Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Gough Whitlam

2011-01-25T05:34:39Z

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{{PM
|dob=11 July
|yob=1916
|birthplace=Kew, Victoria
|dod=
|yod=
|wife=Margaret Whitlam
|party=Australian Labor Party
|succ={{Succession
|hdg=Prime Minister
|start-date=5 December
|start-year=1972
|end-date=11 November
|end-year=1975
|prev=William McMahon
|next=Malcolm Fraser
}}
}}
The '''Hon. Edward Gough Whitlam''' was [[Australian Labor Party]] [[Prime Minister]] of [[Australia]] between 1972 and 1975. In Australian political history, he is most famously associated with the events of 1975, when he was dismissed from office in a controversial move by the [[Governor General]], Sir John Kerr,<ref>National Archives of Australia</ref> following a parliamentary impasse with the Senate (which was at the time controlled by the Opposition).

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==References==

<references/>
{{clear}}
{{Australian Prime Ministers}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Whitlam,Gough}}

Iliad

2011-01-25T05:34:20Z

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[[Image:Homer British Museum.jpg|thumb|Homer (British Museum)]]
'''The Iliad''' is an epic poem widely believed to have been written by [[Homer]], the legendary [[Greece|Greek]] rhapsode, in the 8th century B.C. The poem details the legendary [[Trojan War]] (''Ilium'' being the Latin name of [[Troy]]) and the in-fighting of many Ancient Greek mythological heroes. Traditionally, the siege of Troy is believed to have taken place in 1184 B.C.<ref>The Encyclopedia of Military History, Dupuy & Dupuy, 1979</ref>

The ''Iliad'' was revered by Greeks and all who followed in the Greek legacy, attempting to emulate it. It received something on the order of [[Biblical]] significance by later Greeks, seeking to define the prime values of their culture - honor, and valor. [[Alexander the Great]] is said to have slept with a copy of the ''Iliad'' under his bed, and claimed to be a descendant of the Greek warrior [[Achilles]].

Along with the ''[[Odyssey]]'', which primarily recounts events that took place after the Trojan War, the ''Iliad'' is one of the two main ancient Greek epic poems.

{{Quotebox|Sing, O goddess, the anger of Achilles son of Peleus, that brought countless ills upon the [[Achaean]]s. Many a brave soul did it send hurrying down to [[Hades]], and many a hero did it yield a prey to dogs and vultures, for so were the counsels of [[Zeus|Jove]] fulfilled from the day on which the son of Atreus, king of men, and great Achilles, first fell out with one another. --''Iliad'', Book I, trans. Samuel Butler}}

Modern readers seeking an account of the Trojan War may be surprised to find that the most famous episode - the Trojan Horse - does not feature in the Iliad at all. Instead the poem concentrates on the in-fighting between the rival Greek kings Achilles and Agammemnon.
[[Image:Rubens Greek gods.jpg|thumb|Rubens, Greek gods]]

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== See also ==

*[[Atlas]]
*[[Greek mythology]]
*[[Pisistratus]]

==External Links==
* [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.01.0133 Greek text]
* [http://classics.mit.edu/Homer/iliad.html English prose translation] by Samuel Butler, 1900
* [http://www.mala.bc.ca/~johnstoi/homer/iliad_title.htm English verse translation] by Ian Johnston, 2000

==References==

<References/>

{{Nb_mythology_iliad}}
[[Category:Poetry]]
[[Category:Ancient Greece]]
[[Category:Books]]

Plimsoll mark

2011-01-25T05:32:59Z

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A series of horizontal lines, corresponding to the seasons of the year and fresh or saltwater, painted on the outside of a ship marking the level which must remain above the surface of the water for the vessel’s stability.<ref>U.S. Department of Transportation Maritime Administration [http://www.marad.dot.gov/publications/glossary/glossary.html]</ref>

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Battle of the Eastern Solomons

2011-01-25T05:32:16Z

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The '''Battle of the Eastern Solomons''' was a battle between Japanese and American [[aircraft carrier]]s in [[World War II]]. One Japanese carrier was sunk, and an American carrier, the [[USS Enterprise (CV-6)|USS ''Enterprise'']], was damaged. It was part of the [[Guadalcanal]] campaign.

Americans had landed on the island of Guadalcanal on August 7, 1942, and established a toehold on a small area on the north side of the island. This toehold included [[Henderson Field]], an air field that served as a base for Army and Marine Corps airplanes. The area was also covered by the aircraft carriers [[USS Enterprise (CV-6)|''Enterprise'']], [[USS Saratoga (CV-3)|''Saratoga'']], and [[USS Wasp (CV-7)|''Wasp'']], supported by the battleship [[North Carolina-class battleship|''North Carolina'']] and four [[cruisers]]. The goal of [[Isoroku Yamamoto]], commander of Japan’s naval forces, was to sink the American carriers and deprive Henderson Field of their protection.

On August 23, a Japanese fleet under Vice-Admiral Nagumo entered the area. This fleet included four transports loaded with troops, three battleships, and most importantly, three aircraft carriers. The ''[[Shokaku]]'' and ''[[Zuikaku]]'', both fleet carriers and veterans of [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|Pearl Harbor]], were to provide the main striking force, and the light carrier ''[[Ryujo]]'', a veteran of the Japanese campaign to capture the [[Aleutian Islands]], was to act as bait, drawing American air power away from the main body.

Early the next morning, a 27-aircraft strike force from the ''Ryujo'' attacked Henderson Field, but did no serious damage and was met by [[Marine Corps]] [[F4F Wildcat|Wildcat]] fighters. Sixteen Japanese aircraft were shot down (three by famed Marine [[Flying ace|ace]] Marion Carl) in exchange for three Wildcats.<ref>''Semper Fi in the Sky: The Marine Air Battles of World War II'', by Gerald Astor, Presidio Press, 2005</ref> American reconnaissance planes found the little carrier later in the day, and planes from the ''Saratoga'' and ''Enterprise'' were sent after her. (The American commander, Admiral [[Frank Fletcher]], had sent the ''Wasp'' to be refueled, so it played no part in the battle.) The strike found ''Ryujo'' and sank her.

At the same time, planes from the ''Shokaku'' and ''Zuikaku'' attacked the ''Enterprise''. Her defending Wildcat fighters were able to ward off the [[Nakajima B5N|torpedo planes]], but some of the [[Aichi D3A|dive bombers]] got through, and she suffered three bomb hits, which resulted in fires, at least one secondary explosion, and a list. However, the fires were soon brought under control, and the Enterprise was able to recover her planes and get underway. Aircraft losses were 20 American planes and 70 Japanese, including the 37 based on the ''Ryujo''.<ref>''Oxford Guide to World War II'', ed. by I.C.B. Dear, Oxford University Press, 1995</ref>

On the 25th, land-based aircraft, some of them from Henderson Field, attacked the Japanese fleet, sinking a destroyer and a transport and damaging a cruiser. Facing the almost certain prospect of further air attacks, the Japanese turned back, abandoning the operation.<ref>''A History of War at Sea'', by Helmut Pemsel, Naval Institute Press, 1975</ref>

The U.S. Navy had stolen Yamamoto’s bait. More significantly, the Americans had prevented the Japanese from landing their reinforcements at [[Guadalcanal]]. The most important long-term effect was the loss of even more hard-to-replace Japanese air crew. The ''Enterprise'' had to leave for repairs (after sending some of her bombers and fighters to Henderson Field to reinforce the Marines), but was able to make [[Pearl Harbor]] under her own steam. She was back in a few weeks, in time for the [[Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands|Battle of Santa Cruz]].<ref>''The Illustrated Directory of the United States Navy'', by Chester G. Hearn, Salamander Books, 2003</ref>

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==Links==
*[http://www.historyanimated.com/EasternSolomonsPage.html Battle of the Eastern Solomons] at HistoryAnimated.com
*[http://www.microworks.net/PACIFIC/battles/eastern_solomons.htm The Carriers Meet Again]
*[http://www.navweaps.com/index_oob/OOB_WWII_Pacific/OOB_WWII_Eastern-Solomons.htm Order of Battle]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Eastern Solomons, Battle of the}}
[[Category:Naval Battles]]
[[Category:World War II Battles]]
[[Category:United States Navy]]

Little Ice Age

2011-01-25T05:31:19Z

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A [[cold period]] that lasted from about A.D. 1550 to about A.D. 1850. This was the coldest period in about 1,500 years. There are many records - both scientific and historic that substantiate this.
This period was marked by rapid expansion of mountain [[glacier]]s, especially in the Alps, Norway, Ireland, and Alaska. There were three maxima, beginning about 1650, about 1770, and 1850, each separated by slight [[warming trend]]. <ref> [http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/glossary.php3?mode=all NASA Earth Observatory glossary] </ref>
*During the Little Ice Age, the [[River Thames]] froze over, the Dutch developed the [[ice skate]] and the great artists of the day learned to love a new genre: the winter landscape.<ref>[http://network.nationalpost.com/np/blogs/fpcomment/archive/2008/05/31/the-deniers-our-spotless-sun.aspx The Deniers: Our spotless sun]</ref>
An attempt was made by the UN's global warming study panel to dismiss the existence of the Little Ice Age, using the notorious [[hockey stick graph]] of Dr. [[Michael Mann]].

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==External links==
*[http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/mandias/lia/little_ice_age.html The LIA in Europe]
*[http://www.iberianature.com/material/iceage.html The LIA in Spain]
*[http://www-user.zfn.uni-bremen.de/~gheiss/Personal/Abstracts/SAJS2000_Abstr.html The Little Ice Age and Medieval Warming in South Africa] (abstract)

==See Also==
* [[Medieval Warm Period]]

* A 700 year record of Southern Hemisphere extratropical climate variability (''Annals of Glaciology'', vol. 39, p.127-132, 2004) - P.A Mayewski, K. Maasch, J.W.C White, E.J. Steig, E. Meyerson, I. Goodwin, V.I. Morgan, T. van Ommen, M.A.J. Curran, J. Sourney, K. Kreutz
* Low-Frequency Signals in Long Tree-Ring Chronologies for Reconstructing Past Temperature Variability (''Science'', vol. 295. no. 5563, pp. 2250 - 2253, 22 March 2002) - Jan Esper, Edward R. Cook, Fritz H. Schweingruber
* Medieval Warm Period, Little Ice Age and 20th century temperature variability from Chesapeake Bay (''Global and Planetary Change'', vol. 36, issues 1-2, March 2003, Pages 17-29) - T. M. Cronin, G. S. Dwyer, T. Kamiya, S. Schwede, D. A. Willard
* The Little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Period in the Sargasso Sea (''Science'', vol. 274. no. 5292, pp. 1503 - 1508, 29 November 1996) - Lloyd D. Keigwin
* The Little Ice Age and Medieval Warming in South Africa (South African Journal of Science 96: 121-126, 2000) - P. D. Tyson, W. Karlén, K. Holmgren and G. A. Heiss
* Torneträsk tree-ring width and density ad 500–2004: a test of climatic sensitivity and a new 1500-year reconstruction of north Fennoscandian summers (''Climate Dynamics'', January, 2008) - Håkan Grudd
* Tree-ring and glacial evidence for the medieval warm epoch and the little ice age in southern South America (''Climatic Change'', vol. 26, nos. 2-3, March, 1994) - Ricardo Villalba


[[Category:Geology]]
[[Category:Environment]]

List of metropolitan areas by population

2011-01-25T05:30:50Z

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The following is a list of the twenty largest metropolitan areas in 2003 as defined by one source.<ref>R.L. Forstall, R.P. Greene, and J.B. Pick, [http://www.uic.edu/cuppa/cityfutures/papers/webpapers/cityfuturespapers/session3_4/3_4whicharethe.pdf "Which are the largest? Why published populations for major world urban areas vary so greatly"], City Futures Conference, (University of Illinois at Chicago, July 2004) – Table 5 (p.34)</ref> As population figures are interpreted and presented differently according to different methods of data collection, definitions and sources, these numbers should be viewed as approximate. Data from other sources may be equally valid but differ due to being measured according to different criteria or taken from different census years.

{| class="sortable wikitable"
!Rank!!Metropolitan area!!Country!!Population!!Area (km2)!!Population Density (People/km2)
|-
|1||[[Tokyo]]||{{JPN}}||32,450,000||8,014||4,049
|-
|2||[[Seoul]]||{{KOR}}||20,550,000||5,076||4,048
|-
|3||[[Mexico City]]<ref>Consists of two separate [[Metropolitan areas of Mexico|zona metropolitanas]]: the Zona Metropolitana del Valle de Mexico (ZMVM) and the Zona Metropolitana de Toluca (ZMT)</ref>||{{MEX}}||20,450,000||7,346||2,784
|-
|4||[[New York City]]<ref>Consists of two separate [[metropolitan statistical area]]s (MSA): the New York-Northern New Jersey Long Island MSA and the Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk MSA.</ref>||{{USA}}||19,750,000||17,884||1,104
|-
|5||[[Mumbai]]||{{IND}}||19,200,000||2,350||8,170
|-
|6||[[Jakarta]]||{{IDN}}||18,900,000||5,100||3,706
|-
|7||[[São Paulo]]||{{BRA}}||18,850,000||8,479||2,223
|-
|8||[[Delhi]]||{{IND}}||18,600,000||3,182||5,845
|-
|9||[[Osaka]]-[[Kobe]]-[[Kyoto]]||{{JPN}}||17,375,000||6,930||2,507
|-
|10||[[Shanghai]]||{{CHN}}||16,650,000||5,177||3,216
|-
|11||[[Manila]]||{{PHL}}||16,300,000||2,521||6,466
|-
|12||[[Hong Kong]]-[[Shenzhen]]<ref>There are restrictions on the movement of labor between Hong Kong and mainland China and the two areas are sometimes listed separately in other lists.</ref>||{{CHN}}||15,800,000||3,051||5,179
|-
|13||[[Los Angeles]]||{{USA}}||15,250,000||10,780||1,415
|-
|14||[[Kolkata]]||{{IND}}||15,100,000||1,785||8,459
|-
|15||[[Moscow]]||{{RUS}}||15,000,000||14,925||1,005
|-
|16||[[Cairo]]||{{EGY}}||14,450,000||1,600||9,031
|-
|17||[[Buenos Aires]]||{{ARG}}||13,170,000||10,888||1,210
|-
|18||[[London]]||{{UK}}||12,875,000||11,391||1,130
|-
|19||[[Beijing]]||{{CHN}}||12,500,000||6,562||1,905
|-
|20||[[Karachi]]||{{PAK}}||11,800,000||1,100||10,727
|}

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Simon the Apostle

2011-01-25T05:29:26Z

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[[Image:Saint Simon.jpg|left]]
'''Simon the Zealot''' (Saint Simon in [[Catholic]] and [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] traditions} was one of [[Jesus]]'s [[twelve Apostles]]. He was nicknamed "the [[Zealot]]" because of his membership in the Zealite party, which was a violent faction at the time. <ref>http://www.aboutbibleprophecy.com/p67.htm</ref> The Zealots were a nationalistic sect with very strong political views. St. Simon is also known for his rigid adherence to the Jewish law and to the Canaanite law. He was one of the original followers of Christ.

Saint Simon's usual attribute is the saw, since his body was said to have been sawed to pieces, and more rarely the lance.

'''Feastday:''' October 28, May 10.

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== External links ==

*[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=241 Saint Simon of Zealot] Catholic Online.
*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13796b.htm St. Simon] Catholic Encyclopedia.

==References==
<references/>

[[category:12 Disciples]]
[[Category:Saints]]