lees, Lorraine M. Keeping Tito Afloat: The United States, Yugoslavia, and the Cold War (1996) 247pp online edition
- Pavlowitch, Stevan K. Tito, Yugoslavia's Great Dictator (1992).
- Roberts, Walter R. Tito, Mihailovich, and the Allies, 1941-1945 (1973) online edition
- Vucinich, Wayne S., ed. At the Brink of War and Peace: The Tito-Stalin Split in a Historic Perspective. (1982). 341 pp.
- West, Richard. Tito and the Rise and Fall of Yugoslavia. (1995). 448 pp. excerpt and text search
- online books on Tito
References
- ↑ David Martin, Ally Betrayed, Prentice-Hall, 1946, pps. 224-231,
- ↑ A symposium about chetnik crimes in Bosnia