Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Kris Mayes

2024-06-22T22:08:15Z

Aidanram0: Link shortened

'''Kristin Kay Mayes''' (birth year disputed, fl.<ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/floruit</ref> April 25, 2024) has "served" as the fascist Democrat Attorney General of Arizona since the same fraudulent election that installed [[Katie Hobbs]] as "Governor". She is best known for her work in the sham indictment against eighteen Republicans<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/documents/60db1a4f-b6a8-4973-9b3c-6aefb53ac5e8.pdf</ref>, including eleven Republican alternate electors. Due to her evident corruption, the Arizona House of Representatives recommended her impeachment<ref>[https://www.azleg.gov/press/house/56LEG/2R/240529JPARKERAGREPORT.pdf https://www.azleg.gov/press/house]</ref>. Like [[Dana Nessel]], the Democrat Attorney General of Michigan, Mayes is a lesbian (and the first to occupy her position<ref>https://victoryfund.org/news/kris-mayes-shatters-lavender-ceiling-first-lgbtq-person-elected-as-arizona-attorney-general/</ref>).

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

Kris Mayes

2024-06-22T03:22:02Z

Aidanram0: References

'''Kristin Kay Mayes''' (birth year disputed, fl.<ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/floruit</ref> April 25, 2024) has "served" as the fascist Democrat Attorney General of Arizona since the same fraudulent election that installed [[Katie Hobbs]] as "Governor". She is best known for her work in the sham indictment against eighteen Republicans<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/documents/60db1a4f-b6a8-4973-9b3c-6aefb53ac5e8.pdf</ref>, including eleven Republican alternate electors. Due to her evident corruption, the Arizona House of Representatives recommended her impeachment<ref>https://www.azleg.gov/press/house/56LEG/2R/240529JPARKERAGREPORT.pdf</ref>. Like [[Dana Nessel]], the Democrat Attorney General of Michigan, Mayes is a lesbian (and the first to occupy her position<ref>https://victoryfund.org/news/kris-mayes-shatters-lavender-ceiling-first-lgbtq-person-elected-as-arizona-attorney-general/</ref>).

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

Kris Mayes

2024-06-22T01:06:26Z

Aidanram0:

Kristin Kay Mayes (birth year disputed, fl.<ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/floruit</ref> April 25, 2024) has "served" as the fascist Democrat Attorney General of Arizona since the same fraudulent election that installed [[Katie Hobbs]] as "Governor". She is best known for her work in the sham indictment against eighteen Republicans<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/documents/60db1a4f-b6a8-4973-9b3c-6aefb53ac5e8.pdf</ref>, including eleven Republican alternate electors. Due to her evident corruption, the Arizona House of Representatives recommended her impeachment<ref>https://www.azleg.gov/press/house/56LEG/2R/240529JPARKERAGREPORT.pdf</ref>. Like [[Dana Nessel]], the Democrat Attorney General of Michigan, Mayes is a lesbian (and the first to occupy her position<ref>https://victoryfund.org/news/kris-mayes-shatters-lavender-ceiling-first-lgbtq-person-elected-as-arizona-attorney-general/</ref>).

Kris Mayes

2024-06-22T01:05:50Z

Aidanram0:

Kristin Kay Mayes (birth year disputed, fl.<ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/floruit</ref> April 25, 2024) has "served" as the fascist Democrat Attorney General of Arizona since the same fraudulent election that installed [[Katie Hobbs]] as "Governor". She is best known for her work in the sham indictment against eighteen Republicans<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/documents/60db1a4f-b6a8-4973-9b3c-6aefb53ac5e8.pdf</ref>, including eleven Republican [[[[https://www.conservapedia.com/Alternate_Electors|alternate electors]]]]. Due to her evident corruption, the Arizona House of Representatives recommended her impeachment<ref>https://www.azleg.gov/press/house/56LEG/2R/240529JPARKERAGREPORT.pdf</ref>. Like [[Dana Nessel]], the Democrat Attorney General of Michigan, Mayes is a lesbian (and the first to occupy her position<ref>https://victoryfund.org/news/kris-mayes-shatters-lavender-ceiling-first-lgbtq-person-elected-as-arizona-attorney-general/</ref>).

Kris Mayes

2024-06-22T01:04:29Z

Aidanram0: I created this article, seeing there was not one before.

Kristin Kay Mayes (birth year disputed, fl.<ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/floruit</ref> April 25, 2024) has "served" as the fascist Democrat Attorney General of Arizona since the same fraudulent election that installed [[Katie Hobbs]] as "Governor". She is best known for her work in the sham indictment against eighteen Republicans<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/documents/60db1a4f-b6a8-4973-9b3c-6aefb53ac5e8.pdf</ref>, including eleven Republican [[alternate electors]]. Due to her evident corruption, the Arizona House of Representatives recommended her impeachment<ref>https://www.azleg.gov/press/house/56LEG/2R/240529JPARKERAGREPORT.pdf</ref>. Like [[Dana Nessel]], the Democrat Attorney General of Michigan, Mayes is a lesbian (and the first to occupy her position<ref>https://victoryfund.org/news/kris-mayes-shatters-lavender-ceiling-first-lgbtq-person-elected-as-arizona-attorney-general/</ref>).

2024 Presidential election interference

2024-05-27T06:10:42Z

Aidanram0:

[[File:Biden Garland.PNG|right|285px|thumb|Biden and cohort Merrick Garland.<ref>[https://thepeoplesvoice.tv/evidence-emerges-that-biden-personally-authorized-fbi-raid-on-trump/ Evidence Emerges That Biden Personally Authorized FBI Raid on Trump],
Sean Adl-Tabatabai News, August 10, 2022.</ref>]]
'''2024 Presidential election interference''' is a series of [[lawfare]] actions by the [[Biden junta]], the [[Democratic party]], and the [[Deep State]] to thwart [[American]] [[democracy]] in the [[2024 Presidential election]].<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2023/06/17/harvard-poll-most-voters-say-trump-indictment-election-interference-believe-hell-be-acquitted/ Harvard Poll: Most Voters Say Trump Indictment Is Election Interference, Believe He’ll Be Acquitted], Nick Gilbertson, ''[[Breitbart News]], June 17, 2023.</ref>

Some of the alleged [[conspirator]]s involved are [[Joe Biden]], [[Merrick Garland]], [[Chris Wray]], [[Jack Smith]], [[Letitia James]], [[Alvin Bragg]], and [[Fani Willis]].

Manhattan [[district attorney]] and [[Soros mercenary]] [[Fat Alvin Bragg]] filed a [[sham indictment]] in March 2023, followed by the [[Mar-a-Lago raid]] in June 2023 and sham indictments brought by incompetent federal special counsel [[Dirty Jack Smith]] in [[Florida]] and [[D.C.]] and then a sham indictment including 18 other individuals brought in [[Georgia]] by Fulton country [[DA]] [[Big Fani Willis]]. Willis asked for a trial date on March 4, 2024, one day before [[Super Tuesday]].<ref>[https://youtu.be/0Z-Qz4A7AqU Trump indictment: DA wants March 4 trial date, 1 day before Super Tuesday | LiveNOW from FOX], August 16, 2023.</ref>

Virtually all indictments ignore [[free speech]] rights, the charge in [[New York]], [[Washington, D.C.]], and [[Georgia]] essentially guarantee denying [[President Trump]] [[due process]] and the right to a fair trial. The [[DC persecution of Trump]] is based upon the [[conspiracy theory]] of the [[Trump insurrection hoax]]. All indictments are emblematic of America's [[two-tier justice system]].

On December 8, 2024, the [[New Hampshire]] [[Attorney General]] sent a Cease and Desist Order to the [[Democratic National Committee]] for [[voter suppression]] and violation of the state's election laws.<ref>https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2024/01/08/new-hampshire-attorney-general-sends-cease-and-desist-letter-to-dnc-as-national-party-tells-democrats-the-upcoming-presidential-primary-is-meaningless-vote-for-nikki-haley/</ref>

==DC insurrection hoax case==
{{See also|DC persecution of Trump}}
[[File:Epps 2.PNG|right|300px|thumb|[[Ray Epps]], FBI ''agent provocateur'']]
The Trump insurrection hoax case was another [[conspiracy]] claim made by the [[Biden DOJ]] and special inquisitor [[Jack Smith]] alleging [[President Donald Trump]] was behind a plot to lead an insurrection against the [[United States Government]] in January 2021. At the direction of Socialist Premier [[Joseph Biden]], Smith filed charges against President Trump in the summer of 2023,<ref>https://townhall.com/tipsheet/katiepavlich/2023/08/07/joe-biden-directed-his-attorney-general-to-prosecute-trump-over-january-6-n2626607?</ref> then the [[2024 Presidential election]] frontrunner, in an effort to interfere in the 2024 presidential election and thwart [[American]] [[democracy]]. A series of indictments were brought in different venues.

The DC persecution of Trump is an unprecedented attempt by [[Trump]]-hating prosecutors and judges in [[Washington, D.C.]] to [[liberal censorship|censor]] and even imprison Trump to try to prevent him from reelected as president.

This misuse of prosecutorial power, led by the academically underachieving [[Jack Smith]], violates at least 3 provisions and principles of the [[U.S. Constitution]]:
*the Qualifications Clause (Article II, Section 1, Clause 5)
*the [[First Amendment]] right of the [[American]] people to hear from the front-runner for president, and [[Trump]]'s right to campaign
*[[Separation of Powers|separation of powers]] doctrine

The judge overseeing the [[DC persecution of Trump]],<ref>[https://technofog.substack.com/p/trumps-dc-judge-evidence-of-bia Trump's DC Judge - Evidence of Bias], TECHNO FOG, AUG 10, 2023.</ref> Judge Tanya Chutkan, according to the ''[[New York Post]]'' is "the scion of a family of revolutionary [[Marxist]]s in her native [[Jamaica]]."<ref>https://nypost.com/2023/08/26/judge-in-trump-jan-6-case-is-scion-of-marxists/</ref> Robert Barnes alleged she is the granddaughter of hard core [[communist]]s.<ref>[https://youtu.be/SFFuSfzc63I Robert Barnes Reveals Hard Core COMMIE Background of J6 Judge Chutkan]</ref> Chutkan worked at Boies Schiller Flexner law firm in DC at the same time Joe Biden's crackhead son [[Hunter Biden]] also worked there between 2010 and 2014; when Hunter Biden left the firm in 2014 to join the board of [[Burisma]] oil and gas in an influence peddling and [[bribery]] scheme for then [[Vice President Joe Biden]], Hunter placed the firm on $250,000 retainer for Burisma.<ref>https://news.yahoo.com/fact-check-did-judge-trump-224400905.html</ref> On September 11, 2023, Trump attorneys filed a motion asking Chutkan to recuse herself, citing her prior statements suggesting [[bias]].<ref>https://justthenews.com/government/courts-law/trump-legal-team-asks-jan-6-indictment-judge-recuse-herself</ref> [[CBS News]] reported "Judge Chutkan has, in connection with other cases, suggested that President Trump should be prosecuted and imprisoned. Such statements, made before this case began and without [[due process]], are inherently disqualifying."<ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-asks-judge-tanya-chutkan-jan-6-case-to-recuse-herself/</ref>

Both the prosecutors and the presiding judge took an oath to abide by the [[U.S. Constitution]], yet are not complying with the above provisions.
{{cquote|[On August 11, 2023,] Judge [[Tanya Chutkan]] warned Trump's lawyers that politics had no place in her courtroom or in this case.

But here is Judge Chutkan berating a [[J6]]er during a sentencing hearing in Oct. 2022.

She clearly expressed anger that Trump was still "free" and not behind bars.<ref>https://twitter.com/julie_kelly2/status/1690097151156629504</ref>}}

On February 2, 2024. Judge Cannon permanently suspended the DC Special Counsel Election Interference Case.<ref>https://justthenews.com/government/courts-law/judge-officially-postpones-trumps-march-4-dc-trial</ref>

==Miami classified documents case==
{{See also|Mar-a-Lago raid|Mar-a-Lago raid litigation}}
[[File:Bruce E. Reinhart.png|right|275px|thumb|U.S. Federal Magistrate Bruce E. Reinhart signed the Mar-a-Lago raid warrant.<ref>https://m.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10212477850494564&set=pb.1631235312.-2207520000..&type=3</ref>]]
''[[WSJ]]'' columnist Holman Jenkins wrote, “Mr. Smith was only named after a leak signaling [[Joe Biden]]’s displeasure with the department for not being aggressive enough against Mr. [[Trump]].”<ref>https://www.wsj.com/articles/special-counsel-2024-election-trump-hunter-biden-david-weiss-merrick-garland-archer-burisma-smith-877d416</ref> The order appointing Smith on Nov. 18, 2022, is posted on the [[DOJ]] website.<ref>https://www.justice.gov/d9/press-releases/attachments/2022/11/18/2022.11.18_order_5559-2022.pdf</ref> Sundance of Theconservativetreehouse summarizes the intent:
{{quotebox-float|"[[Rod Rosenstein]], [[Robert Mueller]], [[Michael Horowitz]], [[Bill Barr]], [[John Durham]] and now, [[Merrick Garland]], [[Lisa Monaco]] and Jack Smith, were/are all attempting to defend the institutional interests of a comprehensively corrupt [[Washington DC]] political apparatus. All of these participants were/are involved in one long continuum of an effort to hide the corruption and protect the institutions. The [[Weaponization of Government|weaponized institutions of government]], and the evidence of that [[corrupt]] activity, are what they are protecting."<ref>[https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2023/04/23/president-trump-has-nothing-to-fear-from-the-fraud-represented-by-special-counsel-jack-smith/ President Trump Has Nothing to Fear from The Fraud Represented by Special Counsel Jack Smith], April 23, 2023.</ref>}}
Smith has unjustifiably concealed the identity of his politically motivated prosecutors, but it has been reported that several donated to [[Biden]]'s election campaign in addition to Smith's wife donating a substantial amount to Biden's campaign and the Biden Victory Fund super PAC.<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2023/08/05/doj-prosecutor-working-special-counsel-jack-smiths-team-is-biden-donor/</ref> The ''[[WSJ]]'' reported that Smith directs “about 40 to 60 lawyers, paralegals, support staff and [[FBI]] agents” and yet only 6 of these taxpayer-funded lawyers have been disclosed to the public as of Aug. 11, 2023.<ref>https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-trial-special-counsel-jack-smith-prosecutors-team-20d57b78</ref>

On October 6, 2023, Judge Aileen Cannon paused litigation as she considers whether to grant Trump's motion to extend deadlines related to classified material. Trump Attorneys argued that prosecutors were employing delaying tactics in the discovery process, thereby taking too long to deliver evidence. According to their motion, they deemed the May trial date unworkable. “On July 18, 2023, the Special Counsel’s Office represented to the Court that ‘all’ discovery would be available on ‘day one,’” Trump’s lawyers wrote. They also wrote that Smith’s Florida classified docs trial set for May 20, 2024 and his separate March 4, 2024 DC trial regarding Trump’s so-called effort to stop the transfer of power set for March 4 require “Trump and his lawyers to be in two places at once.” [[CBS News]] reported Trumps lawyers saying, “And, months after the Office’s representation to the Court, discovery is not complete in this case—including with respect to the classified documents at issue in more than 25% of the [Espionage Act] counts in the Superseding Indictment.”<ref>https://libertyonenews.com/judge-in-trump-classified-documents-case-pauses-litigation/</ref>

==Georgia RICO case==
{{See also|Fulton County cases}}
[[File:2024 Georgia election interference.PNG|right|275px|thumb|Political persecution of the Georgia 19.]]
Former [[United States Attorney]] Andrew McCarthy assessed the case:
{{quotebox-float|“Why has DA Willis invoked Georgia’s version of the federal Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, which is typically applied to mobsters engaged in the familiar rackets of murder, extortion, trafficking in narcotics and stolen goods, gambling, prostitution and so on?...Because there’s a giant hole in her case: the lack of a clear crime to which Trump and his co-defendants can plausibly be said to have agreed...That is what’s so strange about DA Willis’s indictment...She alleges that the 19 people named in her indictment are guilty of conspiracy because they agreed to try to keep Donald Trump in power as president — specifically, to change the outcome of the election in favor of Trump...Trying to change an election outcome is legal; the end doesn’t become illegal if pursued by illegal means — instead, those illegal means can be charged as crimes...But there is no conspiracy unless the objective itself is clearly a crime...An agreement to try to reverse the result of an election is not an agreement to commit a crime”.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2023/08/andrew-mccarthy-reveals-giant-hole-fani-williss-case/</ref>}}
Big Fani Willis was part of a [[conspiracy]] that questioned the legitimacy of Fulton county's [[2020 presidential election]].<ref>[https://thepoliticalinsider.com/social-media-posts-show-fulton-county-da-fani-willis-questioning-2020-election/ Social Media Posts Show Fulton County DA Fani Willis Questioning 2020 Election], BY RUSTY WEISS, AUGUST 25, 2023. thepoliticalinsider.com</ref><ref>[https://heavy.com/news/fani-willis-politics-democrat/ Fani Willis Politics: She Is a Democrat Who Praised Obama & Harris], By Jessica McBride, Updated Aug 14, 2023. heavy.com</ref>
[[File:Big Fani Willis.PNG|left|250px|thumb|Big Fani Willis]]
In August 2023 the [[United States House Committee on the Judiciary]] launched an investigation into the prosecutorial misconduct of Willis examining her use of federal funds for a politically motivated prosecution interfering with federal elections and American [[democracy]]. There were 5 questions regarding her abuse of power:
*four days before the indictment was announced, Willis "launched a new campaign fundraising website that highlighted" her investigation into Trump;
*the infamous forewoman of the special [[grand jury]] that Willis convened who bragged about [[subpoena]]ing Trump;
*the allegedly accidental release of a document by a Fulton County clerk showing the forthcoming criminal charges against Trump hours before the grand jury officially met and voted;
*a judge disqualified Willis from targeting Georgia Lieutenant Governor Burt Jones (R) in her investigation; and Fulton County officials announcing they will process Trump at the local jail like any other criminal, including forcing him to take a mug shot and post bond.

The committee also noted there are "questions about whether and how your office coordinated with [[Biden DOJ|DOJ Special Counsel]] [[Jack Smith]] during the course of this investigation" and requested any documents and communications from Willis' office with any federal officials about her investigation.<ref>https://www.theblaze.com/news/house-judiciary-probe-fani-willis-trump-indictment</ref>

Willis’ campaign director, Jeremy Halbert Harris, worked for the [[2020 Joe Biden Presidential Election campaign|Joe Biden campaign]] in Georgia during the 2020 presidential election cycle. Harris has a history of posting [[tweet]]s critical of [[President Trump]], going back to 2017. The Willis team was caught hiding the evidence.<ref>https://dailypresser.com/theoneadmin/fani-willis-campaign-director-has-connection-to-team-biden-tweets-revealed/</ref>

Willis is alleged to be a homewrecker and sugar momma for her lover and boyfriend, Nathan Wade (commonly referred to as '''Nathan's Hot Dog''' by [[internet]] users), a married man she hired to help prosecute the Trump RICO case. Willis is alleged to have inappropriately funneled nearly $700,000 of taxpayer money to Wade in a scheme to "Get Trump" while the two lovers went on whirl wind excursions with funds expropriated from Fulton county.<ref>[https://dailypresser.com/doug-g/fulton-county-da-fani-willis-accused-of-having-improper-romantic-relationship/ Georgia DA Attacking Trump Is Busted In Raunchy Sex Scandal With Another Trump-Hater], Doug Goldsmith, January 10, 2024. dailypresser.com</ref> Willis's office admitted to [[colluding]] with the Biden [[White House]] to frame President Trump.<ref>[https://youtu.be/aHAou7bpJCQ Fani Prosecutors ADMIT to COLLUSION with WHITE HOUSE in TWO Letters], Robert Gouveia Esq., Jan 30, 2024. [[YouTube]].</ref>

White House records show Big Fani met with [[Kamala Harris]] for a 5 1/2 meeting on February 28, 2923, before the indictment. Wade met with the White House Counsel in an 8-hour meeting.<ref>https://rumble.com/v4i4h1w-fani-willis-met-with-kamala-harris-before-trump-indictment-wh-records.html</ref>

{{Anchor|Engoron}}

==New York civil fraud case==
[[File:Judge Arthur Engoron.jpeg|right|300px|thumb|Judge Arthur Engoron<ref>https://thepostmillennial.com/revealed-manhattan-judge-in-trump-civil-trial-snapped-shirtless-selfies-to-share-with-his-alumni-newsletter</ref>]]
In the case filed by Letitia James against [[President Trump]] there are no victims. There was no [[fraud]]. All of the lenders did their own due diligence. All of the loans were paid back without issue and the statement of financial condition was factual and accurate.

Additionally, the statute being used as the predicate for the case is a consumer fraud statute, intended to protect borrowers from predatory lenders. In the four corners of this case, Trump is the borrower, and the banks were the lenders. The New York attorney general flipped the statute to claim the borrower defrauded the lenders, despite the lenders denying there was any fraud and stating there was no harm.<ref>https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2023/11/02/trump-attorney-alina-habba-summarizes-status-of-new-york-case-against-trump-business-organization/</ref>

The judge presiding over Trump's NYC trial appears to have a peculiar hobby of posting half-naked photos of himself on a high school alumni newsletter he controls. The 74-year-old judge '''Arthur Engoron''', commonly known as '''Judge Ignorantmoron''', appeared to even post a "Bonus-Torso-Photo" in what looks like the bathroom of a gym. One set of images seems to be progress pictures. One picture of a frailer, malnourished male (assumed to be Judge Engoron) is labeled October 2020. Another picture, labeled August 2021, shows the same body, flexing excessively to try and show off his muscle gains.<ref>https://twitter.com/CollinRugg/status/1721733556597375067</ref> Engoron also has a reputation for his harassing behavior toward [[women]] at the gym.<ref>[https://youtu.be/ht3w58rAI6k Judge Arthur Engoron and James O’Keefe in Gym] [[O’Keefe Media Group]], February 28, 2024. [[YouTube]]</ref>

Engoron, acting on behalf of his partisan political clerk and "co-judge" Allison R. Greenfield<ref>https://twitter.com/JudicialProtest/status/1721356462021059006</ref> known as "[[Chuck Schumer's]] girlfriend", issued a gag order forbidding President Trump from complaining about the political affiliations of the judge, clerk and any other court official or possible witness.

Engoron's $454 million fine against Trump led to the [[New York exodus]].<ref>https://nypost.com/2024/02/17/business/trumps-historic-civil-fraud-trial-ruling-could-spur-an-ny-business-exodus/ </ref>

==E. Jean Carroll defamation case==
[[E. Jean Carroll]] accused President Trump of raping her 1996. A New York jury ordered President Trump to pay $83 million for defamation when President Trump called her a liar. Jean Carroll's lawyers were funded by [[Democrat party]] mega-donor [[Reid Hoffman]] who sabotaged [[Judge Roy Moore]]'s 2017 Senate campaign with false accusations, backed [[warmonger]] [[Neocon Nikki Haley]] for president, and was a client of [[Jeffrey Epstein]].<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2024/01/17/trump-accuser-e-jean-carroll-backed-by-known-democrat-party-activists-mega-donor-reid-hoffman-who-backs-haley/</ref> The case has been called "the greatest miscarriage of justice in modern American history."<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/analysis-post/kassam-the-trump-carroll-case-is-blatantly-the-greatest-miscarriage-of-justice-in-modern-american-history/</ref>

Additionally, Judge Lewis Kaplan was the ‘mentor’ to one of Carroll's lawyers and the other lawyer was his law clerk. Kaplan also officiated the wedding of the latter law clerk.<ref>https://therightscoop.com/dude-trump-defense-just-learned-e-jean-carroll-judge-had-huge-conflicts-of-interest/</ref>

==Manhattan hush money trial==
[[File:Juan Manuel Merchan.PNG|right|150px|thumb|[[Far left]] [[activist]] judge Juan Manuel Merchan is a Republican-hating Biden donor.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2023/04/conflict-of-interest-leftist-judge-juan-merchan-who-oversees-trumps-sham-case-made-political-contributions-against-republican-and-trump/</ref>]]
News reports indicated that the Biden White House, the [[Biden DOJ]], Democrats in Congress, and former members of the [[Mueller team]] have persuaded Bragg to interfere in the [[2024 presidential election]].<ref>https://justthenews.com/accountability/political-ethics/thuhave-washington-democrats-been-pressuring-ny-prosecutor-charge</ref> The [[House of Representatives]] requested that Bragg answer questions about his misconduct under oath and to determine if any federal money was used in the illegal prosecution. Bragg was instructed to respond by March 23, 2023.<ref>https://www.wnd.com/2023/03/investigate-investigators/</ref> Bragg tried to fight the [[subpoena]] and lost in federal court.
[[File:Fat Alvin.PNG|left|250px|thumb|Alvin Bragg]]
The scandalous incident and abuse of power provoked international controversy. [[Mexican]] President [[Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador]] decried the effort to interfere in the 2024 presidential election. “This is completely anti-[[democratic]]… Why not allow the people to decide?” Lopez Obrador stated that the United States should stop trying to “be the government of the world.”<ref>https://joemessina.com/2023/03/mexican-president-slams-biden-admin-for-trying-to-arrest-trump-so-he-cant-run-in-2024/</ref>

[[El Salvador]] President Nayib Bukele [[tweet]]ed, “The United States’ ability to use ‘[[democracy]]’ as [[foreign policy]] is gone.” The tweet had over 13 million views according to Twitter’s analytics in the first 24 hours.<ref>https://thepoliticalinsider.com/president-of-el-salvador-blasts-bidens-hypocrisy-on-trump-indictment-imagine-any-other-country-arresting-a-political-opponent/</ref>

[[Hungarian]] [[Prime Minister]] [[Viktor Orban]] expressed support for President Trump, tweeting, "Kepp on fighting Mr. President, we are with you."<ref>https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2023/04/03/hungarian-prime-minister-viktor-orban-sends-message-of-support-for-president-donald-trump/</ref>

Judge Juan Merchan hearing the case is a [[2020 Joe Biden presidential campaign|2020 Biden for President]] donor and anti-[[Republican]] who has donated to a [[PAC]] called Stop the Republicans.<ref>https://nypost.com/2023/04/07/trump-case-judge-juan-merchan-donated-to-biden-campaign-in-2020/</ref> His daughter Loren,<ref>https://www.bizpacreview.com/2023/04/05/leftist-daughter-of-judge-presiding-over-trumps-case-worked-for-harris-biden-schiff-and-other-dems-1347372/</ref> who uses pronouns to describe him/her/theyself,<ref>https://twitter.com/MiaCathell/status/1643327572439101442</ref> worked for [[Kamala Harris]], Biden for President, and [[Adam Schiff]]. Schiff concocted the [[Impeachment 1.0|bogus articles of impeachment]] against President Donald Trump.<ref>https://unmuzzlednews.com/adam-schiff-is-furious-this-secret-connection-just-got-exposed/</ref>
{{clear}}

==14th Amendment issues==
[[File:Colorado Four.png|right|250px|thumb|The four Colorado Democrat justices (circled in red) who tried to upend American [[democracy]] and the [[United States Constitution]].]]
'''Colorado.''' The self-proclaimed “nonpartisan” watchdog group Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW) spearheaded the [[Colorado]] lawsuit against President Trump. Beth Nolan, CREW's board chair, sent thousands to Biden's campaign and victory fund in 2020. Wayne Jordan, the group's vice chair, funneled a staggering $300,000 to the Biden Victory Fund. Jordan's wife, Quinn Delaney, is a Democrat mega-donor who contributed a whopping $650,000 to Biden's efforts. [[David Brock]], founder of the notoriously biased [[Media Matters]] and [[American Bridge]], is a former board chair. CREW has also received millions from [[George Soros]], raising further questions about CREWS independence and "nonpartisan" status.<ref>https://dcdailyjournal.com/general/new-report-unveils-shocking-connection-between-trumps-colorado-trial-and-biden-money/</ref>

[[William Hood]], [[Richard Gabriel]], [[Melissa Hart]], and [[Monica Marquez]] are associate justices of the Colorado Supreme Court, who attempted to disqualify President Trump name from Colorado 2024 presidential election [[primary]] ballot in December 2023.<ref>https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/other/trump-legal-news-brief-in-landmark-ruling-colorado-supreme-court-removes-trump-from-ballot/ar-AA1lLcQ8</ref><ref>[https://www.bizpacreview.com/2023/12/20/meet-the-four-democrat-justices-who-will-be-laughed-out-of-the-supreme-court-over-trump-ballot-ban-1421398/ Meet the four Democrat justices who will be laughed out of the Supreme Court], Vivek Saxena , December 20, 2023. bizpacreview.com</ref> The case was immediately appealed in federal court.<ref>[https://www.nysun.com/article/all-eyes-on-gorsuch-after-colorado-court-disqualifies-trump All Eyes on Gorsuch After Colorado Court Disqualifies Trump ‘The language of the Colorado Supreme Court certainly seems to be directed at getting Justice Gorsuch’s vote,’ one analyst tells the Sun], RUSSELL PAYNE, December 20, 2023. nysun.com</ref> ''The Federalist'' observed, "If it wasn’t obvious before now that [[the left]] will do anything to stop Donald Trump from winning a second term in the White House, the events of the last few days should leave no doubt in any American’s mind...Democrats, including President Biden, are prepared not only to rig the 2024 election in broad daylight but also to twist the [[U.S. Constitution]] and undermine the [[republic]] so they can hold on to power".<ref>[https://thefederalist.com/2023/12/22/by-trying-to-keep-trump-off-the-ballot-democrats-are-staging-a-coup-in-broad-daylight/ By Trying To Keep Trump Off The Ballot, Democrats Are Staging A Coup In Broad Daylight], JOHN DANIEL DAVIDSON, ''The Federalist'', DECEMBER 22, 2023. thefederalist.com</ref>

The ''Republican–American'' of Waterbury, [[Connecticut]], in an editorial entitled ''A real assault on democracy'', said:
[[File:Shenna Bellows with Biden.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Shenna Bellows with Joe Biden.]]
{{quotebox-float|"Americans should be thanking the Colorado Supreme Court for spelling out as clearly as possible the modern [[left-wing]] conception of [[democracy]]. To this cohort of Americans — animated by the idea that their opposition to Donald Trump grants them unchecked [[moral]] authority — preserving democratic rule means ensuring, by any means necessary, the people vote the right way. In other words, democracy is so sacred that it must be protected from the [[voter]]s. [[Authoritarianism]] is so dangerous that it must be proactively employed to stop potential authoritarians….<ref>PATRICK LAWRENCE: [https://consortiumnews.com/2023/12/27/patrick-lawrence-the-mess-they-made-of-2023/ The Mess They Made of 2023], December 27, 2023. consortiumnews.com</ref>}}
The court stayed its decision for when President Trump files an Appeal to the federal courts. In other words, the ballots will be printed with Trump's name on them whether he is “disqualified” or not. This feature of the decision suggests that it was never about knocking Trump off the ballot. It was a publicity stunt to distract from bad news about Biden.<ref>[https://www.quora.com/The-Colorado-Supreme-Court-rules-that-as-former-President-Donald-J-Trump-engaged-in-insurrection-he-cannot-run-for-election-in-Colorado-Trump-plans-to-appeal-to-the-U-S-Supreme-Court-What-will-be-the-U-S-Supreme/answer/Peter-Kauffner The Colorado Supreme Court rules that as former President Donald J. Trump engaged in insurrection he cannot run for election in Colorado. Trump plans to appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court. What will be the U.S. Supreme Court's decision?] Peter Kauffner, December 29, 2023. quora.com</ref>

'''Maine.''' [[Maine]] Secretary of State [[Shenna Bellows]] was appointed as an Elector for the state of Maine in [[2020 presidential election]] and was recorded as casting her electoral vote in the [[Electoral College]] for Joseph Robinette Biden. A non-lawyer, in an administrative hearing without disclosing her [[conflict of interest]] or recusing herself as a Biden Elector, Bellows ordered the removal of President Trump from the ballot for the 2024 presidential primary election.<ref>https://jdrucker.substack.com/p/fascist-america-maines-secretary</ref>

'''Illinois.''' On February 28, 2024, a Democrat appointed [[Illinois]] judge ruled Trump could be barred from the ballot based upon the 14th Amendment.<ref>https://justthenews.com/government/courts-law/judge-rules-trump-ineligible-appear-illinois-ballot-under-14th-amendment</ref>

{{clear}}

==See also==
*[[Never-Trumpers 2024]]
*[[Lawfare against Donald Trump]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:United States Presidential Election, 2024]][[Category:Election interference]][[Category:Joe Biden Scandals]][[Category:Donald Trump]]
[[Category:Corruption in Democrat Party]][[Category:2020s]]

2024 Presidential election interference

2024-05-27T06:09:22Z

Aidanram0:

[[File:Biden Garland.PNG|right|285px|thumb|Biden and cohort Merrick Garland.<ref>[https://thepeoplesvoice.tv/evidence-emerges-that-biden-personally-authorized-fbi-raid-on-trump/ Evidence Emerges That Biden Personally Authorized FBI Raid on Trump],
Sean Adl-Tabatabai News, August 10, 2022.</ref>]]
'''2024 Presidential election interference''' is a series of [[lawfare]] actions by the [[Biden junta]], the [[Democratic party]], and the [[Deep State]] to thwart [[American]] [[democracy]] in the [[2024 Presidential election]].<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2023/06/17/harvard-poll-most-voters-say-trump-indictment-election-interference-believe-hell-be-acquitted/ Harvard Poll: Most Voters Say Trump Indictment Is Election Interference, Believe He’ll Be Acquitted], Nick Gilbertson, ''[[Breitbart News]], June 17, 2023.</ref>

Some of the alleged [[conspirator]]s involved are [[Joe Biden]], [[Merrick Garland]], [[Chris Wray]], [[Jack Smith]], [[Letitia James]], [[Alvin Bragg]], and [[Fani Willis]].

Manhattan [[district attorney]] and [[Soros mercenary]] [[Fat Alvin Bragg]] filed a [[sham indictment]] in March 2023, followed by the [[Mar-a-Lago raid]] in June 2023 and sham indictments brought by incompetent federal special counsel [[Dirty Jack Smith]] in [[Florida]] and [[D.C.]] and then a sham indictment including 18 other individuals brought in [[Georgia]] by Fulton country [[DA]] [[Big Fani Willis]]. Willis asked for a trial date on March 4, 2024, one day before [[Super Tuesday]].<ref>[https://youtu.be/0Z-Qz4A7AqU Trump indictment: DA wants March 4 trial date, 1 day before Super Tuesday | LiveNOW from FOX], August 16, 2023.</ref>

Virtually all indictments ignore [[free speech]] rights, the charge in [[New York]], [[Washington, D.C.]], and [[Georgia]] essentially guarantee denying [[President Trump]] [[due process]] and the right to a fair trial. The [[DC persecution of Trump]] is based upon the [[conspiracy theory]] of the [[Trump insurrection hoax]]. All indictments are emblematic of America's [[two-tier justice system]].

On December 8, 2024, the [[New Hampshire]] [[Attorney General]] sent a Cease and Desist Order to the [[Democratic National Committee]] for [[voter suppression]] and violation of the state's election laws.<ref>https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2024/01/08/new-hampshire-attorney-general-sends-cease-and-desist-letter-to-dnc-as-national-party-tells-democrats-the-upcoming-presidential-primary-is-meaningless-vote-for-nikki-haley/</ref>

==DC insurrection hoax case==
{{See also|DC persecution of Trump}}
[[File:Epps 2.PNG|right|300px|thumb|[[Ray Epps]], FBI ''agent provocateur'']]
The Trump insurrection hoax case was another [[conspiracy]] claim made by the [[Biden DOJ]] and special inquisitor [[Jack Smith]] alleging [[President Donald Trump]] was behind a plot to lead an insurrection against the [[United States Government]] in January 2021. At the direction of Socialist Premier [[Joseph Biden]], Smith filed charges against President Trump in the summer of 2023,<ref>https://townhall.com/tipsheet/katiepavlich/2023/08/07/joe-biden-directed-his-attorney-general-to-prosecute-trump-over-january-6-n2626607?</ref> then the [[2024 Presidential election]] frontrunner, in an effort to interfere in the 2024 presidential election and thwart [[American]] [[democracy]]. A series of indictments were brought in different venues.

The DC persecution of Trump is an unprecedented attempt by [[Trump]]-hating prosecutors and judges in [[Washington, D.C.]] to [[liberal censorship|censor]] and even imprison Trump to try to prevent him from reelected as president.

This misuse of prosecutorial power, led by the academically underachieving [[Jack Smith]], violates at least 3 provisions and principles of the [[U.S. Constitution]]:
*the Qualifications Clause (Article II, Section 1, Clause 5)
*the [[First Amendment]] right of the [[American]] people to hear from the front-runner for president, and [[Trump]]'s right to campaign
*[[Separation of Powers|separation of powers]] doctrine

The judge overseeing the [[DC persecution of Trump]],<ref>[https://technofog.substack.com/p/trumps-dc-judge-evidence-of-bia Trump's DC Judge - Evidence of Bias], TECHNO FOG, AUG 10, 2023.</ref> Judge Tanya Chutkan, according to the ''[[New York Post]]'' is "the scion of a family of revolutionary [[Marxist]]s in her native [[Jamaica]]."<ref>https://nypost.com/2023/08/26/judge-in-trump-jan-6-case-is-scion-of-marxists/</ref> Robert Barnes alleged she is the granddaughter of hard core [[communist]]s.<ref>[https://youtu.be/SFFuSfzc63I Robert Barnes Reveals Hard Core COMMIE Background of J6 Judge Chutkan]</ref> Chutkan worked at Boies Schiller Flexner law firm in DC at the same time Joe Biden's crackhead son [[Hunter Biden]] also worked there between 2010 and 2014; when Hunter Biden left the firm in 2014 to join the board of [[Burisma]] oil and gas in an influence peddling and [[bribery]] scheme for then [[Vice President Joe Biden]], Hunter placed the firm on $250,000 retainer for Burisma.<ref>https://news.yahoo.com/fact-check-did-judge-trump-224400905.html</ref> On September 11, 2023, Trump attorneys filed a motion asking Chutkan to recuse herself, citing her prior statements suggesting [[bias]].<ref>https://justthenews.com/government/courts-law/trump-legal-team-asks-jan-6-indictment-judge-recuse-herself</ref> [[CBS News]] reported "Judge Chutkan has, in connection with other cases, suggested that President Trump should be prosecuted and imprisoned. Such statements, made before this case began and without [[due process]], are inherently disqualifying."<ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-asks-judge-tanya-chutkan-jan-6-case-to-recuse-herself/</ref>

Both the prosecutors and the presiding judge took an oath to abide by the [[U.S. Constitution]], yet are not complying with the above provisions.
{{cquote|[On August 11, 2023,] Judge [[Tanya Chutkan]] warned Trump's lawyers that politics had no place in her courtroom or in this case.

But here is Judge Chutkan berating a [[J6]]er during a sentencing hearing in Oct. 2022.

She clearly expressed anger that Trump was still "free" and not behind bars.<ref>https://twitter.com/julie_kelly2/status/1690097151156629504</ref>}}

On February 2, 2024. Judge Cannon permanently suspended the DC Special Counsel Election Interference Case.<ref>https://justthenews.com/government/courts-law/judge-officially-postpones-trumps-march-4-dc-trial</ref>

==Miami classified documents case==
{{See also|Mar-a-Lago raid|Mar-a-Lago raid litigation}}
[[File:Bruce E. Reinhart.png|right|275px|thumb|U.S. Federal Magistrate Bruce E. Reinhart signed the Mar-a-Lago raid warrant.<ref>https://m.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10212477850494564&set=pb.1631235312.-2207520000..&type=3</ref>]]
''[[WSJ]]'' columnist Holman Jenkins wrote, “Mr. Smith was only named after a leak signaling [[Joe Biden]]’s displeasure with the department for not being aggressive enough against Mr. [[Trump]].”<ref>https://www.wsj.com/articles/special-counsel-2024-election-trump-hunter-biden-david-weiss-merrick-garland-archer-burisma-smith-877d416</ref> The order appointing Smith on Nov. 18, 2022, is posted on the [[DOJ]] website.<ref>https://www.justice.gov/d9/press-releases/attachments/2022/11/18/2022.11.18_order_5559-2022.pdf</ref> Sundance of Theconservativetreehouse summarizes the intent:
{{quotebox-float|"[[Rod Rosenstein]], [[Robert Mueller]], [[Michael Horowitz]], [[Bill Barr]], [[John Durham]] and now, [[Merrick Garland]], [[Lisa Monaco]] and Jack Smith, were/are all attempting to defend the institutional interests of a comprehensively corrupt [[Washington DC]] political apparatus. All of these participants were/are involved in one long continuum of an effort to hide the corruption and protect the institutions. The [[Weaponization of Government|weaponized institutions of government]], and the evidence of that [[corrupt]] activity, are what they are protecting."<ref>[https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2023/04/23/president-trump-has-nothing-to-fear-from-the-fraud-represented-by-special-counsel-jack-smith/ President Trump Has Nothing to Fear from The Fraud Represented by Special Counsel Jack Smith], April 23, 2023.</ref>}}
Smith has unjustifiably concealed the identity of his politically motivated prosecutors, but it has been reported that several donated to [[Biden]]'s election campaign in addition to Smith's wife donating a substantial amount to Biden's campaign and the Biden Victory Fund super PAC.<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2023/08/05/doj-prosecutor-working-special-counsel-jack-smiths-team-is-biden-donor/</ref> The ''[[WSJ]]'' reported that Smith directs “about 40 to 60 lawyers, paralegals, support staff and [[FBI]] agents” and yet only 6 of these taxpayer-funded lawyers have been disclosed to the public as of Aug. 11, 2023.<ref>https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-trial-special-counsel-jack-smith-prosecutors-team-20d57b78</ref>

On October 6, 2023, Judge Aileen Cannon paused litigation as she considers whether to grant Trump's motion to extend deadlines related to classified material. Trump Attorneys argued that prosecutors were employing delaying tactics in the discovery process, thereby taking too long to deliver evidence. According to their motion, they deemed the May trial date unworkable. “On July 18, 2023, the Special Counsel’s Office represented to the Court that ‘all’ discovery would be available on ‘day one,’” Trump’s lawyers wrote. They also wrote that Smith’s Florida classified docs trial set for May 20, 2024 and his separate March 4, 2024 DC trial regarding Trump’s so-called effort to stop the transfer of power set for March 4 require “Trump and his lawyers to be in two places at once.” [[CBS News]] reported Trumps lawyers saying, “And, months after the Office’s representation to the Court, discovery is not complete in this case—including with respect to the classified documents at issue in more than 25% of the [Espionage Act] counts in the Superseding Indictment.”<ref>https://libertyonenews.com/judge-in-trump-classified-documents-case-pauses-litigation/</ref>

==Georgia RICO case==
{{See also|Fulton County cases}}
[[File:2024 Georgia election interference.PNG|right|275px|thumb|Political persecution of the Georgia 19.]]
Former [[United States Attorney]] Andrew McCarthy assessed the case:
{{quotebox-float|“Why has DA Willis invoked Georgia’s version of the federal Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, which is typically applied to mobsters engaged in the familiar rackets of murder, extortion, trafficking in narcotics and stolen goods, gambling, prostitution and so on?...Because there’s a giant hole in her case: the lack of a clear crime to which Trump and his co-defendants can plausibly be said to have agreed...That is what’s so strange about DA Willis’s indictment...She alleges that the 19 people named in her indictment are guilty of conspiracy because they agreed to try to keep Donald Trump in power as president — specifically, to change the outcome of the election in favor of Trump...Trying to change an election outcome is legal; the end doesn’t become illegal if pursued by illegal means — instead, those illegal means can be charged as crimes...But there is no conspiracy unless the objective itself is clearly a crime...An agreement to try to reverse the result of an election is not an agreement to commit a crime”.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2023/08/andrew-mccarthy-reveals-giant-hole-fani-williss-case/</ref>}}
Big Fani Willis was part of a [[conspiracy]] that questioned the legitimacy of Fulton county's [[2020 presidential election]].<ref>[https://thepoliticalinsider.com/social-media-posts-show-fulton-county-da-fani-willis-questioning-2020-election/ Social Media Posts Show Fulton County DA Fani Willis Questioning 2020 Election], BY RUSTY WEISS, AUGUST 25, 2023. thepoliticalinsider.com</ref><ref>[https://heavy.com/news/fani-willis-politics-democrat/ Fani Willis Politics: She Is a Democrat Who Praised Obama & Harris], By Jessica McBride, Updated Aug 14, 2023. heavy.com</ref>
[[File:Big Fani Willis.PNG|left|250px|thumb|Big Fani Willis]]
In August 2023 the [[United States House Committee on the Judiciary]] launched an investigation into the prosecutorial misconduct of Willis examining her use of federal funds for a politically motivated prosecution interfering with federal elections and American [[democracy]]. There were 5 questions regarding her abuse of power:
*four days before the indictment was announced, Willis "launched a new campaign fundraising website that highlighted" her investigation into Trump;
*the infamous forewoman of the special [[grand jury]] that Willis convened who bragged about [[subpoena]]ing Trump;
*the allegedly accidental release of a document by a Fulton County clerk showing the forthcoming criminal charges against Trump hours before the grand jury officially met and voted;
*a judge disqualified Willis from targeting Georgia Lieutenant Governor Burt Jones (R) in her investigation; and Fulton County officials announcing they will process Trump at the local jail like any other criminal, including forcing him to take a mug shot and post bond.

The committee also noted there are "questions about whether and how your office coordinated with [[Biden DOJ|DOJ Special Counsel]] [[Jack Smith]] during the course of this investigation" and requested any documents and communications from Willis' office with any federal officials about her investigation.<ref>https://www.theblaze.com/news/house-judiciary-probe-fani-willis-trump-indictment</ref>

Willis’ campaign director, Jeremy Halbert Harris, worked for the [[2020 Joe Biden Presidential Election campaign|Joe Biden campaign]] in Georgia during the 2020 presidential election cycle. Harris has a history of posting [[tweet]]s critical of [[President Trump]], going back to 2017. The Willis team was caught hiding the evidence.<ref>https://dailypresser.com/theoneadmin/fani-willis-campaign-director-has-connection-to-team-biden-tweets-revealed/</ref>

Willis is alleged to be a homewrecker and sugar momma for her lover and boyfriend, Nathan Wade (commonly referred to as '''Nathan's Hot Dog''' by [[internet]] users), a married man she hired to help prosecute the Trump RICO case. Willis is alleged to have inappropriately funneled nearly $700,000 of taxpayer money to Wade in a scheme to "Get Trump" while the two lovers went on whirl wind excursions with funds expropriated from Fulton county.<ref>[https://dailypresser.com/doug-g/fulton-county-da-fani-willis-accused-of-having-improper-romantic-relationship/ Georgia DA Attacking Trump Is Busted In Raunchy Sex Scandal With Another Trump-Hater], Doug Goldsmith, January 10, 2024. dailypresser.com</ref> Willis's office admitted to [[colluding]] with the Biden [[White House]] to frame President Trump.<ref>[https://youtu.be/aHAou7bpJCQ Fani Prosecutors ADMIT to COLLUSION with WHITE HOUSE in TWO Letters], Robert Gouveia Esq., Jan 30, 2024. [[YouTube]].</ref>

White House records show Big Fani met with [[Kamala Harris]] for a 5 1/2 meeting on February 28, 2923, before the indictment. Wade met with the White House Counsel in an 8-hour meeting.<ref>https://rumble.com/v4i4h1w-fani-willis-met-with-kamala-harris-before-trump-indictment-wh-records.html</ref>

{{Anchor|Engoron}}

==New York civil fraud case==
[[File:Judge Arthur Engoron.jpeg|right|300px|thumb|Judge Arthur Engoron<ref>https://thepostmillennial.com/revealed-manhattan-judge-in-trump-civil-trial-snapped-shirtless-selfies-to-share-with-his-alumni-newsletter</ref>]]
In the case filed by Letitia James against [[President Trump]] there are no victims. There was no [[fraud]]. All of the lenders did their own due diligence. All of the loans were paid back without issue and the statement of financial condition was factual and accurate.

Additionally, the statute being used as the predicate for the case is a consumer fraud statute, intended to protect borrowers from predatory lenders. In the four corners of this case, Trump is the borrower, and the banks were the lenders. The New York attorney general flipped the statute to claim the borrower defrauded the lenders, despite the lenders denying there was any fraud and stating there was no harm.<ref>https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2023/11/02/trump-attorney-alina-habba-summarizes-status-of-new-york-case-against-trump-business-organization/</ref>

The judge presiding over Trump's NYC trial appears to have a peculiar hobby of posting half-naked photos of himself on a high school alumni newsletter he controls. The 74-year-old judge '''Arthur Engoron''', commonly known as '''Judge Ignorantmoron''', appeared to even post a "Bonus-Torso-Photo" in what looks like the bathroom of a gym. One set of images seems to be progress pictures. One picture of a frailer, malnourished male (assumed to be Judge Engoron) is labeled October 2020. Another picture, labeled August 2021, shows the same body, flexing excessively to try and show off his muscle gains.<ref>https://twitter.com/CollinRugg/status/1721733556597375067</ref> Engoron also has a reputation for his harassing behavior toward [[women]] at the gym.<ref>[https://youtu.be/ht3w58rAI6k Judge Arthur Engoron and James O’Keefe in Gym] [[O’Keefe Media Group]], February 28, 2024. [[YouTube]]</ref>

Engoron, acting on behalf of his partisan political clerk and "co-judge" Allison Greenfield<ref>https://twitter.com/JudicialProtest/status/1721356462021059006</ref> known as "[[Schumer's]] girlfriend", issued a gag order forbidding President Trump from complaining about the political affiliations of the judge, clerk and any other court official or possible witness.

Engoron's $454 million fine against Trump led to the [[New York exodus]].<ref>https://nypost.com/2024/02/17/business/trumps-historic-civil-fraud-trial-ruling-could-spur-an-ny-business-exodus/ </ref>

==E. Jean Carroll defamation case==
[[E. Jean Carroll]] accused President Trump of raping her 1996. A New York jury ordered President Trump to pay $83 million for defamation when President Trump called her a liar. Jean Carroll's lawyers were funded by [[Democrat party]] mega-donor [[Reid Hoffman]] who sabotaged [[Judge Roy Moore]]'s 2017 Senate campaign with false accusations, backed [[warmonger]] [[Neocon Nikki Haley]] for president, and was a client of [[Jeffrey Epstein]].<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2024/01/17/trump-accuser-e-jean-carroll-backed-by-known-democrat-party-activists-mega-donor-reid-hoffman-who-backs-haley/</ref> The case has been called "the greatest miscarriage of justice in modern American history."<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/analysis-post/kassam-the-trump-carroll-case-is-blatantly-the-greatest-miscarriage-of-justice-in-modern-american-history/</ref>

Additionally, Judge Lewis Kaplan was the ‘mentor’ to one of Carroll's lawyers and the other lawyer was his law clerk. Kaplan also officiated the wedding of the latter law clerk.<ref>https://therightscoop.com/dude-trump-defense-just-learned-e-jean-carroll-judge-had-huge-conflicts-of-interest/</ref>

==Manhattan hush money trial==
[[File:Juan Manuel Merchan.PNG|right|150px|thumb|[[Far left]] [[activist]] judge Juan Manuel Merchan is a Republican-hating Biden donor.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2023/04/conflict-of-interest-leftist-judge-juan-merchan-who-oversees-trumps-sham-case-made-political-contributions-against-republican-and-trump/</ref>]]
News reports indicated that the Biden White House, the [[Biden DOJ]], Democrats in Congress, and former members of the [[Mueller team]] have persuaded Bragg to interfere in the [[2024 presidential election]].<ref>https://justthenews.com/accountability/political-ethics/thuhave-washington-democrats-been-pressuring-ny-prosecutor-charge</ref> The [[House of Representatives]] requested that Bragg answer questions about his misconduct under oath and to determine if any federal money was used in the illegal prosecution. Bragg was instructed to respond by March 23, 2023.<ref>https://www.wnd.com/2023/03/investigate-investigators/</ref> Bragg tried to fight the [[subpoena]] and lost in federal court.
[[File:Fat Alvin.PNG|left|250px|thumb|Alvin Bragg]]
The scandalous incident and abuse of power provoked international controversy. [[Mexican]] President [[Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador]] decried the effort to interfere in the 2024 presidential election. “This is completely anti-[[democratic]]… Why not allow the people to decide?” Lopez Obrador stated that the United States should stop trying to “be the government of the world.”<ref>https://joemessina.com/2023/03/mexican-president-slams-biden-admin-for-trying-to-arrest-trump-so-he-cant-run-in-2024/</ref>

[[El Salvador]] President Nayib Bukele [[tweet]]ed, “The United States’ ability to use ‘[[democracy]]’ as [[foreign policy]] is gone.” The tweet had over 13 million views according to Twitter’s analytics in the first 24 hours.<ref>https://thepoliticalinsider.com/president-of-el-salvador-blasts-bidens-hypocrisy-on-trump-indictment-imagine-any-other-country-arresting-a-political-opponent/</ref>

[[Hungarian]] [[Prime Minister]] [[Viktor Orban]] expressed support for President Trump, tweeting, "Kepp on fighting Mr. President, we are with you."<ref>https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2023/04/03/hungarian-prime-minister-viktor-orban-sends-message-of-support-for-president-donald-trump/</ref>

Judge Juan Merchan hearing the case is a [[2020 Joe Biden presidential campaign|2020 Biden for President]] donor and anti-[[Republican]] who has donated to a [[PAC]] called Stop the Republicans.<ref>https://nypost.com/2023/04/07/trump-case-judge-juan-merchan-donated-to-biden-campaign-in-2020/</ref> His daughter Loren,<ref>https://www.bizpacreview.com/2023/04/05/leftist-daughter-of-judge-presiding-over-trumps-case-worked-for-harris-biden-schiff-and-other-dems-1347372/</ref> who uses pronouns to describe him/her/theyself,<ref>https://twitter.com/MiaCathell/status/1643327572439101442</ref> worked for [[Kamala Harris]], Biden for President, and [[Adam Schiff]]. Schiff concocted the [[Impeachment 1.0|bogus articles of impeachment]] against President Donald Trump.<ref>https://unmuzzlednews.com/adam-schiff-is-furious-this-secret-connection-just-got-exposed/</ref>
{{clear}}

==14th Amendment issues==
[[File:Colorado Four.png|right|250px|thumb|The four Colorado Democrat justices (circled in red) who tried to upend American [[democracy]] and the [[United States Constitution]].]]
'''Colorado.''' The self-proclaimed “nonpartisan” watchdog group Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW) spearheaded the [[Colorado]] lawsuit against President Trump. Beth Nolan, CREW's board chair, sent thousands to Biden's campaign and victory fund in 2020. Wayne Jordan, the group's vice chair, funneled a staggering $300,000 to the Biden Victory Fund. Jordan's wife, Quinn Delaney, is a Democrat mega-donor who contributed a whopping $650,000 to Biden's efforts. [[David Brock]], founder of the notoriously biased [[Media Matters]] and [[American Bridge]], is a former board chair. CREW has also received millions from [[George Soros]], raising further questions about CREWS independence and "nonpartisan" status.<ref>https://dcdailyjournal.com/general/new-report-unveils-shocking-connection-between-trumps-colorado-trial-and-biden-money/</ref>

[[William Hood]], [[Richard Gabriel]], [[Melissa Hart]], and [[Monica Marquez]] are associate justices of the Colorado Supreme Court, who attempted to disqualify President Trump name from Colorado 2024 presidential election [[primary]] ballot in December 2023.<ref>https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/other/trump-legal-news-brief-in-landmark-ruling-colorado-supreme-court-removes-trump-from-ballot/ar-AA1lLcQ8</ref><ref>[https://www.bizpacreview.com/2023/12/20/meet-the-four-democrat-justices-who-will-be-laughed-out-of-the-supreme-court-over-trump-ballot-ban-1421398/ Meet the four Democrat justices who will be laughed out of the Supreme Court], Vivek Saxena , December 20, 2023. bizpacreview.com</ref> The case was immediately appealed in federal court.<ref>[https://www.nysun.com/article/all-eyes-on-gorsuch-after-colorado-court-disqualifies-trump All Eyes on Gorsuch After Colorado Court Disqualifies Trump ‘The language of the Colorado Supreme Court certainly seems to be directed at getting Justice Gorsuch’s vote,’ one analyst tells the Sun], RUSSELL PAYNE, December 20, 2023. nysun.com</ref> ''The Federalist'' observed, "If it wasn’t obvious before now that [[the left]] will do anything to stop Donald Trump from winning a second term in the White House, the events of the last few days should leave no doubt in any American’s mind...Democrats, including President Biden, are prepared not only to rig the 2024 election in broad daylight but also to twist the [[U.S. Constitution]] and undermine the [[republic]] so they can hold on to power".<ref>[https://thefederalist.com/2023/12/22/by-trying-to-keep-trump-off-the-ballot-democrats-are-staging-a-coup-in-broad-daylight/ By Trying To Keep Trump Off The Ballot, Democrats Are Staging A Coup In Broad Daylight], JOHN DANIEL DAVIDSON, ''The Federalist'', DECEMBER 22, 2023. thefederalist.com</ref>

The ''Republican–American'' of Waterbury, [[Connecticut]], in an editorial entitled ''A real assault on democracy'', said:
[[File:Shenna Bellows with Biden.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Shenna Bellows with Joe Biden.]]
{{quotebox-float|"Americans should be thanking the Colorado Supreme Court for spelling out as clearly as possible the modern [[left-wing]] conception of [[democracy]]. To this cohort of Americans — animated by the idea that their opposition to Donald Trump grants them unchecked [[moral]] authority — preserving democratic rule means ensuring, by any means necessary, the people vote the right way. In other words, democracy is so sacred that it must be protected from the [[voter]]s. [[Authoritarianism]] is so dangerous that it must be proactively employed to stop potential authoritarians….<ref>PATRICK LAWRENCE: [https://consortiumnews.com/2023/12/27/patrick-lawrence-the-mess-they-made-of-2023/ The Mess They Made of 2023], December 27, 2023. consortiumnews.com</ref>}}
The court stayed its decision for when President Trump files an Appeal to the federal courts. In other words, the ballots will be printed with Trump's name on them whether he is “disqualified” or not. This feature of the decision suggests that it was never about knocking Trump off the ballot. It was a publicity stunt to distract from bad news about Biden.<ref>[https://www.quora.com/The-Colorado-Supreme-Court-rules-that-as-former-President-Donald-J-Trump-engaged-in-insurrection-he-cannot-run-for-election-in-Colorado-Trump-plans-to-appeal-to-the-U-S-Supreme-Court-What-will-be-the-U-S-Supreme/answer/Peter-Kauffner The Colorado Supreme Court rules that as former President Donald J. Trump engaged in insurrection he cannot run for election in Colorado. Trump plans to appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court. What will be the U.S. Supreme Court's decision?] Peter Kauffner, December 29, 2023. quora.com</ref>

'''Maine.''' [[Maine]] Secretary of State [[Shenna Bellows]] was appointed as an Elector for the state of Maine in [[2020 presidential election]] and was recorded as casting her electoral vote in the [[Electoral College]] for Joseph Robinette Biden. A non-lawyer, in an administrative hearing without disclosing her [[conflict of interest]] or recusing herself as a Biden Elector, Bellows ordered the removal of President Trump from the ballot for the 2024 presidential primary election.<ref>https://jdrucker.substack.com/p/fascist-america-maines-secretary</ref>

'''Illinois.''' On February 28, 2024, a Democrat appointed [[Illinois]] judge ruled Trump could be barred from the ballot based upon the 14th Amendment.<ref>https://justthenews.com/government/courts-law/judge-rules-trump-ineligible-appear-illinois-ballot-under-14th-amendment</ref>

{{clear}}

==See also==
*[[Never-Trumpers 2024]]
*[[Lawfare against Donald Trump]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:United States Presidential Election, 2024]][[Category:Election interference]][[Category:Joe Biden Scandals]][[Category:Donald Trump]]
[[Category:Corruption in Democrat Party]][[Category:2020s]]

Volodymyr Zelensky

2023-08-30T00:40:35Z

Aidanram0:

{{Dictator bio
| image =[[File:Zelensky selfie.PNG|180px]]
| name =Volodymyr Aleksandrovich Zelensky
| birth =January 25, 1978 Kryvyi Rih, Ukrainian SSR (now Ukraine)
| parents =
| religion =unknown
| education =Kyiv National Economic University [[Young Global Leaders|Young Global Leaders Forum]]
| spouse =Olena Kiyashko
| children =2
| death =
| deathmanner =
| burial =
| country =Ukraine
| military =none
| rank =Commander-in-Chief
| polbeliefs =[[Kakistocracy]] [[Fascism]] [[Globalism]]
| party =Fascist bloc, [[Svoboda]], [[Andriy_Biletsky#National_Corp_political_party|Azov National Corp]], European Solidarity
| dictatordate =2019
| war =[[Ukraine Civil War]]
| deathnumber =250,000+
}}
'''Vladimir Aleksandrovich Zelensky'''<ref>or '''Zelenskiy''' (''The Guardian'') in [[Britain]] uses this "Zelenskiy" spelling, sometimes '''Zelenskyy''' aka the '''Cokehead of Kyiv'''</ref> is the [[dictator]] of [[Ukrainian]] [[puppet regime]],<ref>https://www.veteranstoday.com/2022/02/25/kiev-regime-turns-in-ukrainian-people-as-false-flag-warfare-rages-forward/</ref> a [[racist]] [[Russophobe]], [[neo-Nazi]] collaborator,<ref>https://www.mintpressnews.com/ukraine-jewish-president-zelensky-made-peace-neo-nazi-paramilitaries/279862/</ref> kleptocratic book banner <ref>https://www.zerohedge.com/geopolitical/zelensky-signs-bill-banning-russian-books/</ref> and puppet of Western [[globalist]]s. Considered a madman by many,<ref>[https://archive.ph/qnzPK Zelensky the Liar – He Will Be Remembered by History like Hitler], by Martin Armstrong, Armstrong Economics, November 16, 2022.</ref> Zelensky shares with [[Adolf Hitler]] the distinction as [[TIME magazine]] Person of the Year.<ref>https://www.armstrongeconomics.com/armstrongeconomics101/opinion/time-names-zelensky-man-of-the-year-as-they-did-with-hitler-stalin/</ref> Zelensky has repeatedly called for global thermonuclear war.<ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/president-zelensky-suggests-ukraine-may-pursue-nuclear-weapons-to-counter-russia-putin-responds</ref><ref>https://www.fff.org/2022/03/17/zelenskys-call-for-nuclear-war/</ref><ref>https://scooptrade.com/political-scientist-called-zelenskys-calls-a-provocation-of-the-third-world-war/</ref> Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] has called Zelensky "a disgrace to the [[Jewish]] people."<ref>https://www.bitchute.com/video/R7wRiwfUzbIz/</ref>

Zelensky has outlawed democratic opposition, ordered his rivals' arrest, and presided over the disappearance and assassination of dissidents across the country.<ref>https://www.sott.net/article/466876-One-less-traitor-Zelensky-Oversees-Campaign-of-Assassination-Kidnapping-And-Torture-of-Political-Opposition</ref> [[Amnesty International]] has accused Zelensky and his regime of [[war crimes]].<ref>https://www.amnestyusa.org/press-releases/ukrainian-fighting-tactics-endanger-civilians/</ref> Zelensky is a graduate of the [[Young Global Leaders|Young Leaders]] program of the [[World Economic Forum]].<ref>https://goudsmit.pundicity.com/26065/russia-ukraine-and-the-globalist-two-step</ref> Upon assuming the role as [[Head of State]], Zelensky did not surround himself with experienced professional political and foreign policy advisors, but rather brought with him the cast and crew of his media production company, actors, script writers, cameramen, film editors, promotional people and media technical advisors. Casualties in the [[Russia-Ukraine war]] have been horrendous because of Zelensky's refusal to negotiate a peace settlement with the [[Donbas]] Republics and [[Russian Federation]].
[[File:Zelensky kisses Pelosi.PNG|left|300px|thumb|Zelensky puckers up for [[Nancy Pelosi]].]]
In his previous career, he worked in the Ukrainian entertainment industry.<ref>[https://www.bitchute.com/video/f1Ll6yw172sg/ VOLODYMYR ZELENSKY'S TRANSVESTITE DANCE]. This clip of Zelensky dancing in high heels and tight leather pants</ref> In three years Zelensky became a billionaire.<ref>https://www.veteranstoday.com/2022/03/02/blockbuster-drag-queen-zelensky-found-a-billion-dollars-and-a-villa-in-miami/</ref> He was promoted by the [[liberal media]] and elected president of Ukraine in 2019 after the U.S.-backed [[Maidan coup]] which unconstitutionally overthrew the [[democracy|democratically]], directly elected, president of Ukraine in 2014.<ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/before-russias-invasion-of-ukraine-a-decade-of-destabilization_4316990.html</ref> The purpose of the coup was to facilitate [[Western alliance|Western]] [[corporate]] interests to buy up previously state-owned assets.<ref>https://fair.org/home/what-you-should-really-know-about-ukraine/</ref> Zelensky was elected to fight corruption and end the [[War in Donbas]].

When the Russians conducted an incursion to end the [[Donbas war]] where state-sponsored neo-Nazi paramilitary organizations killed over 13,000 civilians in the [[Donbas]] region since 2014, Zelensky implemented a scorched earth policy like the retreating [[Nazi]] forces in [[Italy]] in 1944, blowing up bridges, opening the prisons and arming criminal gangs.<ref>https://dailyindia.net/ukrainian-author-claims-zelensky-government-gave-weapons-to-criminals-cases-of-rape-and-robbery-increased-in-the-city/135874/</ref> Zelensky invited foreign non-state combatants and mercenaries into Ukraine<ref>https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/foreign-fighters-in-ukraine/</ref> described as "war tourists" who were used by the Ukrainian military and NATO as canon fodder,<ref>https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-03-01/australian-foreign-fighters-ukraine-russia-war/100869602</ref> or in the words of one UK volunteer, "bullet catchers."<ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/foreign-fighters-ukraine-offers-purpose-camaraderie-cause-2022-03-07/</ref> Mercenaries who answer Zelensky's call face the death penalty.<ref>https://www.unilad.co.uk/news/shaun-pinner-andrew-hill-prisoner-ukraine-death-penalty-20220528</ref>

The Donbas war atrocities and [[genocide]] had been largely ignored since 2014 by Western media because Donbas was not onboard with the [[globalist]] [[gay agenda]].<ref>http://www.informationliberation.com/?id=62947</ref> Zelensky misplaced hope that [[NATO]] troops and air cover would defend his regime, and even traveled to [[Munich]], [[Germany]] in February 2022 to meet with [[the West]] as Ukrainian forces massed to attack the Donbas.<ref>https://www-elethos-gr.translate.goog/2022/01/dpr-head-says-120000-ukrainian-troops.html?_x_tr_sl=el&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc</ref> Previously, in a rather sick joke Zelensky compared Ukraine to an adult film star, the implication as critics point out, Zelensky, in his own words, is pimping his nation in exchange for foreign cash.<ref>https://youtu.be/mvvYH6oCF54?t=4004</ref>

The Russian incursion began under a collective security agreement to secure the lives and safety of the people of the Donbas, Zelensky is known to have used [[human shields]] in civilian areas similar to the tactics employed by [[Hamas]] in [[Gaza]].<ref>https://www.opindia.com/2022/03/zelenskyy-regime-using-civilians-as-human-shields-against-advancing-russian-troops-asean-centre-expert-mgimo-uni/</ref> Zelensky famously bit the hand that feeds him, saying that Western banks should be charged with war crimes. He is a certified purveyor of [[fake news]] and war [[propaganda]].<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/2022/02/28/pro-ukraine-propaganda-floods-social-media/</ref>

During his time as a comedian, Zelensky was making pro-Nazi jokes that had anti-Semitic and Russophobic content in which the majority of his audience was not laughing and did not seem comfortable.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O2g-93j4ynA](Russian)</ref>

[[File:Zelensky transvestism.PNG|right|300px|thumb|Comedian, now President Volodomyr Zelensky (second from left) [[Transvestism|in drag]] wearing high heels in a Ukrainian music video.<ref>[https://www.bitchute.com/video/f1Ll6yw172sg/ Zelensky in drag.]</ref>]]
[[File:Winston Churchill Award winner.jpg|right|315px|thumb|'''Claim to Fame:''' The man considered by globalists and Western media as the "21st century Winston Churchill" playing ''Chopsticks'' on the piano with his sex organ.]]
[[File:Zelensky regime war crimes.PNG|right|300px|thumb|The Zelensky regime has committed [[genocidal]] [[war crimes]] against Russian-speaking Ukrainian citizens daily unreported by the Western media propaganda apparatus.<ref>https://thedreizinreport.com/2022/10/09/war-crimes-2/</ref>]]
==Background==
[[File:Mass shooter Zelensky.PNG|righrt|300px|thumb|Zelensky playing the role of a psychotic killer in a [[Hollywood]]-inspired rage against [[democracy]] and mass shooting of the people's elected representatives in parliament.<ref>https://youtu.be/nsra8txvD8Y</ref>]]
Zelensky rode the support of the [[liberal media]] to come in first in all but one of Ukraine’s regions losing to [[Poroshenko]] in the western region of [[Lvov]]). Zelensky is a native Russian speaker who also speaks Ukrainian, is of Jewish descent, and supports closer relations with the West.

As a media personality, Zelensky formed his own production company, Quarter 95. For the three years prior to being elected, Zelensky amassed wide exposure starring in a primetime satirical soap opera as the president of Ukraine, crusading against corrupt politicians who would appoint personal friends to high positions and had offshore bank accounts. As president, Zelensky's first acts were to appoint friends to high positions. According to an investigation by the Consortium of International Journalists called the Pandora Papers, rather than re-invest the profits of his television production company to employ people in Ukraine, Zelensky has offshore bank accounts to store the profits of his looting Ukraine through his production company even before his run for the presidency.<ref>https://youtu.be/C0JUpCrdG88</ref>

Zelensky's rise to power with media mogul [[Ihor Kolomoisky]]'s support suggested that the Western-backed corrupt oligarchy would remain in control of Ukraine. [[Hunter Biden]] was hired by the oligarchs 7 weeks after the [[coup]]. Kolomoisky owns the bank through which payments to the [[Biden family]] were made and provided the funding for the neo-Nazi [[Azov Battalion]].<ref>https://www.sott.net/article/465534-A-single-Ukrainian-billionaire-funded-Hunter-Biden-President-Volodymyr-Zelensky-and-the-neo-nazi-Azov-Battalion</ref> Under the Maidan regime, the country has become more impoverished with 50% of the population now living in poverty.

In his made-for-TV series, ''Servant of the People'', by murdering other people's elected representatives, Zelensky somehow is cutting a path for the future of Ukrainian "democracy."

===Globalism===

As an actor, comedian and soap opera star,<ref>https://www.bitchute.com/video/qn7XVUOpllCH/</ref> Zelensky closely aligned himself with Western globalists and was elected based on the support of a billionaire oligarch in Ukraine, Ihor Kolomoisky, whose media empire included Zelensky as a partner.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Volodymyr-Zelensky</ref> Zelensky's campaign consisted of doing comedy routines. The election outcomes suggested that issues of ethnic and linguistic identity mattered less to voters than expected. Not until after the Biden regime seized power were ethnic tensions renewed by globalist media and propaganda.

In a monologue to a comedy show aired April 12, 2014 shortly after the [[Maidan regime]] seized power, Zelensky read an imaginary letter to his family back home:
{{quotebox-float|"Good Day Uncle Igor, Aunt Valya and Uncle Sasha. Despite your fears, I can tell you that I live well as far as I live. Soon it will be even better. Because it's been three weeks since I was accepted into the [[Bandera]] community. That's normal, otherwise you can't make a career here in Ukraine. However, I don't have to tell you that, because you know it yourself. I don't get a salary, but that's not the most important thing. We have been allowed to take money and wealth from the Russians. In the past, this was also possible with the Jews. But then the top Bandera supporter Kolomoisky came and banned stealing money from the Jews.

For example, I'm learning [[English]] now, so as not to forget Russian. American [[mercenaries]], who are here for us every step of the way, help me. You know what? I got married for the second time, he is Wadik. For us [[European]]s this is quite normal. Today, our President, [[Barack Obama]], promised all the most important thing for us, that we will soon join NATO. For the time being, of course, we are the property of America. If it is possible, please send me [[Hitler]]'s book '[[Mein Kampf]]', because that's how everything is done down here. I take care of in the morning to go to the balcony and do morning exercises. From my heart to the sun, so. But I don't have to tell you, because you know it yourself."<ref>https://youtu.be/jIA-38WgpnQ</ref><ref>https://www.kla.tv/22511</ref>}}

Zelensky has been accused of toxic masculinity.<ref>[https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2022/03/26/maher_women_can_believe_masculinity_is_toxic_or_worship_zelensky_but_they_cant_do_both.html Maher: Women Can Believe Masculinity Is Toxic Or Worship Zelensky, But They Can't Do Both], Ian Schwartz, March 26, 2022</ref> His comedy has been described as puerile, vulgar, and working class. His mother is said to be ashamed of his chosen career as a comedian. Zelensky performed at events for former President Viktor Yanukovych. As a successful television producer, Zelensky purchased a 15 room villa in [[Tuscany]] which he never disclosed during the presidential campaign. In 2012 ''[[Forbes]]'' reported Zelensky's net worth at $15 million.

===Corruption===
[[File:Rinat Akhmetov and Leonid Kuchma.png|right|300px|thumb|Rinat Akhmetov and Leonid Kuchma.<ref>https://consortiumnews.com/2022/12/16/the-autumn-of-oligarchs-in-ukraine/</ref><ref>https://youtu.be/Za3iAdRjYQc</ref>]]
Zelensky has accumulated $1.2 billion in the Dresdner Bank Lateinamerika in [[Costa Rica]] during the two and a half years of his presidency. This money was transferred to the president by Ukrainian oligarchs, such as Rinat Akhmetov, Igor Kolomoisky, and [[Clinton Foundation]] donor [[Victor Pinchuk]]. Ilya Kiva, a member of the Ukrainian parliament, noted that replenishment is done regularly in tranches of $12 million to $35 million. And they go through banks like First Union Bank, Deutsche Bank, Banque Nationale de Paris. According to Kiva, the movement of such funds would be impossible without the control of the authorities of [[Germany]] and [[France]]. Kiva pointed out Zelensky was able to buy a villa in Sunny Isles, [[Florida]] built by Kolomoisky and Pinchuk for $34 million.<ref>https://shtf.tv/zelensky-found-a-billion-dollars-and-a-villa-in-miami/</ref>

Zelensky, like [[Joe Biden]]'s son [[Hunter Biden]], is [[addiction|addicted]] to [[cocaine]] and describes its use as "Awesome! Awesome!"<ref>https://www.bitchute.com/video/Y6CGIO0d8Tue/</ref> Zelnsky is regarded by Western media and governments as a role model.

Upon taking office, Zelensky declared, "Our first task is to stop the conflict in the Donbass, in order for our heroes to die. I'm ready for anything. I'm not afraid to make difficult decisions. I'm ready to lose my popularity and my ranking values. If it is necessary, I will be, without hesitation, ready to lose my office, just so that peace may come." A little while later Zelensky realized that his life, and the lives of his family, depends on the [[Pravy Sektor]], and Nazis with extreme views,. Shortly thereafter, he said: "Not all of the people representatives are people, there are also copies." Zelensky is reported to have received a British [[passport]] and citizenship in March 2022 so as to flee Ukraine at any given moment.<ref>https://cmio.org/en/world/660051-representatives-of-zelenskys-office-received-british-citizenship-kiva-said</ref>

According to [[CBS News]], of the billions of dollars in NATO weapons pumped into Ukraine, only 30% made it to the front lines.<ref>https://rumble.com/v1f0qmr-cbs-news-exposes-ukraine-weapons-scam-30-maybe-reaches-its-final-destinatio.html</ref>

==President 2019-present==
{{See also|Zelensky regime}}
<center>{{cquote|''Volodymyr Zelensky is the West’s ideal vessel for laundering its worst ideas. Forget fighting till the last Ukrainian - this canary in the filthiest ideological coal mine the international banking cartels could build might just lead the empire all the way to that great mushroom cloud in the sky.''|||Helen of desTroy<ref>https://helenofdestroy.substack.com/p/washington-robot</ref>}}</center>

[[File:Zelensky Death's Head.PNG|left|300px|thumb|Zelensky bodyguard with World War II Nazi ''Totenkopf Verbande'' (''Death's Head Formation'') insignia.<ref>https://thegrayzone.com/2022/09/15/zelensky-bodyguards-hitler-patch/</ref>]]
The veteran comedian brought with him upon taking office in 2019 his entire media production crew, including script writers and other actors. [[Alexei Arestovich]], another TV entertainer, was appointed as a military adviser and press spokesman. Zelensky declared, "Our first task is to stop the conflict in the Donbass, for which our heroes died. I'm ready for anything. I'm not afraid to make difficult decisions. I'm ready to lose my popularity and my approval ratings. If it is necessary, I will be, without hesitation, ready to lose my office, just so that peace may come." A short time later Zelensky realized that his life, and the lives of his family, was dependent upon the Nazis, the people with extreme views from the Pravy Sektor. Shortly thereafter, he said: "Not all of the people representatives are people, there are also copies."<ref>A paraphrasing from the notorious 1943 Nazi tract quoted by Nazi leaders in Ukrainian, ''Der Untermenschen:'' "The subhuman is a biological creature, crafted by nature, which has hands, legs, eyes and mouth, even the semblance of a brain. Nevertheless, this terrible creature is only a partial human being. Although it has features similar to a human, the subhuman is lower on the spiritual and psychological scale than any animal." [http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/holoprelude/deruntermensch.html]</ref>

Amongst a raft of casualties and desertions, as untrained soldiers were placed at the front in impossible and hopeless situations with no artillery or armor and given orders to fight on and not surrender, two members of the Servant of the People Party of which Zelensky is [[führer]] introduced a bill (No. 7351) allowing AFU officers to kill their own soldiers who refused to follow orders.<ref>https://archive.ph/SWdge</ref> On June 12, 2022 Ukrainian dictator Volodymyr Zelensky signed a decree allowing the Ukrainian command to use territorial defense fighters to perform tasks in areas of military operations. Zelensky’s decree legalized sending untrained members of the Territorial Defense to the front as cannon fodder to face the professional Russian army. Conscription in Ukraine amounted to kidnapping people off the street.<ref>https://www.bitchute.com/video/7Vtu5iGUI8AI/</ref><ref>https://www.bitchute.com/video/VGvadFMbUts1/</ref>

As the situation in Donbas deteriorated and Zelesnky's stubborn resistance to allowing 15,000 soldiers to withdraw from the encirclement, rumors mounted of an imminent [[coup]] to remove the actor/comedian and replace him with Gen. [[Valerii Zaluzhnyi]] whom Gen. [[Mark Milley]] said of on May 23, 2022, "General Zaluzhny is the man behind that effort, bearing the immense burden of leading in combat. His work will be remembered by history." ''[[Time magazine]]'' named Zaluzhny one of its 100 Most Influential People of 2022.<ref>https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2022/6177692/valeriy-zaluzhnyy/</ref> ''[[Politico]]'' also offered words of praise for Zaluzhnyi.<ref>https://www.politico.com/news/2022/04/08/ukraines-iron-general-zaluzhnyy-00023901</ref> Secretary of the National Security and Defense Council Oleksiy Danilov is reported to have backed Zaluzhnyi.

After a photoshoot with [[Vogue magazine|''Vogue'' magazine]], Zelensky sat down for an interview with [[Piers Morgan]]. Zelensky was asked about [[inflation]], which according to U.S. polls was the voters number one concern. Zelensky said "inflation is nothing" and told Americans to suck it up and keep handing over cash and weapons in aid.

===Collusion with Nazis===
{{See also|Azov Battalion}}
{{Anchor|Medvedko}}{{Anchor|Polishchuk}}
[[File:Zelensky neo-Nazi award.PNG|right|300px|thumb|Zelensky presents neo-Nazi leader with the Hero of Ukraine award for atrocities committed against ethnic Russians.<ref>https://thegrayzone.com/2022/03/04/nazis-ukrainian-war-russia/</ref>]]
[[Oles Buzina]] (also Buzyna), a prominent journalist and author who advocated for unity among Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia and campaigned to outlaw neo-Nazi organizing, was shot and killed near his apartment on April 16, 2015 by state-backed death squads after his name appeared on the [[Myrotvorets]] public blacklist of “enemies of the state” list.<ref>https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/ukraine-crisis/pro-russian-journalist-oles-buzina-shot-dead-kiev-masked-gunmen-n342661</ref> In June 2015, investigators accused Andriy Medvedko and fellow C14 member, Denys Polishchuk, of killing Buzina.<ref>https://reportingradicalism.org/en/dossiers/people/andrii-medvedko-prominent-c14-member-and-former-svoboda-party-official</ref> During the Maidan coup C14 activists took over Kyiv’s city hall and plastered its walls with neo-Nazi insignia before taking shelter in the Canadian embassy.<ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canadian-embassy-used-as-safe-haven-during-ukraine-uprising-investigation-finds-1.3148719</ref> A March 2018 report by ''[[Reuters]]'' stated that “C14 and Kiev’s city government recently signed an agreement allowing C14 to establish a ‘municipal guard’ to patrol the streets."<ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cohen-ukraine-commentary/commentary-ukraines-neo-nazi-problem-idUSKBN1GV2TY</ref> By offering to carry out acts of violence on behalf of anyone willing to pay, the C14 fostered a cozy relationship with various governing bodies and powerful elites across Ukraine. Their advertisement on [[Facebook]] reads:<ref>https://khpg.org/en/1520808476</ref>
{{quotebox-float|“C14 works for you. Help us keep afloat, and we will help you. For regular donors, we are opening a box for wishes. Which of your enemies would you like to make life difficult for? We’ll try to do that.”}}
In 2018, a C14 youth organizer, Serhiy Bondar, spoke at an event at America House Kyiv, a US government institution that describes itself as “your main resource in Ukraine for American culture, education, and information.” This young fascist leader boasts of working with Kyiv police to “purge” a [[Gypsy]] homeless camp from a train station.<ref>https://twitter.com/RealAlexRubi/status/1498191420703883264</ref>

C14 is even more notorious than the Azov Battalion. The name is a direct reference to the [[white supremacist]] “14 words”, ""We must secure the existence of our people and a future for white children." C14 has also received funding from the Zelensky regime, in the form of a Ministry of Youth and Sport grant for “national-patriotic education projects."<ref>https://khpg.org/en/1528928862</ref>
[[File:Zelensky meets with Nazis.PNG|right|300px|thumb|Zelensky meets with Nazi leaders. (Far left) Dmytro Shatrovsky with Azov Battalion T-shirt, (across table) Volodymyr Zelensky, (bottom right end) Yehven Karas.]]
Since September 2019, Buzina's alleged killer Andriy Medvedko has served as a member of the National Anti-Corruption Bureau (NACB). In January 2020, he became a part of a working group on the 'rights and freedoms of veterans in prison', under the Ministry for Veterans Affairs. Denys Polishchuk, the other accused killer, heads the working group, which includes fellow C14 members Yevhen Karas and Oleksandr Voitko, as well as former lawmaker Oksana Korchinska. Karas has claimed that the SBU would “pass on” information citizens of the Donbas “not only [to] us, but also Azov, the Right Sector and so on.”<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220129134515/https://news.liga.net/politics/interview/s14_kto_oni_i_pochemu_im_pozvoleno_bit_lyudey C14. Who they are and why they are allowed to beat people]. 15.11.2017.</ref>

In October 2019, Zelensky met with Karas, Dmytro Shatrovsky, and other neo-Nazi leaders.<ref>https://canadianpatriot.org/2022/04/28/how-ukraines-jewish-president-zelensky-made-peace-with-neo-nazi-paramilitaries-on-front-lines-of-war-with-russia/</ref> Days later prime minister and deputy head of Zelensky’s office Oleksiy Honcharuk appeared on stage at a neo-Nazi concert organized by accused C14 murderer Andriy Medvedko.<ref>https://www.timesofisrael.com/ukrainian-pm-minister-attended-neo-nazi-concert-in-kyiv/</ref>
[[File:Ukrainian nazis.PNG|left|500px|thumb|Viral tweet during the Zelensky regime.]]
In April 2021 Zelensky sought to appoint the Serhiy Sternenko as head of Ukraine’s Security Service ([[SBU]]) in Odessa, in an attempt to further his alliance with neo-Nazi forces.<ref>https://adarapress.com/2022/02/25/ukrainian-president-zelensky-deepens-alliance-with-far-right/</ref> As the former head of the neo-Nazi Pravy Sektor in Odessa, Sternenko was directly implicated in the [[Odessa Trade Unions House massacre|2014 Trade Unions House massacre]] where 46 people were burnt alive according to the Kyiv regime's official investigation. Eyewitnesses claim many more were killed. He is a convicted criminal and as of March 2022 was under investigation for murder.<ref>https://covertactionmagazine.com/2021/07/29/our-mission-is-to-lead-the-white-races-of-the-world-in-a-final-crusadeagainst-semite-led-untermenschen-subhumans/</ref>

In December 2021, Zelensky presented fascist Pravy Sektor commander Dmytro Kotsyubaylo with the “Hero of Ukraine” award in the Ukrainian parliament. The Pravy Sektor was deeply involved in the Maidan coup, the sniper murders of the "Heavenly Hundred",<ref>https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKMoq61IN02VsItd-uIZKtJKrPxA4z1Q8</ref> the burning alive of between 46 and 116 ethnic Russians in the Odessa Trade Unions House massacre,<ref>https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=16460&LangID=E</ref> and has killed thousands of ethnic Russian civilians in the [[Donbas]] since 2014.<ref>https://twitter.com/aaronjmate/status/1496308793810034688</ref> Pravy Sektor is classified as a terror organization in Russia.

On February 5, 2022, nineteen days before the Russian incursion, Yevhen Karas appeared on television in Kyiv boasting of the influence his organization and other Nazi groups enjoy in Ukrainian politics.<ref>https://twitter.com/RealAlexRubi/status/1497747535783411714</ref> “LGBT and foreign embassies say ‘there were not many Nazis at Maidan, maybe about 10 percent of real ideological ones,’” Karas remarked. “If not for those eight percent [of neo-Nazis] the effectiveness [of the Maidan coup] would have dropped by 90 percent.” The 2014 Maidan “[[Revolution of Dignity]]” would have been a “gay parade” if not for the instrumental role of neo-Nazis, he proclaimed. Karas went on to declare that [[the West]] armed Ukrainian ultra-nationalists because “we have fun killing.”

Zelensky refers to native Russian speaking citizens of Ukraine a "species".

===Liquidation of political opponents===

In November 2021, Zelensky appointed Oleksandr Poklad to head the SBU’s [[counterintelligence]]. A former lawyer and cop with ties to organized [[crime]], Poklad is nicknamed “The Strangler” – a reference to his favorite method of obtaining testimony from his victims.<ref>https://eadaily.com/ru/news/2021/12/02/ze-doveril-kontrrazvedku-sbu-gestapovcu-xxi-veka-po-klichke-dushitel</ref> The SBU functions as Zelensky's gestapo organization.<ref>https://www.donbass-insider.com/2022/03/10/sbu-the-terrible-ukrainian-political-police-assassinations-and-torture/</ref> The [[Security Service of Ukraine]] (SBU} closely collaborates with neo-Nazi groups including Right Sector, Azov, and C14, which was contracted by the Ukrainian government to conduct street patrols. Several mayors and other Ukrainian officials were killed since the Russian incursion by Ukrainian state agents after engaging in de-escalation talks with Russia forces to protect civilians and infrastructure in their communities. The SBU hunted down local officials that accepted humanitarian relief supplies from Russia or negotiated with Russian forces to arrange humanitarian corridors for civilian evacuations.
[[File:Truth of the Zelensky regime.PNG|right|300px|thumb|After posting a list of prominent people disappeared or murdered by the Zelensky regime,<ref>https://www.trendsmap.com/twitter/tweet/1507644195212824582</ref> [[Gonzalo Lira]] himself was disappeared from [[Kharkiv]].<ref>https://twitter.com/Anabel_Villeroy/status/1516131041672638464</ref>]]
In a March 19, 2022 [[executive order]], Zelensky invoked martial law to ban 11 opposition parties. Max Blumenthal and Esha Krishnaswamy characterized the outlawed parties as "the entire [[left-wing]], [[socialist]], or anti-NATO spectrum in Ukraine." They included the For Life Party, the Left Opposition, the Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine, the Socialist Party of Ukraine, Union of Left Forces, Socialists, the Party of Shariy, Ours, State, Opposition Bloc and the Volodymyr Saldo Bloc. Openly fascist and pro-Nazi parties like the Azov National Corps were left untouched by the presidential decree, however.

The following is a very brief, partial list posted by independent Chilean/American journalist [[Gonzalo Lira]], of prominent Ukrainian citizens who were disappeared under Zelensky. Gonzalo Lire himself was disappeared on April 15, 2022.

*Vlodymyr Struk, pro-Russian mayor kidnapped and murdered.<ref>https://nypost.com/2022/03/03/pro-russian-mayor-of-ukrainian-city-kidnapped-killed/</ref>
*Denis Kireev, Ukraine peace negotiator shot dead ‘defending the nation’.<ref>https://www.the-sun.com/news/4831656/ukraine-peace-negotiator-spy-shot-russia-kireev/</ref>
*Mikhail & Aleksander Kononovich, Ukrainian youth leaders arrested.
*Nestor Shufrych, Ukrainian member of parliament arrested.<ref>https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-lawmaker-photographing-checkpoint/31736680.html</ref>
*Yan Taksyur, Ukrainian Orthodox journalist jailed with no access to a lawyer medical treatment.<ref>https://orthochristian.com/145355.html</ref>
*Dmitri Djangirov, Ukrainian journalist, political expert, political scientist arrested.

[[Scott Ritter]], whom Lira interviewed four days before his abduction, wrote about how people can respond to injustice: "we can call out Zelensky’s “cursed machine” for the [[crime]]s it is committing every day in defense of a perverted vision of Ukrainian nationalism that has mainstreamed the odious ideology of [[Nazi Germany]], giving voice to its [[hate]]-filled logic, and empowering its minions to silence the voices of those who, like Gonzalo Lira, dared speak truth to power."<ref>https://freepress.substack.com/p/what-russians-know-422</ref>

===Anti-democratic decrees===
Zelensky declared martial law, armed neo-Nazi and criminal gangs,<ref>https://www.bitchute.com/video/8ohZv5w59uHt/</ref> and his secret police, the [[SBU]], began arrests and liquidations of political opposition.<ref>https://www.sott.net/article/466876-One-less-traitor-Zelensky-Oversees-Campaign-of-Assassination-Kidnapping-And-Torture-of-Political-Opposition</ref> On March 20, 2022 Zelensky announced a ban on 11 political parties, including parties with sitting members of [[parliament]]<ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/zelensky-announces-ban-on-11-political-parties_4349682.html</ref> but not the Nazi organizations.
Additionally, the fascist [[dictator]] eliminated all independent media and consolidated all information flow into one government controlled television platform.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/citing-martial-law-ukraine-president-signs-decree-combine-national-tv-channels-2022-03-20/</ref>

Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman [[Maria Zakharova]] was asked to comment on Zelensky's initiative to confiscate the property and assets of persons supporting a [[special military operation]] to liberate oppressed people in Ukraine and similar measures taken by a number of other Western countries. "The confiscation of [[private property]] from individuals for their political beliefs is a flagrant violation of the principles of [[democracy]] and the [[market economy]]," Zakharova said.

===Wartime leader - Best Actor===
{{See also|Donbas war}}
[[File:Zelensky receives the best actor reward.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Zelensky receives the Best Actor Award.]]
Zelensky betrayed his campaign promises of reform and meaningful progress to implement the [[Minsk Agreements]] and resolve the Donbass stalemate, leading to a rapid decline in popular support. He maintains power in Ukraine by a campaign of intimidation and terror conducted by the secret police.

On March 24, 2021, Volodymyr Zelensky issued a decree for aggressive action against Crimea, and began to deploy his forces to the south of the country. At the same time, several NATO exercises were conducted between the [[Black Sea]] and the [[Baltic Sea]], accompanied by a significant increase in reconnaissance flights along the Russian border. Russia then conducted several exercises to test the operational readiness of its troops.

Things calmed down until October-November with the end of the ZAPAD 21 exercises, whose troop movements were interpreted as a reinforcement for an offensive against the Ukraine. However, even the Ukrainian authorities refuted the idea of Russian preparations for a war, and Oleksiy Reznikov, Ukrainian Minister of Defense, states that there had been no change in Russian troop levels on its border since the spring of 2021.

In violation of the Minsk Agreements, Ukraine was conducting air operations in Donbas using drones, including at least one strike against a fuel depot in [[Donetsk]] in October 2021. The American press noted this, but not the Europeans; and no one condemned these violations of international peace agreements.
[[File:Number-of-Explosions-in-Donbass-19-20-February-2022.jpg|right|300px|thumb|]]
In February 2022, events were precipitated. On February 7, during his visit to Moscow, [[Emmanuel Macron]] reaffirmed to Vladimir Putin his commitment to the Minsk Agreements, a commitment he would repeat after his meeting with Volodymyr Zelensky the next day. But on February 11, in [[Berlin]], after nine hours of work, the meeting of political advisors of the leaders of the “Normandy format” ended, without any concrete result: the Ukrainians still refused to apply the Minsk Agreements, apparently under pressure from the United States. [[Vladimir Putin]] noted that Macron had made empty promises and that the West was still ignoring the agreements, as it had been doing for eight years.

[[India]]n geopolitical researcher Amit Sengupta characterized Zelensky and his relationship with the U.S. this way:
{{quotebox-float|"Zelinsky turned out to be an American stooge who literally destroyed his own country in the name of [[democracy]]. I've seen a lot of people saying that Zelensky is fighting for its country. What you need to understand is that this is not the right way of fighting for your country. This is a rebellious way of fighting. A smart and visionary leader looks for an alternative way of solving this matter. What Zelensky is doing, he is acting like a passive aggressive teenager, and America is continuously supplying weapons from behind. America is adding more fuel to the chaos."<ref>https://youtu.be/eRDIWQCjBBE</ref>}}
The U.N. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights concluded on June 29, 2022 that Zelensky used civilians as [[human shields]] when Ukrainian soldiers took up firing positions, effectively making the civilian infrastructure legitimate military targets.<ref>https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2022/07/10/un-human-rights-report-shows-ukraine-military-used-nursing-home-residents-as-human-shields/</ref>

In his 2023 New Year's Eve message to the nation, Volodymyr Zelensky referred to Russians as "non-humans", twice for emphasis.<ref>https://www.ukrainianworldcongress.org/address-by-president-volodymyr-zelensky-dec-31-2022/</ref>

Former parliamentary opposition leader [[Viktor Medvedchuk]], whom Zelensky jailed and was released to the [[DNR]] in POWS swap, saidm “The country was plunged into a fire for the inflated ego of this man,” adding,
{{quotebox-float|"Today, the West flatters him at every opportunity. What luck! A ruler who would destroy his country for a photo op, boost his ratings on the blood and suffering of his citizens. Zelensky slaughtered law and stability for the sake of applause and posturing."}}

====Operation Denazification====
{{See also|NATO war in Ukraine}}
[[File:Volodymyr-Zelenskyy-Minister-of-Defense-selfie.jpg|right|300ox|thumb|Volodomyr Zelensky (right) poses with Ukrainian Defense Minister Oleksii Reznikov for a selfie during the Siege of Kyiv, February 27, 2022.<ref>https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2022/02/27/peace-talks-possible-between-russia-and-ukraine-as-magnificently-defiant-zelenskyy-stands-atop-the-alamo-of-kyiv-taking-selfies/</ref> Reznikov was fired in February 2023 in a [[kickback]] scandal related to US aid and Ukraine defense spending. Because of Reznikov's utility to the Americans and Zelensky, he was rehired by the end of the week.]]
Zelensky proposed Ukraine obtain nuclear weapons. When Vladimir Putin announce the Special Military Operation in Ukraine, Putin referenced the fact that Ukraine was run by a gang of drug-addicts and neo-Nazis.<ref>https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/putin-calls-ukraine-government-drug-172802290.html</ref>

During the night of February 25-26, 2022 Volodymyr Zelensky sent a ceasefire proposal to Russia via the [[Chinese]] embassy in Kyiv. The [[Kremlin]] immediately responded by setting out its conditions:<ref>https://nexusnewsfeed.com/article/geopolitics/zelensky-prepared-to-surrender/</ref>
*arrest of all Nazis ([[Dmitro Yarosh]] and the [[Azov Battalion]], etc.)
*removal of all street names and destruction of monuments glorifying Nazi collaborators during the [[Second World War]] ([[Stepan Bandera]], etc.),
*laying down of weapons.

10 days after the incursion, a French reporter asked Zelensky how his life had changed since the intervention of Russian troops in the Donbas war. Zelensky replied,
{{quotebox-float|“Today, my life is beautiful. I believe that I am needed. I feel it is the most important meaning in life – to be needed. To feel that you are not just an emptiness that is just breathing, walking, and eating something. You live.”<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z-R4sh2z0EM&t=3426s</ref>}}
Critics were horrified by the response. Analyst Natylie Baldwin noted, "this construction is alarming: it implies that Zelensky enjoys the unique opportunity to perform on a global stage provided by the war. It made his life beautiful; he lives. In contrast to millions of Ukrainians whose life is not nice at all and thousands of those who are not alive any longer."<ref>https://consortiumnews.com/2022/04/29/ukraine-the-real-zelensky/</ref>

During the [[2022 Russia-Ukraine conflict]] to denazify and demilitarize Ukraine, Zelensky said in a televised address that Kyiv has been left to fend for itself as [[NATO]] is "afraid" to give it any guarantees. "I asked them -- are you with us? They answered that they are with us, but they don't want to take us into the alliance. I've asked 27 leaders of [[Europe]], if Ukraine will be in NATO, I've asked them directly -- all are afraid and did not respond. We were left by ourselves. Who is ready to go to war for us? Honestly, I don't see anybody. Who is ready to give Ukraine guarantees of NATO membership? Honestly, everybody is afraid."<ref>https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/international/ive-asked-27-leaders-of-europe-all-are-afraid-ukraine-president</ref> In accordance with NATO rules, a country having territorial disputes cannot be admitted to the bloc.

In response to the commencement of [[Operation Denazification]] Zelensky handed out military grade weapons to neo-Nazi criminal gangs.<ref>https://twitter.com/JDPlatinumINVST/status/1498418936932622337</ref>

====Zelensky the puppet====

''Ukrainska Pravda'' reported in May 2022 on Boris Johnson's unannounced surprise visit to Kyiv shortly after Russia and Ukraine had reached a peace settlement in their talks in [[Istanbul]]. The Russians had agreed to withdraw to the pre-February 2022 borders and Zelensky would implement the [[Minsk Accords]]. ''Ukrainska Pravda'' reported in essence what Johnson told Zelensky according to sources close to the Ukrainian dictator:
[[File:Zelensky the puppet.PNG|right|300px|thumb|Zelensky the puppet.]]
[[File:Zelensky and Boris.PNG|left|300px|thumb|Zelesnky and BoJo. Boris Johnson sabotaged peace efforts between Russia and Ukraine in April 2022. Tens of thousands of Ukrainian solders died needlessly in the following months.]]
[[File:SBU raids chuch.PNG |right|300px|thumb|Gestapo raid on the Kiev-[[Pechersk Lavra]] monastery, the preeminent center of Christianity since 1051 A.D. Other raids were carried out on the Cyril and Methodius Convent in Transcarpathia, and in Rovno, Vinnitsa, and Zhitomir oblasts looking for "Russian spys" and propaganda.<ref>https://thedreizinreport.com/2022/11/25/dreizin-retires/</ref>]]
{{quotebox-float|"if Ukraine is ready to sign some agreements on guarantees with Putin, they [the UK and US] are not. Johnson’s position was that the [[Western alliance|collective West]], which back in February had suggested Zelenskyy should surrender and flee, now felt that Putin was not really as powerful as they had previously imagined, and that here was a chance to "press him."<ref>https://www.zerohedge.com/geopolitical/western-allies-led-uks-johnson-sabotaged-tentative-ukraine-russia-peace-deal</ref>}}
[[File:Prime Minister Boris Johnson visits Ukrainian troops training in North Yorkshire.jpeg|left|300px|thumb|Boris Johnson posing with Ukrainian special forces. Most were killed in an unsuccessful NATO raid on the [[Zaporozhye nuclear power plant]].]]
On October 13, 2022 Russian foreign minister Sergey Lavrov said at a press conference:

{{quotebox-float|"We sat at the negotiating table with the Ukrainian delegation until the end of March [2022], when an approach to a settlement on the principles suggested by the Ukrainians at the time had been harmonised in [[Istanbul]]. These principles suited us for that moment but the talks were stopped by direct order from Washington and London.

This conflict is overrun with [[Anglo-Saxon]]s that fully control the Vladimir Zelensky regime. The Poles and people from the Baltics are trying to fit in on their team.

Since then the Ukrainian President has said many times that he is not going to hold talks with the Russian Federation under President Vladimir Putin. Recently, he codified this ban in law. We have never sought negotiations. The Istanbul round completed the process started at Ukraine’s request. Russia positively reacted to the proposal to enter a dialogue, but its initiators cut it off with a shout from overseas or London.

We are hearing statements by [[White House]] representative John Kirby, my colleague Antony Blinken and other members of the US administration. They are saying that they are completely open to talks with the Russian Federation, that they favor a political settlement of the current situation in Ukraine but Russia (the “troublemaker”) is rejecting proposals to establish contact. I can say straight away that this is a lie. We have not received any serious proposals to establish any such contact. There were some attempts that were not very serious, but we didn’t reject them, either. Instead, we suggested that they formulate specific proposals. Some people made them to us by proxy but in this case, we didn’t receive any clear explanations from anyone, either. No need to lie. We were taught in a kindergarten then lying is bad. Apparently, American kindergartens are not so advanced as they were in the [[Soviet Union]] and are now in Russia."}}

{{Anchor|Tornado Battalion}}

====Escalation====
On June 1, 2022 Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Sergey Ryabkov told ''RIA Novosti'' news that Biden's decision to arm Ukraine with [[HIMAR]] missile launchers increases the risk of direct confrontation between Russia and the United States. Foreign secretary [[Blinken]] said the weapons, which have a precision range of up to 300 kilometers, were given on the pretext of a promise by Zelensky not to use the HIMARs against Russian territory. However Zelensky's transgender chief propagandist [[Alexei Arestovich]] immediately threatened, "[[Crimea]] is ours…It belongs to Ukraine…And they know it…Therefore, it will fly to Crimea double-time."<ref>https://www.sott.net/article/468500-US-to-allow-Ukraine-to-decide-range-of-missiles-Kiev-threatens-to-strike-Crimea-should-the-need-arise?</ref> Deputy Chairman of Russia’s Security Council [[Dmitry Medvedev]] retorted, “If those types of weapons are used against the territory of Russia, the armed forces of our country will have no other choice but to strike decision-making centers...It is obvious what those decision-making centers are: the defense ministry, the general staff and so on...But it should be understood that, in this case, the ultimate decision-making centers are regretfully not even on the territory of Kiev." <ref>https://tass.com/politics/1459891</ref>

====Releasing criminal psychopaths====
According to a July 11, 2022 report in Ukrainian media, Ruslan Onishenko, commander of the now-disbanded Tornado Battalion, was freed as part of Zelensky’s scheme to release prisoners with combat experience. Along with an unwavering commitment to fascism, Onishenko is known as a [[psychopath]]ic [[sadist]] who was involved in sexually assaulting children, brutally torturing prisoners, and murder.<ref>https://focus.ua/uk/amp/ukraine/521825-osuzhdennyy-za-pytki-byvshiy-kombat-tornado-onishchenko-vyshel-na-svobodu-eks-nardep</ref> Onishenko’s release follows a February 27, 2022 order by Zelensky to free other convicted former Tornado members like Danil “Mujahed” Lyashuk, a fanatic from Belarus who has openly emulated [[ISIS]] and boasted of torturing captives for sheer enjoyment. According to Zelensky‘s decree, prisoners with combat experience would be allowed to “compensate for their guilt” by fighting in the “hottest spots.”<ref>https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10559879/Zelensky-reveals-prisoners-combat-experience-RELEASED-help-defend-Ukraine.html</ref>

====Battle of Bakhmut====
{{See also|Battle of Bakhmut}}
Just as [[der Führer]] of the [[Third Reich]], [[Adolf Hitler]] did during the [[Second World War]], [[Zelensky]] ordered that there be no Ukrainian retreat from the frontline city of [[Bakhmut]], giving no solution to a hopeless situation for the Ukrainian military. Ukrainian officers ensured that by blowing up the one bridge providing an escape route to Slavyansk, Ukrainian soldiers could not retreat.

''[[Newsweek]]'' spoke with 'former' U.S. Colonel Andrew Milburn who, together with 'volunteers', trained Ukrainian soldiers: "They've been taking extraordinarily high casualties," Milburn said of the units training with the American Mozart PMC. "The numbers you are reading in the media about 70 percent and above casualties being routine are not exaggerated."<ref>https://www.newsweek.com/wagner-group-targeting-volunteers-ukraine-mozart-group-russia-andy-milburn-1765321</ref> A unit with 50% casualties is usually no longer able to fight and withdrawn from combat. But Zelensky left the units on the frontline until nearly nobody was left in them.

Morale fell among Ukrainian forces. A viral video addressed to Gen. Zaluzhny and President Zelensky narrated by a Ukrainian soldier stated:
{{quotebox-float|"I want to send my greetings to AGETHA [[Zaluzhny]] and to our President. How is it going? Are they warm where you are? You say in your videos that everything is fine, that the soldiers do not need anything. We are not only killed by orks (Russians) but also by cold. Where is our aid? The Administration ignores us. The c@@@@@ only threaten us with imprisonment.

Remember this: We will definitely be back. We will survive. Not just for the victory but to hang you in Kiev, in Maidan Square. Pray that the Russians will arrive first. Then maybe you'll stay alive in jail!"<ref>https://warnews247.gr/o-rosikos-stratos-bike-stin-poli-tou-bakhmut-odomachies-se-katoikimenes-perioches-oukranoi-stratiotes-kata-zelenski-tha-se-kremasoume-sto-kievo/</ref>}}
In the month of February 2023 the Ukrainians lost about 11,000 men in Bakhmut.<ref>https://www.easternherald.com/2023/03/07/prigozhin-said-wagner-pmc-killed-11000-uaf-militants-in-bakhmut-in-february/</ref> During the fall of Bakhmut, where Ukrainian dictator Volodymyr Zelensky sent thousands of untrained 16-year-olds, middle-aged fathers, and old men, forcibly pressed in service of the [[Kiev regime]] to die senselessly as cannon fodder, [[Germany]]’s top newspaper ''Bild'' reported that Zelensky had a major disagreement with his top general [[Zaluzhny]] regarding the withdrawal, or lack thereof, of Bakhmut.<ref>https://www.moonofalabama.org/2023/03/why-bakhmut-is-falling.html</ref> Gen. Zaluzhny had argued for months to abandon Bakhmut and end the slaughter, however Zelensky did not want to give the appearance to his Western puppet masters that Ukraine was losing ground while he was begging for money before the [[U.S. Congress]].<ref>https://www.bild.de/politik/ausland/politik-ausland/ukraine-praesident-streitet-mit-general-ueber-die-blutigste-schlacht-des-krieges-83106290.bild.html</ref> Apparently to do damage control, Zelensky quickly released a video statement claiming that it was in fact the general staff (Zaluzhny and [[Syrsky]]) who advised him to defend and reinforce Bakhmut.<ref>https://www.bitchute.com/video/KNTMCWdfONAR/</ref>

As the encirclement closed in an [[AFU]] forces in early March 2023, the Russian forces allowed untrained, conscripted 16-year-olds and elderly men pressed into service by the [[Zelensky regime]] to escape without being killed or captured via the last remaining escape route out of Bakhmut.<ref>https://youtu.be/NmzuuWMsm1k</ref> 10,000 Ukrainian troops were said to be trapped in the cauldron.<ref>[https://youtu.be/zg6HpuW8OYU Russia Claims Bakhmut Cauldron 10k Troops Trapped; West Media Admits Ukraine Losses, Blames Zelensky], Alexander Mercouris, March 6, 2023.</ref>

These are to forces that were decimated in Bakhmut.<ref>https://simplicius76.substack.com/p/sitrep-52023-bakhmut-falls-artemovsk</ref> Most suffered more than 70% casualties against the [[Wagner group]] alone.

Brigades: 45th Brigade; 43rd Brigade; 26th Brigade; 28th Brigade; 62nd Brigade; 63rd Brigade 53rd Brigade; 60th Brigade; 24th Brigade; 57th Brigade; 30th Brigade; Advance Rubizh Brigade; Advance Azov Brigade; Advance Uragan Brigade; Advance Spartan Brigade; 109th Brigade; 116th Brigade; 119th Brigade; 241st Brigade; 93rd Brigade; 77th Brigade; 46th Brigade; 4th Brigade; 17th Brigade; 61st Brigade of Jaegers; Special Forces and Spetsnaz Regiments; 5th Assault Regiment; 8th Regiment of Special Forces.

[[Kraken unit|Kraken Battalions]]: 122nd Battalion; 68th Battalion; 214th OPFOR Battalion; 49th Rifle Battalion; 15th Mountain Assault Battalion; Omega; Border Guard Donetsk.

8th Regiment of the UDAR UAVs: Shershen; Adam; Karlsen; Terra; Madyar; Khartia; Kep; Seneka

WASP Legions: Dudaev Battalion; Georgian Legion; Mansur Battalion; Shamil Battalion; Gonor; Normandy Legion

Ukrainian losses were estimated at 100,000-120,000 with 50,000 killed. Russian casualties were estimated at 20,000.

This is an absolutely enormous commitment (37 brigades, 2 regiments, and 18 separate battalions plus irregular formations like the Georgian Legion) which indicates obviously severe losses.

===Nuclear blackmail===
Volodymyr Zelensky suggested to world leaders at the Munich Summit in February 2022, before the Russian incursion, that Ukraine obtain nuclear weapons.<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/22/ukraine-zelensky-seeks-end-russia-diplomatic-ties-after-hinting-pursuing-nuclear-weapons/</ref> Reports already indicated that the Zelensky regime was building, or had built, a [[dirty bomb]].<ref>http://eu.eot.su/2022/03/06/source-kiev-has-been-developing-a-dirty-bomb-in-the-chernobyl-npp-zone/</ref>

====Shelling Zaporozhye nuclear power plant====
{{See also|Zaporozhye nuclear power plant}}
[[File:Campbell propaganda.PNG|right|500px|thumb|'''Western propaganda and nuclear terrorism.''' Dr. John Campbell, a [[Youtube]]r with 2.4 million followers, deliberately mislocates the location of the Zaporozhye Nuclear Power Plant to his followers showing it outside Russian control.<ref>https://youtu.be/8JKoTpKj9RM?t=96</ref> The red markings show the plant's actual location. Zelensky and Western propagandists claimed the Russians were firing on themselves to create a nuclear hazard.<ref>https://youtu.be/b28sN1tcbgI</ref>]]
Zelensky repeatedly ordered his troops to fire on the Zaporozhye nuclear facility, while publicly blaming Russian forces for creating a nuclear threat, in the hopes of gaining sympathy from the West in the form of money and material and direct NATO or UN peacekeeper intervention.

On March 4, 2022 Zelensky and his officials claimed that Russian tanks were shooting at nuclear units at the Zaporozhye Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) located in the town of Energodar. Zelensky branded it “nuclear terrorism."<ref>https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10575179/Russian-troops-fire-Ukrainian-civilians-protecting-Europes-largest-nuclear-plant.html</ref> He previously claimed the Russian capture of Chernobyl posed an imminent threat to “the whole of Europe.”<ref>https://cdn.substack.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ec679e8-79b3-42dd-a1c3-a31f4c177e97_720x560.jpeg</ref> But that was untrue as well.<ref>https://twitter.com/energybants/status/1496895177499156509</ref>

Zapaorozhye was different, though. Here was the largest nuclear power plant in Europe. “Russian tanks are shooting at the nuclear blocks. These are tanks equipped with thermal imagers, so they know what they are aiming at,” Zelensky said. “Only immediate action by Europe can stop Russian troops. Do not allow the death of Europe from the catastrophe at the nuclear power plant.” ''Korrespondent'', one of Ukraine’s biggest newspapers, reported that, according to Zelensky, he had discussed the situation with Joe Biden, German Chancellor [[Olaf Scholz]] and the head of the European Council, Charles Michel. Ukrainian prime minister Denys Shmyhal also called on NATO to create a no-fly zone and “close the skies” over the facility. “It is a question of security of the whole world.” An unidentified Ukrainian official said radiation levels had risen in the area.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220304025346/https://korrespondent.net/ukraine/4453959-obstrel-zaes-zelenskyi-pryzval-evropu-prosnutsia</ref>

According to the ''Associated Press''<ref>https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-a3092d8e476949ed7c55607a645a9154</ref> and ''Reuters'',<ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/ukraine-nuclear-reactors-being-safely-shut-down-us-energy-official-2022-03-04/</ref><ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/ukraine-crisis-nuclear-plant-radiation/radiation-level-unchanged-at-zaporizhzhia-nuclear-power-plant-ria-idINL2N2V704S</ref> they lied.

Mark Nelson, managing director at Radiant Energy Fund, noted that Zelensky’s claims were deliberately misleading.<ref>https://twitter.com/energybants/status/1499573995657646106</ref> Canadian nuclear arms expert Claire Wählen said the same.<ref>https://twitter.com/Claire_Wahlen/status/1499552935470149652</ref> So dangerous was this lie that the U.S. State Department sent out an urgent message to all American embassies in Europe, instructing them to not share a tweet by the U.S. Embassy in Kiev claiming that Russia was trying to blow up the nuclear power plant.<ref>https://cdn.substack.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F515d16ed-dadb-41ec-a376-2d4c25969552_720x1006.jpeg</ref>

The fact that there was fighting around the facility suggests that the Ukrainian military had deliberately engaged Russian troops from that location. Combat footage appears to show Ukrainian forces firing rockets from the nuclear power facility, which reportedly sparked return fire from Russian troops.<ref>https://twitter.com/ClintEhrlich/status/1499589355513417733</ref> A training center over a mile away from the 6 nuclear reactors were set on fire in the Russian response.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ekWRes-pAD4&t=442s</ref>

On July 12, 2022 the AFU again targeted the Zaporozhye nuclear plant. Russian forces have been in control of the plant, with Ukrainian technicians still operating it, since February 2022. The nuclear plant is the largest in Europe with six reactors. The attack was complex, involving drone and artillery fire. The Ukrainian Army used six kamikaze drones conducting reconnaissance mission over the Zaporozhye nuclear power plant and the city heating and water supply plant in Energodar. The UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) dropped two mines near the power plant, which reportedly did not cause any significant damage. Another drone was heading in the direction of residential buildings in Energodar, its course may have been corrected. The UAV attack was thwarted, none of the six drones reached their targets, and the air defense of the Zaporozhye region successfully prevented the attack. The Ukrainians earlier launched a false flag attack against the plant in March 2022.

On July 18, 2022 Ukraine again attacked the Zaporozhye nuclear power plant, this time with three kamikaze drones.<ref>https://youtu.be/S7lEXNC_O80</ref><ref>https://www.bitchute.com/video/OkuFVXm1V25q/</ref>

Beginning on August 5, 2022 the 44th brigade of the AFU stationed in Nikopol, 18 kilometers across the Dnieper River, increased shelling of the Zaporozhye nuclear plant. Kiev forces used a British-made Brimstone missile in one of the attacks. The situation was compounded by HIMAR attacks on the hydroelectric plant at the Nova Kakhovka dam, which provides electricity for the nuclear plant's vital cooling system. The political motive for shelling a nuclear power is reported to be motivated by upcoming referendums in September 2022 for the former Ukrainian oblasts of Zaporozhye and Kherson to join the Russian Federation. The Kyiv regime is attempting to intimidate the local population. Russia asked the [[Atomic Energy Commission]] to look into the matter.

====Ukrainian dirty nuke====
{{See also|Radiological dispersal device}}
In March 2022 Russia accused Ukraine of gathering nuclear waste from the [[Chernobyl disaster site]] for use in a [[nuclear dirty bomb]].<ref>https://www.india.com/news/world/what-is-nuclear-dirty-bomb-that-russia-claims-ukraine-is-making-in-chernobyl-5271056/</ref>
[[Image:Chornobyl radiation96.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Radiation-affected areas from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant as of 1996]]
On October 19, 2022 UK defense minister Ben Wallace flew to [[Washington, D.C.]] to discuss an important matter face-to-face with unknown persons that could not be handled over NATO's regular electronic secure communications. Neither Washington nor the UK defense ministry issued a press release on the substance of the discussions. On October 21, Russian defense minister Sergey Shoigu had his first phone call with US defense minister [[Lloyd Austin]] since May 2022. According to the Russian Ministry of Defense read out on the call, the two "discussed issues of international security, including the situation in Ukraine."

On October 23, 2022 at 1:30 PM [[Moscow]] time it was reported that Russian defense minister Shoigu conveyed to his [[France|French]] counterpart his concerns about possible provocations by Ukraine with the use of a nuclear dirty bomb. At 2:46 PM local time another update from the Russian Ministery of Defense (MOD) reported that defense minister Shoigu conveyed to his [[Turkish]] counterpart his concerns about a possible provocation with the use of a dirty bomb. At 5 PM local time there was a third conversation between the Russian defense minister and the minister of defense of the [[United Kingdom]] about the possible provocation by Ukraine with a dirty nuclear bomb. At 6:30 PM local time there was a final conversation between Shoigu and the Biden minister defense.

Russian media reported that according to credible sources in various countries - including in Ukraine - the [[Kyiv regime]] is preparing a provocation on its territory related to the detonation of the so-called "[[dirty bomb]]" or low-yield [[nuclear weapon]]. The purpose of the provocation is to accuse Russia of using [[weapons of mass destruction]].<ref>https://seemorerocks.is/what-russian-media-is-saying/</ref> According to the Russian Ministry of Defense, Volodymyr Zelensky has been in contact with the [[UK]] "to obtain nuclear weapons technology," Lieutenant-General Igor Kirillov, Chief of the Radiation, Chemical and Biological Protection Troops of the Russian Armed Forces said on October 23, 2022. Gen. Kirillov alleged that the Ukrainian Armed Forces (AFU) plan on using a [[false flag]] provocation to detonate a "dirty bomb," a nuclear weapon with explosives, such as dynamite, with [[radioactive]] powder or pellets. The provocation was being prepared to subsequently accuse Russia of using weapons of mass destruction. "We have information about the contacts of the office of the President of Ukraine with representatives of [[Great Britain]] regarding the possibility to obtain a [[technology]] to build nuclear weapons,” Gen. Kirillov said.<ref>https://www.republicworld.com/world-news/russia-ukraine-crisis/zelenskyy-contacted-uk-to-obtain-nuclear-technology-claims-russias-defence-ministry-articleshow.html</ref>

====Ukraine missile attack on Poland====
[[File:FT Zelensky.jpg|right|300px|thumb|The globalist mouthpiece ''Financial Times'' of London, which led the world in spreading Russophobia and cheerleading for war, openly criticized Zelensky's lying about Ukraine's false flag attack on a NATO ally to incite direct NATO involvement with troops and risk global thermonuclear war.<ref>https://www.moonofalabama.org/2022/11/ukraine-open-thread-2022-201.html</ref>]]
On November 15, 2022 two Ukrainian [[S-300]] missiles, alleged to have been launched to shoot down a Russian [[cruise missile]], were fired westward and hit a Polish grain storage facility, killing two civilians. The Polish government, Ukrainian government, the ''[[Associated Press]]'',<ref>https://apnews.com/article/nato-ap-news-alert-europe-poland-government-and-politics-ba48101fd25c86e68e57dc56fe2adf80</ref> most of all Western propaganda media and so-called national security and intelligence experts called for invoking NATO Article 5.<ref>https://twitter.com/anders_aslund/status/1592616431291535360</ref> Zelensky advisor [[Mykhailo Podolyak]] declared that the strikes came from Russia. Ukrainian foreign minister Dmytro Kuleba claimed Russian denials were a [[conspiracy theory]] and that “No one should buy Russian propaganda or amplify its messages."<ref>https://twitter.com/DmytroKuleba/status/1592632386751434752?s=20&t=TtnVQsVODlidTZoknWqWpg</ref> Ukrainian dictator Volodymyr Zelensky on a video call to [[G20]] summit leaders meeting in [[Indonesia]] told them that the attack was deliberate by Russia and that the missiles were a “true statement brought by Russia for the G20 summit.”<ref>[https://www.armstrongeconomics.com/international-news/ukraine/zelensky-the-liar-he-will-be-remembered-by-history-like-hitler/ Zelensky the Liar – He Will Be Remembered by History like Hitler], by Martin Armstrong, November 16, 2022.</ref> Zelensky tweeted to the world that the “Russian attack on collective security in the Euro-Atlantic is a significant escalation” of the conflict.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/15/world/kyiv-strikes-russia-zelensky-peace-intl/index.html</ref>

However an AWAC radar plane and other ISR aircraft (intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance) regularly flying in the region, and ground radar, tracked the missiles' trajectory and determined the Kyiv regime had launched the missiles. That did not prevent an anonymous "senior U.S. intelligence official" from reporting to the ''Associated Press'' that Russia had fired the missiles at Poland.<ref>https://responsiblestatecraft.org/2022/11/16/how-a-lightly-sourced-ap-story-almost-set-of-world-war-iii/</ref> The [[fake news]] story was disseminated globally, as all fake news stories emanating from Kyiv, and its CIA counterparts in Kyiv, have been disseminated globally to world media for the entirety of 2022 and late 2021.

When called out on the [[lie]]s, Ukrainian dictator Volodymyr Zelensky doubled down. Both socialist premier Joe Biden and NATO chief warlord Jens Stoltenberg blamed Ukraine for the attack. Zelensky refuted the Western leaders' statements that the missile which killed two innocent civilians in Poland was Ukrainian. "I have no doubt that it was not our missile or our missile strike."<ref>https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/11/16/7376663/</ref> Zelensky insisted that he received reports from the corrupt Armed Forces of Ukraine command that told him "the missile attacks did not come from Ukraine", he told the people in a live nationwide address on Ukrainian state-controlled media.<ref>https://youtu.be/yY4pBNt3hPU</ref> The Russophobic ''Financial Times'' of London quoted a [[diplomat]] from a NATO country in Kyiv saying: “This is getting ridiculous. The Ukrainians are destroying [our] confidence in them. Nobody is blaming Ukraine and they are openly lying. This is more destructive than the missile.”<ref>https://archive.ph/mxQ5K#selection-2029.34-2029.282</ref>

''[[Newsweek]]'' reported Zelensky almost started World War III.<ref>https://www.newsweek.com/volodymyr-zelensky-accused-trying-start-world-war-iii-over-poland-missile-strike-1760125</ref> Former French presidential candidate Nicolas Dupont-Aignan tweeted “By launching a missile at Poland and accusing the Russians, Zelensky almost triggered World War III...Let’s stop supporting this dangerous man...We should urgently make up a peace plan” Former [[Japan]]ese prime minister Yoshiro Mori criticized Zelensky and the media saying, "I don't quite understand why only President Putin is criticized while Mr. Zelenskyy isn't taken to task at all. Mr Zelenskyy has made many Ukrainian people suffer." Mori criticized Japanese news outlets, saying their "one-sided" reporting on the NATO war in Ukraine gives the impression they "only rely on reports from Europe and the United States."<ref>https://japantoday.com/category/politics/ex-japan-pm-harsh-on-zelenskyy-over-war-in-ukraine</ref>

===Interference in US elections===
{{See also|Ukraine aid|FTX scandal}}
[[File:NYT FTX.jpg|right|400px|thumb|Speakers at the ''New York Times'' event, Bankman-Fried, Zelensky, Fink, and Yellen.<ref>https://www.nytco.com/press/the-new-york-times-to-host-annual-dealbook-summit-on-nov-30/</ref>]]
Tens of billions of dollars in American Military Aid to Ukraine, which was allegedly to be used to fight [[Russia]], was cash that [[Ukraine]] did not use to fight Russia, but instead invested into FTX [[cryptocurrency]] exchange. Ukraine was receiving money from the US, Ukraine sent it to FTX, and FTX sent it to Democrats, who originally voted to send it to Ukraine. It appears to be pure [[criminal]] [[money-laundering]], and a criminal [[conspiracy]] to violate [[campaign finance]] laws.

The CEO of FTX, [[Sam Bankman-Fried]], was the #2 donor to the [[Democrats]] in the [[2022 Midterm elections]], second only to [[George Soros]].<ref>https://thepostmillennial.com/revealed-ceo-of-cratering-crypto-firm-ftx-is-dems-second-largest-donor-behind-soros</ref>

FTX's [[bankruptcy]] filing on November 12, 2022 revealed that FTX suffered from $10-$50 billion in [[liability|liabilities]] with almost zero assets.

Among those liabilities are “investments” made by the [[Zelensky regime]].

Up until its bankruptcy filing, FTX was a 'partner' with the [[World Economic Forum]] (WEF).<ref>https://creativedestructionmedia.com/investigations/2022/11/14/world-economic-forum-removes-ftx-promotion-as-a-partner-from-its-website/</ref> The FTX [[CEO]]'s aunt, Linda Fried, is on the board of the WEF.<ref>https://creativedestructionmedia.com/investigations/2022/11/14/ftx-founders-aunt-on-board-of-world-economic-forum-dem-super-pac-leadership/</ref> Sam Bankman-Fried's mother, Barbara Fried, is the founder and president of a [[left-wing]] Super PAC called ‘Mind the Gap’ (MTG), "dedicated to helping Democratic political candidates win [[election]]s. The PAC earns millions of dollars in donations primarily from [[Silicon Valley]] executives 'who are keen on quietly funneling massive political donations into the [[Democratic Party]]'. The mission of MTG is to “empower private political donors to strengthen our democracy by providing them with evidence-based guidance on the electoral strategies, tactics, and programs that are likely to achieve the greatest impact in a given election”, according to Influence Watch.<ref>https://www.influencewatch.org/political-party/mind-the-gap/</ref> Bankman-Fried’s brother, Gabe runs an organization called Guarding Against Pandemics, which is financed by Sam Bankman-Fried.<ref>https://www.influencewatch.org/non-profit/guarding-against-pandemics/</ref>

===Palace intrigues===
{{See also|Zelensky purges}}
[[File:Zelensky Vogue.PNG|right|300px|thumb|Zelensky: A day without 600 dead is a wasted day.<ref>https://www.facebook.com/RTnews/photos/a.10150144237704411/10160908667869411/?type=3</ref>]]
In July 2022 Zelensky's Western [[agent handling|intelligence handler]] [[Boris Johnson]] was ousted as prime minister of [[UK]]. Soon thereafter, Ukrainian-born U.S. congresswoman [[Victoria Spartz]] urged Zelensky to fire his [[chief of staff]] [[Andrei Yermak]] for corruption. Western delivered arms had been disappearing without ever making it to the frontlines,<ref>https://www.bitchute.com/video/oZGOUDGZn1FL/</ref> including Javelin missiles, British NLAWs, and German Panzerfausts. A French built CEASER self-propelled artillery piece was sold to allied Russian forces for $120,000 as were US built HIMARs for $800,000.

Accusations of "[[zrada]]" flew, and Zelensky attempted to fire Gestapo chief Ivan Bakanov, a childhood friend and television comedy producer, and chief procurator Iryna Venediktova. Kyiv news reports had to walk back the firings as mere suspensions, then the parliament acted to remove the pair as scapegoats related to all the corruption charges. In early June 2022, a former deputy of Bakanov was detained in [[Serbia]], as he tried to illegally transfer emeralds, 600 thousand [[euro]]s and 125 thousand dollars across the border. Shortly before the start of the Russian military operation in Ukraine, Bakanov and his friend left Ukraine with $2 billion dollars in cash. In May 2022 Bakanov and his deputy were still buying real estate in Europe.

In addition to the removal of Bakanov and Venediktova, an additional 651 criminal cases were launched. A missile strike at the Officers’ House in Vinnitsa while Ukrainian and foreign military officials held negotiations resulted in a large group of high-ranking officers of the Ukrainian Air Force were destroyed. Apparently, the strike led to casualties among the foreign officers, and Kyiv was forced by its western partners to punish top security officials who were responsible for the [[leak]] of information.

The deputy head of the security service Vasily Malyuk was appointed as the new acting chief of the Security service. Chief of staff Yermak, alleged to be a Russian operative however, survived the firings.<ref>https://spartz.house.gov/media/press-releases/spartz-president-zelensky-must-address-yermak-issue</ref>

In the wake of revelations of attempts to bribe Russian pilots to convince them to defect, which involved bellingcat.com owner Christo Grozev, Zelensky fired first Deputy Secretary of the National Security and Defense Council Ruslan Demchenko and commander of Special Operations Forces (SSO) Hryhoriy Halahan. Danchenko was replaced with Viktor Horenko.

====Hunt for fall guys====
[[File:Poroshenko CNN 2.2m views.PNG|right|300px|thumb|Zelensky had [[CNN]] Nazi darling [[Petro Poroshenko]] arrested while Poroshenko was on his way to a meeting with NATO leaders on May 28, 2022.<ref>https://www.yahoo.com/video/former-ukrainian-president-stopped-polish-085100277.html</ref>]]
Disagreements between Zelensky and the command of the Ukrainian army over the conduct of military operations became apparent. In particular, the military reportedly believed that it was necessary to retreat on several fronts, while Zelensky insisted that no retreats were possible. As a result, the Armed Forces of Ukraine suffered heavy losses in manpower on the front lines. As the situation deteriorated, the hunt for fall guys to blame the loss on ensued.

Suffering heavy losses on the front lines, the Kiev regime attempts to stop the outflow of civilians who can be conscripted into the military. The Ukrainian General Staff declared a ban on leaving their place of residence for men of military age without the permission of the military enlistment office during the period of martial law.

On July 5, 2022 a bill was submitted to parliament clarifying the procedure for the departure of conscripts and reservists from their place of residence within Ukraine.

On February 26, 2023 it was reported that Zelensky fired Major General Eduard Moskalyov, Commander Joint Forces of Ukraine with no reason given.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/zelenskiy-fires-top-ukrainian-military-commander-no-reason-given-2023-02-26/</ref> Moskalyov was said to be the fall guy for Zelensky's disastrous leadership and decision to keep feeding human lives into the [[Bakhmut meatgrinder]] when he knew all was lost.

During the fall of the [[Bakhmut meatgrinder]] where Zelensky sent thousands of untrained 16-year-olds, middle-aged fathers, and old men to die senselessly as cannon fodder, [[Germany]]’s top newspaper ''Bild'' reported that Zelensky had a major disagreement with his top general [[Zaluzhny]] regarding the withdrawal, or lack thereof, of Bakhmut. Gen. Zaluzhny had argued for months to abandon Bakhmut and end the slaughter, however Zelensky did not want to give the appearance to his Western puppet masters that Ukraine was losing ground while he was begging for money before the [[U.S. Congress]].<ref>https://www.bild.de/politik/ausland/politik-ausland/ukraine-praesident-streitet-mit-general-ueber-die-blutigste-schlacht-des-krieges-83106290.bild.html</ref> Apparently to do damage control, Zelensky quickly released a video statement claiming that it was in fact the general staff (Zaluzhny and [[Syrsky]]) who advised him to defend and reinforce Bakhmut.<ref>https://www.bitchute.com/video/KNTMCWdfONAR/</ref>

====The Great Purge====
In mid-January 2023 CIA director [[William Burns]] travelled to Kyiv for a secret meeting with Ukrainian dictator Vladimir Zelensky.<ref>https://archive.is/5Z3qz</ref> Prior to Burns arrival, the SBU and Department of the Interior had already put a bullet in the back of the head of Zelensky’s top negotiator with Russia, Denys Kiryeyev. Shortly after Dir. Burns left Kyiv, on the morning of January 18, 2023 a helicopter crashed in the town of Brovary in the eastern outskirts of Kiev region, killing the entire leadership of the Department of the Interior. According to the State Emergency Service of Ukraine, killed in the crash were Minister of Internal Affairs of Ukraine Denis Monastyrsky; First Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of Ukraine Yevhen Enin; State Secretary of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine Yuriy Lubkovich; Deputy Head of the Patronage Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine Tatiana Shutyak; Head of the Department of Protection of the Department of Internal Security of the National Police of Ukraine, Colonel Mikhail Pavlushko; Lead Inspector of the Department of Communications Nikolay Anatsky; Senior Operative of the Department of Internal Security of the Police of Ukraine Andriy Marinchenko; helicopter commander Alexander Vasilenko; pilot Konstantin Kovalenko; and on-board mechanic Ivan Kasyanov.<ref>https://www.tellerreport.com/news/2023-01-18-the-ministry-of-internal-affairs-of-ukraine-published-a-list-of-employees-of-the-ministry-who-died-in-a-helicopter-crash.HkeiifFBso.html</ref> The helicopter was a French built Eurocopter EC225 LP Super Puma or its equivalent. Witnesses said that the helicopter was spinning and burning in the air before crashing into a kindergarten.<ref>https://twitter.com/JohnEdgarCarter/status/1616088161771261953</ref>

According to Hacker DPR Joker:
[[File:Budanov.PNG|right|300px|thumb|Kyrylo Budanov.<ref>https://kurtnimmo.substack.com/p/ukraines-intelligence-boss-predicts</ref>]]
{{quotebox-float|"The Minister of Internal Affairs of Ukraine had long been aware that the leadership of the Ministry of Defense was trading Western arms, which came to Ukraine in the form of aid, for the benefit of third countries, and that this process was overseen directly by the head of the GUR, [[Budanov]]. By the way, this information has already surfaced somewhere.

The leadership of the Interior Ministry wanted their share and began collecting data through their structural units, which are associated with intelligence and surveillance. As a result, they managed to obtain evidence and began blackmailing. The military bosses promised a share to the police leadership, and the first tranche was paid. But it was pointless and unprofitable to pay any further.

In addition, the insolence of the minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, who had his head in the wrong place, was putting the military leadership under strain. And now the day had come when the kids from the GUR were able to demonstrate their skills. But that is not all. The sanction for this was given personally by [[Yermak]], who is also in on the secret from the supreme narcissistic clown, Zelensky.<ref>https://sonar21.com/are-the-ukrainian-political-elite-starting-to-eat-each-other/</ref>}}
On January 24, 2023 the Kyiv regime confirmed the removal of some dozen high ranking officials in cases ranging from [[bribery]], to mismanagement of aid funds for purchasing [[food]], to [[embezzlement]], to spending aid money on expensive cars. Another top presidential adviser and four deputy ministers – including two defense officials, along with five regional governors were forced out of their posts. And among the regional governors to step down included officials overseeing regions which have seen intense fighting, including the [[Zaporozhye]] and [[Kherson]] regions. Among those removed were:
*Deputy Prosecutor General Oleskiy Symonenko
*Deputy Minister for Development of Communities and Territories Ivan Lukeryu
*Deputy Minister for Development of Communities and Territories Vyacheslav Negoda
*Deputy Minister for Social Policy Vitaliy Muzychenk
*The regional governors of Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhzhia, Kyiv, Sumy and Kherson.

And separately, “the defense ministry had earlier announced the resignation of deputy minister Vyacheslav Shapovalov, who was in charge of the army’s logistical support, on the heels of accusations it was signing food contracts at inflated prices.” He purchased military rations at inflated prices in what appears a scheme to line the pockets of contractors, and potentially involving kickbacks to himself. ''[[Politico]]'' reported:
{{quotebox-float|"An exposé from the Ukrainian news website ZN.UA revealed last week that the defense ministry purchased overpriced food supplies for its troops. For instance, the ministry bought eggs at 17 hryvnias per piece, while the average price of an egg in Kyiv is around 7 hryvnias. According to ZN.UA, a contract for food procurement for soldiers in 2023 amounted to 13.16 billion hryvnias (€328 million).}}
This was two to three times higher than current rates for such food items.
[[File:Yahoo 8-16-22.jpg|right|300px|thumb|]]
The deputy head of the Zelensky administration Kyrylo Tymoshenko, who stands accused of living a lavish wartime lifestyle. Many [[mainstream media]] reports buried some of the key verified details. For example, [[BBC]] wrote simply that “Tymoshenko was implicated in several scandals during his tenure, including in October last year when he was accused of using a car donated to Ukraine for humanitarian purposes.”

But starting in early December local Ukrainian outlets, angered at the posh lifestyle of Ukrainian leaders at a moment tens of millions are without electrical power, began confirming that Tymoshenko drove high-end sports cars in and out of the capital, to and from mansions which typically range in cost from $10,000 to $25,000 per month.

The controversy extended to luxury vacations abroad as Ukrainians suffer the deprivations of war at home. “The departure of Symonenko, a deputy prosecutor general, comes after media reports that he spent a holiday in Spain this winter, reportedly using a car belonging to a Ukrainian businessman.”

Just prior to the wave of resignations, another official named Vasyl Lozynskiy was accused of receiving bribes to “facilitate” the purchase of generators at greatly hiked-up prices. Crucially, Lozynskiy as Deputy Minister of Infrastructure and Communities Development would have also been directly involved in overseeing how billions of dollars in Western humanitarian and infrastructure assistance gets doled out. Ukraine’s Defense Minister Oleksii Reznikov is under scrutiny related to the growing probe and scandal.

On February 1, 2023 it was reported that Zelensky had turned on his old friend and benefactor [[Igor Kolomoisky]]. Kolomoisky's home was raided by the Ukrainian gestapo allegedly in connection with the embezzlement of oil products worth $1.09 billion and customs duty evasion "of astronomical amounts."<ref>https://dossier.substack.com/p/zelenskys-great-purge-continues-launching</ref>

[[Seymour Hersh]], citing sources in American intelligence, claims that Zelensky and his entourage allegedly embezzled at least $400 million from the funds that were transferred to Kyiv by the Americans for the purchase of [[diesel]]. "Zelensky bought diesel fuel from the Russians at a discount," Hersh said. He also claims that CIA director William Burns brought to Kyiv a list of 35 names of Ukrainian security officials and officials allegedly involved in corruption and theft of Western aid. After that, 10 people from this list were fired, the remaining 25 remained. "The ten that got rid of were blatantly showing off the money they had as they drove around Kiev in their new Mercedes," Hersh said, quoting an intelligence official.<ref>https://askeptic.substack.com/p/battlefield-update-2023-04-12-1</ref>

===Propaganda war===
[[File:Zelensky fake news.jpeg|right|350px|thumb|Zelensky in combat: These photos were taken a year before the Russian incursion and used as propaganda to claim Zelensky was commanding troops on the frontline. In fact, the Nazis that Zelensky was visiting laughed at him, causing him to eventually take a harder line against Russia. Zelensky was reported to have left the border area in tears after being ridiculed by the Nazis.
<ref>https://contra.substack.com/p/world-war-reddit?s=r</ref>]]
{{See also|Ukrainian propaganda war}}
Photos circulated by [[mainstream media]] in [[the West]] of Zelensky in fatigues and helmet alleging he was on the front lines in combat during Russia's Special Military Operation in fact were taken a year earlier during an inspection of the border.

On November 18, 2022 it was reported that Zelensky blocked and shut down the popular opposition news website Strana.ua after it posted videos showing Ukrainian troops executing unarmed Russian prisoners of war.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russias-defence-ministry-says-ukraine-executed-russian-pows-2022-11-18/</ref><ref>https://tass.com/society/1539031?ysclid=laockgpyya491087733</ref><ref>https://t.me/ghostnewsx/2728</ref>

====Alleged bombing of Babi Yar====

On March 1, 2022 Zelensky claimed that Russians had bombed [[Babi Yar]], a ravine in Kyiv that was also the site of massacres committed by Nazi forces and Ukrainian collaborators during [[World War II]].<ref>https://twitter.com/ZelenskyyUa/status/1498697538085568514</ref> Some 33,771 [[Jewish]] civilians were murdered by the Nazis and their Ukrainian collaborators from Kyiv there. Zelensky’s chief of staff reportedly confirmed that the Russians bombed the site.<ref>https://twitter.com/LahavHarkov/status/1498686224462188549</ref> Zelensky's tweet has more than 300,000 likes and over 75,000 retweets.

On March 2, Israeli journalist Ron Ben Yisha reported after touring the site that the memorial had not been destroyed or damaged, as Zelensky and his officials claimed. Translated from the Israeli news website ynet:
{{quotebox-float|"The memorial site in Babi Yar was neither destroyed nor damaged. After touring all over the large site I can report with certainty that no monument was damaged and no bomb, missile or shell hit the grounds. The closest impact to Babi Yar was in the Kiev media and television tower complex, about 300 meters from the new monument, and about a kilometer from the old monument </ref>to the victims of the WWII massacre."<ref>https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/sky0frhg5</ref>}}
Zelensky and his officials lied to the world. Worse, their lie suggested that all those who chose inaction were essentially collaborators in the next [[holocaust]].

====Speech to United States Congress====
[[File:Zelensky betrayed 36th Navy Brigade.PNG|right|300px|thumb|Zelensky's betrayal of the 36th Navy Brigade.<ref>https://archive.ph/hNe4Q</ref>]]
According to Dan Cohen, the Washington DC correspondent for ''Behind The Headlines'', on March 16, 2922, Zelensky made a speech to the [[U.S. Congress]] quoting [[Martin Luther King Jr.]]'s 'I Have a Dream'<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/zelenskyy-addresses-congress-mlk-dream-need</ref> speech calling for a no-fly zone over Ukraine and World War III.<ref>https://nypost.com/2022/03/06/us-warns-no-fly-zone-in-ukraine-could-set-off-world-war-iii/</ref> The speech was written by Daniel Vajdich
and Andrew Mac. Vajdich is a [[FARA|registered foreign agent]] for the Ukrainian Federation of Employers of the Oil and Gas Industry and a nonresident senior fellow at the [[Russophobic]] [[Atlantic Council]].<ref>https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/expert/daniel-vajdich/</ref> Andrew Mac registered as a lobbyist for the Ukrainian dictator in 2019 and runs the Washington DC office of Ukrainian law firm Asters Law.<ref>https://www.politico.com/newsletters/politico-influence/2022/02/28/what-ukraines-lobbyists-have-been-up-to-00012522</ref>

Ukrainian Permanent Representative at the United Nations Sergiy Kyslytsya’s February 23, 2022 speech to the [[United Nations General Assembly]] (UNGA) was written by the managing director of the DC lobbying firm SKDKnickerbocker (SKDK), Stephen Krupin,<ref>https://www.odwyerpr.com/story/public/17581/2022-03-02/skdk-supplies-speech-writing-support-ukraine.html</ref> a former senior speechwriter for [[Barack Obama]] who worked extensively on the [[2020 Biden campaign]].<ref>https://www.skdknick.com/skdk-work-for-biden-for-america-and-the-naacp-honored-with-six-pollies/</ref> Biden senior advisor [[Anita Dunn]] is a co-founder of SKDKnickerbocker.<ref>https://theintercept.com/2021/05/04/anita-dunn-ethics-disclosure-biden-skdk/</ref>

On December 21, 2022 Zelensky was flown to [[Washington, D.C.]] onboard [[Airforce One]] by the Biden regime for a personal address to the [[lame duck]] Congress just prior to a vote on an unprecedented $1.7 trillion omnibus spending bill that included another $45 billion for the Kyiv puppet regime. Zelensky was presented an American flag in a display case usually reserved for flags that have draped caskets.

====Azovstal====
{{See also|Battle of Mariupol}}
Like Chancellor [[Adolf Hitler]] of Germany during the besieged [[Battle of Stalingrad]], President Zelensky refused to allow the neo-Nazi forces of the [[Azov Battalion]] in [[Mariupol]] to surrender and ordered them to fight to the last man.<ref>https://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/zelensky-defies-russian-demands-surrender-putin-ukraine-war-mariupol-b989416.html</ref><ref>"
{{quotebox-float|April 10 at 11:06 PM · Mariupol, Ukraine ·
Dear Ukrainian people.
We are the 36th Navy Brigade named after the counter-admiral Mikhail Bilinsky, left Crimea without betraying the oaths of 2014 and continued to perform the duty of defense of Ukraine.
From the beginning of the exit we have been defending Mariupol for 47 days. We were bombed from airplanes, we were shot from artillery, tanks and other firematerials. We kept the defense worthy by doing the impossible. But any resources have a potential to run out.
During the combat, we were once handed 50 122 guns, 20 min a little enlavs and starlink Elon Musk - spybo Elon, he had a lot of air strikes and still works. We have not been handed over any more. Without the possibility of defending themselves, the opponent gradually pushed us to the Azovmash plant, surrounded the fire and now is trying to destroy us. There was an option to bring us reserves to strengthen and boost the defense. There were options for the brigade to make a breakthrough and join their troops. We reported this to OTU East and they started planning the operation. Sodol, Delatitsky tried to do something, but their senior headquarters were closed. We reported about it in the OOS they said hold on we are working, promised a helicopter that never flew. We talked to the [[commander in chief]] who promised to unblock. We talked with a Garantee who guaranteed us either a political or military solution of the situation. For more than a month, the Marines fought without refilling ammunition, without food, without water, almost a lacquer from the puddle and died in packs. The mountain of wounded makes up almost half of the crew. Those who have unbroken limbs and can walk, return in order. Infantry all died and gunfighters are led by gunmen, zenitich, contacts of the driver and the police. Even an orchestra. Dying but fighting. Gradually we are coming to an end. Wise generals advise taking ammunition from your enemy. Probably not extinct these Sava parquettes, so many people will die for them in vain. There were chances. There were opportunities, but due to the silliness, they were not implemented. No one wants to communicate with us anymore because we are written off. Today will probably be an extreme fight since there is no BC left. Next up into the palm of the hand. Further is death for some, but captivity for some.
Dear Ukrainian people.
I don't know what's next, but I really ask you to remember the Marines with a kind word and no matter how they develop further, do not talk badly about the Marines.
They did everything possible and impossible.
For we are FAITHFUL FOREVER!}}
11.04.2022…[https://www.facebook.com/36obrmp/photos/a.129759847561437/1153205118550233 36 окрема бригада морської піхоти імені контр-адмірала Михайла Білинського is at Маріуполь.]</ref> Stalingrad, like Mariupol, was a hopeless cause early on, yet the order to continue fighting only bought time for Nazi forces to carry out atrocities against civilians whom they considered "[[Russophobia|Untermensch]]".<ref>https://mronline.org/2022/04/07/staged-massacre-in-bucha/</ref> On April 20, 2022, a date which has been commemorated by Nazi groups as Hitler's birthday, reports emerged that
[[File:Zelensky totenkopf.png|right|300px|thumb|On Victory Day 2022, Zelensky commemorated the victory over Nazism by uploading an image of a Ukrainian soldier wearing insignia of the Waffen SS Totenkopf Division responsible for numerous horrendous mass murders and war crimes.<ref>https://thepressunited.com/updates/ukraines-zelensky-shares-image-of-soldier-with-nazi-insignia/</ref>]]
{{quotebox-float|"According to the content of the radio intercepts, the commanders of the armed formations remaining at Azovstal, realizing the hopelessness of their situation, are ready to lay down their arms, but only on the appropriate order (command) from Kyiv. Without receiving such an order, the commanders of the Ukrainian armed formations cannot make a decision on their own, since a military tribunal with a sentence, up to and including execution, awaits them for these actions in Ukraine.”<ref>https://www.veteranstoday.com/2022/04/20/sitrep-operation-z-april-20-2022/</ref>}}
According to testimony, the command of the 36th Brigade gave an order to fire on both military and civilians, which members refused. Zelensky ignored the pleas of the 36th Naval Brigade holed up in the Azovmash factory next door to Azovstal. The Brigade surrendered to the Russian and [[DNR]] forces.

====Zelensky celebrates Nazism on Victory Day====

Zelensky marked World War II [[Victory Day]] [[Moscow]] celebrations in 2022 by sharing an image of a Ukrainian soldier wearing the ‘death’s head’ patch of the notorious Nazi Waffen SS Totenkopf division. While the picture was soon deleted from his social media, the Ministry of Defense in Kyiv also posted the same photo.

The offending item was placed on Instagram and Telegram by Zelensky, on Victory Day, May 9, 2022. In it, a soldier next to an artillery gun wears the ‘death’s head,’ or “totenkopf” insignia of the 3rd SS Panzer Division, a unit of SS soldiers infamous for committing numerous [[war crimes]] and massacres of French civilians and Polish Jews. The Division also murdered 100 British citizens in France.<ref>https://www.bitchute.com/video/2mZbwarX3lds/</ref> Advocacy groups consider the death’s head logo a “hate symbol” used by “Neo-Nazis and other white supremacists.”<ref>https://www.adl.org/education/references/hate-symbols/totenkopf</ref>

===Collusion with Biden and Democrats===
{{See also|Ukrainian collusion|Biden family corruption}}
====Biden-Burisma scandal====

On September 4, 2019 former Prosecutor General [[Victor Shokin]] made a sworn affidavit outlining [[Joe Biden]]'s shakedown of the Ukrainian government to kill the criminal investigation into Hunter Biden.<ref>https://www.scribd.com/document/427618359/Shokin-Statement</ref> Democrat Sen. [[Chris Murphy]], while travelling to the Ukraine, delivered a ''[[quid pro quo]]'' message to Zelensky:<ref>https://pjmedia.com/instapundit/343049/</ref> if the Zelensky government co-operated with [[Trump administration]] [[Attorney General]] [[Bill Barr]] and the [[U.S Justice Department]] investigating DNC/Ukrainian collision and interference in the [[2016 presidential election]], Congressional Democrats would withhold funding aid.<ref>https://thehill.com/opinion/campaign/462658-lets-get-real-democrats-were-first-to-enlist-ukraine-in-us-elections</ref>

====Trump sham impeachment====
{{See also|Deep State coup 2.0}}

President Trump phoned Volodymyr Zelensky to congratulate him on his electoral win. Three days before the call, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' published an article entitle, ''As vice president Biden said Ukraine should increase gas production. Then his son got a job with a Ukrainian gas company.''<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/the-media/2020/01/30/washington-post-wrote-about-hunter-biden-burisma-3-days-before-ukraine-call/</ref> Trump mentions "a lot of people are talking about it" and "a lot of people want to know". The conversation took place the day after [[Robert Mueller]] cleared President Trump of any wrongdoing before Congress. The Poroshenko regime installed by the [[Obama administration]] in [[Maidan coup]] was defeated in [[parliamentary]] elections four days earlier. The transcript of the phone call reads:
[[File:Trump-convo-with-zelenskyy.jpg |right|300px |thumb |Ukrainian CrowdStrike, not Russia, interfered in the [[2016 U.S. Presidential election]].]]
[[File:Podesta-Emails-600x400.jpg|right|300px|thumb|[[Hillary Clinton|Clinton]] campaign manager [[John Podesta]] was notified by [[Google]] that his emails were hacked, not by Russia, but by Ukraine during the 2016 presidential election.<ref>https://wikileaks.org/podesta-emails/emailid/34899</ref>]]
[[File:Surkov-leaks-with-Crowdstrike-390x400.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Although this profile says the state of Virginia, tweets are from the Sofia, Bulgaria time zone and he writes in Russian. Another curiosity considering the Fancy Bear source code is in Russian. This image shows Crowdstrike in their network. Crowdstrike is part of Ukrainian nationalist hacker network. In the image it shows a network diagram of Crowdstrike following the Surkov leaks. The network communication goes through a secondary source.]]
{{quotebox-float|'''The President:''' I would like you to do us a favor though because our country has been through a lot and Ukraine knows a lot about it. I would like you to find out what happened with this whole situation with Ukraine, they say [[Crowdstrike]]… I guess you have one of your wealthy people… The server, they say Ukraine has it. There are a lot of things that went on, the whole situation. I think you’re surrounding yourself with some of the same people. I would like to have the Attorney General call you or your people and I would like you to get to the bottom of it. As you saw yesterday, that whole nonsense ended with a very poor performance by a man named [[Robert Mueller]], an incompetent performance, but they say a lot of it started with Ukraine. Whatever you can do, it’s very important that you do it if that’s possible. 
'''President Zelenskyy:''' Yes it is very important for me and everything that you just mentioned earlier. For me as a President, it is very important and we are open for any future cooperation. We are ready to open a new page on cooperation in relations between the United States and Ukraine. For that purpose, I just recalled our ambassador from United States and he will be replaced by a very competent and very experienced ambassador who will work hard on making sure that our two nations are getting closer. I would also like and hope to see him having your trust and your confidence and have personal relations with you so we can cooperate even more so. I will personally tell you that one of my assistants spoke with Mr. Giuliani just recently and we are hoping very much that [[Rudy Giuliani|Mr. Giuliani]] will be able to travel to Ukraine and we will meet once he comes to Ukraine. I just wanted to assure you once again that you have nobody but friends around us. I will make sure that I surround myself with the best and most experienced people. I also wanted to tell you that we are friends. We are great friends and you Mr. President have friends in our country so we can continue our strategic partnership. I also plan to surround myself with great people and in addition to that investigation, I guarantee as the President of Ukraine that all the investigations will be done openly and candidly. That I can assure you. 
'''The President:''' Good because I heard you had a prosecutor who was very good and he was shut down and that’s really unfair. A lot of people are talking about that, the way they shut your very good prosecutor down and you had some very bad people involved. Mr. Giuliani is a highly respected man. He was the mayor of New York City, a great mayor, and I would like him to call you. I will ask him to call you along with the Attorney General. Rudy very much knows what's happening and he is a very capable guy. If you could speak to him that would be great. The former ambassador from the United States, the woman, was bad news and the people she was dealing with in the Ukraine were bad news so I just want to let you know that. The other thing, There's a lot of talk about Biden's son, that [[Biden]] stopped the prosecution and a lot of people want to find out about that so whatever you can do with the Attorney General would be great. Biden went around bragging that she stopped the prosecution so if you can look into it... It sounds horrible to me. 
'''President Zelenskyy:''' I wanted to tell you about the prosecutor. First of all I understand and I'm knowledgeable about the situation. Since we have won the absolute majority in our Parliament, the next prosecutor general will be 100% my person, my candidate, who will be approved by the parliament and will start as a new prosecutor in September. He or she will look into the situation, specifically to the company that you mentioned in this issue. The issue of the investigation of the case is actually the issue of making sure to restore the honesty so we will take care of that and will work on the investigation of the case. On top of that, I would kindly ask you if you have any additional information that you can provide to us, it would be very helpful for the investigation to make sure that we administer justice in our country with regard to the Ambassador to the United States from Ukraine as far I as I recall her name was Ivanovich. It was great that you were the first one who told me that she was a bad ambassador because I agree with you 100%. Her attitude towards me was far from the best as she admired the previous President and she was on his side. She would not accept me as a new President well enough. 
'''The President:''' Well, she's going to go through some things. I will have Mr. Giuliani to give you a call and I am also going to have [[William Barr|Attorney General Barr]] call and we will get to the bottom of it. I'm sure you will figure it out. I heard the prosecutor was treated very badly and he was a very fair prosecutor so good luck with everything.}}
[[Alexander Vindman]] is a Ukrainian nationalist born in Soviet Ukraine who immigrated to the United States as a child. Vindman harbors rabid anti-Russian and fanatical pro-Ukrainian sentiments. Vindman prepared the public readout of President Trump's congratulatory phone President-elect Zelensky.<ref>https://publicpool.kinja.com/subject-in-town-pool-report-4-1834208078</ref> The public readout differed from the actual transcript and served as the basis for the [[Impeachment sham|Trump impeachment inquiry]]. According to Lt. Col. Jim Hickman who served on a combined US-Russian exercise with Vindman,<ref>https://twitter.com/Jim_Hickman13/status/1190077852680634368?s=20</ref>
{{quotebox-float|I verbally reprimanded him for his actions, & I’ll leave it at that, so as not to be unprofessional myself. The bottom-line is LTC Vindman was a [[partisan]] [[Democrat]] at least as far back as 2012. So much so, junior officers & soldiers felt uncomfortable around him. This is not your professional, field-grade officer, who has the character & integrity to do the right thing. Do not let the uniform fool you…he is a political [[activist]] in uniform. I pray our nation will drop this [[hate]], vitriol & division, & unite as our founding fathers intended!<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2019/11/revealing-military-official-who-worked-with-top-schiff-witness-alex-vindman-reprimanded-him-for-inappropriate-and-partisan-behavior-in-military/</ref>}}
Vindman gave sworn testimony to the [[House Intelligence Committee]] that he gave orders countermanding the [[Commander-in-Chief]], President Donald Trump.<ref>https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2019/10/31/how-the-army-officer-who-testified-against-trump-could-end-up-in-a-court-martial/</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVvd5MlRYxQ&feature=youtu.be</ref> Vindman feared that President Trump was not doing enough to confront [[Vladimir Putin]] over the [[Crimean Annexation]]. A secret memorandum alleging President Trump acted improperly on the phone call with Zelensky was prepared by Vindman and handed off to [[Eric Ciaramella]], who then gave it to [[Trump-Russia hoax]]er [[Adam Schiff]], prompting the [[sham impeachment]] of President Donald Trump.

===Foreign policy===
[[File:Globalist fascism.PNG|right|400px|thumb|Macron speaking at globalist conference with open display of a [[swastika]].<ref>https://www.bitchute.com/video/tslwm7ajUxbK/</ref>]]
On February 8, 2022 French President [[Emmanuel Macron]] announced at a joint press conference in Kiev that Zelensky was ready to implement the [[Minsk Agreements]],<ref>https://scooptrade.com/macron-announced-zelenskys-readiness-to-implement-the-minsk-agreements-on-donbass/</ref> promising that everything will go according to the wishes of the international community. On the next day: "The official Kiev has declared this evening that it was not willing to fulfill the Minsk agreements, and lead to direct negotiations with the Donbass. This happened only twenty-four hours after the joint press conference, Macron and Zelensky, when it was claimed that Ukraine would start with the implementation of the agreements. Of which the decision on war and peace directly depended.“<ref>https://www.tellerreport.com/news/2022-02-23-ambassador-antonov--washington-encouraged-kiev-not-to-comply-with-the-minsk-agreements.H1GTFmQ7ec.html</ref>

Addressing the 2022 World Economic Forum (WED), Zelensky said,
{{quotebox-float|"Although there is a rather good and long history between Ukraine and China, I would like to have an advantage in these relations compared to Russia."<ref>https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3491830-zelensky-ukraine-is-fine-with-chinas-position-on-war-with-russia.html</ref>}}

[[Hungarian]] Parliament Speaker Laszlo Kover said of Zelensky's personal conduct in diplomacy: “I can’t recall when a leader of a country in need of help would dare to speak out against anyone in a fashion like President Zelensky did, not only against Hungary, but even against the German Chancellor...One should threaten enemies, not those you want to make your friends…There is some kind of personal mental problem, and I don’t know what can be done about it."<ref>https://serbia.postsen.com/world/8310/You-know-a-donkey-</ref>

In early June 2022 the weekly news magazine ''[[Der Spiegel]]'' reported that Germany does not trust Zelensky: “The fear that German weaponry could be sent into Russia highlights a certain distrust in Berlin of Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky…And that, too, is a reason why the defense industry in Germany has not been authorized to deliver battle tanks”<ref>https://thepressunited.com/updates/germany-doesnt-trust-zelensky-der-spiegel/</ref>

==Criticism==

[[Swiss]] MP and former editor-in-chief of the ''Tribune de Genève'', Guy Mettan, painted a portrait of the acrobat who plays the role of president of Ukraine.<ref>https://www.voltairenet.org/article217403.html</ref> He shows how this public entertainer became an ally of the [[Banderist]]s and set up a dictatorship for them. Western media and leaders no longer know what superlatives to use to sing the praises of the Ukrainian president, so fascinated are they by the “amazing resilience” of the comedian miraculously transformed into a “warlord” and “saviour of democracy”.

Since 24 February, 2022vVolodymyr Zelensky has unquestionably proved himself to be an exceptionally talented artist in international politics. Those who had followed his career as a comedian were not surprised because they knew his innate sense of improvisation, his mimetic abilities and his audacity in acting. The way he campaigned and defeated tough opponents like former president Poroshenko in a few weeks between 31 December 2018 and 21 April 2019, mobilizing his production team and generous oligarch donors, had already proved the extent of his talents.

He was elected with a score of 73.2% of the votes, promising to put an end to corruption, to lead Ukraine on the path of progress and civilization, and above all to make peace with the Russian-speaking Donbass. As soon as he was elected, he betrayed all his promises with such untimely zeal that his popularity rating fell to 23% in January 2022, to the point of being outdistanced by his two main opponents.

From May 2019, to satisfy his oligarch sponsors, the newly elected president is launching a massive land privatisation programme covering 40 million hectares of good agricultural land under the pretext that the moratorium on land sales would have cost the country’s GDP billions of dollars. In the wake of the “de-communization“ and “de-Russification“ programs begun since the pro-US coup of February 2014, he is launching a vast operation of privatization of state assets, fiscal austerity, deregulation of labor laws and dismantling of trade unions, angering a majority of Ukrainians who had not understood what their candidate meant by “progress”, “westernization” and “normalization“ of the Ukrainian economy. In a country that, in 2020, had a per capita income of 3,726 dollars against 10,126 dollars for the Russian opponent, while in 1991 the average income of Ukraine exceeded that of Russia, the comparison is not flattering.

As for the march towards civilization, it will take the form of another decree which, on 19 May 2021, ensures the domination of the Ukrainian language and bans Russian from all spheres of public life, administrations, schools and businesses, much to the satisfaction of the nationalists and the astonishment of the Russian-speaking people in the south-east of the country.
[[File:Zelensky Kolomoisky.PNG|left|300px|thumb|Ukrainian dictator [[Vladimir Zelensky]] (center) meets with Kolomoisky, September 10, 2019.<ref>https://covertactionmagazine.com/2022/07/20/how-corrupt-is-ukrainian-president-volodymyr-zelensky/</ref>]]
Zelensky’s main sponsor, Ihor Kolomoïsky, who lives in Geneva where he has luxurious offices overlooking the harbour, is not the least of these oligarchs who profit from the prevailing corruption: on 5 March 2021, [[Anthony Blinken]], who probably had no choice, announced that the State Department had frozen his assets and banned him from the United States because of “involvement in significant corruption“. It is true that Kolomoysky was accused of embezzling $5.5 billion from the state-owned Privatbank. Coincidentally, the good Ihor was also the main shareholder of the oil holding company Burisma, which employed Joe Biden’s son Hunter for a modest compensation of $50,000 a month and which is now under investigation by the Delaware prosecutor.

This is the same Kolomoïsky, who was a key figure in Ukraine’s progress, and who made Zelensky’s entire career as an actor and who is implicated in the Pandora Papers affair revealed by the press in October 2021. These papers revealed that since 2012, the TV channel 1+1 belonging to the sulphurous oligarch had paid no less than 40 million dollars to its star Zelensky and that the latter, shortly before being elected president and with the help of his close guard of Kryvyi Rih – the two Shefir brothers, one of whom is the author of Zelensky’s scripts and the other the head of the State Security Service, and the producer and owner of their joint production company Kvartal 95 – had prudently transferred considerable sums to offshore accounts opened in his wife’s name, while acquiring three undeclared flats in London for the sum of $7.5 million.

For the rapprochement of the flamboyant Volodymyr with the most extreme representatives of the Ukrainian nationalist right is not the least of Zelensky’s oddities. This complicity was immediately denied with the greatest virulence by the Western press, which judged it scandalous because of the president’s suddenly rediscovered Jewish origins. How could a Jewish president sympathize with neo-Nazis, who are presented as a tiny minority of outsiders? One should not give credit to Vladimir Putin’s “denazification” operation… What they fail to acknowledge is that left-wing Jews such as [[George Soros]] sometimes admit that they do not care for Jewish interests. Since the time of Moses, the worst enemies of the Jews came from within, not from without.

In July 2022 Zelensky added American journalist [[Glenn Greenwald]] to his enemies list.

===Neo-Nazi groups===
One has to go back to October 2019 to understand the nature of the relationship between Zelensky and the far right. And you have to understand that these far-right formations, even if they only weigh 2% of the electorate, still represent nearly a million highly motivated and well-organized people who are spread across numerous groupings and movements, of which the Azov regiment (co-founded and financed as early as 2014 by Kolomoysky, still him!) is only the best known. To it must be added the organizations Aïdar, Dnipro, Safari, [[Svoboda]], Pravy Sektor, [[C14]] and National Corps to be complete.

C14, named after the number of words in the American neo-Nazi David Lane’s phrase (“We must secure the existence of our people and a future for white children”), is one of the least known abroad but most feared for its racist violence in Ukraine. All of these groups were more or less merged into the Ukrainian army and national guard at the initiative of their leader, former interior minister [[Arsen Avakov]], who ruled the Ukrainian security apparatus unchallenged from 2014 to 2021. They are the ones Zelensky calls “veterans” since autumn 2019.

A few months after his election, the young president went to Donbass to try to fulfil his election promise and enforce the [[Minsk agreements]] signed by his predecessor. The far-right forces, who have been shelling the cities of Donetsk and Lugansk since 2014 at the cost of ten thousand deaths, welcome him with the greatest circumspection because they are suspicious of this “pacifist” president. They are waging a merciless campaign against peace under the slogan “No surrender”. In one video, a pale Zelensky pleads with them: “I am the president of this country. I am 41 years old. I am not a loser. I’m coming to you and saying: take the guns out.” The video was released on social networks and Zelensky immediately became the target of a hate campaign. This will be the end of his desire for peace and the implementation of the Minsk agreements. Shortly after this incident, a minor withdrawal of the extremist forces took place, and then the bombing resumed in earnest.

The problem is that not only has Zelensky given in to their blackmail but he is joining them in their nationalist crusade. After his failed expedition in November 2019, he receives several far-right leaders, including Yehven Taras, the leader of C14, while his prime minister stands by Andryi Medvedko, a neo-Nazi figure suspected of murder. He also supports the footballer Zolzulya against Spanish fans who accuse him of being a Nazi because of his proclaimed support for [[Stepan Bandera]], the nationalist leader who collaborated with Nazi Germany during the war (and with the [[CIA]] after the war) and participated in the Jewish Holocaust.

Collaboration with nationalist radicals is well established. In November 2021, Zelensky appointed the ultra-nationalist Pravy Sektor [[Dmytro Yarosh]] as special adviser to the commander-in-chief of the Ukrainian army and, since February 2022, as head of the [[Territorial Defense|Volunteer Army]], which is waging terror in the rear. At the same time, he appointed Oleksander Poklad, nicknamed “the strangler” because of his taste for torture, as head of the SBU’s counter-intelligence unit. In December, two months before the war, it was the turn of another Pravy Sektor leader, Commander Dmytro Kotsuybaylo, to be rewarded with the title of “Hero of Ukraine” while, a week after the start of hostilities, Zelensky had the regional governor of Odessa replaced by Maksym Marchenko, commander of the ultranationalist Aïdar battalion, the very same one with whom [[Bernard-Henri Lévy]] would make a point of marching.

Desire to appease the far right by giving them positions? Shared ultra-patriotism? Or a simple convergence of interests between a neo-liberal, Atlanticist, pro-Western right and a nationalist far right that dreams of smashing Russians and “leading the white races of the world in a final crusade against the Untermenschen guided by the Semites”, in the words of former deputy [[Andriy Biletsky]], leader of the National Corps? It is not clear, as no journalist has ventured to ask Zelensky this question.

What is not in doubt, however, is the increasingly [[authoritarian]], even [[criminal]], drift of the Ukrainian regime. So much so that its zealots should think twice before nominating their idol for the Nobel Peace Prize. While the media look the other way, a real campaign of intimidation, kidnappings and executions is underway against local and national elected officials suspected of being Russian agents or of connivance with the enemy because they want to avoid an escalation of the conflict.

===Zelensky kill list===
{{See also|Myrotvorets}}
[[File:Myrotvorets.PNG|right|1000px|thumb|The Myrotovets ("Peacemaker") website, a kill list authorizing on the spot execution of journalists and anyone deemed a "Russian sympathizer", shows [[Langley, Virginia]] home of the CIA as its headquarters.<ref>https://myrotvorets.center/</ref>]]
“One less traitor in Ukraine! He was found killed and was tried by the people’s court!” This is how the adviser to the Interior Minister, Anton Gerashenko, announced on his Telegram account the murder of [[Volodymyr Strok]], mayor and former deputy of the small town of Kremnina. Suspected of having collaborated with the Russians, he was kidnapped and tortured before being executed. On 7 March, the mayor of Gostomel was killed because he had tried to negotiate a humanitarian corridor with the Russian military. On 24 March, the mayor of Kupyansk asked Zelensky to release his daughter, who had been kidnapped by SBU agents. At the same time, one of the Ukrainian negotiators was found dead after being accused of treason by the nationalist media. No less than eleven mayors have been reported missing to date, including in regions never occupied by the Russians…

In February 2021, Zelensky closed down three opposition channels deemed to be pro-Russian and supposedly owned by the oligarch [[Viktor Medvedchuk]], NewsOne, Zik and 112 Ukraine. The State Department hails this attack on press freedom, stating that the US supports Ukrainian efforts to counter Russia’s malign influence…” In January 2022, a month before the war, Nash was shut down. After the war began, the regime went on a hunt for left-wing journalists, bloggers and commentators. At the beginning of April, two right-wing channels were also affected. Channel 5 and Pryamiy. A presidential decree obliges all channels to broadcast a single, pro-government tone of voice, of course. Recently the witch-hunt even extended to the country’s most popular critical blogger, Ukraine’s Navalny, [[Anatoliy Shariy]], who was arrested on 4 May by the Spanish authorities at the request of the Ukrainian political police. Attacks on the press at least equivalent to those of the autocrat Putin, but never heard of in the Western media…

The purge was even more severe for political parties. It decimated Zelensky’s main opponents. In the spring of 2021, the home of the main opponent, Medvedchuk, was ransacked and its owner placed under house arrest. On 12 April, the oligarch deputy was forcibly interned in an undisclosed location, visibly drugged, deprived of visits before being shown on TV and offered in exchange for the release of the Azovstal defenders, in defiance of all the [[Geneva Convention]]s. His lawyers, threatened, had to give up defending him in favour of someone close to the services.

Last December, it was Petro Poroshenko, who was rising in the polls, who was accused of treason. On 20 December 2021, at 3.07 pm, the official SBU website listed him as a suspect for crimes of treason and support for terrorist activities. The former president was accused of “making Ukraine energy dependent on Russia and the leaders of the Russian-controlled pseudo-republics.”

On 3 March, activists of the Lizvizia Left were raided by the SBU and imprisoned by the dozen. Then on 19 March, repression hit the whole of the Ukrainian left. By decree, eleven left-wing parties were banned: Party for Life, Left Opposition, Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine, Socialist Party of Ukraine, Union of Left Forces, Socialists, Sharyi Party, Ours, State, Opposition Bloc Volodymyr Saldo.

Other activists, bloggers and human rights defenders are arrested and tortured, journalist [[Yan Taksyur]], MMA boxer [[Maxim Ryndovskiy]] or activist [[Elena Brezhnaya]],<ref>https://seemorerocks.is/focusing-on-the-many-crimes-of-the-zelensky-regime/</ref> whose father was charred to death in the pogrom of 2 May 2014 at the [[Odessa Trade Unions House massacre|Odessa House of Trade Unions]].

To complete this list, we should mention the men and women stripped naked and whipped in public by the nationalists in the streets of Kiev, the Russian prisoners beaten and shot in the legs before being executed, the soldier whose eye was pierced before being killed, the members of the Georgian Legion who executed Russian prisoners in a village near Kiev, while their leader boasted that he never took prisoners. On the Ukraine 24 channel, it was the head of the army’s medical service who said he had given the order “to castrate all Russian men because they are subhuman and worse than cockroaches”. Finally, Ukraine is making extensive use of facial recognition technology from the company Clearview to identify dead Russians and broadcast their photos on Russian social networks, ridiculing them…
[[File:Darya Dugina.PNG|right|300px|thumb|[[Darya Dugina]]<ref>https://twitter.com/JayTharappel/status/1561917268669255680</ref> ]]
The examples could be multiplied, as there are so many quotes and videos of atrocities committed by the troops of the defender of democracy and human rights who presides over the destiny of Ukraine. But this would be tedious and counterproductive with a public opinion convinced that these barbaric behaviors are solely due to the Russians.

This is why no NGO is alarmed, the Council of Europe is silent, the International Criminal Court is not investigating, and press freedom organizations are silent. They have not listened well to what the kindly Volodymyr told them during a visit to Bucha at the beginning of April: “If we do not find a civilized way out, you know our people, they will find an uncivilized way out.”

Ukraine’s problem is that its president, willingly or unwillingly, has ceded power to extremists internally and to the NATO military externally in order to indulge in the pleasure of being worshipped by crowds around the world. Was it not he who told a French journalist on 5 March, ten days after the Russian invasion: “Today, my life is beautiful. I believe I am wanted. I feel that this is the most important meaning of my life: to be wanted. To feel that you are not just breathing, walking and eating something. You are living!”

==Quotes==
*''The activities of those politicians aimed at division or collusion will not succeed, but will receive a harsh response.''

*''There will be consequences for collaborators.''

*''Unfortunately, all the holidays have a bitter aftertaste for us this year. And we can feel the traditional Spirit of [[Christmas]] differently. Dinner at the family table cannot be so tasty and warm. There may be empty chairs around it. Our houses and streets can't be so bright. And Christmas bells can ring not so loudly and inspiringly. Through air raid sirens, or even worse – gunshots and explosions. And all this together can pose a bigger threat. It is a disappointment. Of the higher forces and their power, of goodness and justice in the world. Loss of [[hope]]. Loss of love. Loss of myself.''<ref>[https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/zelenskys-sobering-christmas-message-to-ukraine-describes-loss-of-hope/ar-AA15DJYl Zelensky Christmas Message], December 24, 2022.</ref>

==See also==
*[[Transvestism]]
*[[NordStream II]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[https://rumble.com/vx6un1-zalensky-before-he-was-installed-as-so-called-president..html Zalensky before he was installed as so called president.]
*[https://bombardsbodylanguage.com/2022/05/06/body-language-volodymyr-zelensky-on-60-minutes/ Body Language – Volodymyr Zelensky on 60 Minutes]

{{globalism}}
{{Deep State}}

[[Category:Ukrainian People]]
[[Category:Heads of State]]
[[Category:Jewish People]]
[[Category:Zelensky Regime]]
[[Category:Russophobia]]
[[Category:Corruption]]
[[Category:Fashion Industry Values]]
[[Category:Globalists]]
[[Category:Homosexual Agenda]]
[[Category:Russia-Ukraine War]]
[[Category:Propagandists]]
[[Category:Racism]]
[[Category:Comedians]]
[[Category:Actors]]
[[Category:Billionaires]]
[[Category:Dictators]]
[[Category:Totalitarianism]]
[[Category:Ukrainian Fascism]]
[[Category:Worst Liberal Politicians]]
[[Category:Addiction]]
[[Category:Terrorists]]
[[Category:Nazis]]
[[Category:Liberals]]

Vladimir Putin

2023-07-16T14:21:44Z

Aidanram0:

{{Officeholder
|name=Vladimir Putin
|image=Putin I'm not bluffing.PNG
|party=[[United Russia]]
|offices=|offices={{Officeholder/president
|country=Russia
|number=2nd and 4th
|terms=December 31, 1999 – May 7, 2008 (first) May 7, 2012 – (second)
|vp=[[Dmitry Medvedev]]
|preceded=[[Boris Yeltsin]] (First term), Dmitry Medvedev (Second term)
|succeeded
}}
|religion=[[Russian Orthodox]]
}}
'''Dr. Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin, Ph.D.''' ([[Russian language|Russian]]: Владимир Владимирович Путин) (born October 7, 1952) affectionately known as '''Uncle Vova''', is the [[Christian]] socially [[conservative]] president of the [[Russian Federation]], a position he has held since 2012, after serving as prime minister since May 8, 2008, and previously serving as [[president]] since December 31, 1999<ref>[[Boris Yeltsin]] resigned from the presidency on that day, and Putin was later elected president by 54% of the electorate on March 26, 2000.</ref> Putin holds a doctorate in [[economics]] focusing on energy and particularly the field of oil and gas.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250171761_The_Putin_Thesis_and_Russian_Energy_Policy</ref> Long targeted by [[globalism|globalists]], Putin was the subject of a controversial and scandalous [[International Criminal Court]] arrest warrant issued by it in March 2023.<ref>https://www.wnd.com/2023/03/international-criminal-court-hits-putin-arrest-warrant/?utm_source=izooto&utm_medium=push_notification&utm_campaign=ICC_hits_Putin_with_arrest_warrant</ref> The legitimacy of the International Criminal Court by law is not recognized by the United States and several of its allies.

Putin has been accused of running the Russian Federation in much the same manner as [[Bill Clinton]] and [[Hillary Clinton]] have been criticized for running the state of [[Arkansas]] and the [[United States]] government - taking money from [[corrupt]] [[oligarch]]s and eliminating political opponents and [[journalist]]s. Like [[Joe Biden]], Putin has been criticized for using [[law enforcement]] to harass political opponents.

Vladimir Putin's decision in February 2022 to commit troops to the [[Ukraine]] was precedented by the [[Bush Doctrine]] of preventative war, the UN-sanctioned doctrine of R2P (Responsibility to Protect), as articulated by [[Samantha Power]] during the 2011 [[Libyan war]] and the 1998 Clinon incursion into [[Kosovo]], to protect civilians in the [[Donbas]] region who had endured eight years of atrocities by the U.S.-backed [[Maidan coup|Maidan regime]] which was preparing a large scale military action against Russian-speaking civilians in early 2022,<ref>https://www.anews.com.tr/world/2021/12/01/russia-ukraine-has-deployed-half-of-its-army-to-donbass-conflict-zone</ref> and Article 51 of the United Nations Charter which allows for collective security arrangements. According to the Biden regime, Vladimir Putin sabotaged the production of baby milk formula in the [[United States]] in 2021, more than year in advance of the US and EU imposed [[Russian sanctions]].<ref>https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2022/5/14/2097914/--All-roads-lead-to-Putin-even-if-baby-formula-might-be-more-important-than-bombs</ref>

Despite Western [[propaganda]] and [[CIA]]/[[National Endowment for Democracy]]/[[Open Society]] meddling in the internal affairs of Russia with calls for an uprising to overthrow Vladimir Putin, more than 1 million people turned out in the streets of [[Moscow]] for the 2022 [[Victory Day]] celebrations of the Immortal Regiment for which Vladimir Putin was the featured honored speaker.<ref>https://videopress.com/v/KnJnf4eu</ref> The [[Islamophobic]] racist and CIA puppet, [[Alexander Navalny]] has about 0.5% name recognition inside Russia, despite US and Western propaganda that he could be an alternative stooge president of Russia controlled by [[the West]]. Navalny has since been convicted of acting as an agent of a foreign power.

Putin had increased Russia's stature in international affairs despite its underrated economic position.<ref>Seib, Gerald F. (May 6, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/putin-punches-above-his-weight-11557150000 Putin Punches Above His Weight]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 7, 2019.</ref> As a result of the economic sanctions leveled against Putin, he was booted out of the [[World Economic Forum]].<ref>https://twitter.com/teddyfenton1/status/1498792512772784128|</ref> As of March 2022 however, Putin still maintained a [[Twitter]] account, although not very often used. According to Kremlin press spokesman Dmitry Peskov, Putin considers it dishonest to allow staff and media consultants to script Twitter messages in his name.<ref>https://thefederalist.com/2022/03/04/after-banning-trump-for-denouncing-violence-twitter-lets-putin-keep-his-account/</ref>

A baptized Russian Orthodox [[Christian]] who quotes the [[Bible]],<ref>https://www.libertynation.com/why-vladimir-putin-quotes-the-bible/ (analyzing with skepticism Putin's quote of [[Scriptures]]).</ref> Putin leads the increasingly [[conservative]] Russia against the [[homosexual agenda]], [[transgenderism]], and towards the [[pro-life]] side. [[Abortion]] and other [[leftist]] values had virtually wiped out natural population growth in [[Soviet]] times, and left an indelible scar on [[culture]]. Liberals criticize Putin and [[Russia]] because they disagree with him on social issues. [[Obama]] even refused to attend the Winter Olympic games held in Russia in 2014. Putin has also criticized liberal values as "against nature" and out of touch with a more traditional population. While President Putin continues his pro-Christian, anti-globalist policies, mainstream media would rather praise Ukrainian war criminal Zelensky than him. <ref>Multiple references:
*Isachenkov, Vladimir (June 29, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/401b6cfd5b9c4a619851196410bc5814 Putin says liberalism ‘eating itself,’ migrant influx wrong]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
*Calicchio, Dom (June 28, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/putin-liberal-values-obsolete-people-in-west-prefer-traditional-values Putin: Liberal values ‘obsolete,’ people in West prefer ‘traditional’ values]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
*[https://in.reuters.com/article/russia-putin-europe-values/russias-putin-says-liberal-values-are-obsolete-idINKCN1TS2VB Russia's Putin says liberal values are obsolete - FT]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
*[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-48795764 Putin: Russian president says liberalism 'obsolete']. ''BBC News''. June 28, 2019. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
*[https://www.rferl.org/a/putin-tells-ft-the-liberal-idea-has-become-obsolete-/30026237.html Putin Tells FT: 'The Liberal Idea Has Become Obsolete']. ''Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty''. Retrieved June 29, 2019.</ref> Putin may privately seek to issue a new era of [[Orthodox Christian|Orthodox]] [[Christendom]] with [[Moscow]] as the Third Rome. Under this view, Moscow would succeed [[Constantinople]] as the center of Orthodoxy after nearly 1,700 years.

Putin was invited to speak at Keren Heyesod's annual gathering in 2019,<ref>http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/61546</ref> and in 2020 [[Israel]] invited him to participate in the “Remembering The Holocaust: Fighting Anti-Semitism” forum.<ref>http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/62646</ref> Former Prime Minister Bennett praised him in October 2021 as “a very close and true friend of the State of Israel.”<ref>https://archive.is/xQewW</ref>

{|class="infobox" style="float:right; font-size:85%; width:1ex; line-height:17px; margin: 0px 0px 5px 50px" cellpadding="1"
|[[File:Zelensky transvestism.PNG|410px]]
|[[File:Putin and Zelensky.png|300px]]
|-
|colspan="3"|<hr/>(Second from left) Actor, puppet, cocaine addict and [[commander-in-chief]] of Ukrainian armed forces [[Volodymyr Zelensky]], chest exposed, tight leather pants, wearing high heels depicted as the "modern [[Churchill]]" in Western [[psyops]];<ref>[https://youtu.be/AN1OGKKC_ic President Zelensky of Ukraine Crossdressing / Dancing in Drag]</ref> (right) President Vladimir Putin receives intelligence briefing on the person, character, and business connections of Volodymyr Zelensky.
|}
==Background==
Putin was born in [[Leningrad]] on [[October]] 7, 1952. His parents were survivors the [[Siege of Leningrad]], however his 1-year-old brother, Igor, was not, and is buried along with 500,000 other victims in a public park. Putin's father had six brothers, and five of them died in the war. Some of his mother's relatives were also killed in the conflict. Putin said that his parents had no hatred for the German soldiers. “How can anyone hate those soldiers? They were ordinary people and they also died in battle....They are laborers, just like us. They were sent to the front too,” his mother told him.<ref>https://www.rbth.com/politics/2015/05/07/vladimir_putin_reveals_familys_wwii_ordeals_in_magazine_article_45805.html</ref>

Putin writes of his father during the war,
{{quotebox-float|"he works in a military enterprise, where the so-called "armor" exempts from conscription. But he wrote a statement about joining the party, and then another statement - that he wanted to go to the front. They sent him to a sabotage detachment of the [[NKVD]]. It was a small detachment. He said that there were 28 people there, they were thrown into the near rear to carry out sabotage acts. Blowing up bridges, railway tracks... But they were ambushed almost immediately. Someone betrayed them. They came to one village, then left there, and when they returned after a while, the [[fascist]]s were already waiting for them there. They chased him through the woods, and he survived because he climbed into the swamp and sat in the swamp for several hours and breathed through the reeds.... he told me that a German was at the head of their group. At the same time, a Soviet citizen. But he's German....a couple of years ago, a file was brought to me from the archives of the Ministry of Defense on this group....List of groups, surnames, first names, patronymics and brief characteristics. Yes, 28 people. And led by a German. All as my father said. Of the 28 men, four crossed the front line back to ours. 24 died.<ref>https://ruspioner.ru/cool/m/single/4655</ref>}}

According to a made-for-television documentary entitled, ''The second baptism of Rus'', Putin told a personal story how his mother had him secretly baptized in the Russian Orthodox church as his father, who was a member of the Communist Party organization in the factory where he worked, would have faced serious problems.<ref>https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2013/07/23/putin-christened-in-secret-from-his-father-a26057</ref> Putin was a [[judo]] champion in his youth.<ref>http://nypost.com/2013/11/13/vladimir-putin-is-tougher-than-chuck-norris/</ref> He was educated in law and economics at Leningrad State University before being assigned to work in the [[KGB]].<ref>[http://en.putin.kremlin.ru/ Webpage of Vladimir Putin]</ref> After five years in [[East Germany]], he took up various political positions before becoming [[prime minister]] in 1999.
[[File:Vladtheimpaler.jpg|thumb|200px|Putin at an conference]]
He was married to Lyudmila Putina, a former stewardess with Aeroflot, from July 28, 1983, until 2014, when the two divorced. They have two daughters.

The legend of Putin began the night of the [[Fall of the Wall]] in Germany. Putin was stationed in the consulate in [[Dresden]]. A mob had raided the [[East German]] [[Stasi]] headquarters and moved on to the Soviet consulate. In the chaos, communication with [[Moscow]] was cut off. Putin, acting alone without instructions and armed only with a pistol, stared down the mob and told them if they took one more step, they would be shot. The mob retreated and returned to continue pillaging the Stasi headquarters.

As the 1990s progressed, Western [[capital]] and corporate raiders flooded into Russia to buy up Soviet assets at bargain basement prices. Prior to the collapse, Soviet enterprises did not operate on the profit motive and received government subsidies, keeping outmoded factories and industries alive while operating at a loss to keep workers employed. When the subsidies and transfers of wealth perished with the Soviet government, the country fell into a deep recession. People were not very enamored toward the transition to capitalism as foreign investors took control of the nation's economy.<ref>In a review of ''New York Times'' reporter Anne Williamson's book, ''Contagion: The Betrayal of Liberty -- Russia and the United States in the 1990s'', Paul Likoudis writes: "According to the [[socialist]] theoreticians at [[Harvard]], Russia needed to be brought into the [[New World Order]] in a hurry; and what better way to do it than [Jeffrey] Sachs' "shock therapy" -- a plan that empowered the degenerate, third-generation descendants of the original [[Bolshevik]]s by assigning them the deeds of Russia's mightiest state-owned industries -- including the giant gas, oil, electrical, and telecommunications industries, the world's largest paper, iron, and steel factories, the world's richest gold, silver, diamond, and platinum mines, automobile and airplane factories, etc. -- who, in turn, sold some of their shares of the properties to Westerners for a song, and pocketed the cash, while retaining control of the companies.

These third-generation Bolsheviks -- led by former [[Pravda]] hack Yegor Gaidar, grandson of a Bolshevik who achieved prominence as the [[Young mass murders|teenage mass murderer]] of [[White Army]] officers, now heads the Moscow-based Institute for Economies in Transition -- became instant millionaires (or billionaires) and left the Russian workers virtual slaves of them and their new foreign investors." [https://www.blacklistednews.com/HOW_CLINTON_AND_COMPANY_AND_THE_BANKERS_PLUNDERED_RUSSIA_IN_THE_%2790S/48111/0/38/38/Y/M.html HOW CLINTON AND COMPANY AND THE BANKERS PLUNDERED RUSSIA IN THE '90s], Paul Likoudis, January 2, 2016</ref> As in the Dresden incident, Putin's reputation of instinctively standing up to foreign intruders in defense of his country propelled his political rise.

Putin became the brunt of much globalist snarling, typically answered with the words of Barack Obama, "The 80s are calling. They want their foreign policy back".<ref>https://www.salon.com/2012/10/23/obama_the_80s_called_they_want_their_foreign_policy_back/</ref> Putin is known for his quick-witted sense of humor.
===Domestic policy===
A [[Christian]] himself, Putin governs a nation that is rapidly becoming more Christian and more [[conservative]], and his snubbing of [[liberal]] [[Obama]] in May 2012 suggests that Putin is well aware of how conservative his country is becoming. On social issues and taxation, Russia under Putin is more conservative today than the [[Western Europe]].

In terms of achievements, Putin has successfully opposed the [[homosexual agenda]] and has supported [[pro-life]] reforms. He has also stabilized the Russian economy and restored Russia's national pride, largely by politically exploiting the financial windfall of Europe's need for Russian oil and gas. Russians were enthusiastic that he ended the social chaos that followed the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the subsequent pell-mell privatization of the state-owned economy. Many Russians have been mesmerized by the new glitter of Moscow and the restored glamour of St. Petersburg. Russia's revived self-pride follows the humiliation of the chaos after 1991 and the incompetence of his predecessor [[Boris Yeltsin]]. Russians have a long history of authoritarian governments and a strong distaste for anarchy. They have little experience with freedom. The Russian mafia, which is more sophisticated than its counterparts elsewhere, controls more than 40 percent of the total economy. Their control is thought to be even greater in certain areas, such as banking, real estate, and consumer markets.<ref>[http://www.worldbank.org/html/prddr/trans/janfeb97/art4.htm Louise I. Shelley, ''The Price Tag of Russia's Organized Crime'']</ref> In November 2014, Putin started allowing his citizens to own concealed firearms for self-defense, but under certain restrictions.<ref>https://www.rt.com/news/206703-russia-guns-self-defense/</ref> Russia under Putin made it illegal for foreigners without a permit to preach, and banned cults that are harmful to families (Jehovah's Witnesses and Scientology engage in family shunning while Falun Gong, whose founder lives in a luxurious property, prevents family members from seeking medical treatment).<ref>http://forum18.org/archive.php?article_id=2197s</ref> Not having a permit is why a Baptist pastor got heavily fined.<ref>http://www.christianpost.com/news/russia-persecution-christians-intensifies-putin-cant-be-trusted-experts-warn-184255/</ref> Like many parts of Europe, blasphemy against the church is also illegal.<ref>http://www.aif.ru/society/law/delo_est_a_boga_net_za_chto_na_samom_dele_sudyat_viktora_krasnova?fbclid=IwAR2bypeUccKIaU4-J0V-Ybe4pl0EsUK32g4EaItpB8pdJ_ZQ5SYS37lh7dU</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/03/russian-atheist-faces-year-in-jail-for-denying-existence-of-god-during-webchat</ref>

In May 2019, Putin signed a bill into law ordering the creation of "a national internet network that would be able to operate independently from the rest of the world."<ref>Gstalter, Morgan (May 2, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/441751-putin-signs-controversial-internet-law Putin signs controversial internet law]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 2, 2019.</ref><ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2019/05/02/putin-signs-sovereign-internet-law-expands-government-control/ Putin Signs ‘Sovereign Internet’ Law, Expands Government Control]</ref> Russia began testing this network.<ref>Bonn, Tess (December 26, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/russia/475984-russia-successfully-tests-country-wide-alternative-to-global Russia successfully tests country-wide alternative to global internet]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 26, 2019.</ref>

While not generally recognized as an outstanding public speaker before crowds, Putin is known for heart-to-heart talks, somewhat akin to U.S. President [[Franklin Roosevelt]]'s fireside chats, on a wide range of topics and issues of interest and concern to the Russian people his using the [[television]] format.
==== Russian demography has long been an existential issue to Vladimir Putin ====

''See also:'' [[Russia's fertility rate]]

[[Russia's fertility rate]] of 1.58 births per woman is one of the lowest fertility rates in the world.<ref name="IntelliNews">[https://intellinews.com/russian-fertility-rates-fall-to-record-lows-on-the-back-of-a-deteriorating-economy-and-sanctions-pressure-243191/ Russian fertility rates fall to record lows on the back of a deteriorating economy and sanctions pressure], bne IntelliNews, 2022</ref> It's fertility rate is below the replacement rate of 2.1 births per woman.

Russian demography has long been an existential issue to Vladimir Putin. In 2021, he declared “saving the people of Russia is our top national priority".<ref>[https://fortune.com/2022/10/18/russia-population-historic-decline-emigration-war-plunging-birth-rate-form-perfect-storm/ Russia’s population is in a historic decline as emigration, war and a plunging birth rate form a ‘perfect storm’], Fortune magazine, 2022</ref>

Bne IntelliNews indicated in 2022:
{{Cquote|Between 1993 and 2008, Russia’s population saw a considerable decline in its population from 148.37mn to 143.25. However, after Russian President Vladimir Putin took over in 2000 he put demographics at the top of the agenda and launched a comprehensive reform to boost the population, as featured by bne IntelliNews in “Putin’s babies”. The fruits of these reforms began to appear in around 2008 when the population began growing again...

The population increased again to 145.9mn recently; however, the population was expected to peak at the end of 2020 and is projected to start declining again...

These problems were already very visible at the end of the 1990s, when demographers became increasingly alarmed at where Russia was heading.<ref name="IntelliNews"/>}}

Demographers estimate Russia will fall from being the 9th most populous country in the world to being the 17th by 2050.<ref name="IntelliNews"/> And estimates indicate that Russia's population will drop from 2014's 142 million to 128 million by 2050.<ref name="IntelliNews"/>

===Political career===
[[File:V Putin.jpg|thumb|200px]]
In the Yeltsin years during the transition to capitalism, corrupt foreign and domestic [[oligarch]]s took control of the country. Putin's rise to power as a [[populist]] was by taxing and driving out corrupt foreign oligarchs whom the public viewed as looting the country, and throwing in jail corrupt domestic oligarchs as tax cheats. The oligarchs were his political enemies. Putin's success as a leader in Russia came about by reigning in the power of oligarchs. He allowed them to run the Russian economy provided that they stay out of politics, unlike Western so-called "democracies". Contrary to [[Western]] and [[CIA]] propaganda, Putin is not a friend of or controlled by oligarchs; rather, the oligarchs bow to his instructions and demands.

Putin has many controversial statements on [[Communism]] and has a good attitude toward the [[Muslim]] minorities living in the Russian Federation. [[Alexander Dugin]] argues:<ref>http://www.aspeninstitute.it/aspenia-online/article/russian-conservative-view-putin-interview-alexander-dugin</ref>
{{Cquote|If we consider the situation in Russia more closely, we will discover that almost all that is said in the West about Putin is wrong. It is a complete caricature. The most important criticism of Putin inside Russia is not from the liberals. Liberals represent the smallest part of the critics. They are absolutely marginal… So the West is absolutely wrong in thinking that there is this big liberal opposition to Putin that is artificially kept down. The real opposition to Putin is growing completely on the other side of Russian society. It is growing discontent with "lunar" Putin, against the Putin who is surrounded by liberals. All the government is completely not only corrupt, it consists of pro-Western liberals. Nothing has changed after the last election.}}

Putin is mainly backed by the [[United Russia]] (''Единая Россия'') party, which currently holds a majority in the lower chamber of the Russian parliament, known as the ''Duma''. As a centrist party, it usually reflects the political views of Putin, which are that of authoritarian statism and [[nationalism]]. On March 14, 2004, he was elected to a second term as president with 71% of the vote. Barred from a third consecutive term by the Russian constitution, Putin ceded the presidency to [[Dmitry Medvedev]] on May 7, 2008, and became Prime Minister, at the time-sharing power with the more moderate Medvedev. Medvedev did not run for a second term, and, as a result, Putin was re-elected in 2012. Putin was again re-elected in 2018, facing little real opposition.

After his 2018 victory, Putin's approval ratings fell significantly due to public disapproval of some of his domestic policies.<ref>Bennetts, Marc (August 12, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/aug/12/vladimir-putin-faces-russia-democracy-movement-dec/ Putin's political milestone marred by plummeting polls, massive protests]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved August 12, 2019.</ref>

==Political views==
Putin has been accused of employing the United States [[Democratic party]] tactic of illegal surveillance, harassment, investigation, arrest, and jailing political opponents and dissidents, ostensibly as agents of a foreign power or domestic terrorists.

Learning from the mistakes of USSR in the Eastern Bloc, he made clear that taking countries against their right to self-determination is counterproductive and drains resources.<ref>https://youtu.be/DHIxry8WfyA</ref>

===Relations with NATO===
In an interview with David Frost broadcast on the [[BBC]] on March 13, 2000, Putin expressed his desire to see Russia join NATO:<ref>https://www.gazeta.ru/2001/02/28/putin_i_bbc.shtml</ref>
[[File:Putin unkown soldier.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Putin lays a wreath a the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier on the anniversary of the German invasion of the Soviet Union.]]
{{quotebox-float|'''Frost: Tell me about your views on NATO, if you would. Do you see NATO as a potential partner, or rival, or an enemy?'''

'''Putin:''' Russia is a part of European culture. I simply cannot see my country isolated from Europe, from what we often describe as the civilized world. That is why it is hard for me to regard NATO as an enemy. I think that such a perception has nothing good in store for Russia and the rest of the world. ...

We strive for equal cooperation, partnership, we believe that it is possible to speak even about higher levels of integration with NATO. But only, I repeat, if Russia is an equal partner. As you know, we constantly express our negative attitude to NATO's expansion to the East. ...

'''Frost: Is it possible that Russia will ever join NATO?'''

'''Putin:''' Why not? I do not rule out such a possibility. I repeat, on condition that Russia's interests are going to be taken into account, if Russia becomes a full-fledged partner. I want to specially emphasize this. ...

When we say that we object to NATO's expansion to the East, we are not expressing any special ambitions of our own, ambitions in respect of some regions of the world. ... By the way, we have never declared any part of the world a zone of our national interests. Personally, I prefer to speak about strategic partnership. The zone of strategic interests of any particular region means first of all the interests of the people who live in that region. ...}}
Within hours after the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]], Vladimir Putin was the first foreign leader to call President [[George W. Bush]] and offer sympathy and support for what became the first invocation of NATO Article V, "an attack against one is an attack against all."<ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/europe/09/10/ar911.russia.putin/index.html</ref> Putin announced a five-point plan to support the [[war on terror]], pledging that the Russian government would (1) share intelligence with their American counterparts, (2) open Russian airspace for flights providing humanitarian assistance (3) cooperate with Russia's Central Asian allies in [[Uzbekistan]] and [[Kyrgyzstan]] to provide similar kinds of airspace access to American flights, (4) participate in international search and rescue efforts, and (5) increase direct assistance -humanitarian as well as military assistance—to the Afghan Northern Alliance. The intelligence Putin shared, including data that helped American forces find their way around [[Kabul]] and logistical information about Afghanistan's topography and caves, contributed to the success of operation and rout of the Taliban. Two weeks after the attacks, Putin was invited to make a speech to a Special Session of the Bundestag, the first ever by a Russian head of state to the German parliament.<ref>http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/40168</ref> Among the numerous subjects Putin addressed in fluent German was peace and stability in the common European home:
{{quotebox-float|"But what are we lacking today for cooperation to be efficient?

In spite of all the positive achievements of the past decades, we have not yet developed an efficient mechanism for working together.

The coordinating agencies set up so far do not offer Russia real opportunities for taking part in drafting and taking decision. Today decisions are often taken, in principle, without our participation, and we are only urged afterwards to support such decisions. After that they talk again about loyalty to NATO. They even say that such decisions cannot be implemented without Russia. Let us ask ourselves: is this normal? Is this true partnership?

Yes, the assertion of [[democratic]] principles in international relations, the ability to find a correct decision and readiness for compromise are a difficult thing. But then, it was the Europeans who were the first to understand how important it is to look for consensus over and above national egoism. We agree with that! All these are good ideas. However, the quality of decisions that are taken, their efficiency and, ultimately, European and international security in general depend on the extent to which we succeed today in translating these obvious principles into practical politics.

It seemed just recently that a truly common home would shortly rise on the continent, a home in which the Europeans would not be divided into eastern or western, northern or southern. However, these divides will remain, primarily because we have never fully shed many of the Cold War stereotypes and cliches.

Today we must say once and for all: the Cold War is done with! We have entered a new stage of development. We understand that without a modern, sound and sustainable security architecture we will never be able to create an atmosphere of trust on the continent, and without that atmosphere of trust there can be no united Greater Europe! Today we must say that we renounce our stereotypes and ambitions and from now on will jointly work for the security of the people of Europe and the world as a whole.}}
In 2004 the Baltic states - [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]], and [[Estonia]] joined NATO in violation of assurances made to Russian leaders when German Unification occurred. The provocative action created for the first time a common border between the Russian Federation and a NATO state. Three years later, at the Munich Security Conference, Putin declared, “We have the right to ask: against whom is this [NATO] expansion intended? And what happened to the assurances our western partners made after the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact? Where are those declarations today? No one even remembers them.”<ref>https://aldeilis.net/english/putins-historical-speech-munich-conference-security-policy-2007/</ref> In 2008 NATO said Ukraine and Georgia would become members. Four other [[Eastern Europe]]an states joined NATO in 2009.

In the face of the NATO onslaught, Putin repeatedly warned the West with the refrain of a made popular by [[Yulia Chicherina]] during the ongoing NATO-funded [[Donbas war]],<ref>https://youtu.be/HdVkbCGEyT8</ref> "we have nowhere to retreat."<ref>https://youtu.be/i0YqXRPHisE</ref> Putin told the nation in a televised address on February 24, 2022 “I am referring to the eastward expansion of NATO, which is moving its military infrastructure ever closer to the Russian border. It is a fact that over the past thirty years we have been patiently trying to come to an agreement with the leading NATO countries …In response, we invariably faced either cynical [[deception]] and [[lies]] or attempts at pressure and [[blackmail]]."

===Relations with the EU===
[[File:Putin ate my homework.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Anti-Putin Russophobia in the West, 2022.]]
In 2014 Putin founded the [[Eurasian Economic Union]] to counter [[European Union]] meddling in [[Eastern Europe]]an nation's affairs.

After [[Crimea]] was returned to Russia, the European Union imposed sanctions against Putin and the Russian government.<ref>http://rt.com/business/168192-eu-sanctions-crimea-deadlock/</ref>

The relations within the EU are different and divided, it is mainly the following countries advocating namely a critical attitude towards the Russian government: the Baltic states ([[Estonia]], [[Latvia]] and [[Lithuania]]) [[Poland]], [[Sweden]], [[Netherlands]], [[Germany]], [[France]] and the [[United Kingdom]],<ref>http://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/news/russian-sanctions-debate-divides-eu/</ref><ref>https://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/4464/eu-russia</ref>
while the following countries have a less hostile attitude or want to maintain a better relationship: [[Hungary]], [[Italy]] and [[Czech Republic]].

Also, multiple nationalist parties in the EU appreciate Putin's policies against the Leftist liberal dominance in Europe, like [[Marine Le Pen]]'s [[French National Front|National Front]].

Despite EU sanctions, Russia under cooperation between Putin and [[German]] Chancellor [[Angela Merkel]] continued expanding economically into Western Europe.<ref>Strobel, Warren P. (March 11, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/russias-economic-clout-in-europe-grows-despite-sanctions-study-says-11552333028 Russia’s Economic Clout in Europe Grows Despite Sanctions, Study Says]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved March 11, 2019.</ref>

===Relations under George W. Bush===
Initially relations between [[George W. Bush]] and Putin were good, with Putin lending support to Bush's war on global terror. Putin was restrained from giving much assistance outside the Russian Federation, being pre-occupied with the [[Islamist]] movements waging [[jihad]] inside his own borders.

In Bush's late second term, Putin was concerned about jihadist infiltration from [[Turkey]] and [[Syria]] through the [[Republic of Georgia]], and intervened. Former members of the [[Warsaw Pact]], who were more supportive of the war on terror than even the US population, then asked for deployment of missile defense systems on their territories, which the [[Bush administration]] was inclined to favor as a reward for their help. Russia considered missile defense deployment on their borders overt acts of hostility. Barack Hussein Obama and Hillary Rodham Clinton, in competition to outdo each other, condemned George W. Bush and [[Condoleezza Rice]] by sidling up to the Russians and Islamists whom the [[Democrat]]s portrayed as oppressed victims of a [[globalism|global]] [[neocon]] [[conspiracy]].

===Relations under Barack Obama===
[[File:Targeted sanctions.jpg|right|300px|thumb|''Targetted Sanctions'', from a Moscow art exhibition.]]
President [[Barack Obama]] and Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]] initially cozied up to Putin, charging the Bush administration was intent on reigniting the [[Cold War]]. However once the [[Rosatom-Uranium One deal]] was completed and the [[Clinton Foundation]] pocketed millions of dollars from Putin cronies in donations and speaking fees, relations began to sour as the Obama administration could no longer ignore geopolitical realities. Putin had protested the Obama administrations illegal drone strikes, and the administration placed [[Magnitsky Act|sanctions on Russian leaders]] ostensibly in retaliation for the Crimean referendum.<ref>https://youtu.be/I-9aD45qxbE</ref>

President Obama's decision to move an anti-missile defense system to [[Romania]] during the [[2016 US Presidential election]] only heightened tensions. Putin, who had repeatedly assailed the antimissile system as a grave danger to Russia's security, called Obama's decision dangerous. This coupled with Obama's implementation of sanctions rather than honor the [[American foreign policy#1994 Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances|1994 Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances]] negotiated by the [[Clinton administration]], displaying it as an empty promise to guarantee Ukrainian independence, only further exposed the befuddlement and inability of the Obama administration to stand by US commitments and the weaknesses of NATO.

In September 2013, Putin gave a speech stating the need to strengthen Russian culture with traditional values and the Orthodox Christian church. Also, he condemned Western nations and their godless pursuit of [[political correctness]] and [[homosexuality]].<ref>[http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/cdedfd64-214f-11e3-a92a-00144feab7de.html#axzz2jdyir54U Putin urges Russians to return to values of religion, FT.com, September 19, 2013]</ref>

In early September 2013, Putin expressly observed that liberal [[John Kerry]] is a liar.

[[Forbes]] ranked Putin as the most powerful man in the world as of December 2016, while Obama was ranked #48. Putin gains popularity every time he challenges the U.S. or Europe, or sends troops into a former Soviet Republic.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/datablog/2015/jul/23/vladimir-putins-approval-rating-at-record-levels</ref>

According to former Obama Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]], candidate Donald Trump was a Putin asset - a lie which gained widespread [[liberal media]] circulation in the United States perpetrated by paid [[FBI]] informants and other [[subversive]] elements of the [[Democratic party]] working in the United States [[civil service system]].

====Obama/Biden Maidan coup====
{{See also|Maidan coup}}
[[File:Revolution of Dignity.PNG|left|300px|thumb|Russian victims of the Obama-backed "[[Revolution of Dignity]]."<ref>https://archive.fo/1XFO5</ref>]]
Putin is seen as an antagonist by [[liberal]]s in the West, who are angry about their inability to push the [[homosexual agenda]] and pro-[[abortion]] policies on Russia. Putin views NATO enlargement by absorbing former Soviet client states as a potential threat to the Russian Federation. Putin has proposed a policy of "Findlandization", i.e., making permanently neutral the Ukraine and Georgia and not incorporating them into NATO under the US's Partners for Peace program. Putin's alleged rigged election system, nuclear energy contracts and military alliance with Iran have heightened tensions. According to [[mainstream media]], the decline of [[human rights]] in Russia has been dramatic; for example, Russian riot police beat a number of protesters and journalists at an anti-Putin rally at Pushkin Square in Moscow,<ref name="The Economist, April 21, 2007">''The Economist'', April 21, 2007</ref> and Putin rigged national elections for his party <ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/homepageCrisis/idUSL03585550._CH_.2400</ref>

Putin has even exercised power over the Russian supreme court. Justice Vladimir Yaroslavtsev was forced to resign after warning that Russian security agencies now control the country as they did in Soviet times and expressing alarm over their lack of accountability. Justice Anatoly Kononov was likewise forced out after defending Yaroslavtsev.<ref>[http://www.robertamsterdam.com/2009/12/are_you_an_independent_russian_judge_youre_fired.htm ''Are You An Independent Russian Judge? You're Fired'', RobertAmsterdam.com]</ref>

Many who have reported or protested such things have found themselves being repressed - or killed.<ref>[https://www.americanthinker.com/2009/12/putins_own_worst_enemy.html Kim Zigfeld, ''Putin's Own Worst Enemy''] American Thinker, December 08, 2009</ref><ref>http://larussophobe.wordpress.com/2009/12/03/editorial-another-russian-journalist-takes-the-putin-plunge</ref> Journalist [[Anna Politkovskaya]], an outspoken critic of Putin, was assassinated in 2006,<ref>http://news.independent.co.uk/europe/article1819666.ece</ref> and it is widely believed that the Russian government had some involvement in this death. There were 13 journalists killed in contract-style slayings during Vladimir Putin's eight-year presidency.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,438381,00.html Russian Lawyer in Slain Journalist Case Says She, Family Poisoned] AP, October 15, 2008</ref>

Despite these negatives – or perhaps because of the strong hand they reveal – Putin remains popular in Russia.<ref>http://www.levada.ru/prezident.html Putin's Approval Ratings</ref> Since coming to power, Putin has expanded Russia's economy and reduced inflation. The majority of Russians are relatively uninterested in politics outside of issues affecting their personal prosperity,<ref name="The Economist, April 21, 2007"/> and journalist [[Anna Politkovskaya]] argued that the Russian people, as a whole, have been willing to tolerate violence in the name of "comfort and peace and quiet".<ref>Politkovskaya, Anna. Putin's Russia. London: Harvill Press, 2004</ref>

===Relations under Donald Trump===

President [[Donald Trump]] accused Putin of taking [[Crimea]] by force and asked whether Obama was too soft on Russia.<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/donald-trump-russia-latest-tweet-accuse-crimea-obama-too-soft-distance-campaign-team-white-house-a7581511.html Donald Trump accuses Russia of taking Crimea by force in attempt to distance himself from campaign allegations]</ref> In March 2017 the US department of state strongly condemned the arrests of hundreds of protesters against Vladimir Putin's government.<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/26/hundreds-arrested-mass-protests-against-vladimir-putins-government/ Washington condemns arrests of hundreds of protesters against Vladimir Putin's government]</ref> The US Secretary of State [[Rex Tillerson]] said that US sanctions against Russia will remain in place until Moscow "reverses the actions" it has taken in Ukraine.<ref>[https://edition.cnn.com/2017/03/31/politics/rex-tillerson-russia-ukraine/ Tillerson: US to maintain Ukraine-related sanctions on Russia until Crimea is returned]</ref>

In response to the April, 4 chemical attack on Khan Shaykhun in [[Syria]], President Trump launched 59-Tomahawk rockets on a Syrian Air base nearby, tensions led up with Russia, Syria's ally, Putin has called that the US attack was an "illegal act of aggression",<ref>https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4389332/Russia-calls-airstrikes-Syria-act-aggression.html</ref> and answered this attack by sending a frigate to the military base in Syria.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/07/world/middleeast/russia-iran-us-strikes-syria.html?_r=0</ref> In April 2017 Putin explained that the US-Russia relations have gotten worse under Trump, contrary to narratives put out by the liberal mainstream media that Trump is too "soft" to Putin and is Putin's 'puppet' .<ref>http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/228064</ref>

In December 2017 Putin warned President Trump because of his decision to move the US embassy from [[Tel Aviv]] to [[Jerusalem]] and stated that he was "deeply concerned".<ref>[https://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/239041 Putin 'deeply concerned' by Trump's Jerusalem move]. ''IsraelNationalNews''. December 18, 2017. Retrieved August 31, 2018.</ref> Putin also opposed Trump's withdrawal from the [[Iran nuclear deal]] and told that Russia would continue to honor its obligations under this deal.<ref>[https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/putin-criticizes-u-s-over-iran-deal-at-summit-with-china-1.6158932 Putin Criticizes Trump Over Iran Nuclear Deal]. ''Haaretz''. June 10, 2018. Retrieved August 31, 2018.</ref>

In March 2018, Putin unveiled his revamped nuclear missile program, which was a response to the NATO challenge.<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-01/putin-calls-for-raising-living-standards-in-annual-address Putin Shows Off New Nuclear Weapons, Warns West to ‘Listen’]</ref>

===Relations with Joe Biden===
{{See also|Biden/Harris regime foreign policy#Ukraine}}
[[File:How could Putin do this..PNG|right|300px|thumb|When Joe Biden fell off his bike in the summer of 2022, [[social media]] users wanted to know how Putin could have done it.<ref>https://www.bizpacreview.com/2022/06/18/how-could-putin-do-this-reaction-rolls-in-as-news-of-biden-falling-off-bike-spreads-1251698/</ref>]]
As vice-president in 2011, Putin snubbed [[Joe Biden]] in a face-to-face meeting. Sitting across a conference table Putin, Biden attempted to lecture Putin. Biden said, "I’ve been around a long time. The first time I was here…” and in mid-sentence his microphone was cut off,<ref>https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/03/10/remarks-vice-president-joe-biden-and-russian-prime-minister-vladimir-put</ref> the lights for the TV cameras went off, and the press was told to leave. The press exited quickly and quietly. Videocameras were disassembled from tripods and still photographers stopped shooting. Portable lights came down from retractable poles. No one spoke and no one lingered. Putin baited Biden, pulled the plug, stole Biden's audience, and rendered him speechless. Putin and the Russian delegation sat as their American counterparts realized Biden's big moment had been stolen right out from under him. Putin had neither fear nor respect for Biden, and Biden was humiliated.<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/analysis/putin-humiliated-biden-in-moscow-meeting/</ref>
[[File:Joe Biden at CFR meeting 2018 2.jpeg|left|300px|thumb|The [[Biden family]] is on the payroll of the Ukrainian firm [[Burisma]], while many Ukrainian operatives in the U.S.<ref>e.g. [[Alexandra Chalupa]] and [[Alexander Vindman]]</ref> and abroad are inimically hostile toward Russia.]]
In 2014 Hunter Biden colluded with and received $3.5 million from [[Elena Baturina]], the richest woman in Russia and widow of former Moscow mayor Yury Luzhkov as payment to establish an American bank account for her.<ref>https://www.tapatalk.com/groups/missionquestfpb/shock-man-who-had-hunter-biden-s-laptop-suggests-t-t10669-s2420.html</ref> In late 2019 Baturina was declared a fugitive from Russian justice.<ref>https://www.rferl.org/a/russian-court-declares-late-moscow-mayor-s-widow-wanted-after-failure-to-appear/30348065.html</ref>

According to 51 former United States national security "professionals", the Hunter Biden [[Laptop from Hell]] was Putin [[disinformation]] - a proven lie by a coterie of former American civil servants who conspired to rig the [[2020 presidential election]].

In 2021, American socialist leader [[Joe Biden]] colluded with Putin to raise gasoline prices and home heating bills.<ref>https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2021/oct/18/bidens-record-spending-will-only-add-fuel-inflatio/</ref> Biden cozied up to by Putin by rescinding the Trump-era opposition to the [[Nord Stream II]] pipeline.<ref>https://dennismichaellynch.com/daily-newsletter/</ref> The Russian project is designed to ship gas and oil directly from Russia to [[Germany]] under the [[Baltic Sea]]. Russia has attempted to pressure Ukraine numerous time since the break-up of the Soviet Union to abandon its bid to join [[NATO]] by cutting off oil and gas supplies. In doing so, Russia inadvertently also cuts off supplies to Germany, a very rich and large customer. The Nordstream pipeline is intended to counter this collateral effect, while pressuring Ukraine, [[Poland]] and [[Hungary]] to remain in the Russian orbit. The pipeline itself is a massive scandal in Germany, with for [[Democratic Socialist]] [[Gerhard Schroeder]] chancellor heading the Nordstream pipeline company and a major stockholders.<ref>https://www.politico.eu/article/opinion-schroders-russian-sell-out/</ref>

''[[Newsweek]]'' reported three weeks after [[Operation Denazification]] in Ukraine began that Putin's Approval Ratings in Russia rose from 60% before the operation to 71%.<ref>https://www.newsweek.com/vladimir-putin-approval-rating-poll-latest-levada-russia-1687543</ref>

{{Anchor|Empire of Lies}}
====Empire of Lies speech====

On February 24, 2022, Putin delivered an anti-[[woke]] speech condemning the United States promotion, both domestically and among its allies, [[values]] that are "contrary to human nature":
[[File:Putin and Zelensky.png|right|300px|thumb|Putin's "My Pet Goat" moment: Putin being briefed on [[Volodoymr Zelensky]]'s [[transvestism]] and wearing high heels.<ref>https://www.bitchute.com/video/f1Ll6yw172sg/</ref>]]
{{quotebox-float|"US politicians, political scientists and journalists write and say that a veritable “empire of lies” has been created inside the United States in recent years. It is hard to disagree with this – it is really so. But one should not be modest about it: the United States is still a great country and a system-forming power. All its satellites not only humbly and obediently say 'yes' to, and parrot it at the slightest pretext, but also imitate its behavior and enthusiastically accept the rules it is offering them. Therefore, one can say with good reason and confidence that the whole so-called [[Western bloc]] formed by the United States in its own image and likeness is, in its entirety, the very same “empire of lies.”

As for our country, after the disintegration of the USSR, given the entire unprecedented [[glasnost|openness]] of the new, modern Russia, its readiness to work honestly with the United States and other Western partners, and its practically unilateral disarmament, they immediately tried to put the final squeeze on us, finish us off, and utterly destroy us. This is how it was in the 1990s and the early 2000s, when the so-called collective West was actively supporting separatism and gangs of [[mercenaries]] in southern Russia. What victims, what losses we had to sustain, and [[Russia#Chechen wars|what trials we had to go through]] at that time before we broke the back of international terrorism in the [[Caucasus]]! We remember this and will never forget.<ref>Putin is speaking of such events as the [[Beslan massacre]]</ref>

Properly speaking, the attempts to use us in their own interests never ceased until quite recently: they sought to destroy our [[traditional values]] and force on us their [[Liberalism|false values]] that would erode us, our people from within, the attitudes they have been aggressively imposing on their countries, attitudes that are directly leading to degradation and degeneration, because they are contrary to [[human nature]]. This is not going to happen. No one has ever succeeded in doing this, nor will they succeed now."<ref name="bloomberg.com">https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-02-24/full-transcript-vladimir-putin-s-televised-address-to-russia-on-ukraine-feb-24</ref>}}

====Donbas war====
[[File:Azov Battalion.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Putin opposes U.S. and NATO-backed Nazis who led the Maidan coup and have killed thousands of people since 2014.]]
{{See also|Donbas war}}
Putin, when meeting with Chinese President [[Xi Jinping]] during the opening of the 2022 Winter Olympic games, committed himself on a policy course which sees Russia, together with China, rejecting the "rules based order" that defines the vision of a [[unipolar]] world dominated by the United States as the world's policeman, and instead replaces it with a multi-polar “law based international order” grounded in the United Nations Charter.

Grand Mufti of All Russia Ravil Gainutdinov stated: “The entire Islamic world, the Arab world, treats our president’s decision with understanding...They are looking for the victory of Russian politics, and they have absolutely no interest in the hegemony of one country, in the creation of a unipolar world...That is why no country in the Arab world imposed any sanctions on Russia...This is very important...Even as NATO members, even being under pressure, they refrain from imposing sanctions against our country...This means that the Islamic world has deep respect to our country and our Muslims”.<ref>https://tass.com/society/1454257</ref>

====Responsibility to protect, preventative action, and collective self-defense====
{{See also|Russia-Ukraine war}}
Vladimir Putin set forth a claim under the doctrine of 'anticipatory collective self-defense' which was devised originally by the [[Clinton administration]] and NATO in regard to the 1998 [[Kosovo]] conflict,<ref>https://youtu.be/rsSB_2RShBQ</ref> as it applies to Article 51 of the United Nations Charter.<ref>https://consortiumnews.com/2022/03/29/russia-ukraine-the-law-of-war-crime-of-aggression/</ref> The unilateral declarations of independence by the Donbas republics are completely legal and precedented by [[the West]]'s successful demands for Kosovo to be recognized as independent from [[Serbia]], and adjudicated as such by the International Courts.<ref>https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/141</ref>
[[File:Stalin and Truman.PNG|right|300px|thumb|Stalin (''left'') with [[Harry Truman]] (''right''). Truman is considered by presidential historians as one of America's greatest presidents because he used nuclear weapons to spare American soldiers lives and end a war from dragging on.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/09/24/from-franklin-delano-roosevelt-to-john-f-kennedy-newsweek-s-10-best-presidents-photos.html|title=From Franklin Delano Roosevelt to John F. Kennedy, Newsweek's 10 Best Presidents (Photos)|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|date=September 24, 2012|access-date=|archive-date=April 24, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424210738/http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/09/24/from-franklin-delano-roosevelt-to-john-f-kennedy-newsweek-s-10-best-presidents-photos.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/fixgov/posts/2015/02/13-obama-measuring-presidential-greatness-vaughn-rottinghaus|title=Measuring Obama against the great presidents|author=Brandon Rottinghaus|date=February 13, 2015|work=The Brookings Institution|access-date=|archive-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106025720/http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/fixgov/posts/2015/02/13-obama-measuring-presidential-greatness-vaughn-rottinghaus|url-status=live}}</ref> ]]
The Organization of World Peace reported in 2021, “according to Ukraine’s National Security and Defense Council Decree no. 117/2021, Ukraine has committed to putting all options on the table to taking back control over the Russian annexed Crimea region. Signed on March 24th, President Zelensky has committed the country to pursue strategies that . . . ‘will prepare and implement measures to ensure the de-occupation and reintegration of the peninsula.’”<ref>https://theowp.org/ukraine-declares-all-options-possible-even-war-to-retake-crimea-from-russia/</ref> Given that the residents of Crimea, most of whom are ethnic Russians, are quite happy with the current state of affairs under Russian governance – this, according to a 2020 ''[[Washington Post]]'' report – Zelensky’s threat in this regard was not only a threat against Russia itself but was also a threat of potentially massive bloodshed against a people who do not want to go back to Ukraine.<ref>https://archive.ph/5s7Cd</ref> The Donbas war represents a much more compelling case for justifying Russian intervention under the ''Responsibility to Protect'' (R2P) doctrine which has been advocated by such Western ‘humanitarians’ as [[Hillary Clinton]], [[Samantha Power]], and [[Susan Rice]], and which was relied upon to justify the NATO interventions in countries like the former [[Yugoslavia]] and [[Libya]].

In 1998, Kosovo was not a member of the United Nations, so the right of collective self-defense of member states was challenged. Kosovo was forcibly severed from a member state, [[Serbia]], by NATO and given legal status later. Residents of Kosovo never voted by referendum to declare independence from Serbia. By established international precedents, in 2014 the residents of the [[Donetsk Republic]], the [[Lugansk Republic]], and [[Crimea]] voted to separate from [[Ukraine]]. The Russian State Duma recognized the decision of the voters and change in international borders, annexed Crimea and in 2022 signed collective security agreements with the Donetsk and Lugansk republics.

On February 24, 2022, Vladimir Putin addressed the nation and made clear the objective of the [[Special Military Operation]] in Ukraine was not [[regime change]]:
{{quotebox-float|"The purpose of this operation is to protect people who, for eight years now, have been facing humiliation and [[genocide]] perpetrated by the Kiev regime. To this end, we will seek to demilitarise and denazify Ukraine, as well as bring to trial those who perpetrated numerous bloody crimes against civilians, including against citizens of the Russian Federation. It is not our plan to occupy the Ukrainian territory. We do not intend to impose anything on anyone by force."<ref name="bloomberg.com">https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-02-24/full-transcript-vladimir-putin-s-televised-address-to-russia-on-ukraine-feb-24</ref>}}

====Partial mobilization====

For the first time since [[World War II]], Putin announced on September 21, 2022, announced a partial mobilization of military reserves:
{{quotebox-float|"The purpose of this West is to weaken, divide and ultimately destroy our country. They are already directly saying that in 1991 they were able to split the Soviet Union, and now the time has come for Russia itself, and that it should disintegrate into many mortally warring regions and regions,” the Russian president stressed....

“[We talk] about the aggressive policy of a number of the Western elites, who are striving with all their might to maintain their dominance, and for this purpose they are trying to block or suppress any sovereign independent centers of development in order to further brutally impose their will on other countries and nations, to plant their fake values...

"Some irresponsible politicians in the West talk about plans to organize the supply of long-range offensive weapons to Ukraine, systems that are capable of launching strikes against Crimea and other regions of Russia,,,

"In this situation, I consider it necessary to take the following decisions, they are fully adequate to the threats we face. Namely: to protect our Motherland, its [[sovereignty]] and territorial integrity, to ensure the security of our people and people in the liberated territories, I consider it necessary to support the proposal of the Ministry of Defense and the General Staff on conducting partial mobilization in the Russian Federation....Only citizens who are currently in the reserve and, above all, those who served in the ranks of the Armed Forces, have certain military specialties and relevant experience will be subject to conscription for military service. Those called up for military service before being sent to the units will necessarily undergo additional military training taking into account the experience of a special military operation.}}
Additionally all military service contracts currently in force (usually 3 to 12 months) were extended indefinitely. Putin said that the current conflict was instigated by the West, noting that the Western countries seek the destruction and disintegration of Russia. He said that the West had been supporting international terrorists, promoted the infrastructure of the NATO offensive close to Russia's borders and fostered Russophobia.

Putin continued:
{{quotebox-float|“If the territorial integrity of our country is threatened, we will without doubt use all available means to protect Russia and our people - this is not a bluff....those trying to [[blackmail]] us with [[nuclear weapons]] should know that the tables can turn on them”...

“The Kiev occupation regime has created a deeply echeloned line of long-term fortifications. Directly assaulting them would have resulted in heavy losses, which is why our units, as well as those of the Donbass republics, act competently and use the military in order to protect personnel. They, step by step, are liberating Donetsk land, clearing cities and towns from neo-Nazis, and helping people whom the Kiev regime has turned into hostages and a [[human shield]]."<ref>https://sputniknews.com/20220921/indias-richest-person-gautam-adani-added-whopping-200-million-to-his-wealth-every-day-in-past-year-1101055399.html</ref>}}

Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu said that 300,000 reservist will be mobilized. Conscripts and people currently studying will not be send to Ukraine. He also said that, so far, 5,937 Russian soldiers have died during the war in Ukraine. (This number does not include the militia of the [[DPR]] and [[LPR]], or the [[Wagner group]], who have done most of the frontline work and thus have had higher losses.) Shoigu puts Ukrainian losses at some 62,000 killed and some 50,000 wounded.<ref>https://sputniknews.com/20220921/shoigu-russia-at-war-with-collective-west-rather-than-ukraine-1101029246.html</ref> Russia's total military reserve, people who have previously gone through military training, is 25 million.<ref>https://twitter.com/Liveuamap/status/1572480191108104193</ref> It also has the equipment to arm those forces.

====St. Petersburg International Economic Forum speech====
Vladimir Putin delivered a speech to the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF) on June 17, 2022.<ref>https://thesaker.is/president-putin-st-petersburg-international-economic-forum-plenary-session/</ref> Zerohedge reported:
{{quotebox-float|"Over the past decades, new powerful centers have been formed on the planet […] each of them develops their own political system and public institutions, implements their own models of [[economic growth]], and, of course, has the right to protect themselves, to ensure national [[sovereignty]]. We are talking about real processes, about truly revolutionary, tectonic changes in [[geopolitics]], global economy, the technological sphere, in the entire system of [[international relations]]....In the current situation, against a backdrop of soaring risks and threats, Russia’s decision to conduct a [[special military operation]] was a forced one. It was very hard to make it, but it was forced and necessary. It was a decision by a sovereign country that has an unconditional right based on the UN Charter to defend its security."

Putin said the European Union delivered a serious blow to their own economies, prompting high [[inflation]]. He estimated the costs of the "sanctions fever" to be around $400 billion in 2022 and noted that the measures will become a burden on regular people's shoulders. "It is clear why they waged this [[propaganda]] campaign, what all these spells about 200-to-1 ruble-dollar exchange rates and claims that our [[economy]] would collapse were all about. All this was - and remains - a tool in the information warfare, an attempt to put psychological pressure on Russian society...The European Union has completely lost its political sovereignty, and its [[bureaucrat]]ic elites are dancing to someone else’s tune, accepting whatever they are told from above, causing harm to their own population and their own economy.

"For a long time, the United States was a big food supplier in the world market. It was proud, and with good reason, of its achievements, its [[agriculture]] and farming traditions. By the way, this is an example for many of us, too. But today, America’s role has changed drastically. It has turned from a net exporter of [[food]] into a net importer. Loosely speaking, it is printing money and pulling commodity flows its way, buying food products all over the world.

"After claiming victory in the Cold War, the United States declared it was the messenger of God on Earth, who has no obligations, but only interests - and these interests are sacrosanct.....Such a detachment from reality, from the demands of [[society]], will inevitably lead to a surge of [[populism]] and the growth of radical movements, to serious social and economic changes, to degradation, and in the near future, to a change of elites."<ref>https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/eu-backs-ukraines-european-dream-putin-says-sanctions-cost-bloc-400bn-warns-fertilizer</ref>}}

====Meeting with State Duma leadership and heads of factions====
{{See also|NATO aggression in the Russia-Ukraine war}}
On July 7, 2022, President Putin met with a group of Russian State Duma parliamentarians to brief them on the Special Military Operation on the territory of Ukraine. In the course of the briefing, Putin noted:
{{quotebox-float|"They [the West] should have understood that they have already lost from the very beginning of our [[special military operation]], because its beginning means the beginning of a radical breakdown of the [[New World Order|World Order in the American way]]. This is the beginning of the transition from [[liberal]]-[[globalist]] American [[ego]]centrism to a truly multipolar world – a world based not on selfish rules invented by someone for themselves, behind which there is nothing but the desire for hegemony, not on [[hypocrisy|hypocritical]] [[double standard]]s, but on [[international law]], on the true [[sovereignty]] of peoples and [[civilization]]s, on their will to live their historical destiny, their [[values]] and [[tradition]]s and build cooperation on the basis of [[democracy]], [[justice]] and [[equality]]. And we must understand that this process can no longer be stopped.”<ref>[https://www.moonofalabama.org/2022/07/dysfunction.html?cid=6a00d8341c640e53ef02a30d436d48200b#comment-6a00d8341c640e53ef02a30d436d48200b Dysfunction]</ref>}}
====Remarks on the golden billion====
The '[[golden billion]]' has become a euphemism for the privileged population on the NATO states in North America and Europe, or what is sometimes called 'the collective West' which include [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]]. Speaking to the Strong Ideas for a New Time forum in Moscow on July 19, 2022, Putin said, "The model of the total dominance of the so-called golden billion is unjust...Why should this 'golden billion' among the planet's population dominate others, impose its own rules of conduct?...Based on the illusion of 'exclusivity', this model divides people into first and second class status, and is therefore racist and neo-colonial in its essence…And the [[globalist]], supposedly [[liberal]] ideology which underlies it, is increasingly acquiring the features of [[totalitarianism]], holding back creative pursuit and free historical creation...No matter how much [[the West]] and the supranational elite strive to preserve the existing order, a new era and a new stage in world history are coming. Only genuinely [[sovereign]] states are in a position to ensure a high growth dynamic and become a role model for others in terms of standards of living and quality of life, the protection of traditional values and high humanistic ideals, and development models where an individual is not a means, but the ultimate goal.”<ref>http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/69039</ref>

====10th Moscow Conference on International Security====
Addressing the 10th Moscow Conference on International Security on August 16, 2022, Putin observed: "Western globalist elites are provoking chaos by rekindling old and inciting new conflicts, implementing a policy of so-called containment, while in fact undermining any alternative, sovereign paths of development. Thus, they are desperately trying to preserve the hegemony and power that are slipping out of their grasp, trying to keep countries and peoples in the grip of a neo-colonial order. Any means are used. The United States and its vassals rudely interfere in the internal affairs of sovereign states by organizing provocations, [[coup d'état]] and civil wars. Threats, [[blackmail]] and pressure are resorted to in a bid to force independent states to submit to their will. The so-called collective West is purposefully destroying the European security system, putting together new military alliances. The NATO bloc is expanding East, building up its military infrastructure, deploying missile defense systems and increasing the strike capabilities of its offensive forces. Implementing the “anti-Russia” project, they turned a blind eye to the spread of neo-Nazi ideology, the massacres of the inhabitants of Donbass, while continuously pumping the Kiev regime with weapons, including heavy armaments....The United States has set the role of cannon fodder for Ukrainians, and the situation in Ukraine demonstrates that the United States is trying to prolong this conflict."

====Signing of treaties of accession of Donbas Republics speech====
The [[Ron Paul]] Institute described Putin's speech at the ceremony marking the treaties of accession for the Lugansk, Donetsk, Zaporozhye and Kherson as Russia playing "a leading role against the [[Deep State]] that ultimately runs the West and which uses all available tools - including military, economic, cultural, and social – in its attempt to preserve unipolar world domination....Putin’s scathing attack against the West is a multi-headed weapon as it rallied to the conservative segments of a population dismayed by globalism imposing a deeply disturbing agenda that goes against traditional views on family, marriage and sex, but it also has leftist tones, as his criticism also goes against the same globalism that is worsening wealth disparity, and even a libertarian appeal as he referred to the imposition of states of emergency, media control and sanctions on other societies as examples of Western made totalitarianism."<ref>http://www.ronpaulinstitute.org/archives/featured-articles/2022/october/05/vladimir-putin-s-battle-cry-against-the-deep-state/</ref> Putin noted:
{{quotebox-float|"Let me repeat that the dictatorship of the Western elites targets all societies, including the citizens of Western countries themselves. This is a challenge to all. This complete renunciation of what it means to be human, the overthrow of [[faith]] and traditional values, and the suppression of [[freedom]] are coming to resemble a “religion in reverse” – pure [[Satanism]]. Exposing false messiahs, [[Jesus Christ]] said in the [[Sermon on the Mount]]: “By their fruits ye shall know them.” These poisonous fruits are already obvious to people, and not only in our country but also in all countries, including many people in the West itself.

The world has entered a period of a fundamental, [[revolution]]ary transformation. New centres of power are emerging. They represent the majority – the majority! – of the international community. They are ready not only to declare their interests but also to protect them. They see in multipolarity an opportunity to strengthen their sovereignty, which means gaining genuine freedom, historical prospects, and the right to their own independent, creative and distinctive forms of development, to a harmonious process.

As I have already said, we have many like-minded people in Europe and the United States, and we feel and see their support. An essentially emancipatory, anti-colonial movement against unipolar hegemony is taking shape in the most diverse countries and societies. Its power will only grow with time. It is this force that will determine our future geopolitical reality.

Friends,

Today, we are fighting for a just and free path, first of all for ourselves, for Russia, in order to leave dictate and despotism in the past. I am convinced that countries and peoples understand that a policy based on the exceptionalism of whoever it may be and the suppression of other cultures and peoples is inherently criminal, and that we must close this shameful chapter. The ongoing collapse of Western hegemony is irreversible. And I repeat: things will never be the same.<ref>http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/69465</ref>}}

====Russian Energy Week forum====
Putin spoke at the plenary session of the Russian Energy Week International Forum on October 12, 2022. The topic of the panel discussion was Global Energy in a Multipolar World.
{{quotebox-float|"Such direct and transparent communication is essential now, when the global economy in general, the fuel and energy sector are in the middle of, let me be direct, an acute crisis due to unstable price dynamics of energy resources, an imbalance in supply and demand, and the overtly subversive actions of individual market participants, who are guided solely by their own geopolitical ambitions, resort to outright discrimination in the market, and if that does not work, they simply destroy the infrastructure of their competitors.

In this case, I am of course talking about the sabotage of the Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2 gas pipelines. There is no doubt that this is an act of international [[terrorism]], the purpose of which is to undermine the energy security of the entire continent. The logic is cynical: to destroy and block cheap energy sources, hence depriving millions of people, industrial consumers of gas, heat, electricity and other resources and forcing them to buy all this at much higher prices. Forcing.

The attack on the [[Nord Stream]]s has set an extremely dangerous precedent, which shows that any critical piece of transport, energy or communications infrastructure is under threat, regardless of its location, management or whether it lies on the seabed or on land....it was proven by the terrorist attack on the [[Crimean Bridge]] committed by [[Ukrainian intelligence]]. I have already said that the [[Kiev regime]] has long resorted to terrorist methods, organising political [[assassination]]s, ethnic purges and crackdowns on civilians....They do not stop at nuclear terrorism either, specifically the shelling of the [[Zaporizhzhya Nuclear Power Plant]], terrorist attacks near the Kursk Nuclear Power Plant in Russia and, of course, sabotage attempts against TurkStream....

And who stands behind the sabotage against the Nord Streams? Clearly, those who want to completely sever ties between Russia and the [[European Union]], to fully undermine and crush Europe’s political agency, weaken its industrial potential and seize the market. And, of course, those who – I want to stress it – have the technical capacity to organise such explosions and in fact have committed similar sabotage in the past and were caught red-handed but evaded punishment.

The beneficiaries are well known. I believe no specific details are necessary since the remaining gas systems will acquire greater geopolitical significance. They stretch across Poland (Yamal‒Europe), and Ukraine, the two pipelines that Russia once built with its own money. And, of course, the [[United States]], which will now be able to supply energy resources at high rates....

If we come to an agreement with the Europeans to supply gas through the surviving branch – and one branch of Nord Stream 2, apparently, has survived… Unfortunately, we are not allowed to help inspect this branch, but the pipeline is holding pressure. It might be damaged, but we do not know this, because as I have said, we are not allowed to inspect it, but there is pressure, which means, apparently, that it is in working order. Its capacity is 27.5 billion cubic metres per year, which is about 8 percent of Europe’s gas imports.

Russia is ready to begin deliveries. The ball is in the EU's court. If they want to, they can just turn on the tap and that is that. I repeat that we are not restricting anyone or anything, and are ready to supply additional volumes in the autumn and winter period....

the price difference between the spot market and long-term contracts is three- or four-fold. And who did it? Was it Russia? They did it themselves. In fact, they imposed this trading system on us. They have essentially forced Gazprom to shift, in part, to a link to the spot market, and now they are groaning. Well, it is their own fault.

It is clear how this problem of high rates will be solved. We have seen the same strategy being used with other commodity groups. They simply print more money. In the past year alone, the money supply in the EU has increased by around one trillion euros. The problem is what Europe is going to do with this money. Europe will, just like with other goods, including food, grab them and gas from the global market. As a result, other countries, especially developing countries, will have to overpay for these energy resources.

The resources that come to the European market are sold literally triple the price, as I have said, and this feeds [[inflation]]. It has already reached 10 percent in the euro zone. It is hitting ordinary Europeans as their electricity and gas bills have more than tripled over the past year. The European population is stocking up on wood for winter, like in the Middle Ages.

What does Russia have to do with it? They are constantly trying to blame others for their own mistakes, in this case Russia. I want to stress again that it is their own fault. It is not even a result of certain actions during the [[special military operation]] in Ukraine and [[Donbas]]s. Absolutely not. It is the result of years and years of bad energy policy. Years and years....

the leaders of some countries, their bureaucratic elites dismiss these obvious considerations, and, on someone else's command, are deliberately pursuing a policy of deindustrialising their countries, reducing people’s quality of life, which will certainly entail irreversible consequences....

The so-called [[neo-liberal]] ideologists of the West are known to have destroyed [[traditional values]] before, we all see. Now, they seem to have set their sights on [[free enterprise]] and private initiative....

We strongly believe that stability, balanced energy markets and a secure future for all nations can only be ensured through joint efforts in an open and honest dialogue based on the principles of joint responsibility and consideration for each other's national interests.

This is the kind of dialogue we have established with our partners under the [[OPEC]]+ agreement, as I have just mentioned. As you know, we recently reached the most recent agreements, which primarily reflect supply and demand trends for oil, as well as long-term investment programmes for the oil industry, which, as I have already said, is objectively underfunded....

Colleagues,

Russia is one of the key participants in the global energy market and among the world leaders in oil and gas production and exports, as well as electricity generation and coal mining.

Despite the sanctions and [[sabotage]] of infrastructure, we do not intend to cede our positions. We will continue to ensure stable energy security and expand ties with countries that are interested in this....

We could move the lost volume of transit through the Nord Stream pipelines along the bottom of the [[Baltic Sea]] to the [[Black Sea]] region and thus make Turkiye the main route for the supply of our fuel, our natural gas to Europe and create a major gas hub for Europe in Turkiye, if, of course, our partners are interested in seeing this happen. It is an economically viable project with much higher safety levels as can be seen from recent events....

Friends,

The global energy industry is now facing unprecedented challenges and problems. The short-sighted and erroneous actions by a number of Western countries have been pushing the international community into this situation for years – I have already mentioned this, and I think I was quite convincing.

Effective and constructive ways out of the situation should certainly be the subject of thorough, professional, and depoliticised discussions, including at Russian Energy Week.

I repeat: Russia is ready for a trust-based partnership in the energy sector that serves the interests of our countries’ sustainable development and their reliable access to affordable energy. And we know that this approach is shared by the overwhelming majority of our partners and countries around the world."<ref>http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/69584</ref>}}

====Comments on the Ukrainian nuclear dirty bomb====
On October 26, 2022, President Putin held a working meeting, via videoconference, with the permanent members of the Security Council of Russia. President Putin noted in that meeting:
{{quotebox-float|"Some countries have long been using the tactics of [[blackmail]], pressure and intimidation throughout the CIS space. In particular, attempts continue to be made to implement ‘[[color revolution]]’ scenarios, methods involving [[nationalism]] and [[extremism]] are employed, and armed conflicts, which directly threaten the security of all CIS members, are being stoked.

We can see the goals of those who are doing this in Ukraine, which has been made an instrument of [[US foreign policy]]. The country has actually lost its [[sovereignty]] and is being directly governed by the United States, which is using it as a battering ram against Russia, [[Belarus]], which is a member of our Union State, and the CSTO and the CIS in general.

At the same time, we can see the United States’ real attitude to its client states. Ukraine was almost immediately turned into a testing site for military biological experiments and is being flooded with weapons, including heavy weaponry, without any heed to the Kiev regime’s statements about its desire to obtain [[nuclear weapon]]s. The Kiev authorities have declared this desire publicly, but everyone keeps silent. We also know about their plans to use a so-called “[[dirty bomb]]” as a provocation.<ref>https://youtu.be/e3YWaIq0fFk</ref>}}

====2022 Valdai Club speech====
Addressing the 2022 Valdai Club Conference,<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TryhKTBBdBs Vladimir Putin Address at the Valdai International Discussion Club 2022]</ref> President Putin said:
{{quotebox-float|"Power over the world is what the West has put at stake in the game it plays...Western nations, which want to [[Hollywood values|impose their values]] and vision as universal, are robbing everyone, including themselves...First of all, this eradicates the creative potential of the West itself...There is a mercantile interest here too...Our adversaries, as I would call them, are trying to expand markets for their products...It’s ultimately as primitive as that...This game is certainly dangerous, bloody and I would call it dirty...Western nations deny others on the global scene the right to any kind of independence, be it political, economical or cultural...Last December [2021], Russia’s proposals to address its concerns about national security were “tossed aside” by [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]]...But in the modern world, sitting aside is hardly an option, the West can’t sit out the crises it caused...He who sows the wind will reap the whirlwind, as the proverb says”.}}

====Fundamentals of State Policy for the Preservation and Strengthening of Traditional Russian Spiritual and Moral Values====
On November 9, 2022, President Putin signed the decree “On Approval of the Fundamentals of State Policy for the Preservation and Strengthening of Traditional Russian Spiritual and Moral Values”,<ref>http://actual.pravo.gov.ru/text.html#pnum=0001202211090019</ref> wherein it declared:
{{quotebox-float|“The activities of [[extremist]] and [[terrorist]] organizations, certain [[mass media]] and mass communications, the actions of the [[United States of America]] and other unfriendly foreign states, a number of transnational corporations and foreign [[non-profit organization]]s, as well as the activities of certain organizations and individuals on the territory of Russia, pose a threat to [[traditional values]].

The [[ideological]] and [[psychological]] impact on [[citizen]]s leads to the planting of a system of ideas and values alien to the Russian people and destructive to Russian [[society]] (hereinafter referred to as destructive ideology), including the cultivation of selfishness, permissiveness, [[immoral]]ity, the denial of the ideals of [[patriotism]], service to the Fatherland, the natural continuation of life, values strong [[family]], [[marriage]], large families, creative [[work]], Russia's positive contribution to [[world history]] and [[culture]], the destruction of the traditional family through the promotion of non-traditional [[sexual]] relations.

The destructive ideological impact on the citizens of Russia is becoming a threat to the [[demographic]] situation in the country.

The activities of public legal entities, organizations and individuals that contribute to the spread of destructive ideology pose an objective threat to the national interests of the Russian Federation.”}}

====2023 News Year message====
{{quotebox-float|"It was a year of difficult, necessary decisions, major steps towards gaining the full sovereignty of Russia and the powerful consolidation of our society...The truly pivotal, fateful events of 2022 have become a milestone laying the foundation for the common future of Russians and their true independence...This is what we are fighting for today...It was a year that put a lot in its place, clearly separated courage and heroism from betrayal and cowardice, showed that there is no higher power than love for one’s family and friends, loyalty to friends and comrades, devotion to one's Fatherland...The West has been lying about peace for years, but in fact it was preparing for aggression:...And today it is openly admitting this, no longer embarrassed...They are cynically using Ukraine and its people to weaken and split Russia...The Western elites hypocritically assured of their peaceful intentions, including the settlement of the conflict in the Donbass, but in fact in every possible way encouraged the neo-Nazis...Russia's struggle for its interests and its future will become an inspiring example for other states in their striving for a fair multipolar world order”.<ref>https://youtu.be/eY7OnVctIPk</ref>}}

====Speech commemorating the 80th anniversary of victory at Stalingrad====
{{See also|Battle of Stalingrad}}
Vladimir Putin made a speech at the commemorative activities on the 80th anniversary of the defeat of the German forces by the Red Army in the Battle of Stalingrad.<ref>http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/70434</ref>
{{quotebox-float|"Unfortunately we see that the ideology of Nazism in its modern form and manifestation again directly threatens the security of our country. Again and again, we have to repel the aggression of the [[collective West]].... It's incredible, but it's a fact. We are again being threatened with [[German]] [[Leopard 2|Leopard tank]]s with [[Iron Cross]]es on them. Once again, they are preparing to battle Russia on Ukrainian soil at the hands of the followers of [[Hitler]] and [[Bandera]]....We know that despite the efforts of official, corrupt propaganda by an unfriendly Western elite, we have a lot of friends all around the world, including in [[America]], [[North America]] and [[Europe]].... Those who draw European countries, including Germany, into a new war with Russia, and even declare this as a done deal, those who are betting they will defeat Russia on the battlefield clearly don't understand that modern war with Russia will be quite different for them. We don't send our tanks to their borders, but we have the means to respond, and it won't end with the use of armored vehicles."<ref>https://youtu.be/l-2egU4YhZA</ref>}}

====2023 State of the Nation speech====
On February 21, 2023 Vladimir Putin delivered his globally televised State of the Nation speech for 2023 to the Federal Assembly highlighting in part the situation in NATO countries:
{{quotebox-float|"They can’t help but realize that it’s not possible to defeat Russia on the battlefield, and so they are carrying out ever-more aggressive information attacks against us. The chosen target is, first and foremost, our young people, the younger generations. And here again they lie constantly, distort historical facts, engage in non-stop attacks on our [[culture]], on the [[Russian Orthodox Church]], and other traditional religious organizations of our country.

Look at what they’re doing to their own peoples: the destruction of the [[family]], of cultural and national identity, perversions and abuses against [[children]], up to [[pedophilia]], are declared to the norm, the norm of their lives, while [[clergy]]men and [[priest]]s are forced to bless [[same-sex marriage]]s. Millions of people in the West have come to understand that they are being led to a real spiritual catastrophe, with their elites seemingly going mad, and it seems there is no cure. Moscow cannot allow its young people to fall victim to the kind of spiritual degradation and degeneration that has already befallen many Western countries.

But I would like to tell them: look, please forgive me, to the [[Holy Scripture]]s – the main texts of all of the world’s religions. Everything is explained there, including that a family is the union of a [[man]] and a [[woman]]. But even these holy texts are now being questioned. The [[Anglican Church]], for example, now plans, and for now only plans, to consider the idea of a [[gender-neutral]] God. What can we say here? “Father forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing”.<ref>[http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/70565 Presidential Address to Federal Assembly], February 21, 2023.</ref>}}

=== Views on abortion ===
Putin rejects any constitutional right to [[abortion]], as exists in the United States, but is not ready to ban abortion from [[Russia]] either. Instead, Putin has supported and enforced [[pro-life]] laws in Russian which would be invalidated by [[pro-abortion]] courts in the United States. In 2017, he said that he will allow societal (including church) views to guide him on the issue:<ref>[http://fortune.com/2017/12/14/vladimir-putin-russia-abortion-pro-choice-press-conference/ An article biased in favor of [[abortion]] but useful for its quotations]</ref>

:“In the modern world, the decision is up to the woman herself,” Putin said, and indicated that additional pro-life proposals “must be careful, considered and based on the general mood in society and the moral and ethical norms that have developed in society.”

Putin's "the decision" is an ambiguous phrase that could include the decision to have the pregnancy in the first place. Also, Putin is very pro-[[Russia]] and if thinks abortion is lowering the birth rate in a harmful way, then he could abolish it based on national interests.

===Views on wokism===

Putin told the Valdai Club in October 2021,<ref>https://www.rt.com/russia/538121-putin-children-swap-gender-monstrous/</ref>
[[File:Putin popularity.PNG|right|300px|thumb|Vladimir Putin's Popularity rating rose to 83% during the Russia-Ukraine war.<ref>https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/russia-ukraine-latest-news-2022-03-30/card/putin-s-approval-rating-jumps-after-invasion-poll-shows-fm8f4uSdiVfTxORQOE0v</ref>]]
{{quotebox-float|"We see with bemusement the process unfolding in countries that have grown accustomed to viewing themselves as the flagships of [[Progressive|progress]]. Of course it's none of our business what is happening - the social and cultural shocks that are happening in some Western countries. Some believe that aggressive blotting out of whole pages of your own history, and the requirement to renounce the traditional interpretation of such basic values as mother, father, family, and the distinction between sexes are a milestone towards a renewal of society...we have a different point of view. We believe, at least the overwhelming majority of Russian society, that we need to rely on our own spiritual values and our historical traditions.

On the culture of our multi-ethnic nation, the proponents of so-called 'social progress' believe that they are bringing a new consciousness to humanity. Something that is [[political correctness|more correct]]...The recipes they come up with are nothing new. Paradoxical as it may seem, but this is something we saw in Russia. It happened in our country before and after the [[October Revolution|1917 Revolution]]. The [[Bolshevik]]s followed the dogmas of [[Marx]] and [[Engels]]. And they also declared that they were going to change the traditional lifestyle, the political, the economic lifestyle, as well as the very notion of [[morality]], the basic principles. Fully, healthy society they were trying to destroy, century-long values. Revisiting the relationship between people. They were encouraging informing on one's own beloved and families. It was hailed as "the March of Progress" and it was very [[Popular Front|popular across the world]]. And it was supported by many.

As we see it is happening right now. Incidentally, the Bolsheviks were absolutely intolerant of other opinions different from their own. I think this should remind you of something that is happening...it is with puzzlement that we see the practices Russia used to have, and that we left behind... The fight for equality and against discrimination turns into an aggressive dogmatism on the brink of absurdity. When great authors of the past such as [[Shakespeare]] are no longer taught in
schools and universities because they did not understand the importance of gender or race.

And [[Hollywood]]. There are leaflets reminding what you should do in the films - how many personalities and actors you've got, what kind of color, what sex, and sometimes it's even stricter than what the Department of Propaganda of the Soviet Communist Party Central Committee did. And the fight against racism, which is a lofty goal, turns into [[cancel culture]] and reverse discrimination. Racism in reverse. It tears people apart. Whereas the true fighters for [[civil rights]], they were trying to eliminate those differences....[[Martin Luther King]] said "I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character." That is a true value. ...in Russia, most of our Republics simply do not care what skin color you have. He or she, that's not that important, because each and every one of us is a human being. That's the most important thing.

The discussion about the rights of men and women has turned into a total phantasmagoria in a number of Western countries...Those who risk saying that men and women still exist, and that this is a biological fact, are virtually ostracized...And this is not new...In the 1920s, Soviet culture-warriors invented a so-called ‘[[newspeak]]’, believing that in this way they would create a new sense of consciousness and redefine people’s values...This is not to mention things that are simply monstrous, like when children are taught from an early age that a boy can easily become a girl and vice versa...In fact, they are indoctrinating them into the alleged choices that are supposedly available to everyone – removing parents from the equation and forcing the child to make decisions that can ruin their lives...This is borderline crime against humanity - all under the guise of "progress."<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g6sIZ8-C1vw</ref>}}

=== Views on communism and the Soviet Union ===
[[File:Solzhenitsyn and Putin.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Russian President Vladimir Putin presents [[human rights]] activist [[Alexander Solzhenitsyn]] with an award. Solzhenitsyn set in motion the movement that toppled Soviet communism.]]
Putin famously said, "Whoever does not miss the Soviet Union has no heart. Whoever wants it back has no brain."<ref>https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/vladimir_putin_452527</ref>

Putin has before called the [[Bolshevik]]s traitors for Russia's defeat in the First World War.<ref>https://www.rt.com/politics/putin-accuses-bolsheviks-treason-877/</ref> However, he has also expressed that "[he] liked Communist and socialist ideas very much and [he] like[s] them still." and compared the Soviet code of conduct to the [[Bible]].<ref>http://www.newsweek.com/russias-putin-says-he-always-liked-communist-socialist-ideas-419289</ref><ref>https://pjmedia.com/faith/tyler-o-neil/2018/01/17/putin-soviet-communism-is-very-similar-to-christianity-party-rules-are-a-bible-excerpt-n101328</ref> Putin also has compared communism with Christianity.<ref>Newman, Alex (January 16, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/asia/item/28051-communism-very-similar-to-christianity-putin-claims Communism “Very Similar” to Christianity, Putin Claims]. ''The New American''. Retrieved January 17, 2018.</ref> Putin has been accused by Western media of embracing the tactics of Soviet dictator [[Joseph Stalin]].<ref>https://www.latimes.com/world/europe/la-fg-russia-stalin-model-20150611-story.html</ref> In addition, he implies in an interview with [[Larry King]] dated September 8, 2000 that his Christianity isn't actually sincere by stating in Russian that he "believes in the power of man" or "I believe in human beings." Though a few years later, his faith became more genuine.<ref>https://www.quora.com/Is-Vladimir-Putin-personally-religious</ref> Furthermore, around October 2017, he hosted the 19th World Festival of Youth and Students Communist event and gave a speech that strongly implied that he adhered to Communism.<ref>http://www.trevorloudon.com/2017/10/non-communist-putin-opens-major-international-communist-youth-festival/</ref><ref>http://www.trevorloudon.com/2017/07/russia-to-host-major-international-communist-youth-festival-on-putins-instructions/</ref>

Since passage of Sen. [[John McCain]]'s [[Magnitsky Act]], also known as the Russia sanctions bill which was signed into law by [[Barack Obama]] in an attempt to cripple the Russian Federation, Russia has been driven back into competition with the [[military-industrial complex]] It has provided arms and materiel to various communist groups, including [[Angola]], and has voiced a desire to reconnect with Latin America shortly before the FSLN regained power in Nicaragua and has supported [[Nicaragua]] via foreign aid, shipping tanks, and even posting a GLONASS tracking station on the Caribbean coast, alongside similar arming of North Korea.<ref>https://westernfreepress.com/is-vladimir-putin-a-communist/</ref><ref>https://www.trevorloudon.com/2017/12/is-vladimir-putin-a-communist/</ref> Putin is a close ally of the [[Venezuela]]'s Marxist Dictator [[Nicolás Maduro]] which he defends internationally.<ref>https://www.dw.com/es/la-alianza-estrat%C3%A9gica-de-maduro-y-putin/a-46618225</ref><ref>https://www.infobae.com/america/venezuela/2019/06/06/vladimir-putin-volvio-a-respaldar-a-maduro-y-dijo-que-sus-asesores-militares-cumpliran-las-obligaciones-de-rusia-en-venezuela/</ref> He also indicated that he still keeps his KGB card while citing his contemporaries within the KGB had discarded theirs after the USSR's fall.<ref>https://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/patrick-goodenough/putin-his-communist-party-membership-card-i-still-keep-it-home</ref>

=== Views on Islam ===
In January 2018 Putin said that "[t]raditional Islam is an integral part of the Russian cultural code". He also vowed to support Islamic religious education.<ref>https://themoscowtimes.com/news/putin-calls-for-revival-of-islamic-education-in-russia-60276</ref>

Putin has openly endorsed the right of the Chechen people to cultural hegemony in the Chechen Federated Republic of the Russian Federation under [[Ramzan Kadyrov]].<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2016/03/26/putin-insists-on-russian-law-in-chechnya-while-supporting-muslim-president/</ref> Kadyrov has de facto established Islamic rule in the region and was condemned by the international community for slaughtering gay citizens.<ref>https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/chechnya-ramzan-kadyrov-gay-citizens-massacre-chechen-leader-do-not-exist-russia-vladimir-putin-a7675906.html</ref> Chechen authorities have imposed a compulsory Islamic dresscode for women.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-12705300</ref>

==Criticism==
According to Western [[propaganda]] sources, "Putin's Russia is an authoritarian system, with restricted capitalism, a rubber stamp parliament, compliant media, imprisoned or exiled oligarchs, harassed NGOs, marginalized pro-Western democratic parties, and a foreign policy based on confronting [[Western]] hypocrisy, double standards, and cultural decadence, all based on money from oil and gas."<ref>[https://www.forbes.com/sites/melikkaylan/2016/09/20/putin-brings-back-the-kgb-as-russia-moves-from-authoritarian-to-totalitarian/#48e4a416398a</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-32860526]</ref> Corporate media television host Sean Hannity claims that Putin is a thug and a "bad actor" who cannot be trusted.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/transcript/2018/02/16/hannity-examining-key-points-from-russian-indictments.html Hannity: Examining key points from Russian indictments]</ref>

Putin critics allege many political opponents have been "[[Jeffrey Epstein|Epsteined]]" or [[Arkancide]]d. However many of his countrymen credit Putin with cleaning up [[corruption]], particularly among [[Western alliance|Western]] [[oligarch]]s and looters. [[Robert Kraft]], an [[NFL]] plantation master<ref>https://bleacherreport.com/articles/10016725-colin-kaepernick-compares-nfl-combine-to-slavery-in-colin-in-black-and-white</ref> who was arrested on a morals charge in [[Florida]], accused Putin of stealing Kraft's [[Super Bowl]] ring. Putin responded that Kraft gave it to him as a gift.

==Quotes==
*"Anyone who doesn't regret the passing of the Soviet Union has no heart. Anyone who wants it restored has no brains."<ref>Parfitt, Tom (December 23, 2007). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/dec/23/russia.tomparfitt Spy who came in from the cold]. ''The Guardian''. Retrieved September 15, 2018.</ref>

*“Either they don't understand what they are doing to their own country, in which case they are simply stupid, or they understand everything in which case they are dangerous and corrupt.”<ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-putin/putin-offers-transcript-to-prove-trump-did-not-pass-russia-secrets-idUSKCN18D1EA</ref>

*“I think all sober-minded people who really are involved in politics understand that the idea of a Russian threat to, for example, the Baltics is complete madness. Are we really about to fight NATO? How many people are there in the NATO countries? About 600 million, correct? There are 146 million people in Russia. Yes, we're the biggest nuclear power. But do you really think that we're about to conquer the Baltics using nuclear weapons? What is this madness?”

*If nukes head towards Russia we are going to Paradise, but they won't have time to repent."<ref>https://youtu.be/YeNwyVG8Egs</ref>

*"Hitler tried to destroy Russia. Everyone needs to remember how that ended."

*"If you try to bite Russia, we'll knock your teeth out."

*"[[Berlusconi]] is being tried because he lives with women. If he were homosexual, no one would lift a finger against him."<ref>https://www.azquotes.com/quote/1202445</ref>

*"There is also the so-called [[liberal]] idea, which has outlived its purpose. Our Western partners have admitted that some elements of the liberal idea, such as [[multiculturalism]], are no longer tenable."<ref>https://www.ft.com/video/a49cfa25-610e-438c-b11d-5dac19619e08</ref>

*"Parent number one' and 'parent number two': 'birth parent' instead of 'mother', banning the use of the phrase 'breast milk' and replacing it with 'human milk' so that people who are insecure about their gender will not be upset...This is nothing new...In the 1920s the Soviet so-called ''kulturträgers'' also invented the so-called ‘[[newspeak]]’, proposing that in this way they could create a new consciousness and change society's values”.<ref>https://loveexpands.com/quotes/vladimir-putin-1324586/</ref>

*"We all hear about the so-called ‘Putin price hike’ in the West. When I see this, I wonder who they expect would buy this stupidity – people who cannot read or write, maybe. Anyone literate enough to read would understand what is actually happening. - Vladimir Putin, June 17, 2022.

*"First, they [the West] jumped ahead, and then, after cutting off Russian gas supplies, returned to everything that was reviled...And if you jump ahead, get cheap Russian gas, and then cut off the supply of this gas yourself and immediately switch back to everything that was previously condemned, including [[coal]]-fired generation, this, of course, is not the best option for solving global problems”. - September 5, 2022.

*"I have the impression – and this is particularly true for European countries – that these former colonial powers are still living in the paradigm of colonial philosophy, and they are used to living at the expense of others. They still fail to get rid of this paradigm in their daily policies. But it is time to draw certain conclusions and act differently, in a more civilised manner." - September 16, 2022.<ref>http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/press_conferences/69366</ref>

*"The cost of food on the world market has returned to the levels of the beginning of the year, and it is currently 40 percent higher than in 2020...This is a direct consequence - without any exaggeration - of the predatory policy pursued by the world’s richest countries, which continue to actively buy food using, among other things, the printing of money, which they are constantly carrying out.”

*"There’s a lot of noise right now about our strikes against the energy infrastructure of the neighboring country...Yes we are doing it, but who started it?...Who struck the [[Crimean bridge]]?...Who blew up the power lines of the Kursk Nuclear Power Station?...Who is not providing water to Donetsk?...Not providing water to a city of one million is an act of genocide...No one said a word about it anywhere...At all...Complete silence...Just as we make a move, do something in response...Noise and crackle start from the whole universe...This will not stop us from completing military objectives.”

*"Now they are persistently trying to convince you that all your difficulties are the result of some hostile actions of Russia, that you have to pay for the fight against the mythical Russian threat from your own wallet. All this is a lie. And the truth is that the current problems that millions of people in [[the West]] face are the result of many years of actions by the ruling [[elitism|elites]] of their states, their mistakes, myopia and ambitions. Well, how can this be printed in the West?”

*“Artificial intelligence is the future, not only for Russia, but for all humankind. It comes with colossal opportunities, but also threats that are difficult to predict. Whoever becomes the leader in this sphere will become the ruler of the world.”

*"Let me repeat: we did not start the military activities, we are trying to end them...They started the war...For eight years, that war continued – a war to exterminate people who live there, who feel themselves related by blood to Russia and Russian culture...How long were we supposed to tolerate that?”

*"Russia’s ethnic and cultural diversity is an all-conquering force that many people outside the country fail to grasp...Our nation was built on the value of multinational harmony...It’s the most important foundation of our consolidation, which only becomes stronger in the face of foreign pressure and threats...Our adversaries are people with neocolonial thinking, dimwits in fact, who do not understand that this diversity makes us stronger...When they talk about us, they think about themselves and imagine that we are like them...They say Russia has to be partitioned into dozens of small states...The goal is clear – to subjugate them, exploit them and use them for profit...But attempts by these morons to sow discord within Russia are doomed to failure.”

*"What is happening now in Ukraine will never suit Russia. In Russia there will never be anything neo-Nazi."

*“I have many friends since childhood who are Jewish. They say that Zelensky is not a Jew, he is a disgrace to the Jewish people...I’m not joking, this is not irony...The current Ukrainian authorities openly celebrate Nazi figures, most notably [[Stepan Bandera]], a Ukrainian nationalist who collaborated with the [[Third Reich]] during World War II...Out of six million Jews killed during the [[Holocaust]], 1.5 million were from Ukraine, with Ukrainian nationalists heavily involved in mass executions...However, nobody wants to hear about Bandera being an [[anti-Semite]], because Zelensky himself is a Jew...But with his actions, he provides cover for this scum.”

==See also==
* [[Dmitri Medvedev]]
* [[Crisis in Ukraine]]
* [[Russophobia]]
* [[Oleg Deripaska]]
* [[Yelena Baturina]]

==Further reading==
* Baker, Peter, and Susan Glasser. ''Kremlin Rising: Vladimir Putin's Russia and the End of Revolution'' (2nd ed. 2007); [https://www.amazon.com/Kremlin-Rising-Vladimir-Revolution-Updated/dp/1597971227/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256923460&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Goldman, Marshall I. ''Petrostate: Putin, Power, and the New Russia'' (2008) [https://www.amazon.com/Petrostate-Putin-Power-New-Russia/dp/0195340736/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256915128&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]
* Lucas, Edward. ''The New Cold War: Putin's Russia and the Threat to the West'' (2009) [https://www.amazon.com/New-Cold-War-Putins-Russia/dp/0230614345/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256915128&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Stuermer, Michael. ''Putin and the Rise of Russia'' (2009)
* Wegren, Stephen K., and Dale R. Herspring, eds. ''After Putin's Russia: Past Imperfect, Future Uncertain'' (4th ed. 2009) [https://www.amazon.com/After-Putins-Russia-Imperfect-Uncertain/dp/0742557855/ref=tmm_pap_title_0 excerpt and text search]
* Poleev, Andrej. [https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4621093 Putinism: A Phenomenological and Prototypical Investigation.] (2012-2021).

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://putin.kremlin.ru/ Official Putin Website]
* [http://kremlin.ru/ Official President of Russia Website]
* [[David Horowitz|Horowitz, David]], [http://frontpagemag.com/2013/frontpagemag-com/putin-and-the-shadow-of-the-kgb-on-the-glazov-gang/ Putin and the shadow of the KGB on the Glazov Gang], Sherman Oaks, [[California]]: [http://www.frontpagemag.com/about/ David Horowitz Freedom Center], Published April 5, 2013.
*[https://youtu.be/cMFIWBQB1kE WATCH and LISTEN: Putin Sings Russian National Anthem With 130,000 People!] (Subtitles and lyrics in closed captioning)
*[https://youtu.be/8X7Ng75e5gQ Vladimir Pozner: How the United States Created Vladimir Putin], YaleUniversity, Oct. 2, 2018. YouTube
*[https://youtu.be/wJ_v01xAESg Operation Liberation: In-depth look at the special operation in Ukraine | DIG DEEP DOCUMENTARY], Jun 5, 2022. youtube.com
*[https://youtu.be/7sQv16oIu9c Putin 'not a bluff' speech]
*[https://youtu.be/6PR3m0FU8UQ PUTIN Is Our Everything. Literally. Do U Want To Know What Inside Putin's Mind? Experience PUTIN AI].
*[https://claremontreviewofbooks.com/portrait-of-power/ Portrait of Power: Demystifying Vladimir Putin], by Sean McMeekin, Claremont Review of Books, summer 2022 essays.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Putin, Vladimir}}

[[Category:Current Heads of State]]
[[Category:Russian People]]
[[Category:Russian Political People]]
[[Category:Orthodox Christians]]
[[Category:Men]]
[[Category:Nationalists]]
[[Category:Pro-Life]]

Vladimir Putin

2023-07-16T04:11:34Z

Aidanram0:

{{Officeholder
|name=Vladimir Putin
|image=Putin I'm not bluffing.PNG
|party=[[United Russia]]
|offices=|offices={{Officeholder/president
|country=Russia
|number=2nd and 4th
|terms=December 31, 1999 – May 7, 2008 (first) May 7, 2012 – (second)
|vp=[[Dmitry Medvedev]]
|preceded=[[Boris Yeltsin]] (First term), Dmitry Medvedev (Second term)
|succeeded
}}
|religion=[[Russian Orthodox]]
}}
'''Dr. Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin, Ph.D.''' ([[Russian language|Russian]]: Владимир Владимирович Путин) (born October 7, 1952) affectionately know as '''Uncle Vova''', is the [[Christian]] socially [[conservative]] president of the [[Russian Federation]], a position he has held since 2012, after serving as prime minister since May 8, 2008, and previously serving as [[president]] since December 31, 1999<ref>[[Boris Yeltsin]] resigned from the presidency on that day, and Putin was later elected president by 54% of the electorate on March 26, 2000.</ref> Putin holds a doctorate in [[economics]] focusing on energy and particulallry the field of oil and gas.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250171761_The_Putin_Thesis_and_Russian_Energy_Policy</ref> Long targeted by [[globalism|globalists]], Putin was the subject of a controversial and scandalous [[International Criminal Court]] arrest warrant issued by it in March 2023.<ref>https://www.wnd.com/2023/03/international-criminal-court-hits-putin-arrest-warrant/?utm_source=izooto&utm_medium=push_notification&utm_campaign=ICC_hits_Putin_with_arrest_warrant</ref> The legitimacy of the International Criminal Court by law is not recognized by the United States and several of its allies.

Putin has been accused of running the Russian Federation in much the same manner as [[Bill Clinton]] and [[Hillary Clinton]] have been criticized for running the state of [[Arkansas]] and the [[United States]] government - taking money from [[corrupt]] [[oligarch]]s and eliminating political opponents and [[journalist]]s. Like [[Joe Biden]], Putin has been criticized for using [[law enforcement]] to harass political opponents.

Vladimir Putin's decision in February 2022 to commit troops to the [[Ukraine]] was precedented by the [[Bush Doctrine]] of preventative war, the UN sanctioned doctrine of R2P (Responsibility to Protect), as articulated by [[Samantha Power]] during the 2011 [[Libyan war]] and the 1998 Clinon incursion into [[Kosovo]], to protect civilians in the [[Donbas]] region who had endured eight years of atrocities by the U.S.-backed [[Maidan coup|Maidan regime]] which was preparing a large scale military action against Russian-speaking civilians in early 2022,<ref>https://www.anews.com.tr/world/2021/12/01/russia-ukraine-has-deployed-half-of-its-army-to-donbass-conflict-zone</ref> and Article 51 of the United Nations Charter which allows for collective security arrangements. According to the Biden regime, Vladimir Putin sabotaged the production of baby milk formula in the [[United States]] in 2021, more than year in advance of the US and EU imposed [[Russian sanctions]].<ref>https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2022/5/14/2097914/--All-roads-lead-to-Putin-even-if-baby-formula-might-be-more-important-than-bombs</ref>

Despite Western [[propaganda]] and [[CIA]]/[[National Endowment for Democracy]]/[[Open Society]] meddling in the internal affairs of Russia with calls for an uprising to overthrow Vladimir Putin, more than 1 million people turned out in the streets of [[Moscow]] for the 2022 [[Victory Day]] celebrations of the Immortal Regiment for which Vladimir Putin was the featured honored speaker.<ref>https://videopress.com/v/KnJnf4eu</ref> The [[Islamophobic]] racist and CIA puppet, [[Alexander Navalny]] has about 0.5% name recognition inside Russia, despite US and Western propaganda that he could be a alternative stooge president of Russia controlled by [[the West]]. Navalny has since been convicted of acting as an agent of a foreign power.

Putin had increased Russia's stature in international affairs despite its underrated economic position.<ref>Seib, Gerald F. (May 6, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/putin-punches-above-his-weight-11557150000 Putin Punches Above His Weight]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 7, 2019.</ref> As a result of the economic sanctions leveled against Putin, he was booted out of the [[World Economic Forum]].<ref>https://twitter.com/teddyfenton1/status/1498792512772784128|</ref> As of March 2022 however, Putin still maintained a [[Twitter]] account, although not very often used. According to Kremlin press spokesman Dmitry Peskov, Putin considers it dishonest to allow staff and media consultants to script Twitter messages in his name.<ref>https://thefederalist.com/2022/03/04/after-banning-trump-for-denouncing-violence-twitter-lets-putin-keep-his-account/</ref>

A baptized Russian Orthodox [[Christian]] who quotes the [[Bible]],<ref>https://www.libertynation.com/why-vladimir-putin-quotes-the-bible/ (analyzing with skepticism Putin's quote of [[Scriptures]]).</ref> Putin leads the increasingly [[conservative]] Russia against the [[homosexual agenda]], [[transgenderism]], and towards the [[pro-life]] side. [[Abortion]] and other [[leftist]] values had virtually wiped out natural population growth in [[Soviet]] times, and left an indelible scar on [[culture]]. Liberals criticize Putin and [[Russia]] because they disagree with him on social issues. [[Obama]] even refused to attend the Winter Olympic games held in Russia in 2014. Putin has also criticized liberal values as "against nature" and out of touch with a more traditional population. While President Putin continues his pro-Chrisitan, anti-globalist policies, mainstream media would rather praise Ukrainian war criminal Zelensky than him. <ref>Multiple references:
*Isachenkov, Vladimir (June 29, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/401b6cfd5b9c4a619851196410bc5814 Putin says liberalism ‘eating itself,’ migrant influx wrong]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
*Calicchio, Dom (June 28, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/putin-liberal-values-obsolete-people-in-west-prefer-traditional-values Putin: Liberal values ‘obsolete,’ people in West prefer ‘traditional’ values]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
*[https://in.reuters.com/article/russia-putin-europe-values/russias-putin-says-liberal-values-are-obsolete-idINKCN1TS2VB Russia's Putin says liberal values are obsolete - FT]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
*[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-48795764 Putin: Russian president says liberalism 'obsolete']. ''BBC News''. June 28, 2019. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
*[https://www.rferl.org/a/putin-tells-ft-the-liberal-idea-has-become-obsolete-/30026237.html Putin Tells FT: 'The Liberal Idea Has Become Obsolete']. ''Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty''. Retrieved June 29, 2019.</ref> Putin may privately seek to issue a new era of [[Orthodox Christian|Orthodox]] [[Christendom]] with [[Moscow]] as the Third Rome. Under this view, Moscow would succeed [[Constantinople]] as the center of Orthodoxy after nearly 1,700 years.

Putin was invited to speak at Keren Heyesod's annual gathering in 2019,<ref>http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/61546</ref> and in 2020 [[Israel]] invited him to participate in the “Remembering The Holocaust: Fighting Anti-Semitism” forum.<ref>http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/62646</ref> Former Prime Minister Bennett praised him in October 2021 as “a very close and true friend of the State of Israel.”<ref>https://archive.is/xQewW</ref>

{|class="infobox" style="float:right; font-size:85%; width:1ex; line-height:17px; margin: 0px 0px 5px 50px" cellpadding="1"
|[[File:Zelensky transvestism.PNG|410px]]
|[[File:Putin and Zelensky.png|300px]]
|-
|colspan="3"|<hr/>(Second from left) Actor, puppet, cocaine addict and [[commander-in-chief]] of Ukrainian armed forces [[Volodymyr Zelensky]], chest exposed, tight leather pants, wearing high heels depicted as the "modern [[Churchill]]" in Western [[psyops]];<ref>[https://youtu.be/AN1OGKKC_ic President Zelensky of Ukraine Crossdressing / Dancing in Drag]</ref> (right) President Vladimir Putin receives intelligence briefing on the person, character, and business connections of Volodymyr Zelensky.
|}
==Background==
Putin was born in [[Leningrad]] on [[October]] 7, 1952. His parents were survivors the [[Siege of Leningrad]], however his 1-year-old brother, Igor, was not, and is buried along with 500,000 other victims in a public park. Putin's father had six brothers, and five of them died in the war. Some of his mother's relatives were also killed in the conflict. Putin said that his parents had no hatred for the German soldiers. “How can anyone hate those soldiers? They were ordinary people and they also died in battle....They are laborers, just like us. They were sent to the front too,” his mother told him.<ref>https://www.rbth.com/politics/2015/05/07/vladimir_putin_reveals_familys_wwii_ordeals_in_magazine_article_45805.html</ref>

Putin writes of his father during the war,
{{quotebox-float|"he works in a military enterprise, where the so-called "armor" exempts from conscription. But he wrote a statement about joining the party, and then another statement - that he wanted to go to the front. They sent him to a sabotage detachment of the [[NKVD]]. It was a small detachment. He said that there were 28 people there, they were thrown into the near rear to carry out sabotage acts. Blowing up bridges, railway tracks... But they were ambushed almost immediately. Someone betrayed them. They came to one village, then left there, and when they returned after a while, the [[fascist]]s were already waiting for them there. They chased him through the woods, and he survived because he climbed into the swamp and sat in the swamp for several hours and breathed through the reeds.... he told me that a German was at the head of their group. At the same time, a Soviet citizen. But he's German....a couple of years ago, a file was brought to me from the archives of the Ministry of Defense on this group....List of groups, surnames, first names, patronymics and brief characteristics. Yes, 28 people. And led by a German. All as my father said. Of the 28 men, four crossed the front line back to ours. 24 died.<ref>https://ruspioner.ru/cool/m/single/4655</ref>}}

According to a made-for-television documentary entitled, ''The second baptism of Rus'', Putin told a personal story how his mother had him secretly baptized in the Russian Orthodox church as his father, who was a member of the Communist Party organization in the factory where he worked, would have faced serious problems.<ref>https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2013/07/23/putin-christened-in-secret-from-his-father-a26057</ref> Putin was a [[judo]] champion in his youth.<ref>http://nypost.com/2013/11/13/vladimir-putin-is-tougher-than-chuck-norris/</ref> He was educated in law and economics at Leningrad State University before being assigned to work in the [[KGB]].<ref>[http://en.putin.kremlin.ru/ Webpage of Vladimir Putin]</ref> After five years in [[East Germany]], he took up various political positions before becoming [[prime minister]] in 1999.
[[File:Vladtheimpaler.jpg|thumb|200px|Putin at an conference]]
He was married to Lyudmila Putina, a former stewardess with Aeroflot, from July 28, 1983, until 2014, when the two divorced. They have two daughters.

The legend of Putin began the night of the [[Fall of the Wall]] in Germany. Putin was stationed in the consulate in [[Dresden]]. A mob had raided the [[East German]] [[Stasi]] headquarters and moved on to the Soviet consulate. In the chaos, communication with [[Moscow]] was cut off. Putin, acting alone without instructions and armed only with a pistol, stared down the mob and told them if they took one more step, they would be shot. The mob retreated and returned to continue pillaging the Stasi headquarters.

As the 1990s progressed, Western [[capital]] and corporate raiders flooded into Russia to buy up Soviet assets at bargain basement prices. Prior to the collapse, Soviet enterprises did not operate on the profit motive and received government subsidies, keeping outmoded factories and industries alive while operating at a loss to keep workers employed. When the subsidies and transfers of wealth perished with the Soviet government, the country fell into a deep recession. People were not very enamored toward the transition to capitalism as foreign investors took control of the nation's economy.<ref>In a review of ''New York Times'' reporter Anne Williamson's book, ''Contagion: The Betrayal of Liberty -- Russia and the United States in the 1990s'', Paul Likoudis writes: "According to the [[socialist]] theoreticians at [[Harvard]], Russia needed to be brought into the [[New World Order]] in a hurry; and what better way to do it than [Jeffrey] Sachs' "shock therapy" -- a plan that empowered the degenerate, third-generation descendants of the original [[Bolshevik]]s by assigning them the deeds of Russia's mightiest state-owned industries -- including the giant gas, oil, electrical, and telecommunications industries, the world's largest paper, iron, and steel factories, the world's richest gold, silver, diamond, and platinum mines, automobile and airplane factories, etc. -- who, in turn, sold some of their shares of the properties to Westerners for a song, and pocketed the cash, while retaining control of the companies.

These third-generation Bolsheviks -- led by former [[Pravda]] hack Yegor Gaidar, grandson of a Bolshevik who achieved prominence as the [[Young mass murders|teenage mass murderer]] of [[White Army]] officers, now heads the Moscow-based Institute for Economies in Transition -- became instant millionaires (or billionaires) and left the Russian workers virtual slaves of them and their new foreign investors." [https://www.blacklistednews.com/HOW_CLINTON_AND_COMPANY_AND_THE_BANKERS_PLUNDERED_RUSSIA_IN_THE_%2790S/48111/0/38/38/Y/M.html HOW CLINTON AND COMPANY AND THE BANKERS PLUNDERED RUSSIA IN THE '90s], Paul Likoudis, January 2, 2016</ref> As in the Dresden incident, Putin's reputation of instinctively standing up to foreign intruders in defense of his country propelled his political rise.

Putin became the brunt of much globalist snarling, typically answered with the words of Barack Obama, "The 80s are calling. They want their foreign policy back".<ref>https://www.salon.com/2012/10/23/obama_the_80s_called_they_want_their_foreign_policy_back/</ref> Putin is known for his quick-witted sense of humor.
===Domestic policy===
A [[Christian]] himself, Putin governs a nation that is rapidly becoming more Christian and more [[conservative]], and his snubbing of [[liberal]] [[Obama]] in May 2012 suggests that Putin is well aware of how conservative his country is becoming. On social issues and taxation, Russia under Putin is more conservative today than the [[Western Europe]].

In terms of achievements, Putin has successfully opposed the [[homosexual agenda]] and has supported [[pro-life]] reforms. He has also stabilized the Russian economy and restored Russia's national pride, largely by politically exploiting the financial windfall of Europe's need for Russian oil and gas. Russians were enthusiastic that he ended the social chaos that followed the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the subsequent pell-mell privatization of the state-owned economy. Many Russians have been mesmerized by the new glitter of Moscow and the restored glamour of St. Petersburg. Russia's revived self-pride follows the humiliation of the chaos after 1991 and the incompetence of his predecessor [[Boris Yeltsin]]. Russians have a long history of authoritarian governments and a strong distaste for anarchy. They have little experience with freedom. The Russian mafia, which is more sophisticated than its counterparts elsewhere, controls more than 40 percent of the total economy. Their control is thought to be even greater in certain areas, such as banking, real estate, and consumer markets.<ref>[http://www.worldbank.org/html/prddr/trans/janfeb97/art4.htm Louise I. Shelley, ''The Price Tag of Russia's Organized Crime'']</ref> In November 2014, Putin started allowing his citizens to own concealed firearms for self-defense, but under certain restrictions.<ref>https://www.rt.com/news/206703-russia-guns-self-defense/</ref> Russia under Putin made it illegal for foreigners without a permit to preach, and banned cults that are harmful to families (Jehovah's Witnesses and Scientology engage in family shunning while Falun Gong, whose founder lives in a luxurious property, prevents family members from seeking medical treatment).<ref>http://forum18.org/archive.php?article_id=2197s</ref> Not having a permit is why a Baptist pastor got heavily fined.<ref>http://www.christianpost.com/news/russia-persecution-christians-intensifies-putin-cant-be-trusted-experts-warn-184255/</ref> Like many parts of Europe, blasphemy against the church is also illegal.<ref>http://www.aif.ru/society/law/delo_est_a_boga_net_za_chto_na_samom_dele_sudyat_viktora_krasnova?fbclid=IwAR2bypeUccKIaU4-J0V-Ybe4pl0EsUK32g4EaItpB8pdJ_ZQ5SYS37lh7dU</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/03/russian-atheist-faces-year-in-jail-for-denying-existence-of-god-during-webchat</ref>

In May 2019, Putin signed a bill into law ordering the creation of "a national internet network that would be able to operate independently from the rest of the world."<ref>Gstalter, Morgan (May 2, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/441751-putin-signs-controversial-internet-law Putin signs controversial internet law]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 2, 2019.</ref><ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2019/05/02/putin-signs-sovereign-internet-law-expands-government-control/ Putin Signs ‘Sovereign Internet’ Law, Expands Government Control]</ref> Russia began testing this network.<ref>Bonn, Tess (December 26, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/russia/475984-russia-successfully-tests-country-wide-alternative-to-global Russia successfully tests country-wide alternative to global internet]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 26, 2019.</ref>

While not generally recognized as an outstanding public speaker before crowds, Putin is known for heart-to-heart talks, somewhat akin to U.S. President [[Franklin Roosevelt]]'s fireside chats, on a wide range of topics and issues of interest and concern to the Russian people his using the [[television]] format.
==== Russian demography has long been an existential issue to Vladimir Putin ====

''See also:'' [[Russia's fertility rate]]

[[Russia's fertility rate]] of 1.58 births per woman is one of the lowest fertility rates in the world.<ref name="IntelliNews">[https://intellinews.com/russian-fertility-rates-fall-to-record-lows-on-the-back-of-a-deteriorating-economy-and-sanctions-pressure-243191/ Russian fertility rates fall to record lows on the back of a deteriorating economy and sanctions pressure], bne IntelliNews, 2022</ref> It's fertility rate is below the replacement rate of 2.1 births per woman.

Russian demography has long been an existential issue to Vladimir Putin. In 2021, he declared “saving the people of Russia is our top national priority".<ref>[https://fortune.com/2022/10/18/russia-population-historic-decline-emigration-war-plunging-birth-rate-form-perfect-storm/ Russia’s population is in a historic decline as emigration, war and a plunging birth rate form a ‘perfect storm’], Fortune magazine, 2022</ref>

Bne IntelliNews indicated in 2022:
{{Cquote|Between 1993 and 2008, Russia’s population saw a considerable decline in its population from 148.37mn to 143.25. However, after Russian President Vladimir Putin took over in 2000 he put demographics at the top of the agenda and launched a comprehensive reform to boost the population, as featured by bne IntelliNews in “Putin’s babies”. The fruits of these reforms began to appear in around 2008 when the population began growing again...

The population increased again to 145.9mn recently; however, the population was expected to peak at the end of 2020 and is projected to start declining again...

These problems were already very visible at the end of the 1990s, when demographers became increasingly alarmed at where Russia was heading.<ref name="IntelliNews"/>}}

Demographers estimate Russia will fall from being the 9th most populous country in the world to being the 17th by 2050.<ref name="IntelliNews"/> And estimates indicate that Russia's population will drop from 2014's 142 million to 128 million by 2050.<ref name="IntelliNews"/>

===Political career===
[[File:V Putin.jpg|thumb|200px]]
In the Yeltsin years during the transition to capitalism, corrupt foreign and domestic [[oligarch]]s took control of the country. Putin's rise to power as a [[populist]] was by taxing and driving out corrupt foreign oligarchs whom the public viewed as looting the country, and throwing in jail corrupt domestic oligarchs as tax cheats. The oligarchs were his political enemies. Putin's success as a leader in Russia came about by reigning in the power of oligarchs. He allowed them to run the Russian economy provided that they stay out of politics, unlike Western so-called "democracies". Contrary to [[Western]] and [[CIA]] propaganda, Putin is not a friend of or controlled by oligarchs; rather, the oligarchs bow to his instructions and demands.

Putin has many controversial statements on [[Communism]] and has a good attitude toward the [[Muslim]] minorities living in the Russian Federation. [[Alexander Dugin]] argues:<ref>http://www.aspeninstitute.it/aspenia-online/article/russian-conservative-view-putin-interview-alexander-dugin</ref>
{{Cquote|If we consider the situation in Russia more closely, we will discover that almost all that is said in the West about Putin is wrong. It is a complete caricature. The most important criticism of Putin inside Russia is not from the liberals. Liberals represent the smallest part of the critics. They are absolutely marginal… So the West is absolutely wrong in thinking that there is this big liberal opposition to Putin that is artificially kept down. The real opposition to Putin is growing completely on the other side of Russian society. It is growing discontent with "lunar" Putin, against the Putin who is surrounded by liberals. All the government is completely not only corrupt, it consists of pro-Western liberals. Nothing has changed after the last election.}}

Putin is mainly backed by the [[United Russia]] (''Единая Россия'') party, which currently holds a majority in the lower chamber of the Russian parliament, known as the ''Duma''. As a centrist party, it usually reflects the political views of Putin, which are that of authoritarian statism and [[nationalism]]. On March 14, 2004, he was elected to a second term as president with 71% of the vote. Barred from a third consecutive term by the Russian constitution, Putin ceded the presidency to [[Dmitry Medvedev]] on May 7, 2008, and became Prime Minister, at the time-sharing power with the more moderate Medvedev. Medvedev did not run for a second term, and, as a result, Putin was re-elected in 2012. Putin was again re-elected in 2018, facing little real opposition.

After his 2018 victory, Putin's approval ratings fell significantly due to public disapproval of some of his domestic policies.<ref>Bennetts, Marc (August 12, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/aug/12/vladimir-putin-faces-russia-democracy-movement-dec/ Putin's political milestone marred by plummeting polls, massive protests]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved August 12, 2019.</ref>

==Political views==
Putin has been accused of employing the United States [[Democratic party]] tactic of illegal surveillance, harassment, investigation, arrest, and jailing political opponents and dissidents, ostensibly as agents of a foreign power or domestic terrorists.

Learning from the mistakes of USSR in the Eastern Bloc, he made clear that taking countries against their right to self-determination is counterproductive and drains resources.<ref>https://youtu.be/DHIxry8WfyA</ref>

===Relations with NATO===
In an interview with David Frost broadcast on the [[BBC]] on March 13, 2000, Putin expressed his desire to see Russia join NATO:<ref>https://www.gazeta.ru/2001/02/28/putin_i_bbc.shtml</ref>
[[File:Putin unkown soldier.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Putin lays a wreath a the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier on the anniversary of the German invasion of the Soviet Union.]]
{{quotebox-float|'''Frost: Tell me about your views on NATO, if you would. Do you see NATO as a potential partner, or rival, or an enemy?'''

'''Putin:''' Russia is a part of European culture. I simply cannot see my country isolated from Europe, from what we often describe as the civilized world. That is why it is hard for me to regard NATO as an enemy. I think that such a perception has nothing good in store for Russia and the rest of the world. ...

We strive for equal cooperation, partnership, we believe that it is possible to speak even about higher levels of integration with NATO. But only, I repeat, if Russia is an equal partner. As you know, we constantly express our negative attitude to NATO's expansion to the East. ...

'''Frost: Is it possible that Russia will ever join NATO?'''

'''Putin:''' Why not? I do not rule out such a possibility. I repeat, on condition that Russia's interests are going to be taken into account, if Russia becomes a full-fledged partner. I want to specially emphasize this. ...

When we say that we object to NATO's expansion to the East, we are not expressing any special ambitions of our own, ambitions in respect of some regions of the world. ... By the way, we have never declared any part of the world a zone of our national interests. Personally, I prefer to speak about strategic partnership. The zone of strategic interests of any particular region means first of all the interests of the people who live in that region. ...}}
Within hours after the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]], Vladimir Putin was the first foreign leader to call President [[George W. Bush]] and offer sympathy and support for what became the first invocation of NATO Article V, "an attack against one is an attack against all."<ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/europe/09/10/ar911.russia.putin/index.html</ref> Putin announced a five-point plan to support the [[war on terror]], pledging that the Russian government would (1) share intelligence with their American counterparts, (2) open Russian airspace for flights providing humanitarian assistance (3) cooperate with Russia's Central Asian allies in [[Uzbekistan]] and [[Kyrgyzstan]] to provide similar kinds of airspace access to American flights, (4) participate in international search and rescue efforts, and (5) increase direct assistance -humanitarian as well as military assistance—to the Afghan Northern Alliance. The intelligence Putin shared, including data that helped American forces find their way around [[Kabul]] and logistical information about Afghanistan's topography and caves, contributed to the success of operation and rout of the Taliban. Two weeks after the attacks, Putin was invited to make a speech to a Special Session of the Bundestag, the first ever by a Russian head of state to the German parliament.<ref>http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/40168</ref> Among the numerous subjects Putin addressed in fluent German was peace and stability in the common European home:
{{quotebox-float|"But what are we lacking today for cooperation to be efficient?

In spite of all the positive achievements of the past decades, we have not yet developed an efficient mechanism for working together.

The coordinating agencies set up so far do not offer Russia real opportunities for taking part in drafting and taking decision. Today decisions are often taken, in principle, without our participation, and we are only urged afterwards to support such decisions. After that they talk again about loyalty to NATO. They even say that such decisions cannot be implemented without Russia. Let us ask ourselves: is this normal? Is this true partnership?

Yes, the assertion of [[democratic]] principles in international relations, the ability to find a correct decision and readiness for compromise are a difficult thing. But then, it was the Europeans who were the first to understand how important it is to look for consensus over and above national egoism. We agree with that! All these are good ideas. However, the quality of decisions that are taken, their efficiency and, ultimately, European and international security in general depend on the extent to which we succeed today in translating these obvious principles into practical politics.

It seemed just recently that a truly common home would shortly rise on the continent, a home in which the Europeans would not be divided into eastern or western, northern or southern. However, these divides will remain, primarily because we have never fully shed many of the Cold War stereotypes and cliches.

Today we must say once and for all: the Cold War is done with! We have entered a new stage of development. We understand that without a modern, sound and sustainable security architecture we will never be able to create an atmosphere of trust on the continent, and without that atmosphere of trust there can be no united Greater Europe! Today we must say that we renounce our stereotypes and ambitions and from now on will jointly work for the security of the people of Europe and the world as a whole.}}
In 2004 the Baltic states - [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]], and [[Estonia]] joined NATO in violation of assurances made to Russian leaders when German Unification occurred. The provocative action created for the first time a common border between the Russian Federation and a NATO state. Three years later, at the Munich Security Conference, Putin declared, “We have the right to ask: against whom is this [NATO] expansion intended? And what happened to the assurances our western partners made after the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact? Where are those declarations today? No one even remembers them.”<ref>https://aldeilis.net/english/putins-historical-speech-munich-conference-security-policy-2007/</ref> In 2008 NATO said Ukraine and Georgia would become members. Four other [[Eastern Europe]]an states joined NATO in 2009.

In the face of the NATO onslaught, Putin repeatedly warned the West with the refrain of a made popular by [[Yulia Chicherina]] during the ongoing NATO-funded [[Donbas war]],<ref>https://youtu.be/HdVkbCGEyT8</ref> "we have nowhere to retreat."<ref>https://youtu.be/i0YqXRPHisE</ref> Putin told the nation in a televised address on February 24, 2022 “I am referring to the eastward expansion of NATO, which is moving its military infrastructure ever closer to the Russian border. It is a fact that over the past thirty years we have been patiently trying to come to an agreement with the leading NATO countries …In response, we invariably faced either cynical [[deception]] and [[lies]] or attempts at pressure and [[blackmail]]."

===Relations with the EU===
[[File:Putin ate my homework.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Anti-Putin Russophobia in the West, 2022.]]
In 2014 Putin founded the [[Eurasian Economic Union]] to counter [[European Union]] meddling in [[Eastern Europe]]an nation's affairs.

After [[Crimea]] was returned to Russia, the European Union imposed sanctions against Putin and the Russian government.<ref>http://rt.com/business/168192-eu-sanctions-crimea-deadlock/</ref>

The relations within the EU are different and divided, it is mainly the following countries advocating namely a critical attitude towards the Russian government: the Baltic states ([[Estonia]], [[Latvia]] and [[Lithuania]]) [[Poland]], [[Sweden]], [[Netherlands]], [[Germany]], [[France]] and the [[United Kingdom]],<ref>http://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/news/russian-sanctions-debate-divides-eu/</ref><ref>https://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/4464/eu-russia</ref>
while the following countries have a less hostile attitude or want to maintain a better relationship: [[Hungary]], [[Italy]] and [[Czech Republic]].

Also, multiple nationalist parties in the EU appreciate Putin's policies against the Leftist liberal dominance in Europe, like [[Marine Le Pen]]'s [[French National Front|National Front]].

Despite EU sanctions, Russia under cooperation between Putin and [[German]] Chancellor [[Angela Merkel]] continued expanding economically into Western Europe.<ref>Strobel, Warren P. (March 11, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/russias-economic-clout-in-europe-grows-despite-sanctions-study-says-11552333028 Russia’s Economic Clout in Europe Grows Despite Sanctions, Study Says]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved March 11, 2019.</ref>

===Relations under George W. Bush===
Initially relations between [[George W. Bush]] and Putin were good, with Putin lending support to Bush's war on global terror. Putin was restrained from giving much assistance outside the Russian Federation, being pre-occupied with the [[Islamist]] movements waging [[jihad]] inside his own borders.

In Bush's late second term, Putin was concerned about jihadist infiltration from [[Turkey]] and [[Syria]] through the [[Republic of Georgia]], and intervened. Former members of the [[Warsaw Pact]], who were more supportive of the war on terror than even the US population, then asked for deployment of missile defense systems on their territories, which the [[Bush administration]] was inclined to favor as a reward for their help. Russia considered missile defense deployment on their borders overt acts of hostility. Barack Hussein Obama and Hillary Rodham Clinton, in competition to outdo each other, condemned George W. Bush and [[Condoleezza Rice]] by sidling up to the Russians and Islamists whom the [[Democrat]]s portrayed as oppressed victims of a [[globalism|global]] [[neocon]] [[conspiracy]].

===Relations under Barack Obama===
[[File:Targeted sanctions.jpg|right|300px|thumb|''Targetted Sanctions'', from a Moscow art exhibition.]]
President [[Barack Obama]] and Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]] initially cozied up to Putin, charging the Bush administration was intent on reigniting the [[Cold War]]. However once the [[Rosatom-Uranium One deal]] was completed and the [[Clinton Foundation]] pocketed millions of dollars from Putin cronies in donations and speaking fees, relations began to sour as the Obama administration could no longer ignore geopolitical realities. Putin had protested the Obama administrations illegal drone strikes, and the administration placed [[Magnitsky Act|sanctions on Russian leaders]] ostensibly in retaliation for the Crimean referendum.<ref>https://youtu.be/I-9aD45qxbE</ref>

President Obama's decision to move an anti-missile defense system to [[Romania]] during the [[2016 US Presidential election]] only heightened tensions. Putin, who had repeatedly assailed the antimissile system as a grave danger to Russia's security, called Obama's decision dangerous. This coupled with Obama's implementation of sanctions rather than honor the [[American foreign policy#1994 Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances|1994 Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances]] negotiated by the [[Clinton administration]], displaying it as an empty promise to guarantee Ukrainian independence, only further exposed the befuddlement and inability of the Obama administration to stand by US commitments and the weaknesses of NATO.

In September 2013, Putin gave a speech stating the need to strengthen Russian culture with traditional values and the Orthodox Christian church. Also, he condemned Western nations and their godless pursuit of [[political correctness]] and [[homosexuality]].<ref>[http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/cdedfd64-214f-11e3-a92a-00144feab7de.html#axzz2jdyir54U Putin urges Russians to return to values of religion, FT.com, September 19, 2013]</ref>

In early September 2013, Putin expressly observed that liberal [[John Kerry]] is a liar.

[[Forbes]] ranked Putin as the most powerful man in the world as of December 2016, while Obama was ranked #48. Putin gains popularity every time he challenges the U.S. or Europe, or sends troops into a former Soviet Republic.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/datablog/2015/jul/23/vladimir-putins-approval-rating-at-record-levels</ref>

According to former Obama Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]], candidate Donald Trump was a Putin asset - a lie which gained widespread [[liberal media]] circulation in the United States perpetrated by paid [[FBI]] informants and other [[subversive]] elements of the [[Democratic party]] working in the United States [[civil service system]].

====Obama/Biden Maidan coup====
{{See also|Maidan coup}}
[[File:Revolution of Dignity.PNG|left|300px|thumb|Russian victims of the Obama-backed "[[Revolution of Dignity]]."<ref>https://archive.fo/1XFO5</ref>]]
Putin is seen as an antagonist by [[liberal]]s in the West, who are angry about their inability to push the [[homosexual agenda]] and pro-[[abortion]] policies on Russia. Putin views NATO enlargement by absorbing former Soviet client states as a potential threat to the Russian Federation. Putin has proposed a policy of "Findlandization", i.e., making permanently neutral the Ukraine and Georgia and not incorporating them into NATO under the US's Partners for Peace program. Putin's alleged rigged election system, nuclear energy contracts and military alliance with Iran have heightened tensions. According to [[mainstream media]], the decline of [[human rights]] in Russia has been dramatic; for example, Russian riot police beat a number of protesters and journalists at an anti-Putin rally at Pushkin Square in Moscow,<ref name="The Economist, April 21, 2007">''The Economist'', April 21, 2007</ref> and Putin rigged national elections for his party <ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/homepageCrisis/idUSL03585550._CH_.2400</ref>

Putin has even exercised power over the Russian supreme court. Justice Vladimir Yaroslavtsev was forced to resign after warning that Russian security agencies now control the country as they did in Soviet times and expressing alarm over their lack of accountability. Justice Anatoly Kononov was likewise forced out after defending Yaroslavtsev.<ref>[http://www.robertamsterdam.com/2009/12/are_you_an_independent_russian_judge_youre_fired.htm ''Are You An Independent Russian Judge? You're Fired'', RobertAmsterdam.com]</ref>

Many who have reported or protested such things have found themselves being repressed - or killed.<ref>[https://www.americanthinker.com/2009/12/putins_own_worst_enemy.html Kim Zigfeld, ''Putin's Own Worst Enemy''] American Thinker, December 08, 2009</ref><ref>http://larussophobe.wordpress.com/2009/12/03/editorial-another-russian-journalist-takes-the-putin-plunge</ref> Journalist [[Anna Politkovskaya]], an outspoken critic of Putin, was assassinated in 2006,<ref>http://news.independent.co.uk/europe/article1819666.ece</ref> and it is widely believed that the Russian government had some involvement in this death. There were 13 journalists killed in contract-style slayings during Vladimir Putin's eight-year presidency.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,438381,00.html Russian Lawyer in Slain Journalist Case Says She, Family Poisoned] AP, October 15, 2008</ref>

Despite these negatives – or perhaps because of the strong hand they reveal – Putin remains popular in Russia.<ref>http://www.levada.ru/prezident.html Putin's Approval Ratings</ref> Since coming to power, Putin has expanded Russia's economy and reduced inflation. The majority of Russians are relatively uninterested in politics outside of issues affecting their personal prosperity,<ref name="The Economist, April 21, 2007"/> and journalist [[Anna Politkovskaya]] argued that the Russian people, as a whole, have been willing to tolerate violence in the name of "comfort and peace and quiet".<ref>Politkovskaya, Anna. Putin's Russia. London: Harvill Press, 2004</ref>

===Relations under Donald Trump===

President [[Donald Trump]] accused Putin of taking [[Crimea]] by force and asked whether Obama was too soft on Russia.<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/donald-trump-russia-latest-tweet-accuse-crimea-obama-too-soft-distance-campaign-team-white-house-a7581511.html Donald Trump accuses Russia of taking Crimea by force in attempt to distance himself from campaign allegations]</ref> In March 2017 the US department of state strongly condemned the arrests of hundreds of protesters against Vladimir Putin's government.<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/26/hundreds-arrested-mass-protests-against-vladimir-putins-government/ Washington condemns arrests of hundreds of protesters against Vladimir Putin's government]</ref> The US Secretary of State [[Rex Tillerson]] said that US sanctions against Russia will remain in place until Moscow "reverses the actions" it has taken in Ukraine.<ref>[https://edition.cnn.com/2017/03/31/politics/rex-tillerson-russia-ukraine/ Tillerson: US to maintain Ukraine-related sanctions on Russia until Crimea is returned]</ref>

In response to the April, 4 chemical attack on Khan Shaykhun in [[Syria]], President Trump launched 59-Tomahawk rockets on a Syrian Air base nearby, tensions led up with Russia, Syria's ally, Putin has called that the US attack was an "illegal act of aggression",<ref>https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4389332/Russia-calls-airstrikes-Syria-act-aggression.html</ref> and answered this attack by sending a frigate to the military base in Syria.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/07/world/middleeast/russia-iran-us-strikes-syria.html?_r=0</ref> In April 2017 Putin explained that the US-Russia relations have gotten worse under Trump, contrary to narratives put out by the liberal mainstream media that Trump is too "soft" to Putin and is Putin's 'puppet' .<ref>http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/228064</ref>

In December 2017 Putin warned President Trump because of his decision to move the US embassy from [[Tel Aviv]] to [[Jerusalem]] and stated that he was "deeply concerned".<ref>[https://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/239041 Putin 'deeply concerned' by Trump's Jerusalem move]. ''IsraelNationalNews''. December 18, 2017. Retrieved August 31, 2018.</ref> Putin also opposed Trump's withdrawal from the [[Iran nuclear deal]] and told that Russia would continue to honor its obligations under this deal.<ref>[https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/putin-criticizes-u-s-over-iran-deal-at-summit-with-china-1.6158932 Putin Criticizes Trump Over Iran Nuclear Deal]. ''Haaretz''. June 10, 2018. Retrieved August 31, 2018.</ref>

In March 2018, Putin unveiled his revamped nuclear missile program, which was a response to the NATO challenge.<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-01/putin-calls-for-raising-living-standards-in-annual-address Putin Shows Off New Nuclear Weapons, Warns West to ‘Listen’]</ref>

===Relations with Joe Biden===
{{See also|Biden/Harris regime foreign policy#Ukraine}}
[[File:How could Putin do this..PNG|right|300px|thumb|When Joe Biden fell off his bike in the summer of 2022, [[social media]] users wanted to know how Putin could have done it.<ref>https://www.bizpacreview.com/2022/06/18/how-could-putin-do-this-reaction-rolls-in-as-news-of-biden-falling-off-bike-spreads-1251698/</ref>]]
As vice-president in 2011, Putin snubbed [[Joe Biden]] in a face-to-face meeting. Sitting across a conference table Putin, Biden attempted to lecture Putin. Biden said, "I’ve been around a long time. The first time I was here…” and in mid-sentence his microphone was cut off,<ref>https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/03/10/remarks-vice-president-joe-biden-and-russian-prime-minister-vladimir-put</ref> the lights for the TV cameras went off, and the press was told to leave. The press exited quickly and quietly. Videocameras were disassembled from tripods and still photographers stopped shooting. Portable lights came down from retractable poles. No one spoke and no one lingered. Putin baited Biden, pulled the plug, stole Biden's audience, and rendered him speechless. Putin and the Russian delegation sat as their American counterparts realized Biden's big moment had been stolen right out from under him. Putin had neither fear nor respect for Biden, and Biden was humiliated.<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/analysis/putin-humiliated-biden-in-moscow-meeting/</ref>
[[File:Joe Biden at CFR meeting 2018 2.jpeg|left|300px|thumb|The [[Biden family]] is on the payroll of the Ukrainian firm [[Burisma]], while many Ukrainian operatives in the U.S.<ref>e.g. [[Alexandra Chalupa]] and [[Alexander Vindman]]</ref> and abroad are inimically hostile toward Russia.]]
In 2014 Hunter Biden colluded with and received $3.5 million from [[Elena Baturina]], the richest woman in Russia and widow of former Moscow mayor Yury Luzhkov as payment to establish an American bank account for her.<ref>https://www.tapatalk.com/groups/missionquestfpb/shock-man-who-had-hunter-biden-s-laptop-suggests-t-t10669-s2420.html</ref> In late 2019 Baturina was declared a fugitive from Russian justice.<ref>https://www.rferl.org/a/russian-court-declares-late-moscow-mayor-s-widow-wanted-after-failure-to-appear/30348065.html</ref>

According to 51 former United States national security "professionals", the Hunter Biden [[Laptop from Hell]] was Putin [[disinformation]] - a proven lie by a coterie of former American civil servants who conspired to rig the [[2020 presidential election]].

In 2021, American socialist leader [[Joe Biden]] colluded with Putin to raise gasoline prices and home heating bills.<ref>https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2021/oct/18/bidens-record-spending-will-only-add-fuel-inflatio/</ref> Biden cozied up to by Putin by rescinding the Trump-era opposition to the [[Nord Stream II]] pipeline.<ref>https://dennismichaellynch.com/daily-newsletter/</ref> The Russian project is designed to ship gas and oil directly from Russia to [[Germany]] under the [[Baltic Sea]]. Russia has attempted to pressure Ukraine numerous time since the break-up of the Soviet Union to abandon its bid to join [[NATO]] by cutting off oil and gas supplies. In doing so, Russia inadvertently also cuts off supplies to Germany, a very rich and large customer. The Nordstream pipeline is intended to counter this collateral effect, while pressuring Ukraine, [[Poland]] and [[Hungary]] to remain in the Russian orbit. The pipeline itself is a massive scandal in Germany, with for [[Democratic Socialist]] [[Gerhard Schroeder]] chancellor heading the Nordstream pipeline company and a major stockholders.<ref>https://www.politico.eu/article/opinion-schroders-russian-sell-out/</ref>

''[[Newsweek]]'' reported three weeks after [[Operation Denazification]] in Ukraine began that Putin's Approval Ratings in Russia rose from 60% before the operation to 71%.<ref>https://www.newsweek.com/vladimir-putin-approval-rating-poll-latest-levada-russia-1687543</ref>

{{Anchor|Empire of Lies}}
====Empire of Lies speech====

On February 24, 2022, Putin delivered an anti-[[woke]] speech condemning the United States promotion, both domestically and among its allies, [[values]] that are "contrary to human nature":
[[File:Putin and Zelensky.png|right|300px|thumb|Putin's "My Pet Goat" moment: Putin being briefed on [[Volodoymr Zelensky]]'s [[transvestism]] and wearing high heels.<ref>https://www.bitchute.com/video/f1Ll6yw172sg/</ref>]]
{{quotebox-float|"US politicians, political scientists and journalists write and say that a veritable “empire of lies” has been created inside the United States in recent years. It is hard to disagree with this – it is really so. But one should not be modest about it: the United States is still a great country and a system-forming power. All its satellites not only humbly and obediently say 'yes' to, and parrot it at the slightest pretext, but also imitate its behavior and enthusiastically accept the rules it is offering them. Therefore, one can say with good reason and confidence that the whole so-called [[Western bloc]] formed by the United States in its own image and likeness is, in its entirety, the very same “empire of lies.”

As for our country, after the disintegration of the USSR, given the entire unprecedented [[glasnost|openness]] of the new, modern Russia, its readiness to work honestly with the United States and other Western partners, and its practically unilateral disarmament, they immediately tried to put the final squeeze on us, finish us off, and utterly destroy us. This is how it was in the 1990s and the early 2000s, when the so-called collective West was actively supporting separatism and gangs of [[mercenaries]] in southern Russia. What victims, what losses we had to sustain, and [[Russia#Chechen wars|what trials we had to go through]] at that time before we broke the back of international terrorism in the [[Caucasus]]! We remember this and will never forget.<ref>Putin is speaking of such events as the [[Beslan massacre]]</ref>

Properly speaking, the attempts to use us in their own interests never ceased until quite recently: they sought to destroy our [[traditional values]] and force on us their [[Liberalism|false values]] that would erode us, our people from within, the attitudes they have been aggressively imposing on their countries, attitudes that are directly leading to degradation and degeneration, because they are contrary to [[human nature]]. This is not going to happen. No one has ever succeeded in doing this, nor will they succeed now."<ref name="bloomberg.com">https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-02-24/full-transcript-vladimir-putin-s-televised-address-to-russia-on-ukraine-feb-24</ref>}}

====Donbas war====
[[File:Azov Battalion.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Putin opposes U.S. and NATO-backed Nazis who led the Maidan coup and have killed thousands of people since 2014.]]
{{See also|Donbas war}}
Putin, when meeting with Chinese President [[Xi Jinping]] during the opening of the 2022 Winter Olympic games, committed himself on a policy course which sees Russia, together with China, rejecting the "rules based order" that defines the vision of a [[unipolar]] world dominated by the United States as the world's policeman, and instead replaces it with a multi-polar “law based international order” grounded in the United Nations Charter.

Grand Mufti of All Russia Ravil Gainutdinov stated: “The entire Islamic world, the Arab world, treats our president’s decision with understanding...They are looking for the victory of Russian politics, and they have absolutely no interest in the hegemony of one country, in the creation of a unipolar world...That is why no country in the Arab world imposed any sanctions on Russia...This is very important...Even as NATO members, even being under pressure, they refrain from imposing sanctions against our country...This means that the Islamic world has deep respect to our country and our Muslims”.<ref>https://tass.com/society/1454257</ref>

====Responsibility to protect, preventative action, and collective self-defense====
{{See also|Russia-Ukraine war}}
Vladimir Putin set forth a claim under the doctrine of 'anticipatory collective self-defense' which was devised originally by the [[Clinton administration]] and NATO in regard to the 1998 [[Kosovo]] conflict,<ref>https://youtu.be/rsSB_2RShBQ</ref> as it applies to Article 51 of the United Nations Charter.<ref>https://consortiumnews.com/2022/03/29/russia-ukraine-the-law-of-war-crime-of-aggression/</ref> The unilateral declarations of independence by the Donbas republics are completely legal and precedented by [[the West]]'s successful demands for Kosovo to be recognized as independent from [[Serbia]], and adjudicated as such by the International Courts.<ref>https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/141</ref>
[[File:Stalin and Truman.PNG|right|300px|thumb|Stalin (''left'') with [[Harry Truman]] (''right''). Truman is considered by presidential historians as one of America's greatest presidents because he used nuclear weapons to spare American soldiers lives and end a war from dragging on.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/09/24/from-franklin-delano-roosevelt-to-john-f-kennedy-newsweek-s-10-best-presidents-photos.html|title=From Franklin Delano Roosevelt to John F. Kennedy, Newsweek's 10 Best Presidents (Photos)|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|date=September 24, 2012|access-date=|archive-date=April 24, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424210738/http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/09/24/from-franklin-delano-roosevelt-to-john-f-kennedy-newsweek-s-10-best-presidents-photos.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/fixgov/posts/2015/02/13-obama-measuring-presidential-greatness-vaughn-rottinghaus|title=Measuring Obama against the great presidents|author=Brandon Rottinghaus|date=February 13, 2015|work=The Brookings Institution|access-date=|archive-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106025720/http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/fixgov/posts/2015/02/13-obama-measuring-presidential-greatness-vaughn-rottinghaus|url-status=live}}</ref> ]]
The Organization of World Peace reported in 2021, “according to Ukraine’s National Security and Defense Council Decree no. 117/2021, Ukraine has committed to putting all options on the table to taking back control over the Russian annexed Crimea region. Signed on March 24th, President Zelensky has committed the country to pursue strategies that . . . ‘will prepare and implement measures to ensure the de-occupation and reintegration of the peninsula.’”<ref>https://theowp.org/ukraine-declares-all-options-possible-even-war-to-retake-crimea-from-russia/</ref> Given that the residents of Crimea, most of whom are ethnic Russians, are quite happy with the current state of affairs under Russian governance – this, according to a 2020 ''[[Washington Post]]'' report – Zelensky’s threat in this regard was not only a threat against Russia itself but was also a threat of potentially massive bloodshed against a people who do not want to go back to Ukraine.<ref>https://archive.ph/5s7Cd</ref> The Donbas war represents a much more compelling case for justifying Russian intervention under the ''Responsibility to Protect'' (R2P) doctrine which has been advocated by such Western ‘humanitarians’ as [[Hillary Clinton]], [[Samantha Power]], and [[Susan Rice]], and which was relied upon to justify the NATO interventions in countries like the former [[Yugoslavia]] and [[Libya]].

In 1998, Kosovo was not a member of the United Nations, so the right of collective self-defense of member states was challenged. Kosovo was forcibly severed from a member state, [[Serbia]], by NATO and given legal status later. Residents of Kosovo never voted by referendum to declare independence from Serbia. By established international precedents, in 2014 the residents of the [[Donetsk Republic]], the [[Lugansk Republic]], and [[Crimea]] voted to separate from [[Ukraine]]. The Russian State Duma recognized the decision of the voters and change in international borders, annexed Crimea and in 2022 signed collective security agreements with the Donetsk and Lugansk republics.

On February 24, 2022, Vladimir Putin addressed the nation and made clear the objective of the [[Special Military Operation]] in Ukraine was not [[regime change]]:
{{quotebox-float|"The purpose of this operation is to protect people who, for eight years now, have been facing humiliation and [[genocide]] perpetrated by the Kiev regime. To this end, we will seek to demilitarise and denazify Ukraine, as well as bring to trial those who perpetrated numerous bloody crimes against civilians, including against citizens of the Russian Federation. It is not our plan to occupy the Ukrainian territory. We do not intend to impose anything on anyone by force."<ref name="bloomberg.com">https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-02-24/full-transcript-vladimir-putin-s-televised-address-to-russia-on-ukraine-feb-24</ref>}}

====Partial mobilization====

For the first time since [[World War II]], Putin announced on September 21, 2022, announced a partial mobilization of military reserves:
{{quotebox-float|"The purpose of this West is to weaken, divide and ultimately destroy our country. They are already directly saying that in 1991 they were able to split the Soviet Union, and now the time has come for Russia itself, and that it should disintegrate into many mortally warring regions and regions,” the Russian president stressed....

“[We talk] about the aggressive policy of a number of the Western elites, who are striving with all their might to maintain their dominance, and for this purpose they are trying to block or suppress any sovereign independent centers of development in order to further brutally impose their will on other countries and nations, to plant their fake values...

"Some irresponsible politicians in the West talk about plans to organize the supply of long-range offensive weapons to Ukraine, systems that are capable of launching strikes against Crimea and other regions of Russia,,,

"In this situation, I consider it necessary to take the following decisions, they are fully adequate to the threats we face. Namely: to protect our Motherland, its [[sovereignty]] and territorial integrity, to ensure the security of our people and people in the liberated territories, I consider it necessary to support the proposal of the Ministry of Defense and the General Staff on conducting partial mobilization in the Russian Federation....Only citizens who are currently in the reserve and, above all, those who served in the ranks of the Armed Forces, have certain military specialties and relevant experience will be subject to conscription for military service. Those called up for military service before being sent to the units will necessarily undergo additional military training taking into account the experience of a special military operation.}}
Additionally all military service contracts currently in force (usually 3 to 12 months) were extended indefinitely. Putin said that the current conflict was instigated by the West, noting that the Western countries seek the destruction and disintegration of Russia. He said that the West had been supporting international terrorists, promoted the infrastructure of the NATO offensive close to Russia's borders and fostered Russophobia.

Putin continued:
{{quotebox-float|“If the territorial integrity of our country is threatened, we will without doubt use all available means to protect Russia and our people - this is not a bluff....those trying to [[blackmail]] us with [[nuclear weapons]] should know that the tables can turn on them”...

“The Kiev occupation regime has created a deeply echeloned line of long-term fortifications. Directly assaulting them would have resulted in heavy losses, which is why our units, as well as those of the Donbass republics, act competently and use the military in order to protect personnel. They, step by step, are liberating Donetsk land, clearing cities and towns from neo-Nazis, and helping people whom the Kiev regime has turned into hostages and a [[human shield]]."<ref>https://sputniknews.com/20220921/indias-richest-person-gautam-adani-added-whopping-200-million-to-his-wealth-every-day-in-past-year-1101055399.html</ref>}}

Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu said that 300,000 reservist will be mobilized. Conscripts and people currently studying will not be send to Ukraine. He also said that, so far, 5,937 Russian soldiers have died during the war in Ukraine. (This number does not include the militia of the [[DPR]] and [[LPR]], or the [[Wagner group]], who have done most of the frontline work and thus have had higher losses.) Shoigu puts Ukrainian losses at some 62,000 killed and some 50,000 wounded.<ref>https://sputniknews.com/20220921/shoigu-russia-at-war-with-collective-west-rather-than-ukraine-1101029246.html</ref> Russia's total military reserve, people who have previously gone through military training, is 25 million.<ref>https://twitter.com/Liveuamap/status/1572480191108104193</ref> It also has the equipment to arm those forces.

====St. Petersburg International Economic Forum speech====
Vladimir Putin delivered a speech to the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF) on June 17, 2022.<ref>https://thesaker.is/president-putin-st-petersburg-international-economic-forum-plenary-session/</ref> Zerohedge reported:
{{quotebox-float|"Over the past decades, new powerful centers have been formed on the planet […] each of them develops their own political system and public institutions, implements their own models of [[economic growth]], and, of course, has the right to protect themselves, to ensure national [[sovereignty]]. We are talking about real processes, about truly revolutionary, tectonic changes in [[geopolitics]], global economy, the technological sphere, in the entire system of [[international relations]]....In the current situation, against a backdrop of soaring risks and threats, Russia’s decision to conduct a [[special military operation]] was a forced one. It was very hard to make it, but it was forced and necessary. It was a decision by a sovereign country that has an unconditional right based on the UN Charter to defend its security."

Putin said the European Union delivered a serious blow to their own economies, prompting high [[inflation]]. He estimated the costs of the "sanctions fever" to be around $400 billion in 2022 and noted that the measures will become a burden on regular people's shoulders. "It is clear why they waged this [[propaganda]] campaign, what all these spells about 200-to-1 ruble-dollar exchange rates and claims that our [[economy]] would collapse were all about. All this was - and remains - a tool in the information warfare, an attempt to put psychological pressure on Russian society...The European Union has completely lost its political sovereignty, and its [[bureaucrat]]ic elites are dancing to someone else’s tune, accepting whatever they are told from above, causing harm to their own population and their own economy.

"For a long time, the United States was a big food supplier in the world market. It was proud, and with good reason, of its achievements, its [[agriculture]] and farming traditions. By the way, this is an example for many of us, too. But today, America’s role has changed drastically. It has turned from a net exporter of [[food]] into a net importer. Loosely speaking, it is printing money and pulling commodity flows its way, buying food products all over the world.

"After claiming victory in the Cold War, the United States declared it was the messenger of God on Earth, who has no obligations, but only interests - and these interests are sacrosanct.....Such a detachment from reality, from the demands of [[society]], will inevitably lead to a surge of [[populism]] and the growth of radical movements, to serious social and economic changes, to degradation, and in the near future, to a change of elites."<ref>https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/eu-backs-ukraines-european-dream-putin-says-sanctions-cost-bloc-400bn-warns-fertilizer</ref>}}

====Meeting with State Duma leadership and heads of factions====
{{See also|NATO aggression in the Russia-Ukraine war}}
On July 7, 2022, President Putin met with a group of Russian State Duma parliamentarians to brief them on the Special Military Operation on the territory of Ukraine. In the course of the briefing, Putin noted:
{{quotebox-float|"They [the West] should have understood that they have already lost from the very beginning of our [[special military operation]], because its beginning means the beginning of a radical breakdown of the [[New World Order|World Order in the American way]]. This is the beginning of the transition from [[liberal]]-[[globalist]] American [[ego]]centrism to a truly multipolar world – a world based not on selfish rules invented by someone for themselves, behind which there is nothing but the desire for hegemony, not on [[hypocrisy|hypocritical]] [[double standard]]s, but on [[international law]], on the true [[sovereignty]] of peoples and [[civilization]]s, on their will to live their historical destiny, their [[values]] and [[tradition]]s and build cooperation on the basis of [[democracy]], [[justice]] and [[equality]]. And we must understand that this process can no longer be stopped.”<ref>[https://www.moonofalabama.org/2022/07/dysfunction.html?cid=6a00d8341c640e53ef02a30d436d48200b#comment-6a00d8341c640e53ef02a30d436d48200b Dysfunction]</ref>}}
====Remarks on the golden billion====
The '[[golden billion]]' has become a euphemism for the privileged population on the NATO states in North America and Europe, or what is sometimes called 'the collective West' which include [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]]. Speaking to the Strong Ideas for a New Time forum in Moscow on July 19, 2022, Putin said, "The model of the total dominance of the so-called golden billion is unjust...Why should this 'golden billion' among the planet's population dominate others, impose its own rules of conduct?...Based on the illusion of 'exclusivity', this model divides people into first and second class status, and is therefore racist and neo-colonial in its essence…And the [[globalist]], supposedly [[liberal]] ideology which underlies it, is increasingly acquiring the features of [[totalitarianism]], holding back creative pursuit and free historical creation...No matter how much [[the West]] and the supranational elite strive to preserve the existing order, a new era and a new stage in world history are coming. Only genuinely [[sovereign]] states are in a position to ensure a high growth dynamic and become a role model for others in terms of standards of living and quality of life, the protection of traditional values and high humanistic ideals, and development models where an individual is not a means, but the ultimate goal.”<ref>http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/69039</ref>

====10th Moscow Conference on International Security====
Addressing the 10th Moscow Conference on International Security on August 16, 2022, Putin observed: "Western globalist elites are provoking chaos by rekindling old and inciting new conflicts, implementing a policy of so-called containment, while in fact undermining any alternative, sovereign paths of development. Thus, they are desperately trying to preserve the hegemony and power that are slipping out of their grasp, trying to keep countries and peoples in the grip of a neo-colonial order. Any means are used. The United States and its vassals rudely interfere in the internal affairs of sovereign states by organizing provocations, [[coup d'état]] and civil wars. Threats, [[blackmail]] and pressure are resorted to in a bid to force independent states to submit to their will. The so-called collective West is purposefully destroying the European security system, putting together new military alliances. The NATO bloc is expanding East, building up its military infrastructure, deploying missile defense systems and increasing the strike capabilities of its offensive forces. Implementing the “anti-Russia” project, they turned a blind eye to the spread of neo-Nazi ideology, the massacres of the inhabitants of Donbass, while continuously pumping the Kiev regime with weapons, including heavy armaments....The United States has set the role of cannon fodder for Ukrainians, and the situation in Ukraine demonstrates that the United States is trying to prolong this conflict."

====Signing of treaties of accession of Donbas Republics speech====
The [[Ron Paul]] Institute described Putin's speech at the ceremony marking the treaties of accession for the Lugansk, Donetsk, Zaporozhye and Kherson as Russia playing "a leading role against the [[Deep State]] that ultimately runs the West and which uses all available tools - including military, economic, cultural, and social – in its attempt to preserve unipolar world domination....Putin’s scathing attack against the West is a multi-headed weapon as it rallied to the conservative segments of a population dismayed by globalism imposing a deeply disturbing agenda that goes against traditional views on family, marriage and sex, but it also has leftist tones, as his criticism also goes against the same globalism that is worsening wealth disparity, and even a libertarian appeal as he referred to the imposition of states of emergency, media control and sanctions on other societies as examples of Western made totalitarianism."<ref>http://www.ronpaulinstitute.org/archives/featured-articles/2022/october/05/vladimir-putin-s-battle-cry-against-the-deep-state/</ref> Putin noted:
{{quotebox-float|"Let me repeat that the dictatorship of the Western elites targets all societies, including the citizens of Western countries themselves. This is a challenge to all. This complete renunciation of what it means to be human, the overthrow of [[faith]] and traditional values, and the suppression of [[freedom]] are coming to resemble a “religion in reverse” – pure [[Satanism]]. Exposing false messiahs, [[Jesus Christ]] said in the [[Sermon on the Mount]]: “By their fruits ye shall know them.” These poisonous fruits are already obvious to people, and not only in our country but also in all countries, including many people in the West itself.

The world has entered a period of a fundamental, [[revolution]]ary transformation. New centres of power are emerging. They represent the majority – the majority! – of the international community. They are ready not only to declare their interests but also to protect them. They see in multipolarity an opportunity to strengthen their sovereignty, which means gaining genuine freedom, historical prospects, and the right to their own independent, creative and distinctive forms of development, to a harmonious process.

As I have already said, we have many like-minded people in Europe and the United States, and we feel and see their support. An essentially emancipatory, anti-colonial movement against unipolar hegemony is taking shape in the most diverse countries and societies. Its power will only grow with time. It is this force that will determine our future geopolitical reality.

Friends,

Today, we are fighting for a just and free path, first of all for ourselves, for Russia, in order to leave dictate and despotism in the past. I am convinced that countries and peoples understand that a policy based on the exceptionalism of whoever it may be and the suppression of other cultures and peoples is inherently criminal, and that we must close this shameful chapter. The ongoing collapse of Western hegemony is irreversible. And I repeat: things will never be the same.<ref>http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/69465</ref>}}

====Russian Energy Week forum====
Putin spoke at the plenary session of the Russian Energy Week International Forum on October 12, 2022. The topic of the panel discussion was Global Energy in a Multipolar World.
{{quotebox-float|"Such direct and transparent communication is essential now, when the global economy in general, the fuel and energy sector are in the middle of, let me be direct, an acute crisis due to unstable price dynamics of energy resources, an imbalance in supply and demand, and the overtly subversive actions of individual market participants, who are guided solely by their own geopolitical ambitions, resort to outright discrimination in the market, and if that does not work, they simply destroy the infrastructure of their competitors.

In this case, I am of course talking about the sabotage of the Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2 gas pipelines. There is no doubt that this is an act of international [[terrorism]], the purpose of which is to undermine the energy security of the entire continent. The logic is cynical: to destroy and block cheap energy sources, hence depriving millions of people, industrial consumers of gas, heat, electricity and other resources and forcing them to buy all this at much higher prices. Forcing.

The attack on the [[Nord Stream]]s has set an extremely dangerous precedent, which shows that any critical piece of transport, energy or communications infrastructure is under threat, regardless of its location, management or whether it lies on the seabed or on land....it was proven by the terrorist attack on the [[Crimean Bridge]] committed by [[Ukrainian intelligence]]. I have already said that the [[Kiev regime]] has long resorted to terrorist methods, organising political [[assassination]]s, ethnic purges and crackdowns on civilians....They do not stop at nuclear terrorism either, specifically the shelling of the [[Zaporizhzhya Nuclear Power Plant]], terrorist attacks near the Kursk Nuclear Power Plant in Russia and, of course, sabotage attempts against TurkStream....

And who stands behind the sabotage against the Nord Streams? Clearly, those who want to completely sever ties between Russia and the [[European Union]], to fully undermine and crush Europe’s political agency, weaken its industrial potential and seize the market. And, of course, those who – I want to stress it – have the technical capacity to organise such explosions and in fact have committed similar sabotage in the past and were caught red-handed but evaded punishment.

The beneficiaries are well known. I believe no specific details are necessary since the remaining gas systems will acquire greater geopolitical significance. They stretch across Poland (Yamal‒Europe), and Ukraine, the two pipelines that Russia once built with its own money. And, of course, the [[United States]], which will now be able to supply energy resources at high rates....

If we come to an agreement with the Europeans to supply gas through the surviving branch – and one branch of Nord Stream 2, apparently, has survived… Unfortunately, we are not allowed to help inspect this branch, but the pipeline is holding pressure. It might be damaged, but we do not know this, because as I have said, we are not allowed to inspect it, but there is pressure, which means, apparently, that it is in working order. Its capacity is 27.5 billion cubic metres per year, which is about 8 percent of Europe’s gas imports.

Russia is ready to begin deliveries. The ball is in the EU's court. If they want to, they can just turn on the tap and that is that. I repeat that we are not restricting anyone or anything, and are ready to supply additional volumes in the autumn and winter period....

the price difference between the spot market and long-term contracts is three- or four-fold. And who did it? Was it Russia? They did it themselves. In fact, they imposed this trading system on us. They have essentially forced Gazprom to shift, in part, to a link to the spot market, and now they are groaning. Well, it is their own fault.

It is clear how this problem of high rates will be solved. We have seen the same strategy being used with other commodity groups. They simply print more money. In the past year alone, the money supply in the EU has increased by around one trillion euros. The problem is what Europe is going to do with this money. Europe will, just like with other goods, including food, grab them and gas from the global market. As a result, other countries, especially developing countries, will have to overpay for these energy resources.

The resources that come to the European market are sold literally triple the price, as I have said, and this feeds [[inflation]]. It has already reached 10 percent in the euro zone. It is hitting ordinary Europeans as their electricity and gas bills have more than tripled over the past year. The European population is stocking up on wood for winter, like in the Middle Ages.

What does Russia have to do with it? They are constantly trying to blame others for their own mistakes, in this case Russia. I want to stress again that it is their own fault. It is not even a result of certain actions during the [[special military operation]] in Ukraine and [[Donbas]]s. Absolutely not. It is the result of years and years of bad energy policy. Years and years....

the leaders of some countries, their bureaucratic elites dismiss these obvious considerations, and, on someone else's command, are deliberately pursuing a policy of deindustrialising their countries, reducing people’s quality of life, which will certainly entail irreversible consequences....

The so-called [[neo-liberal]] ideologists of the West are known to have destroyed [[traditional values]] before, we all see. Now, they seem to have set their sights on [[free enterprise]] and private initiative....

We strongly believe that stability, balanced energy markets and a secure future for all nations can only be ensured through joint efforts in an open and honest dialogue based on the principles of joint responsibility and consideration for each other's national interests.

This is the kind of dialogue we have established with our partners under the [[OPEC]]+ agreement, as I have just mentioned. As you know, we recently reached the most recent agreements, which primarily reflect supply and demand trends for oil, as well as long-term investment programmes for the oil industry, which, as I have already said, is objectively underfunded....

Colleagues,

Russia is one of the key participants in the global energy market and among the world leaders in oil and gas production and exports, as well as electricity generation and coal mining.

Despite the sanctions and [[sabotage]] of infrastructure, we do not intend to cede our positions. We will continue to ensure stable energy security and expand ties with countries that are interested in this....

We could move the lost volume of transit through the Nord Stream pipelines along the bottom of the [[Baltic Sea]] to the [[Black Sea]] region and thus make Turkiye the main route for the supply of our fuel, our natural gas to Europe and create a major gas hub for Europe in Turkiye, if, of course, our partners are interested in seeing this happen. It is an economically viable project with much higher safety levels as can be seen from recent events....

Friends,

The global energy industry is now facing unprecedented challenges and problems. The short-sighted and erroneous actions by a number of Western countries have been pushing the international community into this situation for years – I have already mentioned this, and I think I was quite convincing.

Effective and constructive ways out of the situation should certainly be the subject of thorough, professional, and depoliticised discussions, including at Russian Energy Week.

I repeat: Russia is ready for a trust-based partnership in the energy sector that serves the interests of our countries’ sustainable development and their reliable access to affordable energy. And we know that this approach is shared by the overwhelming majority of our partners and countries around the world."<ref>http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/69584</ref>}}

====Comments on the Ukrainian nuclear dirty bomb====
On October 26, 2022, President Putin held a working meeting, via videoconference, with the permanent members of the Security Council of Russia. President Putin noted in that meeting:
{{quotebox-float|"Some countries have long been using the tactics of [[blackmail]], pressure and intimidation throughout the CIS space. In particular, attempts continue to be made to implement ‘[[color revolution]]’ scenarios, methods involving [[nationalism]] and [[extremism]] are employed, and armed conflicts, which directly threaten the security of all CIS members, are being stoked.

We can see the goals of those who are doing this in Ukraine, which has been made an instrument of [[US foreign policy]]. The country has actually lost its [[sovereignty]] and is being directly governed by the United States, which is using it as a battering ram against Russia, [[Belarus]], which is a member of our Union State, and the CSTO and the CIS in general.

At the same time, we can see the United States’ real attitude to its client states. Ukraine was almost immediately turned into a testing site for military biological experiments and is being flooded with weapons, including heavy weaponry, without any heed to the Kiev regime’s statements about its desire to obtain [[nuclear weapon]]s. The Kiev authorities have declared this desire publicly, but everyone keeps silent. We also know about their plans to use a so-called “[[dirty bomb]]” as a provocation.<ref>https://youtu.be/e3YWaIq0fFk</ref>}}

====2022 Valdai Club speech====
Addressing the 2022 Valdai Club Conference,<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TryhKTBBdBs Vladimir Putin Address at the Valdai International Discussion Club 2022]</ref> President Putin said:
{{quotebox-float|"Power over the world is what the West has put at stake in the game it plays...Western nations, which want to [[Hollywood values|impose their values]] and vision as universal, are robbing everyone, including themselves...First of all, this eradicates the creative potential of the West itself...There is a mercantile interest here too...Our adversaries, as I would call them, are trying to expand markets for their products...It’s ultimately as primitive as that...This game is certainly dangerous, bloody and I would call it dirty...Western nations deny others on the global scene the right to any kind of independence, be it political, economical or cultural...Last December [2021], Russia’s proposals to address its concerns about national security were “tossed aside” by [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]]...But in the modern world, sitting aside is hardly an option, the West can’t sit out the crises it caused...He who sows the wind will reap the whirlwind, as the proverb says”.}}

====Fundamentals of State Policy for the Preservation and Strengthening of Traditional Russian Spiritual and Moral Values====
On November 9, 2022, President Putin signed the decree “On Approval of the Fundamentals of State Policy for the Preservation and Strengthening of Traditional Russian Spiritual and Moral Values”,<ref>http://actual.pravo.gov.ru/text.html#pnum=0001202211090019</ref> wherein it declared:
{{quotebox-float|“The activities of [[extremist]] and [[terrorist]] organizations, certain [[mass media]] and mass communications, the actions of the [[United States of America]] and other unfriendly foreign states, a number of transnational corporations and foreign [[non-profit organization]]s, as well as the activities of certain organizations and individuals on the territory of Russia, pose a threat to [[traditional values]].

The [[ideological]] and [[psychological]] impact on [[citizen]]s leads to the planting of a system of ideas and values alien to the Russian people and destructive to Russian [[society]] (hereinafter referred to as destructive ideology), including the cultivation of selfishness, permissiveness, [[immoral]]ity, the denial of the ideals of [[patriotism]], service to the Fatherland, the natural continuation of life, values strong [[family]], [[marriage]], large families, creative [[work]], Russia's positive contribution to [[world history]] and [[culture]], the destruction of the traditional family through the promotion of non-traditional [[sexual]] relations.

The destructive ideological impact on the citizens of Russia is becoming a threat to the [[demographic]] situation in the country.

The activities of public legal entities, organizations and individuals that contribute to the spread of destructive ideology pose an objective threat to the national interests of the Russian Federation.”}}

====2023 News Year message====
{{quotebox-float|"It was a year of difficult, necessary decisions, major steps towards gaining the full sovereignty of Russia and the powerful consolidation of our society...The truly pivotal, fateful events of 2022 have become a milestone laying the foundation for the common future of Russians and their true independence...This is what we are fighting for today...It was a year that put a lot in its place, clearly separated courage and heroism from betrayal and cowardice, showed that there is no higher power than love for one’s family and friends, loyalty to friends and comrades, devotion to one's Fatherland...The West has been lying about peace for years, but in fact it was preparing for aggression:...And today it is openly admitting this, no longer embarrassed...They are cynically using Ukraine and its people to weaken and split Russia...The Western elites hypocritically assured of their peaceful intentions, including the settlement of the conflict in the Donbass, but in fact in every possible way encouraged the neo-Nazis...Russia's struggle for its interests and its future will become an inspiring example for other states in their striving for a fair multipolar world order”.<ref>https://youtu.be/eY7OnVctIPk</ref>}}

====Speech commemorating the 80th anniversary of victory at Stalingrad====
{{See also|Battle of Stalingrad}}
Vladimir Putin made a speech at the commemorative activities on the 80th anniversary of the defeat of the German forces by the Red Army in the Battle of Stalingrad.<ref>http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/70434</ref>
{{quotebox-float|"Unfortunately we see that the ideology of Nazism in its modern form and manifestation again directly threatens the security of our country. Again and again, we have to repel the aggression of the [[collective West]].... It's incredible, but it's a fact. We are again being threatened with [[German]] [[Leopard 2|Leopard tank]]s with [[Iron Cross]]es on them. Once again, they are preparing to battle Russia on Ukrainian soil at the hands of the followers of [[Hitler]] and [[Bandera]]....We know that despite the efforts of official, corrupt propaganda by an unfriendly Western elite, we have a lot of friends all around the world, including in [[America]], [[North America]] and [[Europe]].... Those who draw European countries, including Germany, into a new war with Russia, and even declare this as a done deal, those who are betting they will defeat Russia on the battlefield clearly don't understand that modern war with Russia will be quite different for them. We don't send our tanks to their borders, but we have the means to respond, and it won't end with the use of armored vehicles."<ref>https://youtu.be/l-2egU4YhZA</ref>}}

====2023 State of the Nation speech====
On February 21, 2023 Vladimir Putin delivered his globally televised State of the Nation speech for 2023 to the Federal Assembly highlighting in part the situation in NATO countries:
{{quotebox-float|"They can’t help but realize that it’s not possible to defeat Russia on the battlefield, and so they are carrying out ever-more aggressive information attacks against us. The chosen target is, first and foremost, our young people, the younger generations. And here again they lie constantly, distort historical facts, engage in non-stop attacks on our [[culture]], on the [[Russian Orthodox Church]], and other traditional religious organizations of our country.

Look at what they’re doing to their own peoples: the destruction of the [[family]], of cultural and national identity, perversions and abuses against [[children]], up to [[pedophilia]], are declared to the norm, the norm of their lives, while [[clergy]]men and [[priest]]s are forced to bless [[same-sex marriage]]s. Millions of people in the West have come to understand that they are being led to a real spiritual catastrophe, with their elites seemingly going mad, and it seems there is no cure. Moscow cannot allow its young people to fall victim to the kind of spiritual degradation and degeneration that has already befallen many Western countries.

But I would like to tell them: look, please forgive me, to the [[Holy Scripture]]s – the main texts of all of the world’s religions. Everything is explained there, including that a family is the union of a [[man]] and a [[woman]]. But even these holy texts are now being questioned. The [[Anglican Church]], for example, now plans, and for now only plans, to consider the idea of a [[gender-neutral]] God. What can we say here? “Father forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing”.<ref>[http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/70565 Presidential Address to Federal Assembly], February 21, 2023.</ref>}}

=== Views on abortion ===
Putin rejects any constitutional right to [[abortion]], as exists in the United States, but is not ready to ban abortion from [[Russia]] either. Instead, Putin has supported and enforced [[pro-life]] laws in Russian which would be invalidated by [[pro-abortion]] courts in the United States. In 2017, he said that he will allow societal (including church) views to guide him on the issue:<ref>[http://fortune.com/2017/12/14/vladimir-putin-russia-abortion-pro-choice-press-conference/ An article biased in favor of [[abortion]] but useful for its quotations]</ref>

:“In the modern world, the decision is up to the woman herself,” Putin said, and indicated that additional pro-life proposals “must be careful, considered and based on the general mood in society and the moral and ethical norms that have developed in society.”

Putin's "the decision" is an ambiguous phrase that could include the decision to have the pregnancy in the first place. Also, Putin is very pro-[[Russia]] and if thinks abortion is lowering the birth rate in a harmful way, then he could abolish it based on national interests.

===Views on wokism===

Putin told the Valdai Club in October 2021,<ref>https://www.rt.com/russia/538121-putin-children-swap-gender-monstrous/</ref>
[[File:Putin popularity.PNG|right|300px|thumb|Vladimir Putin's Popularity rating rose to 83% during the Russia-Ukraine war.<ref>https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/russia-ukraine-latest-news-2022-03-30/card/putin-s-approval-rating-jumps-after-invasion-poll-shows-fm8f4uSdiVfTxORQOE0v</ref>]]
{{quotebox-float|"We see with bemusement the process unfolding in countries that have grown accustomed to viewing themselves as the flagships of [[Progressive|progress]]. Of course it's none of our business what is happening - the social and cultural shocks that are happening in some Western countries. Some believe that aggressive blotting out of whole pages of your own history, and the requirement to renounce the traditional interpretation of such basic values as mother, father, family, and the distinction between sexes are a milestone towards a renewal of society...we have a different point of view. We believe, at least the overwhelming majority of Russian society, that we need to rely on our own spiritual values and our historical traditions.

On the culture of our multi-ethnic nation, the proponents of so-called 'social progress' believe that they are bringing a new consciousness to humanity. Something that is [[political correctness|more correct]]...The recipes they come up with are nothing new. Paradoxical as it may seem, but this is something we saw in Russia. It happened in our country before and after the [[October Revolution|1917 Revolution]]. The [[Bolshevik]]s followed the dogmas of [[Marx]] and [[Engels]]. And they also declared that they were going to change the traditional lifestyle, the political, the economic lifestyle, as well as the very notion of [[morality]], the basic principles. Fully, healthy society they were trying to destroy, century-long values. Revisiting the relationship between people. They were encouraging informing on one's own beloved and families. It was hailed as "the March of Progress" and it was very [[Popular Front|popular across the world]]. And it was supported by many.

As we see it is happening right now. Incidentally, the Bolsheviks were absolutely intolerant of other opinions different from their own. I think this should remind you of something that is happening...it is with puzzlement that we see the practices Russia used to have, and that we left behind... The fight for equality and against discrimination turns into an aggressive dogmatism on the brink of absurdity. When great authors of the past such as [[Shakespeare]] are no longer taught in
schools and universities because they did not understand the importance of gender or race.

And [[Hollywood]]. There are leaflets reminding what you should do in the films - how many personalities and actors you've got, what kind of color, what sex, and sometimes it's even stricter than what the Department of Propaganda of the Soviet Communist Party Central Committee did. And the fight against racism, which is a lofty goal, turns into [[cancel culture]] and reverse discrimination. Racism in reverse. It tears people apart. Whereas the true fighters for [[civil rights]], they were trying to eliminate those differences....[[Martin Luther King]] said "I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character." That is a true value. ...in Russia, most of our Republics simply do not care what skin color you have. He or she, that's not that important, because each and every one of us is a human being. That's the most important thing.

The discussion about the rights of men and women has turned into a total phantasmagoria in a number of Western countries...Those who risk saying that men and women still exist, and that this is a biological fact, are virtually ostracized...And this is not new...In the 1920s, Soviet culture-warriors invented a so-called ‘[[newspeak]]’, believing that in this way they would create a new sense of consciousness and redefine people’s values...This is not to mention things that are simply monstrous, like when children are taught from an early age that a boy can easily become a girl and vice versa...In fact, they are indoctrinating them into the alleged choices that are supposedly available to everyone – removing parents from the equation and forcing the child to make decisions that can ruin their lives...This is borderline crime against humanity - all under the guise of "progress."<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g6sIZ8-C1vw</ref>}}

=== Views on communism and the Soviet Union ===
[[File:Solzhenitsyn and Putin.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Russian President Vladimir Putin presents [[human rights]] activist [[Alexander Solzhenitsyn]] with an award. Solzhenitsyn set in motion the movement that toppled Soviet communism.]]
Putin famously said, "Whoever does not miss the Soviet Union has no heart. Whoever wants it back has no brain."<ref>https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/vladimir_putin_452527</ref>

Putin has before called the [[Bolshevik]]s traitors for Russia's defeat in the First World War.<ref>https://www.rt.com/politics/putin-accuses-bolsheviks-treason-877/</ref> However, he has also expressed that "[he] liked Communist and socialist ideas very much and [he] like[s] them still." and compared the Soviet code of conduct to the [[Bible]].<ref>http://www.newsweek.com/russias-putin-says-he-always-liked-communist-socialist-ideas-419289</ref><ref>https://pjmedia.com/faith/tyler-o-neil/2018/01/17/putin-soviet-communism-is-very-similar-to-christianity-party-rules-are-a-bible-excerpt-n101328</ref> Putin also has compared communism with Christianity.<ref>Newman, Alex (January 16, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/asia/item/28051-communism-very-similar-to-christianity-putin-claims Communism “Very Similar” to Christianity, Putin Claims]. ''The New American''. Retrieved January 17, 2018.</ref> Putin has been accused by Western media of embracing the tactics of Soviet dictator [[Joseph Stalin]].<ref>https://www.latimes.com/world/europe/la-fg-russia-stalin-model-20150611-story.html</ref> In addition, he implies in an interview with [[Larry King]] dated September 8, 2000 that his Christianity isn't actually sincere by stating in Russian that he "believes in the power of man" or "I believe in human beings." Though a few years later, his faith became more genuine.<ref>https://www.quora.com/Is-Vladimir-Putin-personally-religious</ref> Furthermore, around October 2017, he hosted the 19th World Festival of Youth and Students Communist event and gave a speech that strongly implied that he adhered to Communism.<ref>http://www.trevorloudon.com/2017/10/non-communist-putin-opens-major-international-communist-youth-festival/</ref><ref>http://www.trevorloudon.com/2017/07/russia-to-host-major-international-communist-youth-festival-on-putins-instructions/</ref>

Since passage of Sen. [[John McCain]]'s [[Magnitsky Act]], also known as the Russia sanctions bill which was signed into law by [[Barack Obama]] in an attempt to cripple the Russian Federation, Russia has been driven back into competition with the [[military-industrial complex]] It has provided arms and materiel to various communist groups, including [[Angola]], and has voiced a desire to reconnect with Latin America shortly before the FSLN regained power in Nicaragua and has supported [[Nicaragua]] via foreign aid, shipping tanks, and even posting a GLONASS tracking station on the Caribbean coast, alongside similar arming of North Korea.<ref>https://westernfreepress.com/is-vladimir-putin-a-communist/</ref><ref>https://www.trevorloudon.com/2017/12/is-vladimir-putin-a-communist/</ref> Putin is a close ally of the [[Venezuela]]'s Marxist Dictator [[Nicolás Maduro]] which he defends internationally.<ref>https://www.dw.com/es/la-alianza-estrat%C3%A9gica-de-maduro-y-putin/a-46618225</ref><ref>https://www.infobae.com/america/venezuela/2019/06/06/vladimir-putin-volvio-a-respaldar-a-maduro-y-dijo-que-sus-asesores-militares-cumpliran-las-obligaciones-de-rusia-en-venezuela/</ref> He also indicated that he still keeps his KGB card while citing his contemporaries within the KGB had discarded theirs after the USSR's fall.<ref>https://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/patrick-goodenough/putin-his-communist-party-membership-card-i-still-keep-it-home</ref>

=== Views on Islam ===
In January 2018 Putin said that "[t]raditional Islam is an integral part of the Russian cultural code". He also vowed to support Islamic religious education.<ref>https://themoscowtimes.com/news/putin-calls-for-revival-of-islamic-education-in-russia-60276</ref>

Putin has openly endorsed the right of the Chechen people to cultural hegemony in the Chechen Federated Republic of the Russian Federation under [[Ramzan Kadyrov]].<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2016/03/26/putin-insists-on-russian-law-in-chechnya-while-supporting-muslim-president/</ref> Kadyrov has de facto established Islamic rule in the region and was condemned by the international community for slaughtering gay citizens.<ref>https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/chechnya-ramzan-kadyrov-gay-citizens-massacre-chechen-leader-do-not-exist-russia-vladimir-putin-a7675906.html</ref> Chechen authorities have imposed a compulsory Islamic dresscode for women.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-12705300</ref>

==Criticism==
According to Western [[propaganda]] sources, "Putin's Russia is an authoritarian system, with restricted capitalism, a rubber stamp parliament, compliant media, imprisoned or exiled oligarchs, harassed NGOs, marginalized pro-Western democratic parties, and a foreign policy based on confronting [[Western]] hypocrisy, double standards, and cultural decadence, all based on money from oil and gas."<ref>[https://www.forbes.com/sites/melikkaylan/2016/09/20/putin-brings-back-the-kgb-as-russia-moves-from-authoritarian-to-totalitarian/#48e4a416398a</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-32860526]</ref> Corporate media television host Sean Hannity claims that Putin is a thug and a "bad actor" who cannot be trusted.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/transcript/2018/02/16/hannity-examining-key-points-from-russian-indictments.html Hannity: Examining key points from Russian indictments]</ref>

Putin critics allege many political opponents have been "[[Jeffrey Epstein|Epsteined]]" or [[Arkancide]]d. However many of his countrymen credit Putin with cleaning up [[corruption]], particularly among [[Western alliance|Western]] [[oligarch]]s and looters. [[Robert Kraft]], an [[NFL]] plantation master<ref>https://bleacherreport.com/articles/10016725-colin-kaepernick-compares-nfl-combine-to-slavery-in-colin-in-black-and-white</ref> who was arrested on a morals charge in [[Florida]], accused Putin of stealing Kraft's [[Super Bowl]] ring. Putin responded that Kraft gave it to him as a gift.

==Quotes==
*"Anyone who doesn't regret the passing of the Soviet Union has no heart. Anyone who wants it restored has no brains."<ref>Parfitt, Tom (December 23, 2007). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/dec/23/russia.tomparfitt Spy who came in from the cold]. ''The Guardian''. Retrieved September 15, 2018.</ref>

*“Either they don't understand what they are doing to their own country, in which case they are simply stupid, or they understand everything in which case they are dangerous and corrupt.”<ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-putin/putin-offers-transcript-to-prove-trump-did-not-pass-russia-secrets-idUSKCN18D1EA</ref>

*“I think all sober-minded people who really are involved in politics understand that the idea of a Russian threat to, for example, the Baltics is complete madness. Are we really about to fight NATO? How many people are there in the NATO countries? About 600 million, correct? There are 146 million people in Russia. Yes, we're the biggest nuclear power. But do you really think that we're about to conquer the Baltics using nuclear weapons? What is this madness?”

*If nukes head towards Russia we are going to Paradise, but they won't have time to repent."<ref>https://youtu.be/YeNwyVG8Egs</ref>

*"Hitler tried to destroy Russia. Everyone needs to remember how that ended."

*"If you try to bite Russia, we'll knock your teeth out."

*"[[Berlusconi]] is being tried because he lives with women. If he were homosexual, no one would lift a finger against him."<ref>https://www.azquotes.com/quote/1202445</ref>

*"There is also the so-called [[liberal]] idea, which has outlived its purpose. Our Western partners have admitted that some elements of the liberal idea, such as [[multiculturalism]], are no longer tenable."<ref>https://www.ft.com/video/a49cfa25-610e-438c-b11d-5dac19619e08</ref>

*"Parent number one' and 'parent number two': 'birth parent' instead of 'mother', banning the use of the phrase 'breast milk' and replacing it with 'human milk' so that people who are insecure about their gender will not be upset...This is nothing new...In the 1920s the Soviet so-called ''kulturträgers'' also invented the so-called ‘[[newspeak]]’, proposing that in this way they could create a new consciousness and change society's values”.<ref>https://loveexpands.com/quotes/vladimir-putin-1324586/</ref>

*"We all hear about the so-called ‘Putin price hike’ in the West. When I see this, I wonder who they expect would buy this stupidity – people who cannot read or write, maybe. Anyone literate enough to read would understand what is actually happening. - Vladimir Putin, June 17, 2022.

*"First, they [the West] jumped ahead, and then, after cutting off Russian gas supplies, returned to everything that was reviled...And if you jump ahead, get cheap Russian gas, and then cut off the supply of this gas yourself and immediately switch back to everything that was previously condemned, including [[coal]]-fired generation, this, of course, is not the best option for solving global problems”. - September 5, 2022.

*"I have the impression – and this is particularly true for European countries – that these former colonial powers are still living in the paradigm of colonial philosophy, and they are used to living at the expense of others. They still fail to get rid of this paradigm in their daily policies. But it is time to draw certain conclusions and act differently, in a more civilised manner." - September 16, 2022.<ref>http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/press_conferences/69366</ref>

*"The cost of food on the world market has returned to the levels of the beginning of the year, and it is currently 40 percent higher than in 2020...This is a direct consequence - without any exaggeration - of the predatory policy pursued by the world’s richest countries, which continue to actively buy food using, among other things, the printing of money, which they are constantly carrying out.”

*"There’s a lot of noise right now about our strikes against the energy infrastructure of the neighboring country...Yes we are doing it, but who started it?...Who struck the [[Crimean bridge]]?...Who blew up the power lines of the Kursk Nuclear Power Station?...Who is not providing water to Donetsk?...Not providing water to a city of one million is an act of genocide...No one said a word about it anywhere...At all...Complete silence...Just as we make a move, do something in response...Noise and crackle start from the whole universe...This will not stop us from completing military objectives.”

*"Now they are persistently trying to convince you that all your difficulties are the result of some hostile actions of Russia, that you have to pay for the fight against the mythical Russian threat from your own wallet. All this is a lie. And the truth is that the current problems that millions of people in [[the West]] face are the result of many years of actions by the ruling [[elitism|elites]] of their states, their mistakes, myopia and ambitions. Well, how can this be printed in the West?”

*“Artificial intelligence is the future, not only for Russia, but for all humankind. It comes with colossal opportunities, but also threats that are difficult to predict. Whoever becomes the leader in this sphere will become the ruler of the world.”

*"Let me repeat: we did not start the military activities, we are trying to end them...They started the war...For eight years, that war continued – a war to exterminate people who live there, who feel themselves related by blood to Russia and Russian culture...How long were we supposed to tolerate that?”

*"Russia’s ethnic and cultural diversity is an all-conquering force that many people outside the country fail to grasp...Our nation was built on the value of multinational harmony...It’s the most important foundation of our consolidation, which only becomes stronger in the face of foreign pressure and threats...Our adversaries are people with neocolonial thinking, dimwits in fact, who do not understand that this diversity makes us stronger...When they talk about us, they think about themselves and imagine that we are like them...They say Russia has to be partitioned into dozens of small states...The goal is clear – to subjugate them, exploit them and use them for profit...But attempts by these morons to sow discord within Russia are doomed to failure.”

*"What is happening now in Ukraine will never suit Russia. In Russia there will never be anything neo-Nazi."

*“I have many friends since childhood who are Jewish. They say that Zelensky is not a Jew, he is a disgrace to the Jewish people...I’m not joking, this is not irony...The current Ukrainian authorities openly celebrate Nazi figures, most notably [[Stepan Bandera]], a Ukrainian nationalist who collaborated with the [[Third Reich]] during World War II...Out of six million Jews killed during the [[Holocaust]], 1.5 million were from Ukraine, with Ukrainian nationalists heavily involved in mass executions...However, nobody wants to hear about Bandera being an [[anti-Semite]], because Zelensky himself is a Jew...But with his actions, he provides cover for this scum.”

==See also==
* [[Dmitri Medvedev]]
* [[Crisis in Ukraine]]
* [[Russophobia]]
* [[Oleg Deripaska]]
* [[Yelena Baturina]]

==Further reading==
* Baker, Peter, and Susan Glasser. ''Kremlin Rising: Vladimir Putin's Russia and the End of Revolution'' (2nd ed. 2007); [https://www.amazon.com/Kremlin-Rising-Vladimir-Revolution-Updated/dp/1597971227/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256923460&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Goldman, Marshall I. ''Petrostate: Putin, Power, and the New Russia'' (2008) [https://www.amazon.com/Petrostate-Putin-Power-New-Russia/dp/0195340736/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256915128&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]
* Lucas, Edward. ''The New Cold War: Putin's Russia and the Threat to the West'' (2009) [https://www.amazon.com/New-Cold-War-Putins-Russia/dp/0230614345/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256915128&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Stuermer, Michael. ''Putin and the Rise of Russia'' (2009)
* Wegren, Stephen K., and Dale R. Herspring, eds. ''After Putin's Russia: Past Imperfect, Future Uncertain'' (4th ed. 2009) [https://www.amazon.com/After-Putins-Russia-Imperfect-Uncertain/dp/0742557855/ref=tmm_pap_title_0 excerpt and text search]
* Poleev, Andrej. [https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4621093 Putinism: A Phenomenological and Prototypical Investigation.] (2012-2021).

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://putin.kremlin.ru/ Official Putin Website]
* [http://kremlin.ru/ Official President of Russia Website]
* [[David Horowitz|Horowitz, David]], [http://frontpagemag.com/2013/frontpagemag-com/putin-and-the-shadow-of-the-kgb-on-the-glazov-gang/ Putin and the shadow of the KGB on the Glazov Gang], Sherman Oaks, [[California]]: [http://www.frontpagemag.com/about/ David Horowitz Freedom Center], Published April 5, 2013.
*[https://youtu.be/cMFIWBQB1kE WATCH and LISTEN: Putin Sings Russian National Anthem With 130,000 People!] (Subtitles and lyrics in closed captioning)
*[https://youtu.be/8X7Ng75e5gQ Vladimir Pozner: How the United States Created Vladimir Putin], YaleUniversity, Oct. 2, 2018. YouTube
*[https://youtu.be/wJ_v01xAESg Operation Liberation: In-depth look at the special operation in Ukraine | DIG DEEP DOCUMENTARY], Jun 5, 2022. youtube.com
*[https://youtu.be/7sQv16oIu9c Putin 'not a bluff' speech]
*[https://youtu.be/6PR3m0FU8UQ PUTIN Is Our Everything. Literally. Do U Want To Know What Inside Putin's Mind? Experience PUTIN AI].
*[https://claremontreviewofbooks.com/portrait-of-power/ Portrait of Power: Demystifying Vladimir Putin], by Sean McMeekin, Claremont Review of Books, summer 2022 essays.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Putin, Vladimir}}

[[Category:Current Heads of State]]
[[Category:Russian People]]
[[Category:Russian Political People]]
[[Category:Orthodox Christians]]
[[Category:Men]]
[[Category:Nationalists]]
[[Category:Pro-Life]]

Noah Webster

2023-06-20T19:21:00Z

Aidanram0:

[[Image:Noahwebster.gif|right|frame]]
'''Noah Webster''' (1758-1843) was an American lexicographer, textbook author, spelling reformer, political writer, and editor. He has been called the "Father of American Scholarship and Education." His name means "dictionary" to Americans, as he modernized the American language by ridding it of old forms. He was one of the most prolific authors in history, and for a while was a leading newspaper editor.

Webster's blue-backed spellers were textbooks for children that taught five generations of children in the United States how to spell and read, and made elementary education more secular and less religious. He was increasingly religious himself, and proomoted Bible study. In the U.S. his name became synonymous with "dictionary," especially the modern Merriam-Webster dictionary that was first published in 1828 as ''An American Dictionary of the English Language''. Unfortunately, current editions of Merriam-Websiter "English" Dictionaries have been modified to include popular colloquialisms, as well as definitions perpetuating left-wing thought and condemning right-wing ideology (see: Liberal Bias in Popular Dictionaries).

==Biography==
Noah Webster was born in Hartford, Connecticut to an established Yankee family. His father Noah Sr. (1722-1813) farmed 90 acres, was justice of the peace and deacon of the local Congregational church, and was captain on the "alarm list" of the local militia. Noah's father was a descendant of Connecticut Governor John Webster; his mother Mercy (''née'' Steele; d. 1794) was a descendant of Governor [[William Bradford]] of [[Plymouth Colony]].

In 1774, at the age of 16, Noah went to Yale College, studying with the learned [[Ezra Stiles]], Yale's president. His four years at Yale overlapped with the [[American Revolution]], and because of food shortages, many of his college classes were held in a nearby farming town. He served in the Connecticut militia, but never saw combat.

He graduated from Yale in 1778, then taught and studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1781 and practiced until 1789. Discovering that law was not to his liking, he tried teaching, setting up several very small schools that did not thrive.

==Political vision==
By 1781, Webster had an expansive view of the new nation. American nationalism was superior to Europe because American values were superior, he claimed.<ref>Ellis 170</ref>
<blockquote>
America sees the absurdities—she sees the kingdoms of Europe, disturbed by wrangling sectaries, or their commerce, population and improvements of every kind cramped and retarded, because the human mind like the body is fettered 'and bound fast by the chords of policy and superstition': She laughs at their folly and shuns their errors: She founds her empire upon the idea of universal toleration: She admits all religions into her bosom—She secures the sacred rights of every individual; and (astonishing absurdity to Europeans!) she sees a thousand discordant opinions live in the strictest harmony ... it will finally raise her to a pitch of greatness and lustre, before which the glory of ancient Greece and Rome shall dwindle to a point, and the splendor of modern Empires fade into obscurity. </blockquote>
Webster dedicated his Speller and Dictionary to providing an intellectual foundation for American nationalism. In the 1780s, Noah Webster was an outspoken supporter of the Constitution. In terms of political theory, he deemphasized virtue (a core value of federalism) and emphasized widespread ownership of property.

Webster married well and had joined the elite in Hartford but never had much money. In 1793, [[Alexander Hamilton]] loaned him $1500 to move to New York City and edit a newspaper for the new [[Federalist Party]]. In December Webster founded New York's first daily newspaper, ''American Minerva'' (later known as ''The Commercial Advertiser''). He edited it for four years, writing the equivalent of 20 volumes of articles and editorials. He also published the semi-weekly publication, ''The Herald, A Gazette for the country'' (later known as ''The New York Spectator''). As a partisan, he soon was denounced by the Democratic-Republicans as "a pusillanimous, half-begotten, self-dubbed patriot," "an incurable lunatic," and "a deceitful newsmonger ... Pedagogue and Quack." Fellow Federalist Cobbett labeled him "a traitor to the cause of Federalism", calling him "a toad in the service of sans-cullottism," "a prostitute wretch," "a great fool, and a barefaced liar," "a spiteful viper," and "a maniacal pedant." The master of words was distressed. Even the use of words like "the people," "democracy," and "equality" in public debate bothered him, for such words were "metaphysical abstractions that either have no meaning, or at least none that mere mortals can comprehend." <ref>Ellis 199, 206.</ref>

Webster followed French radical thought and was one of the few Americans who admired [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]]. He urged a neutral foreign policy when France and Briatin went to war in 1793. But when French minister Edmund Genêt set up a network of pro-Jacobin "Democratic Republican societies" that entered American politics and attacked Washington, Webster condemned them. He called on fellow Federalist editors to "all agree to let the clubs alone—publish nothing for or against them. They are a plant of exotic and forced birth: the sunshine of peace will destroy them."

For decades he was the most prolific author in the new nation, publishing textbooks, political essays for his Federalist party, and newspaper articles at a remarkable rate (a modern bibliography of his published works required 655 pages.)

The Websters moved back to New Haven in 1798, and he served in the Connecticut House of Representatives in 1800 and 1802-7.

==Speller ==
As a teacher, he had come to dislike American elementary schools. They were poorly staffed with untrained teachers, and poorly equipped with unsatisfactory textbooks that came from England. The most popular American speller was ''[[The New England Primer]]'', which stressed religion; Webster replaced it with a speller that taught patriotism. In 1782 he began writing a three volume compendium, ''A Grammatical Institute of the English Language''.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=tX8SAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA1&dq=inauthor:Noah+inauthor:webster&num=30&as_brr=1 See full text at]</ref> The work consisted of a speller (published in 1783), a grammar (published in 1784), and a reader (published in 1785). His goal was to provide a uniquely American approach to training children. His most important improvement, he claimed, was to rescue of "our native tongue" from "the clamor of pedantry" that surrounded English grammar and pronunciation. He complained that the English language had been corrupted by the British aristocracy, which set its own standard for proper spelling and pronunciation. Webster rejected the notion that the study of Greek and Latin must precede the study of English grammar. The appropriate standard for the American language, argued Webster, was "the same republican principles as American civil and ecclesiastical constitutions," which meant that the people-at-large must control the language; popular sovereignty in government must be accompanied by popular usage in language. "The truth is general custom is the rule of speaking—and every deviation from this must be wrong." <ref>Ellis 172.</ref>

The ''Speller'' was arranged so that it could be easily taught to students, and it progressed by age. From his own experiences as a teacher, Webster thought the ''Speller'' should be simple and gave an orderly presentation of words and the rules of spelling and pronunciation. He believed students learned most readily when he broke a complex problem into its component parts and had each pupil master one part before moving to the next. Ellis argues that Webster anticipated some of the insights currently associated with [[Jean Piaget]]'s theory of cognitive development. Webster said that children pass through distinctive learning phases in which they master increasingly complex or abstract tasks. Therefore, teachers must not try to teach a three-year-old how to read; they could not do it until age five. He organized his speller accordingly, beginning with the alphabet and moving systematically through the different sounds of vowels and consonants, then syllables, then simple words, then more complex words, then sentences.<ref>Ellis 174.</ref>

The speller was originally entitled ''The First Part of the Grammatical Institute of the English Language''. Over the course of 385 editions in his lifetime, the title was changed in 1786 to ''The American Spelling Book'', and again in 1829 to ''The Elementary Spelling Book''. Most people called it the "Blue-Backed Speller" because of its blue cover, and for the next one hundred years, Webster's book taught children how to read, spell, and pronounce words. It was the most popular American book of its time; by 1837 it had sold 15 million copies, and some 60 million by 1890—reaching the majority of young students in the nation's first century. Its royalty of a half-cent per copy was enough to sustain Webster in his other endeavors.

Part three of his ''Grammatical Institute'' (1785) was a reader designed to uplift the mind and "diffuse the principles of virtue and patriotism." "In the choice of pieces," he explained, "I have not been inattentive to the political interests of America. Several of those masterly addresses of Congress, written at the commencement of the late Revolution, contain such noble, just, and independent sentiments of liberty and patriotism, that I cannot help wishing to transfuse them into the breasts of the rising generation." Students received the usual quota of Plutarch, Shakespeare, Swift, and Addison, as well as such Americans as Joel Barlow's ''Vision of Columbus'', Timothy Dwight's ''Conquest of Canaan'', and John Trumbull's poem ''M'Fingal.'' He included excerpts from Tom Paine's ''The Crisis'' and an essay by Thomas Day calling for the abolition of slavery in accord with the Declaration of Independence.
===Americanized spellings===
It was Noah Webster who gradually introduced many of the changes between U. S. and British spelling, dropping the '''u''' from words like ''color'' and ''honor,'' changing the '''-re''' to '''-er''' in words like ''center'' and ''theater,'' and changing '''-ce''' to '''-se''' in words like ''license'' and ''defense.''

===Copyright===
Unauthorized printing of his books, and disparate [[copyright]] laws that varied among the thirteen states, led Webster to champion the federal copyright law that was successfully passed in 1790.
===Secular textbook===
Webster's ''Speller'' was entirely secular. It ended with two pages of important dates in American history, beginning with Columbus's in 1492 and ending with the battle of Yorktown in 1781. There was no mention of God, the Bible, or sacred events. "Let sacred things be appropriated for sacred purposes," wrote Webster. As Ellis explains, "Webster began to construct a secular catechism to the nation-state. Here was the first appearance of 'civics' in American schoolbooks. In this sense, Webster's speller replaced was the secular successor to ''The New England Primer'' with its explicitly biblical injunctions." <ref>Ellis 175.</ref> In turn after 1840 Webster's books lost market share to the ''McGuffey Eclectic Readers'' of William Holmes McGuffey, which sold over 120 million copies.<ref>John H. Westerhoff III, ''McGuffey and His Readers: Piety, Morality, and Education in Nineteenth-Century America'' (1978).</ref>
===National unity===
Bynack (1984) examines Webster in relation to his commitment to the idea of a unified American national culture that would stave off the decline of republican virtues and solidarity. Webster acquired his perspective on language from such theorists as Mauertuis, Michaelis, and Herder. There he found the belief that a nation's linguistic forms and the thoughts correlated with them shaped individuals' behavior. Thus the etymological clarification and reform of American English promised to improve citizens' manners and thereby preserve republican purity and social stability. This presupposition animated Webster's ''Speller'' and ''Grammar''.

==Dictionary==
In 1806, Webster published his first dictionary, [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Compendious_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language ''A Compendious Dictionary of the English Language''].

[[Image:Noah-webster.JPG|thumb|390px]]
The following year, at the age of 43, Webster began writing an expanded and comprehensive dictionary, ''An American Dictionary of the English Language'', which took 27 years to complete. To supplement the documentation of the etymology of the words, Webster studied two dozen languages, including Anglo-Saxon and Sanskrit. Webster hoped to standardize American speech, since Americans in different parts of the country spelled, pronounced, and used words differently.

During the course of his work on the book, the family moved to [[Amherst, Massachusetts]] in 1812, where Webster helped to found [[Amherst College]]. In 1822, the family moved back to New Haven, and Webster was awarded an honorary degree from Yale in 1823.

Webster completed his dictionary during his year abroad in 1825 working in Paris and at the University of Cambridge. His book defined 70,000 words, of which 12,000 had never appeared in any earlier dictionary. As a spelling reformer, Webster believed that English spelling rules were unnecessarily complex, so his dictionary introduced [[American English]] spellings like "color" instead of "colour," "wagon" instead of "waggon," "center" instead of "centre," and "honor" instead of "honour." He also added American words that were not in Samuel Johnson's famous dictionaries like "skunk" and "squash." At the age of seventy, Webster published his great dictionary in 1828. It only sold 2,500 copies. He was forced to mortgage his home to bring out a second edition, and his life from then on was plagued with debt. In 1840, the second edition was published in two volumes.
===Impact on poetry and language===
Austin (2005) explores the intersection of lexicographical and poetic practices in American literature, and attempts to map out a "lexical poetics" using Webster's dictionaries as the. He shows the ways in which American poetry has inherited Webster, has drawn upon his lexicography in order to reinvent it. Austin explicates key definitions from both the ''Compendious'' (1806) and ''American'' (1828) dictionaries, and brings into its discourse a range of concerns, including the politics of American English, the question of national identity and culture in the early moments of American independence, and the poetics of citation and of definition. Webster's dictionaries were a redefinition of Americanism within the context of an emergent and unstable American socio-political and cultural identity. Webster's identification of his project as a "federal language" shows his competing impulses towards regularity and innovation in historical terms. Perhaps the contradictions of Webster's project comprised part of a larger dialectical play between liberty and order within Revolutionary and post-Revolutionary political debates.
==Webeter's religion==
Webster in early life was something of a freethinker, but in 1808 he became a convert to Calvinistic orthodoxy, and thereafter became a devout Congregationalist and evangelical who preached the need to Christianize the nation.<ref>Snyder (1990).</ref> Webster published his own version of the Bible in 1833, called the "Common Version." He used the [[King James Version]] as a base, and consulted the Hebrew and Greek along with various other versions and commentaries.

==Conservatism==
Webster grew increasingly authoritarian and elitist, fighting against the prevailing grain of [[Jacksonian Democracy]]. Webster viewed language as a tool to control unruly thoughts. His ''American Dictionary'' emphasized the virtues of social control over human passions and individualism, submission to authority, and fear of God; they were necessary for the maintenance of the American social order. As he grew older, Webster's attitudes changed from those of an optimistic revolutionary in the 1780s to those of a pessimistic critic of man and society by the 1820s.<ref>Rollins (1980).</ref>
==Bibliography==
* "Noah Webster" in ''The Cambridge History of English and American Literature in 18 Volumes'' (1907–21). vol 18 section 25:33 [http://www.bartleby.com/228/0233.html online edition]
* Bynack, Vincent P. "Noah Webster and the Idea of a National Culture: the Pathologies of Epistemology." ''Journal of the History of Ideas'' (1984) 45(1): 99-114. Issn: 0022-5037 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-5037%28198401%2F03%2945%3A1%3C99%3ANWLTAT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Y Fulltext in Jstor]
* Ellis, Joseph J. ''After the Revolution: Profiles of Early American Culture'' (1979). chapter 6, interpretive essay [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=101499638 online edition]
* Gallardo, Andres. "The Standardization of American English." PhD dissertation State U. of New York, Buffalo 1980. 367 pp. DAI 1981 41(8): 3557-A. 8104193, focused on Webster's dictionary
* Lepore, Jill. "Noah's Mark: Webster and the original dictionary wars." ''The New Yorker,'' (November 6, 2006). 78-87.
* Malone, Kemp. "Webster, Noah," ''Dictionary of American Biography,'' Volume 10 (1936)
* Micklethwait, David. ''Noah Webster and the American Dictionary'' (2005)
* Morgan, John S. ''Noah Webster'' (1975), popular biography
* Moss, Richard J. ''Noah Webster.'' Twayne, 1984. 131 pp.
* Nelson, C. Louise. "Neglect of Economic Education in Webster's 'Blue-Backed Speller'" ''American Economist'', Vol. 39, 1995 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000309723 online edition]
* Rollins, Richard. ''The Long Journey of Noah Webster'' (1980) (ISBN 0-8122-7778-3)
* Rollins, Richard M. "Words as Social Control: Noah Webster and the Creation of the American Dictionary." ''American Quarterly'' 1976 28(4): 415-430. Issn: 0003-0678 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-0678%28197623%2928%3A4%3C415%3AWASCNW%3E2.0.CO%3B2-G in Jstor]
* Scudder, Horace Elisha. ''Noah Webster'' (1885) 302 pages [https://books.google.com/books?id=C29hfOcW32kC&pg=PA1&dq=intitle:noah+intitle:webster&num=30&as_brr=1 online edition]
* Snyder, K. Alan. ''Defining Noah Webster: Mind and Morals in the Early Republic.'' University Press of America, 1990. 421 pp.
* Southard, Bruce. "Noah Webster: America's Forgotten Linguist." ''American Speech'' 1979 54(1): 12-22. Issn: 0003-1283 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-1283%28197921%2954%3A1%3C12%3ANWAFL%3E2.0.CO%3B2-G in Jstor]
* Unger, Harlow Giles. ''Noah Webster: The Life and Times of an American Patriot'' (1998), scholarly biography
* Warfel, Harry R. ''Noah Webster: Schoolmaster to America'' (1936), standard biography

===Primary sources===
* Babbidge, Homer D. Jr., ed., ''Noah Webster: On Being American'' (1967), selections from his writings
* Carpenter, Edwin A. ''A Bibliography of the Writings of Noah Webster'' (1958)
* Warfel, Harry R. ed., ''Letters of Noah Webster'' (1953),
* Webster, Noah. ''The American Spelling Book: Containing the Rudiments of the English Language for the Use of Schools in the United States by Noah Webster'' (1999 reprint)
* Webster, Noah. ''The Autobiographies of Noah Webster: From the Letters and Essays, Memoir, and Diary.'' edited by Richard M. Rollins, U. of South Carolina Press, 1989. 378 pp.

==External links==
*[https://books.google.com/books?as_q=&num=30&btnG=Google+Search&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_libcat=0&as_brr=1&as_vt=&as_auth=Noah+webster&as_pub=&as_drrb=c&as_miny=&as_maxy=&as_isbn= Writings of Webster, online at Google.books.com]
*[http://noahwebsterhouse.org/biography.html The Noah Webster House & West Hartford Historical Society]
*[http://www.m-w.com/info/noah.htm Noah Webster] on the Merriam-Webster website
*[http://www.ctheritage.org/encyclopedia/ct1763_1818/webster.htm Connecticut Heritage website]
*[http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/WAT_WIL/WEBSTER_NOAH_1758_1843_.html Biographical entry in the [[1911 Encyclopedia Britannica]]]
*[http://1828.mshaffer.com Searchable Webster's 1828 dictionary]
*[http://edweb.sdsu.edu/people/DKitchen/new_655/webster_language.htm A proposal for spelling reform from his younger and more radical days]
*[http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/text-idx?type=simple;c=nietz;cc=nietz;sid=fe45facade6b58737889d5eb52bcdb1b;rgn=full%20text;q1=american%20spelling%20book;view=toc;subview=short;sort=occur;start=1;size=25;idno=00acf7166m ''The American Spelling Book'']
*[http://bibledatabase.com/exec/online/webster/ Webster's Bible translation]

====Notes====
<references/>
[[Category:Conservatives]]
[[Category:Dictionary]]
[[Category:Educators]]
[[Category:United States History]]
[[Category:Journalism]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Webster, Noah}}
[[Category:American Revolution]]
[[Category:Republicanism]]
[[Category:Early National U.S.]]
[[Category:Modernization]]
[[Category:Conservatives]]

Democrat election fraud

2023-04-05T22:31:49Z

Aidanram0:

{{See also|2020 election fraud}}
[[File:Stalin-140508 27880t.jpg|right|200px|thumb|"It is enough that the people know there was an election. The people who cast the votes decide nothing. The people who count the votes decide everything." - [[Joseph Stalin]]<ref>https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/joseph_stalin_109571</ref>]]
With the rise of the [[Ku Klux Klan]] after passage of the [[13th Amendment|13th]] and [[14th Amendment]]s granting voting right to [[African American]]'s, [[Democrat]]s felt it was their sacred duty to rig elections and engage in all manner of [[voter fraud]],<ref>https://theredelephants.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/try.mp4?_=2</ref> ballot box stuffing, and [[voter suppression]].<ref>https://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/campaign/126295-democrat-part-still-disenfranchising-a-oppressing-votes?rl=1</ref> Indeed, respect for the principle of one-person-one-vote versus a belief that one is entitled to steal elections, remains a defining difference between [[Republican]]s and Democrats.

The following are instances of [[election fraud]] by the [[Democratic Party|Democrat Party]]:
[[File:No-negro-equality-l.jpg|right|300px|thumb|'''No Negro Equality!''' Democratic ticket from Ohio in 1867. [[Allen G. Thurman]] later ran as Democrat [[Grover Cleveland]] running mate.<ref>https://www.jewishpress.com/blogs/sultan-knish/the-racist-origins-of-president-trumps-impeachment/2021/02/22/</ref> Cleveland passed the [[United States Civil Service Commission|Civil Service Act]] which ended the spoils system and returned Democrats to power after their Civil War defeat.]]
==2022==
{{See also|2022 Midterm elections}}
In Maricopa County, ballots that were printed too lightly to be legible were counted as votes for Hobbs, disenfranchising those who voted for Lake.

==2020==
[[File:Trump margin of victory before CCP cyber attack and vote switching.PNG|right|350px|thumb|Trump margin of victory (bottomline) in selected battleground states before Chinese vote switching cyber attack.]]
:{{See also|2020 Presidential election|Biden Putsch|Deep Rig|2020 Election fraud timeline}}
As of November 2020 [[Peter Neffenger]] was chairman of the [[corrupt]] [[voter fraud|ballot-stuffing]] and [[election fraud|election-rigging]] [[SmartMatic]] corporation.<ref>https://www.smartmatic.com/us/about/board-of-directors/detail/peter-neffenger/</ref> Neffenger was appointed to Biden's [[junta]] organization team.<ref>https://www.air.tv/watch?v=ir00pXx9QsKbvSdjsCy3nQ</ref>

Dr. Navid Keshavarz-Nia, with 35 years experience performing technical assessment, mathematical modeling, cyber-attack pattern analysis, and
security [[counterintelligence]] linked to foreign intelligence service operators, including [[China]], [[Iran]], [[North Korea]], and [[Russia]] and who has worked as a consultant and subject-matter expert supporting the [[Department of Defense]], [[FBI]] and US [[Intelligence Community]] (USIC) agencies such as the [[DIA]], [[CIA]], [[NSA]], NGA [National Geospatial Agency], and the [[DHS]] I&A [Office of Intelligence and Analysis] supporting counterintelligence, and [[law enforcement]] investigations and whom the ''[[New York Times]]'' describes as the "always the smartest person in the room,<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/09/opinion/sunday/garrison-courtney-spies-contracts.html</ref> testified under oath about Smartmatic and its role in the [[2020 Presidential election]]:
[[File:Electoral Map 11-10-20.png|right|350px|thumb|Electoral Map as of November 10, 2020. Biden 227, Trump 231, 80 uncounted.<ref>https://www.forexlive.com/news/!/decision-desk-trump-won-the-state-of-north-carolina-20201110</ref>]]
{{quotebox-float|"In my expert opinion, the DVS [ [[Dominion Voting Systems]] ] Democracy Suite, [[Scytl]]/SOE Software/eClarity and Smartmatic have not produced auditable results in the 2020 election. It is evident that ballots were not properly validated, system records were not kept, and the system experience considerable instability even several days prior to November 4, 2020 that require DVS to implement software changes at the last minute. In addition, the disparity in data distribution after 4:30 AM on November 4, 2020 indicates significant systemic anomalies that were widespread among all battleground states. The evidence is both extensive and persuasive and indicates large-scale [[fraud]] by remote operators.

"I conclude that a combination of lost cryptographic key contained on stolen USB memory cards, serious exploitable system and [[software]] vulnerabilities and operating system backdoor in DVS, Scytl, SOE Software/eClarity and Smartmatic created the perfect environment to commit widespread fraud in all states where these systems are installed. My analysis of the 2020 Election from ''NY Times'' data shows statistical anomalies across the battleground state votes. These failures are widespread and systemic - and sufficient to invalidate the [[vote]] counts.

"I conclude with high confidence that the election 2020 data were altered in all [[swing states|battleground states]] resulting in a hundreds of thousands of votes that were cast for [[President Trump]] to be transferred to [[Vice President Biden]]. These alterations were the result of systemic and widespread exploitable vulnerabilities in DVS, Scytl/SOE Software and Smartmatic systems that enabled operators to achieve
the desired results. In my view, the evidence is overwhelming and incontrovertible."<ref>https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.mied.350905/gov.uscourts.mied.350905.1.19.pdf</ref>}}
Following election night, counting stopped in five states (or parts of states): Georgia, Michigan, Nevada, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin; all but one with a Democrat governor, and all of which were close or showing a Trump lead. Concerns were raised by conservatives that counting had stopped in urban centers [[Philadelphia]], [[Detroit]], [[Milwaukee]], [[Las Vegas]], [[Atlanta]] and others in order to give the cities time to create sufficient fraudulent votes for Biden in order to win the cities' respective states.<ref name="theredelephants.com">https://theredelephants.com/there-is-undeniable-mathematical-evidence-the-election-is-being-stolen/</ref> [[Facebook]] shut down the #StopTheSteal hashtag group to illegally cover for the fraudsters and stop the whistleblowers from exposing the fraud.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/breaking-facebook-bans-pro-trump-stop-steal-page-gained-350000-followers-since-announced-wednesday/</ref><ref>https://www.defenseone.com/threats/2020/11/misinformation-2020-what-data-tells-us-about-election-related-falsehoods/169820/</ref> The [[GOP]] lost zero races for the [[U.S. House]] and won 8 of 11 governors races.
[[File:Dominion logo.png|right|350px|thumb|Dominion Voting Systems logo: Red ballots in, Blue ballots out.]]
One method to track fraudulent votes is to look closely at how many of the votes did little or no down-ticket voting. When manufacturing votes, it is too time consuming to vote for other officeholders. Statistical analysis showed wild numbers of people who voted only for Joe Biden and didn’t vote further down the ticket:<ref name="twitter.com">https://twitter.com/RaheemKassam/status/1325193658170134531</ref>
*Pennsylvania — 98,000
*Georgia — 80-90,000
*Arizona — 42,000
*Michigan — 69-115,000
*Wisconsin — 62,836
A standard [[voter fraud]] method, [[Benford's Law]], flags these votes as suspect.<ref name="thenationalpulse.com">https://thenationalpulse.com/politics/pennsylvania-vote-anomalies/</ref>

===Scytl===
[[File:Klain rigged elections.jpg|right|350px|thumb|Biden [[chief of staff]] [[Ron Klain]] publicly agrees that elections are rigged.<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2020/11/11/joe-biden-chief-of-staff-ron-klain-2014-yes-american-elections-are-rigged/</ref><ref>https://thefederalist.com/2020/11/12/bidens-pick-for-chief-of-staff-agrees-that-elections-are-rigged/</ref>]]
Days after it was revealed how 2020 US Elections were rigged by Canadian Crown Agent Dominion Voting Systems through a so-called “glitch”, GreatGameIndia found involvement of another dubious foreign company in US Election meddling. The votes cast by Americans were counted by a in [[Spain]] by a [[bankrupt]]ed Spanish company known as [[Scytl]]. Like Dominion Voting Systems, Scytl has a long history of election fraud in various nations including injecting backdoors in its election software. The issue has prompted experts to question why the sensitive job of counting votes was outsourced to a foreign company. How could a bankrupted Spanish company count American votes in Spain.

According to Gen. [[Tom McInerney]], servers were seized in [[Frankfurt, Germany]], where [[fraud]]ulent votes were being cooked up for [[Joe Biden]] during and after the [[2020 presidential election]]. The covert facility where these servers were being housed is run by the [[CIA]], and it is where elections all over the world are monitored and “cooked” to produce predetermined outcomes.<ref>https://nationalfile.com/the-kraken-retired-general-says-us-military-intel-group-nicknamed-kraken-seized-dominion-servers-in-germany/</ref>

Due to such widespread fraud, the Chairman of the US [[Federal Election Commission]] Trey Trainor believes that the 2020 US Presidential Elections is illegitimate.<ref>https://greatgameindia.com/us-election-bankrupted-spanish-scytl/</ref>

===''Texas v. Pennsylvania et al''===
:{{See also|Texas v. Pennsylvania}}
During the 2020 election cycle, changes to the election process in Pennsylvania were made by judges, state office holders and election officials which would never have been made by its state legislature.<ref>https://www.westernjournal.com/twj-exclusive-bombshell-new-legal-memo-giving-trump-supporters-hope-christmas-eve/</ref>

The complaint filed by the State of Texas alleged:<ref>https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/22/22O155/163048/20201208132827887_TX-v-State-ExpedMot%202020-12-07%20FINAL.pdf</ref>
voting irregularities that resulted from Defendant States’ unconstitutional actions include the following:
*Jesse Jacob, a decades-long City of Detroit employee assigned to work in the Elections Department for the 2020 election testified that she was “instructed not to look at any of the signatures on the absentee ballots, and I was instructed not to compare the signature on the absentee ballot with the signature on file” in direct contravention of MCL § 168.765a(6), which requires all signatures on ballots be verified.

*Ethan J. Pease,<ref>https://youtu.be/V9KXAdwjscI</ref> a box truck delivery driver subcontracted to the [[U.S. Postal Service]] (“USPS”) to deliver truckloads of mail-in ballots to the sorting center in Madison, WI, testified that USPS employees were backdating ballots received after November 3, 2020. Further, Pease testified how a senior USPA employee told him on November 4, 2020 that “An order came down from the Wisconsin/Illinois Chapter of the Postal Service that 100,000 ballots” and how the USPSA dispatched employees to “find[] … the ballots.” One hundred thousand ballots “found” after election day far exceeds former Vice President Biden margin of 20,565 votes over President Trump.

*On August 7, 2020, the League of Women Voters of Pennsylvania and others filed a complaint against Secretary Boockvar and other local election officials, seeking “a declaratory judgment that Pennsylvania existing signature verification procedures for mail-in voting” were unlawful for a number of reasons, ''League of Women Voters of Pennsylvania v. Boockvar'', which the Pennsylvania defendants quickly settled resulting in guidance issued on September 11, 2020, stating in relevant part: “The Pennsylvania Election Code does not authorize the county board of elections to set aside returned absentee or mailin ballots based solely on signature analysis by the county board of elections.”

*Acting under a generally worded clause that “Elections shall be free and equal,” a 4-3 majority of Pennsylvania’s Supreme Court in ''Pa. Democratic Party v. Boockvar'' extended the statutory deadline for mail-in ballots from Election Day to three days after Election Day and adopted a presumption that even non-postmarked ballots were presumptively timely. In addition, a great number of ballots were received after the statutory deadline. Because Pennsylvania misled this Court about segregating the late-arriving ballots and instead commingled those ballots, it is now impossible to verify Pennsylvania’s claim about the number of ballots affected.

*Contrary to Pennsylvania election law on providing poll-watchers access to the opening, counting, and recording of absentee ballots, local election officials in Philadelphia and Allegheny Counties decided not to follow 25 PA. STAT. § 3146.8(b).

*Prior to the election, Secretary Boockvar sent an email to local election officials urging them to provide opportunities for various persons—including political parties—to contact voters to “cure” defective mail-in ballots. This process clearly violated several provisions of the state election code. By removing the ballots for examination prior to seven o’clock a.m. on election day, Secretary Boockvar created a system whereby local officials could review ballots without the proper announcements, observation, and security. This entire scheme, which was only followed in Democrat majority counties, was blatantly illegal in that it permitted the illegal removal of ballots from their locked containers prematurely.

*On December 4, 2020, fifteen members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives issued a report to Congressman [[Scott Perry]] stating that “[t]he general election of 2020 in Pennsylvania was fraught with… documented irregularities and improprieties associated with mail-in balloting … [and] that the reliability of the mail-in votes in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is impossible to rely upon.” The report detailed, ''inter alia'', that more than 118,426 mail-in votes either had no mail date, were returned before they were mailed, or returned one day after the mail date. The Report also stated that, based on government reported data, the number of mail-in ballots sent by November 2, 2020 (2.7 million) somehow ballooned by 400,000, to 3.1 million on November 4, 2020, without explanation.

*On March 6, 2020, in ''Democratic Party of Georgia v. Raffensperger'', Georgia’s Secretary of State entered a Compromise Settlement Agreement and Release with the Democratic Party of Georgia (the “Settlement”) to materially change the statutory requirements for reviewing signatures on absentee ballot envelopes to confirm the voter’s identity by making it far more difficult to challenge defective signatures beyond the express mandatory procedures set forth at GA. CODE § 21-2-386(a)(1)(B), which is particularly disturbing because the legislature allowed persons other than the voter to apply for an absentee ballot, which means that the legislature likely was relying heavily on the signature-verification on ballots under GA. CODE § 21-2-386.

*Numerous poll challengers and an Election Department employee whistleblower have testified that the signature verification requirement was ignored in Wayne County in a case currently pending in the Michigan Supreme Court.

*The probability of former Vice President Biden winning the popular vote in the four Defendant States—Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin—independently given President Trump’s early lead in those States as of 3 a.m. on November 4, 2020, is less than one in a quadrillion, or 1 in 1,000,000,000,000,000. For former Vice President Biden to win these four States collectively, the odds of that event happening decrease to less than one in a quadrillion to the fourth power (i.e., 1 in 1,000,000,000,000,0004). See Decl. of Charles J. Cicchetti, Ph.D.

*The same less than one in a quadrillion statistical improbability of Mr. Biden winning the popular vote in the four Defendant States—Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin—independently exists when Mr. Biden’s performance in each of those Defendant States is compared to former Secretary of State Hilary Clinton’s performance in the 2016 general election and President Trump’s performance in the 2016 and 2020 general elections. Again, the statistical improbability of Mr. Biden winning the popular vote in these four States collectively is 1 in 1,000,000,000,000,0005.

*Georgia’s unconstitutional abrogation of the express mandatory procedures for challenging defective signatures on ballots set forth at GA. CODE § 21-2-386(a)(1)(B) resulted in far more ballots with unmatching signatures being counted in the 2020 election than if the statute had been properly applied. The 2016 rejection rate was more than seventeen times greater than in 2020. As a consequence, applying the rejection rate in 2016, which applied the mandatory procedures, to the ballots received in 2020 would result in a net gain for President Trump of 25,587 votes. This would be more than needed to overcome the Biden advantage of 12,670 votes, and Trump would win by 12,917 votes.

*The two Republican members of the Board rescinded their votes to certify the vote in Wayne County, and signed affidavits alleging they were bullied and misled into approving election results and do not believe the votes should be certified until serious irregularities in Detroit votes are resolved.

*The Wayne County Statement of Votes Report lists 174,384 absentee ballots out of 566,694 absentee ballots tabulated (about 30.8%) as counted without a registration number for precincts in the City of Detroit. The number of votes not tied to a registered voter by itself exceeds Vice President Biden’s margin of margin of 146,007 votes by more than 28,377 votes. The extra ballots cast most likely resulted from the phenomenon of Wayne County election workers running the same ballots through a tabulator multiple times, with Republican poll watchers obstructed or denied access, and election officials ignoring poll watchers’ challenges, as documented by numerous declarations.

===2020 Pennsylvania===
[[File:Pennsylvania-740x740.jpg|right|350px|thumb|Vote switching.]]
:{{See also|Pennsylvania election fraud}}
A non-partisan statistical analysis discovered "the number of Biden votes in ten of the outlier counties was 101%± of registered Democratic voters (vs the majority of other PA counties where it was 70%± — an extraordinary statistical difference). That is not logical or reasonably explainable legally. The most likely explanation is that excess votes were added to the Biden total that did not come from voters.“<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/news/stats-reveal-stuffing-the-tail-scheme-similar-to-sub-prime-scheme/</ref>

====PA illegal instructions from the Secretary of Commonwealth====
[[Democrat]] operative [[Kathy Boockvar]], who simultaneously was serving as Pennsylvania Secretary of Commonwealth in charge of elections, told the [[United States Supreme Court]] on October 28, 2020 that ballots received after 8 p.m. on November 3, 2020 would be segregated, but she changed the rules on November 1 and directed counties to canvass those ballots as soon as possible upon receipt. In some counties, it is not possible to both segregate and canvass ballots as directed. This directive leaves open the possibility that timely votes will be commingled with votes received after 8 p.m. on Election Day, despite the fact that these votes remain the subject of litigation before the United States Supreme Court.

The Department changed the rules again on November 2, 2020 when they provided last-second guidance directing counties to provide information to help voters whose mail-in or absentee ballots were incorrectly completed so those voters could vote on a provisional ballot. The late release of this “guidance” resulted in inconsistent application across the counties – some of whom contacted voters as directed and some who did not. There is no basis for this guidance in current law. The Secretary created this new process out of thin air.

At 8:38 p.m. on Monday, November 2 – less than 12 hours before the polls were to open – the Department issued an email to counties directing them to provide information to political party and candidate representatives regarding mail-in and absentee ballots which had been set aside because they failed to comply with the requirements of the Election Code in order to be counted, so that voters could come in and vote provisionally at the polls. The late release of this “guidance” resulted in inconsistent application across the counties, some of whom contacted voters as directed and some who did not; such differential treatment is wholly inappropriate and a direct result of Boockvar’s scattershot approach to [[Pennsylvania]]’s elections.<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2020/11/04/pennsylvania-republican-senators-call-on-pa-secretary-of-state-to-resign/</ref><ref>https://www.bitchute.com/video/xUWA4CqzQ6pN/</ref>

====PA Facebook illegal funding====
Urban counties such as Allegheny (Pittsburgh), Philadelphia, and Delaware County received over $10 million in private grants that imposed strict conditions on the conduct of elections without legislative approval, violating state laws prohibiting the use of private money to pay for
federal elections.

Documents obtained through court order revealed communication between the City of Philadelphia and the [[Center for Technology and Civic Life]] (CTCL) emphasizing that CTCL paid election judges in Philadelphia and other election officials. [[CTCL]] mandated Philadelphia to increase its polling locations and to use drop boxes and eventually mobile pick-up units. Moreover, Facebook CEO [[Mark Zuckerberg]] monies allowed Philadelphia to “cure” absentee ballots in a manner not provided for in Republican areas of the state.

In Democrat Delaware County, Pennsylvania, one drop box was placed every four square miles and for every 4,000 voters. In the 59 counties carried by Trump in 2016, there was one drop box for every 1,100 square miles and every 72,000 voters. Government using public or private funding to facilitate a targeted demographic to turn out the vote while targeting another demographic to suppress the vote is an [[equal rights]] violation of the l4th Amendment. This two-tiered election system allowed voters in Democrat strongholds to stroll down the street to vote while voters in Republican strongholds were ignored and left in the dark.

====PA ballot dump====

Trump led by almost 800,000 votes on election night after most Americans headed to bed. Over the course of the next 72 hours, President Trump’s lead shrunk to less than a 95,000 vote lead in the keystone state, and then Joe Biden took the lead. Batches of votes started flowing into the final tally, mostly in favor of Joe Biden. [[Five Thirty Eight]] reported that “Two more batches of Pennsylvania vote were reported: 23,277 votes in Philadelphia, all for Biden."

====PA 682,770 estimated ballots processed with no observers====
[[File:Montgomery County vote.png|right|350px|thumb|Biden, who beat Barack Obama’s popular vote record, received several tens of thousands of more votes than registered Democrats in the above counties. The Biden votes are unusually in excess of ~244,000.<ref>file:///C:/Users/Owner/Downloads/483437334-PA-Voter-Analysis-Young.pdf</ref>]]
The Pennsylvania Appeals Court issued an order that said
{{quotebox-float|“effective immediately … all candidates, watchers, or candidate representatives [shall] be permitted to be present for the canvassing process … and be permitted to observe all aspects of the canvassing process within 6 feet, while adhering to all COVID-19 protocols, including, wearing masks and maintaining social distancing.”<ref>https://twitter.com/ZoeTillman/status/1324376367916605447</ref>}}
[[Philadelphia]] Democrat election officials refused to comply with the order,<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2020/11/03/the-steal-is-on-in-pennsylvania-poll-watchers-denied-access-illegal-campaigning-at-polling-locations/</ref><ref>https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/gop-poll-watchers-are-denied-access-in-philadelphia</ref> and the Democrat [[Sheriff]], a Biden supporter, refused to enforce the Appeals Court order.<ref>https://nationalfile.com/what-are-you-hiding-trump-campaign-says-philly-sheriff-wont-enforce-order-allowing-gop-observers/</ref>

The Trump campaign then filed a lawsuit in [[federal]] district court claiming that the Board of Elections is “nonetheless continuing to count ballots, without any observations by any representatives or poll watchers of President Trump and the Republican Party.”<ref>https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/7325351/11-5-20-Trump-Campaign-v-Philadelphia-Board-of.pdf</ref> The lawsuit claims that Trump campaign observers were denied access altogether in some instances in Philadelphia County. The county’s elections board did not permit the Trump campaign’s observers to be within 6 feet of “all aspects” of the pre-canvassing process in violation of Commonwealth Court Judge Christine Fizzano Cannon’s November 5, 2020, order requiring that poll-watchers “be permitted to observe all aspects of the canvassing process within 6 feet.” The lawsuit states,
[[File:PA mail-in fraud.jpeg|right|350px|thumb|Pennsylvania mailed out 1.8 Million mail-in ballots, buy got back 2.5 million.<ref>https://youtu.be/2AYSs77k2tY</ref>]]
{{quotebox-float|“It is estimated that 680,770 ballots were processed by the Allegheny and Philadelphia County Boards of Elections when no observation was allowed.”}}
115% of Pennsylvania registered Democrats voted for Biden. Biden received 1.24 to 1.43 times greater than either [[Hillary Clinton]] or [[Barack Obama]] in predominant Republican counties.<ref name="twitter.com"/>

====PA violations of equal protection====
Pennsylvania election officials took unlawful steps to pre-canvass mail-in ballots and help voters “cure” flawed ballots that had missing or incorrect information or otherwise failed to meet legal criteria designed to prevent fraud.

Secretary of State Kathleen Boockvar exceeded her authority by issuing guidance granting permission for counties to engage in these unlawful practices. She issued this guidance less than 24 hours before polls closed — insufficient time for counties that had not engaged in those practices to take advantage of them, even if the guidance were legitimate.

These practices resulted in well over 100,000 potentially fraudulent ballots, according to analysis by data experts.<ref>Metcalfe, Daryl D, et al. v. Wolf, Bookvar, et al, Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania Complaint Filing WCMWHB00816378.</ref>

====PA no down ballot voting====
Another way to track fraudulent votes is to look closely at how many of the votes did little or no down-ticket voting. When manufacturing votes, it is too time consuming to vote for other officeholders.<ref name="thenationalpulse.com"/>

====PA dead people voting====
A lawsuit filed by the Public Interest Legal Foundation (PILF) alleges that there are at least 21,000 dead people on Pennsylvania’s voter rolls.<ref>https://andmagazine.com/talk/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Reduced_WA-PA-Deceased-Voters-1.pdf</ref> The lawsuit claims that Pennsylvania failed to “reasonably maintain” their voter registration records under federal and state law in time for the 2020 presidential election. The lawsuit states:
{{quotebox-float|“As of October 7, 2020, at least 9,212 registrants have been dead for at least five years, at least 1,990 registrants have been dead for at least ten years, and at least 197 registrants have been dead for at least twenty years."<ref name="theredelephants.com">https://theredelephants.com/there-is-undeniable-mathematical-evidence-the-election-is-being-stolen/</ref>}}
[[File:Penn-stolen-switched--360x188.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Millions of viewers witnessed in real time on [[CNN]] nearly 20,000 votes switched from Trump to Biden in a matter of seconds.]]
According to the lawsuit, about 92 percent of the 21,000 dead people on Pennsylvania’s voter rolls died sometime before October 2019. About 216 dead people show voting credits after federally listed dates of death in 2016 and 2018, the lawsuit alleges.

Republican candidates and officials also filed a lawsuit challenging Montgomery county officials’ decision to notify voters whose ballots are defective and giving them a chance to “cure” the defects—something not authorized under state law.failing to maintain accurate voter rolls and remove individuals who have died, moved out of state, or otherwise become ineligible to vote.<ref>https://www.heritage.org/crime-and-justice/commentary/what-know-about-litigation-being-waged-across-us-preserve-trump</ref>

====PA Dominion Election Systems====
Russell Ramsland of Allied Security Systems confirms that data breaches in the Dominion software permitted rogue actors to penetrate and manipulate the [[software]] during the recent general election. He further concludes that at least 96,600 mail-in ballots were illegally counted as they were not cast by legal voters.

===2020 Michigan===
[[File:2020-11-04.jpg|right|300px|thumb]]
:{{See also|Michigan election fraud}}
In October 2020, [[Judicial Watch]] released a study of Census Bureau population statistics and state voter registration data. The study found 105% more registered voters than people in [[Michigan]].<ref>https://www.judicialwatch.org/press-releases/new-jw-study-voter-registration/</ref>

Recorded ballot counts in 72% of [[Detroit]]'s absentee voting precincts didn't match the number of ballots cast, spurring officials to ask the state to investigate ahead of the [[2020 presidential election]].

Without an explanation from Detroit election workers for the mismatches, the Wayne County Board of Canvassers requested [[Secretary of State]] [[Jocelyn Benson]]'s office to examine the "training and processes" used in Detroit's August 4, 2020 primary, which one official described as a "perfect storm" of challenges. The board is charged with certifying election results.

In 46% of all Detroit's precincts — absentee and Election Day — vote counts were out of balance, according to information presented to the Wayne County Board of Canvassers. Specifically, the number of ballots tracked in precinct poll books did not match the number of ballots counted.

The situation could amplify the spotlight on [[absentee ballot]]s in Michigan ahead of an election for which record levels of mail-in voting are expected and [[President Donald Trump]] raised concerns about how votes will be handled.

The election results for the primary weren't incorrect, said Jonathan Kinloch, a [[Democrat]] and one of the canvassing board's four members. But, he said, something had gone wrong in the process of tracking ballots precinct by precinct.

Having balanced precincts is particularly important in Michigan because precincts whose poll books don’t match with ballots can’t be recounted, according to state law. Instead, the original election results would stand.<ref>https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2020/08/20/benson-asked-investigate-detroit-perfect-storm-voting-problems/5616629002/</ref>

====Sec. of State Jocelyn Benson illegal activities====
Michigan Secretary of State [[Jocelyn Benson]] gave private activist organizations direct access to the state’s voter files, which should only be accessible to election clerks. She also violated a state law requiring signatures for absentee ballot requests by establishing online voter
registration without statutory authority, and unilaterally decided — without legislative approval — to send absentee ballot request forms to every household in the state, without even checking to see whether the registered voters listed for each address had died or moved.

====MI Detroit/Wayne Count election fraud====
In a lawsuit against the Detroit Election Commission following the [[2020 presidential election]], election observers alleged:<ref>https://greatlakesjc.org/wp-content/uploads/Complaint-Costantino-FINAL-With-Exhibits.pdf</ref>
{{quotebox|a.Defendants systematically processed and counted ballots from voters whose name failed to appear in either the Qualified Voter File (QVF) or in the supplemental sheets. When a voter’s name could not be found, the election worker assigned the ballot to a random name already in the QVF to a person who had not voted.

b.Defendants instructed election workers to not verify signatures on absentee ballots, to backdate absentee ballots, and to process such ballots regardless of their validity.

c.After election officials announced the last absentee ballots had been received, another batch of unsecured and unsealed ballots, without envelopes, arrived in trays at the TCF Center. There were tens of thousands of these absentee ballots, and apparently every ballot was counted and attributed only to Democratic candidates.

d.Defendants instructed election workers to process ballots that appeared after the election deadline and to falsely report that those ballots had been received prior to November 3, 2020 deadline.

e.Defendants systematically used false information to process ballots, such as using incorrect or false birthdays. Many times, the election workers inserted new names into the QVF after the election and recorded these new voters as having a birthdate of 1/1/1900.

f.On a daily basis leading up to the election, City of Detroit election workers and 4 Great Lakes Justice Center employees coached voters to vote for Joe Biden and the Democrat party. These workers and employees encouraged voters to do a straight Democrat ballot. These election workers and employees went over to the voting booths with voters in order to watch them vote and coach them for whom to vote.

g.Unsecured ballots arrived at the TCF Center loading garage, not in sealed ballot boxes, without any chain of custody, and without envelopes.

h.Defendant election officials and workers refused to record challenges to their processes and removed challengers from the site if they politely voiced a challenge.

i.After poll challengers started discovering the fraud taking place at the TCF Center, Defendant election officials and workers locked credentialed challengers out of the counting room so they could not observe the process, during which time tens of thousands of ballots were processed.

j.Defendant election officials and workers allowed ballots to be duplicated by hand without allowing poll challengers to check if the duplication was accurate. In fact, election officials and workers repeatedly obstructed poll challengers from observing. Defendants permitted thousands of ballots to be filled out by hand and duplicated on-site without oversight from poll challengers.}}

====Michigan lawsuits====
Excerpts of election oddities from ''[[Michigan#Trump v. Michigan|Trump v. Michigan]]''.<ref>https://cdn.donaldjtrump.com/public-files/press_assets/1.-11-10-20-trump-v.-benson-w.d.-mich.-complaint-final.pdf</ref>

====MI statistical analysis====
Dr. Eric Quinell, Ph.D. analyzed the extraordinary increase in turnout from 2016 to 2020 in a relatively small subset of townships and
precincts outside of Detroit in Wayne County and Oakland County, and more importantly how nearly 100% or more of all “new” voters from 2016 to 2020 voted for Biden. Using publicly available information from Wayne County and Oakland County, Dr. Quinell first found that for the votes received up to the 2016 turnout levels, the 2020 vote Democrat vs. Republican two-ways distributions (i.e., excluding third parties) tracked the 2016 Democrat vs. Republican distribution very closely, which was 55%-45% for Wayne County (outside Detroit) and 54%/46% for Oakland County.

However, after the 2016 turnout levels were reached, the Democrat vs. Republican vote share shifts decisively towards Biden by approximately 15 points, resulting in a 72%/28% D/R split for Oakland County and 70%/30% D/R split for Wayne County (outside of Detroit). What is even more anomalous – and suspicious – is the fact that nearly all of these “new” votes in excess of 2016 come from a small number of townships/precincts where the increased Biden vote share is nearly 100% or over 100% for Biden. For example, in the township of Livonia in Wayne County, Biden gained 3.2 voters for every 1 new Trump voter, and Biden receive 97% of all “new” votes over 2016 and 151% of all new voter registrations. In the township of Troy in Oakland County, the vote share shifted from 51%/49% in 2016 to 80%/20% in 2020 due to Biden receiving 98% of new votes above 2016 and 109% of new voter registrations. Looking county-wide, Biden gained 2.32 new voters over 2016
levels to every 1 new Trump voter in Wayne County (outside Detroit) and 2.54 additional new voters per Trump voter for Oakland County.

Based on these statistically anomalous results that occurred in a handful of townships in these two counties, Dr. Quinell’s model determined that there were 40,771 anomalous votes in Wayne County (outside Detroit) and 46,125 anomalous votes in Oakland County, for a total of nearly 87,000 anomalous votes or approximately 65% of Biden’s purported lead in Michigan.<ref>https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1332169019143704579.html</ref>

The expert witness testimony of Russell James Ramsland, Jr. identified an event that occurred in Michigan on November 4, 2020 that is “physically impossible”. The “event" reflected in the data are “4 spikes totaling 384,733 ballots allegedly processed in a combined
interval of 2 hour[s] and 38 minutes” for four precincts/townships in four Michigan counties (Wayne, Oakland, Macomb ne and Kent). Based on Mr. Ramsland’s analysis of the voting machines available at the referenced locations, he determined that the maximum processing capability during this period was only 94,867 ballots, so that “there were 289,866 more ballots processed in the time available for processing in the four precincts/townships, than there was processing capacity.”<ref>https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.gand.283580/gov.uscourts.gand.283580.7.1_2.pdf</ref> This amount is alone is nearly twice the number of ballots by which Biden purportedly leads President Trump (i.e., approximately 154,180).

====MI ballot dump====
[[File:Early morning ballot dumps Nov. 4, 2020.png|right|300px|thumb|Four highly anomalous ballot dumps highlighted in yellow account for the "win" in Michigan, Wisconsin, and Georgia and represent forty-two electoral votes.<ref>https://votepatternanalysis.substack.com/p/voting-anomalies-2020</ref>]]
Tens of thousands of [[absentee ballot]]s arrived in large [[U.S. Postal Service]] boxes at the TCF Center in Detroit at 3:30am on November 4, 2020, the day after the [[2020 Presidential election]]. The TCF Center, formerly Cobo Hall, is where the absentee ballots are counted for Wayne County, which is the home of Detroit.

Former Michigan state senator Patrick Colbeck wrote that the total number of ballots dumped on the counting board totaled 38,000:<ref>https://vidmax.com/video/199326-poll-watcher-describes-how-a-mysterious-van-with-35k-votes-arrived-at-4am</ref>
{{quotebox-float|"Before the ballots showed up mysteriously at 3:30 am, no ballots had arrived at the TCF Center for over six hours, and many poll workers in the facility sat around with no work to do while getting paid hundreds of dollars by the state of Michigan.}}
According to Michigan election law, all of these mail-in and absentee ballots had to be submitted before 8 PM on Tuesday night in order to be lawfully accepted and counted for the election. This means the city of Detroit potentially sat on these ballots for hours. The white van that arrived had the name of Detroit city clerk Janice Winfrey emblazoned upon it as well as a logo and a phone number.<ref>https://bigleaguepolitics.com/tens-of-thousands-of-ballots-dropped-off-in-usps-boxes-at-detroit-absentee-ballot-processing-center-at-330-am-after-election/</ref>

At 4am, a Ferrari, and a Chrysler van with out of state plates pulled into the Detroit TCF facility (formerly Cobo Hall) with ballots inside the vehicles.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/update-from-detroit-democrat-operatives-are-threatening-gop-poll-watchers-they-are-hiding-the-line-in-back-where-votes-are-counted/</ref> Poll watcher Connie Johnson testified:
{{quotebox-float|“As they started counting the ballots, he was astonished that every single ballot, literally 100 percent of 130,000 ballots, were all Biden ballots that hadn’t been delivered to the precinct before the cut off time. We literally have people that watched it happen. We have poll challengers that have been barred from being able to go into this room to challenge ballots. We’ve had GOP members removed from the room....It’s really heartbreaking that this is what we have stooped to and allowed as a country. It is disgusting what is happening in Detroit. It’s about major fraud on a major scale… that was very well organized."<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/watch-ballot-count-watcher-describes-least-130000-ballots-biden-arriving-three-vehicles-detroit-dead-night/</ref>}}

====MI unsupervised counting====
Michigan election officials failed to provide meaningful observation of the vote counting process, a violation of the Michigan Constitution [Const. 1963, art 2, § 4(1)(h)], as well as state statute [MCL § 168.765a(12)]. The refusal to allow observers to oversee the process resulted in significant abnormalities. In Detroit, for instance, 71% of the city’s 134 Absent Vote Counter Boards (AVCB) were left unbalanced without explanation. As a result of these violations, data experts identified more than 500,000 potentially fraudulent
ballots.<ref>Michigan Supreme Court Case No. 162286.</ref>

Republicans started off Election Day with a few dozen GOP poll watchers. The party called in more workers. The number of GOP poll workers then climbed to several hundred by noon. There was a GOP watcher at nearly each table in the center. After they went to lunch the GoP poll watchers were not allowed back in.<ref>https://twitter.com/kayleighmcenany/status/1324091003947622402</ref><ref>https://www.citizenfreepress.com/breaking/shady-behavior-in-detroit/</ref> Democrat operatives became very hostile and threatening.<ref>https://twitter.com/aricnesbitt/status/1324105401814626304</ref> Vote counters with [[BLM]] masks were allowed into the center.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/breaking-detroit-officials-now-blocking-gop-poll-workers-re-entering-tfc-center-police-called/</ref>

In an October 2020 interview with ABC 7 News, Winfrey set the stage to drag out the process:
{{quotebox-float|“We’re back in control, and we know that we will have nearly 10,000 poll workers that will be working with us to process ballots on election day, or election week is what we’re calling it now, because we know we’re going to be slow.”}}
[[President Donald Trump]] had a sizable lead. Then suddenly [[Joe Biden]] jumped up 200,000 votes.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/voter-fraud-michigan-massive-dump-200000-ballots-biden-sudden-show-overnight/</ref><ref>https://www.citizenfreepress.com/breaking/alert-michigan-county-removes-totals-following-report-of-skewed-results/</ref> The Trump campaign, as well as the U.S. Senate campaign of GOP businessman and Iraq war veteran [[John James]], accused Michigan election officials of chicanery after thousands of ballots appeared in the middle of the night following Election Day. The campaigns also were outraged that GOP election observers were denied access to ballot counting facility in Detroit after poll workers placed large sheets of cardboard over windows, obscuring the public’s view.

====MI no down ballot voting====
Trump received 2,637,173 votes while the GOP senate candidate received 2,630,042 votes. The difference here is only 7,131 which is not far off from what we see historically. In the same state, Joe Biden received 2,787,544 votes while the Democratic senate candidate received 2,718,451. The difference is 69,093 votes which is much higher than the historical norm.

====MI dead people voting====
An observer noticed something curious about some of the names on the ballots. Upon further review, one particular name out of the list, and confirmed to have cast a ballot,<ref>https://theredelephants.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/HxGKud6M7W3Zeg5A.mp4?_=3</ref> happened to be born in 1902 and passed away in 1984. A pollster noticed the list and video, and used [[social security]] death index data confirming the deceased registered voter. Over 14,000 dead people were found who either voted in Wayne County (Detroit) or were registered to vote. Another poll watcher who was later kicked out for taking photographs, noticed a decent sized list of Michigan residents who have also been confirmed to have cast their ballots. All of the names on the list he reviewed show their birthdate in chronological order.<ref name="theredelephants.com">https://theredelephants.com/there-is-undeniable-mathematical-evidence-the-election-is-being-stolen/</ref>

The campaigns also were outraged that GOP election observers were denied access to ballot counting facility in Detroit after poll workers placed large sheets of cardboard over windows, obscuring the public’s view. Michigan Attorney General Dana Nessel asked state residents to stop telling her staff to shove Sharpie markers up their butts after a state judge threw out a lawsuit by the Trump campaign which sought to halt ballot counts. Nessel tweeted:
{{quotebox-float|“Dear members of the public: Please stop making harassing & threatening calls to my staff. They are kind, hardworking public servants just doing their job. Asking them to shove sharpies in uncomfortable places is never appropriate & is a sad commentary on the state of our nation."<ref>https://twitter.com/dananessel/status/1324441365091131394</ref>}}
The Sharpie reference is tied to allegations of poll irregularities contained in an [[Arizona]] lawsuit alleging that ballots marked with the felt-tipped pens were rejected at some voting centers. In one video posted to [[social media]], two women claimed that Sharpie-marked ballots were not being accepted but ballots marked with regular ballpoint pens were at one voting station. “So, they’re invalidating votes is what they’re doing,” a man off-camera taking the video says. “Yes,” one woman, also off-camera, responded. “I used your pen and then I brought it back to you and I said give this to somebody because it works,” a woman on-camera said. “Yes, yes, and so we know that, and we’ve been telling them, ‘You need to use a ballpoint pen, not the Sharpie,’ and now those are getting invalidated,” said the man. On Election Day, Maricopa County officials claimed in a video posted to social media that Sharpies are okay to use when marking ballots despite current state guidance indicating felt-tip markers not be used for ballots.<ref>https://www.bizpacreview.com/2020/11/06/michigan-ag-pleads-with-residents-to-stop-telling-staff-to-shove-sharpies-up-their-rear-ends-993535</ref>

====MI Dominion/Scorecard fraud====
[[File:Antrim County.png|right|350px|thumb|Vote switching in Antrim County, MI.<ref>https://www.9and10news.com/content/uploads/2020/12/Antrim_Michigan_Forensics_Report_121320_v2_REDACTED.pdf</ref>]]
An independent forensic audit of Dominion’s machines concluded:
{{quotebox-float|“The Dominion Voting System is intentionally and purposefully designed with inherent errors to create systemic fraud and influence election results. ...The intentional errors lead to bulk adjudication of ballots with no oversight, transparency, and no audit trail. This leads to voter or election fraud. Based on our study we conclude that the Dominion Voting System should not be used in Michigan....The allowable election error rate established by the [[Federal Election Commission]] guidelines is of 1 in 250,000 ballots (.0008%). We observed an error rate of 68.05%. This demonstrated a significant and fatal error in security and election integrity."<ref>https://www.depernolaw.com/uploads/2/7/0/2/27029178/antrim_michigan_forensics_report_[121320]_v2_[redacted].pdf</ref>}}
Melissa Carone was a contractor for [[Dominion Voting Systems]] to do IT work at the TCF Center. Carone gave an interview to Redpill78 on Twitch.<ref>https://www.twitch.tv/videos/798796260?t=0h15m8s</ref> Carone states in a sworn affidavit that she “witnessed nothing but fraudulent actions take place”. Carone testified,<ref>https://www.greatlakesjc.org/wp-content/uploads/Supplemental-Brief-Motion-for-TRO-Costantino.pdf</ref>
{{quotebox-float|3. The counters (which were trained very little or not at all), were handed a "batch" (stack of 50) of mail-in ballots in which they would run through the tabulator. The tabulators would get jammed 4-5 times an hour, when they jammed the computer would put out an error that tells the worker the ballot number that was jammed and gives an option to either discard the batch or continue scanning at which the counter should discard the batch, put the issue ballot on top of the batch and rescan the entire batch. I witnessed countless workers rescanning the batches without discarding them first which resulted in ballots being counted 4-5 times.

4. At approximately midnight I was called over to assist one of the counters with a paper jam and noticed his PC had a number of over 400 ballots scanned- which means one batch was counted over 8 times. This happened countless times while I was at the TCF Center. I confronted my manager, Nick Ikonornakis saying how big of a problem this was, Nick told me he didn't want to hear that we have a big problem. He told me we are here to do assist with IT work, not to run their election.

5. The adjudication process, from my understanding there's supposed to be a republican and a democrat judging these ballots. I overheard numerous workers talking during shift change in which over 20 machines had two democrats judging the ballots-resulting in an unfair process.

6. Next, I want to describe what went on during shift change, it was a chaotic disaster. It took over two hours for workers to arrive at their "assigned areas", over 30 workers were taken upstairs and told they didn't have a job for them to do. These people were chosen to be counters, in which 6 workers admitted to me that they received absolutely no training at all.

7. The night shift workers were free to come and go as they pleased, they could go out and smoke from the counting room. This is illegal, as there were boxes and stacks of ballots everywhere, anyone could have taken some out or brought some in, and No one was watching them.

8. There was two vans that pulled into the garage of the counting room, one on day shift and one on night shift. These vans were apparently bringing food into the building because they only had enough food for not even 1/3 of the workers. I never saw any food corning out of these vans, coincidently it was announced on the news that Michigan had discovered over 100,000 more ballots- not even two hours after the last van left.

9. When a worker had a ballot that they either could not read, or it had something spilled on it, they would go to a table that had blank ballots on it and fill it out. They were supposed to be filling them out exactly like the one they had received but this was not the case at all. The workers would also sign the name of the person that the ballot belonged to-which is clearly illegal.

13. I called the FBI and made a report with them, I was told that I will be getting a call back.}}
Dr. [[Shiva Ayyadurai]] of [[MIT]], the inventor of email, did a statistical analysis of voting integrity in Michigan during a video livestream presentation.<ref>https://www.pscp.tv/w/1BdGYYjgkgQGX</ref> Dr. Shyiva demonstrated statistically how an [[algorithm]] took about 60,000 votes away from President Trump and gave them to Joe Biden in Oakland County, Michigan during the course of election day. He demonstrated the same pattern in Macomb County.

The slope of linear decline of Trump votes hour-by-hour in Oakland, Macomb, and Kent County, Michigan, was the same in predominantly Republican precincts. The public data reveal algorithm-manipulated tampering to transfer Trump votes from Republicans to Biden.

"The United States voting systems, the inputs and the outputs, are unverifiable," says Dr. Shiva, as many jurisdictions don't verify if a real person legally voted (no voter ID), and if the real votes were indeed tabulated truthfully (ballots or images are not preserved).

In violation of federal law concerning candidates for federal office, [[Massachusetts]] destroys ballots and images on election day, Dr. Shiva says.

Shiva says he was banned from Twitter for saying this, even though he had it confirmed by the Massachusetts [[secretary of state]].

Dominion voting systems is set up to make it easy to change & delete results. A [[NeverTrump|Resistance member]] with administrator access in a warehouse full of machines can enter whatever result, and delete previous results.<ref>https://twitter.com/PlaysTrumpCard/status/1326508337140207619</ref><ref>[https://www.sos.state.co.us/pubs/elections/VotingSystems/DVS-DemocracySuite511/documentation/UG-RTR-UserGuide-5-11-CO.pdf Democracy Suite® EMS Results Tally & Reporting User Guide], Version: 5.11-CO::7, May 28, 2019</ref>

===2020 Georgia===
[[File:GA PA election fraud.png|right|350px|thumb|New York Times Election Report Reveals
104,984 Stolen Votes in GA.<ref>https://centralcitynews.us/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Central-City-News-11-19-20-Small.pdf</ref>]]
:{{See also|Georgia election fraud}}
On March 6, 2020 the Georgia Secretary of State, [[Brad Raffensperger]], a Republican, signed off on a secret legal agreement with the [[Democratic Party]] of Georgia, the [[Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee]], and the [[Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee]] to alter [[absentee ballot]] procedures in [[Georgia]].<ref>https://www.dropbox.com/s/ta0rze1m3flzk5o/2020-11-13%20Complaint%20-%20L.%20Wood%20v.%20Raffensperger%20et%20al.pdf?dl=0</ref> The Democrats’ attorney for this secret deal was [[Marc Elias]] from [[Perkins Coie]],<ref>https://www.indiarightnownews.com/lin-wood-files-lawsuit-challenging-georgias-secretary-of-states-dark-unconstitutional-agreement-with-hillary-attorney-marc-elias/</ref> the bagman for [[Hillary Clinton]] who hire [[FusionGPS]] to write the ''[[Steele dossier]]'' during the [[2016 presidential election]].

Raffensperger announced the state’s purchase of a $106 million election system from Dominion Voting Systems in July 2019. In a lawsuit, which originated in 2017, critics contend that the new system was subject to many of the same security vulnerabilities as the one it was replacing.

In an October 11, 2020 order, just weeks prior to the 2020 presidential election, U.S. District Judge Amy Totenberg agreed with the concerns associated with the new Dominion voting system, writing that the case presented “serious system security vulnerability and operational issues that may place Plaintiffs and other voters at risk of deprivation of their fundamental right to cast an effective vote that is accurately counted.”

“The Court’s Order has delved deep into the true risks posed by the new BMD voting system as well as its manner of implementation. These risks are neither hypothetical nor remote under the current circumstances,” Judge Totenberg wrote in her order.<ref>https://casetext.com/case/curling-v-raffensperger-3</ref>

====GA Dominion Election Systems====
[[File:Dominion-states-522x600.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Dominion election equipment with [[Chinese]] components used in 28 states.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/huge-corrupted-software-used-michigan-county-stole-6000-votes-trump-also-used-swing-states-uses-chinese-computer-parts-machines/</ref>]]
There were problems with the vote counting software of [[Dominion Election Systems]] used in 28 states. Georgia has four counties that experienced technical problems. Spalding and Morgan counties,<ref>https://www.lawofficer.com/two-georgia-counties-using-same-software-of-michigan-counties-encounter-software-glitches/</ref> Gwinnett (which led to a delay counting absentee ballots), and Fulton (which led to people being asked to fill out provisional ballots). Fulton has also indicated a problem with their vote count reporting leading to a rescanning of some ballots.<ref>https://bigleaguepolitics.com/georgia-secretary-of-state-dispatches-investigators-to-atlanta-arena-after-fulton-county-discovers-election-reporting-issue/</ref>

Voters were unable to cast machine ballots for a couple of hours in Morgan and Spalding counties after the electronic devices crashed, state officials said. The companies “uploaded something last night, which is not normal, and it caused a glitch,” said Marcia Ridley, elections supervisor at Spalding County Board of Election. That "glitch" prevented poll workers from using the pollbooks to program smart cards that the voters insert into the voting machines. “That is something that they don’t ever do. I’ve never seen them update anything the day before the election,” Ridley said. Ridley said she did not know what the upload contained.<ref>https://www.politico.com/news/2020/11/04/georgia-election-machine-glitch-434065</ref>

[[Sidney Powell]] filed an emergency demand to seize all voting machines for a forensic audit.<ref>https://www.bizpacreview.com/2020/11/29/sidney-powell-files-emergency-demand-to-seize-all-voting-machines-for-forensic-audit-1000468</ref> A federal judge intervened in the election fraud suit.<ref>https://sharylattkisson.com/2020/11/read-federal-judge-orders-georgia-voting-machines-be-preserved-then-reverses-hearing-set-for-friday/</ref> The judge first blocked, then unblocked, then blocked again wiping or resetting the election machines.<ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/judge-blocks-then-unblocks-georgia-from-wiping-or-resetting-election-machines_3597691.html</ref> Secretary of State [[Brad Raffensperger]] ordered the Dominion machines to be wiped. [https://youtu.be/EwyCk7l0owM]

A Dominion server crashed during the presidential recount.<ref>https://freedomjournalist.com/dominion-server-crashes-during-georgia-recount/</ref> The servers were being wiped in [[Atlanta]] and Fulton county.<ref>https://youtu.be/1OeKQV_xOJU</ref> A Dominion server had been removed from Fulton county.<ref>https://www.zerohedge.com/political/powell-dominion-server-removed-fulton-county-while-lawyers-sought-restraining-order</ref> Lawyers representing the state of Georgia defended Dominion’s ‘trade secrets’ to stop inspection of machines,<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/breaking/bizarre-georgia-govt-lawyers-defended-dominions-trade-secrets-to-stop-forensic-analysis-of-machines-software/</ref> and warned the judge of ‘grave consequences’ if election officials were not allowed to wipe and reset the voting machines.
<ref>https://www.bizpacreview.com/2020/12/05/georgia-officials-warn-judge-of-grave-consequences-if-theyre-not-allowed-to-wipe-reset-voting-machines-1002534/</ref>

A video showed hidden suitcases full of ballots in the State Farm Arena in Atlanta.<ref name="youtu.be">https://youtu.be/nVP_60Hm4P8</ref><ref>https://youtu.be/09-XkfJLgCs</ref><ref>https://youtu.be/A3sqPxsbM1k</ref><ref>https://youtu.be/-lRfVS_aNX8</ref><ref>https://youtu.be/oGoXq2OsUYs</ref><ref>https://www.citizenfreepress.com/breaking/ruby-freemans-daughter-provided-the-suitcase-of-votes-photos/</ref> The ballots were counted during the alleged "water pipe break".<ref>https://www.news.com.au/world/north-america/us-politics/slow-leak-text-messages-cast-doubt-on-georgia-officials-burst-pipe-excuse-for-pause-in-counting/news-story/19176f5113512210517c82debe684392</ref> Gov. [[Brian Kemp]] allegedly called for a signature audit.<ref>https://youtu.be/zCme9vXj8iA</ref>

it was confirmed: [[Dominion Voting Systems|Domininion]] machines were tampered with prior to the [[2020 presidential election]].<ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/dominion-voting-machines-were-updated-before-election-georgia-official-confirms_3604668.html1</ref> Dominion had remote desktop access to voting machines.<ref>https://gellerreport.com/2020/12/georgia-dominion-had-remote-desktop-access-to-voting-machines-poll-pads.html/</ref> Dominion gave [[Joe Biden]] a 5% boost.<ref>https://youtu.be/iKYdr-MCvNU</ref> A Dominion employee was caught on video downloading data to a [[USB]], plugging it into laptop, and manipulating data.<ref>https://dcdirtylaundry.com/dominion-employee-caught-on-video-downloading-data-on-usb-plugging-it-into-a-laptop-manipulating-data-then-palming-the-usb-video/</ref> A suspicious handoff of a USB in Fulton county was also recorded.<ref>https://www.citizenfreepress.com/breaking/suspicious-usb-handoff-in-fulton-county/</ref>

According to statistician Edward Solomon, the probability of Joe Biden winning the number of votes as reported in Fulton County is 5.88 x 10−82, or roughly greater than the number of [[atom]]s in the observable [[universe]].<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0eNr2qoHKdQ&t=676s</ref>

====GA Facebook bribery====
Fulton County officials illegally accepted more than $6 million in private grants that imposed conditions on the conduct of elections without authority from the state legislature. In addition, state election officials entered into a settlement agreement with the Democratic Party that
created rules for processing absentee ballots that directly contradict the legislature’s intent.

====GA Stacey Abram's temp service====

[[Stacey Abrams]] was instrumental in Fulton County, Georgia election fraud in the 2020 presidential election which swung the vote for Joe Biden. Evidence was presented at the Fulton County Board of Commissioners (BOC) hearing on June 16, 2021 indicating that Stacey Abrams “financed the main contractor used in Fulton County elections during the Nov 3rd [2020] poll and the Jan 5th [2021] U.S. Senate runoff.”

Bridget Thorne helped set up voting equipment prior to the November election. Thorne told the Board of Commissioners that she contacted local officials to see how she could work as a poll tech, but they redirected her to a temporary employment agency, Happy Faces. Abrams owns 16 percent of Happy Faces. Thorne explained that when the Secretary of State (SoS) offered staffing substitutes for warehouse workers who had been quarantined because of [[covid]], “Fulton County declined their offer and brought in unqualified, untrained, hundred percent minority Happy Face employees.”<ref>https://uncoverdc.com/2021/06/17/fulton-county-early-election-hiring-implicates-stacey-abrams/</ref> Thorne quoted a 2014 ''Atlanta Journal-Constitution'' (AJC) article regarding a company Abrams founded called NOWaccount, a company that “secures government contracts.” Stacey Abrams, according to Thorne:
{{quotebox-float|“Owns 16 percent [of NOWaccount]…NOWaccount is registered as the only secured party provider for Happy Faces. NOWaccount provides the line of credit…with the purse strings connection of Stacey Abrams to Happy Faces, you must ask does she have influence over who gets hired to work for our elections. Can she or her activist groups also recommend employees? With Happy Faces working one hundred percent early voting, ballot adjudication, absentee ballot processing, warehouse, dropbox, signature verification—they are basically running our elections. Shouldn’t we know who they are recruiting? Shouldn’t we know who they are? Could an activist group have a special connection and ability to work our election while veteran poll clerks like me are shut out?”}}
[[File:Georgia Nov 3 2020.PNG|rright|350px|thumb|]]

====The pipe burst lie====
Originally when the [[mainstream media]] reported it at the time, a water main pipe allegedly burst, forcing the evacuation of the room where mail-in and absentee ballots were counted in the State Farm Arena. However, these [[fake news]] reports also claimed that no ballots were damaged.

Republican election observers were forced from the room. Employees were told ballot counting ceased for the night and would resume at 8:00 AM. Four workers remained behind. Within minutes after everyone's departure, surveillance camera's revealed the workers unloading tens of thousands of ballots secreted away beneath draped tables The workers began furiously running the ballots through tabulation machines.

=====Ballot box stuffing=====
A voter fraud hearing in Georgia features explosive allegations of ballot stuffing. The witness said that after the observers left, the remaining workers "move[d] into action and began scanning ballots." This was allegedly not under any observation other than the surveillance cameras.<ref name="youtu.be"/>

====GA no down ballot voting====

President Trump gained 2,432,799 votes, while the GOP Senate candidate tallied 2,433,617 votes. This is a difference of only 818 votes. Joe Biden in contrast gained 2,414,651 votes, while his Democratic Senate candidate tallied 2,318,850 votes. This is a difference of 95,801 votes.

====GA ineligible voters and unlawful ballots====
132,000 ineligible voters were identified in Fulton county.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/huge-breaking-news-georgia-132000-ballots-fulton-county-georgia-identified-likely-ineligible/</ref> Officials failed to enforce state law residency requirements on voters who changed addresses before the November 3, 2020 election, leading to an estimated 20,000 unlawful ballots being improperly counted. Data experts put the total number of illegal votes counted and legal votes not counted at more than 200,000, far greater than the margin separating Joe Biden and Donald Trump in the state.<ref>Fulton County (GA) Superior Court Case No. 2020CV342959.</ref>

====GA counterfeit ballots====
A poll worker testified they saw “counterfeit” ballots with darker colored watermarks that went 100% to Joe Biden. When the Elections Director was alerted to the counterfeit ballots they brushed off concerns and said the watermarks were darker because of the use of different printers. The poll worker testified about “the use of different paper for ballots, that would constitute fraud stating”:
{{quotebox-float|I noticed that almost all of the ballots I reviewed were for Biden. Many batches went 100% for Biden. I also observed that the watermark on at least 3 ballots were solid gray instead of transparent, leading me to believe the ballot was counterfeit. I challenged this and the Elections Director said it was a legitimate ballot and was due to the use of different printers. Many ballots had markings for Biden only, and no markings on the rest of the ballot.}}
Another worker (same witness who gave sworn statement in ''Wood v. Raffensperger'') explained she observed batches of pristine ballots with different texture paper with machine-stamped bubbles that went 98% for Joe Biden:<ref>https://youtu.be/HZ0kM4mVlfI</ref>
{{quotebox-float|Most of the ballots had already been handled; they had been written on by people, and the edges were worn. They showed obvious use. However, one batch stood out. It was pristine. There was a difference in the texture of the paper – it was if they were intended for absentee use but had not been used for that purposes. There was a difference in the feel.

These different ballots included a slight depressed pre-fold so they could be easily folded and unfolded for use in the scanning machines. There were no markings on the ballots to show where they had com~ from, or where they had been processed. These stood out.

In my 20 years of experience of handling ballots, I observed that the markings for the candidates on these ballots were unusually uniform, perhaps even with a ballot-marking device. By my estimate in observing these ballots, approximately 98% constituted votes for Joe Biden. I only observed two of these ballots as votes for President Donald J. Trump.”<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/georgia-lawsuit-witness-testifies-use-different-paper-counterfeit-ballots-watermark-solid-grey-instead-transparent-100-joe-biden/</ref>}}

====GA dead people voting====
27,000 90-year-olds and 2,000 100 year-olds were registered to vote.<ref>https://www.dickmorris.com/category/lunchtime-videos/</ref>

===2020 Wisconsin===
Wisconsin law requires photo ID for absentee ballot requests, specifically to prevent fraud. Notably, the law mentions the legislature’s intent “to prevent overzealous solicitation of absent electors who may prefer not to participate in an election.”

The Wisconsin Election Commission also violated state law by allowing voters to claim “indefinite confinement” as a means of avoiding the legal requirement to provide a photo ID when requesting an absentee ballot. The legislature established this exemption for the elderly and disabled, yet many of the individuals who claimed it in 2020 subsequently left their homes to participate in family outings, political protests, and other activities that directly contradict their claim to have been “indefinitely confined.”

Data experts estimate that more than 150,000 votes were affected by these violations, including nearly 100,000 illegal ballots cast by individuals falsely claiming to be indefinitely confined.<ref>Wisconsin Supreme Court Case No. 2020AP1930-OA.</ref>

====WI turnout and ballot dump====
[[File:Milwaukee turnout 2020.jpeg|left|300px|thumb|Turnout exceeded registered voters in some Milwaukee precincts by 200%.]]
Theredelephants reports in [[Wisconsin]], voter turnout matched the record high of 2004. The Wisconsin Elections Commission uses the estimated voting age population as the denominator when calculating statewide voter turnout numbers. According to the Elections Commission, there was a 73 percent turnout in this Wisconsin election.

Turnout was 67 percent in 2016; 70 percent in 2012; 69 percent in 2008; and 73 percent in 2004. Apparently Joe Biden smashed [[Barack Obama]]’s 2008 turnout in most places in the country.

In both Michigan and Wisconsin, several vote dumps occurred at approximately 4am on Wednesday morning November 4, 2020 which showed that Joe Biden received almost 100 percent of the votes. President Trump was leading by hundreds of thousands of votes in both states as America went to sleep, and turnout in the state of Wisconsin seems to be particularly impossible.

In Wisconsin on election day before the polls opened, Republicans led Mail-in Ballots requested 43% to 35%, and Mail-in and early in-person ballots returned 43% to 35%. Almost ALL of the ballots found, while most in the country were sleeping, after they officials stated they would stop counting, were for Joe Biden.

Some statistically savvy observers noticed other mathematical flaws, as random numbers in statistics should follow a pattern in their distribution. If the numbers are falsified, it is easy to detect.

Biden had 49,000 votes posted on the City of Milwaukee website as of 4 AM Wednesday and 194,000 votes as of 3 PM Wednesday.<ref>https://twitter.com/RichHiggins_DC/status/1329268228883963904</ref> 102 wards added more than 500 votes, 16 added more than 1000. State margin 20k <ref>https://t.co/ToBWG58yXv</ref><ref>pic.twitter.com/3yzpYSEJ0q</ref>

The increase in Democrats relative to Republicans was significantly higher when the Democrat was doing worse overall in early counting. Within each ward, late votes broke heavily to the Democrat in exactly the races where they are likely to affect the result.

====WI illegal instructions from the Election Board====
[[File:Wisconsin-Rock-County-3.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Vote switching in Rock County, Wisconsin.]]
In Wisconsin, the law states that ballots returned by a third party absent a witness statement are invalid and not to be counted. Municipal clerks and vote counters across the state filled out witness signatures themselves. Acting on false and unlawful advice from the Wisconsin Elections Commission (WEC), these clerks may have invalidated thousands of [[absentee ballot|absentee votes]].
[[File:WI fraudulent ballots.png|left|300px|thumb|Fraudulent ballots cast in Wisconsin.<ref>https://justthenews.com/politics-policy/elections/group-files-emergency-petition-wisconsin-after-finding-potentially-150000?utm_source=daily-newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter</ref>]]
The WEC sent uniform instructions to voters with their mail-in ballots that informed them that “your witness must sign and provide their full address (street number, street name, city) in the Certification of Witness section” and warned that “if any of the required information above is missing, your ballot will not be counted.” However, on October 19, 2020 the WEC sent instructions to clerks that they can simply fill in the witness address themselves so that the ballot would not be invalidated. “Please note that the clerk should attempt to resolve any missing witness address information prior to Election Day if possible, and this can be done through reliable information (personal knowledge, voter registration information, through a phone call with the voter or witness),” WEC wrote. “The witness does not need to appear to add a missing address.”<ref>https://justthenews.com/politics-policy/elections/many-200000-wisconsin-residents-may-have-voted-absentee-without-having</ref>

“The statute is very, very clear,” said retired Wisconsin Supreme Court Justice Michael Gableman, who worked as a poll watcher in Milwaukee on Election Day. “If an absentee ballot does not have a witness address on it, it’s not valid. That ballot is not valid.” The former Wisconsin Supreme Court Justice said the ballots should be invalidated. “In defiance of and direct contradiction to the statute, the Wisconsin Elections Commission gave guidance–that is, cover–to all 72 county clerks and turned the statute on his head,” Gableman said. “They said, ‘Gee, we know the law says an absentee ballot without the witness address is not valid, but county clerk, you have a duty to go ahead and look up on your own the witness’ address if there’s no address on the absentee ballot.”<ref>https://redstate.com/scotthounsell/2020/11/08/ballot-clerks-in-wisconsin-allegedly-added-witness-statements-to-thousands-of-invalid-ballots-n276848</ref>

Anticipating a legal challenge to this seemingly highly unlawful advice, the WEC instructed clerks to write in these witness addresses in red pen so that they would be easy to find during a recount or audit of the vote.

The Republican Party of Wisconsin estimates that thousands of witness addresses may have been changed, thus invalidating the ballots on which they appeared. The statutory remedy for this is to subtract a commensurate number of votes for the candidates for whom those ballots were cast, meaning that vote totals may substantially change.

====WI vote switching====
[[File:WI indefinite.png|right|350px|thumb]]
Evidence shows that the vote totals for Rock County appeared to be switched between President Trump and Joe Biden. 9,516 votes were eliminated from President Trump and moved to Joe Biden. This 19,032 vote difference when corrected would eliminate Biden’s lead in Wisconsin.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/breaking-exclusive-system-glitch-also-uncovered-wisconsin-reversal-19032-votes-removes-lead-joe-biden/aypundit.com</ref><ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/happening-mit-scientist-offer-president-trump-proof-computer-algorithm-likely-transferred-69000-votes-trump-joe-biden-michigan/</ref>

====WI fraudulent ballots====
Under Wisconsin state law, a voter must present a valid photo ID when requesting to vote by mail. The exception to the rule is for those voters who are currently hospitalized or “indefinitely confined because of age, physical illness, or infirmity.”<ref>https://redstate.com/shipwreckedcrew/2020/11/24/trump-campaign-focusing-on-unlawful-use-of-absentee-ballot-process-to-avoid-wisconsin-id-requirement-n284528</ref> [[Covid]] doesn't meet the qualifications for an "indefinitely confined" voter.

===2020 Nevada===
{{See also|Nevada election fraud}}
According to data from the [[Nevada]] Secretary of State website, the total ballots Cast on November 3 was 1,327,394.<ref>https://www.nvsos.gov/sos/home/showdocument?id=9054</ref> The Silver State website, run by the Nevada Secretary of State, reported the total number of votes cast for each candidate. Joe Biden received a total of 703,486 votes, or 50.06% of the votes, while Donald Trump got 669,890 votes, or 47.67%. Simple math would show that adding the number of votes cast for each presidential candidate (703,486 + 669,890), should equal the total votes cast, or 1,327,394. But it doesn’t. It adds up to 1,373,376. That is 45,982 more votes that the Secretary of States website says were cast in the entire election.

The numbers as officially reported on the Silver State website, show Joe Biden with a +33,596 margin over President Trump. But from the calculations there were an additional 45,982 votes were allocated to someone.<ref>https://twpundit.com/2020/11/23/calculating-voter-fraud-nevadas-numbers-dont-add-up/</ref>

42,000 voters voted twice and have multiple voter registration numbers associated with substantially the same name, birthdate, and address.<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/news/nevada-fraud-hearing-obstruction-machines-dead/</ref>

====NV out-of-state votes====
A Letter from lawyers to [[Attorney General]] [[Bill Barr]] included 60 pages of voter records, stated that they have identified 3,062 individuals who appear to have improperly cast mail ballot in the election. [[CBS News]] verified these facts by cross referencing the names and addresses of voters with National Change of Address database/<ref>https://twitter.com/CBS_Herridge/status/1324535401969864705</ref>

Almost 20,000 Nevada voters had a non-Nevada mailing address. 2,468 voters legally changed their address to another jurisdiction or state or country.

====NV unverified votes counted====
A [[whistleblower]] came forward indicating he witnessed [[illegal]] ballots being counted without signatures being verified.<ref>https://twitter.com/NVGOP/status/1325254758811095040</ref> He was instructed to ignore discrepancies with addresses. The worker swire out an affidavit which was sent to the [[Department of Justice]] in [[Washington, D.C.]].<ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/breaking-trump-campaign-taking-numerous-new-legal-actions-in-election-battle</ref>

====NV provisional ballots====
60,000 Trump voters were tricked into using provisional ballots that were never counted.<ref>https://dcdirtylaundry.com/nevada-poll-workers-tricked-60000-mostly-trump-voters-into-using-provisional-ballots-that-were-never-counted/</ref>

====NV gift card lottery for votes====
A Nevada state agency offered gift cards for votes.<ref>https://www.reviewjournal.com/opinion/opinion-columns/victor-joecks/victor-joecks-nevada-group-offered-gift-cards-for-voting-and-a-state-agency-promoted-it-2187045/</ref> Key [[Native American]] leaders working with the Biden campaign offered tribal members and associates Visa gift cards, jewelry, and other “swag” to vote in the presidential election. It is illegal to offer any kind of bribe or payment for a vote.

In one long video, officials from the Reno-Sparks Indian Colony are shown offering a raffle for gift cards in values of $25, $100, $250, and $500 to those who can prove they voted. Other gifts for voting include bracelets, necklaces, earrings, T-shirts, and masks.<ref>https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/washington-secrets/pro-biden-effort-offered-native-americans-25-500-visa-gift-cards-jewelry-to-vote</ref>

====NV dead people voting====
Almost 1,500 Nevada voters listed as deceased by the Social Security Administration (SSA) Master Death File, Consumer Data Vendors, Public Obituary Data Matches, and Credit Bureau Deceased Data voted.

====NV non-existent voters====
USPS Flags on Non-Residential Addresses: approximately 15,000 voters are registered to vote at either a commercial address or a vacant property. Almost 6,000 had USPS flags on vacant addresses. Approximately 8,000 voters had registered addresses that are physically non-existent.

===2020 Arizona===
[[File:Maricopa-audit-6.jpg|right|350px|thumb|The Maricopa County Election Management Systems databases were deleted after they were [[subpoena]]ed by the Arizona Senate.<ref>https://100percentfedup.com/breaking-bombshell-maricopa-co-deleted-entire-2020-election-database-showing-results-tally-and-reporting-days-before-equipment-was-delivered-to-the-audit-this-is-spoilati/</ref>]]
:{{See also|Arizona election fraud}}
On November 16, 2020, Arizona reported a 65.9% voter turnout. On November 30, 2020, the Secretary of State’s reported 79.9% voter turnout, the highest in the country according to latest aggregated results from Statista.

Arizona reported the number of ballots cast was 3,420,565 in 2020 versus 1,037,550 in 1998, or 2,383,015 more people voted in 2020 vs 1998. In the same span of time the population grew by only 1,756,24. In other words, every single new person in the state - 100% over the past twenty-two years - voted, plus an additional 166,511 more than the population growth.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/12/numbers-dont-lie-data-scientists-break-voter-fraud-arizona-shocking-video/</ref>

There was no proper signature validation of 1.9 million on mail in ballots.<ref>https://sharylattkisson.com/2020/11/what-youve-been-asking-for-a-fairly-complete-list-of-some-of-the-most-significant-claims-of-2020-election-miscounts-errors-or-fraud/</ref>

====AZ Ballot destruction and vote switching====
Over 75,000 absentee ballots were reported as unreturned when they were actually returned. These absentee ballots were then either lost or destroyed (consistent with allegations of Trump ballot destruction) and/or were replaced with blank ballots filled out by election workers
or other third parties.<ref>In the United States District Court for the District of Arizona, ''[https://www.democracydocket.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/2020/12/Bower-Complaint-AZ.pdf Tyler Bowyer et al v.. Doug Ducey]'', December 2, 2020.</ref>

In cases where ballots were too damaged or illegible to be read by vote tabulation machines, Novus software 6.0.0.0. was used in an attempt to cure or restore the ballots. The system would do so by trying to read the applicable scans of the original rejected ballots. However, as noted in a court “the software was highly inaccurate, and it often flipped the vote....the software would erroneously prefill ‘Biden’ twice as often as it did ‘Trump.’”<ref>https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/20417265/ward-v-jackson-complaint-and-petition-for-discovery.pdf</ref>

====AZ Equal protection violations====
Mail-in voters had up to 5 days to “cure” or “fix” invalid mail-in ballots sent prior to Election Day. In-person voters in Maricopa County had to deal with poll workers who did not know how to work electronic voting machines properly. This resulted in thousands of in-person votes being marked incorrectly, given provisional ballots, and disregarded rather than cured.

====AZ Facebook funding fraud====
State officers and [[Maricopa County]] Officials failed to enforce the state law against private companies from directing federal election administration, accepting millions of dollars in private grants that gave some voters in the state access to advantages that were unavailable to voters in other parts of the state. These officials also allowed for gaps in the chain of custody of official ballots through the use of “mobile” drop boxes that are stationed in unsupervised public locations, failed to enforce the state law against double voting, and failed to enforce the state law against allowing people to vote using an address where they no longer live.

As a result of these violations, data experts estimate that more than 300,000 potentially fraudulent ballots may have influenced the outcome of the popular vote in the state, including more than 200,000 illegal ballots that were counted and about 75,000 legal votes that were not
counted.<ref>Superior Court of the State of Arizona in and for the County of Maricopa Case No. CV 2020-096490.</ref>

====AZ Dominion Voting Systems====
Each [[Democrat party]] candidate was allotted 35,000 votes by rigged election machine before the voting started at 7 AM.

The Trump campaign and [[Republican National Committee]] filed a lawsuit that seeks the manual inspection of potentially thousands of in-person Election Day ballots in metro [[Phoenix]] that they allege were mishandled by poll workers and resulted in some ballot selections to be disregarded.

The legal challenge against Democrat Secretary of State [[Katie Hobbs]] centers on instances in which people are believed to have voted for more candidates than permitted.

When tabulators detect such an “overvote,” poll workers should give voters a choice to fix the problem, but the workers instead either pressed or told voters to press a button on the machine to override the error, leaving the devices to disregard the problematic ballot selections, according to the lawsuit.<ref>https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/11/07/2020-latest-trump-gop-sue-in-arizona-over-ballot-handling/</ref>

A Pima county whistleblower stated that Democratic Party members invited him to a meeting on September 10, 2020 and outlined a plan to add 35,000 votes to each Democrat candidate.
{{quotebox-float|"When I asked how in the world will 35,000 votes be kept hidden from being discovered, it was stated that spread distribution will be embedded across the entire registered-voter range and will not exceed the registered-vote count, and the 35,000 was determined allowable in Pima County, based on our county registered-vote count.

It was also stated that total voter turnout versus total registered voters determine how many votes we can embed.

[[Maricopa County|Maricopa]] [County] embed totals would be substantially higher than Pima’s due to embeds being based upon the total number of registered voters.

When I asked if this has been tested and how do we know it works, the answer was yes, and has shown success in Arizona judicial-retention elections since 2014, even undetectable in post-audits because no candidate will spend the kind of funds needed to audit and contact voters to verify votes in the full potential of total registered voters, which is more than 500,000 registered voters."<ref>https://www.dailysignal.com/2020/11/30/4-takeaways-from-arizonas-election-fraud-hearing/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=4-takeaways-from-arizonas-election-fraud-hearing</ref>}}
According to testimony from an MIT-trained mathematician, Biden may have received a weighted 130% total of Democrat votes in Maricopa County to help him win the state due to an algorithm programmed into the Dominion voting machines.<ref>[https://themichiganstar.com/2020/12/02/mathematician-says-biden-may-havereceived-130-percent-of-the-democrat-vote-in-maricopa-county-arizona/ Heine, Debra,“Mathematician Says Biden May Have Received 130 Percent of the Democrat Vote in Maricopa County, Arizona,]” December 2, 2020.</ref>

===2020 California===
California’s Office of Election Cybersecurity surveilled social media users and asked [[Facebook]], [[Twitter]], and [[Google]] to remove or flag social media postings as "misleading" election news content. SKDKnickerbocker, a communications company linked to the Biden campaign, was also involved. The company shared its “Misinformation Daily Briefings” with the California Secretary of State office, who then passed them on to the [[Big Tech]] [[social media]] giants a conspiracy against the [[First Amendment]] rights of Americans.<ref>https://www.ntd.com/california-officials-biden-linked-firm-colluded-with-big-tech-to-censor-election-posts-judicial-watch_604446.html</ref>

===Racism and voter suppression===
Democrats flipped all votes for [[Kanye West]] in Michigan to Joseph Biden.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/election-witnesses-kanyes-michigan-votes-stolen-democrats-joe-biden-video/?utm_source=Parler&utm_campaign=websitesharingbuttons</ref>

===Foreign collusion===
Di Dongsheng, a vice-dean at the School of International Relations at Renmin University in Beijing, made public statements before a large audience on November 28, 2020:
[[File:Nov. 3-4 2020 Chinese cyberattack.PNG|right|350px|thumb|Real time capture of Communist Chinese cyberattack on selected U.S. counties.]]
{{Quotebox-float|"We know that the Trump administration is in a trade war with us, so why can’t we fix the Trump administration? Why did China and the US used to be able to settle all kinds of issues between 1992 and 2016?" he asked. "I’m going to throw out something maybe a little bit explosive here. It’s just because we have people at the top. We have our old friends who are at the top of America’s core inner circle of power and influence."

"During the US-China trade war, [[Wall Street]] tried to help, and I know that my friends on the US side told me that they tried to help, but they couldn’t do much. But now we’re seeing Biden was elected, the traditional elite, the political elite, the establishment, they’re very close to Wall Street, so you see that, right?"

"Trump has been saying that Biden’s son has some sort of global foundation. Have you noticed that? Who helped [Hunter] build the foundations? Got it? There are a lot of deals inside all these."<ref>https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2020/12/08/top_chinese_intellectual_boasts_about_old_friends_who_are_at_the_top_of_americas_core_inner_circle_of_power_and_influence.html#!</ref><ref>https://youtu.be/lyQUtPEBBSA</ref><ref>https://thepostmillennial.com/watch-tucker-carlson-exposes-how-media-democrats-have-been-working-on-behalf-of-china/</ref>}}

===2020 Democrat primaries and caucuses===
====2020 Iowa Caucus====
:{{See also|2020 Iowa Democratic caucuses}}
Shadow, Inc. is the company that developed the Iowa and Nevada Democratic caucus app. FEC records show Buttigieg for America paid Shadow Inc. $42,000. Former Clinton campaign chairman [[Robby Mook]] vetted the app for the Democratic party.<ref>https://pjmedia.com/election/hoo-boy-hillarys-campaign-manager-was-involved-with-that-disastrous-iowa-caucus-app/</ref> Shadow, Inc. was launched by a dark money SuperPAC called Acronym,<ref>https://hotair.com/archives/john-s-2/2020/02/05/acronym-group-behind-shadow/</ref> headed by CEO Tara McGowan, a former journalist and [[Obama for America]] operative who is married to a senior advisor of the [[Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign]].<ref>https://consortiumnews.com/2020/02/06/group-that-sabotaged-iowa-caucus-begun-by-billionaire-backer-of-alabama-false-flag-campaign/</ref> Acronym was founded by billionaire Reid Hoffman, founder of LinkedIn. Hoffman funded Project Birmingham, a covert voter suppression and [[fake news]] campaign based on the Russian model during dirty the 2017 [[Doug Jones]]/[[Roy Moore]] [[Alabama]] Senate race. Obama crony [[David Plouffe]] sits on the board of Acronym.<ref>https://twitchy.com/samj-3930/2020/02/04/hoo-boy-reading-this-damning-thread-from-lee-fang-about-pete-buttigieg-and-shadow-inc-its-no-wonder-mayorcheat-is-trending/</ref>

On election night the Iowa Democratic party stopped counting when 98% of precincts were counted and Bernie Sanders was ahead by 2,500 votes. Only the the precincts that would likely help South Bend mayor [[Pete Buttigieg]] were recounted, and the remainder of precincts were weighted to Sanders. Under the apportionment system Buttigieg was awarded two more delegates and claimed victory, but Sanders won the statewide popular vote.<ref>http://www.dickmorris.com/democratic-race-whats-next-lunch-alert/</ref> Seven of the last nine winners of the Iowa Caucus went on to win the Democratic nomination, and the DNC rigged the election to prevent Sanders from gaining momentum from a victory. Of Buttigieg's 2 delegate margin of victory, 3 were awarded by coin toss.<ref>https://twitter.com/awzurcher/status/1224533900946485250</ref> Due to Democrat corruption and election rigging, the ''[[Associated Press]]'' refused to recognize Buttigieg's claim of victory.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/02/caucuses-in-iowa-run-so-poorly-associated-press-refuses-to-declare-winner/</ref>

====2020 Wisconsin primary====
In a lawsuit filed by [[Democratic party]] operatives concerned about the [[CCP pandemic]]’s effects on voting, federal District Judge William Conley (an [[Obama]] appointee) extended the deadline for receipt of mail-in ballots from Tuesday, April 7, 2020 (the primary-election day), to Monday afternoon, April 13. That aspect of the federal district court’s ruling was not in dispute. Judge Conley, however, directed that [[absentee ballot]]s were eligible to be counted regardless of the date of post mark or otherwise delivered, as long as they came in by the April 13 deadline. In effect, that meant absentee ballots could be cast after in-person primary voting had closed on April 7.

This meant the election could be materially altered by events occurring after formal conclusion of the [[primary election]] — not least, news about the apparent election result. To address this problem, Judge Conley further ordered the Wisconsin Election Commission and election inspectors to suppress any report of the voting results until after the new April 13 deadline for the receipt of absentee ballots.<ref>https://www.nationalreview.com/2020/04/the-supreme-courts-misunderstood-ruling-on-wisconsins-coronavirus-primary/</ref> Democrat Gov. [[Tony Evers]] then banned in person voting in the April 7, 2020 primary. The Wisconsin Supreme Court then ruled Evers exceeded his authority with his [[Executive Order]] to cancel elections.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zEIrRZpwsqQ</ref> The same day [[SCOTUS]] ruled to stay a district court order that had extended the absentee voting deadline. As a result, the absentee ballot postmark and in-person return deadlines were reinstated to April 7, 2020.<ref>https://ballotpedia.org/Democratic_Party_primaries_in_Wisconsin,_2020</ref> The issue was that authority did not rest with the courts or the governor and there was no time to reschedule. [[Fake news]] media, of course, was quick to blame Republicans for the Democrat's lawsuit and the Democratic governor's overreach of [[executive branch]] authority.<ref>https://www.facebook.com/dan.bongino/videos/775321722874199/</ref> Democrat operative [[James Carville]] again stole the spotlight as the most [[demagogic]].<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/clips/2020/04/08/carville-wisconsin-primary-proved-republicans-will-kill-people-to-stay-in-power/</ref> ''The Wisconsin State Journal'' reported three weeks after the voting that Wisconsin's rate of infection actually declined after in-person voting.<ref>https://madison.com/wsj/news/local/health-med-fit/no-bump-in-covid-19-rates-after-wisconsins-april-7-election-study-says/article_b1aade1d-abec-5fc2-92fb-e1c64ccbc92f.html</ref>

After [[Wisconsin]] voted, Sanders quit, pledging to toe the CCP/DNC party line; however an ''ABC/Washington Post'' poll showed 15% of Sanders supporters will support President Trump in the November general election.<ref>https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2020/03/29/bernie-sanders-supporters-vote-trump-over-biden-poll/2936124001/</ref> Sanders press secretary immediately ripped off the mask, saying in a tweet that she can now drop "Democratic" from explaining why "Democratic Socialism" is good.<ref>https://summit.news/2020/04/08/bernies-press-secretary-now-i-can-drop-democratic-from-democratic-socialism/</ref> With Sanders out and the nomination locked up, Barack Hussein Obama still failed to endorse Biden.

====2020 Georgia primary====
[[File:Shaya Moss.png|right|300px|thumb|Shaya Moss, the Fulton County Georgia supervisor of registration, stuffed the ballot box with tens of thousands of votes for Joe Biden on the night of November 3, 2020 and in the early morning hours after.<ref>https://youtu.be/NCgSFoD0bK0</ref>]]
:{{See also|2020 Democrat primaries#Dominion Election Systems}}
Jeff Carlson of ''[[The Epoch Times]]'' reported the findings of Harri Hursti, an acknowledged expert on electronic voting security. Hursti provided a first-hand description of problems during the June 9, 2020 statewide primary election and runoff elections on August 11, 2020. Hursti summarized his findings:
*“The scanner and tabulation [[software]] settings being employed to determine which votes to count on hand marked paper ballots are likely causing clearly intentioned votes not to be counted”
*“The voting system is being operated in Fulton County in a manner that escalates the security risk to an extreme level.”
*“Voters are not reviewing their BMD [Ballot Marking Devices] printed ballots, which causes BMD generated results to be un-auditable due to the untrustworthy audit trail.”

During the runoff elections, on the night of August 11, 2020, Hursti was present at the Fulton County Election Preparation Center to observe the “upload of the memory devices coming in from the precincts to the [[Dominion Election Management System]] [EMS] server.” During this observation, Hursti noted that “system problems were recurring and the Dominion technicians operating the system were struggling with the upload process.”

Hursti also noted that it appeared that Dominion personnel were the only ones with knowledge of, and access to, the Dominion server. As Hursti stated in his declaration, “In my conversations with Derrick Gilstrap and other Fulton County Elections Department EPC personnel, they professed to have limited knowledge of or control over the EMS server and its operations.”

Hursti noted that this wholesale outsourcing of the operation of voting equipment to the vendor’s personnel was “highly unusual in my experience and of grave concern from a security and conflict of interest perspective.” Hursti referred to Dominion’s onsite operation and access as “an elevated risk factor.”

Hursti also noted that the Dell computers running the Dominion server appeared not to have been “hardened”—the process of “securing a system by reducing its surface of vulnerability.” Hursti said that he found it “unacceptable for an EMS server not to have been hardened prior to installation.”

Hursti observed that computers used in Georgia’s system for vote processing appeared to have “home/small business companion software packages” on them. This raised areas of significant concern for Hursti as he noted: “[O]ne of the first procedures of hardening is removal of all unwanted software, and removal of those game icons and the associated games and installers alongside with all other software which is not absolutely needed in the computer for election processing purposes would be one of the first and most basic steps in the hardening process. In my professional opinion, independent inquiry should be promptly made of all 159 counties to determine if the Dominion systems statewide share this major deficiency.”

Hursti discovered that one of the computers had an icon for a 2017 computer game called “Homescapes” which Hursti noted called into question whether “all Georgia Dominion system computers have the same operating system version, or how the game has come to be having a presence in Fulton’s Dominion voting system.”

Hursti also found a troubling blend of old and new equipment which carried additional security risks due to a lack of patch updates: “Although this Dominion voting system is new to Georgia, the Windows 10 operating system of at least the ‘main’ computer in the rack has not been updated for 4 years and carries a wide range of well-known and publicly disclosed vulnerabilities.”

Hursti noted that the lack of “hardening” created security risks even for computers that were not connected to the internet. He observed that when flash drives were connected to the server, the “media was automounted by the operating system. When the operating system is automounting a storage media, the operating system starts automatically to interact with the device.”

Hursti noted that the management of Fulton County’s EMS server appeared to be an “ad hoc operation with no formalized process.” This seemed particularly apparent in relation to the process of storage media coming in from various precincts throughout the night: “This kind of operation i[s] naturally prone to human errors. I observed personnel calling on the floor asking if all vote carrying compact flash cards had been delivered from the early voting machines for processing, followed by later finding additional cards which had been overlooked in apparent human error. Later, I heard again one technician calling on the floor asking if all vote carrying compact flashes had been delivered. This clearly demonstrates lack of inventory management which should be in place to ensure, among other things, that no rogue storage devices would be inserted into the computer. In response, 3 more compact flash cards were hand-delivered. Less than 5 minutes later, I heard one of the county workers say that additional card was found and was delivered for processing. All these devices were trusted by printed label only and no comparison to an inventory list of any kind was performed.”

Hursti also observed that “operations were repeatedly performed directly on the operating system.” The election software has no visibility into the operations of the operating system, which creates additional auditing problems, and as Hursti noted, “Unless the system is configured properly to collect file system auditing data is not complete. As the system appears not to be hardened, it is unlikely that the operating system has been configured to collect auditing data.”

Raising even greater concerns was the apparent “complete access” that Dominion personnel appeared to have into the computer system. Hursti observed Dominion technicians troubleshooting error messages with a “trial-and-error” approach which included access into the “Computer Management” application, indicating complete access in Hursti’s opinion.

As he stated in his declaration, “This means there are no meaningful access separation and privileges and roles controls protecting the county’s primary election servers. This also greatly amplifies the risk of catastrophic human error and malicious program execution.”

During these attempts to resolve the various issues that were occurring in real-time, Hursti noted that it appeared as though Dominion staff shifted from on-site attempts at remediation to off-site troubleshooting:
{{quotebox-float|“The Dominion staff member walked behind the server rack and made manual manipulations which could not be observed from my vantage point. After that they moved with their personal laptops to a table physically farther away from the election system and stopped trying different ways to work around the issue in front of the server, and no longer talked continuously with their remote help over phone.

In the follow-up-calls I overheard them ask people on the other end of the call to check different things, and they only went to a computer and appeared to test something and subsequently take a picture of the computer screen with a mobile phone and apparently send it to a remote location.”

Hursti stated that this “created a strong mental impression that the troubleshooting effort was being done remotely over remote access to key parts of the system.”}}
Hursti also noted that a “new wireless access point with a hidden SSID access point name appeared in the active [[Wi-Fi]] stations list” that he was monitoring.

All of this raised material alarms for Hursti, who noted that
{{quotebox-float|“If in fact remote access was arranged and granted to the server, this has gravely serious implications for the security of the new Dominion system. Remote access, regardless how it is protected and organized is always a security risk, but furthermore it is transfer of control out of the physical perimeters and deny any ability to observe the activities.”<ref>https://themarketswork.com/2020/11/15/pre-election-concerns-over-dominion-voting-systems-highlighted-in-georgia-lawsuit/</ref>}}

==2018==
:{{See also|2018 Midterm elections}}
===2018 California===
[[California]]’s 2016 AB 1921 significantly amended election law by making the practice of ballot harvesting legal. That amendment significantly altered the race there in 2018:
{{quotebox|“And so, as the polls closed on election day, no less than six California Republican House candidates…were ahead in their respective races, some comfortably enough to declare victory and move on with plans for the next Congressional term. However, as absentee and provisional ballot results rolled in over the next few days and weeks, the vast majority of which predictably favored Democrats, their Democratic opponents managed to ‘find’ enough votes to snatch victory from the jaws of defeat. 

The change was a small but significant one. California, in its infinite wisdom, decided to make the practice of “ballot harvesting” legal. Thus, instead of only relatives or those living in the same household being allowed to legally collect and turn in absentee ballots for voters – as was previously the law – any “third party” can do it, including activist groups, Democratic operatives, or street-corner panhandlers."<ref>https://uncoverdc.com/2020/09/25/election-fraud-becomes-a-focus-in-the-2020-election/</ref>}}

===2018 Florida===
On November 8, two days after the 2018 midterm election, Marc Elias traveled to Broward County, [[Florida]] to represent Democrats.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/clinton-campaign-lawyer-with-ties-to-trump-dossier-leads-democrat-recount-effort-in-florida</ref> A judge ruled county Democrat election officials violated Florida's public records laws and the state constitution, and ordered the county election supervisor to disclose the total number of ballots cast and the total number remaining to be counted.<ref>https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/courts/florida-judge-sides-with-rick-scott-orders-broward-county-elections-head-to-release-vote-counts?_amp=true</ref> Tampering and chain of custody issues were litigated.<ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/38162/rubio-heres-more-evidence-potential-voting-law-james-barrett</ref><ref>https://twitter.com/Str8DonLemon/status/1061991384369020929</ref> Lawyers for Democrats want to count the votes on non-[[U.S. citizen]]s.<ref>https://www.zerohedge.com/news/2018-11-10/democratic-lawyers-object-non-citizen-ballot-being-thrown-out</ref>

===2018 New Mexico===
Following Rep. [[Steve Pearce]]'s announcement that he would run for governor rather than seek re-election to another House term in 2018,<ref>[https://www.koat.com/article/gop-rep-steve-pearce-runs-for-governor-will-leave-congress/10283073 Congressman Pearce announces run for governor]</ref> [[Yvette Herrell]] ran for the seat, winning the Republican primary and facing Democrat [[Xochitl Torres Small]]. Herrell was initially declared the winner of the race on Election Night, but "lost" after several thousand ballots were "mysteriously discovered".<ref>Two references:
*[https://100percentfedup.com/declared-gop-winner-in-new-mexicos-congressional-race-says-race-is-being-stolen-after-democrat-sec-of-state-magically-finds-8000-uncounted-votes/ DECLARED GOP WINNER In New Mexico’s Congressional Race Says Race Is Being “Stolen” After Democrat Sec Of State “Magically” Finds 8,000 Uncounted Votes]
*[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2018/11/another-stolen-race-nm-democrat-rep-small-wins-reelection-after-8000-ballots-found-in-a-warehouse/ MORE DEMOCRAT TRICKS: GOP Candidate Wins NM Seat in Congress – Then Magic Stash of 8,000 Ballots Turns Up (VIDEO)]</ref> Despite claims made by liberals that there supposedly was no evidence of election fraud, a later audit as reported by the ''Daily Signal'' found signs of such.<ref name="EXCLUSIVE: Audit Finds Signs of Fraud in New Mexico House Race"/> Herrell refused to concede the race due to it likely having been stolen.<ref>Multiple references:
*[https://apnews.com/article/5b60440d91e64e39a0d3ace26089d475 Republican Herrell not conceding US House race in New Mexico]
*[https://www.newsmax.com/john-gizzi/new-mexico-xochiti-torres-small-yvette-harrell-voter-integrity/2018/11/12/id/890393/ Republican Yvette Herrell Will Not Concede NM-2 Race]
*[https://www.krqe.com/news/new-mexico/herrell-refusing-to-concede-in-2nd-congressional-district-race/ Herrell refusing to concede in 2nd Congressional District race]</ref>

==2016==
[[File:Harvey-weinstein-Hillary-clinton-dinner-with-after-election-loss (2).jpg|right|200px|thumb|'''Hillary Clinton dines with Hollywood [[oligarch]] and Democrat mega-donor Harvey Weinstein after the 2016 election, December 13, 2016.''' Weinstein, a charter founder of the Clinton Legal Defense Fund organized to defend President Clinton from sexual harassment and assault charges, has been accused of [[rape]] by 97 women.<ref>https://www.businessinsider.com/list-of-women-who-have-accused-harvey-weinstein-of-sexual-harassment-or-assault-2017-10</ref> Hillary has posed as crusader for Women's Rights throughout heer career.]]
:{{See also|Hillary Rodham Clinton}}

[[Marc Elias]] paid [[FusionGPS]] for the ''[[Steele dossier]]'' on behalf of the [[Hillary for America]] campaign and the [[Democratic National Committee]].<ref>https://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/russia-perkins-coie-clinton-dossier-meet-the-democratic-law-firm-behind-the-russian-collusion-narrative/</ref> The ''Steele dossier'' was used by the [[Barack Obama|Obama]] [[FBI]] to hoax the [[FISA court]] into granting [[surveillance]] warrants to [[spy]] on the [[2016 Trump campaign]], [[Trump transition]], and [[Trump administration]].<ref>[https://theconservativetreehouse.com/2020/03/08/doj-political-surveillance-from-the-irs-in-2011-to-the-fisa-court-in-2016/ DOJ Political Surveillance – From the IRS in 2011 to the FISA Court in 2016], Posted on March 8, 2020 by sundance. theconservativetreehouse.com</ref><ref>https://www.investors.com/politics/editorials/memo-fbi-used-tainted-steele-dossier-paid-for-by-hillary-clinton-as-reason-to-spy-on-trump/</ref> Elias lied to ''[[New York Times]]'' reporters regarding the employment of FusionGPS.<ref>https://twitter.com/kenvogel/status/922955410327425027?s=20</ref>

====2016 Democrat operatives incite violence at Trump rallies====
[[Project Veritas]] uncovered a nationwide Democrat effort to incite violence at Trump rallies.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2016/10/18/politics/project-veritas-action-robert-creamer-donald-trump-rallies/index.html</ref><ref>https://youtu.be/YH7GIT4qUPE</ref>

====2016 Democrat primaries====
The Democrat primary was rigged against Bernie Sanders and in favor of Hillary Clinton, and the party was shown to be helping Clinton behind the scenes.<ref>Griffin, Andrew (November 9, 2016). [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-elections/bernie-sanders-us-election-president-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-democrats-primary-results-a7408451.html Donald Trump won election because Democrats rigged system to have Clinton beat Bernie Sanders, says WikiLeaks]. ''The Independent''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref><ref>Hoft, Jim (October 18, 2016). [https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2016/10/obama-lectures-media-integrity-elections-forgets-democrats-just-rigged-primary-bernie/ Obama Lectures Trump on "Rigged" Elections — Forgets That Democrats Just Rigged Primary Against Bernie]. ''The Gateway Pundit''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref> In addition, the Democrat primary has "superdelegates", who are made up of party leaders and can vote for whomever they want regardless of what the primary voters want.<ref>Resnikoff, Ned (May 16, 2016). [http://www.ibtimes.com/political-capital/why-will-superdelegates-decide-2016-democratic-primary-unearthed-documents-hold Why Will Superdelegates Decide The 2016 Democratic Primary? Unearthed Documents Hold The Key]. ''International Business Times''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref> Even the leftist website [[Salon Media Group]] believed the primary was rigged.<ref>Demoro, Roseann (March 30, 2016). [https://www.salon.com/2016/03/30/10_ways_the_democratic_primary_has_been_rigged_from_the_start_partner/ 10 ways the Democratic primary has been rigged from the start]. ''Salon''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref>

The Democrat Iowa Caucus was very chaotic, poorly run, and whose results were very questionable.<ref>Samuelson, Darren (February 8, 2016). [https://www.politico.com/story/2016/02/how-iowa-democrats-couldnt-handle-a-two-candidate-race-218934 Inside the Iowa caucus chaos]. ''Politico''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref><ref>Tuttle, Ian (February 5, 2016). [https://www.nationalreview.com/article/430878/hillary-clintons-iowa-victory-transparent-irregularities Iowa's Transparently Dishonest Democratic Caucus]. ''National Review''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref><ref>Jacobs, Jennifer (February 3, 2016). [http://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/elections/presidential/caucus/2016/02/02/iowas-nightmare-revisited-correct-winner-called-caucus-night/79702010/ Iowa's nightmare revisited: Was correct winner called?] ''The Des Moines Register''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref> It was reported that the results of 90 precincts, about 5 percent of the vote, went missing.<ref>[http://conservativetribune.com/iowa-caucus-democrat-party/ Iowa Democrat Party Issues Stunning Announcement About Caucus Results]. ''Conservative Tribune''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref>

Donna Brazile, the interim DNC Chair, shared Democrat primary town hall questions to the Clinton campaign in order to help her win the primary.<ref>Shaw, Adam (March 17, 2017). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/03/17/brazile-admits-forwarded-debate-questions-to-clinton-camp.html Brazile admits she forwarded town hall questions to Clinton camp]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved March 17, 2017.</ref><ref>Ernst, Douglas (March 17, 2017). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/mar/17/donna-brazile-admits-leaking-debate-questions-to-c/ Donna Brazile admits leaking debate questions to Clinton camp: 'A mistake I will forever regret']. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved March 17, 2017.</ref> She continued to deny this fact through February 2017<ref>Scarry, Eddie (March 17, 2017). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/donna-brazile-finally-admits-she-shared-debate-questions-with-clinton-campaign/article/2617742 Donna Brazile finally admits she shared debate questions with Clinton campaign]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved March 17, 2017.</ref> and blamed [[Russia]] for the ordeal.<ref>Hudson, Jerome (March 18, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/03/18/donna-brazile-admits-to-sharing-debate-questions-with-clinton-camp-blames-russia/ Donna Brazile Admits to Sharing Debate Questions With Clinton Camp, Blames Russia]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 18, 2017.</ref>

Per election, an individual donor can contribute $2,700 to any candidate, $10,000 to any state party committee, and (during the 2016 cycle) $33,400 to a national party's main account. These groups can all get together and take a single check from a donor for the sum of those contribution limits — it's legal because the donor cannot exceed the base limit for any one recipient. State parties however can make unlimited transfers to the national party.

In 2014 the [[Supreme Court]] made clear in ''McCutcheon v. FEC'', the Joint Finance Committee (JFC) may not solicit or accept contributions to circumvent base limits, through "earmarks" and "straw men" that are ultimately excessive — there are five separate prohibitions.

Six-figure donations to the Clinton machine either never actually passed through state party accounts or were never actually under state party control, which adds false FEC reporting violations by the Hillary Victory Fund (HVF), state parties, and the DNC to other violations.

Donna Brazile and others admitted that the DNC placed the funds under the Clinton campaign's direct control, a massive breach of campaign finance law. Democratic donors, knowing the funds would end up with Clinton's campaign, wrote six-figure checks to influence the election — 100 times larger than allowed. HVF bundled these megagifts and, on a single day, reported transferring money to all participating state parties, some of which would then show up on FEC reports filed by the DNC as transferring the exact same dollar amount on the exact same day to the DNC. Yet not all the state parties reported either receiving or transferring those sums.<ref>https://www.investors.com/politics/commentary/the-anatomy-of-hillary-clintons-84-million-money-laundering-scheme/</ref>
[[File:Sethrich-e1494948876256.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Seth Rich (1989-2016) was a Sanders' supporter who leaked DNC emails to WikiLeaks. His bullet ridden body was found on a dark Washington DC street two weeks before Hillary's nominating convention.]]
Clinton talking points emphasized the idea that US intelligence, the same people who brought you the [[WMD]] debacle, claim Russia and Putin were responsible for the hack of [[DNC]] servers which resulted in the firing of Democratic National Committee Chair [[Debbie Wasserman Schultz]]. This presumably would exonerate anyone connected with the DNC or Clinton campaign from complicity in the Murder of Seth Rich.

The Democratic National Committee (DNC) emails provided by [[Wikileaks]] showed clear [[collusion]] between Clinton, [[mainstream media]] outlets, and the DNC to smear [[Bernie Sanders]]. Thousands of hopeful millennials felt betrayed by the Democratic party. DNC Chair Debbie Wasserman Schultz was forced out on the eve of the convention, less than 24 hours after dozens of emails were published by Wikileaks showing her and her staff rigging the primary elections for Hillary Clinton.

Wikileaks founder [[Julian Assange]] offered $20,000 cash reward for the arrest and conviction of Seth Rich's killers or killer, the alleged [[Whistleblower Statutes|whistleblower]] who provided the DNC emails to Wikileaks and was murdered execution style in early July 2016. Hillary says of Assange in an email, "Can't we just drone this guy?"<ref>http://truepundit.com/under-intense-pressure-to-silence-wikileaks-secretary-of-state-hillary-clinton-proposed-drone-strike-on-julian-assange/</ref> To silence Assange, Wikileaks internet access was cut by the government of Ecuador after the release of Hillary's private paid speech to [[Goldman Sachs]]. Wikileaks Director, Prof. Gavin Macfayden, was found dead the following week. Macfayden's death was the third of a close associate of Assange in 6 months.<ref>https://mobile.twitter.com/wikileaks/status/790004642038050816/photo/1</ref>

===2016 Google interference===
Dr. Robert Epstein of the American Institute for Behavioral Research and Technology testified before Congress that [[Google]] bias and meddling had shifted "between 2.6 million and up to 10.4 million votes" to Hillary Clinton.<ref>https://www.powerlineblog.com/archives/2019/08/psychologist-google-generated-at-least-2-6-million-votes-for-hillary.php</ref>

==2012==
====2012 Experimental voting software, precincts with no Romney votes in PA and OH====
The key battleground states of Pennsylvania and Ohio interestingly had many precincts recording no votes for Romney at all,<ref>Miller, J. (2012, November 12). [https://www.cbsnews.com/8301-250_162-57548626/romney-earned-zero-votes-in-some-urban-precincts Romney Earned Zero Votes In Some Urban Precincts]. CBS News.</ref> this after voting scandals with experimental voting software.<ref>Sherman, E. (2012, November 6). [https://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505124_162-57545531/ohio-faces-controversy-over-voting-machines-update Ohio Faces Controversy Over Voting Machines]. CBS News.</ref>

===2012 Florida===
====Joe Garcia staffer====
The Chief of Staff for Democrat Rep. Joe Garcia resigned in June 2013 for his role in a voter fraud scheme whereby hundreds of absentee ballots were fraudulently submitted. The fraud occurred in an election where Garcia defeated [[Republican Party|Republican]] candidate [[David Rivera]].<ref>(2013, June 2). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/06/02/top-staffer-for-florida-democratic-rep-resigns-amid-voting-fraud-probe Top staffer for Florida Democratic Rep. Garcia resigns amid voting fraud probe]. Associated Press. Prill, K. (2013, July 17). [http://www.nrcc.org/2013/07/17/democrat-hush-money-over-voter-fraud-scandal-in-florida Democrat Hush Money Over Voter Fraud Scandal in Florida?]. National Republican Campaign Committee.</ref>

====Democrat voter suppression====
[[Florida]] Republican voters statewide received letters postmarked from [[Seattle]] saying they weren't eligible to vote.<ref>(2012, October 24). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2012/10/23/fake-voter-registration-letters-raise-alarm-in-florida-with-early-voting-set-to Fake voter registration letters raise alarm in Florida with early voting set to begin]. FOX News.</ref>

===2012 Ohio===
====Melowese Richardson====
Melowese Richardson, an [[Ohio]] Democratic poll worker was one of three Democrats charged with voter fraud.<ref>Shawn, E. (2013, March 11). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/03/11/cincinnati-poll-worker-charged-with-voting-half-dozen-times-in-november Cincinnati poll worker charged with voting half dozen times in November]. FOX News.</ref>
====2012 OH Tea Party obeservers blocked from poll monitoring====
Ohio's Franklin County blocked a [[Tea Party]] group, True the [[Vote]], from monitoring polling places.<ref>Flock, E. (2012, November 6). [https://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/washington-whispers/2012/11/06/true-the-vote-barred-from-operating-in-franklin-county-ohio True The Vote Barred From Operating In Franklin County, Ohio]. FOX News.</ref>

====2012 OH GOP candidates pressured by DNC to withdraw as poll observers====
The Ohio Democratic Party pressured Ohio candidates to withdraw as poll observers.<ref>Gamboa, S., Lush, T., et. al. (2012, November 6). [https://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/politics/july-dec12/pollproblems_11-06.html Poll Problems Cropping Up in Spots Around US]. PBS NewsHour.</ref>

===2012 Pennsylvania===
====2012 GOP polling observers blocked====
In the [[2012 presidential election]], [[Republican]] polling inspectors were blocked from polling places in the Democrat-ruled city. Rob Gleason, chairman of the [[Pennsylvania]] Republican Party, stated, "This was a shameless attempt from the Obama campaign to suppress our legally appointed Republican poll watchers."<ref>Curry, C. & De Vogue, A. (2012, November 6). [https://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/jersey-extends-email-voting-friday-election-workers-inundated/story?id=17653589&page=2 N.J. Extends Email Voting to Friday, Other States Hurry to Fix Polling Problems]. ABC News.</ref> [[Barack Obama]] received 100% of the vote in 59 Philadelphia precincts with zero votes for [[Mitt Romney]].<ref>[http://www.philly.com/philly/news/politics/20121112_In_59_Philadelphia_voting_wards__Mitt_Romney_got_zero_votes.html?mobi=true]</ref>

====Obama Mural At Poll====
In Philadelphia, a mural of Obama at a polling place was covered up after a Republican voter took a picture of it.<ref>Miller, J.R., Berger, J., & Weber, J. (2012, November 6). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2012/11/06/judge-issuing-order-to-reinstate-booted-philadelphia-election-officials Philly poll workers partially cover Obama mural after court order, leaving logo and quote in view]. FOX News.</ref>
===2012 Massachusetts===
====State Rep. Guilty of Forging Absentee Ballots====
A state representative for the Democratic Party, Stephen Smith of Everett, [[Massachusetts]], resigned in December for forging absentee ballots.<ref>(2012, December 20). [http://livewire.talkingpointsmemo.com/entry/mass-democrat-admits-absentee-voter-fraud Mass. Democrat Admits Absentee Voter Fraud]. TPM.</ref> According to the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]], "For those absentee ballots issued to unaware voters, one or more government officials assisted Smith in intercepting the ballots prior to their delivery to the voters’ addresses, and those ballots were cast for the unaware voters."<ref>(2012, December 20). [http://www.fbi.gov/boston/press-releases/2012/massachusetts-state-representative-stephen-smith-agrees-to-plead-guilty-to-voter-fraud-charges Massachusetts State Representative Stephen Smith Agrees to Plead Guilty to Voter Fraud Charges]. FBI. Boston Division.</ref>
===Result===
Obama won narrowly in 3 states with Democrat-influenced voter scandals, which combined equaled 67 electoral votes. If not for those states Obama wouldn't have won.

*Florida: 50.0% to 49.1%, 29 Electoral Votes
*Ohio: 50.1% to 48.2%, 18 Electoral Votes
*Pennsylvania: 52.0% to 46.8%, 20 Electoral Votes

Obama had 332 electoral votes, [[Mitt Romney|Romney]] 206. If those 3 states were overturned (-67 to Obama, +67 to Romney), Romney would lead instead by 273 to 265.<ref>[https://www.politico.com/2012-election/map/#/President/2012/ 2012 Presidential Election]. Politico.</ref>

==2010==
===2010 California Attorney General===
*[[Kamala Harris]] was declared the winner after three weeks by 74,000 with 9.6 million votes cast, or by a margin of about 7/10 of one percent.

===2010 Nevada Senate===
Despite low approval ratings and a strong challenge amid suspicions of voting irregularities, Democrat Majority Leader Harry Reid was declared the winner. Some voters complained that their ballot had been cast before they went to the polls, raising questions about Clark County’s electronic voting machines. Others claimed electronic voting machines switched straight-party ballots from Republican to Democrat.<ref>http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/early-voting-irregularities-create-suspicion-of-fraud/</ref>

==2009==
===2009 New York===
====NYC Officials Plead Guilty of Forging Absentee Ballots====
Democratic voter fraud in New York City led to multiple guilty pleas from Democratic election officials.
{{cquote|"Former Troy Democratic City Clerk William McInerney, Democratic Councilman [[John Brown]], and Democratic political operatives Anthony Renna and Anthony DeFiglio have entered guilty pleas in the case, in which numerous signatures were allegedly forged on absentee ballots in the 2009 Working Families Party primary, the political party that was associated with the now-defunct community group, [[ACORN]]."<ref>Huston, W.T. [http://www.truethevote.org/news/eighth-democrat-named-in-new-york-vote-fraud-probe Eighth Democrat Named in New York Vote Fraud Probe]. True the Vote.</ref>}}

==2008==
[[File:ACORN VOTER FRAUD.JPG|right|275px|thumb|Key: States in red where ACORN has been investigated for voter fraud.]]
:''See also:[[Essay:Evidence for Electoral Fraud in the 2008 Presidential Election|Evidence for Electoral Fraud in the 2008 Presidential Election]]''
===2008 ACORN===
When [[ACORN]] was questioned regarding their tactics, they reply with an attack of their own, [[voter suppression]]. Teresa James, an attorney for ACORN affiliate Project Vote says, "they don't have the resources," to catch all fraud. However, ACORN has the money to air commercials nationwide. In it, blaming racism and vote suppression, not ACORN.<ref>[http://www.cleveland.com/plaindealer/stories/index.ssf?/base/cuyahoga/122345478771640.xml&coll=2 Voter-registration can't be totally fraud-free, group says], [[The Plain Dealer]], October 08, 2008</ref>

It was believed that ACORN has helped register over 1.27 million people nationwide. Michael Slater, executive director of Project Vote, told the [[New York Times]] that the real number of newly registered [[voters]] is closer to 450,000. About 400,000 registrations were rejected by election officials for a variety of reasons including fraud.<ref>[https://www.newsmax.com/insidecover/acorn_numbers_exaggerated/2008/10/24/143773.html ACORN Numbers Vastly Exaggerated] NewsMax, October 24, 2008</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/24/us/politics/24acorn.html Group’s Tally of New Voters Was Vastly Overstated], [[The New York Times]], October 24, 2008</ref>

* [[Nevada]] officials raided ACORN's [[Las Vegas]] office after election authorities accused the group of submitting multiple voter registrations with fake and duplicate names. Among the bogus monikers: names of former [[Dallas Cowboys]] players.

* Lake County, Ind., election officials this month rejected thousands of registration forms ACORN had turned in from its drives. On a conference call yesterday, [[GOP]] officials noted that up to 11,000 of the applications were no good - tying up election officials and jeopardizing the voting rights of untold victims whose identities may have been stolen. At least 2,100 of the applications turned in were rejected.<ref>[http://www.capitalresearch.org/blog/?p=1443 A Perfect Score for ACORN in Indiana!]</ref>

* ACORN vote canvassers had pulled names and addresses from phone books and forged signatures. According to a local paper (the Northwest [[Indiana]] and Illinois Times), "Large numbers of voter registration forms bore signatures all in the same apparent handwriting style" and "apparently the organization's canvassers broke rules to meet ACORN-set voter registration quotas to get paid." The fake registrants include dead people and underage kids. Also, there were 5000 more voter registrations in Indiana than voters.

* [[Milwaukee]], Wisc., officials discovered at least seven felons employed as voter-registration workers for ACORN and another affiliated group. (State law bans felons from such work.) They also uncovered a raft of problematic voter-registration cards. The state GOP accuses the group of trying to get dead, imprisoned or imaginary people on the voter rolls. Fraud has plagued ACORN's Milwaukee chapter since the last election cycle. 26 ACORN workers are facing criminal investigations.

* In [[Florida]], in Orange County alone, ACORN workers turned in multiple, copycat forms for six separate voters over the summer. The Miami Herald reports: "One individual had 21 duplicate applications."

* In Ohio, large numbers of homeless people got free van and bus rides to register. Shelby Holliday, a reporter for Palestra.net, filmed ACORN shuttling in some prospects. Homeless including felons were registered with an undocumented temporary address.<ref>[http://www.nypost.com/seven/10082008/postopinion/opedcolumnists/the_pro_barack_vote_fraud_drive_132618.htm?page=0 THE PRO-BARACK VOTE-FRAUD DRIVE], [[New York Post]], October 8, 2008</ref> Also, Christopher Barkley claimed that they were hounded by the community-activist group ACORN to register to vote several times, even though they made it clear they'd already signed up. He had registered to vote "10 to 15" times after canvassers for ACORN relentlessly pursued him and others. A subpoenaed voter of Cuyahoga County, Freddie Johnson, 19, filled out registration cards 72 times over 18 months<ref>[http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/2101201/posts NUTS! HOW ACORN GOT ME INTO VOTE SCAM], [[New York Post]]</ref> On October 14, 2008, the Buckeye Institute filed a RICO suit against ACORN for vote fraud.<ref>[http://www.capitalresearch.org/blog/?p=1502 ACORN Faces "RICO" Lawsuit in Ohio]</ref>

* In [[Pennsylvania]], The Allegheny County district attorney said Thursday that criminal charges could result from nearly 100 fraudulent voter registrations submitted in the Pittsburgh area.<ref>[http://obamaacorn.com/acorn-may-face-new-charges-in-pa-update-video-added-hotair/ ACORN may face new charges in PA] ObamaAcorn.com, October 10, 2008</ref>

* In [[Michigan]], Oakland County election officials found more than 33,000 duplicate registrations, about two-thirds of new applications since August and ACORN canvassers submitted most of those applications.<ref>[https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/oct/10/obama-camp-downplays-ACORN-payments/?page=2 Obama camp downplays ACORN payments], [[Washington Times]], October 10, 2008</ref>

* Evidence has surfaced that ACORN and Barack Obama are intimately linked. The article, “Case Study: Chicago-The Barack Obama Campaign,” which appeared in the Winter 2003-Spring 2004 issue of Social Policy magazine, was written by ACORN organizer Toni Foulkes.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081023000508/http://www.capitalresearch.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/chicago-the-barack-obama-campaign.pdf Case Study: Chicago - The Barack Obama Campaign]</ref>

*The [[New York Times]] admitted in May 2009, that prior to the presidential election it killed a story involving corruption allegations with Acorn that might have hurt the Obama presidential campaign. The admission came from a column by Clark Hoyt, where he describe the allegations against the Obama campaign and Acorn as "nonsense." <ref>[http://spectator.org/blog/2009/05/18/new-york-times-finally-admits New York Times Finally Admits It Spiked Obama/ACORN Corruption Story], [[American Spectator]] May 18, 2009</ref>

===2008 Minnesota===
[[File:alfrankendiapers.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Sen. Al Franken.]]
Marc Elias represented [[Al Franken]] in [[Minnesota]]. The recount may have been decided by convicted [[felon]]s who voted illegally. A study conducted by Minnesota Majority watchdog group found that at least 341 convicted felons in largely Democratic [[Minneapolis]]-[[St. Paul (City)|St. Paul]] voted illegally in the 2008 Senate race. The felons were registered by [[ACORN]].

The final recount determined six months after the election showed Franken beat Coleman by 312 votes -- '''''fewer votes than the number of felons whose illegal ballots were counted''''' which matched publicly available conviction lists with voting records. Even though it could be determined that felons illegally voted, there was no way to determine ''how'' they voted with a secret ballot. Once their votes were mixed in with the total, there is no way to separate them out. The same loophole can be used for non-citizens' voting. This is what is meant by the slogan, "Count every vote."

The watchdog group took the voting lists and matched them with conviction lists, then went to the voting roster lists, where voters sign in before voting, and matched them.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2010/07/12/felons-voting-illegally-franken-minnesota-study-finds/ Felons Voting Illegally May Have Put Franken Over the Top in Minnesota, Study Finds]</ref>

[[Ann Coulter]] said,
{{quotebox|"He stole the 2008 election in Minnesota, going from a thousand votes down the day after the election to 300 votes up a few months later, after vast numbers of Franken votes kept being discovered in heavily Democratic districts. As economist [[John Lott]] pointed out at the time, the magically appearing votes for Franken were a statistical impossibility."<ref>http://www.anncoulter.com/columns/2013-10-30.html</ref>}}

===2008 Philadelphia===
The city of Philadelphia has a majority of voters affiliated with the [[Democrat Party]]. As of November, 2008, there are 1,126,768 registered voters in Philadelphia. Of those, 880,684 are registered with the Democrat Party, and 147,074 are registered with the [[Republican Party]].<ref>http://www.dos.state.pa.us/elections/cwp/view.asp?A=1310&Q=446974</ref> Despite overwhelming evidence of [[voter suppression]] by [[New Black Panther Party]] members Minister King Samir Shabazz, Malik Zulu Sha-Bazz, and Jerry Jackson at a Philadelphia polling office, they were acquitted with minimal charges by the [[U.S. Department of Justice]], then under [[Attorney General]] [[Eric Holder]]. Holder, when questioned about his rationale, said he didn't want to prosecute "my people" (thus implying that he holds bias against white voters and for minorities, and that attempts to bring justice to people who violated the [[Voting Rights Act]] is comparable to what happened to Blacks in Charleston during the Civil Rights era).<ref>http://www.examiner.com/article/eric-holder-focus-on-black-panther-voter-intimidation-case-demeans-my-people</ref>

==2006==
===2006 DSCC scandal===

During the 2006 U.S. Senate election', the [[Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee]] illegally obtained a copy of the credit report of the Lieutenant Governor of Maryland, [[Michael S. Steele]], a Republican senatorial candidate, posing as him and using his social security number.

==2004==
===John Kerry===
In 2007 the Federal Election Commission fined the Kerry campaign $1.3 million for spending more than federal rules allow during his 2004 Presidential bid. In order to receive public funds, Kerry, a former Democrat senator from Massachusetts, and his running mate, former North Carolina Sen. [[John Edwards]], agreed to spend $74.6 million or less on their general election campaign against President Bush.<ref>https://www.politico.com/news/stories/0507/4269.html</ref><ref>[https://www.fec.gov/agenda/2007/mtgdoc07-37.pdf Agenda Document No. 07-37], Federal Election Commission, Washington, D.C., May 21, 2007.</ref> In 2009 the FEC fined a [[George Soros]]-backed group $775,000 for its unregulated spending during the 2004 election on behalf of Democrats, including Democratic Presidential candidate [[John F. Kerry]].<ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/2100-501563_162-3222390.html</ref>

===2004 ACORN===
* The Wall Street Journal noted: “In Ohio in 2004, a worker for one affiliate was given crack cocaine in exchange for fraudulent registrations that included underage voters, dead [[voters]] and pillars of the community named Mary Poppins, Dick Tracy and Jive Turkey. During a [[congressional]] hearing in Ohio in the aftermath of the 2004 election, officials from several counties in the state explained ACORN’s practice of dumping thousands of registration forms in their lap on the submission deadline, even though the forms had been collected months earlier.” Acorn workers have been convicted of fraud in Wisconsin and Colorado.<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB116251922202112150 The Acorn Indictments], [[Wall Street Journal]]</ref>

* In March, [[Philadelphia]] elections officials accused the nonprofit advocacy group of filing fraudulent voter registrations in advance of the April 22nd Pennsylvania primary.

* In July, ACORN settled the largest case of voter fraud in the history of [[Washington]] State. Seven ACORN workers had submitted nearly 2,000 bogus voter registration forms. According to case records, they flipped through phone books for names to use on the forms, including “Leon Spinks,” “Frekkie Magoal” and “Fruto Boy Crispila.” Three ACORN election hoaxers pleaded guilty in October.

* In 2004, ACORN registered illegal immigrant Nuradin Abdi. He was the suspected Ohio shopping mall bomb plotter from Somalia, according to the Columbus Dispatch.<ref>[https://www.newsmax.com/newsfront/minutemen_illegal_voting/2008/10/30/145903.html Minutemen Muster Nationally to Foil Illegal Voting] [[NewsMax]], October 30, 2008</ref>

==2000==
===2000 Florida Recount===
[[Image:Goregaia.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Gore, an environmental cultist, pursued a hapless attempt to stuff the ballot box during recounts as vengeance against Republicans for the impeachment of Bill Clinton.]]
:{{See also|Bush v. Gore}}
The legacy TV networks, in a rush to be the first to present results, made false calls in Florida. Each network used the same exit poll data, which contained a small math error for Florida. The networks first called Florida for Gore, then for Bush. They should have said it was too close to call. Worse (and some believe, deliberately), the networks called Florida after the polls closed in the Eastern Time Zone part of the state (which is heavily Democrat-leaning) but while they were still open in the Central Time Zone part (the Florida panhandle, which is heavily Republican due to the large military bases located there).

One of the potential keys to Gore losing Florida was the unusual style of paper ballot used in Palm Beach County, a South Florida county which has a large Jewish population and is historically a Democrat stronghold.

The ballot style required voters to choose their choice for President/Vice President by punching paper ballots; however, instead of listing all the candidates on one side, the candidates were listed on alternating sides of the ballot (in larger print to assist the large number of elderly voters; the alternating list gave rise to the "[[butterfly ballot]]" nickname). The top of the line showing "Gore-Lieberman", however, overlapped with the ballot punch hole for the Reform Party ticket of "[[Pat Buchanan]]-Ezola Foster"; notwithstanding a clearly-marked arrow directing voters to the correct punch hole, Buchanan (considered by many a notorious anti-Semite) received an unusually high number of votes in a county with a sizeable Jewish population.

The final official recount in Florida showed Bush the winner by 537 votes. Gore supporters asked the Florida state Supreme Court to again recount votes in some counties where they thought Gore might add votes, but to ignore counties where they thought Bush would gain. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled this strategy illegal, and the result was accepted by Gore, who indeed announced the Florida vote for Bush in his role as Vice President.

The campaigns of both [[Ralph Nader]] on the [[Green Party]] ticket and [[Pat Buchanan]] on the [[Reform Party]] ticket gained some media attention during the campaign. Gore's affiliation with Clinton and the [[racist]] [[DLC]] machine<ref>http://www.blackcommentator.com/46/46_cover.html</ref> caused critics—Green Party progressive candidate [[Ralph Nader]] in particular—to assert that Bush and Gore were too similar, especially on free trade, reductions in social welfare, and the death penalty. "We want to punish the Democrats, we want to hurt them, wound them," Nader's closest advisor said.<ref>Harry G. Levinem "Ralph Nader, Suicide Bomber." ''The Village Voice'' May 3, 2004 at [http://www.villagevoice.com/news/0418,levine,53179,1.html]</ref> With the election so close leftists speculated that they had "caused" the result. Democrats never forgave Nader.

There has also been much speculation on what might have happened if there had been recounts under different rules. A consortium of newspapers did an investigation of multiple scenarios. They concluded Gore would have won in some versions and Bush in other versions; ironically, Bush would have won under the recounts that Gore had proposed. In a rare situation in Presidential elections, Al Gore lost his home state of [[Tennessee]] to George Bush. Had he carried that state, the whole question of how Florida voted would have been moot.

====Equal protection violations====
:{{See also|Bush v. Gore}}
The recount standard was done differently from county to county and sometimes from counting team to counting team.<ref>Strauss, David. ''The Vote: Bush, Gore, & the Supreme Court''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</ref> The Supreme court overturned that plan 7 to 2, and then in a 5 to 4 decision ruled that the time to find additional recounts method had passed. In effect, this solidified the results as they had been recorded, allowing George W. Bush to claim victory and enter the [[President of the United States of America|Presidency]].

In an unsigned per curiam decision, the court explained that state legislative power to choose electors, as conferred by the Constitution, can be taken by state legislatures at any time:<ref>https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/00-949.ZPC.html</ref>
{{cquote|The State, of course, after granting the franchise in the special context of Article II, can take back the power to appoint electors. See id., at 35 (“[T]here is no doubt of the right of the legislature to resume the power at any time, for it can neither be taken away nor abdicated”) (quoting S. Rep. No. 395, 43d Cong., 1st Sess.).}}
Independent news agencies later did their own recounts, trying to simulate how the Florida court might have done it. They found that under most scenarios, the recounts would have favored Bush, but that the court could have manipulated the process to declare Gore the winner.<ref>Kaus, Mickey. "Everything the New York Times Thinks About the Florida Recount Is Wrong!". Slate. 13 November 2001. [http://www.slate.com/?id=2058603 http://www.slate.com/?id=2058603]. Accessed 10 November 2009.</ref>

==1996==
===Stuffing the ballot box with illegal votes===

In his new book, Sellout: ''The Inside Story of President Clinton’s Impeachment'', David P. Schippers, former Chief Counsel for the House Judiciary Committee, details his investigation of abuses surrounding the Citizenship USA program.<ref>https://cis.org/Report/Injustice-All-Excerpt-Sellout-Inside-Story-President-Clintons-Impeachment</ref> Schippers and staff focused on the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), which appeared to be running out of control. Investigations by the [[General Accounting Office]] (GAO) and congressional committees indicated that the White House used the INS to further its political agenda. A blatant politicization of the agency took place during the 1996 presidential campaign when the White House pressured the INS into expediting its "Citizenship USA" (CUSA) program to grant citizenship to thousands of aliens that the White House counted as likely Democratic voters. To ensure maximum impact, the INS concentrated on aliens in key states — California, Florida, Illinois, New York, New Jersey, and Texas — that hold a combined 181 electoral votes, just 89 short of the total needed to win the election.

The program was placed under the direction of Vice President Al Gore. The Judiciary Committee staff received from the GAO a few e-mails indicating Gore’s role in the plan. He was responsible for keeping the pressure on, to make sure the aliens were pushed through by September 1, 1996 the last day to register for the presidential election. Schipper's investigation uncovered a case study evidencing what is known as "Chicago Politics." The Democrats circumvented normal procedures for the naturalization process — procedures that check backgrounds and weed out criminals — and consequently they were handing out citizenship papers to questionable characters.

The possibility of using CUSA apparently occurred to the White House in February 1996, when [[Henry Cisneros]], then [[Secretary of Housing and Urban Development]], forwarded a memo to President Clinton. The memo, from the California Active Citizenship Campaign (ACC), complained of a backlog of alien applications for naturalization in Los Angeles. It contained the magic words: "INS inaction [on the backlog] will deny 300,000 Latinos the right to vote in the 1996 presidential elections [sic] in California."

The memo outlined the services that the Industrial Areas Foundation (IAF) in Los Angeles could provide. The IAF offered thousands of volunteers to help process voter applications, register thousands of new voters, conduct 5,000 house meetings, encourage voting by mail, and get more than 50,000 occasional voters out to vote in the presidential election. Most interesting were the promises that the IAF would "create voter interest around issues of Affirmative Action and Minimum Wage, . . . influence 300,000 voters in the preparation for Nov. 1996, . . . produce 5,000 precinct leaders and turn out 96,000 voters for the 1996 presidential election."

Documents show that President Clinton asked Doug Farbrother of the National Performance Review (NPR) staff to look into removing barriers to citizenship not only in Los Angeles but also in San Francisco, Chicago, New York, and Miami — major cities in four swing states. In a memo to the President, Farbrother stated that "we can reduce — but not eliminate -- the risk of controversy over our motives by appointing one of our proven NPR reinventors as Deputy INS Commissioner . . . As part of the official INS management team, our reinventor would have more direct influence and the INS staff would be less likely to go public with complaints than they would over the interference of an outsider." The memo observed that "reinventors" should be put in many other agencies, as well, to replace leaders who "don’t ‘get it.’" Farbrother recommended, "[t]o get anywhere near a million applicants naturalized" by summer’s end, the administration would have "to force some serious ‘reinvention’ on INS."

Farbrother and the NPR won the assignment of getting the INS to process more than a million applicants by the end of the summer. As early as March 1996, GAO documents reveal, he was reporting his efforts, recommendations, and results to Al Gore. Farbrother reported how he had told the INS and the Justice Department to waive "stupid rules," and he told Gore that unless reforms were implemented, the backlog wouldn’t be "processed in time."

As Farbrother noted in a March 22, 1996 e-mail to Gore, he had told INS Deputy Commissioner Chris Sale and Deputy Attorney General [[Jamie Gorelick]] "to delegate broad authority to the managers in" New York, Chicago, Miami, San Francisco, and Los Angeles. But the INS and the Justice Department were not immediately complying with his demands, he said. Keeping the pressure on, Farbrother sent Sale a fax reiterating how important this delegation was in order "to get the results the Vice President wants." In the fax he also commented, "I need you or Doris [Meissner] to sign something like the attached," referring to a memo giving those INS district directors "full authority to waive, suspend, or deviate from DOJ and INS nonstatutory policies, regulations, and procedures provided you operate within the confines of the law."

The White House wanted any applicant for citizenship to be naturalized in time to register for the November 1996 election, so the pressure on the INS was constant. On March 21 Elaine Kamarck in the Vice President’s office sent an e-mail to Farbrother saying: "THE PRESIDENT IS SICK OF THIS AND WANTS ACTION. IF NOTHING MOVES TODAY WE’LL HAVE TO TAKE SOME PRETTY DRASTIC MEASURES." Farbrother responded, "I favor drastic measures." If he couldn’t get what he wanted from the INS, he wrote, he would "call for heavy artillery."

In a March 26, 1996 e-mail to Goret, Farbrother reported that Chris Sale has indeed "delegated hiring authority to the five cities and increased their budgets by 20 percent." But, he wrote, "I still don’t think the city directors have enough freedom to do the job." Two days later Farbrother told Gore by e-mail, "[U]nless we blast INS headquarters loose from their grip on the frontline managers, we are going to have way too many people still waiting for citizenship in November." He added, "I can’t make Doris Meissner delegate broad authority to her field managers. Can you?"

Gore answered, "We’ll explore it. Thanks." By the end of March, INS Commissioner Doris Meissner capitulated. On April 4, 1996, Elaine Kamarck, to prepare Gore for a lunch with Clinton, drafted a memo briefing Gore on the INS progress. In time, Newark, New Jersey, and Houston, Texas, would be added to the list of targeted cities, and in all, more than a million aliens would be naturalized in time to vote in the 1996 election.

The INS district office in Chicago, which Gore had visited in 1996 to check on the registration progress, some of the most flagrant and critical breakdown occurred in fingerprint checks. Federal regulations require that, for an alien to obtain citizenship, his application for naturalization (citizenship) must be accompanied by a complete set of the alien’s fingerprints. The fingerprint cards are then sent to the FBI to determine if the applicant has a criminal or arrest record. The law provides that an application may be denied if the alien has a serious criminal record or if he falsely denies ever having been arrested, even if he was never convicted.

In the INS district offices, the alien applicant for naturalization cannot be scheduled for a personal interview until at least 60 days after the application is submitted. This delay is specifically intended to allow sufficient time for an FBI fingerprint check. If the check reveals an arrest record identification, the arrest report is inserted in the alien’s file prior to the interview. An arrest record does not automatically result in a denial of citizenship, but it alerts an examiner to spend additional time questioning the applicant and to request that he furnish further information.

If there is no criminal arrest record in the file prior to the interview, the examiner will assume that none exists. For that reason, the INS has always considered the FBI fingerprint check to be the only practical way of preventing violent felons, dope peddlers, and the like from obtaining citizenship. Any breakdown in the collecting, checking, and reporting of the fingerprints can cause a breakdown of the entire process. Judiciary investigators discovered that FBI arrest records that were being sent to the Chicago INS office simply were not being inserted into the aliens’ files. As a result, aliens with criminal records were being granted citizenship. Just prior to the 1996 voter registration deadline, a box was discovered in the Chicago INS office containing nearly five thousand FBI arrest reports — reports that had arrived in time but had been ignored.

The White House, the INS, and the Justice Department publicly denied any political motive in the CUSA program to expedite the citizenship procedure. What the United States got is undeniable: more than 75,000 new citizens who had arrest records when they applied; an additional 115,000 citizens whose fingerprints were unclassifiable for various technical reasons and were never resubmitted; and another 61,000 people who were given citizenship with no fingerprints submitted at all.

What we had here was a perfect example of the Clinton-Gore administration’s overarching political philosophy: "The ends justify the means," coupled with "win at any cost." It was a philosophy of governance that, as our investigations into other areas proceeded, we would find repeated again and again.

When the results of the KPMG Peat Marwick audit were made public, the INS and Justice vowed to remedy the situation, root out the felons, and revoke erroneously awarded citizenship. Everyone congratulated the administration for acting so quickly — and then promptly forgot about it.

In June 1998, the Judiciary Committee continued the investigation of CUSA. Interest intensified when they heard that a similar plan was in the works for the 2000 presidential election.

In the course of the investigation, they discovered that FBI arrest records were still missing from the proper files; many were still in boxes. They unearthed that several individuals who had been naturalized illegally were now trying to sponsor their relatives for citizenship. They found sponsors unable to speak a word of English, a condition that should have prevented naturalization. Similarly, they uncovered arrest records or other information that should have been disqualifiers for naturalization. INS agents who had found these irregularities were ordered to ignore them and to revoke citizenship only in cases ordered by the auditors.

Thousands of criminals are now citizens of the United States because it was assumed they would vote for Bill Clinton and Al Gore.

===Chinagate 2.0===
{{See also|Chinagate fundraising scandal}}
The Chinagate was a campaign finance controversy in which the Clintons illegally took money from foreign governments and military establishments. Like the Nixon administration, however, it was impossible to get the government to investigate itself, at least to any acceptable or just conclusion before the Clintons term of office was up.

Agents of China sought to give contributions to the Democratic National Committee (DNC) before the [[United States presidential election, 1996|1996 presidential campaign]] in violation of US law barring non-American citizens from donating money to American politicians and political parties.<ref>Woodward, Bob and Duffy, Brian, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/campfin/stories/china1.htm "Chinese Embassy Role In Contributions Probed"], ''Washington Post'', February 13, 1997.</ref>

An unclassified [[United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs|U.S. Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs]] report issued in 1998 stated that both James Riady and his father Mochtar "had a long-term relationship with a Chinese intelligence agency." According to journalist [[Bob Woodward]], details of the relationship came from highly classified intelligence information supplied to the committee by both the CIA and [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]].<ref name="washingtonpost.com">Woodward, Bob, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/campfin/stories/cf021098.htm "Findings Link Clinton Allies to Chinese Intelligence"], ''Washington Post'', Feb. 10, 1998.</ref>
[[File:MOCTAR.JPG|right|300px|thumb|Hillary Clinton with Mochtar Riady at a fundraiser during the [[Chinagate]] scandal. Mochtar Riady, along with Bill Clinton's financial godfather Jackson Stephens, brought the [[BCCI]] to America, a front for international dope dealers and arms traffickers.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=hk7XCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT61&lpg=PT61&dq=mochtar+riady+bcci&source=bl&ots=58F2SxmNWF&sig=ZV6dddrtUdo7dmmCfjVhgQZOuLE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpwvS7mvDTAhVH9mMKHc_MC5QQ6AEINzAG#v=onepage&q=mochtar%20riady%20bcci&f=false]</ref>]]
The relationship between John Huang, the Riady Family, and the Clintons, goes back to the late 1970s in Little Rock, Arkansas. The patriarch of the family, Mochtar Riady, is an [[Indonesia]]n of [[Chinese]] descent who built up the Lippo Group empire. In the mid-1970s, Mochtar Riady planned to expand his business into the United States and began looking for partners. He met the Stephens family of Arkansas and entered into various joint ventures with Stephens Inc.

The Stephens family were in fact the original owners of the American branch of the notorious [[Bank of Credit and Commerce International]] (BCCI) in a joint venture with the Riady's in the late 1970s and 1980s.<ref>mlhttps://fas.org/irp/congress/1992_rpt/bcci/06early.htm</ref> It was shut down in the early 1990s in an enormous worldwide criminal money laundering scandal.

In Little Rock the Riadys met then-Governor Bill Clinton and financially supported Clinton's gubernatorial campaigns throughout the 1980s.

After Riady pledged $1 million in support of then-Governor Clinton's campaign for the presidency 1992, contributions made by Huang had been reimbursed with funds wired from a foreign Lippo Group entity into an account Riady maintained at Lippo Bank and then distributed to Huang in cash. Also, contributions made by Lippo Group entities operating in the United States were reimbursed with wire transfers from foreign Lippo Group entities.<ref name="James Riady Pleads Guilty">[http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/2001/January/017crm.htm "James Riady Pleads Guilty"], Department of Justice, press release, January 11, 2001.</ref><ref name="cnn.com">[https://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1999/08/12/huang.sentence/ "Former Democratic fund-raiser John Huang pleads guilty"], ''CNN.com'', Aug. 12, 1999.</ref>

Huang visited the White House 78 times while working as a DNC fund-raiser.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1997/gen/resources/infocus/fundraising.flap/time9610.html "The Democratic Fund-Raising Flap: Timeline"], ''CNN.com'', July 1, 1997.</ref> James Riady visited the White House 20 times including 6 personal visits with President Clinton.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1997/gen/resources/infocus/fundraising.flap/characters.html "The Democratic Fund-Raising Flap: Cast of Characters"], ''CNN.com'', July 1, 1997.</ref> As a key fund-raiser he raised $3.4 million for the party.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/campfin/players/huang.htm "Campaign Finance Key Player: John Huang"], ''Washington Post'', July 27, 1997.</ref>

Immediately prior to joining the DNC, Huang worked in the Clintons' [[Commerce Department]] as deputy assistant secretary for international economic affairs giving him access to classified intelligence on China.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/US/9905/25/cox.report.highlights/ "Highlights of U.S. report on alleged China spying"], ''CNN.com'', May 25, 1999.</ref>

Under questioning by Sen. Don Nickles during congressional investigations Clinton private investigator Terry Lenzner identified [[Cody Shearer]] as a liaison between Lenzner's firm, Investigative Group International, and the Cheyenne-Arapaho tribe. The tribe had donated more than $100,000 to the Democratic Party hoping that the Clinton administration would intervene on the tribes behalf in a dispute over drilling rights on tribal land. Lenzner's firm had been hired by the Clintons to discredit Paula Jones, Kathleen Willey, Monica Lewinsky and others, and had been retained to uncover compromising links between Sen. Don Nickles-opposed the tribe's claims—and local oil interests.<ref>https://www.weeklystandard.com/the-other-secret-dossier/article/2011477</ref>

==1992==
According to [[Wikipedia]], [[Bill Clinton]] engaged in [[voter suppression]] by appearing at several [[Massachusetts]] polling locations, which caused voters hours of delay and inhibited traffic.<ref>http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/2016/03/01/did-bill-clinton-violate-election-rules-venturing-into-polling-location/PH4FIH9jCKYKf6Fzyvfz2N/story.html</ref> Clinton was allegedly electioneering within 150 feet of the polling locations, which is also illegal according to Massachusetts state law.<ref>http://www.medfordma.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/ELECTIONSummary.pdf</ref>

===Chinagate 1.0===
An unclassified [[United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs|U.S. Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs]] report issued in 1998 stated that both James Riady and his father Mochtar "had a long-term relationship with a Chinese intelligence agency." According to journalist [[Bob Woodward]], details of the relationship came from highly classified intelligence information supplied to the committee by both the CIA and [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]].<ref name="washingtonpost.com"/>

The relationship between John Huang, the Riady Family, and the Clintons, goes back to the late 1970s in Little Rock, Arkansas. The patriarch of the family, Mochtar Riady, is an [[Indonesia]]n of [[Chinese]] descent who built up the Lippo Group empire. In the mid-1970s, Mochtar Riady planned to expand his business into the United States and began looking for partners. He met the Stephens family of Arkansas headed by Witt Stephens<ref>http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=1773</ref> and entered into various joint ventures with Stephens Inc.

In Little Rock the Riadys met then-Governor [[Bill Clinton]] and financially supported Clinton's gubernatorial campaigns throughout the 1980s.

It was through the Lippo-Stephens partnership that James Riady came to Arkansas to assist with their joint venture, [[Worthen Banking Corporation]].<ref>Simultaneously with the Rose Law Firms's shredding of documents related to Whitewater and the death of Vince Foster, the Worthern Bank suffered a fire destroying all its documents relating to loans made to the Clinton's and their election campaigns. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1994/04/23/whitewater-weirdness/2422e03b-eb40-4816-936d-86ccc50f6a6c/</ref>

Other corrupt individuals involved include Charlie Trie,<ref>[https://abcnews.go.com/International/fbi-arrests-chinese-millionaire-tied-clinton-scandal/story?id=33990683, FBI Arrests Chinese Millionaire Once Tied to Clinton $$ Scandal], [[ABC News]]</ref> Johnny Chung,<ref>[https://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/new-clinton-scandal-mirrors-chinagate-say-analysts New Clinton Scandal Mirrors 'Chinagate,' Say Analysts], [[CNSNews]]</ref> and Wang Jun.<ref>[https://www.wnd.com/1999/05/7050/ Chinagate's smoking gun], [[WND]]</ref>

Following James Riady was John Huang. Shortly after Riady pledged $1 million in support of then-Governor Clinton's campaign for the presidency 1992, contributions made by Huang had been reimbursed with funds wired from a foreign Lippo Group entity into an account Riady maintained at Lippo Bank and then distributed to Huang in cash. Also, contributions made by Lippo Group entities operating in the United States were reimbursed with wire transfers from foreign Lippo Group entities.<ref name="James Riady Pleads Guilty"/><ref name="cnn.com"/>

One of the world's wealthiest people,[28] Ng Lap Seng, a billionaire [[real estate]] developer from [[Macau]], also is among the offshore owners in the leaked [[Panama Papers]] documents.

Ng was on friendly terms with Bill Clinton when he was president, visiting the [[White House]] ten times between 1994 and 1996.[31] Using a [[proxy]], Ng [[illegal]]ly contributed $1 million to the [[Democratic National Committee]] and the Clinton-Gore campaign of 1996; his proxy was arrested, but Ng escaped criminal charges.[31]

==1976==
===1976 election fraud in Pennsylvania and Ohio===
:{{See also|United States presidential election, 1976}}
[[Jimmy Carter]] won Ohio by 11,000 votes and carried its 25 electoral votes. [[Gerald Ford]] performed poorest in [[Cleveland]] and Cuyahoga county. No fewer than 3 Democrats appeared on the ballot as third party candidates. Third party [[leftist]]s received votes as follows: [[Eugene McCarthy]] 58,258, [[Lester Maddox]] 15,529, [[Gus Hall]] 7,817, and [[Lyndon LaRouche]] 4,335.

Carter won Pennsylvania and its 27 electoral votes. Carter won Allegheny county by 23,000 votes.

[[File:John Kennedy texas.png|right|300px|thumb|John Kennedy was elected using the same Southern Strategy FDR did by putting a Texan on the ticket.<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23535517?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents John F. Kennedy's Southern Strategy, 1956-1960], Guy Paul Land, ''The North Carolina Historical Review'', Vol. 56, No. 1 (January, 1979), pp. 41-63.</ref>]]
==1960==
===1960 election fraud in Texas and Illinois===
:{{See also|United States presidential election, 1960}}
Voter fraud in Democrat vice presidential candidate Lyndon Johnson's home state of [[Texas]] and in the corrupt Cook County, Illinois Democrat machine of mayor [[Richard J. Daley]] swung the presidential election to [[John F. Kennedy]]. The final margin in the popular vote was fewer than one vote per precinct in American. Republican presidential candidate [[Richard Nixon]] did not possess a lust for personal power at the expense of creating further divisions among the American people in what was already the closest election in history, and chose not to contest the results.

==1958==
[[File:Lawrence Brooks Hays portrait.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Rep. Brooks Hays was denied re-election by election fraud tactics.]]
===1958 U.S. House election in Arkansas' 5th district===
[[L. Brooks Hays]], a [[segregation]]ist though racial moderate from [[Arkansas]], ran for re-election in the [[1958 Midterm Elections|1958 midterms]]. After refusing to take either side in the Little Rock crisis, the more staunchly segregationist [[Dale Alford]], a Little Rock opthamologist, challenged him in the general election as a nominal [[Independent voters|Independent]] running on Democrat credentials.<ref name=brookshaysbio>Day, John Kyle. [https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/lawrence-brooks-hays-506/ Lawrence Brooks Hays (1898–1981)]. ''Encyclopedia of Arkansas''. Retrieved October 10, 2021.</ref> Alford's write-in campaign ultimately denied Hays re-election by a narrow margin.<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=126042 AR District 5 Race - Nov 04, 1958]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved October 10, 2021.</ref>

According to the Encyclopedia of Arkansas:<ref name=brookshaysbio/>
{{cquote|Alford used legally questionable stickers attached to ballots, as well as other irregularities, to achieve this major upset.}}

==1952==
===Kefauver v. Stevenson===
[[Tennessee]] Sen. [[Estes Kefauver]] won twelve of the then fifteen presidential party primaries, but the nomination went to the choice of the party bosses, [[Illinois]] Gov. [[Adlai Stevenson]]. These bosses including President [[Harry Truman]], strongly disliked Kefauver; his investigations of organized crime had revealed connections between [[Mafia]] figures and many of the big-city Democratic political machines. The party bosses thus viewed Kefauver as a maverick who could not be trusted, and they refused to support him for the nomination.<ref name="McKeever, p. 186">(McKeever, p. 186)</ref>

==1948==
[[File:LBJ by Shoumatoff.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Lyndon Johnson]]
===1948 Texas Senate===
In 1948, [[Lyndon Johnson]], an obscure congressman opposed to [[President Harry Truman]]’s civil rights program and was a supporter of what he called “the anti-Communist Taft- Hartley labor bill,” was running for the Democratic Senate nomination in [[Texas]]. In those days obtaining the Democratic nomination was tantamount to winning the general election.

Johnson ran against the [[Dixiecrat]] governor [[Coke Stevenson]] and several others. When the returns were in, the popular Stevenson had 71,000 more votes than Johnson but he lacked a majority in the crowded field. This necessitated a runoff. In the runoff Johnson again trailed Stevenson.

[[George Parr]], the Democratic boss of Duval County, Texas ruled three counties in southeast Texas — Duval, Jim Wells, and Zapata. This oil-rich brush country was an area inhabited largely by Mexican-Americans. Parr paid their poll taxes, got them jobs, was generous with gifts to their sick and needy, and used them to vote. Parr collected payoffs from construction companies, brothels, moonshine and gambling businesses. In 1936, he went to prison for income tax evasion.

Parr only appeared in public surrounded by tough looking goons. It literally was suicide to oppose him. ''The New York Times'' reported, “Only Federal agents and Texas rangers ever successfully questioned his authority. Others who did took their lives in their hands. At least two men were shot to death by deputy sheriffs loyal to Parr.” Other brutal deaths were associated with him.

Parr favored Johnson in the 1948 runoff. Days after the polls had closed, a “correction” of the vote came in from Precinct 13 in the hamlet of Alice in Jim Wells County on the Mexican border. The “correction” gave Johnson 202 votes which local election officials claimed they had somehow previously overlooked. But it was enough to give Johnson the Democratic nomination by eighty-seven votes.

Coke Stevenson told reporters “I was beaten by a stuffed ballot box. And I can prove it.”

Parr laughed and called Stevenson a poor loser. “In previous elections the district has gone for Stevenson with as much enthusiasm as it has gone against him in this year’s Senate election. I never heard a complaint from him then about the bloc vote in Duval County,” Parr noted.
Charging fraud, the governor appealed to the federal court for redress. His lawyers produced evidence clearly demonstrating that “voters” from the graveyard and from across the border in Mexico had been recorded for Johnson. The lawyers also produced a couple of courageous Chicanos who testified that Parr had voted their names without their knowledge.

After hearing all the arguments. Judge T. Whitfield Davidson was moved to comment: “There has not one word of evidence been submitted [sic] to disprove this plaintiff’s claim he has been robbed of a seat in the [[United States Senate]].”

At the same time Davidson issued an injunction denying Johnson a place on the ballot.

As a result there was great consternation among leading Democrats in Washington. Not that the liberals or even Truman particularly loved Johnson. If anyone followed a Southern line, it was he. But they preferred Johnson to his outspoken Dixiecrat opponent. Which is precisely what Truman told Johnson when the President barnstormed through Texas late in September 1948.

Meanwhile Washington lawyer [[Abe Fortas]] took charge of the legal maneuvers to save Johnson’s “election.” In this he was assisted by none other than Joe Rauh, an ultra-liberal then most active in the affairs of [[Americans for Democratic Action]].

One day after Judge Davidson reopened his hearing in [[Fort Worth]], Fortas went to see Associate Justice [[Hugo Black]], a [[Ku Klux Klan]]sman-turned-civil libertarian. They spent considerable time discussing Johnson’s election problem.

On September 28, 1948, Black issued an order staying the Davidson injunction. This meant that Johnson’s name could appear on the November ballot. Black’s order declared that the federal courts lacked jurisdiction over state elections. In effect Black had ruled that Johnson would be the next senator from Texas.

Adjourning his court, an angered Judge Davidson denounced the Black order as “unduly hasty and probably unlawful” — which it was. The judge noted, for example, that the Stevenson-Johnson controversy had involved a federal office. Then he pointed out that only four years previously, Justice Black had voted exactly the opposite when the High Court ruled that federal courts could indeed interfere to see that African Americans were not barred from voting in Texas primaries.

The Democrat Senate voted to look into the contested primary. But Senate investigators soon discovered that most of the ballots in Duval, Jim Wells, and Zapata counties had been destroyed. According to George Parr, some illiterate Mexican janitors must have thought they were trash ready to be burned. The Senate probe was over before it began.

Meanwhile Truman was barnstorming Texas in what appeared to be a forlorn pursuit of the presidency. When his train stopped at San Antonio, Parr got aboard to spend a half-hour with the President. Immediately there was speculation that Parr would get a presidential pardon for an old income tax conviction.

Truman, of course, was no stranger to stuffed ballots. In fact he could never have become President if he had not scraped victory out of the 1934 Senate primary in [[Missouri]] with the help of 50,000 fraudulent votes from Tom Pendergast’s [[Kansas City]] machine. And years later when Boss Pendergast died, Truman flew to the funeral.

So pleased was Truman with Parr’s work, shortly after his election, he rewarded Parr with a pardon. And when Parr again was found guilty of income tax evasion, Abe Fortas argued the case all the way to the [[Supreme Court]] and got Parr off on a technical ruling.

Years later a grateful President Lyndon Johnson nominated Abe Fortas as a justice on the Supreme Court.

So exhilarated was Lyndon Johnson on reaching the political mountaintop in 1948 that, according to one biographer, he told this story about his first Senate victory:
{{quotebox-float|Little Manuel was sitting on a curbstone, crying bitter tears. Another Mexican, happening along, asked, “What’s the trouble with you, Manuel?”
“My father was here last Saturday and he did not come to see me.”
“But, Manuel, your father has been dead ten years.”
“That’s true,” Manuel sobbed. “But he was here last Saturday and he voted for Lyndon Johnson, but he did not even come to see me.”<ref>https://archive.org/details/LaskyVictorItDidntStartWithWatergate/page/n133/mode/2up?q=county</ref>}}

[[File:Josiah W. Bailey.jpg|thumb|right|180px|The 1930 election involving Bailey (pictured above) and Pritchard was marred with allegations of fraud.]]
==1930==
===1930 Senate election in North Carolina===
In the 1930 U.S. Senate election in [[North Carolina]], [[Josiah Bailey]] defeated incumbent Democrat insurrectionist Furnifold Simmons in the primaries and, in the general election facing Republican George Pritchard, purportedly won by over 100,000 votes.<ref name="1930 NC Sen">[https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/contested_elections/115Pirchard_Bailey.htm The Election Case of George M. Pritchard v. Josiah W. Bailey of North Carolina (1933)]. ''senate.gov''. Retrieved February 16, 2021.</ref> Pritchard filed a petition on March 3, 1931 to oppose the "official" results, charging that election fraud had given Bailey an unfair advantage. He specifically claimed that every one of the 1,800 voter registrars were tied to the Democratic Party to provide an unfair advantage for Bailey, that Democrat poll judges forced Republican poll watchers to stand from distances too far to observe ballot boxes, that intimidation of voters was present as well as the tampering of ballots.

The U.S. Senate authorized the Privileges and Elections Committee to investigate the election;<ref name="1930 NC Sen"/> Bailey sent a request to dismiss the charges on the basis that he would have been the winner even if there was to be a recount. A subcommittee ultimately ruled the charges against Bailey were too vague and did not warrant the need for either a recount nor a full investigation, and the contest was dismissed by the Senate without a vote. Bailey was subsequently awarded $1,500 for legal expenses, and $4,000 for Pritchard.

==1912==
===Woodrow Wilson===
Thomas J. Farnan observed in ''The National Pulse'':
{{quotebox-float|"the revitalized Democratic Party elected the despicable racist, [[Woodrow Wilson]] – who is still immortalized in Washington D.C. – as president. This victory was secured by suppressing black Republican votes in [[the South]] with literacy tests and the like, while Northern Republicans split their vote between [[Theodore Roosevelt]] and [[William Howard Taft]]. The stolen presidency of Woodrow Wilson had succeeded by 1914 in re-segregating even federal offices. President Wilson would make the pro-[[Ku Klux Klan]] film, ''The Birth of a Nation'', the first White House movie screening, after which he would remark, “It’s like writing history with lightning. My only regret is that it is all so terribly true.”<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/analysis/the-increasingly-secret-history-of-the-racist-democrats-and-how-senile-boomer-biden-heralds-the-end/</ref>}}

==1890==
:{{See also|Jim Crow}}
Beginning in the 1890s, southern states enacted literacy tests, poll taxes, elaborate registration systems, and eventually whites-only Democratic Party primaries to exclude black voters. The laws proved very effective. In Mississippi, fewer than 9,000 of the 147,000 voting-age African Americans were registered after 1890. In Louisiana, where more than 130,000 black voters had been registered in 1896, the number had plummeted to 1,342 by 1904. Poll taxes required citizens to pay a fee to register to vote. These fees kept many poor African Americans, as well as poor whites, from voting.<ref>https://americanhistory.si.edu/brown/history/1-segregated/white-only-1.html</ref>

==1874==
===White League===
{{See also|Stephen B. Packard}}
[[File:Colfax massacre.jpg|right|350px|thumb|This 1873 drawing depicts the aftermath of the Colfax Massacre of April 13, 1873, which left two white men and at least 70 black men dead.<ref>https://billofrightsinstitute.org/essays/the-ku-klux-klan-and-violence-at-the-polls</ref>]]
On election day, November 3, 1874, an [[Alabama]] chapter of the White League repeated actions taken earlier that year in Vicksburg, [[Mississippi]]. They invaded Eufaula AL, killing at least seven black Republicans, injuring at least 70 more, and driving off more than 1,000 unarmed Republicans from the polls.<ref>Mary Ellen Curtin, ''Black Prisoners and Their World, Alabama, 1865-1900,'' University Press of Virginia, 2000, p. 55</ref> The group moved on to Spring Hill AL, where members stormed the polling place, destroying the ballot box, and killing the 16-year-old son of a white Republican judge in their shooting.<ref>Curtin (2000), ''Black Prisoners'', pp. 55-56.</ref>

The White League refused to count any Republican votes cast. But, Republican voters reflected the black majority in the county, as well as white supporters. They outnumbered Democratic voters by a margin greater than two to one. The League declared the Democratic candidates victorious, forced Republican politicians out of office, and seized every county office in Barbour County, Alabama.<ref name="Curtin 2000 p. 56">Curtin (2000), ''Black Prisoners'', p. 56</ref> Such actions were repeated in other parts of the South in the 1870s, as Democrats sought to regain political dominance in states with black majorities and numerous Republican officials. In Barbour County, the Democrats auctioned off as "slaves" (for a maximum cost of $2 per month), or otherwise silenced all Republican witnesses to the events. They were intimidated from testifying to the coup if the case went to federal court.<ref name="Curtin 2000 p. 56"/>

The Coushatta massacre of 1874 was the result of an attack by the White League, a [[paramilitary]] organization composed of Democrats, on Republican officeholders and African Americans in Red River Parish, [[Louisiana]]. They murdered six white Republicans and 20 Blacks who were witnesses.<ref>[http://www.neh.gov/news/humanities/2004-01/reconstruction.html Danielle Alexander, "Forty Acres and a Mule: The Ruined Hope of Reconstruction", ''Humanities'', January/February 2004, Vol.25/No.1. Her article says 20 freedmen were killed.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916095443/http://neh.gov/news/humanities/2004-01/reconstruction.html |date=2008-09-16 }}</ref><ref>Nicholas Lemann, ''Redemption: The Last Battle of the Civil War'', New York, [[Farrar, Straus & Giroux]], 2006, p.76-77. His book says five freedmen were killed.</ref>

The White League had organized to restore [[white supremacy]] by driving Republicans out of Louisiana, disrupting their political organizing, and intimidating or murdering [[freedmen]].<ref>Eric Foner, ''Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877'', New York: Perennial Classics, 2002, p.550</ref> Like the Red Shirts and other "White Line" organizations, they were described as "the military arm of the [[Democratic Party]]."

===Louisiana gubernatorial===
Democrat John McEnery and Republican William Pitt Kellogg both claimed victory. Five thousand members of the White League, made up largely of Confederate veterans, fought against the New Orleans Metropolitan Police and state militia. The insurgents held the statehouse, armory, and downtown for three days, retreating before the elected government was restored.

==See also==
*[[Battle of Athens (1946)]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Election Fraud}}
[[Category:Democratic Party]]
[[Category:Corruption]]

Democrat election fraud

2023-04-05T22:30:22Z

Aidanram0:

{{See also|2020 election fraud}}
[[File:Stalin-140508 27880t.jpg|right|200px|thumb|"It is enough that the people know there was an election. The people who cast the votes decide nothing. The people who count the votes decide everything." - [[Joseph Stalin]]<ref>https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/joseph_stalin_109571</ref>]]
With the rise of the [[Ku Klux Klan]] after passage of the [[13th Amendment|13th]] and [[14th Amendment]]s granting voting right to [[African American]]'s, [[Democrat]]s felt it was their sacred duty to rig elections and engage in all manner of [[voter fraud]],<ref>https://theredelephants.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/try.mp4?_=2</ref> ballot box stuffing, and [[voter suppression]].<ref>https://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/campaign/126295-democrat-part-still-disenfranchising-a-oppressing-votes?rl=1</ref> Indeed, respect for the principle of one-person-one-vote versus a belief that one is entitled to steal elections, remains a defining difference between [[Republican]]s and Democrats.

The following are instances of [[election fraud]] by the [[Democratic Party|Democrat Party]]:
[[File:No-negro-equality-l.jpg|right|300px|thumb|'''No Negro Equality!''' Democratic ticket from Ohio in 1867. [[Allen G. Thurman]] later ran as Democrat [[Grover Cleveland]] running mate.<ref>https://www.jewishpress.com/blogs/sultan-knish/the-racist-origins-of-president-trumps-impeachment/2021/02/22/</ref> Cleveland passed the [[United States Civil Service Commission|Civil Service Act]] which ended the spoils system and returned Democrats to power after their Civil War defeat.]]
==2022==
{{See also|2022 Midterm elections}}

==2020==
[[File:Trump margin of victory before CCP cyber attack and vote switching.PNG|right|350px|thumb|Trump margin of victory (bottomline) in selected battleground states before Chinese vote switching cyber attack.]]
:{{See also|2020 Presidential election|Biden Putsch|Deep Rig|2020 Election fraud timeline}}
As of November 2020 [[Peter Neffenger]] was chairman of the [[corrupt]] [[voter fraud|ballot-stuffing]] and [[election fraud|election-rigging]] [[SmartMatic]] corporation.<ref>https://www.smartmatic.com/us/about/board-of-directors/detail/peter-neffenger/</ref> Neffenger was appointed to Biden's [[junta]] organization team.<ref>https://www.air.tv/watch?v=ir00pXx9QsKbvSdjsCy3nQ</ref>

Dr. Navid Keshavarz-Nia, with 35 years experience performing technical assessment, mathematical modeling, cyber-attack pattern analysis, and
security [[counterintelligence]] linked to foreign intelligence service operators, including [[China]], [[Iran]], [[North Korea]], and [[Russia]] and who has worked as a consultant and subject-matter expert supporting the [[Department of Defense]], [[FBI]] and US [[Intelligence Community]] (USIC) agencies such as the [[DIA]], [[CIA]], [[NSA]], NGA [National Geospatial Agency], and the [[DHS]] I&A [Office of Intelligence and Analysis] supporting counterintelligence, and [[law enforcement]] investigations and whom the ''[[New York Times]]'' describes as the "always the smartest person in the room,<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/09/opinion/sunday/garrison-courtney-spies-contracts.html</ref> testified under oath about Smartmatic and its role in the [[2020 Presidential election]]:
[[File:Electoral Map 11-10-20.png|right|350px|thumb|Electoral Map as of November 10, 2020. Biden 227, Trump 231, 80 uncounted.<ref>https://www.forexlive.com/news/!/decision-desk-trump-won-the-state-of-north-carolina-20201110</ref>]]
{{quotebox-float|"In my expert opinion, the DVS [ [[Dominion Voting Systems]] ] Democracy Suite, [[Scytl]]/SOE Software/eClarity and Smartmatic have not produced auditable results in the 2020 election. It is evident that ballots were not properly validated, system records were not kept, and the system experience considerable instability even several days prior to November 4, 2020 that require DVS to implement software changes at the last minute. In addition, the disparity in data distribution after 4:30 AM on November 4, 2020 indicates significant systemic anomalies that were widespread among all battleground states. The evidence is both extensive and persuasive and indicates large-scale [[fraud]] by remote operators.

"I conclude that a combination of lost cryptographic key contained on stolen USB memory cards, serious exploitable system and [[software]] vulnerabilities and operating system backdoor in DVS, Scytl, SOE Software/eClarity and Smartmatic created the perfect environment to commit widespread fraud in all states where these systems are installed. My analysis of the 2020 Election from ''NY Times'' data shows statistical anomalies across the battleground state votes. These failures are widespread and systemic - and sufficient to invalidate the [[vote]] counts.

"I conclude with high confidence that the election 2020 data were altered in all [[swing states|battleground states]] resulting in a hundreds of thousands of votes that were cast for [[President Trump]] to be transferred to [[Vice President Biden]]. These alterations were the result of systemic and widespread exploitable vulnerabilities in DVS, Scytl/SOE Software and Smartmatic systems that enabled operators to achieve
the desired results. In my view, the evidence is overwhelming and incontrovertible."<ref>https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.mied.350905/gov.uscourts.mied.350905.1.19.pdf</ref>}}
Following election night, counting stopped in five states (or parts of states): Georgia, Michigan, Nevada, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin; all but one with a Democrat governor, and all of which were close or showing a Trump lead. Concerns were raised by conservatives that counting had stopped in urban centers [[Philadelphia]], [[Detroit]], [[Milwaukee]], [[Las Vegas]], [[Atlanta]] and others in order to give the cities time to create sufficient fraudulent votes for Biden in order to win the cities' respective states.<ref name="theredelephants.com">https://theredelephants.com/there-is-undeniable-mathematical-evidence-the-election-is-being-stolen/</ref> [[Facebook]] shut down the #StopTheSteal hashtag group to illegally cover for the fraudsters and stop the whistleblowers from exposing the fraud.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/breaking-facebook-bans-pro-trump-stop-steal-page-gained-350000-followers-since-announced-wednesday/</ref><ref>https://www.defenseone.com/threats/2020/11/misinformation-2020-what-data-tells-us-about-election-related-falsehoods/169820/</ref> The [[GOP]] lost zero races for the [[U.S. House]] and won 8 of 11 governors races.
[[File:Dominion logo.png|right|350px|thumb|Dominion Voting Systems logo: Red ballots in, Blue ballots out.]]
One method to track fraudulent votes is to look closely at how many of the votes did little or no down-ticket voting. When manufacturing votes, it is too time consuming to vote for other officeholders. Statistical analysis showed wild numbers of people who voted only for Joe Biden and didn’t vote further down the ticket:<ref name="twitter.com">https://twitter.com/RaheemKassam/status/1325193658170134531</ref>
*Pennsylvania — 98,000
*Georgia — 80-90,000
*Arizona — 42,000
*Michigan — 69-115,000
*Wisconsin — 62,836
A standard [[voter fraud]] method, [[Benford's Law]], flags these votes as suspect.<ref name="thenationalpulse.com">https://thenationalpulse.com/politics/pennsylvania-vote-anomalies/</ref>

===Scytl===
[[File:Klain rigged elections.jpg|right|350px|thumb|Biden [[chief of staff]] [[Ron Klain]] publicly agrees that elections are rigged.<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2020/11/11/joe-biden-chief-of-staff-ron-klain-2014-yes-american-elections-are-rigged/</ref><ref>https://thefederalist.com/2020/11/12/bidens-pick-for-chief-of-staff-agrees-that-elections-are-rigged/</ref>]]
Days after it was revealed how 2020 US Elections were rigged by Canadian Crown Agent Dominion Voting Systems through a so-called “glitch”, GreatGameIndia found involvement of another dubious foreign company in US Election meddling. The votes cast by Americans were counted by a in [[Spain]] by a [[bankrupt]]ed Spanish company known as [[Scytl]]. Like Dominion Voting Systems, Scytl has a long history of election fraud in various nations including injecting backdoors in its election software. The issue has prompted experts to question why the sensitive job of counting votes was outsourced to a foreign company. How could a bankrupted Spanish company count American votes in Spain.

According to Gen. [[Tom McInerney]], servers were seized in [[Frankfurt, Germany]], where [[fraud]]ulent votes were being cooked up for [[Joe Biden]] during and after the [[2020 presidential election]]. The covert facility where these servers were being housed is run by the [[CIA]], and it is where elections all over the world are monitored and “cooked” to produce predetermined outcomes.<ref>https://nationalfile.com/the-kraken-retired-general-says-us-military-intel-group-nicknamed-kraken-seized-dominion-servers-in-germany/</ref>

Due to such widespread fraud, the Chairman of the US [[Federal Election Commission]] Trey Trainor believes that the 2020 US Presidential Elections is illegitimate.<ref>https://greatgameindia.com/us-election-bankrupted-spanish-scytl/</ref>

===''Texas v. Pennsylvania et al''===
:{{See also|Texas v. Pennsylvania}}
During the 2020 election cycle, changes to the election process in Pennsylvania were made by judges, state office holders and election officials which would never have been made by its state legislature.<ref>https://www.westernjournal.com/twj-exclusive-bombshell-new-legal-memo-giving-trump-supporters-hope-christmas-eve/</ref>

The complaint filed by the State of Texas alleged:<ref>https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/22/22O155/163048/20201208132827887_TX-v-State-ExpedMot%202020-12-07%20FINAL.pdf</ref>
voting irregularities that resulted from Defendant States’ unconstitutional actions include the following:
*Jesse Jacob, a decades-long City of Detroit employee assigned to work in the Elections Department for the 2020 election testified that she was “instructed not to look at any of the signatures on the absentee ballots, and I was instructed not to compare the signature on the absentee ballot with the signature on file” in direct contravention of MCL § 168.765a(6), which requires all signatures on ballots be verified.

*Ethan J. Pease,<ref>https://youtu.be/V9KXAdwjscI</ref> a box truck delivery driver subcontracted to the [[U.S. Postal Service]] (“USPS”) to deliver truckloads of mail-in ballots to the sorting center in Madison, WI, testified that USPS employees were backdating ballots received after November 3, 2020. Further, Pease testified how a senior USPA employee told him on November 4, 2020 that “An order came down from the Wisconsin/Illinois Chapter of the Postal Service that 100,000 ballots” and how the USPSA dispatched employees to “find[] … the ballots.” One hundred thousand ballots “found” after election day far exceeds former Vice President Biden margin of 20,565 votes over President Trump.

*On August 7, 2020, the League of Women Voters of Pennsylvania and others filed a complaint against Secretary Boockvar and other local election officials, seeking “a declaratory judgment that Pennsylvania existing signature verification procedures for mail-in voting” were unlawful for a number of reasons, ''League of Women Voters of Pennsylvania v. Boockvar'', which the Pennsylvania defendants quickly settled resulting in guidance issued on September 11, 2020, stating in relevant part: “The Pennsylvania Election Code does not authorize the county board of elections to set aside returned absentee or mailin ballots based solely on signature analysis by the county board of elections.”

*Acting under a generally worded clause that “Elections shall be free and equal,” a 4-3 majority of Pennsylvania’s Supreme Court in ''Pa. Democratic Party v. Boockvar'' extended the statutory deadline for mail-in ballots from Election Day to three days after Election Day and adopted a presumption that even non-postmarked ballots were presumptively timely. In addition, a great number of ballots were received after the statutory deadline. Because Pennsylvania misled this Court about segregating the late-arriving ballots and instead commingled those ballots, it is now impossible to verify Pennsylvania’s claim about the number of ballots affected.

*Contrary to Pennsylvania election law on providing poll-watchers access to the opening, counting, and recording of absentee ballots, local election officials in Philadelphia and Allegheny Counties decided not to follow 25 PA. STAT. § 3146.8(b).

*Prior to the election, Secretary Boockvar sent an email to local election officials urging them to provide opportunities for various persons—including political parties—to contact voters to “cure” defective mail-in ballots. This process clearly violated several provisions of the state election code. By removing the ballots for examination prior to seven o’clock a.m. on election day, Secretary Boockvar created a system whereby local officials could review ballots without the proper announcements, observation, and security. This entire scheme, which was only followed in Democrat majority counties, was blatantly illegal in that it permitted the illegal removal of ballots from their locked containers prematurely.

*On December 4, 2020, fifteen members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives issued a report to Congressman [[Scott Perry]] stating that “[t]he general election of 2020 in Pennsylvania was fraught with… documented irregularities and improprieties associated with mail-in balloting … [and] that the reliability of the mail-in votes in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is impossible to rely upon.” The report detailed, ''inter alia'', that more than 118,426 mail-in votes either had no mail date, were returned before they were mailed, or returned one day after the mail date. The Report also stated that, based on government reported data, the number of mail-in ballots sent by November 2, 2020 (2.7 million) somehow ballooned by 400,000, to 3.1 million on November 4, 2020, without explanation.

*On March 6, 2020, in ''Democratic Party of Georgia v. Raffensperger'', Georgia’s Secretary of State entered a Compromise Settlement Agreement and Release with the Democratic Party of Georgia (the “Settlement”) to materially change the statutory requirements for reviewing signatures on absentee ballot envelopes to confirm the voter’s identity by making it far more difficult to challenge defective signatures beyond the express mandatory procedures set forth at GA. CODE § 21-2-386(a)(1)(B), which is particularly disturbing because the legislature allowed persons other than the voter to apply for an absentee ballot, which means that the legislature likely was relying heavily on the signature-verification on ballots under GA. CODE § 21-2-386.

*Numerous poll challengers and an Election Department employee whistleblower have testified that the signature verification requirement was ignored in Wayne County in a case currently pending in the Michigan Supreme Court.

*The probability of former Vice President Biden winning the popular vote in the four Defendant States—Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin—independently given President Trump’s early lead in those States as of 3 a.m. on November 4, 2020, is less than one in a quadrillion, or 1 in 1,000,000,000,000,000. For former Vice President Biden to win these four States collectively, the odds of that event happening decrease to less than one in a quadrillion to the fourth power (i.e., 1 in 1,000,000,000,000,0004). See Decl. of Charles J. Cicchetti, Ph.D.

*The same less than one in a quadrillion statistical improbability of Mr. Biden winning the popular vote in the four Defendant States—Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin—independently exists when Mr. Biden’s performance in each of those Defendant States is compared to former Secretary of State Hilary Clinton’s performance in the 2016 general election and President Trump’s performance in the 2016 and 2020 general elections. Again, the statistical improbability of Mr. Biden winning the popular vote in these four States collectively is 1 in 1,000,000,000,000,0005.

*Georgia’s unconstitutional abrogation of the express mandatory procedures for challenging defective signatures on ballots set forth at GA. CODE § 21-2-386(a)(1)(B) resulted in far more ballots with unmatching signatures being counted in the 2020 election than if the statute had been properly applied. The 2016 rejection rate was more than seventeen times greater than in 2020. As a consequence, applying the rejection rate in 2016, which applied the mandatory procedures, to the ballots received in 2020 would result in a net gain for President Trump of 25,587 votes. This would be more than needed to overcome the Biden advantage of 12,670 votes, and Trump would win by 12,917 votes.

*The two Republican members of the Board rescinded their votes to certify the vote in Wayne County, and signed affidavits alleging they were bullied and misled into approving election results and do not believe the votes should be certified until serious irregularities in Detroit votes are resolved.

*The Wayne County Statement of Votes Report lists 174,384 absentee ballots out of 566,694 absentee ballots tabulated (about 30.8%) as counted without a registration number for precincts in the City of Detroit. The number of votes not tied to a registered voter by itself exceeds Vice President Biden’s margin of margin of 146,007 votes by more than 28,377 votes. The extra ballots cast most likely resulted from the phenomenon of Wayne County election workers running the same ballots through a tabulator multiple times, with Republican poll watchers obstructed or denied access, and election officials ignoring poll watchers’ challenges, as documented by numerous declarations.

===2020 Pennsylvania===
[[File:Pennsylvania-740x740.jpg|right|350px|thumb|Vote switching.]]
:{{See also|Pennsylvania election fraud}}
A non-partisan statistical analysis discovered "the number of Biden votes in ten of the outlier counties was 101%± of registered Democratic voters (vs the majority of other PA counties where it was 70%± — an extraordinary statistical difference). That is not logical or reasonably explainable legally. The most likely explanation is that excess votes were added to the Biden total that did not come from voters.“<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/news/stats-reveal-stuffing-the-tail-scheme-similar-to-sub-prime-scheme/</ref>

====PA illegal instructions from the Secretary of Commonwealth====
[[Democrat]] operative [[Kathy Boockvar]], who simultaneously was serving as Pennsylvania Secretary of Commonwealth in charge of elections, told the [[United States Supreme Court]] on October 28, 2020 that ballots received after 8 p.m. on November 3, 2020 would be segregated, but she changed the rules on November 1 and directed counties to canvass those ballots as soon as possible upon receipt. In some counties, it is not possible to both segregate and canvass ballots as directed. This directive leaves open the possibility that timely votes will be commingled with votes received after 8 p.m. on Election Day, despite the fact that these votes remain the subject of litigation before the United States Supreme Court.

The Department changed the rules again on November 2, 2020 when they provided last-second guidance directing counties to provide information to help voters whose mail-in or absentee ballots were incorrectly completed so those voters could vote on a provisional ballot. The late release of this “guidance” resulted in inconsistent application across the counties – some of whom contacted voters as directed and some who did not. There is no basis for this guidance in current law. The Secretary created this new process out of thin air.

At 8:38 p.m. on Monday, November 2 – less than 12 hours before the polls were to open – the Department issued an email to counties directing them to provide information to political party and candidate representatives regarding mail-in and absentee ballots which had been set aside because they failed to comply with the requirements of the Election Code in order to be counted, so that voters could come in and vote provisionally at the polls. The late release of this “guidance” resulted in inconsistent application across the counties, some of whom contacted voters as directed and some who did not; such differential treatment is wholly inappropriate and a direct result of Boockvar’s scattershot approach to [[Pennsylvania]]’s elections.<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2020/11/04/pennsylvania-republican-senators-call-on-pa-secretary-of-state-to-resign/</ref><ref>https://www.bitchute.com/video/xUWA4CqzQ6pN/</ref>

====PA Facebook illegal funding====
Urban counties such as Allegheny (Pittsburgh), Philadelphia, and Delaware County received over $10 million in private grants that imposed strict conditions on the conduct of elections without legislative approval, violating state laws prohibiting the use of private money to pay for
federal elections.

Documents obtained through court order revealed communication between the City of Philadelphia and the [[Center for Technology and Civic Life]] (CTCL) emphasizing that CTCL paid election judges in Philadelphia and other election officials. [[CTCL]] mandated Philadelphia to increase its polling locations and to use drop boxes and eventually mobile pick-up units. Moreover, Facebook CEO [[Mark Zuckerberg]] monies allowed Philadelphia to “cure” absentee ballots in a manner not provided for in Republican areas of the state.

In Democrat Delaware County, Pennsylvania, one drop box was placed every four square miles and for every 4,000 voters. In the 59 counties carried by Trump in 2016, there was one drop box for every 1,100 square miles and every 72,000 voters. Government using public or private funding to facilitate a targeted demographic to turn out the vote while targeting another demographic to suppress the vote is an [[equal rights]] violation of the l4th Amendment. This two-tiered election system allowed voters in Democrat strongholds to stroll down the street to vote while voters in Republican strongholds were ignored and left in the dark.

====PA ballot dump====

Trump led by almost 800,000 votes on election night after most Americans headed to bed. Over the course of the next 72 hours, President Trump’s lead shrunk to less than a 95,000 vote lead in the keystone state, and then Joe Biden took the lead. Batches of votes started flowing into the final tally, mostly in favor of Joe Biden. [[Five Thirty Eight]] reported that “Two more batches of Pennsylvania vote were reported: 23,277 votes in Philadelphia, all for Biden."

====PA 682,770 estimated ballots processed with no observers====
[[File:Montgomery County vote.png|right|350px|thumb|Biden, who beat Barack Obama’s popular vote record, received several tens of thousands of more votes than registered Democrats in the above counties. The Biden votes are unusually in excess of ~244,000.<ref>file:///C:/Users/Owner/Downloads/483437334-PA-Voter-Analysis-Young.pdf</ref>]]
The Pennsylvania Appeals Court issued an order that said
{{quotebox-float|“effective immediately … all candidates, watchers, or candidate representatives [shall] be permitted to be present for the canvassing process … and be permitted to observe all aspects of the canvassing process within 6 feet, while adhering to all COVID-19 protocols, including, wearing masks and maintaining social distancing.”<ref>https://twitter.com/ZoeTillman/status/1324376367916605447</ref>}}
[[Philadelphia]] Democrat election officials refused to comply with the order,<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2020/11/03/the-steal-is-on-in-pennsylvania-poll-watchers-denied-access-illegal-campaigning-at-polling-locations/</ref><ref>https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/gop-poll-watchers-are-denied-access-in-philadelphia</ref> and the Democrat [[Sheriff]], a Biden supporter, refused to enforce the Appeals Court order.<ref>https://nationalfile.com/what-are-you-hiding-trump-campaign-says-philly-sheriff-wont-enforce-order-allowing-gop-observers/</ref>

The Trump campaign then filed a lawsuit in [[federal]] district court claiming that the Board of Elections is “nonetheless continuing to count ballots, without any observations by any representatives or poll watchers of President Trump and the Republican Party.”<ref>https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/7325351/11-5-20-Trump-Campaign-v-Philadelphia-Board-of.pdf</ref> The lawsuit claims that Trump campaign observers were denied access altogether in some instances in Philadelphia County. The county’s elections board did not permit the Trump campaign’s observers to be within 6 feet of “all aspects” of the pre-canvassing process in violation of Commonwealth Court Judge Christine Fizzano Cannon’s November 5, 2020, order requiring that poll-watchers “be permitted to observe all aspects of the canvassing process within 6 feet.” The lawsuit states,
[[File:PA mail-in fraud.jpeg|right|350px|thumb|Pennsylvania mailed out 1.8 Million mail-in ballots, buy got back 2.5 million.<ref>https://youtu.be/2AYSs77k2tY</ref>]]
{{quotebox-float|“It is estimated that 680,770 ballots were processed by the Allegheny and Philadelphia County Boards of Elections when no observation was allowed.”}}
115% of Pennsylvania registered Democrats voted for Biden. Biden received 1.24 to 1.43 times greater than either [[Hillary Clinton]] or [[Barack Obama]] in predominant Republican counties.<ref name="twitter.com"/>

====PA violations of equal protection====
Pennsylvania election officials took unlawful steps to pre-canvass mail-in ballots and help voters “cure” flawed ballots that had missing or incorrect information or otherwise failed to meet legal criteria designed to prevent fraud.

Secretary of State Kathleen Boockvar exceeded her authority by issuing guidance granting permission for counties to engage in these unlawful practices. She issued this guidance less than 24 hours before polls closed — insufficient time for counties that had not engaged in those practices to take advantage of them, even if the guidance were legitimate.

These practices resulted in well over 100,000 potentially fraudulent ballots, according to analysis by data experts.<ref>Metcalfe, Daryl D, et al. v. Wolf, Bookvar, et al, Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania Complaint Filing WCMWHB00816378.</ref>

====PA no down ballot voting====
Another way to track fraudulent votes is to look closely at how many of the votes did little or no down-ticket voting. When manufacturing votes, it is too time consuming to vote for other officeholders.<ref name="thenationalpulse.com"/>

====PA dead people voting====
A lawsuit filed by the Public Interest Legal Foundation (PILF) alleges that there are at least 21,000 dead people on Pennsylvania’s voter rolls.<ref>https://andmagazine.com/talk/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Reduced_WA-PA-Deceased-Voters-1.pdf</ref> The lawsuit claims that Pennsylvania failed to “reasonably maintain” their voter registration records under federal and state law in time for the 2020 presidential election. The lawsuit states:
{{quotebox-float|“As of October 7, 2020, at least 9,212 registrants have been dead for at least five years, at least 1,990 registrants have been dead for at least ten years, and at least 197 registrants have been dead for at least twenty years."<ref name="theredelephants.com">https://theredelephants.com/there-is-undeniable-mathematical-evidence-the-election-is-being-stolen/</ref>}}
[[File:Penn-stolen-switched--360x188.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Millions of viewers witnessed in real time on [[CNN]] nearly 20,000 votes switched from Trump to Biden in a matter of seconds.]]
According to the lawsuit, about 92 percent of the 21,000 dead people on Pennsylvania’s voter rolls died sometime before October 2019. About 216 dead people show voting credits after federally listed dates of death in 2016 and 2018, the lawsuit alleges.

Republican candidates and officials also filed a lawsuit challenging Montgomery county officials’ decision to notify voters whose ballots are defective and giving them a chance to “cure” the defects—something not authorized under state law.failing to maintain accurate voter rolls and remove individuals who have died, moved out of state, or otherwise become ineligible to vote.<ref>https://www.heritage.org/crime-and-justice/commentary/what-know-about-litigation-being-waged-across-us-preserve-trump</ref>

====PA Dominion Election Systems====
Russell Ramsland of Allied Security Systems confirms that data breaches in the Dominion software permitted rogue actors to penetrate and manipulate the [[software]] during the recent general election. He further concludes that at least 96,600 mail-in ballots were illegally counted as they were not cast by legal voters.

===2020 Michigan===
[[File:2020-11-04.jpg|right|300px|thumb]]
:{{See also|Michigan election fraud}}
In October 2020, [[Judicial Watch]] released a study of Census Bureau population statistics and state voter registration data. The study found 105% more registered voters than people in [[Michigan]].<ref>https://www.judicialwatch.org/press-releases/new-jw-study-voter-registration/</ref>

Recorded ballot counts in 72% of [[Detroit]]'s absentee voting precincts didn't match the number of ballots cast, spurring officials to ask the state to investigate ahead of the [[2020 presidential election]].

Without an explanation from Detroit election workers for the mismatches, the Wayne County Board of Canvassers requested [[Secretary of State]] [[Jocelyn Benson]]'s office to examine the "training and processes" used in Detroit's August 4, 2020 primary, which one official described as a "perfect storm" of challenges. The board is charged with certifying election results.

In 46% of all Detroit's precincts — absentee and Election Day — vote counts were out of balance, according to information presented to the Wayne County Board of Canvassers. Specifically, the number of ballots tracked in precinct poll books did not match the number of ballots counted.

The situation could amplify the spotlight on [[absentee ballot]]s in Michigan ahead of an election for which record levels of mail-in voting are expected and [[President Donald Trump]] raised concerns about how votes will be handled.

The election results for the primary weren't incorrect, said Jonathan Kinloch, a [[Democrat]] and one of the canvassing board's four members. But, he said, something had gone wrong in the process of tracking ballots precinct by precinct.

Having balanced precincts is particularly important in Michigan because precincts whose poll books don’t match with ballots can’t be recounted, according to state law. Instead, the original election results would stand.<ref>https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2020/08/20/benson-asked-investigate-detroit-perfect-storm-voting-problems/5616629002/</ref>

====Sec. of State Jocelyn Benson illegal activities====
Michigan Secretary of State [[Jocelyn Benson]] gave private activist organizations direct access to the state’s voter files, which should only be accessible to election clerks. She also violated a state law requiring signatures for absentee ballot requests by establishing online voter
registration without statutory authority, and unilaterally decided — without legislative approval — to send absentee ballot request forms to every household in the state, without even checking to see whether the registered voters listed for each address had died or moved.

====MI Detroit/Wayne Count election fraud====
In a lawsuit against the Detroit Election Commission following the [[2020 presidential election]], election observers alleged:<ref>https://greatlakesjc.org/wp-content/uploads/Complaint-Costantino-FINAL-With-Exhibits.pdf</ref>
{{quotebox|a.Defendants systematically processed and counted ballots from voters whose name failed to appear in either the Qualified Voter File (QVF) or in the supplemental sheets. When a voter’s name could not be found, the election worker assigned the ballot to a random name already in the QVF to a person who had not voted.

b.Defendants instructed election workers to not verify signatures on absentee ballots, to backdate absentee ballots, and to process such ballots regardless of their validity.

c.After election officials announced the last absentee ballots had been received, another batch of unsecured and unsealed ballots, without envelopes, arrived in trays at the TCF Center. There were tens of thousands of these absentee ballots, and apparently every ballot was counted and attributed only to Democratic candidates.

d.Defendants instructed election workers to process ballots that appeared after the election deadline and to falsely report that those ballots had been received prior to November 3, 2020 deadline.

e.Defendants systematically used false information to process ballots, such as using incorrect or false birthdays. Many times, the election workers inserted new names into the QVF after the election and recorded these new voters as having a birthdate of 1/1/1900.

f.On a daily basis leading up to the election, City of Detroit election workers and 4 Great Lakes Justice Center employees coached voters to vote for Joe Biden and the Democrat party. These workers and employees encouraged voters to do a straight Democrat ballot. These election workers and employees went over to the voting booths with voters in order to watch them vote and coach them for whom to vote.

g.Unsecured ballots arrived at the TCF Center loading garage, not in sealed ballot boxes, without any chain of custody, and without envelopes.

h.Defendant election officials and workers refused to record challenges to their processes and removed challengers from the site if they politely voiced a challenge.

i.After poll challengers started discovering the fraud taking place at the TCF Center, Defendant election officials and workers locked credentialed challengers out of the counting room so they could not observe the process, during which time tens of thousands of ballots were processed.

j.Defendant election officials and workers allowed ballots to be duplicated by hand without allowing poll challengers to check if the duplication was accurate. In fact, election officials and workers repeatedly obstructed poll challengers from observing. Defendants permitted thousands of ballots to be filled out by hand and duplicated on-site without oversight from poll challengers.}}

====Michigan lawsuits====
Excerpts of election oddities from ''[[Michigan#Trump v. Michigan|Trump v. Michigan]]''.<ref>https://cdn.donaldjtrump.com/public-files/press_assets/1.-11-10-20-trump-v.-benson-w.d.-mich.-complaint-final.pdf</ref>

====MI statistical analysis====
Dr. Eric Quinell, Ph.D. analyzed the extraordinary increase in turnout from 2016 to 2020 in a relatively small subset of townships and
precincts outside of Detroit in Wayne County and Oakland County, and more importantly how nearly 100% or more of all “new” voters from 2016 to 2020 voted for Biden. Using publicly available information from Wayne County and Oakland County, Dr. Quinell first found that for the votes received up to the 2016 turnout levels, the 2020 vote Democrat vs. Republican two-ways distributions (i.e., excluding third parties) tracked the 2016 Democrat vs. Republican distribution very closely, which was 55%-45% for Wayne County (outside Detroit) and 54%/46% for Oakland County.

However, after the 2016 turnout levels were reached, the Democrat vs. Republican vote share shifts decisively towards Biden by approximately 15 points, resulting in a 72%/28% D/R split for Oakland County and 70%/30% D/R split for Wayne County (outside of Detroit). What is even more anomalous – and suspicious – is the fact that nearly all of these “new” votes in excess of 2016 come from a small number of townships/precincts where the increased Biden vote share is nearly 100% or over 100% for Biden. For example, in the township of Livonia in Wayne County, Biden gained 3.2 voters for every 1 new Trump voter, and Biden receive 97% of all “new” votes over 2016 and 151% of all new voter registrations. In the township of Troy in Oakland County, the vote share shifted from 51%/49% in 2016 to 80%/20% in 2020 due to Biden receiving 98% of new votes above 2016 and 109% of new voter registrations. Looking county-wide, Biden gained 2.32 new voters over 2016
levels to every 1 new Trump voter in Wayne County (outside Detroit) and 2.54 additional new voters per Trump voter for Oakland County.

Based on these statistically anomalous results that occurred in a handful of townships in these two counties, Dr. Quinell’s model determined that there were 40,771 anomalous votes in Wayne County (outside Detroit) and 46,125 anomalous votes in Oakland County, for a total of nearly 87,000 anomalous votes or approximately 65% of Biden’s purported lead in Michigan.<ref>https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1332169019143704579.html</ref>

The expert witness testimony of Russell James Ramsland, Jr. identified an event that occurred in Michigan on November 4, 2020 that is “physically impossible”. The “event" reflected in the data are “4 spikes totaling 384,733 ballots allegedly processed in a combined
interval of 2 hour[s] and 38 minutes” for four precincts/townships in four Michigan counties (Wayne, Oakland, Macomb ne and Kent). Based on Mr. Ramsland’s analysis of the voting machines available at the referenced locations, he determined that the maximum processing capability during this period was only 94,867 ballots, so that “there were 289,866 more ballots processed in the time available for processing in the four precincts/townships, than there was processing capacity.”<ref>https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.gand.283580/gov.uscourts.gand.283580.7.1_2.pdf</ref> This amount is alone is nearly twice the number of ballots by which Biden purportedly leads President Trump (i.e., approximately 154,180).

====MI ballot dump====
[[File:Early morning ballot dumps Nov. 4, 2020.png|right|300px|thumb|Four highly anomalous ballot dumps highlighted in yellow account for the "win" in Michigan, Wisconsin, and Georgia and represent forty-two electoral votes.<ref>https://votepatternanalysis.substack.com/p/voting-anomalies-2020</ref>]]
Tens of thousands of [[absentee ballot]]s arrived in large [[U.S. Postal Service]] boxes at the TCF Center in Detroit at 3:30am on November 4, 2020, the day after the [[2020 Presidential election]]. The TCF Center, formerly Cobo Hall, is where the absentee ballots are counted for Wayne County, which is the home of Detroit.

Former Michigan state senator Patrick Colbeck wrote that the total number of ballots dumped on the counting board totaled 38,000:<ref>https://vidmax.com/video/199326-poll-watcher-describes-how-a-mysterious-van-with-35k-votes-arrived-at-4am</ref>
{{quotebox-float|"Before the ballots showed up mysteriously at 3:30 am, no ballots had arrived at the TCF Center for over six hours, and many poll workers in the facility sat around with no work to do while getting paid hundreds of dollars by the state of Michigan.}}
According to Michigan election law, all of these mail-in and absentee ballots had to be submitted before 8 PM on Tuesday night in order to be lawfully accepted and counted for the election. This means the city of Detroit potentially sat on these ballots for hours. The white van that arrived had the name of Detroit city clerk Janice Winfrey emblazoned upon it as well as a logo and a phone number.<ref>https://bigleaguepolitics.com/tens-of-thousands-of-ballots-dropped-off-in-usps-boxes-at-detroit-absentee-ballot-processing-center-at-330-am-after-election/</ref>

At 4am, a Ferrari, and a Chrysler van with out of state plates pulled into the Detroit TCF facility (formerly Cobo Hall) with ballots inside the vehicles.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/update-from-detroit-democrat-operatives-are-threatening-gop-poll-watchers-they-are-hiding-the-line-in-back-where-votes-are-counted/</ref> Poll watcher Connie Johnson testified:
{{quotebox-float|“As they started counting the ballots, he was astonished that every single ballot, literally 100 percent of 130,000 ballots, were all Biden ballots that hadn’t been delivered to the precinct before the cut off time. We literally have people that watched it happen. We have poll challengers that have been barred from being able to go into this room to challenge ballots. We’ve had GOP members removed from the room....It’s really heartbreaking that this is what we have stooped to and allowed as a country. It is disgusting what is happening in Detroit. It’s about major fraud on a major scale… that was very well organized."<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/watch-ballot-count-watcher-describes-least-130000-ballots-biden-arriving-three-vehicles-detroit-dead-night/</ref>}}

====MI unsupervised counting====
Michigan election officials failed to provide meaningful observation of the vote counting process, a violation of the Michigan Constitution [Const. 1963, art 2, § 4(1)(h)], as well as state statute [MCL § 168.765a(12)]. The refusal to allow observers to oversee the process resulted in significant abnormalities. In Detroit, for instance, 71% of the city’s 134 Absent Vote Counter Boards (AVCB) were left unbalanced without explanation. As a result of these violations, data experts identified more than 500,000 potentially fraudulent
ballots.<ref>Michigan Supreme Court Case No. 162286.</ref>

Republicans started off Election Day with a few dozen GOP poll watchers. The party called in more workers. The number of GOP poll workers then climbed to several hundred by noon. There was a GOP watcher at nearly each table in the center. After they went to lunch the GoP poll watchers were not allowed back in.<ref>https://twitter.com/kayleighmcenany/status/1324091003947622402</ref><ref>https://www.citizenfreepress.com/breaking/shady-behavior-in-detroit/</ref> Democrat operatives became very hostile and threatening.<ref>https://twitter.com/aricnesbitt/status/1324105401814626304</ref> Vote counters with [[BLM]] masks were allowed into the center.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/breaking-detroit-officials-now-blocking-gop-poll-workers-re-entering-tfc-center-police-called/</ref>

In an October 2020 interview with ABC 7 News, Winfrey set the stage to drag out the process:
{{quotebox-float|“We’re back in control, and we know that we will have nearly 10,000 poll workers that will be working with us to process ballots on election day, or election week is what we’re calling it now, because we know we’re going to be slow.”}}
[[President Donald Trump]] had a sizable lead. Then suddenly [[Joe Biden]] jumped up 200,000 votes.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/voter-fraud-michigan-massive-dump-200000-ballots-biden-sudden-show-overnight/</ref><ref>https://www.citizenfreepress.com/breaking/alert-michigan-county-removes-totals-following-report-of-skewed-results/</ref> The Trump campaign, as well as the U.S. Senate campaign of GOP businessman and Iraq war veteran [[John James]], accused Michigan election officials of chicanery after thousands of ballots appeared in the middle of the night following Election Day. The campaigns also were outraged that GOP election observers were denied access to ballot counting facility in Detroit after poll workers placed large sheets of cardboard over windows, obscuring the public’s view.

====MI no down ballot voting====
Trump received 2,637,173 votes while the GOP senate candidate received 2,630,042 votes. The difference here is only 7,131 which is not far off from what we see historically. In the same state, Joe Biden received 2,787,544 votes while the Democratic senate candidate received 2,718,451. The difference is 69,093 votes which is much higher than the historical norm.

====MI dead people voting====
An observer noticed something curious about some of the names on the ballots. Upon further review, one particular name out of the list, and confirmed to have cast a ballot,<ref>https://theredelephants.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/HxGKud6M7W3Zeg5A.mp4?_=3</ref> happened to be born in 1902 and passed away in 1984. A pollster noticed the list and video, and used [[social security]] death index data confirming the deceased registered voter. Over 14,000 dead people were found who either voted in Wayne County (Detroit) or were registered to vote. Another poll watcher who was later kicked out for taking photographs, noticed a decent sized list of Michigan residents who have also been confirmed to have cast their ballots. All of the names on the list he reviewed show their birthdate in chronological order.<ref name="theredelephants.com">https://theredelephants.com/there-is-undeniable-mathematical-evidence-the-election-is-being-stolen/</ref>

The campaigns also were outraged that GOP election observers were denied access to ballot counting facility in Detroit after poll workers placed large sheets of cardboard over windows, obscuring the public’s view. Michigan Attorney General Dana Nessel asked state residents to stop telling her staff to shove Sharpie markers up their butts after a state judge threw out a lawsuit by the Trump campaign which sought to halt ballot counts. Nessel tweeted:
{{quotebox-float|“Dear members of the public: Please stop making harassing & threatening calls to my staff. They are kind, hardworking public servants just doing their job. Asking them to shove sharpies in uncomfortable places is never appropriate & is a sad commentary on the state of our nation."<ref>https://twitter.com/dananessel/status/1324441365091131394</ref>}}
The Sharpie reference is tied to allegations of poll irregularities contained in an [[Arizona]] lawsuit alleging that ballots marked with the felt-tipped pens were rejected at some voting centers. In one video posted to [[social media]], two women claimed that Sharpie-marked ballots were not being accepted but ballots marked with regular ballpoint pens were at one voting station. “So, they’re invalidating votes is what they’re doing,” a man off-camera taking the video says. “Yes,” one woman, also off-camera, responded. “I used your pen and then I brought it back to you and I said give this to somebody because it works,” a woman on-camera said. “Yes, yes, and so we know that, and we’ve been telling them, ‘You need to use a ballpoint pen, not the Sharpie,’ and now those are getting invalidated,” said the man. On Election Day, Maricopa County officials claimed in a video posted to social media that Sharpies are okay to use when marking ballots despite current state guidance indicating felt-tip markers not be used for ballots.<ref>https://www.bizpacreview.com/2020/11/06/michigan-ag-pleads-with-residents-to-stop-telling-staff-to-shove-sharpies-up-their-rear-ends-993535</ref>

====MI Dominion/Scorecard fraud====
[[File:Antrim County.png|right|350px|thumb|Vote switching in Antrim County, MI.<ref>https://www.9and10news.com/content/uploads/2020/12/Antrim_Michigan_Forensics_Report_121320_v2_REDACTED.pdf</ref>]]
An independent forensic audit of Dominion’s machines concluded:
{{quotebox-float|“The Dominion Voting System is intentionally and purposefully designed with inherent errors to create systemic fraud and influence election results. ...The intentional errors lead to bulk adjudication of ballots with no oversight, transparency, and no audit trail. This leads to voter or election fraud. Based on our study we conclude that the Dominion Voting System should not be used in Michigan....The allowable election error rate established by the [[Federal Election Commission]] guidelines is of 1 in 250,000 ballots (.0008%). We observed an error rate of 68.05%. This demonstrated a significant and fatal error in security and election integrity."<ref>https://www.depernolaw.com/uploads/2/7/0/2/27029178/antrim_michigan_forensics_report_[121320]_v2_[redacted].pdf</ref>}}
Melissa Carone was a contractor for [[Dominion Voting Systems]] to do IT work at the TCF Center. Carone gave an interview to Redpill78 on Twitch.<ref>https://www.twitch.tv/videos/798796260?t=0h15m8s</ref> Carone states in a sworn affidavit that she “witnessed nothing but fraudulent actions take place”. Carone testified,<ref>https://www.greatlakesjc.org/wp-content/uploads/Supplemental-Brief-Motion-for-TRO-Costantino.pdf</ref>
{{quotebox-float|3. The counters (which were trained very little or not at all), were handed a "batch" (stack of 50) of mail-in ballots in which they would run through the tabulator. The tabulators would get jammed 4-5 times an hour, when they jammed the computer would put out an error that tells the worker the ballot number that was jammed and gives an option to either discard the batch or continue scanning at which the counter should discard the batch, put the issue ballot on top of the batch and rescan the entire batch. I witnessed countless workers rescanning the batches without discarding them first which resulted in ballots being counted 4-5 times.

4. At approximately midnight I was called over to assist one of the counters with a paper jam and noticed his PC had a number of over 400 ballots scanned- which means one batch was counted over 8 times. This happened countless times while I was at the TCF Center. I confronted my manager, Nick Ikonornakis saying how big of a problem this was, Nick told me he didn't want to hear that we have a big problem. He told me we are here to do assist with IT work, not to run their election.

5. The adjudication process, from my understanding there's supposed to be a republican and a democrat judging these ballots. I overheard numerous workers talking during shift change in which over 20 machines had two democrats judging the ballots-resulting in an unfair process.

6. Next, I want to describe what went on during shift change, it was a chaotic disaster. It took over two hours for workers to arrive at their "assigned areas", over 30 workers were taken upstairs and told they didn't have a job for them to do. These people were chosen to be counters, in which 6 workers admitted to me that they received absolutely no training at all.

7. The night shift workers were free to come and go as they pleased, they could go out and smoke from the counting room. This is illegal, as there were boxes and stacks of ballots everywhere, anyone could have taken some out or brought some in, and No one was watching them.

8. There was two vans that pulled into the garage of the counting room, one on day shift and one on night shift. These vans were apparently bringing food into the building because they only had enough food for not even 1/3 of the workers. I never saw any food corning out of these vans, coincidently it was announced on the news that Michigan had discovered over 100,000 more ballots- not even two hours after the last van left.

9. When a worker had a ballot that they either could not read, or it had something spilled on it, they would go to a table that had blank ballots on it and fill it out. They were supposed to be filling them out exactly like the one they had received but this was not the case at all. The workers would also sign the name of the person that the ballot belonged to-which is clearly illegal.

13. I called the FBI and made a report with them, I was told that I will be getting a call back.}}
Dr. [[Shiva Ayyadurai]] of [[MIT]], the inventor of email, did a statistical analysis of voting integrity in Michigan during a video livestream presentation.<ref>https://www.pscp.tv/w/1BdGYYjgkgQGX</ref> Dr. Shyiva demonstrated statistically how an [[algorithm]] took about 60,000 votes away from President Trump and gave them to Joe Biden in Oakland County, Michigan during the course of election day. He demonstrated the same pattern in Macomb County.

The slope of linear decline of Trump votes hour-by-hour in Oakland, Macomb, and Kent County, Michigan, was the same in predominantly Republican precincts. The public data reveal algorithm-manipulated tampering to transfer Trump votes from Republicans to Biden.

"The United States voting systems, the inputs and the outputs, are unverifiable," says Dr. Shiva, as many jurisdictions don't verify if a real person legally voted (no voter ID), and if the real votes were indeed tabulated truthfully (ballots or images are not preserved).

In violation of federal law concerning candidates for federal office, [[Massachusetts]] destroys ballots and images on election day, Dr. Shiva says.

Shiva says he was banned from Twitter for saying this, even though he had it confirmed by the Massachusetts [[secretary of state]].

Dominion voting systems is set up to make it easy to change & delete results. A [[NeverTrump|Resistance member]] with administrator access in a warehouse full of machines can enter whatever result, and delete previous results.<ref>https://twitter.com/PlaysTrumpCard/status/1326508337140207619</ref><ref>[https://www.sos.state.co.us/pubs/elections/VotingSystems/DVS-DemocracySuite511/documentation/UG-RTR-UserGuide-5-11-CO.pdf Democracy Suite® EMS Results Tally & Reporting User Guide], Version: 5.11-CO::7, May 28, 2019</ref>

===2020 Georgia===
[[File:GA PA election fraud.png|right|350px|thumb|New York Times Election Report Reveals
104,984 Stolen Votes in GA.<ref>https://centralcitynews.us/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Central-City-News-11-19-20-Small.pdf</ref>]]
:{{See also|Georgia election fraud}}
On March 6, 2020 the Georgia Secretary of State, [[Brad Raffensperger]], a Republican, signed off on a secret legal agreement with the [[Democratic Party]] of Georgia, the [[Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee]], and the [[Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee]] to alter [[absentee ballot]] procedures in [[Georgia]].<ref>https://www.dropbox.com/s/ta0rze1m3flzk5o/2020-11-13%20Complaint%20-%20L.%20Wood%20v.%20Raffensperger%20et%20al.pdf?dl=0</ref> The Democrats’ attorney for this secret deal was [[Marc Elias]] from [[Perkins Coie]],<ref>https://www.indiarightnownews.com/lin-wood-files-lawsuit-challenging-georgias-secretary-of-states-dark-unconstitutional-agreement-with-hillary-attorney-marc-elias/</ref> the bagman for [[Hillary Clinton]] who hire [[FusionGPS]] to write the ''[[Steele dossier]]'' during the [[2016 presidential election]].

Raffensperger announced the state’s purchase of a $106 million election system from Dominion Voting Systems in July 2019. In a lawsuit, which originated in 2017, critics contend that the new system was subject to many of the same security vulnerabilities as the one it was replacing.

In an October 11, 2020 order, just weeks prior to the 2020 presidential election, U.S. District Judge Amy Totenberg agreed with the concerns associated with the new Dominion voting system, writing that the case presented “serious system security vulnerability and operational issues that may place Plaintiffs and other voters at risk of deprivation of their fundamental right to cast an effective vote that is accurately counted.”

“The Court’s Order has delved deep into the true risks posed by the new BMD voting system as well as its manner of implementation. These risks are neither hypothetical nor remote under the current circumstances,” Judge Totenberg wrote in her order.<ref>https://casetext.com/case/curling-v-raffensperger-3</ref>

====GA Dominion Election Systems====
[[File:Dominion-states-522x600.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Dominion election equipment with [[Chinese]] components used in 28 states.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/huge-corrupted-software-used-michigan-county-stole-6000-votes-trump-also-used-swing-states-uses-chinese-computer-parts-machines/</ref>]]
There were problems with the vote counting software of [[Dominion Election Systems]] used in 28 states. Georgia has four counties that experienced technical problems. Spalding and Morgan counties,<ref>https://www.lawofficer.com/two-georgia-counties-using-same-software-of-michigan-counties-encounter-software-glitches/</ref> Gwinnett (which led to a delay counting absentee ballots), and Fulton (which led to people being asked to fill out provisional ballots). Fulton has also indicated a problem with their vote count reporting leading to a rescanning of some ballots.<ref>https://bigleaguepolitics.com/georgia-secretary-of-state-dispatches-investigators-to-atlanta-arena-after-fulton-county-discovers-election-reporting-issue/</ref>

Voters were unable to cast machine ballots for a couple of hours in Morgan and Spalding counties after the electronic devices crashed, state officials said. The companies “uploaded something last night, which is not normal, and it caused a glitch,” said Marcia Ridley, elections supervisor at Spalding County Board of Election. That "glitch" prevented poll workers from using the pollbooks to program smart cards that the voters insert into the voting machines. “That is something that they don’t ever do. I’ve never seen them update anything the day before the election,” Ridley said. Ridley said she did not know what the upload contained.<ref>https://www.politico.com/news/2020/11/04/georgia-election-machine-glitch-434065</ref>

[[Sidney Powell]] filed an emergency demand to seize all voting machines for a forensic audit.<ref>https://www.bizpacreview.com/2020/11/29/sidney-powell-files-emergency-demand-to-seize-all-voting-machines-for-forensic-audit-1000468</ref> A federal judge intervened in the election fraud suit.<ref>https://sharylattkisson.com/2020/11/read-federal-judge-orders-georgia-voting-machines-be-preserved-then-reverses-hearing-set-for-friday/</ref> The judge first blocked, then unblocked, then blocked again wiping or resetting the election machines.<ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/judge-blocks-then-unblocks-georgia-from-wiping-or-resetting-election-machines_3597691.html</ref> Secretary of State [[Brad Raffensperger]] ordered the Dominion machines to be wiped. [https://youtu.be/EwyCk7l0owM]

A Dominion server crashed during the presidential recount.<ref>https://freedomjournalist.com/dominion-server-crashes-during-georgia-recount/</ref> The servers were being wiped in [[Atlanta]] and Fulton county.<ref>https://youtu.be/1OeKQV_xOJU</ref> A Dominion server had been removed from Fulton county.<ref>https://www.zerohedge.com/political/powell-dominion-server-removed-fulton-county-while-lawyers-sought-restraining-order</ref> Lawyers representing the state of Georgia defended Dominion’s ‘trade secrets’ to stop inspection of machines,<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/breaking/bizarre-georgia-govt-lawyers-defended-dominions-trade-secrets-to-stop-forensic-analysis-of-machines-software/</ref> and warned the judge of ‘grave consequences’ if election officials were not allowed to wipe and reset the voting machines.
<ref>https://www.bizpacreview.com/2020/12/05/georgia-officials-warn-judge-of-grave-consequences-if-theyre-not-allowed-to-wipe-reset-voting-machines-1002534/</ref>

A video showed hidden suitcases full of ballots in the State Farm Arena in Atlanta.<ref name="youtu.be">https://youtu.be/nVP_60Hm4P8</ref><ref>https://youtu.be/09-XkfJLgCs</ref><ref>https://youtu.be/A3sqPxsbM1k</ref><ref>https://youtu.be/-lRfVS_aNX8</ref><ref>https://youtu.be/oGoXq2OsUYs</ref><ref>https://www.citizenfreepress.com/breaking/ruby-freemans-daughter-provided-the-suitcase-of-votes-photos/</ref> The ballots were counted during the alleged "water pipe break".<ref>https://www.news.com.au/world/north-america/us-politics/slow-leak-text-messages-cast-doubt-on-georgia-officials-burst-pipe-excuse-for-pause-in-counting/news-story/19176f5113512210517c82debe684392</ref> Gov. [[Brian Kemp]] allegedly called for a signature audit.<ref>https://youtu.be/zCme9vXj8iA</ref>

it was confirmed: [[Dominion Voting Systems|Domininion]] machines were tampered with prior to the [[2020 presidential election]].<ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/dominion-voting-machines-were-updated-before-election-georgia-official-confirms_3604668.html1</ref> Dominion had remote desktop access to voting machines.<ref>https://gellerreport.com/2020/12/georgia-dominion-had-remote-desktop-access-to-voting-machines-poll-pads.html/</ref> Dominion gave [[Joe Biden]] a 5% boost.<ref>https://youtu.be/iKYdr-MCvNU</ref> A Dominion employee was caught on video downloading data to a [[USB]], plugging it into laptop, and manipulating data.<ref>https://dcdirtylaundry.com/dominion-employee-caught-on-video-downloading-data-on-usb-plugging-it-into-a-laptop-manipulating-data-then-palming-the-usb-video/</ref> A suspicious handoff of a USB in Fulton county was also recorded.<ref>https://www.citizenfreepress.com/breaking/suspicious-usb-handoff-in-fulton-county/</ref>

According to statistician Edward Solomon, the probability of Joe Biden winning the number of votes as reported in Fulton County is 5.88 x 10−82, or roughly greater than the number of [[atom]]s in the observable [[universe]].<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0eNr2qoHKdQ&t=676s</ref>

====GA Facebook bribery====
Fulton County officials illegally accepted more than $6 million in private grants that imposed conditions on the conduct of elections without authority from the state legislature. In addition, state election officials entered into a settlement agreement with the Democratic Party that
created rules for processing absentee ballots that directly contradict the legislature’s intent.

====GA Stacey Abram's temp service====

[[Stacey Abrams]] was instrumental in Fulton County, Georgia election fraud in the 2020 presidential election which swung the vote for Joe Biden. Evidence was presented at the Fulton County Board of Commissioners (BOC) hearing on June 16, 2021 indicating that Stacey Abrams “financed the main contractor used in Fulton County elections during the Nov 3rd [2020] poll and the Jan 5th [2021] U.S. Senate runoff.”

Bridget Thorne helped set up voting equipment prior to the November election. Thorne told the Board of Commissioners that she contacted local officials to see how she could work as a poll tech, but they redirected her to a temporary employment agency, Happy Faces. Abrams owns 16 percent of Happy Faces. Thorne explained that when the Secretary of State (SoS) offered staffing substitutes for warehouse workers who had been quarantined because of [[covid]], “Fulton County declined their offer and brought in unqualified, untrained, hundred percent minority Happy Face employees.”<ref>https://uncoverdc.com/2021/06/17/fulton-county-early-election-hiring-implicates-stacey-abrams/</ref> Thorne quoted a 2014 ''Atlanta Journal-Constitution'' (AJC) article regarding a company Abrams founded called NOWaccount, a company that “secures government contracts.” Stacey Abrams, according to Thorne:
{{quotebox-float|“Owns 16 percent [of NOWaccount]…NOWaccount is registered as the only secured party provider for Happy Faces. NOWaccount provides the line of credit…with the purse strings connection of Stacey Abrams to Happy Faces, you must ask does she have influence over who gets hired to work for our elections. Can she or her activist groups also recommend employees? With Happy Faces working one hundred percent early voting, ballot adjudication, absentee ballot processing, warehouse, dropbox, signature verification—they are basically running our elections. Shouldn’t we know who they are recruiting? Shouldn’t we know who they are? Could an activist group have a special connection and ability to work our election while veteran poll clerks like me are shut out?”}}
[[File:Georgia Nov 3 2020.PNG|rright|350px|thumb|]]

====The pipe burst lie====
Originally when the [[mainstream media]] reported it at the time, a water main pipe allegedly burst, forcing the evacuation of the room where mail-in and absentee ballots were counted in the State Farm Arena. However, these [[fake news]] reports also claimed that no ballots were damaged.

Republican election observers were forced from the room. Employees were told ballot counting ceased for the night and would resume at 8:00 AM. Four workers remained behind. Within minutes after everyone's departure, surveillance camera's revealed the workers unloading tens of thousands of ballots secreted away beneath draped tables The workers began furiously running the ballots through tabulation machines.

=====Ballot box stuffing=====
A voter fraud hearing in Georgia features explosive allegations of ballot stuffing. The witness said that after the observers left, the remaining workers "move[d] into action and began scanning ballots." This was allegedly not under any observation other than the surveillance cameras.<ref name="youtu.be"/>

====GA no down ballot voting====

President Trump gained 2,432,799 votes, while the GOP Senate candidate tallied 2,433,617 votes. This is a difference of only 818 votes. Joe Biden in contrast gained 2,414,651 votes, while his Democratic Senate candidate tallied 2,318,850 votes. This is a difference of 95,801 votes.

====GA ineligible voters and unlawful ballots====
132,000 ineligible voters were identified in Fulton county.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/huge-breaking-news-georgia-132000-ballots-fulton-county-georgia-identified-likely-ineligible/</ref> Officials failed to enforce state law residency requirements on voters who changed addresses before the November 3, 2020 election, leading to an estimated 20,000 unlawful ballots being improperly counted. Data experts put the total number of illegal votes counted and legal votes not counted at more than 200,000, far greater than the margin separating Joe Biden and Donald Trump in the state.<ref>Fulton County (GA) Superior Court Case No. 2020CV342959.</ref>

====GA counterfeit ballots====
A poll worker testified they saw “counterfeit” ballots with darker colored watermarks that went 100% to Joe Biden. When the Elections Director was alerted to the counterfeit ballots they brushed off concerns and said the watermarks were darker because of the use of different printers. The poll worker testified about “the use of different paper for ballots, that would constitute fraud stating”:
{{quotebox-float|I noticed that almost all of the ballots I reviewed were for Biden. Many batches went 100% for Biden. I also observed that the watermark on at least 3 ballots were solid gray instead of transparent, leading me to believe the ballot was counterfeit. I challenged this and the Elections Director said it was a legitimate ballot and was due to the use of different printers. Many ballots had markings for Biden only, and no markings on the rest of the ballot.}}
Another worker (same witness who gave sworn statement in ''Wood v. Raffensperger'') explained she observed batches of pristine ballots with different texture paper with machine-stamped bubbles that went 98% for Joe Biden:<ref>https://youtu.be/HZ0kM4mVlfI</ref>
{{quotebox-float|Most of the ballots had already been handled; they had been written on by people, and the edges were worn. They showed obvious use. However, one batch stood out. It was pristine. There was a difference in the texture of the paper – it was if they were intended for absentee use but had not been used for that purposes. There was a difference in the feel.

These different ballots included a slight depressed pre-fold so they could be easily folded and unfolded for use in the scanning machines. There were no markings on the ballots to show where they had com~ from, or where they had been processed. These stood out.

In my 20 years of experience of handling ballots, I observed that the markings for the candidates on these ballots were unusually uniform, perhaps even with a ballot-marking device. By my estimate in observing these ballots, approximately 98% constituted votes for Joe Biden. I only observed two of these ballots as votes for President Donald J. Trump.”<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/georgia-lawsuit-witness-testifies-use-different-paper-counterfeit-ballots-watermark-solid-grey-instead-transparent-100-joe-biden/</ref>}}

====GA dead people voting====
27,000 90-year-olds and 2,000 100 year-olds were registered to vote.<ref>https://www.dickmorris.com/category/lunchtime-videos/</ref>

===2020 Wisconsin===
Wisconsin law requires photo ID for absentee ballot requests, specifically to prevent fraud. Notably, the law mentions the legislature’s intent “to prevent overzealous solicitation of absent electors who may prefer not to participate in an election.”

The Wisconsin Election Commission also violated state law by allowing voters to claim “indefinite confinement” as a means of avoiding the legal requirement to provide a photo ID when requesting an absentee ballot. The legislature established this exemption for the elderly and disabled, yet many of the individuals who claimed it in 2020 subsequently left their homes to participate in family outings, political protests, and other activities that directly contradict their claim to have been “indefinitely confined.”

Data experts estimate that more than 150,000 votes were affected by these violations, including nearly 100,000 illegal ballots cast by individuals falsely claiming to be indefinitely confined.<ref>Wisconsin Supreme Court Case No. 2020AP1930-OA.</ref>

====WI turnout and ballot dump====
[[File:Milwaukee turnout 2020.jpeg|left|300px|thumb|Turnout exceeded registered voters in some Milwaukee precincts by 200%.]]
Theredelephants reports in [[Wisconsin]], voter turnout matched the record high of 2004. The Wisconsin Elections Commission uses the estimated voting age population as the denominator when calculating statewide voter turnout numbers. According to the Elections Commission, there was a 73 percent turnout in this Wisconsin election.

Turnout was 67 percent in 2016; 70 percent in 2012; 69 percent in 2008; and 73 percent in 2004. Apparently Joe Biden smashed [[Barack Obama]]’s 2008 turnout in most places in the country.

In both Michigan and Wisconsin, several vote dumps occurred at approximately 4am on Wednesday morning November 4, 2020 which showed that Joe Biden received almost 100 percent of the votes. President Trump was leading by hundreds of thousands of votes in both states as America went to sleep, and turnout in the state of Wisconsin seems to be particularly impossible.

In Wisconsin on election day before the polls opened, Republicans led Mail-in Ballots requested 43% to 35%, and Mail-in and early in-person ballots returned 43% to 35%. Almost ALL of the ballots found, while most in the country were sleeping, after they officials stated they would stop counting, were for Joe Biden.

Some statistically savvy observers noticed other mathematical flaws, as random numbers in statistics should follow a pattern in their distribution. If the numbers are falsified, it is easy to detect.

Biden had 49,000 votes posted on the City of Milwaukee website as of 4 AM Wednesday and 194,000 votes as of 3 PM Wednesday.<ref>https://twitter.com/RichHiggins_DC/status/1329268228883963904</ref> 102 wards added more than 500 votes, 16 added more than 1000. State margin 20k <ref>https://t.co/ToBWG58yXv</ref><ref>pic.twitter.com/3yzpYSEJ0q</ref>

The increase in Democrats relative to Republicans was significantly higher when the Democrat was doing worse overall in early counting. Within each ward, late votes broke heavily to the Democrat in exactly the races where they are likely to affect the result.

====WI illegal instructions from the Election Board====
[[File:Wisconsin-Rock-County-3.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Vote switching in Rock County, Wisconsin.]]
In Wisconsin, the law states that ballots returned by a third party absent a witness statement are invalid and not to be counted. Municipal clerks and vote counters across the state filled out witness signatures themselves. Acting on false and unlawful advice from the Wisconsin Elections Commission (WEC), these clerks may have invalidated thousands of [[absentee ballot|absentee votes]].
[[File:WI fraudulent ballots.png|left|300px|thumb|Fraudulent ballots cast in Wisconsin.<ref>https://justthenews.com/politics-policy/elections/group-files-emergency-petition-wisconsin-after-finding-potentially-150000?utm_source=daily-newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter</ref>]]
The WEC sent uniform instructions to voters with their mail-in ballots that informed them that “your witness must sign and provide their full address (street number, street name, city) in the Certification of Witness section” and warned that “if any of the required information above is missing, your ballot will not be counted.” However, on October 19, 2020 the WEC sent instructions to clerks that they can simply fill in the witness address themselves so that the ballot would not be invalidated. “Please note that the clerk should attempt to resolve any missing witness address information prior to Election Day if possible, and this can be done through reliable information (personal knowledge, voter registration information, through a phone call with the voter or witness),” WEC wrote. “The witness does not need to appear to add a missing address.”<ref>https://justthenews.com/politics-policy/elections/many-200000-wisconsin-residents-may-have-voted-absentee-without-having</ref>

“The statute is very, very clear,” said retired Wisconsin Supreme Court Justice Michael Gableman, who worked as a poll watcher in Milwaukee on Election Day. “If an absentee ballot does not have a witness address on it, it’s not valid. That ballot is not valid.” The former Wisconsin Supreme Court Justice said the ballots should be invalidated. “In defiance of and direct contradiction to the statute, the Wisconsin Elections Commission gave guidance–that is, cover–to all 72 county clerks and turned the statute on his head,” Gableman said. “They said, ‘Gee, we know the law says an absentee ballot without the witness address is not valid, but county clerk, you have a duty to go ahead and look up on your own the witness’ address if there’s no address on the absentee ballot.”<ref>https://redstate.com/scotthounsell/2020/11/08/ballot-clerks-in-wisconsin-allegedly-added-witness-statements-to-thousands-of-invalid-ballots-n276848</ref>

Anticipating a legal challenge to this seemingly highly unlawful advice, the WEC instructed clerks to write in these witness addresses in red pen so that they would be easy to find during a recount or audit of the vote.

The Republican Party of Wisconsin estimates that thousands of witness addresses may have been changed, thus invalidating the ballots on which they appeared. The statutory remedy for this is to subtract a commensurate number of votes for the candidates for whom those ballots were cast, meaning that vote totals may substantially change.

====WI vote switching====
[[File:WI indefinite.png|right|350px|thumb]]
Evidence shows that the vote totals for Rock County appeared to be switched between President Trump and Joe Biden. 9,516 votes were eliminated from President Trump and moved to Joe Biden. This 19,032 vote difference when corrected would eliminate Biden’s lead in Wisconsin.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/breaking-exclusive-system-glitch-also-uncovered-wisconsin-reversal-19032-votes-removes-lead-joe-biden/aypundit.com</ref><ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/happening-mit-scientist-offer-president-trump-proof-computer-algorithm-likely-transferred-69000-votes-trump-joe-biden-michigan/</ref>

====WI fraudulent ballots====
Under Wisconsin state law, a voter must present a valid photo ID when requesting to vote by mail. The exception to the rule is for those voters who are currently hospitalized or “indefinitely confined because of age, physical illness, or infirmity.”<ref>https://redstate.com/shipwreckedcrew/2020/11/24/trump-campaign-focusing-on-unlawful-use-of-absentee-ballot-process-to-avoid-wisconsin-id-requirement-n284528</ref> [[Covid]] doesn't meet the qualifications for an "indefinitely confined" voter.

===2020 Nevada===
{{See also|Nevada election fraud}}
According to data from the [[Nevada]] Secretary of State website, the total ballots Cast on November 3 was 1,327,394.<ref>https://www.nvsos.gov/sos/home/showdocument?id=9054</ref> The Silver State website, run by the Nevada Secretary of State, reported the total number of votes cast for each candidate. Joe Biden received a total of 703,486 votes, or 50.06% of the votes, while Donald Trump got 669,890 votes, or 47.67%. Simple math would show that adding the number of votes cast for each presidential candidate (703,486 + 669,890), should equal the total votes cast, or 1,327,394. But it doesn’t. It adds up to 1,373,376. That is 45,982 more votes that the Secretary of States website says were cast in the entire election.

The numbers as officially reported on the Silver State website, show Joe Biden with a +33,596 margin over President Trump. But from the calculations there were an additional 45,982 votes were allocated to someone.<ref>https://twpundit.com/2020/11/23/calculating-voter-fraud-nevadas-numbers-dont-add-up/</ref>

42,000 voters voted twice and have multiple voter registration numbers associated with substantially the same name, birthdate, and address.<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/news/nevada-fraud-hearing-obstruction-machines-dead/</ref>

====NV out-of-state votes====
A Letter from lawyers to [[Attorney General]] [[Bill Barr]] included 60 pages of voter records, stated that they have identified 3,062 individuals who appear to have improperly cast mail ballot in the election. [[CBS News]] verified these facts by cross referencing the names and addresses of voters with National Change of Address database/<ref>https://twitter.com/CBS_Herridge/status/1324535401969864705</ref>

Almost 20,000 Nevada voters had a non-Nevada mailing address. 2,468 voters legally changed their address to another jurisdiction or state or country.

====NV unverified votes counted====
A [[whistleblower]] came forward indicating he witnessed [[illegal]] ballots being counted without signatures being verified.<ref>https://twitter.com/NVGOP/status/1325254758811095040</ref> He was instructed to ignore discrepancies with addresses. The worker swire out an affidavit which was sent to the [[Department of Justice]] in [[Washington, D.C.]].<ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/breaking-trump-campaign-taking-numerous-new-legal-actions-in-election-battle</ref>

====NV provisional ballots====
60,000 Trump voters were tricked into using provisional ballots that were never counted.<ref>https://dcdirtylaundry.com/nevada-poll-workers-tricked-60000-mostly-trump-voters-into-using-provisional-ballots-that-were-never-counted/</ref>

====NV gift card lottery for votes====
A Nevada state agency offered gift cards for votes.<ref>https://www.reviewjournal.com/opinion/opinion-columns/victor-joecks/victor-joecks-nevada-group-offered-gift-cards-for-voting-and-a-state-agency-promoted-it-2187045/</ref> Key [[Native American]] leaders working with the Biden campaign offered tribal members and associates Visa gift cards, jewelry, and other “swag” to vote in the presidential election. It is illegal to offer any kind of bribe or payment for a vote.

In one long video, officials from the Reno-Sparks Indian Colony are shown offering a raffle for gift cards in values of $25, $100, $250, and $500 to those who can prove they voted. Other gifts for voting include bracelets, necklaces, earrings, T-shirts, and masks.<ref>https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/washington-secrets/pro-biden-effort-offered-native-americans-25-500-visa-gift-cards-jewelry-to-vote</ref>

====NV dead people voting====
Almost 1,500 Nevada voters listed as deceased by the Social Security Administration (SSA) Master Death File, Consumer Data Vendors, Public Obituary Data Matches, and Credit Bureau Deceased Data voted.

====NV non-existent voters====
USPS Flags on Non-Residential Addresses: approximately 15,000 voters are registered to vote at either a commercial address or a vacant property. Almost 6,000 had USPS flags on vacant addresses. Approximately 8,000 voters had registered addresses that are physically non-existent.

===2020 Arizona===
[[File:Maricopa-audit-6.jpg|right|350px|thumb|The Maricopa County Election Management Systems databases were deleted after they were [[subpoena]]ed by the Arizona Senate.<ref>https://100percentfedup.com/breaking-bombshell-maricopa-co-deleted-entire-2020-election-database-showing-results-tally-and-reporting-days-before-equipment-was-delivered-to-the-audit-this-is-spoilati/</ref>]]
:{{See also|Arizona election fraud}}
On November 16, 2020, Arizona reported a 65.9% voter turnout. On November 30, 2020, the Secretary of State’s reported 79.9% voter turnout, the highest in the country according to latest aggregated results from Statista.

Arizona reported the number of ballots cast was 3,420,565 in 2020 versus 1,037,550 in 1998, or 2,383,015 more people voted in 2020 vs 1998. In the same span of time the population grew by only 1,756,24. In other words, every single new person in the state - 100% over the past twenty-two years - voted, plus an additional 166,511 more than the population growth.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/12/numbers-dont-lie-data-scientists-break-voter-fraud-arizona-shocking-video/</ref>

There was no proper signature validation of 1.9 million on mail in ballots.<ref>https://sharylattkisson.com/2020/11/what-youve-been-asking-for-a-fairly-complete-list-of-some-of-the-most-significant-claims-of-2020-election-miscounts-errors-or-fraud/</ref>

====AZ Ballot destruction and vote switching====
Over 75,000 absentee ballots were reported as unreturned when they were actually returned. These absentee ballots were then either lost or destroyed (consistent with allegations of Trump ballot destruction) and/or were replaced with blank ballots filled out by election workers
or other third parties.<ref>In the United States District Court for the District of Arizona, ''[https://www.democracydocket.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/2020/12/Bower-Complaint-AZ.pdf Tyler Bowyer et al v.. Doug Ducey]'', December 2, 2020.</ref>

In cases where ballots were too damaged or illegible to be read by vote tabulation machines, Novus software 6.0.0.0. was used in an attempt to cure or restore the ballots. The system would do so by trying to read the applicable scans of the original rejected ballots. However, as noted in a court “the software was highly inaccurate, and it often flipped the vote....the software would erroneously prefill ‘Biden’ twice as often as it did ‘Trump.’”<ref>https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/20417265/ward-v-jackson-complaint-and-petition-for-discovery.pdf</ref>

====AZ Equal protection violations====
Mail-in voters had up to 5 days to “cure” or “fix” invalid mail-in ballots sent prior to Election Day. In-person voters in Maricopa County had to deal with poll workers who did not know how to work electronic voting machines properly. This resulted in thousands of in-person votes being marked incorrectly, given provisional ballots, and disregarded rather than cured.

====AZ Facebook funding fraud====
State officers and [[Maricopa County]] Officials failed to enforce the state law against private companies from directing federal election administration, accepting millions of dollars in private grants that gave some voters in the state access to advantages that were unavailable to voters in other parts of the state. These officials also allowed for gaps in the chain of custody of official ballots through the use of “mobile” drop boxes that are stationed in unsupervised public locations, failed to enforce the state law against double voting, and failed to enforce the state law against allowing people to vote using an address where they no longer live.

As a result of these violations, data experts estimate that more than 300,000 potentially fraudulent ballots may have influenced the outcome of the popular vote in the state, including more than 200,000 illegal ballots that were counted and about 75,000 legal votes that were not
counted.<ref>Superior Court of the State of Arizona in and for the County of Maricopa Case No. CV 2020-096490.</ref>

====AZ Dominion Voting Systems====
Each [[Democrat party]] candidate was allotted 35,000 votes by rigged election machine before the voting started at 7 AM.

The Trump campaign and [[Republican National Committee]] filed a lawsuit that seeks the manual inspection of potentially thousands of in-person Election Day ballots in metro [[Phoenix]] that they allege were mishandled by poll workers and resulted in some ballot selections to be disregarded.

The legal challenge against Democrat Secretary of State [[Katie Hobbs]] centers on instances in which people are believed to have voted for more candidates than permitted.

When tabulators detect such an “overvote,” poll workers should give voters a choice to fix the problem, but the workers instead either pressed or told voters to press a button on the machine to override the error, leaving the devices to disregard the problematic ballot selections, according to the lawsuit.<ref>https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/11/07/2020-latest-trump-gop-sue-in-arizona-over-ballot-handling/</ref>

A Pima county whistleblower stated that Democratic Party members invited him to a meeting on September 10, 2020 and outlined a plan to add 35,000 votes to each Democrat candidate.
{{quotebox-float|"When I asked how in the world will 35,000 votes be kept hidden from being discovered, it was stated that spread distribution will be embedded across the entire registered-voter range and will not exceed the registered-vote count, and the 35,000 was determined allowable in Pima County, based on our county registered-vote count.

It was also stated that total voter turnout versus total registered voters determine how many votes we can embed.

[[Maricopa County|Maricopa]] [County] embed totals would be substantially higher than Pima’s due to embeds being based upon the total number of registered voters.

When I asked if this has been tested and how do we know it works, the answer was yes, and has shown success in Arizona judicial-retention elections since 2014, even undetectable in post-audits because no candidate will spend the kind of funds needed to audit and contact voters to verify votes in the full potential of total registered voters, which is more than 500,000 registered voters."<ref>https://www.dailysignal.com/2020/11/30/4-takeaways-from-arizonas-election-fraud-hearing/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=4-takeaways-from-arizonas-election-fraud-hearing</ref>}}
According to testimony from an MIT-trained mathematician, Biden may have received a weighted 130% total of Democrat votes in Maricopa County to help him win the state due to an algorithm programmed into the Dominion voting machines.<ref>[https://themichiganstar.com/2020/12/02/mathematician-says-biden-may-havereceived-130-percent-of-the-democrat-vote-in-maricopa-county-arizona/ Heine, Debra,“Mathematician Says Biden May Have Received 130 Percent of the Democrat Vote in Maricopa County, Arizona,]” December 2, 2020.</ref>

===2020 California===
California’s Office of Election Cybersecurity surveilled social media users and asked [[Facebook]], [[Twitter]], and [[Google]] to remove or flag social media postings as "misleading" election news content. SKDKnickerbocker, a communications company linked to the Biden campaign, was also involved. The company shared its “Misinformation Daily Briefings” with the California Secretary of State office, who then passed them on to the [[Big Tech]] [[social media]] giants a conspiracy against the [[First Amendment]] rights of Americans.<ref>https://www.ntd.com/california-officials-biden-linked-firm-colluded-with-big-tech-to-censor-election-posts-judicial-watch_604446.html</ref>

===Racism and voter suppression===
Democrats flipped all votes for [[Kanye West]] in Michigan to Joseph Biden.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/election-witnesses-kanyes-michigan-votes-stolen-democrats-joe-biden-video/?utm_source=Parler&utm_campaign=websitesharingbuttons</ref>

===Foreign collusion===
Di Dongsheng, a vice-dean at the School of International Relations at Renmin University in Beijing, made public statements before a large audience on November 28, 2020:
[[File:Nov. 3-4 2020 Chinese cyberattack.PNG|right|350px|thumb|Real time capture of Communist Chinese cyberattack on selected U.S. counties.]]
{{Quotebox-float|"We know that the Trump administration is in a trade war with us, so why can’t we fix the Trump administration? Why did China and the US used to be able to settle all kinds of issues between 1992 and 2016?" he asked. "I’m going to throw out something maybe a little bit explosive here. It’s just because we have people at the top. We have our old friends who are at the top of America’s core inner circle of power and influence."

"During the US-China trade war, [[Wall Street]] tried to help, and I know that my friends on the US side told me that they tried to help, but they couldn’t do much. But now we’re seeing Biden was elected, the traditional elite, the political elite, the establishment, they’re very close to Wall Street, so you see that, right?"

"Trump has been saying that Biden’s son has some sort of global foundation. Have you noticed that? Who helped [Hunter] build the foundations? Got it? There are a lot of deals inside all these."<ref>https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2020/12/08/top_chinese_intellectual_boasts_about_old_friends_who_are_at_the_top_of_americas_core_inner_circle_of_power_and_influence.html#!</ref><ref>https://youtu.be/lyQUtPEBBSA</ref><ref>https://thepostmillennial.com/watch-tucker-carlson-exposes-how-media-democrats-have-been-working-on-behalf-of-china/</ref>}}

===2020 Democrat primaries and caucuses===
====2020 Iowa Caucus====
:{{See also|2020 Iowa Democratic caucuses}}
Shadow, Inc. is the company that developed the Iowa and Nevada Democratic caucus app. FEC records show Buttigieg for America paid Shadow Inc. $42,000. Former Clinton campaign chairman [[Robby Mook]] vetted the app for the Democratic party.<ref>https://pjmedia.com/election/hoo-boy-hillarys-campaign-manager-was-involved-with-that-disastrous-iowa-caucus-app/</ref> Shadow, Inc. was launched by a dark money SuperPAC called Acronym,<ref>https://hotair.com/archives/john-s-2/2020/02/05/acronym-group-behind-shadow/</ref> headed by CEO Tara McGowan, a former journalist and [[Obama for America]] operative who is married to a senior advisor of the [[Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign]].<ref>https://consortiumnews.com/2020/02/06/group-that-sabotaged-iowa-caucus-begun-by-billionaire-backer-of-alabama-false-flag-campaign/</ref> Acronym was founded by billionaire Reid Hoffman, founder of LinkedIn. Hoffman funded Project Birmingham, a covert voter suppression and [[fake news]] campaign based on the Russian model during dirty the 2017 [[Doug Jones]]/[[Roy Moore]] [[Alabama]] Senate race. Obama crony [[David Plouffe]] sits on the board of Acronym.<ref>https://twitchy.com/samj-3930/2020/02/04/hoo-boy-reading-this-damning-thread-from-lee-fang-about-pete-buttigieg-and-shadow-inc-its-no-wonder-mayorcheat-is-trending/</ref>

On election night the Iowa Democratic party stopped counting when 98% of precincts were counted and Bernie Sanders was ahead by 2,500 votes. Only the the precincts that would likely help South Bend mayor [[Pete Buttigieg]] were recounted, and the remainder of precincts were weighted to Sanders. Under the apportionment system Buttigieg was awarded two more delegates and claimed victory, but Sanders won the statewide popular vote.<ref>http://www.dickmorris.com/democratic-race-whats-next-lunch-alert/</ref> Seven of the last nine winners of the Iowa Caucus went on to win the Democratic nomination, and the DNC rigged the election to prevent Sanders from gaining momentum from a victory. Of Buttigieg's 2 delegate margin of victory, 3 were awarded by coin toss.<ref>https://twitter.com/awzurcher/status/1224533900946485250</ref> Due to Democrat corruption and election rigging, the ''[[Associated Press]]'' refused to recognize Buttigieg's claim of victory.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/02/caucuses-in-iowa-run-so-poorly-associated-press-refuses-to-declare-winner/</ref>

====2020 Wisconsin primary====
In a lawsuit filed by [[Democratic party]] operatives concerned about the [[CCP pandemic]]’s effects on voting, federal District Judge William Conley (an [[Obama]] appointee) extended the deadline for receipt of mail-in ballots from Tuesday, April 7, 2020 (the primary-election day), to Monday afternoon, April 13. That aspect of the federal district court’s ruling was not in dispute. Judge Conley, however, directed that [[absentee ballot]]s were eligible to be counted regardless of the date of post mark or otherwise delivered, as long as they came in by the April 13 deadline. In effect, that meant absentee ballots could be cast after in-person primary voting had closed on April 7.

This meant the election could be materially altered by events occurring after formal conclusion of the [[primary election]] — not least, news about the apparent election result. To address this problem, Judge Conley further ordered the Wisconsin Election Commission and election inspectors to suppress any report of the voting results until after the new April 13 deadline for the receipt of absentee ballots.<ref>https://www.nationalreview.com/2020/04/the-supreme-courts-misunderstood-ruling-on-wisconsins-coronavirus-primary/</ref> Democrat Gov. [[Tony Evers]] then banned in person voting in the April 7, 2020 primary. The Wisconsin Supreme Court then ruled Evers exceeded his authority with his [[Executive Order]] to cancel elections.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zEIrRZpwsqQ</ref> The same day [[SCOTUS]] ruled to stay a district court order that had extended the absentee voting deadline. As a result, the absentee ballot postmark and in-person return deadlines were reinstated to April 7, 2020.<ref>https://ballotpedia.org/Democratic_Party_primaries_in_Wisconsin,_2020</ref> The issue was that authority did not rest with the courts or the governor and there was no time to reschedule. [[Fake news]] media, of course, was quick to blame Republicans for the Democrat's lawsuit and the Democratic governor's overreach of [[executive branch]] authority.<ref>https://www.facebook.com/dan.bongino/videos/775321722874199/</ref> Democrat operative [[James Carville]] again stole the spotlight as the most [[demagogic]].<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/clips/2020/04/08/carville-wisconsin-primary-proved-republicans-will-kill-people-to-stay-in-power/</ref> ''The Wisconsin State Journal'' reported three weeks after the voting that Wisconsin's rate of infection actually declined after in-person voting.<ref>https://madison.com/wsj/news/local/health-med-fit/no-bump-in-covid-19-rates-after-wisconsins-april-7-election-study-says/article_b1aade1d-abec-5fc2-92fb-e1c64ccbc92f.html</ref>

After [[Wisconsin]] voted, Sanders quit, pledging to toe the CCP/DNC party line; however an ''ABC/Washington Post'' poll showed 15% of Sanders supporters will support President Trump in the November general election.<ref>https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2020/03/29/bernie-sanders-supporters-vote-trump-over-biden-poll/2936124001/</ref> Sanders press secretary immediately ripped off the mask, saying in a tweet that she can now drop "Democratic" from explaining why "Democratic Socialism" is good.<ref>https://summit.news/2020/04/08/bernies-press-secretary-now-i-can-drop-democratic-from-democratic-socialism/</ref> With Sanders out and the nomination locked up, Barack Hussein Obama still failed to endorse Biden.

====2020 Georgia primary====
[[File:Shaya Moss.png|right|300px|thumb|Shaya Moss, the Fulton County Georgia supervisor of registration, stuffed the ballot box with tens of thousands of votes for Joe Biden on the night of November 3, 2020 and in the early morning hours after.<ref>https://youtu.be/NCgSFoD0bK0</ref>]]
:{{See also|2020 Democrat primaries#Dominion Election Systems}}
Jeff Carlson of ''[[The Epoch Times]]'' reported the findings of Harri Hursti, an acknowledged expert on electronic voting security. Hursti provided a first-hand description of problems during the June 9, 2020 statewide primary election and runoff elections on August 11, 2020. Hursti summarized his findings:
*“The scanner and tabulation [[software]] settings being employed to determine which votes to count on hand marked paper ballots are likely causing clearly intentioned votes not to be counted”
*“The voting system is being operated in Fulton County in a manner that escalates the security risk to an extreme level.”
*“Voters are not reviewing their BMD [Ballot Marking Devices] printed ballots, which causes BMD generated results to be un-auditable due to the untrustworthy audit trail.”

During the runoff elections, on the night of August 11, 2020, Hursti was present at the Fulton County Election Preparation Center to observe the “upload of the memory devices coming in from the precincts to the [[Dominion Election Management System]] [EMS] server.” During this observation, Hursti noted that “system problems were recurring and the Dominion technicians operating the system were struggling with the upload process.”

Hursti also noted that it appeared that Dominion personnel were the only ones with knowledge of, and access to, the Dominion server. As Hursti stated in his declaration, “In my conversations with Derrick Gilstrap and other Fulton County Elections Department EPC personnel, they professed to have limited knowledge of or control over the EMS server and its operations.”

Hursti noted that this wholesale outsourcing of the operation of voting equipment to the vendor’s personnel was “highly unusual in my experience and of grave concern from a security and conflict of interest perspective.” Hursti referred to Dominion’s onsite operation and access as “an elevated risk factor.”

Hursti also noted that the Dell computers running the Dominion server appeared not to have been “hardened”—the process of “securing a system by reducing its surface of vulnerability.” Hursti said that he found it “unacceptable for an EMS server not to have been hardened prior to installation.”

Hursti observed that computers used in Georgia’s system for vote processing appeared to have “home/small business companion software packages” on them. This raised areas of significant concern for Hursti as he noted: “[O]ne of the first procedures of hardening is removal of all unwanted software, and removal of those game icons and the associated games and installers alongside with all other software which is not absolutely needed in the computer for election processing purposes would be one of the first and most basic steps in the hardening process. In my professional opinion, independent inquiry should be promptly made of all 159 counties to determine if the Dominion systems statewide share this major deficiency.”

Hursti discovered that one of the computers had an icon for a 2017 computer game called “Homescapes” which Hursti noted called into question whether “all Georgia Dominion system computers have the same operating system version, or how the game has come to be having a presence in Fulton’s Dominion voting system.”

Hursti also found a troubling blend of old and new equipment which carried additional security risks due to a lack of patch updates: “Although this Dominion voting system is new to Georgia, the Windows 10 operating system of at least the ‘main’ computer in the rack has not been updated for 4 years and carries a wide range of well-known and publicly disclosed vulnerabilities.”

Hursti noted that the lack of “hardening” created security risks even for computers that were not connected to the internet. He observed that when flash drives were connected to the server, the “media was automounted by the operating system. When the operating system is automounting a storage media, the operating system starts automatically to interact with the device.”

Hursti noted that the management of Fulton County’s EMS server appeared to be an “ad hoc operation with no formalized process.” This seemed particularly apparent in relation to the process of storage media coming in from various precincts throughout the night: “This kind of operation i[s] naturally prone to human errors. I observed personnel calling on the floor asking if all vote carrying compact flash cards had been delivered from the early voting machines for processing, followed by later finding additional cards which had been overlooked in apparent human error. Later, I heard again one technician calling on the floor asking if all vote carrying compact flashes had been delivered. This clearly demonstrates lack of inventory management which should be in place to ensure, among other things, that no rogue storage devices would be inserted into the computer. In response, 3 more compact flash cards were hand-delivered. Less than 5 minutes later, I heard one of the county workers say that additional card was found and was delivered for processing. All these devices were trusted by printed label only and no comparison to an inventory list of any kind was performed.”

Hursti also observed that “operations were repeatedly performed directly on the operating system.” The election software has no visibility into the operations of the operating system, which creates additional auditing problems, and as Hursti noted, “Unless the system is configured properly to collect file system auditing data is not complete. As the system appears not to be hardened, it is unlikely that the operating system has been configured to collect auditing data.”

Raising even greater concerns was the apparent “complete access” that Dominion personnel appeared to have into the computer system. Hursti observed Dominion technicians troubleshooting error messages with a “trial-and-error” approach which included access into the “Computer Management” application, indicating complete access in Hursti’s opinion.

As he stated in his declaration, “This means there are no meaningful access separation and privileges and roles controls protecting the county’s primary election servers. This also greatly amplifies the risk of catastrophic human error and malicious program execution.”

During these attempts to resolve the various issues that were occurring in real-time, Hursti noted that it appeared as though Dominion staff shifted from on-site attempts at remediation to off-site troubleshooting:
{{quotebox-float|“The Dominion staff member walked behind the server rack and made manual manipulations which could not be observed from my vantage point. After that they moved with their personal laptops to a table physically farther away from the election system and stopped trying different ways to work around the issue in front of the server, and no longer talked continuously with their remote help over phone.

In the follow-up-calls I overheard them ask people on the other end of the call to check different things, and they only went to a computer and appeared to test something and subsequently take a picture of the computer screen with a mobile phone and apparently send it to a remote location.”

Hursti stated that this “created a strong mental impression that the troubleshooting effort was being done remotely over remote access to key parts of the system.”}}
Hursti also noted that a “new wireless access point with a hidden SSID access point name appeared in the active [[Wi-Fi]] stations list” that he was monitoring.

All of this raised material alarms for Hursti, who noted that
{{quotebox-float|“If in fact remote access was arranged and granted to the server, this has gravely serious implications for the security of the new Dominion system. Remote access, regardless how it is protected and organized is always a security risk, but furthermore it is transfer of control out of the physical perimeters and deny any ability to observe the activities.”<ref>https://themarketswork.com/2020/11/15/pre-election-concerns-over-dominion-voting-systems-highlighted-in-georgia-lawsuit/</ref>}}

==2018==
:{{See also|2018 Midterm elections}}
===2018 California===
[[California]]’s 2016 AB 1921 significantly amended election law by making the practice of ballot harvesting legal. That amendment significantly altered the race there in 2018:
{{quotebox|“And so, as the polls closed on election day, no less than six California Republican House candidates…were ahead in their respective races, some comfortably enough to declare victory and move on with plans for the next Congressional term. However, as absentee and provisional ballot results rolled in over the next few days and weeks, the vast majority of which predictably favored Democrats, their Democratic opponents managed to ‘find’ enough votes to snatch victory from the jaws of defeat. 

The change was a small but significant one. California, in its infinite wisdom, decided to make the practice of “ballot harvesting” legal. Thus, instead of only relatives or those living in the same household being allowed to legally collect and turn in absentee ballots for voters – as was previously the law – any “third party” can do it, including activist groups, Democratic operatives, or street-corner panhandlers."<ref>https://uncoverdc.com/2020/09/25/election-fraud-becomes-a-focus-in-the-2020-election/</ref>}}

===2018 Florida===
On November 8, two days after the 2018 midterm election, Marc Elias traveled to Broward County, [[Florida]] to represent Democrats.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/clinton-campaign-lawyer-with-ties-to-trump-dossier-leads-democrat-recount-effort-in-florida</ref> A judge ruled county Democrat election officials violated Florida's public records laws and the state constitution, and ordered the county election supervisor to disclose the total number of ballots cast and the total number remaining to be counted.<ref>https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/courts/florida-judge-sides-with-rick-scott-orders-broward-county-elections-head-to-release-vote-counts?_amp=true</ref> Tampering and chain of custody issues were litigated.<ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/38162/rubio-heres-more-evidence-potential-voting-law-james-barrett</ref><ref>https://twitter.com/Str8DonLemon/status/1061991384369020929</ref> Lawyers for Democrats want to count the votes on non-[[U.S. citizen]]s.<ref>https://www.zerohedge.com/news/2018-11-10/democratic-lawyers-object-non-citizen-ballot-being-thrown-out</ref>

===2018 New Mexico===
Following Rep. [[Steve Pearce]]'s announcement that he would run for governor rather than seek re-election to another House term in 2018,<ref>[https://www.koat.com/article/gop-rep-steve-pearce-runs-for-governor-will-leave-congress/10283073 Congressman Pearce announces run for governor]</ref> [[Yvette Herrell]] ran for the seat, winning the Republican primary and facing Democrat [[Xochitl Torres Small]]. Herrell was initially declared the winner of the race on Election Night, but "lost" after several thousand ballots were "mysteriously discovered".<ref>Two references:
*[https://100percentfedup.com/declared-gop-winner-in-new-mexicos-congressional-race-says-race-is-being-stolen-after-democrat-sec-of-state-magically-finds-8000-uncounted-votes/ DECLARED GOP WINNER In New Mexico’s Congressional Race Says Race Is Being “Stolen” After Democrat Sec Of State “Magically” Finds 8,000 Uncounted Votes]
*[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2018/11/another-stolen-race-nm-democrat-rep-small-wins-reelection-after-8000-ballots-found-in-a-warehouse/ MORE DEMOCRAT TRICKS: GOP Candidate Wins NM Seat in Congress – Then Magic Stash of 8,000 Ballots Turns Up (VIDEO)]</ref> Despite claims made by liberals that there supposedly was no evidence of election fraud, a later audit as reported by the ''Daily Signal'' found signs of such.<ref name="EXCLUSIVE: Audit Finds Signs of Fraud in New Mexico House Race"/> Herrell refused to concede the race due to it likely having been stolen.<ref>Multiple references:
*[https://apnews.com/article/5b60440d91e64e39a0d3ace26089d475 Republican Herrell not conceding US House race in New Mexico]
*[https://www.newsmax.com/john-gizzi/new-mexico-xochiti-torres-small-yvette-harrell-voter-integrity/2018/11/12/id/890393/ Republican Yvette Herrell Will Not Concede NM-2 Race]
*[https://www.krqe.com/news/new-mexico/herrell-refusing-to-concede-in-2nd-congressional-district-race/ Herrell refusing to concede in 2nd Congressional District race]</ref>

==2016==
[[File:Harvey-weinstein-Hillary-clinton-dinner-with-after-election-loss (2).jpg|right|200px|thumb|'''Hillary Clinton dines with Hollywood [[oligarch]] and Democrat mega-donor Harvey Weinstein after the 2016 election, December 13, 2016.''' Weinstein, a charter founder of the Clinton Legal Defense Fund organized to defend President Clinton from sexual harassment and assault charges, has been accused of [[rape]] by 97 women.<ref>https://www.businessinsider.com/list-of-women-who-have-accused-harvey-weinstein-of-sexual-harassment-or-assault-2017-10</ref> Hillary has posed as crusader for Women's Rights throughout heer career.]]
:{{See also|Hillary Rodham Clinton}}

[[Marc Elias]] paid [[FusionGPS]] for the ''[[Steele dossier]]'' on behalf of the [[Hillary for America]] campaign and the [[Democratic National Committee]].<ref>https://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/russia-perkins-coie-clinton-dossier-meet-the-democratic-law-firm-behind-the-russian-collusion-narrative/</ref> The ''Steele dossier'' was used by the [[Barack Obama|Obama]] [[FBI]] to hoax the [[FISA court]] into granting [[surveillance]] warrants to [[spy]] on the [[2016 Trump campaign]], [[Trump transition]], and [[Trump administration]].<ref>[https://theconservativetreehouse.com/2020/03/08/doj-political-surveillance-from-the-irs-in-2011-to-the-fisa-court-in-2016/ DOJ Political Surveillance – From the IRS in 2011 to the FISA Court in 2016], Posted on March 8, 2020 by sundance. theconservativetreehouse.com</ref><ref>https://www.investors.com/politics/editorials/memo-fbi-used-tainted-steele-dossier-paid-for-by-hillary-clinton-as-reason-to-spy-on-trump/</ref> Elias lied to ''[[New York Times]]'' reporters regarding the employment of FusionGPS.<ref>https://twitter.com/kenvogel/status/922955410327425027?s=20</ref>

====2016 Democrat operatives incite violence at Trump rallies====
[[Project Veritas]] uncovered a nationwide Democrat effort to incite violence at Trump rallies.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2016/10/18/politics/project-veritas-action-robert-creamer-donald-trump-rallies/index.html</ref><ref>https://youtu.be/YH7GIT4qUPE</ref>

====2016 Democrat primaries====
The Democrat primary was rigged against Bernie Sanders and in favor of Hillary Clinton, and the party was shown to be helping Clinton behind the scenes.<ref>Griffin, Andrew (November 9, 2016). [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-elections/bernie-sanders-us-election-president-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-democrats-primary-results-a7408451.html Donald Trump won election because Democrats rigged system to have Clinton beat Bernie Sanders, says WikiLeaks]. ''The Independent''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref><ref>Hoft, Jim (October 18, 2016). [https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2016/10/obama-lectures-media-integrity-elections-forgets-democrats-just-rigged-primary-bernie/ Obama Lectures Trump on "Rigged" Elections — Forgets That Democrats Just Rigged Primary Against Bernie]. ''The Gateway Pundit''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref> In addition, the Democrat primary has "superdelegates", who are made up of party leaders and can vote for whomever they want regardless of what the primary voters want.<ref>Resnikoff, Ned (May 16, 2016). [http://www.ibtimes.com/political-capital/why-will-superdelegates-decide-2016-democratic-primary-unearthed-documents-hold Why Will Superdelegates Decide The 2016 Democratic Primary? Unearthed Documents Hold The Key]. ''International Business Times''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref> Even the leftist website [[Salon Media Group]] believed the primary was rigged.<ref>Demoro, Roseann (March 30, 2016). [https://www.salon.com/2016/03/30/10_ways_the_democratic_primary_has_been_rigged_from_the_start_partner/ 10 ways the Democratic primary has been rigged from the start]. ''Salon''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref>

The Democrat Iowa Caucus was very chaotic, poorly run, and whose results were very questionable.<ref>Samuelson, Darren (February 8, 2016). [https://www.politico.com/story/2016/02/how-iowa-democrats-couldnt-handle-a-two-candidate-race-218934 Inside the Iowa caucus chaos]. ''Politico''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref><ref>Tuttle, Ian (February 5, 2016). [https://www.nationalreview.com/article/430878/hillary-clintons-iowa-victory-transparent-irregularities Iowa's Transparently Dishonest Democratic Caucus]. ''National Review''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref><ref>Jacobs, Jennifer (February 3, 2016). [http://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/elections/presidential/caucus/2016/02/02/iowas-nightmare-revisited-correct-winner-called-caucus-night/79702010/ Iowa's nightmare revisited: Was correct winner called?] ''The Des Moines Register''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref> It was reported that the results of 90 precincts, about 5 percent of the vote, went missing.<ref>[http://conservativetribune.com/iowa-caucus-democrat-party/ Iowa Democrat Party Issues Stunning Announcement About Caucus Results]. ''Conservative Tribune''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref>

Donna Brazile, the interim DNC Chair, shared Democrat primary town hall questions to the Clinton campaign in order to help her win the primary.<ref>Shaw, Adam (March 17, 2017). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/03/17/brazile-admits-forwarded-debate-questions-to-clinton-camp.html Brazile admits she forwarded town hall questions to Clinton camp]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved March 17, 2017.</ref><ref>Ernst, Douglas (March 17, 2017). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/mar/17/donna-brazile-admits-leaking-debate-questions-to-c/ Donna Brazile admits leaking debate questions to Clinton camp: 'A mistake I will forever regret']. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved March 17, 2017.</ref> She continued to deny this fact through February 2017<ref>Scarry, Eddie (March 17, 2017). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/donna-brazile-finally-admits-she-shared-debate-questions-with-clinton-campaign/article/2617742 Donna Brazile finally admits she shared debate questions with Clinton campaign]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved March 17, 2017.</ref> and blamed [[Russia]] for the ordeal.<ref>Hudson, Jerome (March 18, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/03/18/donna-brazile-admits-to-sharing-debate-questions-with-clinton-camp-blames-russia/ Donna Brazile Admits to Sharing Debate Questions With Clinton Camp, Blames Russia]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 18, 2017.</ref>

Per election, an individual donor can contribute $2,700 to any candidate, $10,000 to any state party committee, and (during the 2016 cycle) $33,400 to a national party's main account. These groups can all get together and take a single check from a donor for the sum of those contribution limits — it's legal because the donor cannot exceed the base limit for any one recipient. State parties however can make unlimited transfers to the national party.

In 2014 the [[Supreme Court]] made clear in ''McCutcheon v. FEC'', the Joint Finance Committee (JFC) may not solicit or accept contributions to circumvent base limits, through "earmarks" and "straw men" that are ultimately excessive — there are five separate prohibitions.

Six-figure donations to the Clinton machine either never actually passed through state party accounts or were never actually under state party control, which adds false FEC reporting violations by the Hillary Victory Fund (HVF), state parties, and the DNC to other violations.

Donna Brazile and others admitted that the DNC placed the funds under the Clinton campaign's direct control, a massive breach of campaign finance law. Democratic donors, knowing the funds would end up with Clinton's campaign, wrote six-figure checks to influence the election — 100 times larger than allowed. HVF bundled these megagifts and, on a single day, reported transferring money to all participating state parties, some of which would then show up on FEC reports filed by the DNC as transferring the exact same dollar amount on the exact same day to the DNC. Yet not all the state parties reported either receiving or transferring those sums.<ref>https://www.investors.com/politics/commentary/the-anatomy-of-hillary-clintons-84-million-money-laundering-scheme/</ref>
[[File:Sethrich-e1494948876256.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Seth Rich (1989-2016) was a Sanders' supporter who leaked DNC emails to WikiLeaks. His bullet ridden body was found on a dark Washington DC street two weeks before Hillary's nominating convention.]]
Clinton talking points emphasized the idea that US intelligence, the same people who brought you the [[WMD]] debacle, claim Russia and Putin were responsible for the hack of [[DNC]] servers which resulted in the firing of Democratic National Committee Chair [[Debbie Wasserman Schultz]]. This presumably would exonerate anyone connected with the DNC or Clinton campaign from complicity in the Murder of Seth Rich.

The Democratic National Committee (DNC) emails provided by [[Wikileaks]] showed clear [[collusion]] between Clinton, [[mainstream media]] outlets, and the DNC to smear [[Bernie Sanders]]. Thousands of hopeful millennials felt betrayed by the Democratic party. DNC Chair Debbie Wasserman Schultz was forced out on the eve of the convention, less than 24 hours after dozens of emails were published by Wikileaks showing her and her staff rigging the primary elections for Hillary Clinton.

Wikileaks founder [[Julian Assange]] offered $20,000 cash reward for the arrest and conviction of Seth Rich's killers or killer, the alleged [[Whistleblower Statutes|whistleblower]] who provided the DNC emails to Wikileaks and was murdered execution style in early July 2016. Hillary says of Assange in an email, "Can't we just drone this guy?"<ref>http://truepundit.com/under-intense-pressure-to-silence-wikileaks-secretary-of-state-hillary-clinton-proposed-drone-strike-on-julian-assange/</ref> To silence Assange, Wikileaks internet access was cut by the government of Ecuador after the release of Hillary's private paid speech to [[Goldman Sachs]]. Wikileaks Director, Prof. Gavin Macfayden, was found dead the following week. Macfayden's death was the third of a close associate of Assange in 6 months.<ref>https://mobile.twitter.com/wikileaks/status/790004642038050816/photo/1</ref>

===2016 Google interference===
Dr. Robert Epstein of the American Institute for Behavioral Research and Technology testified before Congress that [[Google]] bias and meddling had shifted "between 2.6 million and up to 10.4 million votes" to Hillary Clinton.<ref>https://www.powerlineblog.com/archives/2019/08/psychologist-google-generated-at-least-2-6-million-votes-for-hillary.php</ref>

==2012==
====2012 Experimental voting software, precincts with no Romney votes in PA and OH====
The key battleground states of Pennsylvania and Ohio interestingly had many precincts recording no votes for Romney at all,<ref>Miller, J. (2012, November 12). [https://www.cbsnews.com/8301-250_162-57548626/romney-earned-zero-votes-in-some-urban-precincts Romney Earned Zero Votes In Some Urban Precincts]. CBS News.</ref> this after voting scandals with experimental voting software.<ref>Sherman, E. (2012, November 6). [https://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505124_162-57545531/ohio-faces-controversy-over-voting-machines-update Ohio Faces Controversy Over Voting Machines]. CBS News.</ref>

===2012 Florida===
====Joe Garcia staffer====
The Chief of Staff for Democrat Rep. Joe Garcia resigned in June 2013 for his role in a voter fraud scheme whereby hundreds of absentee ballots were fraudulently submitted. The fraud occurred in an election where Garcia defeated [[Republican Party|Republican]] candidate [[David Rivera]].<ref>(2013, June 2). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/06/02/top-staffer-for-florida-democratic-rep-resigns-amid-voting-fraud-probe Top staffer for Florida Democratic Rep. Garcia resigns amid voting fraud probe]. Associated Press. Prill, K. (2013, July 17). [http://www.nrcc.org/2013/07/17/democrat-hush-money-over-voter-fraud-scandal-in-florida Democrat Hush Money Over Voter Fraud Scandal in Florida?]. National Republican Campaign Committee.</ref>

====Democrat voter suppression====
[[Florida]] Republican voters statewide received letters postmarked from [[Seattle]] saying they weren't eligible to vote.<ref>(2012, October 24). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2012/10/23/fake-voter-registration-letters-raise-alarm-in-florida-with-early-voting-set-to Fake voter registration letters raise alarm in Florida with early voting set to begin]. FOX News.</ref>

===2012 Ohio===
====Melowese Richardson====
Melowese Richardson, an [[Ohio]] Democratic poll worker was one of three Democrats charged with voter fraud.<ref>Shawn, E. (2013, March 11). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/03/11/cincinnati-poll-worker-charged-with-voting-half-dozen-times-in-november Cincinnati poll worker charged with voting half dozen times in November]. FOX News.</ref>
====2012 OH Tea Party obeservers blocked from poll monitoring====
Ohio's Franklin County blocked a [[Tea Party]] group, True the [[Vote]], from monitoring polling places.<ref>Flock, E. (2012, November 6). [https://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/washington-whispers/2012/11/06/true-the-vote-barred-from-operating-in-franklin-county-ohio True The Vote Barred From Operating In Franklin County, Ohio]. FOX News.</ref>

====2012 OH GOP candidates pressured by DNC to withdraw as poll observers====
The Ohio Democratic Party pressured Ohio candidates to withdraw as poll observers.<ref>Gamboa, S., Lush, T., et. al. (2012, November 6). [https://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/politics/july-dec12/pollproblems_11-06.html Poll Problems Cropping Up in Spots Around US]. PBS NewsHour.</ref>

===2012 Pennsylvania===
====2012 GOP polling observers blocked====
In the [[2012 presidential election]], [[Republican]] polling inspectors were blocked from polling places in the Democrat-ruled city. Rob Gleason, chairman of the [[Pennsylvania]] Republican Party, stated, "This was a shameless attempt from the Obama campaign to suppress our legally appointed Republican poll watchers."<ref>Curry, C. & De Vogue, A. (2012, November 6). [https://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/jersey-extends-email-voting-friday-election-workers-inundated/story?id=17653589&page=2 N.J. Extends Email Voting to Friday, Other States Hurry to Fix Polling Problems]. ABC News.</ref> [[Barack Obama]] received 100% of the vote in 59 Philadelphia precincts with zero votes for [[Mitt Romney]].<ref>[http://www.philly.com/philly/news/politics/20121112_In_59_Philadelphia_voting_wards__Mitt_Romney_got_zero_votes.html?mobi=true]</ref>

====Obama Mural At Poll====
In Philadelphia, a mural of Obama at a polling place was covered up after a Republican voter took a picture of it.<ref>Miller, J.R., Berger, J., & Weber, J. (2012, November 6). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2012/11/06/judge-issuing-order-to-reinstate-booted-philadelphia-election-officials Philly poll workers partially cover Obama mural after court order, leaving logo and quote in view]. FOX News.</ref>
===2012 Massachusetts===
====State Rep. Guilty of Forging Absentee Ballots====
A state representative for the Democratic Party, Stephen Smith of Everett, [[Massachusetts]], resigned in December for forging absentee ballots.<ref>(2012, December 20). [http://livewire.talkingpointsmemo.com/entry/mass-democrat-admits-absentee-voter-fraud Mass. Democrat Admits Absentee Voter Fraud]. TPM.</ref> According to the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]], "For those absentee ballots issued to unaware voters, one or more government officials assisted Smith in intercepting the ballots prior to their delivery to the voters’ addresses, and those ballots were cast for the unaware voters."<ref>(2012, December 20). [http://www.fbi.gov/boston/press-releases/2012/massachusetts-state-representative-stephen-smith-agrees-to-plead-guilty-to-voter-fraud-charges Massachusetts State Representative Stephen Smith Agrees to Plead Guilty to Voter Fraud Charges]. FBI. Boston Division.</ref>
===Result===
Obama won narrowly in 3 states with Democrat-influenced voter scandals, which combined equaled 67 electoral votes. If not for those states Obama wouldn't have won.

*Florida: 50.0% to 49.1%, 29 Electoral Votes
*Ohio: 50.1% to 48.2%, 18 Electoral Votes
*Pennsylvania: 52.0% to 46.8%, 20 Electoral Votes

Obama had 332 electoral votes, [[Mitt Romney|Romney]] 206. If those 3 states were overturned (-67 to Obama, +67 to Romney), Romney would lead instead by 273 to 265.<ref>[https://www.politico.com/2012-election/map/#/President/2012/ 2012 Presidential Election]. Politico.</ref>

==2010==
===2010 California Attorney General===
*[[Kamala Harris]] was declared the winner after three weeks by 74,000 with 9.6 million votes cast, or by a margin of about 7/10 of one percent.

===2010 Nevada Senate===
Despite low approval ratings and a strong challenge amid suspicions of voting irregularities, Democrat Majority Leader Harry Reid was declared the winner. Some voters complained that their ballot had been cast before they went to the polls, raising questions about Clark County’s electronic voting machines. Others claimed electronic voting machines switched straight-party ballots from Republican to Democrat.<ref>http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/early-voting-irregularities-create-suspicion-of-fraud/</ref>

==2009==
===2009 New York===
====NYC Officials Plead Guilty of Forging Absentee Ballots====
Democratic voter fraud in New York City led to multiple guilty pleas from Democratic election officials.
{{cquote|"Former Troy Democratic City Clerk William McInerney, Democratic Councilman [[John Brown]], and Democratic political operatives Anthony Renna and Anthony DeFiglio have entered guilty pleas in the case, in which numerous signatures were allegedly forged on absentee ballots in the 2009 Working Families Party primary, the political party that was associated with the now-defunct community group, [[ACORN]]."<ref>Huston, W.T. [http://www.truethevote.org/news/eighth-democrat-named-in-new-york-vote-fraud-probe Eighth Democrat Named in New York Vote Fraud Probe]. True the Vote.</ref>}}

==2008==
[[File:ACORN VOTER FRAUD.JPG|right|275px|thumb|Key: States in red where ACORN has been investigated for voter fraud.]]
:''See also:[[Essay:Evidence for Electoral Fraud in the 2008 Presidential Election|Evidence for Electoral Fraud in the 2008 Presidential Election]]''
===2008 ACORN===
When [[ACORN]] was questioned regarding their tactics, they reply with an attack of their own, [[voter suppression]]. Teresa James, an attorney for ACORN affiliate Project Vote says, "they don't have the resources," to catch all fraud. However, ACORN has the money to air commercials nationwide. In it, blaming racism and vote suppression, not ACORN.<ref>[http://www.cleveland.com/plaindealer/stories/index.ssf?/base/cuyahoga/122345478771640.xml&coll=2 Voter-registration can't be totally fraud-free, group says], [[The Plain Dealer]], October 08, 2008</ref>

It was believed that ACORN has helped register over 1.27 million people nationwide. Michael Slater, executive director of Project Vote, told the [[New York Times]] that the real number of newly registered [[voters]] is closer to 450,000. About 400,000 registrations were rejected by election officials for a variety of reasons including fraud.<ref>[https://www.newsmax.com/insidecover/acorn_numbers_exaggerated/2008/10/24/143773.html ACORN Numbers Vastly Exaggerated] NewsMax, October 24, 2008</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/24/us/politics/24acorn.html Group’s Tally of New Voters Was Vastly Overstated], [[The New York Times]], October 24, 2008</ref>

* [[Nevada]] officials raided ACORN's [[Las Vegas]] office after election authorities accused the group of submitting multiple voter registrations with fake and duplicate names. Among the bogus monikers: names of former [[Dallas Cowboys]] players.

* Lake County, Ind., election officials this month rejected thousands of registration forms ACORN had turned in from its drives. On a conference call yesterday, [[GOP]] officials noted that up to 11,000 of the applications were no good - tying up election officials and jeopardizing the voting rights of untold victims whose identities may have been stolen. At least 2,100 of the applications turned in were rejected.<ref>[http://www.capitalresearch.org/blog/?p=1443 A Perfect Score for ACORN in Indiana!]</ref>

* ACORN vote canvassers had pulled names and addresses from phone books and forged signatures. According to a local paper (the Northwest [[Indiana]] and Illinois Times), "Large numbers of voter registration forms bore signatures all in the same apparent handwriting style" and "apparently the organization's canvassers broke rules to meet ACORN-set voter registration quotas to get paid." The fake registrants include dead people and underage kids. Also, there were 5000 more voter registrations in Indiana than voters.

* [[Milwaukee]], Wisc., officials discovered at least seven felons employed as voter-registration workers for ACORN and another affiliated group. (State law bans felons from such work.) They also uncovered a raft of problematic voter-registration cards. The state GOP accuses the group of trying to get dead, imprisoned or imaginary people on the voter rolls. Fraud has plagued ACORN's Milwaukee chapter since the last election cycle. 26 ACORN workers are facing criminal investigations.

* In [[Florida]], in Orange County alone, ACORN workers turned in multiple, copycat forms for six separate voters over the summer. The Miami Herald reports: "One individual had 21 duplicate applications."

* In Ohio, large numbers of homeless people got free van and bus rides to register. Shelby Holliday, a reporter for Palestra.net, filmed ACORN shuttling in some prospects. Homeless including felons were registered with an undocumented temporary address.<ref>[http://www.nypost.com/seven/10082008/postopinion/opedcolumnists/the_pro_barack_vote_fraud_drive_132618.htm?page=0 THE PRO-BARACK VOTE-FRAUD DRIVE], [[New York Post]], October 8, 2008</ref> Also, Christopher Barkley claimed that they were hounded by the community-activist group ACORN to register to vote several times, even though they made it clear they'd already signed up. He had registered to vote "10 to 15" times after canvassers for ACORN relentlessly pursued him and others. A subpoenaed voter of Cuyahoga County, Freddie Johnson, 19, filled out registration cards 72 times over 18 months<ref>[http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/2101201/posts NUTS! HOW ACORN GOT ME INTO VOTE SCAM], [[New York Post]]</ref> On October 14, 2008, the Buckeye Institute filed a RICO suit against ACORN for vote fraud.<ref>[http://www.capitalresearch.org/blog/?p=1502 ACORN Faces "RICO" Lawsuit in Ohio]</ref>

* In [[Pennsylvania]], The Allegheny County district attorney said Thursday that criminal charges could result from nearly 100 fraudulent voter registrations submitted in the Pittsburgh area.<ref>[http://obamaacorn.com/acorn-may-face-new-charges-in-pa-update-video-added-hotair/ ACORN may face new charges in PA] ObamaAcorn.com, October 10, 2008</ref>

* In [[Michigan]], Oakland County election officials found more than 33,000 duplicate registrations, about two-thirds of new applications since August and ACORN canvassers submitted most of those applications.<ref>[https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/oct/10/obama-camp-downplays-ACORN-payments/?page=2 Obama camp downplays ACORN payments], [[Washington Times]], October 10, 2008</ref>

* Evidence has surfaced that ACORN and Barack Obama are intimately linked. The article, “Case Study: Chicago-The Barack Obama Campaign,” which appeared in the Winter 2003-Spring 2004 issue of Social Policy magazine, was written by ACORN organizer Toni Foulkes.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081023000508/http://www.capitalresearch.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/chicago-the-barack-obama-campaign.pdf Case Study: Chicago - The Barack Obama Campaign]</ref>

*The [[New York Times]] admitted in May 2009, that prior to the presidential election it killed a story involving corruption allegations with Acorn that might have hurt the Obama presidential campaign. The admission came from a column by Clark Hoyt, where he describe the allegations against the Obama campaign and Acorn as "nonsense." <ref>[http://spectator.org/blog/2009/05/18/new-york-times-finally-admits New York Times Finally Admits It Spiked Obama/ACORN Corruption Story], [[American Spectator]] May 18, 2009</ref>

===2008 Minnesota===
[[File:alfrankendiapers.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Sen. Al Franken.]]
Marc Elias represented [[Al Franken]] in [[Minnesota]]. The recount may have been decided by convicted [[felon]]s who voted illegally. A study conducted by Minnesota Majority watchdog group found that at least 341 convicted felons in largely Democratic [[Minneapolis]]-[[St. Paul (City)|St. Paul]] voted illegally in the 2008 Senate race. The felons were registered by [[ACORN]].

The final recount determined six months after the election showed Franken beat Coleman by 312 votes -- '''''fewer votes than the number of felons whose illegal ballots were counted''''' which matched publicly available conviction lists with voting records. Even though it could be determined that felons illegally voted, there was no way to determine ''how'' they voted with a secret ballot. Once their votes were mixed in with the total, there is no way to separate them out. The same loophole can be used for non-citizens' voting. This is what is meant by the slogan, "Count every vote."

The watchdog group took the voting lists and matched them with conviction lists, then went to the voting roster lists, where voters sign in before voting, and matched them.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2010/07/12/felons-voting-illegally-franken-minnesota-study-finds/ Felons Voting Illegally May Have Put Franken Over the Top in Minnesota, Study Finds]</ref>

[[Ann Coulter]] said,
{{quotebox|"He stole the 2008 election in Minnesota, going from a thousand votes down the day after the election to 300 votes up a few months later, after vast numbers of Franken votes kept being discovered in heavily Democratic districts. As economist [[John Lott]] pointed out at the time, the magically appearing votes for Franken were a statistical impossibility."<ref>http://www.anncoulter.com/columns/2013-10-30.html</ref>}}

===2008 Philadelphia===
The city of Philadelphia has a majority of voters affiliated with the [[Democrat Party]]. As of November, 2008, there are 1,126,768 registered voters in Philadelphia. Of those, 880,684 are registered with the Democrat Party, and 147,074 are registered with the [[Republican Party]].<ref>http://www.dos.state.pa.us/elections/cwp/view.asp?A=1310&Q=446974</ref> Despite overwhelming evidence of [[voter suppression]] by [[New Black Panther Party]] members Minister King Samir Shabazz, Malik Zulu Sha-Bazz, and Jerry Jackson at a Philadelphia polling office, they were acquitted with minimal charges by the [[U.S. Department of Justice]], then under [[Attorney General]] [[Eric Holder]]. Holder, when questioned about his rationale, said he didn't want to prosecute "my people" (thus implying that he holds bias against white voters and for minorities, and that attempts to bring justice to people who violated the [[Voting Rights Act]] is comparable to what happened to Blacks in Charleston during the Civil Rights era).<ref>http://www.examiner.com/article/eric-holder-focus-on-black-panther-voter-intimidation-case-demeans-my-people</ref>

==2006==
===2006 DSCC scandal===

During the 2006 U.S. Senate election', the [[Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee]] illegally obtained a copy of the credit report of the Lieutenant Governor of Maryland, [[Michael S. Steele]], a Republican senatorial candidate, posing as him and using his social security number.

==2004==
===John Kerry===
In 2007 the Federal Election Commission fined the Kerry campaign $1.3 million for spending more than federal rules allow during his 2004 Presidential bid. In order to receive public funds, Kerry, a former Democrat senator from Massachusetts, and his running mate, former North Carolina Sen. [[John Edwards]], agreed to spend $74.6 million or less on their general election campaign against President Bush.<ref>https://www.politico.com/news/stories/0507/4269.html</ref><ref>[https://www.fec.gov/agenda/2007/mtgdoc07-37.pdf Agenda Document No. 07-37], Federal Election Commission, Washington, D.C., May 21, 2007.</ref> In 2009 the FEC fined a [[George Soros]]-backed group $775,000 for its unregulated spending during the 2004 election on behalf of Democrats, including Democratic Presidential candidate [[John F. Kerry]].<ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/2100-501563_162-3222390.html</ref>

===2004 ACORN===
* The Wall Street Journal noted: “In Ohio in 2004, a worker for one affiliate was given crack cocaine in exchange for fraudulent registrations that included underage voters, dead [[voters]] and pillars of the community named Mary Poppins, Dick Tracy and Jive Turkey. During a [[congressional]] hearing in Ohio in the aftermath of the 2004 election, officials from several counties in the state explained ACORN’s practice of dumping thousands of registration forms in their lap on the submission deadline, even though the forms had been collected months earlier.” Acorn workers have been convicted of fraud in Wisconsin and Colorado.<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB116251922202112150 The Acorn Indictments], [[Wall Street Journal]]</ref>

* In March, [[Philadelphia]] elections officials accused the nonprofit advocacy group of filing fraudulent voter registrations in advance of the April 22nd Pennsylvania primary.

* In July, ACORN settled the largest case of voter fraud in the history of [[Washington]] State. Seven ACORN workers had submitted nearly 2,000 bogus voter registration forms. According to case records, they flipped through phone books for names to use on the forms, including “Leon Spinks,” “Frekkie Magoal” and “Fruto Boy Crispila.” Three ACORN election hoaxers pleaded guilty in October.

* In 2004, ACORN registered illegal immigrant Nuradin Abdi. He was the suspected Ohio shopping mall bomb plotter from Somalia, according to the Columbus Dispatch.<ref>[https://www.newsmax.com/newsfront/minutemen_illegal_voting/2008/10/30/145903.html Minutemen Muster Nationally to Foil Illegal Voting] [[NewsMax]], October 30, 2008</ref>

==2000==
===2000 Florida Recount===
[[Image:Goregaia.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Gore, an environmental cultist, pursued a hapless attempt to stuff the ballot box during recounts as vengeance against Republicans for the impeachment of Bill Clinton.]]
:{{See also|Bush v. Gore}}
The legacy TV networks, in a rush to be the first to present results, made false calls in Florida. Each network used the same exit poll data, which contained a small math error for Florida. The networks first called Florida for Gore, then for Bush. They should have said it was too close to call. Worse (and some believe, deliberately), the networks called Florida after the polls closed in the Eastern Time Zone part of the state (which is heavily Democrat-leaning) but while they were still open in the Central Time Zone part (the Florida panhandle, which is heavily Republican due to the large military bases located there).

One of the potential keys to Gore losing Florida was the unusual style of paper ballot used in Palm Beach County, a South Florida county which has a large Jewish population and is historically a Democrat stronghold.

The ballot style required voters to choose their choice for President/Vice President by punching paper ballots; however, instead of listing all the candidates on one side, the candidates were listed on alternating sides of the ballot (in larger print to assist the large number of elderly voters; the alternating list gave rise to the "[[butterfly ballot]]" nickname). The top of the line showing "Gore-Lieberman", however, overlapped with the ballot punch hole for the Reform Party ticket of "[[Pat Buchanan]]-Ezola Foster"; notwithstanding a clearly-marked arrow directing voters to the correct punch hole, Buchanan (considered by many a notorious anti-Semite) received an unusually high number of votes in a county with a sizeable Jewish population.

The final official recount in Florida showed Bush the winner by 537 votes. Gore supporters asked the Florida state Supreme Court to again recount votes in some counties where they thought Gore might add votes, but to ignore counties where they thought Bush would gain. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled this strategy illegal, and the result was accepted by Gore, who indeed announced the Florida vote for Bush in his role as Vice President.

The campaigns of both [[Ralph Nader]] on the [[Green Party]] ticket and [[Pat Buchanan]] on the [[Reform Party]] ticket gained some media attention during the campaign. Gore's affiliation with Clinton and the [[racist]] [[DLC]] machine<ref>http://www.blackcommentator.com/46/46_cover.html</ref> caused critics—Green Party progressive candidate [[Ralph Nader]] in particular—to assert that Bush and Gore were too similar, especially on free trade, reductions in social welfare, and the death penalty. "We want to punish the Democrats, we want to hurt them, wound them," Nader's closest advisor said.<ref>Harry G. Levinem "Ralph Nader, Suicide Bomber." ''The Village Voice'' May 3, 2004 at [http://www.villagevoice.com/news/0418,levine,53179,1.html]</ref> With the election so close leftists speculated that they had "caused" the result. Democrats never forgave Nader.

There has also been much speculation on what might have happened if there had been recounts under different rules. A consortium of newspapers did an investigation of multiple scenarios. They concluded Gore would have won in some versions and Bush in other versions; ironically, Bush would have won under the recounts that Gore had proposed. In a rare situation in Presidential elections, Al Gore lost his home state of [[Tennessee]] to George Bush. Had he carried that state, the whole question of how Florida voted would have been moot.

====Equal protection violations====
:{{See also|Bush v. Gore}}
The recount standard was done differently from county to county and sometimes from counting team to counting team.<ref>Strauss, David. ''The Vote: Bush, Gore, & the Supreme Court''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</ref> The Supreme court overturned that plan 7 to 2, and then in a 5 to 4 decision ruled that the time to find additional recounts method had passed. In effect, this solidified the results as they had been recorded, allowing George W. Bush to claim victory and enter the [[President of the United States of America|Presidency]].

In an unsigned per curiam decision, the court explained that state legislative power to choose electors, as conferred by the Constitution, can be taken by state legislatures at any time:<ref>https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/00-949.ZPC.html</ref>
{{cquote|The State, of course, after granting the franchise in the special context of Article II, can take back the power to appoint electors. See id., at 35 (“[T]here is no doubt of the right of the legislature to resume the power at any time, for it can neither be taken away nor abdicated”) (quoting S. Rep. No. 395, 43d Cong., 1st Sess.).}}
Independent news agencies later did their own recounts, trying to simulate how the Florida court might have done it. They found that under most scenarios, the recounts would have favored Bush, but that the court could have manipulated the process to declare Gore the winner.<ref>Kaus, Mickey. "Everything the New York Times Thinks About the Florida Recount Is Wrong!". Slate. 13 November 2001. [http://www.slate.com/?id=2058603 http://www.slate.com/?id=2058603]. Accessed 10 November 2009.</ref>

==1996==
===Stuffing the ballot box with illegal votes===

In his new book, Sellout: ''The Inside Story of President Clinton’s Impeachment'', David P. Schippers, former Chief Counsel for the House Judiciary Committee, details his investigation of abuses surrounding the Citizenship USA program.<ref>https://cis.org/Report/Injustice-All-Excerpt-Sellout-Inside-Story-President-Clintons-Impeachment</ref> Schippers and staff focused on the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), which appeared to be running out of control. Investigations by the [[General Accounting Office]] (GAO) and congressional committees indicated that the White House used the INS to further its political agenda. A blatant politicization of the agency took place during the 1996 presidential campaign when the White House pressured the INS into expediting its "Citizenship USA" (CUSA) program to grant citizenship to thousands of aliens that the White House counted as likely Democratic voters. To ensure maximum impact, the INS concentrated on aliens in key states — California, Florida, Illinois, New York, New Jersey, and Texas — that hold a combined 181 electoral votes, just 89 short of the total needed to win the election.

The program was placed under the direction of Vice President Al Gore. The Judiciary Committee staff received from the GAO a few e-mails indicating Gore’s role in the plan. He was responsible for keeping the pressure on, to make sure the aliens were pushed through by September 1, 1996 the last day to register for the presidential election. Schipper's investigation uncovered a case study evidencing what is known as "Chicago Politics." The Democrats circumvented normal procedures for the naturalization process — procedures that check backgrounds and weed out criminals — and consequently they were handing out citizenship papers to questionable characters.

The possibility of using CUSA apparently occurred to the White House in February 1996, when [[Henry Cisneros]], then [[Secretary of Housing and Urban Development]], forwarded a memo to President Clinton. The memo, from the California Active Citizenship Campaign (ACC), complained of a backlog of alien applications for naturalization in Los Angeles. It contained the magic words: "INS inaction [on the backlog] will deny 300,000 Latinos the right to vote in the 1996 presidential elections [sic] in California."

The memo outlined the services that the Industrial Areas Foundation (IAF) in Los Angeles could provide. The IAF offered thousands of volunteers to help process voter applications, register thousands of new voters, conduct 5,000 house meetings, encourage voting by mail, and get more than 50,000 occasional voters out to vote in the presidential election. Most interesting were the promises that the IAF would "create voter interest around issues of Affirmative Action and Minimum Wage, . . . influence 300,000 voters in the preparation for Nov. 1996, . . . produce 5,000 precinct leaders and turn out 96,000 voters for the 1996 presidential election."

Documents show that President Clinton asked Doug Farbrother of the National Performance Review (NPR) staff to look into removing barriers to citizenship not only in Los Angeles but also in San Francisco, Chicago, New York, and Miami — major cities in four swing states. In a memo to the President, Farbrother stated that "we can reduce — but not eliminate -- the risk of controversy over our motives by appointing one of our proven NPR reinventors as Deputy INS Commissioner . . . As part of the official INS management team, our reinventor would have more direct influence and the INS staff would be less likely to go public with complaints than they would over the interference of an outsider." The memo observed that "reinventors" should be put in many other agencies, as well, to replace leaders who "don’t ‘get it.’" Farbrother recommended, "[t]o get anywhere near a million applicants naturalized" by summer’s end, the administration would have "to force some serious ‘reinvention’ on INS."

Farbrother and the NPR won the assignment of getting the INS to process more than a million applicants by the end of the summer. As early as March 1996, GAO documents reveal, he was reporting his efforts, recommendations, and results to Al Gore. Farbrother reported how he had told the INS and the Justice Department to waive "stupid rules," and he told Gore that unless reforms were implemented, the backlog wouldn’t be "processed in time."

As Farbrother noted in a March 22, 1996 e-mail to Gore, he had told INS Deputy Commissioner Chris Sale and Deputy Attorney General [[Jamie Gorelick]] "to delegate broad authority to the managers in" New York, Chicago, Miami, San Francisco, and Los Angeles. But the INS and the Justice Department were not immediately complying with his demands, he said. Keeping the pressure on, Farbrother sent Sale a fax reiterating how important this delegation was in order "to get the results the Vice President wants." In the fax he also commented, "I need you or Doris [Meissner] to sign something like the attached," referring to a memo giving those INS district directors "full authority to waive, suspend, or deviate from DOJ and INS nonstatutory policies, regulations, and procedures provided you operate within the confines of the law."

The White House wanted any applicant for citizenship to be naturalized in time to register for the November 1996 election, so the pressure on the INS was constant. On March 21 Elaine Kamarck in the Vice President’s office sent an e-mail to Farbrother saying: "THE PRESIDENT IS SICK OF THIS AND WANTS ACTION. IF NOTHING MOVES TODAY WE’LL HAVE TO TAKE SOME PRETTY DRASTIC MEASURES." Farbrother responded, "I favor drastic measures." If he couldn’t get what he wanted from the INS, he wrote, he would "call for heavy artillery."

In a March 26, 1996 e-mail to Goret, Farbrother reported that Chris Sale has indeed "delegated hiring authority to the five cities and increased their budgets by 20 percent." But, he wrote, "I still don’t think the city directors have enough freedom to do the job." Two days later Farbrother told Gore by e-mail, "[U]nless we blast INS headquarters loose from their grip on the frontline managers, we are going to have way too many people still waiting for citizenship in November." He added, "I can’t make Doris Meissner delegate broad authority to her field managers. Can you?"

Gore answered, "We’ll explore it. Thanks." By the end of March, INS Commissioner Doris Meissner capitulated. On April 4, 1996, Elaine Kamarck, to prepare Gore for a lunch with Clinton, drafted a memo briefing Gore on the INS progress. In time, Newark, New Jersey, and Houston, Texas, would be added to the list of targeted cities, and in all, more than a million aliens would be naturalized in time to vote in the 1996 election.

The INS district office in Chicago, which Gore had visited in 1996 to check on the registration progress, some of the most flagrant and critical breakdown occurred in fingerprint checks. Federal regulations require that, for an alien to obtain citizenship, his application for naturalization (citizenship) must be accompanied by a complete set of the alien’s fingerprints. The fingerprint cards are then sent to the FBI to determine if the applicant has a criminal or arrest record. The law provides that an application may be denied if the alien has a serious criminal record or if he falsely denies ever having been arrested, even if he was never convicted.

In the INS district offices, the alien applicant for naturalization cannot be scheduled for a personal interview until at least 60 days after the application is submitted. This delay is specifically intended to allow sufficient time for an FBI fingerprint check. If the check reveals an arrest record identification, the arrest report is inserted in the alien’s file prior to the interview. An arrest record does not automatically result in a denial of citizenship, but it alerts an examiner to spend additional time questioning the applicant and to request that he furnish further information.

If there is no criminal arrest record in the file prior to the interview, the examiner will assume that none exists. For that reason, the INS has always considered the FBI fingerprint check to be the only practical way of preventing violent felons, dope peddlers, and the like from obtaining citizenship. Any breakdown in the collecting, checking, and reporting of the fingerprints can cause a breakdown of the entire process. Judiciary investigators discovered that FBI arrest records that were being sent to the Chicago INS office simply were not being inserted into the aliens’ files. As a result, aliens with criminal records were being granted citizenship. Just prior to the 1996 voter registration deadline, a box was discovered in the Chicago INS office containing nearly five thousand FBI arrest reports — reports that had arrived in time but had been ignored.

The White House, the INS, and the Justice Department publicly denied any political motive in the CUSA program to expedite the citizenship procedure. What the United States got is undeniable: more than 75,000 new citizens who had arrest records when they applied; an additional 115,000 citizens whose fingerprints were unclassifiable for various technical reasons and were never resubmitted; and another 61,000 people who were given citizenship with no fingerprints submitted at all.

What we had here was a perfect example of the Clinton-Gore administration’s overarching political philosophy: "The ends justify the means," coupled with "win at any cost." It was a philosophy of governance that, as our investigations into other areas proceeded, we would find repeated again and again.

When the results of the KPMG Peat Marwick audit were made public, the INS and Justice vowed to remedy the situation, root out the felons, and revoke erroneously awarded citizenship. Everyone congratulated the administration for acting so quickly — and then promptly forgot about it.

In June 1998, the Judiciary Committee continued the investigation of CUSA. Interest intensified when they heard that a similar plan was in the works for the 2000 presidential election.

In the course of the investigation, they discovered that FBI arrest records were still missing from the proper files; many were still in boxes. They unearthed that several individuals who had been naturalized illegally were now trying to sponsor their relatives for citizenship. They found sponsors unable to speak a word of English, a condition that should have prevented naturalization. Similarly, they uncovered arrest records or other information that should have been disqualifiers for naturalization. INS agents who had found these irregularities were ordered to ignore them and to revoke citizenship only in cases ordered by the auditors.

Thousands of criminals are now citizens of the United States because it was assumed they would vote for Bill Clinton and Al Gore.

===Chinagate 2.0===
{{See also|Chinagate fundraising scandal}}
The Chinagate was a campaign finance controversy in which the Clintons illegally took money from foreign governments and military establishments. Like the Nixon administration, however, it was impossible to get the government to investigate itself, at least to any acceptable or just conclusion before the Clintons term of office was up.

Agents of China sought to give contributions to the Democratic National Committee (DNC) before the [[United States presidential election, 1996|1996 presidential campaign]] in violation of US law barring non-American citizens from donating money to American politicians and political parties.<ref>Woodward, Bob and Duffy, Brian, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/campfin/stories/china1.htm "Chinese Embassy Role In Contributions Probed"], ''Washington Post'', February 13, 1997.</ref>

An unclassified [[United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs|U.S. Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs]] report issued in 1998 stated that both James Riady and his father Mochtar "had a long-term relationship with a Chinese intelligence agency." According to journalist [[Bob Woodward]], details of the relationship came from highly classified intelligence information supplied to the committee by both the CIA and [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]].<ref name="washingtonpost.com">Woodward, Bob, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/campfin/stories/cf021098.htm "Findings Link Clinton Allies to Chinese Intelligence"], ''Washington Post'', Feb. 10, 1998.</ref>
[[File:MOCTAR.JPG|right|300px|thumb|Hillary Clinton with Mochtar Riady at a fundraiser during the [[Chinagate]] scandal. Mochtar Riady, along with Bill Clinton's financial godfather Jackson Stephens, brought the [[BCCI]] to America, a front for international dope dealers and arms traffickers.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=hk7XCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT61&lpg=PT61&dq=mochtar+riady+bcci&source=bl&ots=58F2SxmNWF&sig=ZV6dddrtUdo7dmmCfjVhgQZOuLE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpwvS7mvDTAhVH9mMKHc_MC5QQ6AEINzAG#v=onepage&q=mochtar%20riady%20bcci&f=false]</ref>]]
The relationship between John Huang, the Riady Family, and the Clintons, goes back to the late 1970s in Little Rock, Arkansas. The patriarch of the family, Mochtar Riady, is an [[Indonesia]]n of [[Chinese]] descent who built up the Lippo Group empire. In the mid-1970s, Mochtar Riady planned to expand his business into the United States and began looking for partners. He met the Stephens family of Arkansas and entered into various joint ventures with Stephens Inc.

The Stephens family were in fact the original owners of the American branch of the notorious [[Bank of Credit and Commerce International]] (BCCI) in a joint venture with the Riady's in the late 1970s and 1980s.<ref>mlhttps://fas.org/irp/congress/1992_rpt/bcci/06early.htm</ref> It was shut down in the early 1990s in an enormous worldwide criminal money laundering scandal.

In Little Rock the Riadys met then-Governor Bill Clinton and financially supported Clinton's gubernatorial campaigns throughout the 1980s.

After Riady pledged $1 million in support of then-Governor Clinton's campaign for the presidency 1992, contributions made by Huang had been reimbursed with funds wired from a foreign Lippo Group entity into an account Riady maintained at Lippo Bank and then distributed to Huang in cash. Also, contributions made by Lippo Group entities operating in the United States were reimbursed with wire transfers from foreign Lippo Group entities.<ref name="James Riady Pleads Guilty">[http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/2001/January/017crm.htm "James Riady Pleads Guilty"], Department of Justice, press release, January 11, 2001.</ref><ref name="cnn.com">[https://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1999/08/12/huang.sentence/ "Former Democratic fund-raiser John Huang pleads guilty"], ''CNN.com'', Aug. 12, 1999.</ref>

Huang visited the White House 78 times while working as a DNC fund-raiser.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1997/gen/resources/infocus/fundraising.flap/time9610.html "The Democratic Fund-Raising Flap: Timeline"], ''CNN.com'', July 1, 1997.</ref> James Riady visited the White House 20 times including 6 personal visits with President Clinton.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1997/gen/resources/infocus/fundraising.flap/characters.html "The Democratic Fund-Raising Flap: Cast of Characters"], ''CNN.com'', July 1, 1997.</ref> As a key fund-raiser he raised $3.4 million for the party.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/campfin/players/huang.htm "Campaign Finance Key Player: John Huang"], ''Washington Post'', July 27, 1997.</ref>

Immediately prior to joining the DNC, Huang worked in the Clintons' [[Commerce Department]] as deputy assistant secretary for international economic affairs giving him access to classified intelligence on China.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/US/9905/25/cox.report.highlights/ "Highlights of U.S. report on alleged China spying"], ''CNN.com'', May 25, 1999.</ref>

Under questioning by Sen. Don Nickles during congressional investigations Clinton private investigator Terry Lenzner identified [[Cody Shearer]] as a liaison between Lenzner's firm, Investigative Group International, and the Cheyenne-Arapaho tribe. The tribe had donated more than $100,000 to the Democratic Party hoping that the Clinton administration would intervene on the tribes behalf in a dispute over drilling rights on tribal land. Lenzner's firm had been hired by the Clintons to discredit Paula Jones, Kathleen Willey, Monica Lewinsky and others, and had been retained to uncover compromising links between Sen. Don Nickles-opposed the tribe's claims—and local oil interests.<ref>https://www.weeklystandard.com/the-other-secret-dossier/article/2011477</ref>

==1992==
According to [[Wikipedia]], [[Bill Clinton]] engaged in [[voter suppression]] by appearing at several [[Massachusetts]] polling locations, which caused voters hours of delay and inhibited traffic.<ref>http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/2016/03/01/did-bill-clinton-violate-election-rules-venturing-into-polling-location/PH4FIH9jCKYKf6Fzyvfz2N/story.html</ref> Clinton was allegedly electioneering within 150 feet of the polling locations, which is also illegal according to Massachusetts state law.<ref>http://www.medfordma.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/ELECTIONSummary.pdf</ref>

===Chinagate 1.0===
An unclassified [[United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs|U.S. Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs]] report issued in 1998 stated that both James Riady and his father Mochtar "had a long-term relationship with a Chinese intelligence agency." According to journalist [[Bob Woodward]], details of the relationship came from highly classified intelligence information supplied to the committee by both the CIA and [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]].<ref name="washingtonpost.com"/>

The relationship between John Huang, the Riady Family, and the Clintons, goes back to the late 1970s in Little Rock, Arkansas. The patriarch of the family, Mochtar Riady, is an [[Indonesia]]n of [[Chinese]] descent who built up the Lippo Group empire. In the mid-1970s, Mochtar Riady planned to expand his business into the United States and began looking for partners. He met the Stephens family of Arkansas headed by Witt Stephens<ref>http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=1773</ref> and entered into various joint ventures with Stephens Inc.

In Little Rock the Riadys met then-Governor [[Bill Clinton]] and financially supported Clinton's gubernatorial campaigns throughout the 1980s.

It was through the Lippo-Stephens partnership that James Riady came to Arkansas to assist with their joint venture, [[Worthen Banking Corporation]].<ref>Simultaneously with the Rose Law Firms's shredding of documents related to Whitewater and the death of Vince Foster, the Worthern Bank suffered a fire destroying all its documents relating to loans made to the Clinton's and their election campaigns. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1994/04/23/whitewater-weirdness/2422e03b-eb40-4816-936d-86ccc50f6a6c/</ref>

Other corrupt individuals involved include Charlie Trie,<ref>[https://abcnews.go.com/International/fbi-arrests-chinese-millionaire-tied-clinton-scandal/story?id=33990683, FBI Arrests Chinese Millionaire Once Tied to Clinton $$ Scandal], [[ABC News]]</ref> Johnny Chung,<ref>[https://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/new-clinton-scandal-mirrors-chinagate-say-analysts New Clinton Scandal Mirrors 'Chinagate,' Say Analysts], [[CNSNews]]</ref> and Wang Jun.<ref>[https://www.wnd.com/1999/05/7050/ Chinagate's smoking gun], [[WND]]</ref>

Following James Riady was John Huang. Shortly after Riady pledged $1 million in support of then-Governor Clinton's campaign for the presidency 1992, contributions made by Huang had been reimbursed with funds wired from a foreign Lippo Group entity into an account Riady maintained at Lippo Bank and then distributed to Huang in cash. Also, contributions made by Lippo Group entities operating in the United States were reimbursed with wire transfers from foreign Lippo Group entities.<ref name="James Riady Pleads Guilty"/><ref name="cnn.com"/>

One of the world's wealthiest people,[28] Ng Lap Seng, a billionaire [[real estate]] developer from [[Macau]], also is among the offshore owners in the leaked [[Panama Papers]] documents.

Ng was on friendly terms with Bill Clinton when he was president, visiting the [[White House]] ten times between 1994 and 1996.[31] Using a [[proxy]], Ng [[illegal]]ly contributed $1 million to the [[Democratic National Committee]] and the Clinton-Gore campaign of 1996; his proxy was arrested, but Ng escaped criminal charges.[31]

==1976==
===1976 election fraud in Pennsylvania and Ohio===
:{{See also|United States presidential election, 1976}}
[[Jimmy Carter]] won Ohio by 11,000 votes and carried its 25 electoral votes. [[Gerald Ford]] performed poorest in [[Cleveland]] and Cuyahoga county. No fewer than 3 Democrats appeared on the ballot as third party candidates. Third party [[leftist]]s received votes as follows: [[Eugene McCarthy]] 58,258, [[Lester Maddox]] 15,529, [[Gus Hall]] 7,817, and [[Lyndon LaRouche]] 4,335.

Carter won Pennsylvania and its 27 electoral votes. Carter won Allegheny county by 23,000 votes.

[[File:John Kennedy texas.png|right|300px|thumb|John Kennedy was elected using the same Southern Strategy FDR did by putting a Texan on the ticket.<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23535517?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents John F. Kennedy's Southern Strategy, 1956-1960], Guy Paul Land, ''The North Carolina Historical Review'', Vol. 56, No. 1 (January, 1979), pp. 41-63.</ref>]]
==1960==
===1960 election fraud in Texas and Illinois===
:{{See also|United States presidential election, 1960}}
Voter fraud in Democrat vice presidential candidate Lyndon Johnson's home state of [[Texas]] and in the corrupt Cook County, Illinois Democrat machine of mayor [[Richard J. Daley]] swung the presidential election to [[John F. Kennedy]]. The final margin in the popular vote was fewer than one vote per precinct in American. Republican presidential candidate [[Richard Nixon]] did not possess a lust for personal power at the expense of creating further divisions among the American people in what was already the closest election in history, and chose not to contest the results.

==1958==
[[File:Lawrence Brooks Hays portrait.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Rep. Brooks Hays was denied re-election by election fraud tactics.]]
===1958 U.S. House election in Arkansas' 5th district===
[[L. Brooks Hays]], a [[segregation]]ist though racial moderate from [[Arkansas]], ran for re-election in the [[1958 Midterm Elections|1958 midterms]]. After refusing to take either side in the Little Rock crisis, the more staunchly segregationist [[Dale Alford]], a Little Rock opthamologist, challenged him in the general election as a nominal [[Independent voters|Independent]] running on Democrat credentials.<ref name=brookshaysbio>Day, John Kyle. [https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/lawrence-brooks-hays-506/ Lawrence Brooks Hays (1898–1981)]. ''Encyclopedia of Arkansas''. Retrieved October 10, 2021.</ref> Alford's write-in campaign ultimately denied Hays re-election by a narrow margin.<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=126042 AR District 5 Race - Nov 04, 1958]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved October 10, 2021.</ref>

According to the Encyclopedia of Arkansas:<ref name=brookshaysbio/>
{{cquote|Alford used legally questionable stickers attached to ballots, as well as other irregularities, to achieve this major upset.}}

==1952==
===Kefauver v. Stevenson===
[[Tennessee]] Sen. [[Estes Kefauver]] won twelve of the then fifteen presidential party primaries, but the nomination went to the choice of the party bosses, [[Illinois]] Gov. [[Adlai Stevenson]]. These bosses including President [[Harry Truman]], strongly disliked Kefauver; his investigations of organized crime had revealed connections between [[Mafia]] figures and many of the big-city Democratic political machines. The party bosses thus viewed Kefauver as a maverick who could not be trusted, and they refused to support him for the nomination.<ref name="McKeever, p. 186">(McKeever, p. 186)</ref>

==1948==
[[File:LBJ by Shoumatoff.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Lyndon Johnson]]
===1948 Texas Senate===
In 1948, [[Lyndon Johnson]], an obscure congressman opposed to [[President Harry Truman]]’s civil rights program and was a supporter of what he called “the anti-Communist Taft- Hartley labor bill,” was running for the Democratic Senate nomination in [[Texas]]. In those days obtaining the Democratic nomination was tantamount to winning the general election.

Johnson ran against the [[Dixiecrat]] governor [[Coke Stevenson]] and several others. When the returns were in, the popular Stevenson had 71,000 more votes than Johnson but he lacked a majority in the crowded field. This necessitated a runoff. In the runoff Johnson again trailed Stevenson.

[[George Parr]], the Democratic boss of Duval County, Texas ruled three counties in southeast Texas — Duval, Jim Wells, and Zapata. This oil-rich brush country was an area inhabited largely by Mexican-Americans. Parr paid their poll taxes, got them jobs, was generous with gifts to their sick and needy, and used them to vote. Parr collected payoffs from construction companies, brothels, moonshine and gambling businesses. In 1936, he went to prison for income tax evasion.

Parr only appeared in public surrounded by tough looking goons. It literally was suicide to oppose him. ''The New York Times'' reported, “Only Federal agents and Texas rangers ever successfully questioned his authority. Others who did took their lives in their hands. At least two men were shot to death by deputy sheriffs loyal to Parr.” Other brutal deaths were associated with him.

Parr favored Johnson in the 1948 runoff. Days after the polls had closed, a “correction” of the vote came in from Precinct 13 in the hamlet of Alice in Jim Wells County on the Mexican border. The “correction” gave Johnson 202 votes which local election officials claimed they had somehow previously overlooked. But it was enough to give Johnson the Democratic nomination by eighty-seven votes.

Coke Stevenson told reporters “I was beaten by a stuffed ballot box. And I can prove it.”

Parr laughed and called Stevenson a poor loser. “In previous elections the district has gone for Stevenson with as much enthusiasm as it has gone against him in this year’s Senate election. I never heard a complaint from him then about the bloc vote in Duval County,” Parr noted.
Charging fraud, the governor appealed to the federal court for redress. His lawyers produced evidence clearly demonstrating that “voters” from the graveyard and from across the border in Mexico had been recorded for Johnson. The lawyers also produced a couple of courageous Chicanos who testified that Parr had voted their names without their knowledge.

After hearing all the arguments. Judge T. Whitfield Davidson was moved to comment: “There has not one word of evidence been submitted [sic] to disprove this plaintiff’s claim he has been robbed of a seat in the [[United States Senate]].”

At the same time Davidson issued an injunction denying Johnson a place on the ballot.

As a result there was great consternation among leading Democrats in Washington. Not that the liberals or even Truman particularly loved Johnson. If anyone followed a Southern line, it was he. But they preferred Johnson to his outspoken Dixiecrat opponent. Which is precisely what Truman told Johnson when the President barnstormed through Texas late in September 1948.

Meanwhile Washington lawyer [[Abe Fortas]] took charge of the legal maneuvers to save Johnson’s “election.” In this he was assisted by none other than Joe Rauh, an ultra-liberal then most active in the affairs of [[Americans for Democratic Action]].

One day after Judge Davidson reopened his hearing in [[Fort Worth]], Fortas went to see Associate Justice [[Hugo Black]], a [[Ku Klux Klan]]sman-turned-civil libertarian. They spent considerable time discussing Johnson’s election problem.

On September 28, 1948, Black issued an order staying the Davidson injunction. This meant that Johnson’s name could appear on the November ballot. Black’s order declared that the federal courts lacked jurisdiction over state elections. In effect Black had ruled that Johnson would be the next senator from Texas.

Adjourning his court, an angered Judge Davidson denounced the Black order as “unduly hasty and probably unlawful” — which it was. The judge noted, for example, that the Stevenson-Johnson controversy had involved a federal office. Then he pointed out that only four years previously, Justice Black had voted exactly the opposite when the High Court ruled that federal courts could indeed interfere to see that African Americans were not barred from voting in Texas primaries.

The Democrat Senate voted to look into the contested primary. But Senate investigators soon discovered that most of the ballots in Duval, Jim Wells, and Zapata counties had been destroyed. According to George Parr, some illiterate Mexican janitors must have thought they were trash ready to be burned. The Senate probe was over before it began.

Meanwhile Truman was barnstorming Texas in what appeared to be a forlorn pursuit of the presidency. When his train stopped at San Antonio, Parr got aboard to spend a half-hour with the President. Immediately there was speculation that Parr would get a presidential pardon for an old income tax conviction.

Truman, of course, was no stranger to stuffed ballots. In fact he could never have become President if he had not scraped victory out of the 1934 Senate primary in [[Missouri]] with the help of 50,000 fraudulent votes from Tom Pendergast’s [[Kansas City]] machine. And years later when Boss Pendergast died, Truman flew to the funeral.

So pleased was Truman with Parr’s work, shortly after his election, he rewarded Parr with a pardon. And when Parr again was found guilty of income tax evasion, Abe Fortas argued the case all the way to the [[Supreme Court]] and got Parr off on a technical ruling.

Years later a grateful President Lyndon Johnson nominated Abe Fortas as a justice on the Supreme Court.

So exhilarated was Lyndon Johnson on reaching the political mountaintop in 1948 that, according to one biographer, he told this story about his first Senate victory:
{{quotebox-float|Little Manuel was sitting on a curbstone, crying bitter tears. Another Mexican, happening along, asked, “What’s the trouble with you, Manuel?”
“My father was here last Saturday and he did not come to see me.”
“But, Manuel, your father has been dead ten years.”
“That’s true,” Manuel sobbed. “But he was here last Saturday and he voted for Lyndon Johnson, but he did not even come to see me.”<ref>https://archive.org/details/LaskyVictorItDidntStartWithWatergate/page/n133/mode/2up?q=county</ref>}}

[[File:Josiah W. Bailey.jpg|thumb|right|180px|The 1930 election involving Bailey (pictured above) and Pritchard was marred with allegations of fraud.]]
==1930==
===1930 Senate election in North Carolina===
In the 1930 U.S. Senate election in [[North Carolina]], [[Josiah Bailey]] defeated incumbent Democrat insurrectionist Furnifold Simmons in the primaries and, in the general election facing Republican George Pritchard, purportedly won by over 100,000 votes.<ref name="1930 NC Sen">[https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/contested_elections/115Pirchard_Bailey.htm The Election Case of George M. Pritchard v. Josiah W. Bailey of North Carolina (1933)]. ''senate.gov''. Retrieved February 16, 2021.</ref> Pritchard filed a petition on March 3, 1931 to oppose the "official" results, charging that election fraud had given Bailey an unfair advantage. He specifically claimed that every one of the 1,800 voter registrars were tied to the Democratic Party to provide an unfair advantage for Bailey, that Democrat poll judges forced Republican poll watchers to stand from distances too far to observe ballot boxes, that intimidation of voters was present as well as the tampering of ballots.

The U.S. Senate authorized the Privileges and Elections Committee to investigate the election;<ref name="1930 NC Sen"/> Bailey sent a request to dismiss the charges on the basis that he would have been the winner even if there was to be a recount. A subcommittee ultimately ruled the charges against Bailey were too vague and did not warrant the need for either a recount nor a full investigation, and the contest was dismissed by the Senate without a vote. Bailey was subsequently awarded $1,500 for legal expenses, and $4,000 for Pritchard.

==1912==
===Woodrow Wilson===
Thomas J. Farnan observed in ''The National Pulse'':
{{quotebox-float|"the revitalized Democratic Party elected the despicable racist, [[Woodrow Wilson]] – who is still immortalized in Washington D.C. – as president. This victory was secured by suppressing black Republican votes in [[the South]] with literacy tests and the like, while Northern Republicans split their vote between [[Theodore Roosevelt]] and [[William Howard Taft]]. The stolen presidency of Woodrow Wilson had succeeded by 1914 in re-segregating even federal offices. President Wilson would make the pro-[[Ku Klux Klan]] film, ''The Birth of a Nation'', the first White House movie screening, after which he would remark, “It’s like writing history with lightning. My only regret is that it is all so terribly true.”<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/analysis/the-increasingly-secret-history-of-the-racist-democrats-and-how-senile-boomer-biden-heralds-the-end/</ref>}}

==1890==
:{{See also|Jim Crow}}
Beginning in the 1890s, southern states enacted literacy tests, poll taxes, elaborate registration systems, and eventually whites-only Democratic Party primaries to exclude black voters. The laws proved very effective. In Mississippi, fewer than 9,000 of the 147,000 voting-age African Americans were registered after 1890. In Louisiana, where more than 130,000 black voters had been registered in 1896, the number had plummeted to 1,342 by 1904. Poll taxes required citizens to pay a fee to register to vote. These fees kept many poor African Americans, as well as poor whites, from voting.<ref>https://americanhistory.si.edu/brown/history/1-segregated/white-only-1.html</ref>

==1874==
===White League===
{{See also|Stephen B. Packard}}
[[File:Colfax massacre.jpg|right|350px|thumb|This 1873 drawing depicts the aftermath of the Colfax Massacre of April 13, 1873, which left two white men and at least 70 black men dead.<ref>https://billofrightsinstitute.org/essays/the-ku-klux-klan-and-violence-at-the-polls</ref>]]
On election day, November 3, 1874, an [[Alabama]] chapter of the White League repeated actions taken earlier that year in Vicksburg, [[Mississippi]]. They invaded Eufaula AL, killing at least seven black Republicans, injuring at least 70 more, and driving off more than 1,000 unarmed Republicans from the polls.<ref>Mary Ellen Curtin, ''Black Prisoners and Their World, Alabama, 1865-1900,'' University Press of Virginia, 2000, p. 55</ref> The group moved on to Spring Hill AL, where members stormed the polling place, destroying the ballot box, and killing the 16-year-old son of a white Republican judge in their shooting.<ref>Curtin (2000), ''Black Prisoners'', pp. 55-56.</ref>

The White League refused to count any Republican votes cast. But, Republican voters reflected the black majority in the county, as well as white supporters. They outnumbered Democratic voters by a margin greater than two to one. The League declared the Democratic candidates victorious, forced Republican politicians out of office, and seized every county office in Barbour County, Alabama.<ref name="Curtin 2000 p. 56">Curtin (2000), ''Black Prisoners'', p. 56</ref> Such actions were repeated in other parts of the South in the 1870s, as Democrats sought to regain political dominance in states with black majorities and numerous Republican officials. In Barbour County, the Democrats auctioned off as "slaves" (for a maximum cost of $2 per month), or otherwise silenced all Republican witnesses to the events. They were intimidated from testifying to the coup if the case went to federal court.<ref name="Curtin 2000 p. 56"/>

The Coushatta massacre of 1874 was the result of an attack by the White League, a [[paramilitary]] organization composed of Democrats, on Republican officeholders and African Americans in Red River Parish, [[Louisiana]]. They murdered six white Republicans and 20 Blacks who were witnesses.<ref>[http://www.neh.gov/news/humanities/2004-01/reconstruction.html Danielle Alexander, "Forty Acres and a Mule: The Ruined Hope of Reconstruction", ''Humanities'', January/February 2004, Vol.25/No.1. Her article says 20 freedmen were killed.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916095443/http://neh.gov/news/humanities/2004-01/reconstruction.html |date=2008-09-16 }}</ref><ref>Nicholas Lemann, ''Redemption: The Last Battle of the Civil War'', New York, [[Farrar, Straus & Giroux]], 2006, p.76-77. His book says five freedmen were killed.</ref>

The White League had organized to restore [[white supremacy]] by driving Republicans out of Louisiana, disrupting their political organizing, and intimidating or murdering [[freedmen]].<ref>Eric Foner, ''Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877'', New York: Perennial Classics, 2002, p.550</ref> Like the Red Shirts and other "White Line" organizations, they were described as "the military arm of the [[Democratic Party]]."

===Louisiana gubernatorial===
Democrat John McEnery and Republican William Pitt Kellogg both claimed victory. Five thousand members of the White League, made up largely of Confederate veterans, fought against the New Orleans Metropolitan Police and state militia. The insurgents held the statehouse, armory, and downtown for three days, retreating before the elected government was restored.

==See also==
*[[Battle of Athens (1946)]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Election Fraud}}
[[Category:Democratic Party]]
[[Category:Corruption]]

Democrat election fraud

2023-04-05T22:28:19Z

Aidanram0: I added citations to the 2022 section.

{{See also|2020 election fraud}}
[[File:Stalin-140508 27880t.jpg|right|200px|thumb|"It is enough that the people know there was an election. The people who cast the votes decide nothing. The people who count the votes decide everything." - [[Joseph Stalin]]<ref>https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/joseph_stalin_109571</ref>]]
With the rise of the [[Ku Klux Klan]] after passage of the [[13th Amendment|13th]] and [[14th Amendment]]s granting voting right to [[African American]]'s, [[Democrat]]s felt it was their sacred duty to rig elections and engage in all manner of [[voter fraud]],<ref>https://theredelephants.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/try.mp4?_=2</ref> ballot box stuffing, and [[voter suppression]].<ref>https://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/campaign/126295-democrat-part-still-disenfranchising-a-oppressing-votes?rl=1</ref> Indeed, respect for the principle of one-person-one-vote versus a belief that one is entitled to steal elections, remains a defining difference between [[Republican]]s and Democrats.

The following are instances of [[election fraud]] by the [[Democratic Party|Democrat Party]]:
[[File:No-negro-equality-l.jpg|right|300px|thumb|'''No Negro Equality!''' Democratic ticket from Ohio in 1867. [[Allen G. Thurman]] later ran as Democrat [[Grover Cleveland]] running mate.<ref>https://www.jewishpress.com/blogs/sultan-knish/the-racist-origins-of-president-trumps-impeachment/2021/02/22/</ref> Cleveland passed the [[United States Civil Service Commission|Civil Service Act]] which ended the spoils system and returned Democrats to power after their Civil War defeat.]]
==2022==
{{See also|2022 Midterm elections}}
In the state of Arizona, ballots that were printed too lightly to be read, particularly in Maricopa County, were counted as votes for [[Katie Hobbs]], disenfranchising voters. <ref> https://www.dailywire.com/news/maricopa-county-announces-investigation-into-election-printer-issues <ref> One lawsuit by [[Kari Lake]] is still being considered by its Supreme Court. <ref> https://www.dailywire.com/news/arizona-supreme-court-gives-kari-lakes-signature-verification-claim-a-shot <ref>
==2020==
[[File:Trump margin of victory before CCP cyber attack and vote switching.PNG|right|350px|thumb|Trump margin of victory (bottomline) in selected battleground states before Chinese vote switching cyber attack.]]
:{{See also|2020 Presidential election|Biden Putsch|Deep Rig|2020 Election fraud timeline}}
As of November 2020 [[Peter Neffenger]] was chairman of the [[corrupt]] [[voter fraud|ballot-stuffing]] and [[election fraud|election-rigging]] [[SmartMatic]] corporation.<ref>https://www.smartmatic.com/us/about/board-of-directors/detail/peter-neffenger/</ref> Neffenger was appointed to Biden's [[junta]] organization team.<ref>https://www.air.tv/watch?v=ir00pXx9QsKbvSdjsCy3nQ</ref>

Dr. Navid Keshavarz-Nia, with 35 years experience performing technical assessment, mathematical modeling, cyber-attack pattern analysis, and
security [[counterintelligence]] linked to foreign intelligence service operators, including [[China]], [[Iran]], [[North Korea]], and [[Russia]] and who has worked as a consultant and subject-matter expert supporting the [[Department of Defense]], [[FBI]] and US [[Intelligence Community]] (USIC) agencies such as the [[DIA]], [[CIA]], [[NSA]], NGA [National Geospatial Agency], and the [[DHS]] I&A [Office of Intelligence and Analysis] supporting counterintelligence, and [[law enforcement]] investigations and whom the ''[[New York Times]]'' describes as the "always the smartest person in the room,<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/09/opinion/sunday/garrison-courtney-spies-contracts.html</ref> testified under oath about Smartmatic and its role in the [[2020 Presidential election]]:
[[File:Electoral Map 11-10-20.png|right|350px|thumb|Electoral Map as of November 10, 2020. Biden 227, Trump 231, 80 uncounted.<ref>https://www.forexlive.com/news/!/decision-desk-trump-won-the-state-of-north-carolina-20201110</ref>]]
{{quotebox-float|"In my expert opinion, the DVS [ [[Dominion Voting Systems]] ] Democracy Suite, [[Scytl]]/SOE Software/eClarity and Smartmatic have not produced auditable results in the 2020 election. It is evident that ballots were not properly validated, system records were not kept, and the system experience considerable instability even several days prior to November 4, 2020 that require DVS to implement software changes at the last minute. In addition, the disparity in data distribution after 4:30 AM on November 4, 2020 indicates significant systemic anomalies that were widespread among all battleground states. The evidence is both extensive and persuasive and indicates large-scale [[fraud]] by remote operators.

"I conclude that a combination of lost cryptographic key contained on stolen USB memory cards, serious exploitable system and [[software]] vulnerabilities and operating system backdoor in DVS, Scytl, SOE Software/eClarity and Smartmatic created the perfect environment to commit widespread fraud in all states where these systems are installed. My analysis of the 2020 Election from ''NY Times'' data shows statistical anomalies across the battleground state votes. These failures are widespread and systemic - and sufficient to invalidate the [[vote]] counts.

"I conclude with high confidence that the election 2020 data were altered in all [[swing states|battleground states]] resulting in a hundreds of thousands of votes that were cast for [[President Trump]] to be transferred to [[Vice President Biden]]. These alterations were the result of systemic and widespread exploitable vulnerabilities in DVS, Scytl/SOE Software and Smartmatic systems that enabled operators to achieve
the desired results. In my view, the evidence is overwhelming and incontrovertible."<ref>https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.mied.350905/gov.uscourts.mied.350905.1.19.pdf</ref>}}
Following election night, counting stopped in five states (or parts of states): Georgia, Michigan, Nevada, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin; all but one with a Democrat governor, and all of which were close or showing a Trump lead. Concerns were raised by conservatives that counting had stopped in urban centers [[Philadelphia]], [[Detroit]], [[Milwaukee]], [[Las Vegas]], [[Atlanta]] and others in order to give the cities time to create sufficient fraudulent votes for Biden in order to win the cities' respective states.<ref name="theredelephants.com">https://theredelephants.com/there-is-undeniable-mathematical-evidence-the-election-is-being-stolen/</ref> [[Facebook]] shut down the #StopTheSteal hashtag group to illegally cover for the fraudsters and stop the whistleblowers from exposing the fraud.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/breaking-facebook-bans-pro-trump-stop-steal-page-gained-350000-followers-since-announced-wednesday/</ref><ref>https://www.defenseone.com/threats/2020/11/misinformation-2020-what-data-tells-us-about-election-related-falsehoods/169820/</ref> The [[GOP]] lost zero races for the [[U.S. House]] and won 8 of 11 governors races.
[[File:Dominion logo.png|right|350px|thumb|Dominion Voting Systems logo: Red ballots in, Blue ballots out.]]
One method to track fraudulent votes is to look closely at how many of the votes did little or no down-ticket voting. When manufacturing votes, it is too time consuming to vote for other officeholders. Statistical analysis showed wild numbers of people who voted only for Joe Biden and didn’t vote further down the ticket:<ref name="twitter.com">https://twitter.com/RaheemKassam/status/1325193658170134531</ref>
*Pennsylvania — 98,000
*Georgia — 80-90,000
*Arizona — 42,000
*Michigan — 69-115,000
*Wisconsin — 62,836
A standard [[voter fraud]] method, [[Benford's Law]], flags these votes as suspect.<ref name="thenationalpulse.com">https://thenationalpulse.com/politics/pennsylvania-vote-anomalies/</ref>

===Scytl===
[[File:Klain rigged elections.jpg|right|350px|thumb|Biden [[chief of staff]] [[Ron Klain]] publicly agrees that elections are rigged.<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2020/11/11/joe-biden-chief-of-staff-ron-klain-2014-yes-american-elections-are-rigged/</ref><ref>https://thefederalist.com/2020/11/12/bidens-pick-for-chief-of-staff-agrees-that-elections-are-rigged/</ref>]]
Days after it was revealed how 2020 US Elections were rigged by Canadian Crown Agent Dominion Voting Systems through a so-called “glitch”, GreatGameIndia found involvement of another dubious foreign company in US Election meddling. The votes cast by Americans were counted by a in [[Spain]] by a [[bankrupt]]ed Spanish company known as [[Scytl]]. Like Dominion Voting Systems, Scytl has a long history of election fraud in various nations including injecting backdoors in its election software. The issue has prompted experts to question why the sensitive job of counting votes was outsourced to a foreign company. How could a bankrupted Spanish company count American votes in Spain.

According to Gen. [[Tom McInerney]], servers were seized in [[Frankfurt, Germany]], where [[fraud]]ulent votes were being cooked up for [[Joe Biden]] during and after the [[2020 presidential election]]. The covert facility where these servers were being housed is run by the [[CIA]], and it is where elections all over the world are monitored and “cooked” to produce predetermined outcomes.<ref>https://nationalfile.com/the-kraken-retired-general-says-us-military-intel-group-nicknamed-kraken-seized-dominion-servers-in-germany/</ref>

Due to such widespread fraud, the Chairman of the US [[Federal Election Commission]] Trey Trainor believes that the 2020 US Presidential Elections is illegitimate.<ref>https://greatgameindia.com/us-election-bankrupted-spanish-scytl/</ref>

===''Texas v. Pennsylvania et al''===
:{{See also|Texas v. Pennsylvania}}
During the 2020 election cycle, changes to the election process in Pennsylvania were made by judges, state office holders and election officials which would never have been made by its state legislature.<ref>https://www.westernjournal.com/twj-exclusive-bombshell-new-legal-memo-giving-trump-supporters-hope-christmas-eve/</ref>

The complaint filed by the State of Texas alleged:<ref>https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/22/22O155/163048/20201208132827887_TX-v-State-ExpedMot%202020-12-07%20FINAL.pdf</ref>
voting irregularities that resulted from Defendant States’ unconstitutional actions include the following:
*Jesse Jacob, a decades-long City of Detroit employee assigned to work in the Elections Department for the 2020 election testified that she was “instructed not to look at any of the signatures on the absentee ballots, and I was instructed not to compare the signature on the absentee ballot with the signature on file” in direct contravention of MCL § 168.765a(6), which requires all signatures on ballots be verified.

*Ethan J. Pease,<ref>https://youtu.be/V9KXAdwjscI</ref> a box truck delivery driver subcontracted to the [[U.S. Postal Service]] (“USPS”) to deliver truckloads of mail-in ballots to the sorting center in Madison, WI, testified that USPS employees were backdating ballots received after November 3, 2020. Further, Pease testified how a senior USPA employee told him on November 4, 2020 that “An order came down from the Wisconsin/Illinois Chapter of the Postal Service that 100,000 ballots” and how the USPSA dispatched employees to “find[] … the ballots.” One hundred thousand ballots “found” after election day far exceeds former Vice President Biden margin of 20,565 votes over President Trump.

*On August 7, 2020, the League of Women Voters of Pennsylvania and others filed a complaint against Secretary Boockvar and other local election officials, seeking “a declaratory judgment that Pennsylvania existing signature verification procedures for mail-in voting” were unlawful for a number of reasons, ''League of Women Voters of Pennsylvania v. Boockvar'', which the Pennsylvania defendants quickly settled resulting in guidance issued on September 11, 2020, stating in relevant part: “The Pennsylvania Election Code does not authorize the county board of elections to set aside returned absentee or mailin ballots based solely on signature analysis by the county board of elections.”

*Acting under a generally worded clause that “Elections shall be free and equal,” a 4-3 majority of Pennsylvania’s Supreme Court in ''Pa. Democratic Party v. Boockvar'' extended the statutory deadline for mail-in ballots from Election Day to three days after Election Day and adopted a presumption that even non-postmarked ballots were presumptively timely. In addition, a great number of ballots were received after the statutory deadline. Because Pennsylvania misled this Court about segregating the late-arriving ballots and instead commingled those ballots, it is now impossible to verify Pennsylvania’s claim about the number of ballots affected.

*Contrary to Pennsylvania election law on providing poll-watchers access to the opening, counting, and recording of absentee ballots, local election officials in Philadelphia and Allegheny Counties decided not to follow 25 PA. STAT. § 3146.8(b).

*Prior to the election, Secretary Boockvar sent an email to local election officials urging them to provide opportunities for various persons—including political parties—to contact voters to “cure” defective mail-in ballots. This process clearly violated several provisions of the state election code. By removing the ballots for examination prior to seven o’clock a.m. on election day, Secretary Boockvar created a system whereby local officials could review ballots without the proper announcements, observation, and security. This entire scheme, which was only followed in Democrat majority counties, was blatantly illegal in that it permitted the illegal removal of ballots from their locked containers prematurely.

*On December 4, 2020, fifteen members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives issued a report to Congressman [[Scott Perry]] stating that “[t]he general election of 2020 in Pennsylvania was fraught with… documented irregularities and improprieties associated with mail-in balloting … [and] that the reliability of the mail-in votes in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is impossible to rely upon.” The report detailed, ''inter alia'', that more than 118,426 mail-in votes either had no mail date, were returned before they were mailed, or returned one day after the mail date. The Report also stated that, based on government reported data, the number of mail-in ballots sent by November 2, 2020 (2.7 million) somehow ballooned by 400,000, to 3.1 million on November 4, 2020, without explanation.

*On March 6, 2020, in ''Democratic Party of Georgia v. Raffensperger'', Georgia’s Secretary of State entered a Compromise Settlement Agreement and Release with the Democratic Party of Georgia (the “Settlement”) to materially change the statutory requirements for reviewing signatures on absentee ballot envelopes to confirm the voter’s identity by making it far more difficult to challenge defective signatures beyond the express mandatory procedures set forth at GA. CODE § 21-2-386(a)(1)(B), which is particularly disturbing because the legislature allowed persons other than the voter to apply for an absentee ballot, which means that the legislature likely was relying heavily on the signature-verification on ballots under GA. CODE § 21-2-386.

*Numerous poll challengers and an Election Department employee whistleblower have testified that the signature verification requirement was ignored in Wayne County in a case currently pending in the Michigan Supreme Court.

*The probability of former Vice President Biden winning the popular vote in the four Defendant States—Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin—independently given President Trump’s early lead in those States as of 3 a.m. on November 4, 2020, is less than one in a quadrillion, or 1 in 1,000,000,000,000,000. For former Vice President Biden to win these four States collectively, the odds of that event happening decrease to less than one in a quadrillion to the fourth power (i.e., 1 in 1,000,000,000,000,0004). See Decl. of Charles J. Cicchetti, Ph.D.

*The same less than one in a quadrillion statistical improbability of Mr. Biden winning the popular vote in the four Defendant States—Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin—independently exists when Mr. Biden’s performance in each of those Defendant States is compared to former Secretary of State Hilary Clinton’s performance in the 2016 general election and President Trump’s performance in the 2016 and 2020 general elections. Again, the statistical improbability of Mr. Biden winning the popular vote in these four States collectively is 1 in 1,000,000,000,000,0005.

*Georgia’s unconstitutional abrogation of the express mandatory procedures for challenging defective signatures on ballots set forth at GA. CODE § 21-2-386(a)(1)(B) resulted in far more ballots with unmatching signatures being counted in the 2020 election than if the statute had been properly applied. The 2016 rejection rate was more than seventeen times greater than in 2020. As a consequence, applying the rejection rate in 2016, which applied the mandatory procedures, to the ballots received in 2020 would result in a net gain for President Trump of 25,587 votes. This would be more than needed to overcome the Biden advantage of 12,670 votes, and Trump would win by 12,917 votes.

*The two Republican members of the Board rescinded their votes to certify the vote in Wayne County, and signed affidavits alleging they were bullied and misled into approving election results and do not believe the votes should be certified until serious irregularities in Detroit votes are resolved.

*The Wayne County Statement of Votes Report lists 174,384 absentee ballots out of 566,694 absentee ballots tabulated (about 30.8%) as counted without a registration number for precincts in the City of Detroit. The number of votes not tied to a registered voter by itself exceeds Vice President Biden’s margin of margin of 146,007 votes by more than 28,377 votes. The extra ballots cast most likely resulted from the phenomenon of Wayne County election workers running the same ballots through a tabulator multiple times, with Republican poll watchers obstructed or denied access, and election officials ignoring poll watchers’ challenges, as documented by numerous declarations.

===2020 Pennsylvania===
[[File:Pennsylvania-740x740.jpg|right|350px|thumb|Vote switching.]]
:{{See also|Pennsylvania election fraud}}
A non-partisan statistical analysis discovered "the number of Biden votes in ten of the outlier counties was 101%± of registered Democratic voters (vs the majority of other PA counties where it was 70%± — an extraordinary statistical difference). That is not logical or reasonably explainable legally. The most likely explanation is that excess votes were added to the Biden total that did not come from voters.“<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/news/stats-reveal-stuffing-the-tail-scheme-similar-to-sub-prime-scheme/</ref>

====PA illegal instructions from the Secretary of Commonwealth====
[[Democrat]] operative [[Kathy Boockvar]], who simultaneously was serving as Pennsylvania Secretary of Commonwealth in charge of elections, told the [[United States Supreme Court]] on October 28, 2020 that ballots received after 8 p.m. on November 3, 2020 would be segregated, but she changed the rules on November 1 and directed counties to canvass those ballots as soon as possible upon receipt. In some counties, it is not possible to both segregate and canvass ballots as directed. This directive leaves open the possibility that timely votes will be commingled with votes received after 8 p.m. on Election Day, despite the fact that these votes remain the subject of litigation before the United States Supreme Court.

The Department changed the rules again on November 2, 2020 when they provided last-second guidance directing counties to provide information to help voters whose mail-in or absentee ballots were incorrectly completed so those voters could vote on a provisional ballot. The late release of this “guidance” resulted in inconsistent application across the counties – some of whom contacted voters as directed and some who did not. There is no basis for this guidance in current law. The Secretary created this new process out of thin air.

At 8:38 p.m. on Monday, November 2 – less than 12 hours before the polls were to open – the Department issued an email to counties directing them to provide information to political party and candidate representatives regarding mail-in and absentee ballots which had been set aside because they failed to comply with the requirements of the Election Code in order to be counted, so that voters could come in and vote provisionally at the polls. The late release of this “guidance” resulted in inconsistent application across the counties, some of whom contacted voters as directed and some who did not; such differential treatment is wholly inappropriate and a direct result of Boockvar’s scattershot approach to [[Pennsylvania]]’s elections.<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2020/11/04/pennsylvania-republican-senators-call-on-pa-secretary-of-state-to-resign/</ref><ref>https://www.bitchute.com/video/xUWA4CqzQ6pN/</ref>

====PA Facebook illegal funding====
Urban counties such as Allegheny (Pittsburgh), Philadelphia, and Delaware County received over $10 million in private grants that imposed strict conditions on the conduct of elections without legislative approval, violating state laws prohibiting the use of private money to pay for
federal elections.

Documents obtained through court order revealed communication between the City of Philadelphia and the [[Center for Technology and Civic Life]] (CTCL) emphasizing that CTCL paid election judges in Philadelphia and other election officials. [[CTCL]] mandated Philadelphia to increase its polling locations and to use drop boxes and eventually mobile pick-up units. Moreover, Facebook CEO [[Mark Zuckerberg]] monies allowed Philadelphia to “cure” absentee ballots in a manner not provided for in Republican areas of the state.

In Democrat Delaware County, Pennsylvania, one drop box was placed every four square miles and for every 4,000 voters. In the 59 counties carried by Trump in 2016, there was one drop box for every 1,100 square miles and every 72,000 voters. Government using public or private funding to facilitate a targeted demographic to turn out the vote while targeting another demographic to suppress the vote is an [[equal rights]] violation of the l4th Amendment. This two-tiered election system allowed voters in Democrat strongholds to stroll down the street to vote while voters in Republican strongholds were ignored and left in the dark.

====PA ballot dump====

Trump led by almost 800,000 votes on election night after most Americans headed to bed. Over the course of the next 72 hours, President Trump’s lead shrunk to less than a 95,000 vote lead in the keystone state, and then Joe Biden took the lead. Batches of votes started flowing into the final tally, mostly in favor of Joe Biden. [[Five Thirty Eight]] reported that “Two more batches of Pennsylvania vote were reported: 23,277 votes in Philadelphia, all for Biden."

====PA 682,770 estimated ballots processed with no observers====
[[File:Montgomery County vote.png|right|350px|thumb|Biden, who beat Barack Obama’s popular vote record, received several tens of thousands of more votes than registered Democrats in the above counties. The Biden votes are unusually in excess of ~244,000.<ref>file:///C:/Users/Owner/Downloads/483437334-PA-Voter-Analysis-Young.pdf</ref>]]
The Pennsylvania Appeals Court issued an order that said
{{quotebox-float|“effective immediately … all candidates, watchers, or candidate representatives [shall] be permitted to be present for the canvassing process … and be permitted to observe all aspects of the canvassing process within 6 feet, while adhering to all COVID-19 protocols, including, wearing masks and maintaining social distancing.”<ref>https://twitter.com/ZoeTillman/status/1324376367916605447</ref>}}
[[Philadelphia]] Democrat election officials refused to comply with the order,<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2020/11/03/the-steal-is-on-in-pennsylvania-poll-watchers-denied-access-illegal-campaigning-at-polling-locations/</ref><ref>https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/gop-poll-watchers-are-denied-access-in-philadelphia</ref> and the Democrat [[Sheriff]], a Biden supporter, refused to enforce the Appeals Court order.<ref>https://nationalfile.com/what-are-you-hiding-trump-campaign-says-philly-sheriff-wont-enforce-order-allowing-gop-observers/</ref>

The Trump campaign then filed a lawsuit in [[federal]] district court claiming that the Board of Elections is “nonetheless continuing to count ballots, without any observations by any representatives or poll watchers of President Trump and the Republican Party.”<ref>https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/7325351/11-5-20-Trump-Campaign-v-Philadelphia-Board-of.pdf</ref> The lawsuit claims that Trump campaign observers were denied access altogether in some instances in Philadelphia County. The county’s elections board did not permit the Trump campaign’s observers to be within 6 feet of “all aspects” of the pre-canvassing process in violation of Commonwealth Court Judge Christine Fizzano Cannon’s November 5, 2020, order requiring that poll-watchers “be permitted to observe all aspects of the canvassing process within 6 feet.” The lawsuit states,
[[File:PA mail-in fraud.jpeg|right|350px|thumb|Pennsylvania mailed out 1.8 Million mail-in ballots, buy got back 2.5 million.<ref>https://youtu.be/2AYSs77k2tY</ref>]]
{{quotebox-float|“It is estimated that 680,770 ballots were processed by the Allegheny and Philadelphia County Boards of Elections when no observation was allowed.”}}
115% of Pennsylvania registered Democrats voted for Biden. Biden received 1.24 to 1.43 times greater than either [[Hillary Clinton]] or [[Barack Obama]] in predominant Republican counties.<ref name="twitter.com"/>

====PA violations of equal protection====
Pennsylvania election officials took unlawful steps to pre-canvass mail-in ballots and help voters “cure” flawed ballots that had missing or incorrect information or otherwise failed to meet legal criteria designed to prevent fraud.

Secretary of State Kathleen Boockvar exceeded her authority by issuing guidance granting permission for counties to engage in these unlawful practices. She issued this guidance less than 24 hours before polls closed — insufficient time for counties that had not engaged in those practices to take advantage of them, even if the guidance were legitimate.

These practices resulted in well over 100,000 potentially fraudulent ballots, according to analysis by data experts.<ref>Metcalfe, Daryl D, et al. v. Wolf, Bookvar, et al, Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania Complaint Filing WCMWHB00816378.</ref>

====PA no down ballot voting====
Another way to track fraudulent votes is to look closely at how many of the votes did little or no down-ticket voting. When manufacturing votes, it is too time consuming to vote for other officeholders.<ref name="thenationalpulse.com"/>

====PA dead people voting====
A lawsuit filed by the Public Interest Legal Foundation (PILF) alleges that there are at least 21,000 dead people on Pennsylvania’s voter rolls.<ref>https://andmagazine.com/talk/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Reduced_WA-PA-Deceased-Voters-1.pdf</ref> The lawsuit claims that Pennsylvania failed to “reasonably maintain” their voter registration records under federal and state law in time for the 2020 presidential election. The lawsuit states:
{{quotebox-float|“As of October 7, 2020, at least 9,212 registrants have been dead for at least five years, at least 1,990 registrants have been dead for at least ten years, and at least 197 registrants have been dead for at least twenty years."<ref name="theredelephants.com">https://theredelephants.com/there-is-undeniable-mathematical-evidence-the-election-is-being-stolen/</ref>}}
[[File:Penn-stolen-switched--360x188.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Millions of viewers witnessed in real time on [[CNN]] nearly 20,000 votes switched from Trump to Biden in a matter of seconds.]]
According to the lawsuit, about 92 percent of the 21,000 dead people on Pennsylvania’s voter rolls died sometime before October 2019. About 216 dead people show voting credits after federally listed dates of death in 2016 and 2018, the lawsuit alleges.

Republican candidates and officials also filed a lawsuit challenging Montgomery county officials’ decision to notify voters whose ballots are defective and giving them a chance to “cure” the defects—something not authorized under state law.failing to maintain accurate voter rolls and remove individuals who have died, moved out of state, or otherwise become ineligible to vote.<ref>https://www.heritage.org/crime-and-justice/commentary/what-know-about-litigation-being-waged-across-us-preserve-trump</ref>

====PA Dominion Election Systems====
Russell Ramsland of Allied Security Systems confirms that data breaches in the Dominion software permitted rogue actors to penetrate and manipulate the [[software]] during the recent general election. He further concludes that at least 96,600 mail-in ballots were illegally counted as they were not cast by legal voters.

===2020 Michigan===
[[File:2020-11-04.jpg|right|300px|thumb]]
:{{See also|Michigan election fraud}}
In October 2020, [[Judicial Watch]] released a study of Census Bureau population statistics and state voter registration data. The study found 105% more registered voters than people in [[Michigan]].<ref>https://www.judicialwatch.org/press-releases/new-jw-study-voter-registration/</ref>

Recorded ballot counts in 72% of [[Detroit]]'s absentee voting precincts didn't match the number of ballots cast, spurring officials to ask the state to investigate ahead of the [[2020 presidential election]].

Without an explanation from Detroit election workers for the mismatches, the Wayne County Board of Canvassers requested [[Secretary of State]] [[Jocelyn Benson]]'s office to examine the "training and processes" used in Detroit's August 4, 2020 primary, which one official described as a "perfect storm" of challenges. The board is charged with certifying election results.

In 46% of all Detroit's precincts — absentee and Election Day — vote counts were out of balance, according to information presented to the Wayne County Board of Canvassers. Specifically, the number of ballots tracked in precinct poll books did not match the number of ballots counted.

The situation could amplify the spotlight on [[absentee ballot]]s in Michigan ahead of an election for which record levels of mail-in voting are expected and [[President Donald Trump]] raised concerns about how votes will be handled.

The election results for the primary weren't incorrect, said Jonathan Kinloch, a [[Democrat]] and one of the canvassing board's four members. But, he said, something had gone wrong in the process of tracking ballots precinct by precinct.

Having balanced precincts is particularly important in Michigan because precincts whose poll books don’t match with ballots can’t be recounted, according to state law. Instead, the original election results would stand.<ref>https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2020/08/20/benson-asked-investigate-detroit-perfect-storm-voting-problems/5616629002/</ref>

====Sec. of State Jocelyn Benson illegal activities====
Michigan Secretary of State [[Jocelyn Benson]] gave private activist organizations direct access to the state’s voter files, which should only be accessible to election clerks. She also violated a state law requiring signatures for absentee ballot requests by establishing online voter
registration without statutory authority, and unilaterally decided — without legislative approval — to send absentee ballot request forms to every household in the state, without even checking to see whether the registered voters listed for each address had died or moved.

====MI Detroit/Wayne Count election fraud====
In a lawsuit against the Detroit Election Commission following the [[2020 presidential election]], election observers alleged:<ref>https://greatlakesjc.org/wp-content/uploads/Complaint-Costantino-FINAL-With-Exhibits.pdf</ref>
{{quotebox|a.Defendants systematically processed and counted ballots from voters whose name failed to appear in either the Qualified Voter File (QVF) or in the supplemental sheets. When a voter’s name could not be found, the election worker assigned the ballot to a random name already in the QVF to a person who had not voted.

b.Defendants instructed election workers to not verify signatures on absentee ballots, to backdate absentee ballots, and to process such ballots regardless of their validity.

c.After election officials announced the last absentee ballots had been received, another batch of unsecured and unsealed ballots, without envelopes, arrived in trays at the TCF Center. There were tens of thousands of these absentee ballots, and apparently every ballot was counted and attributed only to Democratic candidates.

d.Defendants instructed election workers to process ballots that appeared after the election deadline and to falsely report that those ballots had been received prior to November 3, 2020 deadline.

e.Defendants systematically used false information to process ballots, such as using incorrect or false birthdays. Many times, the election workers inserted new names into the QVF after the election and recorded these new voters as having a birthdate of 1/1/1900.

f.On a daily basis leading up to the election, City of Detroit election workers and 4 Great Lakes Justice Center employees coached voters to vote for Joe Biden and the Democrat party. These workers and employees encouraged voters to do a straight Democrat ballot. These election workers and employees went over to the voting booths with voters in order to watch them vote and coach them for whom to vote.

g.Unsecured ballots arrived at the TCF Center loading garage, not in sealed ballot boxes, without any chain of custody, and without envelopes.

h.Defendant election officials and workers refused to record challenges to their processes and removed challengers from the site if they politely voiced a challenge.

i.After poll challengers started discovering the fraud taking place at the TCF Center, Defendant election officials and workers locked credentialed challengers out of the counting room so they could not observe the process, during which time tens of thousands of ballots were processed.

j.Defendant election officials and workers allowed ballots to be duplicated by hand without allowing poll challengers to check if the duplication was accurate. In fact, election officials and workers repeatedly obstructed poll challengers from observing. Defendants permitted thousands of ballots to be filled out by hand and duplicated on-site without oversight from poll challengers.}}

====Michigan lawsuits====
Excerpts of election oddities from ''[[Michigan#Trump v. Michigan|Trump v. Michigan]]''.<ref>https://cdn.donaldjtrump.com/public-files/press_assets/1.-11-10-20-trump-v.-benson-w.d.-mich.-complaint-final.pdf</ref>

====MI statistical analysis====
Dr. Eric Quinell, Ph.D. analyzed the extraordinary increase in turnout from 2016 to 2020 in a relatively small subset of townships and
precincts outside of Detroit in Wayne County and Oakland County, and more importantly how nearly 100% or more of all “new” voters from 2016 to 2020 voted for Biden. Using publicly available information from Wayne County and Oakland County, Dr. Quinell first found that for the votes received up to the 2016 turnout levels, the 2020 vote Democrat vs. Republican two-ways distributions (i.e., excluding third parties) tracked the 2016 Democrat vs. Republican distribution very closely, which was 55%-45% for Wayne County (outside Detroit) and 54%/46% for Oakland County.

However, after the 2016 turnout levels were reached, the Democrat vs. Republican vote share shifts decisively towards Biden by approximately 15 points, resulting in a 72%/28% D/R split for Oakland County and 70%/30% D/R split for Wayne County (outside of Detroit). What is even more anomalous – and suspicious – is the fact that nearly all of these “new” votes in excess of 2016 come from a small number of townships/precincts where the increased Biden vote share is nearly 100% or over 100% for Biden. For example, in the township of Livonia in Wayne County, Biden gained 3.2 voters for every 1 new Trump voter, and Biden receive 97% of all “new” votes over 2016 and 151% of all new voter registrations. In the township of Troy in Oakland County, the vote share shifted from 51%/49% in 2016 to 80%/20% in 2020 due to Biden receiving 98% of new votes above 2016 and 109% of new voter registrations. Looking county-wide, Biden gained 2.32 new voters over 2016
levels to every 1 new Trump voter in Wayne County (outside Detroit) and 2.54 additional new voters per Trump voter for Oakland County.

Based on these statistically anomalous results that occurred in a handful of townships in these two counties, Dr. Quinell’s model determined that there were 40,771 anomalous votes in Wayne County (outside Detroit) and 46,125 anomalous votes in Oakland County, for a total of nearly 87,000 anomalous votes or approximately 65% of Biden’s purported lead in Michigan.<ref>https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1332169019143704579.html</ref>

The expert witness testimony of Russell James Ramsland, Jr. identified an event that occurred in Michigan on November 4, 2020 that is “physically impossible”. The “event" reflected in the data are “4 spikes totaling 384,733 ballots allegedly processed in a combined
interval of 2 hour[s] and 38 minutes” for four precincts/townships in four Michigan counties (Wayne, Oakland, Macomb ne and Kent). Based on Mr. Ramsland’s analysis of the voting machines available at the referenced locations, he determined that the maximum processing capability during this period was only 94,867 ballots, so that “there were 289,866 more ballots processed in the time available for processing in the four precincts/townships, than there was processing capacity.”<ref>https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.gand.283580/gov.uscourts.gand.283580.7.1_2.pdf</ref> This amount is alone is nearly twice the number of ballots by which Biden purportedly leads President Trump (i.e., approximately 154,180).

====MI ballot dump====
[[File:Early morning ballot dumps Nov. 4, 2020.png|right|300px|thumb|Four highly anomalous ballot dumps highlighted in yellow account for the "win" in Michigan, Wisconsin, and Georgia and represent forty-two electoral votes.<ref>https://votepatternanalysis.substack.com/p/voting-anomalies-2020</ref>]]
Tens of thousands of [[absentee ballot]]s arrived in large [[U.S. Postal Service]] boxes at the TCF Center in Detroit at 3:30am on November 4, 2020, the day after the [[2020 Presidential election]]. The TCF Center, formerly Cobo Hall, is where the absentee ballots are counted for Wayne County, which is the home of Detroit.

Former Michigan state senator Patrick Colbeck wrote that the total number of ballots dumped on the counting board totaled 38,000:<ref>https://vidmax.com/video/199326-poll-watcher-describes-how-a-mysterious-van-with-35k-votes-arrived-at-4am</ref>
{{quotebox-float|"Before the ballots showed up mysteriously at 3:30 am, no ballots had arrived at the TCF Center for over six hours, and many poll workers in the facility sat around with no work to do while getting paid hundreds of dollars by the state of Michigan.}}
According to Michigan election law, all of these mail-in and absentee ballots had to be submitted before 8 PM on Tuesday night in order to be lawfully accepted and counted for the election. This means the city of Detroit potentially sat on these ballots for hours. The white van that arrived had the name of Detroit city clerk Janice Winfrey emblazoned upon it as well as a logo and a phone number.<ref>https://bigleaguepolitics.com/tens-of-thousands-of-ballots-dropped-off-in-usps-boxes-at-detroit-absentee-ballot-processing-center-at-330-am-after-election/</ref>

At 4am, a Ferrari, and a Chrysler van with out of state plates pulled into the Detroit TCF facility (formerly Cobo Hall) with ballots inside the vehicles.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/update-from-detroit-democrat-operatives-are-threatening-gop-poll-watchers-they-are-hiding-the-line-in-back-where-votes-are-counted/</ref> Poll watcher Connie Johnson testified:
{{quotebox-float|“As they started counting the ballots, he was astonished that every single ballot, literally 100 percent of 130,000 ballots, were all Biden ballots that hadn’t been delivered to the precinct before the cut off time. We literally have people that watched it happen. We have poll challengers that have been barred from being able to go into this room to challenge ballots. We’ve had GOP members removed from the room....It’s really heartbreaking that this is what we have stooped to and allowed as a country. It is disgusting what is happening in Detroit. It’s about major fraud on a major scale… that was very well organized."<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/watch-ballot-count-watcher-describes-least-130000-ballots-biden-arriving-three-vehicles-detroit-dead-night/</ref>}}

====MI unsupervised counting====
Michigan election officials failed to provide meaningful observation of the vote counting process, a violation of the Michigan Constitution [Const. 1963, art 2, § 4(1)(h)], as well as state statute [MCL § 168.765a(12)]. The refusal to allow observers to oversee the process resulted in significant abnormalities. In Detroit, for instance, 71% of the city’s 134 Absent Vote Counter Boards (AVCB) were left unbalanced without explanation. As a result of these violations, data experts identified more than 500,000 potentially fraudulent
ballots.<ref>Michigan Supreme Court Case No. 162286.</ref>

Republicans started off Election Day with a few dozen GOP poll watchers. The party called in more workers. The number of GOP poll workers then climbed to several hundred by noon. There was a GOP watcher at nearly each table in the center. After they went to lunch the GoP poll watchers were not allowed back in.<ref>https://twitter.com/kayleighmcenany/status/1324091003947622402</ref><ref>https://www.citizenfreepress.com/breaking/shady-behavior-in-detroit/</ref> Democrat operatives became very hostile and threatening.<ref>https://twitter.com/aricnesbitt/status/1324105401814626304</ref> Vote counters with [[BLM]] masks were allowed into the center.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/breaking-detroit-officials-now-blocking-gop-poll-workers-re-entering-tfc-center-police-called/</ref>

In an October 2020 interview with ABC 7 News, Winfrey set the stage to drag out the process:
{{quotebox-float|“We’re back in control, and we know that we will have nearly 10,000 poll workers that will be working with us to process ballots on election day, or election week is what we’re calling it now, because we know we’re going to be slow.”}}
[[President Donald Trump]] had a sizable lead. Then suddenly [[Joe Biden]] jumped up 200,000 votes.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/voter-fraud-michigan-massive-dump-200000-ballots-biden-sudden-show-overnight/</ref><ref>https://www.citizenfreepress.com/breaking/alert-michigan-county-removes-totals-following-report-of-skewed-results/</ref> The Trump campaign, as well as the U.S. Senate campaign of GOP businessman and Iraq war veteran [[John James]], accused Michigan election officials of chicanery after thousands of ballots appeared in the middle of the night following Election Day. The campaigns also were outraged that GOP election observers were denied access to ballot counting facility in Detroit after poll workers placed large sheets of cardboard over windows, obscuring the public’s view.

====MI no down ballot voting====
Trump received 2,637,173 votes while the GOP senate candidate received 2,630,042 votes. The difference here is only 7,131 which is not far off from what we see historically. In the same state, Joe Biden received 2,787,544 votes while the Democratic senate candidate received 2,718,451. The difference is 69,093 votes which is much higher than the historical norm.

====MI dead people voting====
An observer noticed something curious about some of the names on the ballots. Upon further review, one particular name out of the list, and confirmed to have cast a ballot,<ref>https://theredelephants.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/HxGKud6M7W3Zeg5A.mp4?_=3</ref> happened to be born in 1902 and passed away in 1984. A pollster noticed the list and video, and used [[social security]] death index data confirming the deceased registered voter. Over 14,000 dead people were found who either voted in Wayne County (Detroit) or were registered to vote. Another poll watcher who was later kicked out for taking photographs, noticed a decent sized list of Michigan residents who have also been confirmed to have cast their ballots. All of the names on the list he reviewed show their birthdate in chronological order.<ref name="theredelephants.com">https://theredelephants.com/there-is-undeniable-mathematical-evidence-the-election-is-being-stolen/</ref>

The campaigns also were outraged that GOP election observers were denied access to ballot counting facility in Detroit after poll workers placed large sheets of cardboard over windows, obscuring the public’s view. Michigan Attorney General Dana Nessel asked state residents to stop telling her staff to shove Sharpie markers up their butts after a state judge threw out a lawsuit by the Trump campaign which sought to halt ballot counts. Nessel tweeted:
{{quotebox-float|“Dear members of the public: Please stop making harassing & threatening calls to my staff. They are kind, hardworking public servants just doing their job. Asking them to shove sharpies in uncomfortable places is never appropriate & is a sad commentary on the state of our nation."<ref>https://twitter.com/dananessel/status/1324441365091131394</ref>}}
The Sharpie reference is tied to allegations of poll irregularities contained in an [[Arizona]] lawsuit alleging that ballots marked with the felt-tipped pens were rejected at some voting centers. In one video posted to [[social media]], two women claimed that Sharpie-marked ballots were not being accepted but ballots marked with regular ballpoint pens were at one voting station. “So, they’re invalidating votes is what they’re doing,” a man off-camera taking the video says. “Yes,” one woman, also off-camera, responded. “I used your pen and then I brought it back to you and I said give this to somebody because it works,” a woman on-camera said. “Yes, yes, and so we know that, and we’ve been telling them, ‘You need to use a ballpoint pen, not the Sharpie,’ and now those are getting invalidated,” said the man. On Election Day, Maricopa County officials claimed in a video posted to social media that Sharpies are okay to use when marking ballots despite current state guidance indicating felt-tip markers not be used for ballots.<ref>https://www.bizpacreview.com/2020/11/06/michigan-ag-pleads-with-residents-to-stop-telling-staff-to-shove-sharpies-up-their-rear-ends-993535</ref>

====MI Dominion/Scorecard fraud====
[[File:Antrim County.png|right|350px|thumb|Vote switching in Antrim County, MI.<ref>https://www.9and10news.com/content/uploads/2020/12/Antrim_Michigan_Forensics_Report_121320_v2_REDACTED.pdf</ref>]]
An independent forensic audit of Dominion’s machines concluded:
{{quotebox-float|“The Dominion Voting System is intentionally and purposefully designed with inherent errors to create systemic fraud and influence election results. ...The intentional errors lead to bulk adjudication of ballots with no oversight, transparency, and no audit trail. This leads to voter or election fraud. Based on our study we conclude that the Dominion Voting System should not be used in Michigan....The allowable election error rate established by the [[Federal Election Commission]] guidelines is of 1 in 250,000 ballots (.0008%). We observed an error rate of 68.05%. This demonstrated a significant and fatal error in security and election integrity."<ref>https://www.depernolaw.com/uploads/2/7/0/2/27029178/antrim_michigan_forensics_report_[121320]_v2_[redacted].pdf</ref>}}
Melissa Carone was a contractor for [[Dominion Voting Systems]] to do IT work at the TCF Center. Carone gave an interview to Redpill78 on Twitch.<ref>https://www.twitch.tv/videos/798796260?t=0h15m8s</ref> Carone states in a sworn affidavit that she “witnessed nothing but fraudulent actions take place”. Carone testified,<ref>https://www.greatlakesjc.org/wp-content/uploads/Supplemental-Brief-Motion-for-TRO-Costantino.pdf</ref>
{{quotebox-float|3. The counters (which were trained very little or not at all), were handed a "batch" (stack of 50) of mail-in ballots in which they would run through the tabulator. The tabulators would get jammed 4-5 times an hour, when they jammed the computer would put out an error that tells the worker the ballot number that was jammed and gives an option to either discard the batch or continue scanning at which the counter should discard the batch, put the issue ballot on top of the batch and rescan the entire batch. I witnessed countless workers rescanning the batches without discarding them first which resulted in ballots being counted 4-5 times.

4. At approximately midnight I was called over to assist one of the counters with a paper jam and noticed his PC had a number of over 400 ballots scanned- which means one batch was counted over 8 times. This happened countless times while I was at the TCF Center. I confronted my manager, Nick Ikonornakis saying how big of a problem this was, Nick told me he didn't want to hear that we have a big problem. He told me we are here to do assist with IT work, not to run their election.

5. The adjudication process, from my understanding there's supposed to be a republican and a democrat judging these ballots. I overheard numerous workers talking during shift change in which over 20 machines had two democrats judging the ballots-resulting in an unfair process.

6. Next, I want to describe what went on during shift change, it was a chaotic disaster. It took over two hours for workers to arrive at their "assigned areas", over 30 workers were taken upstairs and told they didn't have a job for them to do. These people were chosen to be counters, in which 6 workers admitted to me that they received absolutely no training at all.

7. The night shift workers were free to come and go as they pleased, they could go out and smoke from the counting room. This is illegal, as there were boxes and stacks of ballots everywhere, anyone could have taken some out or brought some in, and No one was watching them.

8. There was two vans that pulled into the garage of the counting room, one on day shift and one on night shift. These vans were apparently bringing food into the building because they only had enough food for not even 1/3 of the workers. I never saw any food corning out of these vans, coincidently it was announced on the news that Michigan had discovered over 100,000 more ballots- not even two hours after the last van left.

9. When a worker had a ballot that they either could not read, or it had something spilled on it, they would go to a table that had blank ballots on it and fill it out. They were supposed to be filling them out exactly like the one they had received but this was not the case at all. The workers would also sign the name of the person that the ballot belonged to-which is clearly illegal.

13. I called the FBI and made a report with them, I was told that I will be getting a call back.}}
Dr. [[Shiva Ayyadurai]] of [[MIT]], the inventor of email, did a statistical analysis of voting integrity in Michigan during a video livestream presentation.<ref>https://www.pscp.tv/w/1BdGYYjgkgQGX</ref> Dr. Shyiva demonstrated statistically how an [[algorithm]] took about 60,000 votes away from President Trump and gave them to Joe Biden in Oakland County, Michigan during the course of election day. He demonstrated the same pattern in Macomb County.

The slope of linear decline of Trump votes hour-by-hour in Oakland, Macomb, and Kent County, Michigan, was the same in predominantly Republican precincts. The public data reveal algorithm-manipulated tampering to transfer Trump votes from Republicans to Biden.

"The United States voting systems, the inputs and the outputs, are unverifiable," says Dr. Shiva, as many jurisdictions don't verify if a real person legally voted (no voter ID), and if the real votes were indeed tabulated truthfully (ballots or images are not preserved).

In violation of federal law concerning candidates for federal office, [[Massachusetts]] destroys ballots and images on election day, Dr. Shiva says.

Shiva says he was banned from Twitter for saying this, even though he had it confirmed by the Massachusetts [[secretary of state]].

Dominion voting systems is set up to make it easy to change & delete results. A [[NeverTrump|Resistance member]] with administrator access in a warehouse full of machines can enter whatever result, and delete previous results.<ref>https://twitter.com/PlaysTrumpCard/status/1326508337140207619</ref><ref>[https://www.sos.state.co.us/pubs/elections/VotingSystems/DVS-DemocracySuite511/documentation/UG-RTR-UserGuide-5-11-CO.pdf Democracy Suite® EMS Results Tally & Reporting User Guide], Version: 5.11-CO::7, May 28, 2019</ref>

===2020 Georgia===
[[File:GA PA election fraud.png|right|350px|thumb|New York Times Election Report Reveals
104,984 Stolen Votes in GA.<ref>https://centralcitynews.us/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Central-City-News-11-19-20-Small.pdf</ref>]]
:{{See also|Georgia election fraud}}
On March 6, 2020 the Georgia Secretary of State, [[Brad Raffensperger]], a Republican, signed off on a secret legal agreement with the [[Democratic Party]] of Georgia, the [[Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee]], and the [[Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee]] to alter [[absentee ballot]] procedures in [[Georgia]].<ref>https://www.dropbox.com/s/ta0rze1m3flzk5o/2020-11-13%20Complaint%20-%20L.%20Wood%20v.%20Raffensperger%20et%20al.pdf?dl=0</ref> The Democrats’ attorney for this secret deal was [[Marc Elias]] from [[Perkins Coie]],<ref>https://www.indiarightnownews.com/lin-wood-files-lawsuit-challenging-georgias-secretary-of-states-dark-unconstitutional-agreement-with-hillary-attorney-marc-elias/</ref> the bagman for [[Hillary Clinton]] who hire [[FusionGPS]] to write the ''[[Steele dossier]]'' during the [[2016 presidential election]].

Raffensperger announced the state’s purchase of a $106 million election system from Dominion Voting Systems in July 2019. In a lawsuit, which originated in 2017, critics contend that the new system was subject to many of the same security vulnerabilities as the one it was replacing.

In an October 11, 2020 order, just weeks prior to the 2020 presidential election, U.S. District Judge Amy Totenberg agreed with the concerns associated with the new Dominion voting system, writing that the case presented “serious system security vulnerability and operational issues that may place Plaintiffs and other voters at risk of deprivation of their fundamental right to cast an effective vote that is accurately counted.”

“The Court’s Order has delved deep into the true risks posed by the new BMD voting system as well as its manner of implementation. These risks are neither hypothetical nor remote under the current circumstances,” Judge Totenberg wrote in her order.<ref>https://casetext.com/case/curling-v-raffensperger-3</ref>

====GA Dominion Election Systems====
[[File:Dominion-states-522x600.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Dominion election equipment with [[Chinese]] components used in 28 states.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/huge-corrupted-software-used-michigan-county-stole-6000-votes-trump-also-used-swing-states-uses-chinese-computer-parts-machines/</ref>]]
There were problems with the vote counting software of [[Dominion Election Systems]] used in 28 states. Georgia has four counties that experienced technical problems. Spalding and Morgan counties,<ref>https://www.lawofficer.com/two-georgia-counties-using-same-software-of-michigan-counties-encounter-software-glitches/</ref> Gwinnett (which led to a delay counting absentee ballots), and Fulton (which led to people being asked to fill out provisional ballots). Fulton has also indicated a problem with their vote count reporting leading to a rescanning of some ballots.<ref>https://bigleaguepolitics.com/georgia-secretary-of-state-dispatches-investigators-to-atlanta-arena-after-fulton-county-discovers-election-reporting-issue/</ref>

Voters were unable to cast machine ballots for a couple of hours in Morgan and Spalding counties after the electronic devices crashed, state officials said. The companies “uploaded something last night, which is not normal, and it caused a glitch,” said Marcia Ridley, elections supervisor at Spalding County Board of Election. That "glitch" prevented poll workers from using the pollbooks to program smart cards that the voters insert into the voting machines. “That is something that they don’t ever do. I’ve never seen them update anything the day before the election,” Ridley said. Ridley said she did not know what the upload contained.<ref>https://www.politico.com/news/2020/11/04/georgia-election-machine-glitch-434065</ref>

[[Sidney Powell]] filed an emergency demand to seize all voting machines for a forensic audit.<ref>https://www.bizpacreview.com/2020/11/29/sidney-powell-files-emergency-demand-to-seize-all-voting-machines-for-forensic-audit-1000468</ref> A federal judge intervened in the election fraud suit.<ref>https://sharylattkisson.com/2020/11/read-federal-judge-orders-georgia-voting-machines-be-preserved-then-reverses-hearing-set-for-friday/</ref> The judge first blocked, then unblocked, then blocked again wiping or resetting the election machines.<ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/judge-blocks-then-unblocks-georgia-from-wiping-or-resetting-election-machines_3597691.html</ref> Secretary of State [[Brad Raffensperger]] ordered the Dominion machines to be wiped. [https://youtu.be/EwyCk7l0owM]

A Dominion server crashed during the presidential recount.<ref>https://freedomjournalist.com/dominion-server-crashes-during-georgia-recount/</ref> The servers were being wiped in [[Atlanta]] and Fulton county.<ref>https://youtu.be/1OeKQV_xOJU</ref> A Dominion server had been removed from Fulton county.<ref>https://www.zerohedge.com/political/powell-dominion-server-removed-fulton-county-while-lawyers-sought-restraining-order</ref> Lawyers representing the state of Georgia defended Dominion’s ‘trade secrets’ to stop inspection of machines,<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/breaking/bizarre-georgia-govt-lawyers-defended-dominions-trade-secrets-to-stop-forensic-analysis-of-machines-software/</ref> and warned the judge of ‘grave consequences’ if election officials were not allowed to wipe and reset the voting machines.
<ref>https://www.bizpacreview.com/2020/12/05/georgia-officials-warn-judge-of-grave-consequences-if-theyre-not-allowed-to-wipe-reset-voting-machines-1002534/</ref>

A video showed hidden suitcases full of ballots in the State Farm Arena in Atlanta.<ref name="youtu.be">https://youtu.be/nVP_60Hm4P8</ref><ref>https://youtu.be/09-XkfJLgCs</ref><ref>https://youtu.be/A3sqPxsbM1k</ref><ref>https://youtu.be/-lRfVS_aNX8</ref><ref>https://youtu.be/oGoXq2OsUYs</ref><ref>https://www.citizenfreepress.com/breaking/ruby-freemans-daughter-provided-the-suitcase-of-votes-photos/</ref> The ballots were counted during the alleged "water pipe break".<ref>https://www.news.com.au/world/north-america/us-politics/slow-leak-text-messages-cast-doubt-on-georgia-officials-burst-pipe-excuse-for-pause-in-counting/news-story/19176f5113512210517c82debe684392</ref> Gov. [[Brian Kemp]] allegedly called for a signature audit.<ref>https://youtu.be/zCme9vXj8iA</ref>

it was confirmed: [[Dominion Voting Systems|Domininion]] machines were tampered with prior to the [[2020 presidential election]].<ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/dominion-voting-machines-were-updated-before-election-georgia-official-confirms_3604668.html1</ref> Dominion had remote desktop access to voting machines.<ref>https://gellerreport.com/2020/12/georgia-dominion-had-remote-desktop-access-to-voting-machines-poll-pads.html/</ref> Dominion gave [[Joe Biden]] a 5% boost.<ref>https://youtu.be/iKYdr-MCvNU</ref> A Dominion employee was caught on video downloading data to a [[USB]], plugging it into laptop, and manipulating data.<ref>https://dcdirtylaundry.com/dominion-employee-caught-on-video-downloading-data-on-usb-plugging-it-into-a-laptop-manipulating-data-then-palming-the-usb-video/</ref> A suspicious handoff of a USB in Fulton county was also recorded.<ref>https://www.citizenfreepress.com/breaking/suspicious-usb-handoff-in-fulton-county/</ref>

According to statistician Edward Solomon, the probability of Joe Biden winning the number of votes as reported in Fulton County is 5.88 x 10−82, or roughly greater than the number of [[atom]]s in the observable [[universe]].<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0eNr2qoHKdQ&t=676s</ref>

====GA Facebook bribery====
Fulton County officials illegally accepted more than $6 million in private grants that imposed conditions on the conduct of elections without authority from the state legislature. In addition, state election officials entered into a settlement agreement with the Democratic Party that
created rules for processing absentee ballots that directly contradict the legislature’s intent.

====GA Stacey Abram's temp service====

[[Stacey Abrams]] was instrumental in Fulton County, Georgia election fraud in the 2020 presidential election which swung the vote for Joe Biden. Evidence was presented at the Fulton County Board of Commissioners (BOC) hearing on June 16, 2021 indicating that Stacey Abrams “financed the main contractor used in Fulton County elections during the Nov 3rd [2020] poll and the Jan 5th [2021] U.S. Senate runoff.”

Bridget Thorne helped set up voting equipment prior to the November election. Thorne told the Board of Commissioners that she contacted local officials to see how she could work as a poll tech, but they redirected her to a temporary employment agency, Happy Faces. Abrams owns 16 percent of Happy Faces. Thorne explained that when the Secretary of State (SoS) offered staffing substitutes for warehouse workers who had been quarantined because of [[covid]], “Fulton County declined their offer and brought in unqualified, untrained, hundred percent minority Happy Face employees.”<ref>https://uncoverdc.com/2021/06/17/fulton-county-early-election-hiring-implicates-stacey-abrams/</ref> Thorne quoted a 2014 ''Atlanta Journal-Constitution'' (AJC) article regarding a company Abrams founded called NOWaccount, a company that “secures government contracts.” Stacey Abrams, according to Thorne:
{{quotebox-float|“Owns 16 percent [of NOWaccount]…NOWaccount is registered as the only secured party provider for Happy Faces. NOWaccount provides the line of credit…with the purse strings connection of Stacey Abrams to Happy Faces, you must ask does she have influence over who gets hired to work for our elections. Can she or her activist groups also recommend employees? With Happy Faces working one hundred percent early voting, ballot adjudication, absentee ballot processing, warehouse, dropbox, signature verification—they are basically running our elections. Shouldn’t we know who they are recruiting? Shouldn’t we know who they are? Could an activist group have a special connection and ability to work our election while veteran poll clerks like me are shut out?”}}
[[File:Georgia Nov 3 2020.PNG|rright|350px|thumb|]]

====The pipe burst lie====
Originally when the [[mainstream media]] reported it at the time, a water main pipe allegedly burst, forcing the evacuation of the room where mail-in and absentee ballots were counted in the State Farm Arena. However, these [[fake news]] reports also claimed that no ballots were damaged.

Republican election observers were forced from the room. Employees were told ballot counting ceased for the night and would resume at 8:00 AM. Four workers remained behind. Within minutes after everyone's departure, surveillance camera's revealed the workers unloading tens of thousands of ballots secreted away beneath draped tables The workers began furiously running the ballots through tabulation machines.

=====Ballot box stuffing=====
A voter fraud hearing in Georgia features explosive allegations of ballot stuffing. The witness said that after the observers left, the remaining workers "move[d] into action and began scanning ballots." This was allegedly not under any observation other than the surveillance cameras.<ref name="youtu.be"/>

====GA no down ballot voting====

President Trump gained 2,432,799 votes, while the GOP Senate candidate tallied 2,433,617 votes. This is a difference of only 818 votes. Joe Biden in contrast gained 2,414,651 votes, while his Democratic Senate candidate tallied 2,318,850 votes. This is a difference of 95,801 votes.

====GA ineligible voters and unlawful ballots====
132,000 ineligible voters were identified in Fulton county.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/huge-breaking-news-georgia-132000-ballots-fulton-county-georgia-identified-likely-ineligible/</ref> Officials failed to enforce state law residency requirements on voters who changed addresses before the November 3, 2020 election, leading to an estimated 20,000 unlawful ballots being improperly counted. Data experts put the total number of illegal votes counted and legal votes not counted at more than 200,000, far greater than the margin separating Joe Biden and Donald Trump in the state.<ref>Fulton County (GA) Superior Court Case No. 2020CV342959.</ref>

====GA counterfeit ballots====
A poll worker testified they saw “counterfeit” ballots with darker colored watermarks that went 100% to Joe Biden. When the Elections Director was alerted to the counterfeit ballots they brushed off concerns and said the watermarks were darker because of the use of different printers. The poll worker testified about “the use of different paper for ballots, that would constitute fraud stating”:
{{quotebox-float|I noticed that almost all of the ballots I reviewed were for Biden. Many batches went 100% for Biden. I also observed that the watermark on at least 3 ballots were solid gray instead of transparent, leading me to believe the ballot was counterfeit. I challenged this and the Elections Director said it was a legitimate ballot and was due to the use of different printers. Many ballots had markings for Biden only, and no markings on the rest of the ballot.}}
Another worker (same witness who gave sworn statement in ''Wood v. Raffensperger'') explained she observed batches of pristine ballots with different texture paper with machine-stamped bubbles that went 98% for Joe Biden:<ref>https://youtu.be/HZ0kM4mVlfI</ref>
{{quotebox-float|Most of the ballots had already been handled; they had been written on by people, and the edges were worn. They showed obvious use. However, one batch stood out. It was pristine. There was a difference in the texture of the paper – it was if they were intended for absentee use but had not been used for that purposes. There was a difference in the feel.

These different ballots included a slight depressed pre-fold so they could be easily folded and unfolded for use in the scanning machines. There were no markings on the ballots to show where they had com~ from, or where they had been processed. These stood out.

In my 20 years of experience of handling ballots, I observed that the markings for the candidates on these ballots were unusually uniform, perhaps even with a ballot-marking device. By my estimate in observing these ballots, approximately 98% constituted votes for Joe Biden. I only observed two of these ballots as votes for President Donald J. Trump.”<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/georgia-lawsuit-witness-testifies-use-different-paper-counterfeit-ballots-watermark-solid-grey-instead-transparent-100-joe-biden/</ref>}}

====GA dead people voting====
27,000 90-year-olds and 2,000 100 year-olds were registered to vote.<ref>https://www.dickmorris.com/category/lunchtime-videos/</ref>

===2020 Wisconsin===
Wisconsin law requires photo ID for absentee ballot requests, specifically to prevent fraud. Notably, the law mentions the legislature’s intent “to prevent overzealous solicitation of absent electors who may prefer not to participate in an election.”

The Wisconsin Election Commission also violated state law by allowing voters to claim “indefinite confinement” as a means of avoiding the legal requirement to provide a photo ID when requesting an absentee ballot. The legislature established this exemption for the elderly and disabled, yet many of the individuals who claimed it in 2020 subsequently left their homes to participate in family outings, political protests, and other activities that directly contradict their claim to have been “indefinitely confined.”

Data experts estimate that more than 150,000 votes were affected by these violations, including nearly 100,000 illegal ballots cast by individuals falsely claiming to be indefinitely confined.<ref>Wisconsin Supreme Court Case No. 2020AP1930-OA.</ref>

====WI turnout and ballot dump====
[[File:Milwaukee turnout 2020.jpeg|left|300px|thumb|Turnout exceeded registered voters in some Milwaukee precincts by 200%.]]
Theredelephants reports in [[Wisconsin]], voter turnout matched the record high of 2004. The Wisconsin Elections Commission uses the estimated voting age population as the denominator when calculating statewide voter turnout numbers. According to the Elections Commission, there was a 73 percent turnout in this Wisconsin election.

Turnout was 67 percent in 2016; 70 percent in 2012; 69 percent in 2008; and 73 percent in 2004. Apparently Joe Biden smashed [[Barack Obama]]’s 2008 turnout in most places in the country.

In both Michigan and Wisconsin, several vote dumps occurred at approximately 4am on Wednesday morning November 4, 2020 which showed that Joe Biden received almost 100 percent of the votes. President Trump was leading by hundreds of thousands of votes in both states as America went to sleep, and turnout in the state of Wisconsin seems to be particularly impossible.

In Wisconsin on election day before the polls opened, Republicans led Mail-in Ballots requested 43% to 35%, and Mail-in and early in-person ballots returned 43% to 35%. Almost ALL of the ballots found, while most in the country were sleeping, after they officials stated they would stop counting, were for Joe Biden.

Some statistically savvy observers noticed other mathematical flaws, as random numbers in statistics should follow a pattern in their distribution. If the numbers are falsified, it is easy to detect.

Biden had 49,000 votes posted on the City of Milwaukee website as of 4 AM Wednesday and 194,000 votes as of 3 PM Wednesday.<ref>https://twitter.com/RichHiggins_DC/status/1329268228883963904</ref> 102 wards added more than 500 votes, 16 added more than 1000. State margin 20k <ref>https://t.co/ToBWG58yXv</ref><ref>pic.twitter.com/3yzpYSEJ0q</ref>

The increase in Democrats relative to Republicans was significantly higher when the Democrat was doing worse overall in early counting. Within each ward, late votes broke heavily to the Democrat in exactly the races where they are likely to affect the result.

====WI illegal instructions from the Election Board====
[[File:Wisconsin-Rock-County-3.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Vote switching in Rock County, Wisconsin.]]
In Wisconsin, the law states that ballots returned by a third party absent a witness statement are invalid and not to be counted. Municipal clerks and vote counters across the state filled out witness signatures themselves. Acting on false and unlawful advice from the Wisconsin Elections Commission (WEC), these clerks may have invalidated thousands of [[absentee ballot|absentee votes]].
[[File:WI fraudulent ballots.png|left|300px|thumb|Fraudulent ballots cast in Wisconsin.<ref>https://justthenews.com/politics-policy/elections/group-files-emergency-petition-wisconsin-after-finding-potentially-150000?utm_source=daily-newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter</ref>]]
The WEC sent uniform instructions to voters with their mail-in ballots that informed them that “your witness must sign and provide their full address (street number, street name, city) in the Certification of Witness section” and warned that “if any of the required information above is missing, your ballot will not be counted.” However, on October 19, 2020 the WEC sent instructions to clerks that they can simply fill in the witness address themselves so that the ballot would not be invalidated. “Please note that the clerk should attempt to resolve any missing witness address information prior to Election Day if possible, and this can be done through reliable information (personal knowledge, voter registration information, through a phone call with the voter or witness),” WEC wrote. “The witness does not need to appear to add a missing address.”<ref>https://justthenews.com/politics-policy/elections/many-200000-wisconsin-residents-may-have-voted-absentee-without-having</ref>

“The statute is very, very clear,” said retired Wisconsin Supreme Court Justice Michael Gableman, who worked as a poll watcher in Milwaukee on Election Day. “If an absentee ballot does not have a witness address on it, it’s not valid. That ballot is not valid.” The former Wisconsin Supreme Court Justice said the ballots should be invalidated. “In defiance of and direct contradiction to the statute, the Wisconsin Elections Commission gave guidance–that is, cover–to all 72 county clerks and turned the statute on his head,” Gableman said. “They said, ‘Gee, we know the law says an absentee ballot without the witness address is not valid, but county clerk, you have a duty to go ahead and look up on your own the witness’ address if there’s no address on the absentee ballot.”<ref>https://redstate.com/scotthounsell/2020/11/08/ballot-clerks-in-wisconsin-allegedly-added-witness-statements-to-thousands-of-invalid-ballots-n276848</ref>

Anticipating a legal challenge to this seemingly highly unlawful advice, the WEC instructed clerks to write in these witness addresses in red pen so that they would be easy to find during a recount or audit of the vote.

The Republican Party of Wisconsin estimates that thousands of witness addresses may have been changed, thus invalidating the ballots on which they appeared. The statutory remedy for this is to subtract a commensurate number of votes for the candidates for whom those ballots were cast, meaning that vote totals may substantially change.

====WI vote switching====
[[File:WI indefinite.png|right|350px|thumb]]
Evidence shows that the vote totals for Rock County appeared to be switched between President Trump and Joe Biden. 9,516 votes were eliminated from President Trump and moved to Joe Biden. This 19,032 vote difference when corrected would eliminate Biden’s lead in Wisconsin.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/breaking-exclusive-system-glitch-also-uncovered-wisconsin-reversal-19032-votes-removes-lead-joe-biden/aypundit.com</ref><ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/happening-mit-scientist-offer-president-trump-proof-computer-algorithm-likely-transferred-69000-votes-trump-joe-biden-michigan/</ref>

====WI fraudulent ballots====
Under Wisconsin state law, a voter must present a valid photo ID when requesting to vote by mail. The exception to the rule is for those voters who are currently hospitalized or “indefinitely confined because of age, physical illness, or infirmity.”<ref>https://redstate.com/shipwreckedcrew/2020/11/24/trump-campaign-focusing-on-unlawful-use-of-absentee-ballot-process-to-avoid-wisconsin-id-requirement-n284528</ref> [[Covid]] doesn't meet the qualifications for an "indefinitely confined" voter.

===2020 Nevada===
{{See also|Nevada election fraud}}
According to data from the [[Nevada]] Secretary of State website, the total ballots Cast on November 3 was 1,327,394.<ref>https://www.nvsos.gov/sos/home/showdocument?id=9054</ref> The Silver State website, run by the Nevada Secretary of State, reported the total number of votes cast for each candidate. Joe Biden received a total of 703,486 votes, or 50.06% of the votes, while Donald Trump got 669,890 votes, or 47.67%. Simple math would show that adding the number of votes cast for each presidential candidate (703,486 + 669,890), should equal the total votes cast, or 1,327,394. But it doesn’t. It adds up to 1,373,376. That is 45,982 more votes that the Secretary of States website says were cast in the entire election.

The numbers as officially reported on the Silver State website, show Joe Biden with a +33,596 margin over President Trump. But from the calculations there were an additional 45,982 votes were allocated to someone.<ref>https://twpundit.com/2020/11/23/calculating-voter-fraud-nevadas-numbers-dont-add-up/</ref>

42,000 voters voted twice and have multiple voter registration numbers associated with substantially the same name, birthdate, and address.<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/news/nevada-fraud-hearing-obstruction-machines-dead/</ref>

====NV out-of-state votes====
A Letter from lawyers to [[Attorney General]] [[Bill Barr]] included 60 pages of voter records, stated that they have identified 3,062 individuals who appear to have improperly cast mail ballot in the election. [[CBS News]] verified these facts by cross referencing the names and addresses of voters with National Change of Address database/<ref>https://twitter.com/CBS_Herridge/status/1324535401969864705</ref>

Almost 20,000 Nevada voters had a non-Nevada mailing address. 2,468 voters legally changed their address to another jurisdiction or state or country.

====NV unverified votes counted====
A [[whistleblower]] came forward indicating he witnessed [[illegal]] ballots being counted without signatures being verified.<ref>https://twitter.com/NVGOP/status/1325254758811095040</ref> He was instructed to ignore discrepancies with addresses. The worker swire out an affidavit which was sent to the [[Department of Justice]] in [[Washington, D.C.]].<ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/breaking-trump-campaign-taking-numerous-new-legal-actions-in-election-battle</ref>

====NV provisional ballots====
60,000 Trump voters were tricked into using provisional ballots that were never counted.<ref>https://dcdirtylaundry.com/nevada-poll-workers-tricked-60000-mostly-trump-voters-into-using-provisional-ballots-that-were-never-counted/</ref>

====NV gift card lottery for votes====
A Nevada state agency offered gift cards for votes.<ref>https://www.reviewjournal.com/opinion/opinion-columns/victor-joecks/victor-joecks-nevada-group-offered-gift-cards-for-voting-and-a-state-agency-promoted-it-2187045/</ref> Key [[Native American]] leaders working with the Biden campaign offered tribal members and associates Visa gift cards, jewelry, and other “swag” to vote in the presidential election. It is illegal to offer any kind of bribe or payment for a vote.

In one long video, officials from the Reno-Sparks Indian Colony are shown offering a raffle for gift cards in values of $25, $100, $250, and $500 to those who can prove they voted. Other gifts for voting include bracelets, necklaces, earrings, T-shirts, and masks.<ref>https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/washington-secrets/pro-biden-effort-offered-native-americans-25-500-visa-gift-cards-jewelry-to-vote</ref>

====NV dead people voting====
Almost 1,500 Nevada voters listed as deceased by the Social Security Administration (SSA) Master Death File, Consumer Data Vendors, Public Obituary Data Matches, and Credit Bureau Deceased Data voted.

====NV non-existent voters====
USPS Flags on Non-Residential Addresses: approximately 15,000 voters are registered to vote at either a commercial address or a vacant property. Almost 6,000 had USPS flags on vacant addresses. Approximately 8,000 voters had registered addresses that are physically non-existent.

===2020 Arizona===
[[File:Maricopa-audit-6.jpg|right|350px|thumb|The Maricopa County Election Management Systems databases were deleted after they were [[subpoena]]ed by the Arizona Senate.<ref>https://100percentfedup.com/breaking-bombshell-maricopa-co-deleted-entire-2020-election-database-showing-results-tally-and-reporting-days-before-equipment-was-delivered-to-the-audit-this-is-spoilati/</ref>]]
:{{See also|Arizona election fraud}}
On November 16, 2020, Arizona reported a 65.9% voter turnout. On November 30, 2020, the Secretary of State’s reported 79.9% voter turnout, the highest in the country according to latest aggregated results from Statista.

Arizona reported the number of ballots cast was 3,420,565 in 2020 versus 1,037,550 in 1998, or 2,383,015 more people voted in 2020 vs 1998. In the same span of time the population grew by only 1,756,24. In other words, every single new person in the state - 100% over the past twenty-two years - voted, plus an additional 166,511 more than the population growth.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/12/numbers-dont-lie-data-scientists-break-voter-fraud-arizona-shocking-video/</ref>

There was no proper signature validation of 1.9 million on mail in ballots.<ref>https://sharylattkisson.com/2020/11/what-youve-been-asking-for-a-fairly-complete-list-of-some-of-the-most-significant-claims-of-2020-election-miscounts-errors-or-fraud/</ref>

====AZ Ballot destruction and vote switching====
Over 75,000 absentee ballots were reported as unreturned when they were actually returned. These absentee ballots were then either lost or destroyed (consistent with allegations of Trump ballot destruction) and/or were replaced with blank ballots filled out by election workers
or other third parties.<ref>In the United States District Court for the District of Arizona, ''[https://www.democracydocket.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/2020/12/Bower-Complaint-AZ.pdf Tyler Bowyer et al v.. Doug Ducey]'', December 2, 2020.</ref>

In cases where ballots were too damaged or illegible to be read by vote tabulation machines, Novus software 6.0.0.0. was used in an attempt to cure or restore the ballots. The system would do so by trying to read the applicable scans of the original rejected ballots. However, as noted in a court “the software was highly inaccurate, and it often flipped the vote....the software would erroneously prefill ‘Biden’ twice as often as it did ‘Trump.’”<ref>https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/20417265/ward-v-jackson-complaint-and-petition-for-discovery.pdf</ref>

====AZ Equal protection violations====
Mail-in voters had up to 5 days to “cure” or “fix” invalid mail-in ballots sent prior to Election Day. In-person voters in Maricopa County had to deal with poll workers who did not know how to work electronic voting machines properly. This resulted in thousands of in-person votes being marked incorrectly, given provisional ballots, and disregarded rather than cured.

====AZ Facebook funding fraud====
State officers and [[Maricopa County]] Officials failed to enforce the state law against private companies from directing federal election administration, accepting millions of dollars in private grants that gave some voters in the state access to advantages that were unavailable to voters in other parts of the state. These officials also allowed for gaps in the chain of custody of official ballots through the use of “mobile” drop boxes that are stationed in unsupervised public locations, failed to enforce the state law against double voting, and failed to enforce the state law against allowing people to vote using an address where they no longer live.

As a result of these violations, data experts estimate that more than 300,000 potentially fraudulent ballots may have influenced the outcome of the popular vote in the state, including more than 200,000 illegal ballots that were counted and about 75,000 legal votes that were not
counted.<ref>Superior Court of the State of Arizona in and for the County of Maricopa Case No. CV 2020-096490.</ref>

====AZ Dominion Voting Systems====
Each [[Democrat party]] candidate was allotted 35,000 votes by rigged election machine before the voting started at 7 AM.

The Trump campaign and [[Republican National Committee]] filed a lawsuit that seeks the manual inspection of potentially thousands of in-person Election Day ballots in metro [[Phoenix]] that they allege were mishandled by poll workers and resulted in some ballot selections to be disregarded.

The legal challenge against Democrat Secretary of State [[Katie Hobbs]] centers on instances in which people are believed to have voted for more candidates than permitted.

When tabulators detect such an “overvote,” poll workers should give voters a choice to fix the problem, but the workers instead either pressed or told voters to press a button on the machine to override the error, leaving the devices to disregard the problematic ballot selections, according to the lawsuit.<ref>https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/11/07/2020-latest-trump-gop-sue-in-arizona-over-ballot-handling/</ref>

A Pima county whistleblower stated that Democratic Party members invited him to a meeting on September 10, 2020 and outlined a plan to add 35,000 votes to each Democrat candidate.
{{quotebox-float|"When I asked how in the world will 35,000 votes be kept hidden from being discovered, it was stated that spread distribution will be embedded across the entire registered-voter range and will not exceed the registered-vote count, and the 35,000 was determined allowable in Pima County, based on our county registered-vote count.

It was also stated that total voter turnout versus total registered voters determine how many votes we can embed.

[[Maricopa County|Maricopa]] [County] embed totals would be substantially higher than Pima’s due to embeds being based upon the total number of registered voters.

When I asked if this has been tested and how do we know it works, the answer was yes, and has shown success in Arizona judicial-retention elections since 2014, even undetectable in post-audits because no candidate will spend the kind of funds needed to audit and contact voters to verify votes in the full potential of total registered voters, which is more than 500,000 registered voters."<ref>https://www.dailysignal.com/2020/11/30/4-takeaways-from-arizonas-election-fraud-hearing/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=4-takeaways-from-arizonas-election-fraud-hearing</ref>}}
According to testimony from an MIT-trained mathematician, Biden may have received a weighted 130% total of Democrat votes in Maricopa County to help him win the state due to an algorithm programmed into the Dominion voting machines.<ref>[https://themichiganstar.com/2020/12/02/mathematician-says-biden-may-havereceived-130-percent-of-the-democrat-vote-in-maricopa-county-arizona/ Heine, Debra,“Mathematician Says Biden May Have Received 130 Percent of the Democrat Vote in Maricopa County, Arizona,]” December 2, 2020.</ref>

===2020 California===
California’s Office of Election Cybersecurity surveilled social media users and asked [[Facebook]], [[Twitter]], and [[Google]] to remove or flag social media postings as "misleading" election news content. SKDKnickerbocker, a communications company linked to the Biden campaign, was also involved. The company shared its “Misinformation Daily Briefings” with the California Secretary of State office, who then passed them on to the [[Big Tech]] [[social media]] giants a conspiracy against the [[First Amendment]] rights of Americans.<ref>https://www.ntd.com/california-officials-biden-linked-firm-colluded-with-big-tech-to-censor-election-posts-judicial-watch_604446.html</ref>

===Racism and voter suppression===
Democrats flipped all votes for [[Kanye West]] in Michigan to Joseph Biden.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/election-witnesses-kanyes-michigan-votes-stolen-democrats-joe-biden-video/?utm_source=Parler&utm_campaign=websitesharingbuttons</ref>

===Foreign collusion===
Di Dongsheng, a vice-dean at the School of International Relations at Renmin University in Beijing, made public statements before a large audience on November 28, 2020:
[[File:Nov. 3-4 2020 Chinese cyberattack.PNG|right|350px|thumb|Real time capture of Communist Chinese cyberattack on selected U.S. counties.]]
{{Quotebox-float|"We know that the Trump administration is in a trade war with us, so why can’t we fix the Trump administration? Why did China and the US used to be able to settle all kinds of issues between 1992 and 2016?" he asked. "I’m going to throw out something maybe a little bit explosive here. It’s just because we have people at the top. We have our old friends who are at the top of America’s core inner circle of power and influence."

"During the US-China trade war, [[Wall Street]] tried to help, and I know that my friends on the US side told me that they tried to help, but they couldn’t do much. But now we’re seeing Biden was elected, the traditional elite, the political elite, the establishment, they’re very close to Wall Street, so you see that, right?"

"Trump has been saying that Biden’s son has some sort of global foundation. Have you noticed that? Who helped [Hunter] build the foundations? Got it? There are a lot of deals inside all these."<ref>https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2020/12/08/top_chinese_intellectual_boasts_about_old_friends_who_are_at_the_top_of_americas_core_inner_circle_of_power_and_influence.html#!</ref><ref>https://youtu.be/lyQUtPEBBSA</ref><ref>https://thepostmillennial.com/watch-tucker-carlson-exposes-how-media-democrats-have-been-working-on-behalf-of-china/</ref>}}

===2020 Democrat primaries and caucuses===
====2020 Iowa Caucus====
:{{See also|2020 Iowa Democratic caucuses}}
Shadow, Inc. is the company that developed the Iowa and Nevada Democratic caucus app. FEC records show Buttigieg for America paid Shadow Inc. $42,000. Former Clinton campaign chairman [[Robby Mook]] vetted the app for the Democratic party.<ref>https://pjmedia.com/election/hoo-boy-hillarys-campaign-manager-was-involved-with-that-disastrous-iowa-caucus-app/</ref> Shadow, Inc. was launched by a dark money SuperPAC called Acronym,<ref>https://hotair.com/archives/john-s-2/2020/02/05/acronym-group-behind-shadow/</ref> headed by CEO Tara McGowan, a former journalist and [[Obama for America]] operative who is married to a senior advisor of the [[Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign]].<ref>https://consortiumnews.com/2020/02/06/group-that-sabotaged-iowa-caucus-begun-by-billionaire-backer-of-alabama-false-flag-campaign/</ref> Acronym was founded by billionaire Reid Hoffman, founder of LinkedIn. Hoffman funded Project Birmingham, a covert voter suppression and [[fake news]] campaign based on the Russian model during dirty the 2017 [[Doug Jones]]/[[Roy Moore]] [[Alabama]] Senate race. Obama crony [[David Plouffe]] sits on the board of Acronym.<ref>https://twitchy.com/samj-3930/2020/02/04/hoo-boy-reading-this-damning-thread-from-lee-fang-about-pete-buttigieg-and-shadow-inc-its-no-wonder-mayorcheat-is-trending/</ref>

On election night the Iowa Democratic party stopped counting when 98% of precincts were counted and Bernie Sanders was ahead by 2,500 votes. Only the the precincts that would likely help South Bend mayor [[Pete Buttigieg]] were recounted, and the remainder of precincts were weighted to Sanders. Under the apportionment system Buttigieg was awarded two more delegates and claimed victory, but Sanders won the statewide popular vote.<ref>http://www.dickmorris.com/democratic-race-whats-next-lunch-alert/</ref> Seven of the last nine winners of the Iowa Caucus went on to win the Democratic nomination, and the DNC rigged the election to prevent Sanders from gaining momentum from a victory. Of Buttigieg's 2 delegate margin of victory, 3 were awarded by coin toss.<ref>https://twitter.com/awzurcher/status/1224533900946485250</ref> Due to Democrat corruption and election rigging, the ''[[Associated Press]]'' refused to recognize Buttigieg's claim of victory.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/02/caucuses-in-iowa-run-so-poorly-associated-press-refuses-to-declare-winner/</ref>

====2020 Wisconsin primary====
In a lawsuit filed by [[Democratic party]] operatives concerned about the [[CCP pandemic]]’s effects on voting, federal District Judge William Conley (an [[Obama]] appointee) extended the deadline for receipt of mail-in ballots from Tuesday, April 7, 2020 (the primary-election day), to Monday afternoon, April 13. That aspect of the federal district court’s ruling was not in dispute. Judge Conley, however, directed that [[absentee ballot]]s were eligible to be counted regardless of the date of post mark or otherwise delivered, as long as they came in by the April 13 deadline. In effect, that meant absentee ballots could be cast after in-person primary voting had closed on April 7.

This meant the election could be materially altered by events occurring after formal conclusion of the [[primary election]] — not least, news about the apparent election result. To address this problem, Judge Conley further ordered the Wisconsin Election Commission and election inspectors to suppress any report of the voting results until after the new April 13 deadline for the receipt of absentee ballots.<ref>https://www.nationalreview.com/2020/04/the-supreme-courts-misunderstood-ruling-on-wisconsins-coronavirus-primary/</ref> Democrat Gov. [[Tony Evers]] then banned in person voting in the April 7, 2020 primary. The Wisconsin Supreme Court then ruled Evers exceeded his authority with his [[Executive Order]] to cancel elections.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zEIrRZpwsqQ</ref> The same day [[SCOTUS]] ruled to stay a district court order that had extended the absentee voting deadline. As a result, the absentee ballot postmark and in-person return deadlines were reinstated to April 7, 2020.<ref>https://ballotpedia.org/Democratic_Party_primaries_in_Wisconsin,_2020</ref> The issue was that authority did not rest with the courts or the governor and there was no time to reschedule. [[Fake news]] media, of course, was quick to blame Republicans for the Democrat's lawsuit and the Democratic governor's overreach of [[executive branch]] authority.<ref>https://www.facebook.com/dan.bongino/videos/775321722874199/</ref> Democrat operative [[James Carville]] again stole the spotlight as the most [[demagogic]].<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/clips/2020/04/08/carville-wisconsin-primary-proved-republicans-will-kill-people-to-stay-in-power/</ref> ''The Wisconsin State Journal'' reported three weeks after the voting that Wisconsin's rate of infection actually declined after in-person voting.<ref>https://madison.com/wsj/news/local/health-med-fit/no-bump-in-covid-19-rates-after-wisconsins-april-7-election-study-says/article_b1aade1d-abec-5fc2-92fb-e1c64ccbc92f.html</ref>

After [[Wisconsin]] voted, Sanders quit, pledging to toe the CCP/DNC party line; however an ''ABC/Washington Post'' poll showed 15% of Sanders supporters will support President Trump in the November general election.<ref>https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2020/03/29/bernie-sanders-supporters-vote-trump-over-biden-poll/2936124001/</ref> Sanders press secretary immediately ripped off the mask, saying in a tweet that she can now drop "Democratic" from explaining why "Democratic Socialism" is good.<ref>https://summit.news/2020/04/08/bernies-press-secretary-now-i-can-drop-democratic-from-democratic-socialism/</ref> With Sanders out and the nomination locked up, Barack Hussein Obama still failed to endorse Biden.

====2020 Georgia primary====
[[File:Shaya Moss.png|right|300px|thumb|Shaya Moss, the Fulton County Georgia supervisor of registration, stuffed the ballot box with tens of thousands of votes for Joe Biden on the night of November 3, 2020 and in the early morning hours after.<ref>https://youtu.be/NCgSFoD0bK0</ref>]]
:{{See also|2020 Democrat primaries#Dominion Election Systems}}
Jeff Carlson of ''[[The Epoch Times]]'' reported the findings of Harri Hursti, an acknowledged expert on electronic voting security. Hursti provided a first-hand description of problems during the June 9, 2020 statewide primary election and runoff elections on August 11, 2020. Hursti summarized his findings:
*“The scanner and tabulation [[software]] settings being employed to determine which votes to count on hand marked paper ballots are likely causing clearly intentioned votes not to be counted”
*“The voting system is being operated in Fulton County in a manner that escalates the security risk to an extreme level.”
*“Voters are not reviewing their BMD [Ballot Marking Devices] printed ballots, which causes BMD generated results to be un-auditable due to the untrustworthy audit trail.”

During the runoff elections, on the night of August 11, 2020, Hursti was present at the Fulton County Election Preparation Center to observe the “upload of the memory devices coming in from the precincts to the [[Dominion Election Management System]] [EMS] server.” During this observation, Hursti noted that “system problems were recurring and the Dominion technicians operating the system were struggling with the upload process.”

Hursti also noted that it appeared that Dominion personnel were the only ones with knowledge of, and access to, the Dominion server. As Hursti stated in his declaration, “In my conversations with Derrick Gilstrap and other Fulton County Elections Department EPC personnel, they professed to have limited knowledge of or control over the EMS server and its operations.”

Hursti noted that this wholesale outsourcing of the operation of voting equipment to the vendor’s personnel was “highly unusual in my experience and of grave concern from a security and conflict of interest perspective.” Hursti referred to Dominion’s onsite operation and access as “an elevated risk factor.”

Hursti also noted that the Dell computers running the Dominion server appeared not to have been “hardened”—the process of “securing a system by reducing its surface of vulnerability.” Hursti said that he found it “unacceptable for an EMS server not to have been hardened prior to installation.”

Hursti observed that computers used in Georgia’s system for vote processing appeared to have “home/small business companion software packages” on them. This raised areas of significant concern for Hursti as he noted: “[O]ne of the first procedures of hardening is removal of all unwanted software, and removal of those game icons and the associated games and installers alongside with all other software which is not absolutely needed in the computer for election processing purposes would be one of the first and most basic steps in the hardening process. In my professional opinion, independent inquiry should be promptly made of all 159 counties to determine if the Dominion systems statewide share this major deficiency.”

Hursti discovered that one of the computers had an icon for a 2017 computer game called “Homescapes” which Hursti noted called into question whether “all Georgia Dominion system computers have the same operating system version, or how the game has come to be having a presence in Fulton’s Dominion voting system.”

Hursti also found a troubling blend of old and new equipment which carried additional security risks due to a lack of patch updates: “Although this Dominion voting system is new to Georgia, the Windows 10 operating system of at least the ‘main’ computer in the rack has not been updated for 4 years and carries a wide range of well-known and publicly disclosed vulnerabilities.”

Hursti noted that the lack of “hardening” created security risks even for computers that were not connected to the internet. He observed that when flash drives were connected to the server, the “media was automounted by the operating system. When the operating system is automounting a storage media, the operating system starts automatically to interact with the device.”

Hursti noted that the management of Fulton County’s EMS server appeared to be an “ad hoc operation with no formalized process.” This seemed particularly apparent in relation to the process of storage media coming in from various precincts throughout the night: “This kind of operation i[s] naturally prone to human errors. I observed personnel calling on the floor asking if all vote carrying compact flash cards had been delivered from the early voting machines for processing, followed by later finding additional cards which had been overlooked in apparent human error. Later, I heard again one technician calling on the floor asking if all vote carrying compact flashes had been delivered. This clearly demonstrates lack of inventory management which should be in place to ensure, among other things, that no rogue storage devices would be inserted into the computer. In response, 3 more compact flash cards were hand-delivered. Less than 5 minutes later, I heard one of the county workers say that additional card was found and was delivered for processing. All these devices were trusted by printed label only and no comparison to an inventory list of any kind was performed.”

Hursti also observed that “operations were repeatedly performed directly on the operating system.” The election software has no visibility into the operations of the operating system, which creates additional auditing problems, and as Hursti noted, “Unless the system is configured properly to collect file system auditing data is not complete. As the system appears not to be hardened, it is unlikely that the operating system has been configured to collect auditing data.”

Raising even greater concerns was the apparent “complete access” that Dominion personnel appeared to have into the computer system. Hursti observed Dominion technicians troubleshooting error messages with a “trial-and-error” approach which included access into the “Computer Management” application, indicating complete access in Hursti’s opinion.

As he stated in his declaration, “This means there are no meaningful access separation and privileges and roles controls protecting the county’s primary election servers. This also greatly amplifies the risk of catastrophic human error and malicious program execution.”

During these attempts to resolve the various issues that were occurring in real-time, Hursti noted that it appeared as though Dominion staff shifted from on-site attempts at remediation to off-site troubleshooting:
{{quotebox-float|“The Dominion staff member walked behind the server rack and made manual manipulations which could not be observed from my vantage point. After that they moved with their personal laptops to a table physically farther away from the election system and stopped trying different ways to work around the issue in front of the server, and no longer talked continuously with their remote help over phone.

In the follow-up-calls I overheard them ask people on the other end of the call to check different things, and they only went to a computer and appeared to test something and subsequently take a picture of the computer screen with a mobile phone and apparently send it to a remote location.”

Hursti stated that this “created a strong mental impression that the troubleshooting effort was being done remotely over remote access to key parts of the system.”}}
Hursti also noted that a “new wireless access point with a hidden SSID access point name appeared in the active [[Wi-Fi]] stations list” that he was monitoring.

All of this raised material alarms for Hursti, who noted that
{{quotebox-float|“If in fact remote access was arranged and granted to the server, this has gravely serious implications for the security of the new Dominion system. Remote access, regardless how it is protected and organized is always a security risk, but furthermore it is transfer of control out of the physical perimeters and deny any ability to observe the activities.”<ref>https://themarketswork.com/2020/11/15/pre-election-concerns-over-dominion-voting-systems-highlighted-in-georgia-lawsuit/</ref>}}

==2018==
:{{See also|2018 Midterm elections}}
===2018 California===
[[California]]’s 2016 AB 1921 significantly amended election law by making the practice of ballot harvesting legal. That amendment significantly altered the race there in 2018:
{{quotebox|“And so, as the polls closed on election day, no less than six California Republican House candidates…were ahead in their respective races, some comfortably enough to declare victory and move on with plans for the next Congressional term. However, as absentee and provisional ballot results rolled in over the next few days and weeks, the vast majority of which predictably favored Democrats, their Democratic opponents managed to ‘find’ enough votes to snatch victory from the jaws of defeat. 

The change was a small but significant one. California, in its infinite wisdom, decided to make the practice of “ballot harvesting” legal. Thus, instead of only relatives or those living in the same household being allowed to legally collect and turn in absentee ballots for voters – as was previously the law – any “third party” can do it, including activist groups, Democratic operatives, or street-corner panhandlers."<ref>https://uncoverdc.com/2020/09/25/election-fraud-becomes-a-focus-in-the-2020-election/</ref>}}

===2018 Florida===
On November 8, two days after the 2018 midterm election, Marc Elias traveled to Broward County, [[Florida]] to represent Democrats.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/clinton-campaign-lawyer-with-ties-to-trump-dossier-leads-democrat-recount-effort-in-florida</ref> A judge ruled county Democrat election officials violated Florida's public records laws and the state constitution, and ordered the county election supervisor to disclose the total number of ballots cast and the total number remaining to be counted.<ref>https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/courts/florida-judge-sides-with-rick-scott-orders-broward-county-elections-head-to-release-vote-counts?_amp=true</ref> Tampering and chain of custody issues were litigated.<ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/38162/rubio-heres-more-evidence-potential-voting-law-james-barrett</ref><ref>https://twitter.com/Str8DonLemon/status/1061991384369020929</ref> Lawyers for Democrats want to count the votes on non-[[U.S. citizen]]s.<ref>https://www.zerohedge.com/news/2018-11-10/democratic-lawyers-object-non-citizen-ballot-being-thrown-out</ref>

===2018 New Mexico===
Following Rep. [[Steve Pearce]]'s announcement that he would run for governor rather than seek re-election to another House term in 2018,<ref>[https://www.koat.com/article/gop-rep-steve-pearce-runs-for-governor-will-leave-congress/10283073 Congressman Pearce announces run for governor]</ref> [[Yvette Herrell]] ran for the seat, winning the Republican primary and facing Democrat [[Xochitl Torres Small]]. Herrell was initially declared the winner of the race on Election Night, but "lost" after several thousand ballots were "mysteriously discovered".<ref>Two references:
*[https://100percentfedup.com/declared-gop-winner-in-new-mexicos-congressional-race-says-race-is-being-stolen-after-democrat-sec-of-state-magically-finds-8000-uncounted-votes/ DECLARED GOP WINNER In New Mexico’s Congressional Race Says Race Is Being “Stolen” After Democrat Sec Of State “Magically” Finds 8,000 Uncounted Votes]
*[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2018/11/another-stolen-race-nm-democrat-rep-small-wins-reelection-after-8000-ballots-found-in-a-warehouse/ MORE DEMOCRAT TRICKS: GOP Candidate Wins NM Seat in Congress – Then Magic Stash of 8,000 Ballots Turns Up (VIDEO)]</ref> Despite claims made by liberals that there supposedly was no evidence of election fraud, a later audit as reported by the ''Daily Signal'' found signs of such.<ref name="EXCLUSIVE: Audit Finds Signs of Fraud in New Mexico House Race"/> Herrell refused to concede the race due to it likely having been stolen.<ref>Multiple references:
*[https://apnews.com/article/5b60440d91e64e39a0d3ace26089d475 Republican Herrell not conceding US House race in New Mexico]
*[https://www.newsmax.com/john-gizzi/new-mexico-xochiti-torres-small-yvette-harrell-voter-integrity/2018/11/12/id/890393/ Republican Yvette Herrell Will Not Concede NM-2 Race]
*[https://www.krqe.com/news/new-mexico/herrell-refusing-to-concede-in-2nd-congressional-district-race/ Herrell refusing to concede in 2nd Congressional District race]</ref>

==2016==
[[File:Harvey-weinstein-Hillary-clinton-dinner-with-after-election-loss (2).jpg|right|200px|thumb|'''Hillary Clinton dines with Hollywood [[oligarch]] and Democrat mega-donor Harvey Weinstein after the 2016 election, December 13, 2016.''' Weinstein, a charter founder of the Clinton Legal Defense Fund organized to defend President Clinton from sexual harassment and assault charges, has been accused of [[rape]] by 97 women.<ref>https://www.businessinsider.com/list-of-women-who-have-accused-harvey-weinstein-of-sexual-harassment-or-assault-2017-10</ref> Hillary has posed as crusader for Women's Rights throughout heer career.]]
:{{See also|Hillary Rodham Clinton}}

[[Marc Elias]] paid [[FusionGPS]] for the ''[[Steele dossier]]'' on behalf of the [[Hillary for America]] campaign and the [[Democratic National Committee]].<ref>https://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/russia-perkins-coie-clinton-dossier-meet-the-democratic-law-firm-behind-the-russian-collusion-narrative/</ref> The ''Steele dossier'' was used by the [[Barack Obama|Obama]] [[FBI]] to hoax the [[FISA court]] into granting [[surveillance]] warrants to [[spy]] on the [[2016 Trump campaign]], [[Trump transition]], and [[Trump administration]].<ref>[https://theconservativetreehouse.com/2020/03/08/doj-political-surveillance-from-the-irs-in-2011-to-the-fisa-court-in-2016/ DOJ Political Surveillance – From the IRS in 2011 to the FISA Court in 2016], Posted on March 8, 2020 by sundance. theconservativetreehouse.com</ref><ref>https://www.investors.com/politics/editorials/memo-fbi-used-tainted-steele-dossier-paid-for-by-hillary-clinton-as-reason-to-spy-on-trump/</ref> Elias lied to ''[[New York Times]]'' reporters regarding the employment of FusionGPS.<ref>https://twitter.com/kenvogel/status/922955410327425027?s=20</ref>

====2016 Democrat operatives incite violence at Trump rallies====
[[Project Veritas]] uncovered a nationwide Democrat effort to incite violence at Trump rallies.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2016/10/18/politics/project-veritas-action-robert-creamer-donald-trump-rallies/index.html</ref><ref>https://youtu.be/YH7GIT4qUPE</ref>

====2016 Democrat primaries====
The Democrat primary was rigged against Bernie Sanders and in favor of Hillary Clinton, and the party was shown to be helping Clinton behind the scenes.<ref>Griffin, Andrew (November 9, 2016). [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-elections/bernie-sanders-us-election-president-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-democrats-primary-results-a7408451.html Donald Trump won election because Democrats rigged system to have Clinton beat Bernie Sanders, says WikiLeaks]. ''The Independent''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref><ref>Hoft, Jim (October 18, 2016). [https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2016/10/obama-lectures-media-integrity-elections-forgets-democrats-just-rigged-primary-bernie/ Obama Lectures Trump on "Rigged" Elections — Forgets That Democrats Just Rigged Primary Against Bernie]. ''The Gateway Pundit''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref> In addition, the Democrat primary has "superdelegates", who are made up of party leaders and can vote for whomever they want regardless of what the primary voters want.<ref>Resnikoff, Ned (May 16, 2016). [http://www.ibtimes.com/political-capital/why-will-superdelegates-decide-2016-democratic-primary-unearthed-documents-hold Why Will Superdelegates Decide The 2016 Democratic Primary? Unearthed Documents Hold The Key]. ''International Business Times''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref> Even the leftist website [[Salon Media Group]] believed the primary was rigged.<ref>Demoro, Roseann (March 30, 2016). [https://www.salon.com/2016/03/30/10_ways_the_democratic_primary_has_been_rigged_from_the_start_partner/ 10 ways the Democratic primary has been rigged from the start]. ''Salon''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref>

The Democrat Iowa Caucus was very chaotic, poorly run, and whose results were very questionable.<ref>Samuelson, Darren (February 8, 2016). [https://www.politico.com/story/2016/02/how-iowa-democrats-couldnt-handle-a-two-candidate-race-218934 Inside the Iowa caucus chaos]. ''Politico''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref><ref>Tuttle, Ian (February 5, 2016). [https://www.nationalreview.com/article/430878/hillary-clintons-iowa-victory-transparent-irregularities Iowa's Transparently Dishonest Democratic Caucus]. ''National Review''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref><ref>Jacobs, Jennifer (February 3, 2016). [http://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/elections/presidential/caucus/2016/02/02/iowas-nightmare-revisited-correct-winner-called-caucus-night/79702010/ Iowa's nightmare revisited: Was correct winner called?] ''The Des Moines Register''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref> It was reported that the results of 90 precincts, about 5 percent of the vote, went missing.<ref>[http://conservativetribune.com/iowa-caucus-democrat-party/ Iowa Democrat Party Issues Stunning Announcement About Caucus Results]. ''Conservative Tribune''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref>

Donna Brazile, the interim DNC Chair, shared Democrat primary town hall questions to the Clinton campaign in order to help her win the primary.<ref>Shaw, Adam (March 17, 2017). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/03/17/brazile-admits-forwarded-debate-questions-to-clinton-camp.html Brazile admits she forwarded town hall questions to Clinton camp]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved March 17, 2017.</ref><ref>Ernst, Douglas (March 17, 2017). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/mar/17/donna-brazile-admits-leaking-debate-questions-to-c/ Donna Brazile admits leaking debate questions to Clinton camp: 'A mistake I will forever regret']. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved March 17, 2017.</ref> She continued to deny this fact through February 2017<ref>Scarry, Eddie (March 17, 2017). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/donna-brazile-finally-admits-she-shared-debate-questions-with-clinton-campaign/article/2617742 Donna Brazile finally admits she shared debate questions with Clinton campaign]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved March 17, 2017.</ref> and blamed [[Russia]] for the ordeal.<ref>Hudson, Jerome (March 18, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/03/18/donna-brazile-admits-to-sharing-debate-questions-with-clinton-camp-blames-russia/ Donna Brazile Admits to Sharing Debate Questions With Clinton Camp, Blames Russia]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 18, 2017.</ref>

Per election, an individual donor can contribute $2,700 to any candidate, $10,000 to any state party committee, and (during the 2016 cycle) $33,400 to a national party's main account. These groups can all get together and take a single check from a donor for the sum of those contribution limits — it's legal because the donor cannot exceed the base limit for any one recipient. State parties however can make unlimited transfers to the national party.

In 2014 the [[Supreme Court]] made clear in ''McCutcheon v. FEC'', the Joint Finance Committee (JFC) may not solicit or accept contributions to circumvent base limits, through "earmarks" and "straw men" that are ultimately excessive — there are five separate prohibitions.

Six-figure donations to the Clinton machine either never actually passed through state party accounts or were never actually under state party control, which adds false FEC reporting violations by the Hillary Victory Fund (HVF), state parties, and the DNC to other violations.

Donna Brazile and others admitted that the DNC placed the funds under the Clinton campaign's direct control, a massive breach of campaign finance law. Democratic donors, knowing the funds would end up with Clinton's campaign, wrote six-figure checks to influence the election — 100 times larger than allowed. HVF bundled these megagifts and, on a single day, reported transferring money to all participating state parties, some of which would then show up on FEC reports filed by the DNC as transferring the exact same dollar amount on the exact same day to the DNC. Yet not all the state parties reported either receiving or transferring those sums.<ref>https://www.investors.com/politics/commentary/the-anatomy-of-hillary-clintons-84-million-money-laundering-scheme/</ref>
[[File:Sethrich-e1494948876256.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Seth Rich (1989-2016) was a Sanders' supporter who leaked DNC emails to WikiLeaks. His bullet ridden body was found on a dark Washington DC street two weeks before Hillary's nominating convention.]]
Clinton talking points emphasized the idea that US intelligence, the same people who brought you the [[WMD]] debacle, claim Russia and Putin were responsible for the hack of [[DNC]] servers which resulted in the firing of Democratic National Committee Chair [[Debbie Wasserman Schultz]]. This presumably would exonerate anyone connected with the DNC or Clinton campaign from complicity in the Murder of Seth Rich.

The Democratic National Committee (DNC) emails provided by [[Wikileaks]] showed clear [[collusion]] between Clinton, [[mainstream media]] outlets, and the DNC to smear [[Bernie Sanders]]. Thousands of hopeful millennials felt betrayed by the Democratic party. DNC Chair Debbie Wasserman Schultz was forced out on the eve of the convention, less than 24 hours after dozens of emails were published by Wikileaks showing her and her staff rigging the primary elections for Hillary Clinton.

Wikileaks founder [[Julian Assange]] offered $20,000 cash reward for the arrest and conviction of Seth Rich's killers or killer, the alleged [[Whistleblower Statutes|whistleblower]] who provided the DNC emails to Wikileaks and was murdered execution style in early July 2016. Hillary says of Assange in an email, "Can't we just drone this guy?"<ref>http://truepundit.com/under-intense-pressure-to-silence-wikileaks-secretary-of-state-hillary-clinton-proposed-drone-strike-on-julian-assange/</ref> To silence Assange, Wikileaks internet access was cut by the government of Ecuador after the release of Hillary's private paid speech to [[Goldman Sachs]]. Wikileaks Director, Prof. Gavin Macfayden, was found dead the following week. Macfayden's death was the third of a close associate of Assange in 6 months.<ref>https://mobile.twitter.com/wikileaks/status/790004642038050816/photo/1</ref>

===2016 Google interference===
Dr. Robert Epstein of the American Institute for Behavioral Research and Technology testified before Congress that [[Google]] bias and meddling had shifted "between 2.6 million and up to 10.4 million votes" to Hillary Clinton.<ref>https://www.powerlineblog.com/archives/2019/08/psychologist-google-generated-at-least-2-6-million-votes-for-hillary.php</ref>

==2012==
====2012 Experimental voting software, precincts with no Romney votes in PA and OH====
The key battleground states of Pennsylvania and Ohio interestingly had many precincts recording no votes for Romney at all,<ref>Miller, J. (2012, November 12). [https://www.cbsnews.com/8301-250_162-57548626/romney-earned-zero-votes-in-some-urban-precincts Romney Earned Zero Votes In Some Urban Precincts]. CBS News.</ref> this after voting scandals with experimental voting software.<ref>Sherman, E. (2012, November 6). [https://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505124_162-57545531/ohio-faces-controversy-over-voting-machines-update Ohio Faces Controversy Over Voting Machines]. CBS News.</ref>

===2012 Florida===
====Joe Garcia staffer====
The Chief of Staff for Democrat Rep. Joe Garcia resigned in June 2013 for his role in a voter fraud scheme whereby hundreds of absentee ballots were fraudulently submitted. The fraud occurred in an election where Garcia defeated [[Republican Party|Republican]] candidate [[David Rivera]].<ref>(2013, June 2). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/06/02/top-staffer-for-florida-democratic-rep-resigns-amid-voting-fraud-probe Top staffer for Florida Democratic Rep. Garcia resigns amid voting fraud probe]. Associated Press. Prill, K. (2013, July 17). [http://www.nrcc.org/2013/07/17/democrat-hush-money-over-voter-fraud-scandal-in-florida Democrat Hush Money Over Voter Fraud Scandal in Florida?]. National Republican Campaign Committee.</ref>

====Democrat voter suppression====
[[Florida]] Republican voters statewide received letters postmarked from [[Seattle]] saying they weren't eligible to vote.<ref>(2012, October 24). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2012/10/23/fake-voter-registration-letters-raise-alarm-in-florida-with-early-voting-set-to Fake voter registration letters raise alarm in Florida with early voting set to begin]. FOX News.</ref>

===2012 Ohio===
====Melowese Richardson====
Melowese Richardson, an [[Ohio]] Democratic poll worker was one of three Democrats charged with voter fraud.<ref>Shawn, E. (2013, March 11). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/03/11/cincinnati-poll-worker-charged-with-voting-half-dozen-times-in-november Cincinnati poll worker charged with voting half dozen times in November]. FOX News.</ref>
====2012 OH Tea Party obeservers blocked from poll monitoring====
Ohio's Franklin County blocked a [[Tea Party]] group, True the [[Vote]], from monitoring polling places.<ref>Flock, E. (2012, November 6). [https://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/washington-whispers/2012/11/06/true-the-vote-barred-from-operating-in-franklin-county-ohio True The Vote Barred From Operating In Franklin County, Ohio]. FOX News.</ref>

====2012 OH GOP candidates pressured by DNC to withdraw as poll observers====
The Ohio Democratic Party pressured Ohio candidates to withdraw as poll observers.<ref>Gamboa, S., Lush, T., et. al. (2012, November 6). [https://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/politics/july-dec12/pollproblems_11-06.html Poll Problems Cropping Up in Spots Around US]. PBS NewsHour.</ref>

===2012 Pennsylvania===
====2012 GOP polling observers blocked====
In the [[2012 presidential election]], [[Republican]] polling inspectors were blocked from polling places in the Democrat-ruled city. Rob Gleason, chairman of the [[Pennsylvania]] Republican Party, stated, "This was a shameless attempt from the Obama campaign to suppress our legally appointed Republican poll watchers."<ref>Curry, C. & De Vogue, A. (2012, November 6). [https://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/jersey-extends-email-voting-friday-election-workers-inundated/story?id=17653589&page=2 N.J. Extends Email Voting to Friday, Other States Hurry to Fix Polling Problems]. ABC News.</ref> [[Barack Obama]] received 100% of the vote in 59 Philadelphia precincts with zero votes for [[Mitt Romney]].<ref>[http://www.philly.com/philly/news/politics/20121112_In_59_Philadelphia_voting_wards__Mitt_Romney_got_zero_votes.html?mobi=true]</ref>

====Obama Mural At Poll====
In Philadelphia, a mural of Obama at a polling place was covered up after a Republican voter took a picture of it.<ref>Miller, J.R., Berger, J., & Weber, J. (2012, November 6). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2012/11/06/judge-issuing-order-to-reinstate-booted-philadelphia-election-officials Philly poll workers partially cover Obama mural after court order, leaving logo and quote in view]. FOX News.</ref>
===2012 Massachusetts===
====State Rep. Guilty of Forging Absentee Ballots====
A state representative for the Democratic Party, Stephen Smith of Everett, [[Massachusetts]], resigned in December for forging absentee ballots.<ref>(2012, December 20). [http://livewire.talkingpointsmemo.com/entry/mass-democrat-admits-absentee-voter-fraud Mass. Democrat Admits Absentee Voter Fraud]. TPM.</ref> According to the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]], "For those absentee ballots issued to unaware voters, one or more government officials assisted Smith in intercepting the ballots prior to their delivery to the voters’ addresses, and those ballots were cast for the unaware voters."<ref>(2012, December 20). [http://www.fbi.gov/boston/press-releases/2012/massachusetts-state-representative-stephen-smith-agrees-to-plead-guilty-to-voter-fraud-charges Massachusetts State Representative Stephen Smith Agrees to Plead Guilty to Voter Fraud Charges]. FBI. Boston Division.</ref>
===Result===
Obama won narrowly in 3 states with Democrat-influenced voter scandals, which combined equaled 67 electoral votes. If not for those states Obama wouldn't have won.

*Florida: 50.0% to 49.1%, 29 Electoral Votes
*Ohio: 50.1% to 48.2%, 18 Electoral Votes
*Pennsylvania: 52.0% to 46.8%, 20 Electoral Votes

Obama had 332 electoral votes, [[Mitt Romney|Romney]] 206. If those 3 states were overturned (-67 to Obama, +67 to Romney), Romney would lead instead by 273 to 265.<ref>[https://www.politico.com/2012-election/map/#/President/2012/ 2012 Presidential Election]. Politico.</ref>

==2010==
===2010 California Attorney General===
*[[Kamala Harris]] was declared the winner after three weeks by 74,000 with 9.6 million votes cast, or by a margin of about 7/10 of one percent.

===2010 Nevada Senate===
Despite low approval ratings and a strong challenge amid suspicions of voting irregularities, Democrat Majority Leader Harry Reid was declared the winner. Some voters complained that their ballot had been cast before they went to the polls, raising questions about Clark County’s electronic voting machines. Others claimed electronic voting machines switched straight-party ballots from Republican to Democrat.<ref>http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/early-voting-irregularities-create-suspicion-of-fraud/</ref>

==2009==
===2009 New York===
====NYC Officials Plead Guilty of Forging Absentee Ballots====
Democratic voter fraud in New York City led to multiple guilty pleas from Democratic election officials.
{{cquote|"Former Troy Democratic City Clerk William McInerney, Democratic Councilman [[John Brown]], and Democratic political operatives Anthony Renna and Anthony DeFiglio have entered guilty pleas in the case, in which numerous signatures were allegedly forged on absentee ballots in the 2009 Working Families Party primary, the political party that was associated with the now-defunct community group, [[ACORN]]."<ref>Huston, W.T. [http://www.truethevote.org/news/eighth-democrat-named-in-new-york-vote-fraud-probe Eighth Democrat Named in New York Vote Fraud Probe]. True the Vote.</ref>}}

==2008==
[[File:ACORN VOTER FRAUD.JPG|right|275px|thumb|Key: States in red where ACORN has been investigated for voter fraud.]]
:''See also:[[Essay:Evidence for Electoral Fraud in the 2008 Presidential Election|Evidence for Electoral Fraud in the 2008 Presidential Election]]''
===2008 ACORN===
When [[ACORN]] was questioned regarding their tactics, they reply with an attack of their own, [[voter suppression]]. Teresa James, an attorney for ACORN affiliate Project Vote says, "they don't have the resources," to catch all fraud. However, ACORN has the money to air commercials nationwide. In it, blaming racism and vote suppression, not ACORN.<ref>[http://www.cleveland.com/plaindealer/stories/index.ssf?/base/cuyahoga/122345478771640.xml&coll=2 Voter-registration can't be totally fraud-free, group says], [[The Plain Dealer]], October 08, 2008</ref>

It was believed that ACORN has helped register over 1.27 million people nationwide. Michael Slater, executive director of Project Vote, told the [[New York Times]] that the real number of newly registered [[voters]] is closer to 450,000. About 400,000 registrations were rejected by election officials for a variety of reasons including fraud.<ref>[https://www.newsmax.com/insidecover/acorn_numbers_exaggerated/2008/10/24/143773.html ACORN Numbers Vastly Exaggerated] NewsMax, October 24, 2008</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/24/us/politics/24acorn.html Group’s Tally of New Voters Was Vastly Overstated], [[The New York Times]], October 24, 2008</ref>

* [[Nevada]] officials raided ACORN's [[Las Vegas]] office after election authorities accused the group of submitting multiple voter registrations with fake and duplicate names. Among the bogus monikers: names of former [[Dallas Cowboys]] players.

* Lake County, Ind., election officials this month rejected thousands of registration forms ACORN had turned in from its drives. On a conference call yesterday, [[GOP]] officials noted that up to 11,000 of the applications were no good - tying up election officials and jeopardizing the voting rights of untold victims whose identities may have been stolen. At least 2,100 of the applications turned in were rejected.<ref>[http://www.capitalresearch.org/blog/?p=1443 A Perfect Score for ACORN in Indiana!]</ref>

* ACORN vote canvassers had pulled names and addresses from phone books and forged signatures. According to a local paper (the Northwest [[Indiana]] and Illinois Times), "Large numbers of voter registration forms bore signatures all in the same apparent handwriting style" and "apparently the organization's canvassers broke rules to meet ACORN-set voter registration quotas to get paid." The fake registrants include dead people and underage kids. Also, there were 5000 more voter registrations in Indiana than voters.

* [[Milwaukee]], Wisc., officials discovered at least seven felons employed as voter-registration workers for ACORN and another affiliated group. (State law bans felons from such work.) They also uncovered a raft of problematic voter-registration cards. The state GOP accuses the group of trying to get dead, imprisoned or imaginary people on the voter rolls. Fraud has plagued ACORN's Milwaukee chapter since the last election cycle. 26 ACORN workers are facing criminal investigations.

* In [[Florida]], in Orange County alone, ACORN workers turned in multiple, copycat forms for six separate voters over the summer. The Miami Herald reports: "One individual had 21 duplicate applications."

* In Ohio, large numbers of homeless people got free van and bus rides to register. Shelby Holliday, a reporter for Palestra.net, filmed ACORN shuttling in some prospects. Homeless including felons were registered with an undocumented temporary address.<ref>[http://www.nypost.com/seven/10082008/postopinion/opedcolumnists/the_pro_barack_vote_fraud_drive_132618.htm?page=0 THE PRO-BARACK VOTE-FRAUD DRIVE], [[New York Post]], October 8, 2008</ref> Also, Christopher Barkley claimed that they were hounded by the community-activist group ACORN to register to vote several times, even though they made it clear they'd already signed up. He had registered to vote "10 to 15" times after canvassers for ACORN relentlessly pursued him and others. A subpoenaed voter of Cuyahoga County, Freddie Johnson, 19, filled out registration cards 72 times over 18 months<ref>[http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/2101201/posts NUTS! HOW ACORN GOT ME INTO VOTE SCAM], [[New York Post]]</ref> On October 14, 2008, the Buckeye Institute filed a RICO suit against ACORN for vote fraud.<ref>[http://www.capitalresearch.org/blog/?p=1502 ACORN Faces "RICO" Lawsuit in Ohio]</ref>

* In [[Pennsylvania]], The Allegheny County district attorney said Thursday that criminal charges could result from nearly 100 fraudulent voter registrations submitted in the Pittsburgh area.<ref>[http://obamaacorn.com/acorn-may-face-new-charges-in-pa-update-video-added-hotair/ ACORN may face new charges in PA] ObamaAcorn.com, October 10, 2008</ref>

* In [[Michigan]], Oakland County election officials found more than 33,000 duplicate registrations, about two-thirds of new applications since August and ACORN canvassers submitted most of those applications.<ref>[https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/oct/10/obama-camp-downplays-ACORN-payments/?page=2 Obama camp downplays ACORN payments], [[Washington Times]], October 10, 2008</ref>

* Evidence has surfaced that ACORN and Barack Obama are intimately linked. The article, “Case Study: Chicago-The Barack Obama Campaign,” which appeared in the Winter 2003-Spring 2004 issue of Social Policy magazine, was written by ACORN organizer Toni Foulkes.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081023000508/http://www.capitalresearch.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/chicago-the-barack-obama-campaign.pdf Case Study: Chicago - The Barack Obama Campaign]</ref>

*The [[New York Times]] admitted in May 2009, that prior to the presidential election it killed a story involving corruption allegations with Acorn that might have hurt the Obama presidential campaign. The admission came from a column by Clark Hoyt, where he describe the allegations against the Obama campaign and Acorn as "nonsense." <ref>[http://spectator.org/blog/2009/05/18/new-york-times-finally-admits New York Times Finally Admits It Spiked Obama/ACORN Corruption Story], [[American Spectator]] May 18, 2009</ref>

===2008 Minnesota===
[[File:alfrankendiapers.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Sen. Al Franken.]]
Marc Elias represented [[Al Franken]] in [[Minnesota]]. The recount may have been decided by convicted [[felon]]s who voted illegally. A study conducted by Minnesota Majority watchdog group found that at least 341 convicted felons in largely Democratic [[Minneapolis]]-[[St. Paul (City)|St. Paul]] voted illegally in the 2008 Senate race. The felons were registered by [[ACORN]].

The final recount determined six months after the election showed Franken beat Coleman by 312 votes -- '''''fewer votes than the number of felons whose illegal ballots were counted''''' which matched publicly available conviction lists with voting records. Even though it could be determined that felons illegally voted, there was no way to determine ''how'' they voted with a secret ballot. Once their votes were mixed in with the total, there is no way to separate them out. The same loophole can be used for non-citizens' voting. This is what is meant by the slogan, "Count every vote."

The watchdog group took the voting lists and matched them with conviction lists, then went to the voting roster lists, where voters sign in before voting, and matched them.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2010/07/12/felons-voting-illegally-franken-minnesota-study-finds/ Felons Voting Illegally May Have Put Franken Over the Top in Minnesota, Study Finds]</ref>

[[Ann Coulter]] said,
{{quotebox|"He stole the 2008 election in Minnesota, going from a thousand votes down the day after the election to 300 votes up a few months later, after vast numbers of Franken votes kept being discovered in heavily Democratic districts. As economist [[John Lott]] pointed out at the time, the magically appearing votes for Franken were a statistical impossibility."<ref>http://www.anncoulter.com/columns/2013-10-30.html</ref>}}

===2008 Philadelphia===
The city of Philadelphia has a majority of voters affiliated with the [[Democrat Party]]. As of November, 2008, there are 1,126,768 registered voters in Philadelphia. Of those, 880,684 are registered with the Democrat Party, and 147,074 are registered with the [[Republican Party]].<ref>http://www.dos.state.pa.us/elections/cwp/view.asp?A=1310&Q=446974</ref> Despite overwhelming evidence of [[voter suppression]] by [[New Black Panther Party]] members Minister King Samir Shabazz, Malik Zulu Sha-Bazz, and Jerry Jackson at a Philadelphia polling office, they were acquitted with minimal charges by the [[U.S. Department of Justice]], then under [[Attorney General]] [[Eric Holder]]. Holder, when questioned about his rationale, said he didn't want to prosecute "my people" (thus implying that he holds bias against white voters and for minorities, and that attempts to bring justice to people who violated the [[Voting Rights Act]] is comparable to what happened to Blacks in Charleston during the Civil Rights era).<ref>http://www.examiner.com/article/eric-holder-focus-on-black-panther-voter-intimidation-case-demeans-my-people</ref>

==2006==
===2006 DSCC scandal===

During the 2006 U.S. Senate election', the [[Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee]] illegally obtained a copy of the credit report of the Lieutenant Governor of Maryland, [[Michael S. Steele]], a Republican senatorial candidate, posing as him and using his social security number.

==2004==
===John Kerry===
In 2007 the Federal Election Commission fined the Kerry campaign $1.3 million for spending more than federal rules allow during his 2004 Presidential bid. In order to receive public funds, Kerry, a former Democrat senator from Massachusetts, and his running mate, former North Carolina Sen. [[John Edwards]], agreed to spend $74.6 million or less on their general election campaign against President Bush.<ref>https://www.politico.com/news/stories/0507/4269.html</ref><ref>[https://www.fec.gov/agenda/2007/mtgdoc07-37.pdf Agenda Document No. 07-37], Federal Election Commission, Washington, D.C., May 21, 2007.</ref> In 2009 the FEC fined a [[George Soros]]-backed group $775,000 for its unregulated spending during the 2004 election on behalf of Democrats, including Democratic Presidential candidate [[John F. Kerry]].<ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/2100-501563_162-3222390.html</ref>

===2004 ACORN===
* The Wall Street Journal noted: “In Ohio in 2004, a worker for one affiliate was given crack cocaine in exchange for fraudulent registrations that included underage voters, dead [[voters]] and pillars of the community named Mary Poppins, Dick Tracy and Jive Turkey. During a [[congressional]] hearing in Ohio in the aftermath of the 2004 election, officials from several counties in the state explained ACORN’s practice of dumping thousands of registration forms in their lap on the submission deadline, even though the forms had been collected months earlier.” Acorn workers have been convicted of fraud in Wisconsin and Colorado.<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB116251922202112150 The Acorn Indictments], [[Wall Street Journal]]</ref>

* In March, [[Philadelphia]] elections officials accused the nonprofit advocacy group of filing fraudulent voter registrations in advance of the April 22nd Pennsylvania primary.

* In July, ACORN settled the largest case of voter fraud in the history of [[Washington]] State. Seven ACORN workers had submitted nearly 2,000 bogus voter registration forms. According to case records, they flipped through phone books for names to use on the forms, including “Leon Spinks,” “Frekkie Magoal” and “Fruto Boy Crispila.” Three ACORN election hoaxers pleaded guilty in October.

* In 2004, ACORN registered illegal immigrant Nuradin Abdi. He was the suspected Ohio shopping mall bomb plotter from Somalia, according to the Columbus Dispatch.<ref>[https://www.newsmax.com/newsfront/minutemen_illegal_voting/2008/10/30/145903.html Minutemen Muster Nationally to Foil Illegal Voting] [[NewsMax]], October 30, 2008</ref>

==2000==
===2000 Florida Recount===
[[Image:Goregaia.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Gore, an environmental cultist, pursued a hapless attempt to stuff the ballot box during recounts as vengeance against Republicans for the impeachment of Bill Clinton.]]
:{{See also|Bush v. Gore}}
The legacy TV networks, in a rush to be the first to present results, made false calls in Florida. Each network used the same exit poll data, which contained a small math error for Florida. The networks first called Florida for Gore, then for Bush. They should have said it was too close to call. Worse (and some believe, deliberately), the networks called Florida after the polls closed in the Eastern Time Zone part of the state (which is heavily Democrat-leaning) but while they were still open in the Central Time Zone part (the Florida panhandle, which is heavily Republican due to the large military bases located there).

One of the potential keys to Gore losing Florida was the unusual style of paper ballot used in Palm Beach County, a South Florida county which has a large Jewish population and is historically a Democrat stronghold.

The ballot style required voters to choose their choice for President/Vice President by punching paper ballots; however, instead of listing all the candidates on one side, the candidates were listed on alternating sides of the ballot (in larger print to assist the large number of elderly voters; the alternating list gave rise to the "[[butterfly ballot]]" nickname). The top of the line showing "Gore-Lieberman", however, overlapped with the ballot punch hole for the Reform Party ticket of "[[Pat Buchanan]]-Ezola Foster"; notwithstanding a clearly-marked arrow directing voters to the correct punch hole, Buchanan (considered by many a notorious anti-Semite) received an unusually high number of votes in a county with a sizeable Jewish population.

The final official recount in Florida showed Bush the winner by 537 votes. Gore supporters asked the Florida state Supreme Court to again recount votes in some counties where they thought Gore might add votes, but to ignore counties where they thought Bush would gain. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled this strategy illegal, and the result was accepted by Gore, who indeed announced the Florida vote for Bush in his role as Vice President.

The campaigns of both [[Ralph Nader]] on the [[Green Party]] ticket and [[Pat Buchanan]] on the [[Reform Party]] ticket gained some media attention during the campaign. Gore's affiliation with Clinton and the [[racist]] [[DLC]] machine<ref>http://www.blackcommentator.com/46/46_cover.html</ref> caused critics—Green Party progressive candidate [[Ralph Nader]] in particular—to assert that Bush and Gore were too similar, especially on free trade, reductions in social welfare, and the death penalty. "We want to punish the Democrats, we want to hurt them, wound them," Nader's closest advisor said.<ref>Harry G. Levinem "Ralph Nader, Suicide Bomber." ''The Village Voice'' May 3, 2004 at [http://www.villagevoice.com/news/0418,levine,53179,1.html]</ref> With the election so close leftists speculated that they had "caused" the result. Democrats never forgave Nader.

There has also been much speculation on what might have happened if there had been recounts under different rules. A consortium of newspapers did an investigation of multiple scenarios. They concluded Gore would have won in some versions and Bush in other versions; ironically, Bush would have won under the recounts that Gore had proposed. In a rare situation in Presidential elections, Al Gore lost his home state of [[Tennessee]] to George Bush. Had he carried that state, the whole question of how Florida voted would have been moot.

====Equal protection violations====
:{{See also|Bush v. Gore}}
The recount standard was done differently from county to county and sometimes from counting team to counting team.<ref>Strauss, David. ''The Vote: Bush, Gore, & the Supreme Court''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</ref> The Supreme court overturned that plan 7 to 2, and then in a 5 to 4 decision ruled that the time to find additional recounts method had passed. In effect, this solidified the results as they had been recorded, allowing George W. Bush to claim victory and enter the [[President of the United States of America|Presidency]].

In an unsigned per curiam decision, the court explained that state legislative power to choose electors, as conferred by the Constitution, can be taken by state legislatures at any time:<ref>https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/00-949.ZPC.html</ref>
{{cquote|The State, of course, after granting the franchise in the special context of Article II, can take back the power to appoint electors. See id., at 35 (“[T]here is no doubt of the right of the legislature to resume the power at any time, for it can neither be taken away nor abdicated”) (quoting S. Rep. No. 395, 43d Cong., 1st Sess.).}}
Independent news agencies later did their own recounts, trying to simulate how the Florida court might have done it. They found that under most scenarios, the recounts would have favored Bush, but that the court could have manipulated the process to declare Gore the winner.<ref>Kaus, Mickey. "Everything the New York Times Thinks About the Florida Recount Is Wrong!". Slate. 13 November 2001. [http://www.slate.com/?id=2058603 http://www.slate.com/?id=2058603]. Accessed 10 November 2009.</ref>

==1996==
===Stuffing the ballot box with illegal votes===

In his new book, Sellout: ''The Inside Story of President Clinton’s Impeachment'', David P. Schippers, former Chief Counsel for the House Judiciary Committee, details his investigation of abuses surrounding the Citizenship USA program.<ref>https://cis.org/Report/Injustice-All-Excerpt-Sellout-Inside-Story-President-Clintons-Impeachment</ref> Schippers and staff focused on the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), which appeared to be running out of control. Investigations by the [[General Accounting Office]] (GAO) and congressional committees indicated that the White House used the INS to further its political agenda. A blatant politicization of the agency took place during the 1996 presidential campaign when the White House pressured the INS into expediting its "Citizenship USA" (CUSA) program to grant citizenship to thousands of aliens that the White House counted as likely Democratic voters. To ensure maximum impact, the INS concentrated on aliens in key states — California, Florida, Illinois, New York, New Jersey, and Texas — that hold a combined 181 electoral votes, just 89 short of the total needed to win the election.

The program was placed under the direction of Vice President Al Gore. The Judiciary Committee staff received from the GAO a few e-mails indicating Gore’s role in the plan. He was responsible for keeping the pressure on, to make sure the aliens were pushed through by September 1, 1996 the last day to register for the presidential election. Schipper's investigation uncovered a case study evidencing what is known as "Chicago Politics." The Democrats circumvented normal procedures for the naturalization process — procedures that check backgrounds and weed out criminals — and consequently they were handing out citizenship papers to questionable characters.

The possibility of using CUSA apparently occurred to the White House in February 1996, when [[Henry Cisneros]], then [[Secretary of Housing and Urban Development]], forwarded a memo to President Clinton. The memo, from the California Active Citizenship Campaign (ACC), complained of a backlog of alien applications for naturalization in Los Angeles. It contained the magic words: "INS inaction [on the backlog] will deny 300,000 Latinos the right to vote in the 1996 presidential elections [sic] in California."

The memo outlined the services that the Industrial Areas Foundation (IAF) in Los Angeles could provide. The IAF offered thousands of volunteers to help process voter applications, register thousands of new voters, conduct 5,000 house meetings, encourage voting by mail, and get more than 50,000 occasional voters out to vote in the presidential election. Most interesting were the promises that the IAF would "create voter interest around issues of Affirmative Action and Minimum Wage, . . . influence 300,000 voters in the preparation for Nov. 1996, . . . produce 5,000 precinct leaders and turn out 96,000 voters for the 1996 presidential election."

Documents show that President Clinton asked Doug Farbrother of the National Performance Review (NPR) staff to look into removing barriers to citizenship not only in Los Angeles but also in San Francisco, Chicago, New York, and Miami — major cities in four swing states. In a memo to the President, Farbrother stated that "we can reduce — but not eliminate -- the risk of controversy over our motives by appointing one of our proven NPR reinventors as Deputy INS Commissioner . . . As part of the official INS management team, our reinventor would have more direct influence and the INS staff would be less likely to go public with complaints than they would over the interference of an outsider." The memo observed that "reinventors" should be put in many other agencies, as well, to replace leaders who "don’t ‘get it.’" Farbrother recommended, "[t]o get anywhere near a million applicants naturalized" by summer’s end, the administration would have "to force some serious ‘reinvention’ on INS."

Farbrother and the NPR won the assignment of getting the INS to process more than a million applicants by the end of the summer. As early as March 1996, GAO documents reveal, he was reporting his efforts, recommendations, and results to Al Gore. Farbrother reported how he had told the INS and the Justice Department to waive "stupid rules," and he told Gore that unless reforms were implemented, the backlog wouldn’t be "processed in time."

As Farbrother noted in a March 22, 1996 e-mail to Gore, he had told INS Deputy Commissioner Chris Sale and Deputy Attorney General [[Jamie Gorelick]] "to delegate broad authority to the managers in" New York, Chicago, Miami, San Francisco, and Los Angeles. But the INS and the Justice Department were not immediately complying with his demands, he said. Keeping the pressure on, Farbrother sent Sale a fax reiterating how important this delegation was in order "to get the results the Vice President wants." In the fax he also commented, "I need you or Doris [Meissner] to sign something like the attached," referring to a memo giving those INS district directors "full authority to waive, suspend, or deviate from DOJ and INS nonstatutory policies, regulations, and procedures provided you operate within the confines of the law."

The White House wanted any applicant for citizenship to be naturalized in time to register for the November 1996 election, so the pressure on the INS was constant. On March 21 Elaine Kamarck in the Vice President’s office sent an e-mail to Farbrother saying: "THE PRESIDENT IS SICK OF THIS AND WANTS ACTION. IF NOTHING MOVES TODAY WE’LL HAVE TO TAKE SOME PRETTY DRASTIC MEASURES." Farbrother responded, "I favor drastic measures." If he couldn’t get what he wanted from the INS, he wrote, he would "call for heavy artillery."

In a March 26, 1996 e-mail to Goret, Farbrother reported that Chris Sale has indeed "delegated hiring authority to the five cities and increased their budgets by 20 percent." But, he wrote, "I still don’t think the city directors have enough freedom to do the job." Two days later Farbrother told Gore by e-mail, "[U]nless we blast INS headquarters loose from their grip on the frontline managers, we are going to have way too many people still waiting for citizenship in November." He added, "I can’t make Doris Meissner delegate broad authority to her field managers. Can you?"

Gore answered, "We’ll explore it. Thanks." By the end of March, INS Commissioner Doris Meissner capitulated. On April 4, 1996, Elaine Kamarck, to prepare Gore for a lunch with Clinton, drafted a memo briefing Gore on the INS progress. In time, Newark, New Jersey, and Houston, Texas, would be added to the list of targeted cities, and in all, more than a million aliens would be naturalized in time to vote in the 1996 election.

The INS district office in Chicago, which Gore had visited in 1996 to check on the registration progress, some of the most flagrant and critical breakdown occurred in fingerprint checks. Federal regulations require that, for an alien to obtain citizenship, his application for naturalization (citizenship) must be accompanied by a complete set of the alien’s fingerprints. The fingerprint cards are then sent to the FBI to determine if the applicant has a criminal or arrest record. The law provides that an application may be denied if the alien has a serious criminal record or if he falsely denies ever having been arrested, even if he was never convicted.

In the INS district offices, the alien applicant for naturalization cannot be scheduled for a personal interview until at least 60 days after the application is submitted. This delay is specifically intended to allow sufficient time for an FBI fingerprint check. If the check reveals an arrest record identification, the arrest report is inserted in the alien’s file prior to the interview. An arrest record does not automatically result in a denial of citizenship, but it alerts an examiner to spend additional time questioning the applicant and to request that he furnish further information.

If there is no criminal arrest record in the file prior to the interview, the examiner will assume that none exists. For that reason, the INS has always considered the FBI fingerprint check to be the only practical way of preventing violent felons, dope peddlers, and the like from obtaining citizenship. Any breakdown in the collecting, checking, and reporting of the fingerprints can cause a breakdown of the entire process. Judiciary investigators discovered that FBI arrest records that were being sent to the Chicago INS office simply were not being inserted into the aliens’ files. As a result, aliens with criminal records were being granted citizenship. Just prior to the 1996 voter registration deadline, a box was discovered in the Chicago INS office containing nearly five thousand FBI arrest reports — reports that had arrived in time but had been ignored.

The White House, the INS, and the Justice Department publicly denied any political motive in the CUSA program to expedite the citizenship procedure. What the United States got is undeniable: more than 75,000 new citizens who had arrest records when they applied; an additional 115,000 citizens whose fingerprints were unclassifiable for various technical reasons and were never resubmitted; and another 61,000 people who were given citizenship with no fingerprints submitted at all.

What we had here was a perfect example of the Clinton-Gore administration’s overarching political philosophy: "The ends justify the means," coupled with "win at any cost." It was a philosophy of governance that, as our investigations into other areas proceeded, we would find repeated again and again.

When the results of the KPMG Peat Marwick audit were made public, the INS and Justice vowed to remedy the situation, root out the felons, and revoke erroneously awarded citizenship. Everyone congratulated the administration for acting so quickly — and then promptly forgot about it.

In June 1998, the Judiciary Committee continued the investigation of CUSA. Interest intensified when they heard that a similar plan was in the works for the 2000 presidential election.

In the course of the investigation, they discovered that FBI arrest records were still missing from the proper files; many were still in boxes. They unearthed that several individuals who had been naturalized illegally were now trying to sponsor their relatives for citizenship. They found sponsors unable to speak a word of English, a condition that should have prevented naturalization. Similarly, they uncovered arrest records or other information that should have been disqualifiers for naturalization. INS agents who had found these irregularities were ordered to ignore them and to revoke citizenship only in cases ordered by the auditors.

Thousands of criminals are now citizens of the United States because it was assumed they would vote for Bill Clinton and Al Gore.

===Chinagate 2.0===
{{See also|Chinagate fundraising scandal}}
The Chinagate was a campaign finance controversy in which the Clintons illegally took money from foreign governments and military establishments. Like the Nixon administration, however, it was impossible to get the government to investigate itself, at least to any acceptable or just conclusion before the Clintons term of office was up.

Agents of China sought to give contributions to the Democratic National Committee (DNC) before the [[United States presidential election, 1996|1996 presidential campaign]] in violation of US law barring non-American citizens from donating money to American politicians and political parties.<ref>Woodward, Bob and Duffy, Brian, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/campfin/stories/china1.htm "Chinese Embassy Role In Contributions Probed"], ''Washington Post'', February 13, 1997.</ref>

An unclassified [[United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs|U.S. Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs]] report issued in 1998 stated that both James Riady and his father Mochtar "had a long-term relationship with a Chinese intelligence agency." According to journalist [[Bob Woodward]], details of the relationship came from highly classified intelligence information supplied to the committee by both the CIA and [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]].<ref name="washingtonpost.com">Woodward, Bob, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/campfin/stories/cf021098.htm "Findings Link Clinton Allies to Chinese Intelligence"], ''Washington Post'', Feb. 10, 1998.</ref>
[[File:MOCTAR.JPG|right|300px|thumb|Hillary Clinton with Mochtar Riady at a fundraiser during the [[Chinagate]] scandal. Mochtar Riady, along with Bill Clinton's financial godfather Jackson Stephens, brought the [[BCCI]] to America, a front for international dope dealers and arms traffickers.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=hk7XCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT61&lpg=PT61&dq=mochtar+riady+bcci&source=bl&ots=58F2SxmNWF&sig=ZV6dddrtUdo7dmmCfjVhgQZOuLE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpwvS7mvDTAhVH9mMKHc_MC5QQ6AEINzAG#v=onepage&q=mochtar%20riady%20bcci&f=false]</ref>]]
The relationship between John Huang, the Riady Family, and the Clintons, goes back to the late 1970s in Little Rock, Arkansas. The patriarch of the family, Mochtar Riady, is an [[Indonesia]]n of [[Chinese]] descent who built up the Lippo Group empire. In the mid-1970s, Mochtar Riady planned to expand his business into the United States and began looking for partners. He met the Stephens family of Arkansas and entered into various joint ventures with Stephens Inc.

The Stephens family were in fact the original owners of the American branch of the notorious [[Bank of Credit and Commerce International]] (BCCI) in a joint venture with the Riady's in the late 1970s and 1980s.<ref>mlhttps://fas.org/irp/congress/1992_rpt/bcci/06early.htm</ref> It was shut down in the early 1990s in an enormous worldwide criminal money laundering scandal.

In Little Rock the Riadys met then-Governor Bill Clinton and financially supported Clinton's gubernatorial campaigns throughout the 1980s.

After Riady pledged $1 million in support of then-Governor Clinton's campaign for the presidency 1992, contributions made by Huang had been reimbursed with funds wired from a foreign Lippo Group entity into an account Riady maintained at Lippo Bank and then distributed to Huang in cash. Also, contributions made by Lippo Group entities operating in the United States were reimbursed with wire transfers from foreign Lippo Group entities.<ref name="James Riady Pleads Guilty">[http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/2001/January/017crm.htm "James Riady Pleads Guilty"], Department of Justice, press release, January 11, 2001.</ref><ref name="cnn.com">[https://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1999/08/12/huang.sentence/ "Former Democratic fund-raiser John Huang pleads guilty"], ''CNN.com'', Aug. 12, 1999.</ref>

Huang visited the White House 78 times while working as a DNC fund-raiser.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1997/gen/resources/infocus/fundraising.flap/time9610.html "The Democratic Fund-Raising Flap: Timeline"], ''CNN.com'', July 1, 1997.</ref> James Riady visited the White House 20 times including 6 personal visits with President Clinton.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1997/gen/resources/infocus/fundraising.flap/characters.html "The Democratic Fund-Raising Flap: Cast of Characters"], ''CNN.com'', July 1, 1997.</ref> As a key fund-raiser he raised $3.4 million for the party.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/campfin/players/huang.htm "Campaign Finance Key Player: John Huang"], ''Washington Post'', July 27, 1997.</ref>

Immediately prior to joining the DNC, Huang worked in the Clintons' [[Commerce Department]] as deputy assistant secretary for international economic affairs giving him access to classified intelligence on China.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/US/9905/25/cox.report.highlights/ "Highlights of U.S. report on alleged China spying"], ''CNN.com'', May 25, 1999.</ref>

Under questioning by Sen. Don Nickles during congressional investigations Clinton private investigator Terry Lenzner identified [[Cody Shearer]] as a liaison between Lenzner's firm, Investigative Group International, and the Cheyenne-Arapaho tribe. The tribe had donated more than $100,000 to the Democratic Party hoping that the Clinton administration would intervene on the tribes behalf in a dispute over drilling rights on tribal land. Lenzner's firm had been hired by the Clintons to discredit Paula Jones, Kathleen Willey, Monica Lewinsky and others, and had been retained to uncover compromising links between Sen. Don Nickles-opposed the tribe's claims—and local oil interests.<ref>https://www.weeklystandard.com/the-other-secret-dossier/article/2011477</ref>

==1992==
According to [[Wikipedia]], [[Bill Clinton]] engaged in [[voter suppression]] by appearing at several [[Massachusetts]] polling locations, which caused voters hours of delay and inhibited traffic.<ref>http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/2016/03/01/did-bill-clinton-violate-election-rules-venturing-into-polling-location/PH4FIH9jCKYKf6Fzyvfz2N/story.html</ref> Clinton was allegedly electioneering within 150 feet of the polling locations, which is also illegal according to Massachusetts state law.<ref>http://www.medfordma.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/ELECTIONSummary.pdf</ref>

===Chinagate 1.0===
An unclassified [[United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs|U.S. Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs]] report issued in 1998 stated that both James Riady and his father Mochtar "had a long-term relationship with a Chinese intelligence agency." According to journalist [[Bob Woodward]], details of the relationship came from highly classified intelligence information supplied to the committee by both the CIA and [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]].<ref name="washingtonpost.com"/>

The relationship between John Huang, the Riady Family, and the Clintons, goes back to the late 1970s in Little Rock, Arkansas. The patriarch of the family, Mochtar Riady, is an [[Indonesia]]n of [[Chinese]] descent who built up the Lippo Group empire. In the mid-1970s, Mochtar Riady planned to expand his business into the United States and began looking for partners. He met the Stephens family of Arkansas headed by Witt Stephens<ref>http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=1773</ref> and entered into various joint ventures with Stephens Inc.

In Little Rock the Riadys met then-Governor [[Bill Clinton]] and financially supported Clinton's gubernatorial campaigns throughout the 1980s.

It was through the Lippo-Stephens partnership that James Riady came to Arkansas to assist with their joint venture, [[Worthen Banking Corporation]].<ref>Simultaneously with the Rose Law Firms's shredding of documents related to Whitewater and the death of Vince Foster, the Worthern Bank suffered a fire destroying all its documents relating to loans made to the Clinton's and their election campaigns. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1994/04/23/whitewater-weirdness/2422e03b-eb40-4816-936d-86ccc50f6a6c/</ref>

Other corrupt individuals involved include Charlie Trie,<ref>[https://abcnews.go.com/International/fbi-arrests-chinese-millionaire-tied-clinton-scandal/story?id=33990683, FBI Arrests Chinese Millionaire Once Tied to Clinton $$ Scandal], [[ABC News]]</ref> Johnny Chung,<ref>[https://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/new-clinton-scandal-mirrors-chinagate-say-analysts New Clinton Scandal Mirrors 'Chinagate,' Say Analysts], [[CNSNews]]</ref> and Wang Jun.<ref>[https://www.wnd.com/1999/05/7050/ Chinagate's smoking gun], [[WND]]</ref>

Following James Riady was John Huang. Shortly after Riady pledged $1 million in support of then-Governor Clinton's campaign for the presidency 1992, contributions made by Huang had been reimbursed with funds wired from a foreign Lippo Group entity into an account Riady maintained at Lippo Bank and then distributed to Huang in cash. Also, contributions made by Lippo Group entities operating in the United States were reimbursed with wire transfers from foreign Lippo Group entities.<ref name="James Riady Pleads Guilty"/><ref name="cnn.com"/>

One of the world's wealthiest people,[28] Ng Lap Seng, a billionaire [[real estate]] developer from [[Macau]], also is among the offshore owners in the leaked [[Panama Papers]] documents.

Ng was on friendly terms with Bill Clinton when he was president, visiting the [[White House]] ten times between 1994 and 1996.[31] Using a [[proxy]], Ng [[illegal]]ly contributed $1 million to the [[Democratic National Committee]] and the Clinton-Gore campaign of 1996; his proxy was arrested, but Ng escaped criminal charges.[31]

==1976==
===1976 election fraud in Pennsylvania and Ohio===
:{{See also|United States presidential election, 1976}}
[[Jimmy Carter]] won Ohio by 11,000 votes and carried its 25 electoral votes. [[Gerald Ford]] performed poorest in [[Cleveland]] and Cuyahoga county. No fewer than 3 Democrats appeared on the ballot as third party candidates. Third party [[leftist]]s received votes as follows: [[Eugene McCarthy]] 58,258, [[Lester Maddox]] 15,529, [[Gus Hall]] 7,817, and [[Lyndon LaRouche]] 4,335.

Carter won Pennsylvania and its 27 electoral votes. Carter won Allegheny county by 23,000 votes.

[[File:John Kennedy texas.png|right|300px|thumb|John Kennedy was elected using the same Southern Strategy FDR did by putting a Texan on the ticket.<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23535517?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents John F. Kennedy's Southern Strategy, 1956-1960], Guy Paul Land, ''The North Carolina Historical Review'', Vol. 56, No. 1 (January, 1979), pp. 41-63.</ref>]]
==1960==
===1960 election fraud in Texas and Illinois===
:{{See also|United States presidential election, 1960}}
Voter fraud in Democrat vice presidential candidate Lyndon Johnson's home state of [[Texas]] and in the corrupt Cook County, Illinois Democrat machine of mayor [[Richard J. Daley]] swung the presidential election to [[John F. Kennedy]]. The final margin in the popular vote was fewer than one vote per precinct in American. Republican presidential candidate [[Richard Nixon]] did not possess a lust for personal power at the expense of creating further divisions among the American people in what was already the closest election in history, and chose not to contest the results.

==1958==
[[File:Lawrence Brooks Hays portrait.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Rep. Brooks Hays was denied re-election by election fraud tactics.]]
===1958 U.S. House election in Arkansas' 5th district===
[[L. Brooks Hays]], a [[segregation]]ist though racial moderate from [[Arkansas]], ran for re-election in the [[1958 Midterm Elections|1958 midterms]]. After refusing to take either side in the Little Rock crisis, the more staunchly segregationist [[Dale Alford]], a Little Rock opthamologist, challenged him in the general election as a nominal [[Independent voters|Independent]] running on Democrat credentials.<ref name=brookshaysbio>Day, John Kyle. [https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/lawrence-brooks-hays-506/ Lawrence Brooks Hays (1898–1981)]. ''Encyclopedia of Arkansas''. Retrieved October 10, 2021.</ref> Alford's write-in campaign ultimately denied Hays re-election by a narrow margin.<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=126042 AR District 5 Race - Nov 04, 1958]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved October 10, 2021.</ref>

According to the Encyclopedia of Arkansas:<ref name=brookshaysbio/>
{{cquote|Alford used legally questionable stickers attached to ballots, as well as other irregularities, to achieve this major upset.}}

==1952==
===Kefauver v. Stevenson===
[[Tennessee]] Sen. [[Estes Kefauver]] won twelve of the then fifteen presidential party primaries, but the nomination went to the choice of the party bosses, [[Illinois]] Gov. [[Adlai Stevenson]]. These bosses including President [[Harry Truman]], strongly disliked Kefauver; his investigations of organized crime had revealed connections between [[Mafia]] figures and many of the big-city Democratic political machines. The party bosses thus viewed Kefauver as a maverick who could not be trusted, and they refused to support him for the nomination.<ref name="McKeever, p. 186">(McKeever, p. 186)</ref>

==1948==
[[File:LBJ by Shoumatoff.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Lyndon Johnson]]
===1948 Texas Senate===
In 1948, [[Lyndon Johnson]], an obscure congressman opposed to [[President Harry Truman]]’s civil rights program and was a supporter of what he called “the anti-Communist Taft- Hartley labor bill,” was running for the Democratic Senate nomination in [[Texas]]. In those days obtaining the Democratic nomination was tantamount to winning the general election.

Johnson ran against the [[Dixiecrat]] governor [[Coke Stevenson]] and several others. When the returns were in, the popular Stevenson had 71,000 more votes than Johnson but he lacked a majority in the crowded field. This necessitated a runoff. In the runoff Johnson again trailed Stevenson.

[[George Parr]], the Democratic boss of Duval County, Texas ruled three counties in southeast Texas — Duval, Jim Wells, and Zapata. This oil-rich brush country was an area inhabited largely by Mexican-Americans. Parr paid their poll taxes, got them jobs, was generous with gifts to their sick and needy, and used them to vote. Parr collected payoffs from construction companies, brothels, moonshine and gambling businesses. In 1936, he went to prison for income tax evasion.

Parr only appeared in public surrounded by tough looking goons. It literally was suicide to oppose him. ''The New York Times'' reported, “Only Federal agents and Texas rangers ever successfully questioned his authority. Others who did took their lives in their hands. At least two men were shot to death by deputy sheriffs loyal to Parr.” Other brutal deaths were associated with him.

Parr favored Johnson in the 1948 runoff. Days after the polls had closed, a “correction” of the vote came in from Precinct 13 in the hamlet of Alice in Jim Wells County on the Mexican border. The “correction” gave Johnson 202 votes which local election officials claimed they had somehow previously overlooked. But it was enough to give Johnson the Democratic nomination by eighty-seven votes.

Coke Stevenson told reporters “I was beaten by a stuffed ballot box. And I can prove it.”

Parr laughed and called Stevenson a poor loser. “In previous elections the district has gone for Stevenson with as much enthusiasm as it has gone against him in this year’s Senate election. I never heard a complaint from him then about the bloc vote in Duval County,” Parr noted.
Charging fraud, the governor appealed to the federal court for redress. His lawyers produced evidence clearly demonstrating that “voters” from the graveyard and from across the border in Mexico had been recorded for Johnson. The lawyers also produced a couple of courageous Chicanos who testified that Parr had voted their names without their knowledge.

After hearing all the arguments. Judge T. Whitfield Davidson was moved to comment: “There has not one word of evidence been submitted [sic] to disprove this plaintiff’s claim he has been robbed of a seat in the [[United States Senate]].”

At the same time Davidson issued an injunction denying Johnson a place on the ballot.

As a result there was great consternation among leading Democrats in Washington. Not that the liberals or even Truman particularly loved Johnson. If anyone followed a Southern line, it was he. But they preferred Johnson to his outspoken Dixiecrat opponent. Which is precisely what Truman told Johnson when the President barnstormed through Texas late in September 1948.

Meanwhile Washington lawyer [[Abe Fortas]] took charge of the legal maneuvers to save Johnson’s “election.” In this he was assisted by none other than Joe Rauh, an ultra-liberal then most active in the affairs of [[Americans for Democratic Action]].

One day after Judge Davidson reopened his hearing in [[Fort Worth]], Fortas went to see Associate Justice [[Hugo Black]], a [[Ku Klux Klan]]sman-turned-civil libertarian. They spent considerable time discussing Johnson’s election problem.

On September 28, 1948, Black issued an order staying the Davidson injunction. This meant that Johnson’s name could appear on the November ballot. Black’s order declared that the federal courts lacked jurisdiction over state elections. In effect Black had ruled that Johnson would be the next senator from Texas.

Adjourning his court, an angered Judge Davidson denounced the Black order as “unduly hasty and probably unlawful” — which it was. The judge noted, for example, that the Stevenson-Johnson controversy had involved a federal office. Then he pointed out that only four years previously, Justice Black had voted exactly the opposite when the High Court ruled that federal courts could indeed interfere to see that African Americans were not barred from voting in Texas primaries.

The Democrat Senate voted to look into the contested primary. But Senate investigators soon discovered that most of the ballots in Duval, Jim Wells, and Zapata counties had been destroyed. According to George Parr, some illiterate Mexican janitors must have thought they were trash ready to be burned. The Senate probe was over before it began.

Meanwhile Truman was barnstorming Texas in what appeared to be a forlorn pursuit of the presidency. When his train stopped at San Antonio, Parr got aboard to spend a half-hour with the President. Immediately there was speculation that Parr would get a presidential pardon for an old income tax conviction.

Truman, of course, was no stranger to stuffed ballots. In fact he could never have become President if he had not scraped victory out of the 1934 Senate primary in [[Missouri]] with the help of 50,000 fraudulent votes from Tom Pendergast’s [[Kansas City]] machine. And years later when Boss Pendergast died, Truman flew to the funeral.

So pleased was Truman with Parr’s work, shortly after his election, he rewarded Parr with a pardon. And when Parr again was found guilty of income tax evasion, Abe Fortas argued the case all the way to the [[Supreme Court]] and got Parr off on a technical ruling.

Years later a grateful President Lyndon Johnson nominated Abe Fortas as a justice on the Supreme Court.

So exhilarated was Lyndon Johnson on reaching the political mountaintop in 1948 that, according to one biographer, he told this story about his first Senate victory:
{{quotebox-float|Little Manuel was sitting on a curbstone, crying bitter tears. Another Mexican, happening along, asked, “What’s the trouble with you, Manuel?”
“My father was here last Saturday and he did not come to see me.”
“But, Manuel, your father has been dead ten years.”
“That’s true,” Manuel sobbed. “But he was here last Saturday and he voted for Lyndon Johnson, but he did not even come to see me.”<ref>https://archive.org/details/LaskyVictorItDidntStartWithWatergate/page/n133/mode/2up?q=county</ref>}}

[[File:Josiah W. Bailey.jpg|thumb|right|180px|The 1930 election involving Bailey (pictured above) and Pritchard was marred with allegations of fraud.]]
==1930==
===1930 Senate election in North Carolina===
In the 1930 U.S. Senate election in [[North Carolina]], [[Josiah Bailey]] defeated incumbent Democrat insurrectionist Furnifold Simmons in the primaries and, in the general election facing Republican George Pritchard, purportedly won by over 100,000 votes.<ref name="1930 NC Sen">[https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/contested_elections/115Pirchard_Bailey.htm The Election Case of George M. Pritchard v. Josiah W. Bailey of North Carolina (1933)]. ''senate.gov''. Retrieved February 16, 2021.</ref> Pritchard filed a petition on March 3, 1931 to oppose the "official" results, charging that election fraud had given Bailey an unfair advantage. He specifically claimed that every one of the 1,800 voter registrars were tied to the Democratic Party to provide an unfair advantage for Bailey, that Democrat poll judges forced Republican poll watchers to stand from distances too far to observe ballot boxes, that intimidation of voters was present as well as the tampering of ballots.

The U.S. Senate authorized the Privileges and Elections Committee to investigate the election;<ref name="1930 NC Sen"/> Bailey sent a request to dismiss the charges on the basis that he would have been the winner even if there was to be a recount. A subcommittee ultimately ruled the charges against Bailey were too vague and did not warrant the need for either a recount nor a full investigation, and the contest was dismissed by the Senate without a vote. Bailey was subsequently awarded $1,500 for legal expenses, and $4,000 for Pritchard.

==1912==
===Woodrow Wilson===
Thomas J. Farnan observed in ''The National Pulse'':
{{quotebox-float|"the revitalized Democratic Party elected the despicable racist, [[Woodrow Wilson]] – who is still immortalized in Washington D.C. – as president. This victory was secured by suppressing black Republican votes in [[the South]] with literacy tests and the like, while Northern Republicans split their vote between [[Theodore Roosevelt]] and [[William Howard Taft]]. The stolen presidency of Woodrow Wilson had succeeded by 1914 in re-segregating even federal offices. President Wilson would make the pro-[[Ku Klux Klan]] film, ''The Birth of a Nation'', the first White House movie screening, after which he would remark, “It’s like writing history with lightning. My only regret is that it is all so terribly true.”<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/analysis/the-increasingly-secret-history-of-the-racist-democrats-and-how-senile-boomer-biden-heralds-the-end/</ref>}}

==1890==
:{{See also|Jim Crow}}
Beginning in the 1890s, southern states enacted literacy tests, poll taxes, elaborate registration systems, and eventually whites-only Democratic Party primaries to exclude black voters. The laws proved very effective. In Mississippi, fewer than 9,000 of the 147,000 voting-age African Americans were registered after 1890. In Louisiana, where more than 130,000 black voters had been registered in 1896, the number had plummeted to 1,342 by 1904. Poll taxes required citizens to pay a fee to register to vote. These fees kept many poor African Americans, as well as poor whites, from voting.<ref>https://americanhistory.si.edu/brown/history/1-segregated/white-only-1.html</ref>

==1874==
===White League===
{{See also|Stephen B. Packard}}
[[File:Colfax massacre.jpg|right|350px|thumb|This 1873 drawing depicts the aftermath of the Colfax Massacre of April 13, 1873, which left two white men and at least 70 black men dead.<ref>https://billofrightsinstitute.org/essays/the-ku-klux-klan-and-violence-at-the-polls</ref>]]
On election day, November 3, 1874, an [[Alabama]] chapter of the White League repeated actions taken earlier that year in Vicksburg, [[Mississippi]]. They invaded Eufaula AL, killing at least seven black Republicans, injuring at least 70 more, and driving off more than 1,000 unarmed Republicans from the polls.<ref>Mary Ellen Curtin, ''Black Prisoners and Their World, Alabama, 1865-1900,'' University Press of Virginia, 2000, p. 55</ref> The group moved on to Spring Hill AL, where members stormed the polling place, destroying the ballot box, and killing the 16-year-old son of a white Republican judge in their shooting.<ref>Curtin (2000), ''Black Prisoners'', pp. 55-56.</ref>

The White League refused to count any Republican votes cast. But, Republican voters reflected the black majority in the county, as well as white supporters. They outnumbered Democratic voters by a margin greater than two to one. The League declared the Democratic candidates victorious, forced Republican politicians out of office, and seized every county office in Barbour County, Alabama.<ref name="Curtin 2000 p. 56">Curtin (2000), ''Black Prisoners'', p. 56</ref> Such actions were repeated in other parts of the South in the 1870s, as Democrats sought to regain political dominance in states with black majorities and numerous Republican officials. In Barbour County, the Democrats auctioned off as "slaves" (for a maximum cost of $2 per month), or otherwise silenced all Republican witnesses to the events. They were intimidated from testifying to the coup if the case went to federal court.<ref name="Curtin 2000 p. 56"/>

The Coushatta massacre of 1874 was the result of an attack by the White League, a [[paramilitary]] organization composed of Democrats, on Republican officeholders and African Americans in Red River Parish, [[Louisiana]]. They murdered six white Republicans and 20 Blacks who were witnesses.<ref>[http://www.neh.gov/news/humanities/2004-01/reconstruction.html Danielle Alexander, "Forty Acres and a Mule: The Ruined Hope of Reconstruction", ''Humanities'', January/February 2004, Vol.25/No.1. Her article says 20 freedmen were killed.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916095443/http://neh.gov/news/humanities/2004-01/reconstruction.html |date=2008-09-16 }}</ref><ref>Nicholas Lemann, ''Redemption: The Last Battle of the Civil War'', New York, [[Farrar, Straus & Giroux]], 2006, p.76-77. His book says five freedmen were killed.</ref>

The White League had organized to restore [[white supremacy]] by driving Republicans out of Louisiana, disrupting their political organizing, and intimidating or murdering [[freedmen]].<ref>Eric Foner, ''Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877'', New York: Perennial Classics, 2002, p.550</ref> Like the Red Shirts and other "White Line" organizations, they were described as "the military arm of the [[Democratic Party]]."

===Louisiana gubernatorial===
Democrat John McEnery and Republican William Pitt Kellogg both claimed victory. Five thousand members of the White League, made up largely of Confederate veterans, fought against the New Orleans Metropolitan Police and state militia. The insurgents held the statehouse, armory, and downtown for three days, retreating before the elected government was restored.

==See also==
*[[Battle of Athens (1946)]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Election Fraud}}
[[Category:Democratic Party]]
[[Category:Corruption]]

Democrat election fraud

2023-04-05T22:18:49Z

Aidanram0:

{{See also|2020 election fraud}}
[[File:Stalin-140508 27880t.jpg|right|200px|thumb|"It is enough that the people know there was an election. The people who cast the votes decide nothing. The people who count the votes decide everything." - [[Joseph Stalin]]<ref>https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/joseph_stalin_109571</ref>]]
With the rise of the [[Ku Klux Klan]] after passage of the [[13th Amendment|13th]] and [[14th Amendment]]s granting voting right to [[African American]]'s, [[Democrat]]s felt it was their sacred duty to rig elections and engage in all manner of [[voter fraud]],<ref>https://theredelephants.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/try.mp4?_=2</ref> ballot box stuffing, and [[voter suppression]].<ref>https://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/campaign/126295-democrat-part-still-disenfranchising-a-oppressing-votes?rl=1</ref> Indeed, respect for the principle of one-person-one-vote versus a belief that one is entitled to steal elections, remains a defining difference between [[Republican]]s and Democrats.

The following are instances of [[election fraud]] by the [[Democratic Party|Democrat Party]]:
[[File:No-negro-equality-l.jpg|right|300px|thumb|'''No Negro Equality!''' Democratic ticket from Ohio in 1867. [[Allen G. Thurman]] later ran as Democrat [[Grover Cleveland]] running mate.<ref>https://www.jewishpress.com/blogs/sultan-knish/the-racist-origins-of-president-trumps-impeachment/2021/02/22/</ref> Cleveland passed the [[United States Civil Service Commission|Civil Service Act]] which ended the spoils system and returned Democrats to power after their Civil War defeat.]]
==2022==
{{See also|2022 Midterm elections}}
In the state of Arizona, ballots that were printed too lightly to be read, particularly in Maricopa County, were counted as votes for Katie Hobbs, disenfranchising voters. One lawsuit by Kari Lake is still being considered by its Supreme Court.
==2020==
[[File:Trump margin of victory before CCP cyber attack and vote switching.PNG|right|350px|thumb|Trump margin of victory (bottomline) in selected battleground states before Chinese vote switching cyber attack.]]
:{{See also|2020 Presidential election|Biden Putsch|Deep Rig|2020 Election fraud timeline}}
As of November 2020 [[Peter Neffenger]] was chairman of the [[corrupt]] [[voter fraud|ballot-stuffing]] and [[election fraud|election-rigging]] [[SmartMatic]] corporation.<ref>https://www.smartmatic.com/us/about/board-of-directors/detail/peter-neffenger/</ref> Neffenger was appointed to Biden's [[junta]] organization team.<ref>https://www.air.tv/watch?v=ir00pXx9QsKbvSdjsCy3nQ</ref>

Dr. Navid Keshavarz-Nia, with 35 years experience performing technical assessment, mathematical modeling, cyber-attack pattern analysis, and
security [[counterintelligence]] linked to foreign intelligence service operators, including [[China]], [[Iran]], [[North Korea]], and [[Russia]] and who has worked as a consultant and subject-matter expert supporting the [[Department of Defense]], [[FBI]] and US [[Intelligence Community]] (USIC) agencies such as the [[DIA]], [[CIA]], [[NSA]], NGA [National Geospatial Agency], and the [[DHS]] I&A [Office of Intelligence and Analysis] supporting counterintelligence, and [[law enforcement]] investigations and whom the ''[[New York Times]]'' describes as the "always the smartest person in the room,<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/09/opinion/sunday/garrison-courtney-spies-contracts.html</ref> testified under oath about Smartmatic and its role in the [[2020 Presidential election]]:
[[File:Electoral Map 11-10-20.png|right|350px|thumb|Electoral Map as of November 10, 2020. Biden 227, Trump 231, 80 uncounted.<ref>https://www.forexlive.com/news/!/decision-desk-trump-won-the-state-of-north-carolina-20201110</ref>]]
{{quotebox-float|"In my expert opinion, the DVS [ [[Dominion Voting Systems]] ] Democracy Suite, [[Scytl]]/SOE Software/eClarity and Smartmatic have not produced auditable results in the 2020 election. It is evident that ballots were not properly validated, system records were not kept, and the system experience considerable instability even several days prior to November 4, 2020 that require DVS to implement software changes at the last minute. In addition, the disparity in data distribution after 4:30 AM on November 4, 2020 indicates significant systemic anomalies that were widespread among all battleground states. The evidence is both extensive and persuasive and indicates large-scale [[fraud]] by remote operators.

"I conclude that a combination of lost cryptographic key contained on stolen USB memory cards, serious exploitable system and [[software]] vulnerabilities and operating system backdoor in DVS, Scytl, SOE Software/eClarity and Smartmatic created the perfect environment to commit widespread fraud in all states where these systems are installed. My analysis of the 2020 Election from ''NY Times'' data shows statistical anomalies across the battleground state votes. These failures are widespread and systemic - and sufficient to invalidate the [[vote]] counts.

"I conclude with high confidence that the election 2020 data were altered in all [[swing states|battleground states]] resulting in a hundreds of thousands of votes that were cast for [[President Trump]] to be transferred to [[Vice President Biden]]. These alterations were the result of systemic and widespread exploitable vulnerabilities in DVS, Scytl/SOE Software and Smartmatic systems that enabled operators to achieve
the desired results. In my view, the evidence is overwhelming and incontrovertible."<ref>https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.mied.350905/gov.uscourts.mied.350905.1.19.pdf</ref>}}
Following election night, counting stopped in five states (or parts of states): Georgia, Michigan, Nevada, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin; all but one with a Democrat governor, and all of which were close or showing a Trump lead. Concerns were raised by conservatives that counting had stopped in urban centers [[Philadelphia]], [[Detroit]], [[Milwaukee]], [[Las Vegas]], [[Atlanta]] and others in order to give the cities time to create sufficient fraudulent votes for Biden in order to win the cities' respective states.<ref name="theredelephants.com">https://theredelephants.com/there-is-undeniable-mathematical-evidence-the-election-is-being-stolen/</ref> [[Facebook]] shut down the #StopTheSteal hashtag group to illegally cover for the fraudsters and stop the whistleblowers from exposing the fraud.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/breaking-facebook-bans-pro-trump-stop-steal-page-gained-350000-followers-since-announced-wednesday/</ref><ref>https://www.defenseone.com/threats/2020/11/misinformation-2020-what-data-tells-us-about-election-related-falsehoods/169820/</ref> The [[GOP]] lost zero races for the [[U.S. House]] and won 8 of 11 governors races.
[[File:Dominion logo.png|right|350px|thumb|Dominion Voting Systems logo: Red ballots in, Blue ballots out.]]
One method to track fraudulent votes is to look closely at how many of the votes did little or no down-ticket voting. When manufacturing votes, it is too time consuming to vote for other officeholders. Statistical analysis showed wild numbers of people who voted only for Joe Biden and didn’t vote further down the ticket:<ref name="twitter.com">https://twitter.com/RaheemKassam/status/1325193658170134531</ref>
*Pennsylvania — 98,000
*Georgia — 80-90,000
*Arizona — 42,000
*Michigan — 69-115,000
*Wisconsin — 62,836
A standard [[voter fraud]] method, [[Benford's Law]], flags these votes as suspect.<ref name="thenationalpulse.com">https://thenationalpulse.com/politics/pennsylvania-vote-anomalies/</ref>

===Scytl===
[[File:Klain rigged elections.jpg|right|350px|thumb|Biden [[chief of staff]] [[Ron Klain]] publicly agrees that elections are rigged.<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2020/11/11/joe-biden-chief-of-staff-ron-klain-2014-yes-american-elections-are-rigged/</ref><ref>https://thefederalist.com/2020/11/12/bidens-pick-for-chief-of-staff-agrees-that-elections-are-rigged/</ref>]]
Days after it was revealed how 2020 US Elections were rigged by Canadian Crown Agent Dominion Voting Systems through a so-called “glitch”, GreatGameIndia found involvement of another dubious foreign company in US Election meddling. The votes cast by Americans were counted by a in [[Spain]] by a [[bankrupt]]ed Spanish company known as [[Scytl]]. Like Dominion Voting Systems, Scytl has a long history of election fraud in various nations including injecting backdoors in its election software. The issue has prompted experts to question why the sensitive job of counting votes was outsourced to a foreign company. How could a bankrupted Spanish company count American votes in Spain.

According to Gen. [[Tom McInerney]], servers were seized in [[Frankfurt, Germany]], where [[fraud]]ulent votes were being cooked up for [[Joe Biden]] during and after the [[2020 presidential election]]. The covert facility where these servers were being housed is run by the [[CIA]], and it is where elections all over the world are monitored and “cooked” to produce predetermined outcomes.<ref>https://nationalfile.com/the-kraken-retired-general-says-us-military-intel-group-nicknamed-kraken-seized-dominion-servers-in-germany/</ref>

Due to such widespread fraud, the Chairman of the US [[Federal Election Commission]] Trey Trainor believes that the 2020 US Presidential Elections is illegitimate.<ref>https://greatgameindia.com/us-election-bankrupted-spanish-scytl/</ref>

===''Texas v. Pennsylvania et al''===
:{{See also|Texas v. Pennsylvania}}
During the 2020 election cycle, changes to the election process in Pennsylvania were made by judges, state office holders and election officials which would never have been made by its state legislature.<ref>https://www.westernjournal.com/twj-exclusive-bombshell-new-legal-memo-giving-trump-supporters-hope-christmas-eve/</ref>

The complaint filed by the State of Texas alleged:<ref>https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/22/22O155/163048/20201208132827887_TX-v-State-ExpedMot%202020-12-07%20FINAL.pdf</ref>
voting irregularities that resulted from Defendant States’ unconstitutional actions include the following:
*Jesse Jacob, a decades-long City of Detroit employee assigned to work in the Elections Department for the 2020 election testified that she was “instructed not to look at any of the signatures on the absentee ballots, and I was instructed not to compare the signature on the absentee ballot with the signature on file” in direct contravention of MCL § 168.765a(6), which requires all signatures on ballots be verified.

*Ethan J. Pease,<ref>https://youtu.be/V9KXAdwjscI</ref> a box truck delivery driver subcontracted to the [[U.S. Postal Service]] (“USPS”) to deliver truckloads of mail-in ballots to the sorting center in Madison, WI, testified that USPS employees were backdating ballots received after November 3, 2020. Further, Pease testified how a senior USPA employee told him on November 4, 2020 that “An order came down from the Wisconsin/Illinois Chapter of the Postal Service that 100,000 ballots” and how the USPSA dispatched employees to “find[] … the ballots.” One hundred thousand ballots “found” after election day far exceeds former Vice President Biden margin of 20,565 votes over President Trump.

*On August 7, 2020, the League of Women Voters of Pennsylvania and others filed a complaint against Secretary Boockvar and other local election officials, seeking “a declaratory judgment that Pennsylvania existing signature verification procedures for mail-in voting” were unlawful for a number of reasons, ''League of Women Voters of Pennsylvania v. Boockvar'', which the Pennsylvania defendants quickly settled resulting in guidance issued on September 11, 2020, stating in relevant part: “The Pennsylvania Election Code does not authorize the county board of elections to set aside returned absentee or mailin ballots based solely on signature analysis by the county board of elections.”

*Acting under a generally worded clause that “Elections shall be free and equal,” a 4-3 majority of Pennsylvania’s Supreme Court in ''Pa. Democratic Party v. Boockvar'' extended the statutory deadline for mail-in ballots from Election Day to three days after Election Day and adopted a presumption that even non-postmarked ballots were presumptively timely. In addition, a great number of ballots were received after the statutory deadline. Because Pennsylvania misled this Court about segregating the late-arriving ballots and instead commingled those ballots, it is now impossible to verify Pennsylvania’s claim about the number of ballots affected.

*Contrary to Pennsylvania election law on providing poll-watchers access to the opening, counting, and recording of absentee ballots, local election officials in Philadelphia and Allegheny Counties decided not to follow 25 PA. STAT. § 3146.8(b).

*Prior to the election, Secretary Boockvar sent an email to local election officials urging them to provide opportunities for various persons—including political parties—to contact voters to “cure” defective mail-in ballots. This process clearly violated several provisions of the state election code. By removing the ballots for examination prior to seven o’clock a.m. on election day, Secretary Boockvar created a system whereby local officials could review ballots without the proper announcements, observation, and security. This entire scheme, which was only followed in Democrat majority counties, was blatantly illegal in that it permitted the illegal removal of ballots from their locked containers prematurely.

*On December 4, 2020, fifteen members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives issued a report to Congressman [[Scott Perry]] stating that “[t]he general election of 2020 in Pennsylvania was fraught with… documented irregularities and improprieties associated with mail-in balloting … [and] that the reliability of the mail-in votes in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is impossible to rely upon.” The report detailed, ''inter alia'', that more than 118,426 mail-in votes either had no mail date, were returned before they were mailed, or returned one day after the mail date. The Report also stated that, based on government reported data, the number of mail-in ballots sent by November 2, 2020 (2.7 million) somehow ballooned by 400,000, to 3.1 million on November 4, 2020, without explanation.

*On March 6, 2020, in ''Democratic Party of Georgia v. Raffensperger'', Georgia’s Secretary of State entered a Compromise Settlement Agreement and Release with the Democratic Party of Georgia (the “Settlement”) to materially change the statutory requirements for reviewing signatures on absentee ballot envelopes to confirm the voter’s identity by making it far more difficult to challenge defective signatures beyond the express mandatory procedures set forth at GA. CODE § 21-2-386(a)(1)(B), which is particularly disturbing because the legislature allowed persons other than the voter to apply for an absentee ballot, which means that the legislature likely was relying heavily on the signature-verification on ballots under GA. CODE § 21-2-386.

*Numerous poll challengers and an Election Department employee whistleblower have testified that the signature verification requirement was ignored in Wayne County in a case currently pending in the Michigan Supreme Court.

*The probability of former Vice President Biden winning the popular vote in the four Defendant States—Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin—independently given President Trump’s early lead in those States as of 3 a.m. on November 4, 2020, is less than one in a quadrillion, or 1 in 1,000,000,000,000,000. For former Vice President Biden to win these four States collectively, the odds of that event happening decrease to less than one in a quadrillion to the fourth power (i.e., 1 in 1,000,000,000,000,0004). See Decl. of Charles J. Cicchetti, Ph.D.

*The same less than one in a quadrillion statistical improbability of Mr. Biden winning the popular vote in the four Defendant States—Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin—independently exists when Mr. Biden’s performance in each of those Defendant States is compared to former Secretary of State Hilary Clinton’s performance in the 2016 general election and President Trump’s performance in the 2016 and 2020 general elections. Again, the statistical improbability of Mr. Biden winning the popular vote in these four States collectively is 1 in 1,000,000,000,000,0005.

*Georgia’s unconstitutional abrogation of the express mandatory procedures for challenging defective signatures on ballots set forth at GA. CODE § 21-2-386(a)(1)(B) resulted in far more ballots with unmatching signatures being counted in the 2020 election than if the statute had been properly applied. The 2016 rejection rate was more than seventeen times greater than in 2020. As a consequence, applying the rejection rate in 2016, which applied the mandatory procedures, to the ballots received in 2020 would result in a net gain for President Trump of 25,587 votes. This would be more than needed to overcome the Biden advantage of 12,670 votes, and Trump would win by 12,917 votes.

*The two Republican members of the Board rescinded their votes to certify the vote in Wayne County, and signed affidavits alleging they were bullied and misled into approving election results and do not believe the votes should be certified until serious irregularities in Detroit votes are resolved.

*The Wayne County Statement of Votes Report lists 174,384 absentee ballots out of 566,694 absentee ballots tabulated (about 30.8%) as counted without a registration number for precincts in the City of Detroit. The number of votes not tied to a registered voter by itself exceeds Vice President Biden’s margin of margin of 146,007 votes by more than 28,377 votes. The extra ballots cast most likely resulted from the phenomenon of Wayne County election workers running the same ballots through a tabulator multiple times, with Republican poll watchers obstructed or denied access, and election officials ignoring poll watchers’ challenges, as documented by numerous declarations.

===2020 Pennsylvania===
[[File:Pennsylvania-740x740.jpg|right|350px|thumb|Vote switching.]]
:{{See also|Pennsylvania election fraud}}
A non-partisan statistical analysis discovered "the number of Biden votes in ten of the outlier counties was 101%± of registered Democratic voters (vs the majority of other PA counties where it was 70%± — an extraordinary statistical difference). That is not logical or reasonably explainable legally. The most likely explanation is that excess votes were added to the Biden total that did not come from voters.“<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/news/stats-reveal-stuffing-the-tail-scheme-similar-to-sub-prime-scheme/</ref>

====PA illegal instructions from the Secretary of Commonwealth====
[[Democrat]] operative [[Kathy Boockvar]], who simultaneously was serving as Pennsylvania Secretary of Commonwealth in charge of elections, told the [[United States Supreme Court]] on October 28, 2020 that ballots received after 8 p.m. on November 3, 2020 would be segregated, but she changed the rules on November 1 and directed counties to canvass those ballots as soon as possible upon receipt. In some counties, it is not possible to both segregate and canvass ballots as directed. This directive leaves open the possibility that timely votes will be commingled with votes received after 8 p.m. on Election Day, despite the fact that these votes remain the subject of litigation before the United States Supreme Court.

The Department changed the rules again on November 2, 2020 when they provided last-second guidance directing counties to provide information to help voters whose mail-in or absentee ballots were incorrectly completed so those voters could vote on a provisional ballot. The late release of this “guidance” resulted in inconsistent application across the counties – some of whom contacted voters as directed and some who did not. There is no basis for this guidance in current law. The Secretary created this new process out of thin air.

At 8:38 p.m. on Monday, November 2 – less than 12 hours before the polls were to open – the Department issued an email to counties directing them to provide information to political party and candidate representatives regarding mail-in and absentee ballots which had been set aside because they failed to comply with the requirements of the Election Code in order to be counted, so that voters could come in and vote provisionally at the polls. The late release of this “guidance” resulted in inconsistent application across the counties, some of whom contacted voters as directed and some who did not; such differential treatment is wholly inappropriate and a direct result of Boockvar’s scattershot approach to [[Pennsylvania]]’s elections.<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2020/11/04/pennsylvania-republican-senators-call-on-pa-secretary-of-state-to-resign/</ref><ref>https://www.bitchute.com/video/xUWA4CqzQ6pN/</ref>

====PA Facebook illegal funding====
Urban counties such as Allegheny (Pittsburgh), Philadelphia, and Delaware County received over $10 million in private grants that imposed strict conditions on the conduct of elections without legislative approval, violating state laws prohibiting the use of private money to pay for
federal elections.

Documents obtained through court order revealed communication between the City of Philadelphia and the [[Center for Technology and Civic Life]] (CTCL) emphasizing that CTCL paid election judges in Philadelphia and other election officials. [[CTCL]] mandated Philadelphia to increase its polling locations and to use drop boxes and eventually mobile pick-up units. Moreover, Facebook CEO [[Mark Zuckerberg]] monies allowed Philadelphia to “cure” absentee ballots in a manner not provided for in Republican areas of the state.

In Democrat Delaware County, Pennsylvania, one drop box was placed every four square miles and for every 4,000 voters. In the 59 counties carried by Trump in 2016, there was one drop box for every 1,100 square miles and every 72,000 voters. Government using public or private funding to facilitate a targeted demographic to turn out the vote while targeting another demographic to suppress the vote is an [[equal rights]] violation of the l4th Amendment. This two-tiered election system allowed voters in Democrat strongholds to stroll down the street to vote while voters in Republican strongholds were ignored and left in the dark.

====PA ballot dump====

Trump led by almost 800,000 votes on election night after most Americans headed to bed. Over the course of the next 72 hours, President Trump’s lead shrunk to less than a 95,000 vote lead in the keystone state, and then Joe Biden took the lead. Batches of votes started flowing into the final tally, mostly in favor of Joe Biden. [[Five Thirty Eight]] reported that “Two more batches of Pennsylvania vote were reported: 23,277 votes in Philadelphia, all for Biden."

====PA 682,770 estimated ballots processed with no observers====
[[File:Montgomery County vote.png|right|350px|thumb|Biden, who beat Barack Obama’s popular vote record, received several tens of thousands of more votes than registered Democrats in the above counties. The Biden votes are unusually in excess of ~244,000.<ref>file:///C:/Users/Owner/Downloads/483437334-PA-Voter-Analysis-Young.pdf</ref>]]
The Pennsylvania Appeals Court issued an order that said
{{quotebox-float|“effective immediately … all candidates, watchers, or candidate representatives [shall] be permitted to be present for the canvassing process … and be permitted to observe all aspects of the canvassing process within 6 feet, while adhering to all COVID-19 protocols, including, wearing masks and maintaining social distancing.”<ref>https://twitter.com/ZoeTillman/status/1324376367916605447</ref>}}
[[Philadelphia]] Democrat election officials refused to comply with the order,<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2020/11/03/the-steal-is-on-in-pennsylvania-poll-watchers-denied-access-illegal-campaigning-at-polling-locations/</ref><ref>https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/gop-poll-watchers-are-denied-access-in-philadelphia</ref> and the Democrat [[Sheriff]], a Biden supporter, refused to enforce the Appeals Court order.<ref>https://nationalfile.com/what-are-you-hiding-trump-campaign-says-philly-sheriff-wont-enforce-order-allowing-gop-observers/</ref>

The Trump campaign then filed a lawsuit in [[federal]] district court claiming that the Board of Elections is “nonetheless continuing to count ballots, without any observations by any representatives or poll watchers of President Trump and the Republican Party.”<ref>https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/7325351/11-5-20-Trump-Campaign-v-Philadelphia-Board-of.pdf</ref> The lawsuit claims that Trump campaign observers were denied access altogether in some instances in Philadelphia County. The county’s elections board did not permit the Trump campaign’s observers to be within 6 feet of “all aspects” of the pre-canvassing process in violation of Commonwealth Court Judge Christine Fizzano Cannon’s November 5, 2020, order requiring that poll-watchers “be permitted to observe all aspects of the canvassing process within 6 feet.” The lawsuit states,
[[File:PA mail-in fraud.jpeg|right|350px|thumb|Pennsylvania mailed out 1.8 Million mail-in ballots, buy got back 2.5 million.<ref>https://youtu.be/2AYSs77k2tY</ref>]]
{{quotebox-float|“It is estimated that 680,770 ballots were processed by the Allegheny and Philadelphia County Boards of Elections when no observation was allowed.”}}
115% of Pennsylvania registered Democrats voted for Biden. Biden received 1.24 to 1.43 times greater than either [[Hillary Clinton]] or [[Barack Obama]] in predominant Republican counties.<ref name="twitter.com"/>

====PA violations of equal protection====
Pennsylvania election officials took unlawful steps to pre-canvass mail-in ballots and help voters “cure” flawed ballots that had missing or incorrect information or otherwise failed to meet legal criteria designed to prevent fraud.

Secretary of State Kathleen Boockvar exceeded her authority by issuing guidance granting permission for counties to engage in these unlawful practices. She issued this guidance less than 24 hours before polls closed — insufficient time for counties that had not engaged in those practices to take advantage of them, even if the guidance were legitimate.

These practices resulted in well over 100,000 potentially fraudulent ballots, according to analysis by data experts.<ref>Metcalfe, Daryl D, et al. v. Wolf, Bookvar, et al, Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania Complaint Filing WCMWHB00816378.</ref>

====PA no down ballot voting====
Another way to track fraudulent votes is to look closely at how many of the votes did little or no down-ticket voting. When manufacturing votes, it is too time consuming to vote for other officeholders.<ref name="thenationalpulse.com"/>

====PA dead people voting====
A lawsuit filed by the Public Interest Legal Foundation (PILF) alleges that there are at least 21,000 dead people on Pennsylvania’s voter rolls.<ref>https://andmagazine.com/talk/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Reduced_WA-PA-Deceased-Voters-1.pdf</ref> The lawsuit claims that Pennsylvania failed to “reasonably maintain” their voter registration records under federal and state law in time for the 2020 presidential election. The lawsuit states:
{{quotebox-float|“As of October 7, 2020, at least 9,212 registrants have been dead for at least five years, at least 1,990 registrants have been dead for at least ten years, and at least 197 registrants have been dead for at least twenty years."<ref name="theredelephants.com">https://theredelephants.com/there-is-undeniable-mathematical-evidence-the-election-is-being-stolen/</ref>}}
[[File:Penn-stolen-switched--360x188.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Millions of viewers witnessed in real time on [[CNN]] nearly 20,000 votes switched from Trump to Biden in a matter of seconds.]]
According to the lawsuit, about 92 percent of the 21,000 dead people on Pennsylvania’s voter rolls died sometime before October 2019. About 216 dead people show voting credits after federally listed dates of death in 2016 and 2018, the lawsuit alleges.

Republican candidates and officials also filed a lawsuit challenging Montgomery county officials’ decision to notify voters whose ballots are defective and giving them a chance to “cure” the defects—something not authorized under state law.failing to maintain accurate voter rolls and remove individuals who have died, moved out of state, or otherwise become ineligible to vote.<ref>https://www.heritage.org/crime-and-justice/commentary/what-know-about-litigation-being-waged-across-us-preserve-trump</ref>

====PA Dominion Election Systems====
Russell Ramsland of Allied Security Systems confirms that data breaches in the Dominion software permitted rogue actors to penetrate and manipulate the [[software]] during the recent general election. He further concludes that at least 96,600 mail-in ballots were illegally counted as they were not cast by legal voters.

===2020 Michigan===
[[File:2020-11-04.jpg|right|300px|thumb]]
:{{See also|Michigan election fraud}}
In October 2020, [[Judicial Watch]] released a study of Census Bureau population statistics and state voter registration data. The study found 105% more registered voters than people in [[Michigan]].<ref>https://www.judicialwatch.org/press-releases/new-jw-study-voter-registration/</ref>

Recorded ballot counts in 72% of [[Detroit]]'s absentee voting precincts didn't match the number of ballots cast, spurring officials to ask the state to investigate ahead of the [[2020 presidential election]].

Without an explanation from Detroit election workers for the mismatches, the Wayne County Board of Canvassers requested [[Secretary of State]] [[Jocelyn Benson]]'s office to examine the "training and processes" used in Detroit's August 4, 2020 primary, which one official described as a "perfect storm" of challenges. The board is charged with certifying election results.

In 46% of all Detroit's precincts — absentee and Election Day — vote counts were out of balance, according to information presented to the Wayne County Board of Canvassers. Specifically, the number of ballots tracked in precinct poll books did not match the number of ballots counted.

The situation could amplify the spotlight on [[absentee ballot]]s in Michigan ahead of an election for which record levels of mail-in voting are expected and [[President Donald Trump]] raised concerns about how votes will be handled.

The election results for the primary weren't incorrect, said Jonathan Kinloch, a [[Democrat]] and one of the canvassing board's four members. But, he said, something had gone wrong in the process of tracking ballots precinct by precinct.

Having balanced precincts is particularly important in Michigan because precincts whose poll books don’t match with ballots can’t be recounted, according to state law. Instead, the original election results would stand.<ref>https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2020/08/20/benson-asked-investigate-detroit-perfect-storm-voting-problems/5616629002/</ref>

====Sec. of State Jocelyn Benson illegal activities====
Michigan Secretary of State [[Jocelyn Benson]] gave private activist organizations direct access to the state’s voter files, which should only be accessible to election clerks. She also violated a state law requiring signatures for absentee ballot requests by establishing online voter
registration without statutory authority, and unilaterally decided — without legislative approval — to send absentee ballot request forms to every household in the state, without even checking to see whether the registered voters listed for each address had died or moved.

====MI Detroit/Wayne Count election fraud====
In a lawsuit against the Detroit Election Commission following the [[2020 presidential election]], election observers alleged:<ref>https://greatlakesjc.org/wp-content/uploads/Complaint-Costantino-FINAL-With-Exhibits.pdf</ref>
{{quotebox|a.Defendants systematically processed and counted ballots from voters whose name failed to appear in either the Qualified Voter File (QVF) or in the supplemental sheets. When a voter’s name could not be found, the election worker assigned the ballot to a random name already in the QVF to a person who had not voted.

b.Defendants instructed election workers to not verify signatures on absentee ballots, to backdate absentee ballots, and to process such ballots regardless of their validity.

c.After election officials announced the last absentee ballots had been received, another batch of unsecured and unsealed ballots, without envelopes, arrived in trays at the TCF Center. There were tens of thousands of these absentee ballots, and apparently every ballot was counted and attributed only to Democratic candidates.

d.Defendants instructed election workers to process ballots that appeared after the election deadline and to falsely report that those ballots had been received prior to November 3, 2020 deadline.

e.Defendants systematically used false information to process ballots, such as using incorrect or false birthdays. Many times, the election workers inserted new names into the QVF after the election and recorded these new voters as having a birthdate of 1/1/1900.

f.On a daily basis leading up to the election, City of Detroit election workers and 4 Great Lakes Justice Center employees coached voters to vote for Joe Biden and the Democrat party. These workers and employees encouraged voters to do a straight Democrat ballot. These election workers and employees went over to the voting booths with voters in order to watch them vote and coach them for whom to vote.

g.Unsecured ballots arrived at the TCF Center loading garage, not in sealed ballot boxes, without any chain of custody, and without envelopes.

h.Defendant election officials and workers refused to record challenges to their processes and removed challengers from the site if they politely voiced a challenge.

i.After poll challengers started discovering the fraud taking place at the TCF Center, Defendant election officials and workers locked credentialed challengers out of the counting room so they could not observe the process, during which time tens of thousands of ballots were processed.

j.Defendant election officials and workers allowed ballots to be duplicated by hand without allowing poll challengers to check if the duplication was accurate. In fact, election officials and workers repeatedly obstructed poll challengers from observing. Defendants permitted thousands of ballots to be filled out by hand and duplicated on-site without oversight from poll challengers.}}

====Michigan lawsuits====
Excerpts of election oddities from ''[[Michigan#Trump v. Michigan|Trump v. Michigan]]''.<ref>https://cdn.donaldjtrump.com/public-files/press_assets/1.-11-10-20-trump-v.-benson-w.d.-mich.-complaint-final.pdf</ref>

====MI statistical analysis====
Dr. Eric Quinell, Ph.D. analyzed the extraordinary increase in turnout from 2016 to 2020 in a relatively small subset of townships and
precincts outside of Detroit in Wayne County and Oakland County, and more importantly how nearly 100% or more of all “new” voters from 2016 to 2020 voted for Biden. Using publicly available information from Wayne County and Oakland County, Dr. Quinell first found that for the votes received up to the 2016 turnout levels, the 2020 vote Democrat vs. Republican two-ways distributions (i.e., excluding third parties) tracked the 2016 Democrat vs. Republican distribution very closely, which was 55%-45% for Wayne County (outside Detroit) and 54%/46% for Oakland County.

However, after the 2016 turnout levels were reached, the Democrat vs. Republican vote share shifts decisively towards Biden by approximately 15 points, resulting in a 72%/28% D/R split for Oakland County and 70%/30% D/R split for Wayne County (outside of Detroit). What is even more anomalous – and suspicious – is the fact that nearly all of these “new” votes in excess of 2016 come from a small number of townships/precincts where the increased Biden vote share is nearly 100% or over 100% for Biden. For example, in the township of Livonia in Wayne County, Biden gained 3.2 voters for every 1 new Trump voter, and Biden receive 97% of all “new” votes over 2016 and 151% of all new voter registrations. In the township of Troy in Oakland County, the vote share shifted from 51%/49% in 2016 to 80%/20% in 2020 due to Biden receiving 98% of new votes above 2016 and 109% of new voter registrations. Looking county-wide, Biden gained 2.32 new voters over 2016
levels to every 1 new Trump voter in Wayne County (outside Detroit) and 2.54 additional new voters per Trump voter for Oakland County.

Based on these statistically anomalous results that occurred in a handful of townships in these two counties, Dr. Quinell’s model determined that there were 40,771 anomalous votes in Wayne County (outside Detroit) and 46,125 anomalous votes in Oakland County, for a total of nearly 87,000 anomalous votes or approximately 65% of Biden’s purported lead in Michigan.<ref>https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1332169019143704579.html</ref>

The expert witness testimony of Russell James Ramsland, Jr. identified an event that occurred in Michigan on November 4, 2020 that is “physically impossible”. The “event" reflected in the data are “4 spikes totaling 384,733 ballots allegedly processed in a combined
interval of 2 hour[s] and 38 minutes” for four precincts/townships in four Michigan counties (Wayne, Oakland, Macomb ne and Kent). Based on Mr. Ramsland’s analysis of the voting machines available at the referenced locations, he determined that the maximum processing capability during this period was only 94,867 ballots, so that “there were 289,866 more ballots processed in the time available for processing in the four precincts/townships, than there was processing capacity.”<ref>https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.gand.283580/gov.uscourts.gand.283580.7.1_2.pdf</ref> This amount is alone is nearly twice the number of ballots by which Biden purportedly leads President Trump (i.e., approximately 154,180).

====MI ballot dump====
[[File:Early morning ballot dumps Nov. 4, 2020.png|right|300px|thumb|Four highly anomalous ballot dumps highlighted in yellow account for the "win" in Michigan, Wisconsin, and Georgia and represent forty-two electoral votes.<ref>https://votepatternanalysis.substack.com/p/voting-anomalies-2020</ref>]]
Tens of thousands of [[absentee ballot]]s arrived in large [[U.S. Postal Service]] boxes at the TCF Center in Detroit at 3:30am on November 4, 2020, the day after the [[2020 Presidential election]]. The TCF Center, formerly Cobo Hall, is where the absentee ballots are counted for Wayne County, which is the home of Detroit.

Former Michigan state senator Patrick Colbeck wrote that the total number of ballots dumped on the counting board totaled 38,000:<ref>https://vidmax.com/video/199326-poll-watcher-describes-how-a-mysterious-van-with-35k-votes-arrived-at-4am</ref>
{{quotebox-float|"Before the ballots showed up mysteriously at 3:30 am, no ballots had arrived at the TCF Center for over six hours, and many poll workers in the facility sat around with no work to do while getting paid hundreds of dollars by the state of Michigan.}}
According to Michigan election law, all of these mail-in and absentee ballots had to be submitted before 8 PM on Tuesday night in order to be lawfully accepted and counted for the election. This means the city of Detroit potentially sat on these ballots for hours. The white van that arrived had the name of Detroit city clerk Janice Winfrey emblazoned upon it as well as a logo and a phone number.<ref>https://bigleaguepolitics.com/tens-of-thousands-of-ballots-dropped-off-in-usps-boxes-at-detroit-absentee-ballot-processing-center-at-330-am-after-election/</ref>

At 4am, a Ferrari, and a Chrysler van with out of state plates pulled into the Detroit TCF facility (formerly Cobo Hall) with ballots inside the vehicles.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/update-from-detroit-democrat-operatives-are-threatening-gop-poll-watchers-they-are-hiding-the-line-in-back-where-votes-are-counted/</ref> Poll watcher Connie Johnson testified:
{{quotebox-float|“As they started counting the ballots, he was astonished that every single ballot, literally 100 percent of 130,000 ballots, were all Biden ballots that hadn’t been delivered to the precinct before the cut off time. We literally have people that watched it happen. We have poll challengers that have been barred from being able to go into this room to challenge ballots. We’ve had GOP members removed from the room....It’s really heartbreaking that this is what we have stooped to and allowed as a country. It is disgusting what is happening in Detroit. It’s about major fraud on a major scale… that was very well organized."<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/watch-ballot-count-watcher-describes-least-130000-ballots-biden-arriving-three-vehicles-detroit-dead-night/</ref>}}

====MI unsupervised counting====
Michigan election officials failed to provide meaningful observation of the vote counting process, a violation of the Michigan Constitution [Const. 1963, art 2, § 4(1)(h)], as well as state statute [MCL § 168.765a(12)]. The refusal to allow observers to oversee the process resulted in significant abnormalities. In Detroit, for instance, 71% of the city’s 134 Absent Vote Counter Boards (AVCB) were left unbalanced without explanation. As a result of these violations, data experts identified more than 500,000 potentially fraudulent
ballots.<ref>Michigan Supreme Court Case No. 162286.</ref>

Republicans started off Election Day with a few dozen GOP poll watchers. The party called in more workers. The number of GOP poll workers then climbed to several hundred by noon. There was a GOP watcher at nearly each table in the center. After they went to lunch the GoP poll watchers were not allowed back in.<ref>https://twitter.com/kayleighmcenany/status/1324091003947622402</ref><ref>https://www.citizenfreepress.com/breaking/shady-behavior-in-detroit/</ref> Democrat operatives became very hostile and threatening.<ref>https://twitter.com/aricnesbitt/status/1324105401814626304</ref> Vote counters with [[BLM]] masks were allowed into the center.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/breaking-detroit-officials-now-blocking-gop-poll-workers-re-entering-tfc-center-police-called/</ref>

In an October 2020 interview with ABC 7 News, Winfrey set the stage to drag out the process:
{{quotebox-float|“We’re back in control, and we know that we will have nearly 10,000 poll workers that will be working with us to process ballots on election day, or election week is what we’re calling it now, because we know we’re going to be slow.”}}
[[President Donald Trump]] had a sizable lead. Then suddenly [[Joe Biden]] jumped up 200,000 votes.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/voter-fraud-michigan-massive-dump-200000-ballots-biden-sudden-show-overnight/</ref><ref>https://www.citizenfreepress.com/breaking/alert-michigan-county-removes-totals-following-report-of-skewed-results/</ref> The Trump campaign, as well as the U.S. Senate campaign of GOP businessman and Iraq war veteran [[John James]], accused Michigan election officials of chicanery after thousands of ballots appeared in the middle of the night following Election Day. The campaigns also were outraged that GOP election observers were denied access to ballot counting facility in Detroit after poll workers placed large sheets of cardboard over windows, obscuring the public’s view.

====MI no down ballot voting====
Trump received 2,637,173 votes while the GOP senate candidate received 2,630,042 votes. The difference here is only 7,131 which is not far off from what we see historically. In the same state, Joe Biden received 2,787,544 votes while the Democratic senate candidate received 2,718,451. The difference is 69,093 votes which is much higher than the historical norm.

====MI dead people voting====
An observer noticed something curious about some of the names on the ballots. Upon further review, one particular name out of the list, and confirmed to have cast a ballot,<ref>https://theredelephants.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/HxGKud6M7W3Zeg5A.mp4?_=3</ref> happened to be born in 1902 and passed away in 1984. A pollster noticed the list and video, and used [[social security]] death index data confirming the deceased registered voter. Over 14,000 dead people were found who either voted in Wayne County (Detroit) or were registered to vote. Another poll watcher who was later kicked out for taking photographs, noticed a decent sized list of Michigan residents who have also been confirmed to have cast their ballots. All of the names on the list he reviewed show their birthdate in chronological order.<ref name="theredelephants.com">https://theredelephants.com/there-is-undeniable-mathematical-evidence-the-election-is-being-stolen/</ref>

The campaigns also were outraged that GOP election observers were denied access to ballot counting facility in Detroit after poll workers placed large sheets of cardboard over windows, obscuring the public’s view. Michigan Attorney General Dana Nessel asked state residents to stop telling her staff to shove Sharpie markers up their butts after a state judge threw out a lawsuit by the Trump campaign which sought to halt ballot counts. Nessel tweeted:
{{quotebox-float|“Dear members of the public: Please stop making harassing & threatening calls to my staff. They are kind, hardworking public servants just doing their job. Asking them to shove sharpies in uncomfortable places is never appropriate & is a sad commentary on the state of our nation."<ref>https://twitter.com/dananessel/status/1324441365091131394</ref>}}
The Sharpie reference is tied to allegations of poll irregularities contained in an [[Arizona]] lawsuit alleging that ballots marked with the felt-tipped pens were rejected at some voting centers. In one video posted to [[social media]], two women claimed that Sharpie-marked ballots were not being accepted but ballots marked with regular ballpoint pens were at one voting station. “So, they’re invalidating votes is what they’re doing,” a man off-camera taking the video says. “Yes,” one woman, also off-camera, responded. “I used your pen and then I brought it back to you and I said give this to somebody because it works,” a woman on-camera said. “Yes, yes, and so we know that, and we’ve been telling them, ‘You need to use a ballpoint pen, not the Sharpie,’ and now those are getting invalidated,” said the man. On Election Day, Maricopa County officials claimed in a video posted to social media that Sharpies are okay to use when marking ballots despite current state guidance indicating felt-tip markers not be used for ballots.<ref>https://www.bizpacreview.com/2020/11/06/michigan-ag-pleads-with-residents-to-stop-telling-staff-to-shove-sharpies-up-their-rear-ends-993535</ref>

====MI Dominion/Scorecard fraud====
[[File:Antrim County.png|right|350px|thumb|Vote switching in Antrim County, MI.<ref>https://www.9and10news.com/content/uploads/2020/12/Antrim_Michigan_Forensics_Report_121320_v2_REDACTED.pdf</ref>]]
An independent forensic audit of Dominion’s machines concluded:
{{quotebox-float|“The Dominion Voting System is intentionally and purposefully designed with inherent errors to create systemic fraud and influence election results. ...The intentional errors lead to bulk adjudication of ballots with no oversight, transparency, and no audit trail. This leads to voter or election fraud. Based on our study we conclude that the Dominion Voting System should not be used in Michigan....The allowable election error rate established by the [[Federal Election Commission]] guidelines is of 1 in 250,000 ballots (.0008%). We observed an error rate of 68.05%. This demonstrated a significant and fatal error in security and election integrity."<ref>https://www.depernolaw.com/uploads/2/7/0/2/27029178/antrim_michigan_forensics_report_[121320]_v2_[redacted].pdf</ref>}}
Melissa Carone was a contractor for [[Dominion Voting Systems]] to do IT work at the TCF Center. Carone gave an interview to Redpill78 on Twitch.<ref>https://www.twitch.tv/videos/798796260?t=0h15m8s</ref> Carone states in a sworn affidavit that she “witnessed nothing but fraudulent actions take place”. Carone testified,<ref>https://www.greatlakesjc.org/wp-content/uploads/Supplemental-Brief-Motion-for-TRO-Costantino.pdf</ref>
{{quotebox-float|3. The counters (which were trained very little or not at all), were handed a "batch" (stack of 50) of mail-in ballots in which they would run through the tabulator. The tabulators would get jammed 4-5 times an hour, when they jammed the computer would put out an error that tells the worker the ballot number that was jammed and gives an option to either discard the batch or continue scanning at which the counter should discard the batch, put the issue ballot on top of the batch and rescan the entire batch. I witnessed countless workers rescanning the batches without discarding them first which resulted in ballots being counted 4-5 times.

4. At approximately midnight I was called over to assist one of the counters with a paper jam and noticed his PC had a number of over 400 ballots scanned- which means one batch was counted over 8 times. This happened countless times while I was at the TCF Center. I confronted my manager, Nick Ikonornakis saying how big of a problem this was, Nick told me he didn't want to hear that we have a big problem. He told me we are here to do assist with IT work, not to run their election.

5. The adjudication process, from my understanding there's supposed to be a republican and a democrat judging these ballots. I overheard numerous workers talking during shift change in which over 20 machines had two democrats judging the ballots-resulting in an unfair process.

6. Next, I want to describe what went on during shift change, it was a chaotic disaster. It took over two hours for workers to arrive at their "assigned areas", over 30 workers were taken upstairs and told they didn't have a job for them to do. These people were chosen to be counters, in which 6 workers admitted to me that they received absolutely no training at all.

7. The night shift workers were free to come and go as they pleased, they could go out and smoke from the counting room. This is illegal, as there were boxes and stacks of ballots everywhere, anyone could have taken some out or brought some in, and No one was watching them.

8. There was two vans that pulled into the garage of the counting room, one on day shift and one on night shift. These vans were apparently bringing food into the building because they only had enough food for not even 1/3 of the workers. I never saw any food corning out of these vans, coincidently it was announced on the news that Michigan had discovered over 100,000 more ballots- not even two hours after the last van left.

9. When a worker had a ballot that they either could not read, or it had something spilled on it, they would go to a table that had blank ballots on it and fill it out. They were supposed to be filling them out exactly like the one they had received but this was not the case at all. The workers would also sign the name of the person that the ballot belonged to-which is clearly illegal.

13. I called the FBI and made a report with them, I was told that I will be getting a call back.}}
Dr. [[Shiva Ayyadurai]] of [[MIT]], the inventor of email, did a statistical analysis of voting integrity in Michigan during a video livestream presentation.<ref>https://www.pscp.tv/w/1BdGYYjgkgQGX</ref> Dr. Shyiva demonstrated statistically how an [[algorithm]] took about 60,000 votes away from President Trump and gave them to Joe Biden in Oakland County, Michigan during the course of election day. He demonstrated the same pattern in Macomb County.

The slope of linear decline of Trump votes hour-by-hour in Oakland, Macomb, and Kent County, Michigan, was the same in predominantly Republican precincts. The public data reveal algorithm-manipulated tampering to transfer Trump votes from Republicans to Biden.

"The United States voting systems, the inputs and the outputs, are unverifiable," says Dr. Shiva, as many jurisdictions don't verify if a real person legally voted (no voter ID), and if the real votes were indeed tabulated truthfully (ballots or images are not preserved).

In violation of federal law concerning candidates for federal office, [[Massachusetts]] destroys ballots and images on election day, Dr. Shiva says.

Shiva says he was banned from Twitter for saying this, even though he had it confirmed by the Massachusetts [[secretary of state]].

Dominion voting systems is set up to make it easy to change & delete results. A [[NeverTrump|Resistance member]] with administrator access in a warehouse full of machines can enter whatever result, and delete previous results.<ref>https://twitter.com/PlaysTrumpCard/status/1326508337140207619</ref><ref>[https://www.sos.state.co.us/pubs/elections/VotingSystems/DVS-DemocracySuite511/documentation/UG-RTR-UserGuide-5-11-CO.pdf Democracy Suite® EMS Results Tally & Reporting User Guide], Version: 5.11-CO::7, May 28, 2019</ref>

===2020 Georgia===
[[File:GA PA election fraud.png|right|350px|thumb|New York Times Election Report Reveals
104,984 Stolen Votes in GA.<ref>https://centralcitynews.us/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Central-City-News-11-19-20-Small.pdf</ref>]]
:{{See also|Georgia election fraud}}
On March 6, 2020 the Georgia Secretary of State, [[Brad Raffensperger]], a Republican, signed off on a secret legal agreement with the [[Democratic Party]] of Georgia, the [[Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee]], and the [[Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee]] to alter [[absentee ballot]] procedures in [[Georgia]].<ref>https://www.dropbox.com/s/ta0rze1m3flzk5o/2020-11-13%20Complaint%20-%20L.%20Wood%20v.%20Raffensperger%20et%20al.pdf?dl=0</ref> The Democrats’ attorney for this secret deal was [[Marc Elias]] from [[Perkins Coie]],<ref>https://www.indiarightnownews.com/lin-wood-files-lawsuit-challenging-georgias-secretary-of-states-dark-unconstitutional-agreement-with-hillary-attorney-marc-elias/</ref> the bagman for [[Hillary Clinton]] who hire [[FusionGPS]] to write the ''[[Steele dossier]]'' during the [[2016 presidential election]].

Raffensperger announced the state’s purchase of a $106 million election system from Dominion Voting Systems in July 2019. In a lawsuit, which originated in 2017, critics contend that the new system was subject to many of the same security vulnerabilities as the one it was replacing.

In an October 11, 2020 order, just weeks prior to the 2020 presidential election, U.S. District Judge Amy Totenberg agreed with the concerns associated with the new Dominion voting system, writing that the case presented “serious system security vulnerability and operational issues that may place Plaintiffs and other voters at risk of deprivation of their fundamental right to cast an effective vote that is accurately counted.”

“The Court’s Order has delved deep into the true risks posed by the new BMD voting system as well as its manner of implementation. These risks are neither hypothetical nor remote under the current circumstances,” Judge Totenberg wrote in her order.<ref>https://casetext.com/case/curling-v-raffensperger-3</ref>

====GA Dominion Election Systems====
[[File:Dominion-states-522x600.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Dominion election equipment with [[Chinese]] components used in 28 states.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/huge-corrupted-software-used-michigan-county-stole-6000-votes-trump-also-used-swing-states-uses-chinese-computer-parts-machines/</ref>]]
There were problems with the vote counting software of [[Dominion Election Systems]] used in 28 states. Georgia has four counties that experienced technical problems. Spalding and Morgan counties,<ref>https://www.lawofficer.com/two-georgia-counties-using-same-software-of-michigan-counties-encounter-software-glitches/</ref> Gwinnett (which led to a delay counting absentee ballots), and Fulton (which led to people being asked to fill out provisional ballots). Fulton has also indicated a problem with their vote count reporting leading to a rescanning of some ballots.<ref>https://bigleaguepolitics.com/georgia-secretary-of-state-dispatches-investigators-to-atlanta-arena-after-fulton-county-discovers-election-reporting-issue/</ref>

Voters were unable to cast machine ballots for a couple of hours in Morgan and Spalding counties after the electronic devices crashed, state officials said. The companies “uploaded something last night, which is not normal, and it caused a glitch,” said Marcia Ridley, elections supervisor at Spalding County Board of Election. That "glitch" prevented poll workers from using the pollbooks to program smart cards that the voters insert into the voting machines. “That is something that they don’t ever do. I’ve never seen them update anything the day before the election,” Ridley said. Ridley said she did not know what the upload contained.<ref>https://www.politico.com/news/2020/11/04/georgia-election-machine-glitch-434065</ref>

[[Sidney Powell]] filed an emergency demand to seize all voting machines for a forensic audit.<ref>https://www.bizpacreview.com/2020/11/29/sidney-powell-files-emergency-demand-to-seize-all-voting-machines-for-forensic-audit-1000468</ref> A federal judge intervened in the election fraud suit.<ref>https://sharylattkisson.com/2020/11/read-federal-judge-orders-georgia-voting-machines-be-preserved-then-reverses-hearing-set-for-friday/</ref> The judge first blocked, then unblocked, then blocked again wiping or resetting the election machines.<ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/judge-blocks-then-unblocks-georgia-from-wiping-or-resetting-election-machines_3597691.html</ref> Secretary of State [[Brad Raffensperger]] ordered the Dominion machines to be wiped. [https://youtu.be/EwyCk7l0owM]

A Dominion server crashed during the presidential recount.<ref>https://freedomjournalist.com/dominion-server-crashes-during-georgia-recount/</ref> The servers were being wiped in [[Atlanta]] and Fulton county.<ref>https://youtu.be/1OeKQV_xOJU</ref> A Dominion server had been removed from Fulton county.<ref>https://www.zerohedge.com/political/powell-dominion-server-removed-fulton-county-while-lawyers-sought-restraining-order</ref> Lawyers representing the state of Georgia defended Dominion’s ‘trade secrets’ to stop inspection of machines,<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/breaking/bizarre-georgia-govt-lawyers-defended-dominions-trade-secrets-to-stop-forensic-analysis-of-machines-software/</ref> and warned the judge of ‘grave consequences’ if election officials were not allowed to wipe and reset the voting machines.
<ref>https://www.bizpacreview.com/2020/12/05/georgia-officials-warn-judge-of-grave-consequences-if-theyre-not-allowed-to-wipe-reset-voting-machines-1002534/</ref>

A video showed hidden suitcases full of ballots in the State Farm Arena in Atlanta.<ref name="youtu.be">https://youtu.be/nVP_60Hm4P8</ref><ref>https://youtu.be/09-XkfJLgCs</ref><ref>https://youtu.be/A3sqPxsbM1k</ref><ref>https://youtu.be/-lRfVS_aNX8</ref><ref>https://youtu.be/oGoXq2OsUYs</ref><ref>https://www.citizenfreepress.com/breaking/ruby-freemans-daughter-provided-the-suitcase-of-votes-photos/</ref> The ballots were counted during the alleged "water pipe break".<ref>https://www.news.com.au/world/north-america/us-politics/slow-leak-text-messages-cast-doubt-on-georgia-officials-burst-pipe-excuse-for-pause-in-counting/news-story/19176f5113512210517c82debe684392</ref> Gov. [[Brian Kemp]] allegedly called for a signature audit.<ref>https://youtu.be/zCme9vXj8iA</ref>

it was confirmed: [[Dominion Voting Systems|Domininion]] machines were tampered with prior to the [[2020 presidential election]].<ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/dominion-voting-machines-were-updated-before-election-georgia-official-confirms_3604668.html1</ref> Dominion had remote desktop access to voting machines.<ref>https://gellerreport.com/2020/12/georgia-dominion-had-remote-desktop-access-to-voting-machines-poll-pads.html/</ref> Dominion gave [[Joe Biden]] a 5% boost.<ref>https://youtu.be/iKYdr-MCvNU</ref> A Dominion employee was caught on video downloading data to a [[USB]], plugging it into laptop, and manipulating data.<ref>https://dcdirtylaundry.com/dominion-employee-caught-on-video-downloading-data-on-usb-plugging-it-into-a-laptop-manipulating-data-then-palming-the-usb-video/</ref> A suspicious handoff of a USB in Fulton county was also recorded.<ref>https://www.citizenfreepress.com/breaking/suspicious-usb-handoff-in-fulton-county/</ref>

According to statistician Edward Solomon, the probability of Joe Biden winning the number of votes as reported in Fulton County is 5.88 x 10−82, or roughly greater than the number of [[atom]]s in the observable [[universe]].<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0eNr2qoHKdQ&t=676s</ref>

====GA Facebook bribery====
Fulton County officials illegally accepted more than $6 million in private grants that imposed conditions on the conduct of elections without authority from the state legislature. In addition, state election officials entered into a settlement agreement with the Democratic Party that
created rules for processing absentee ballots that directly contradict the legislature’s intent.

====GA Stacey Abram's temp service====

[[Stacey Abrams]] was instrumental in Fulton County, Georgia election fraud in the 2020 presidential election which swung the vote for Joe Biden. Evidence was presented at the Fulton County Board of Commissioners (BOC) hearing on June 16, 2021 indicating that Stacey Abrams “financed the main contractor used in Fulton County elections during the Nov 3rd [2020] poll and the Jan 5th [2021] U.S. Senate runoff.”

Bridget Thorne helped set up voting equipment prior to the November election. Thorne told the Board of Commissioners that she contacted local officials to see how she could work as a poll tech, but they redirected her to a temporary employment agency, Happy Faces. Abrams owns 16 percent of Happy Faces. Thorne explained that when the Secretary of State (SoS) offered staffing substitutes for warehouse workers who had been quarantined because of [[covid]], “Fulton County declined their offer and brought in unqualified, untrained, hundred percent minority Happy Face employees.”<ref>https://uncoverdc.com/2021/06/17/fulton-county-early-election-hiring-implicates-stacey-abrams/</ref> Thorne quoted a 2014 ''Atlanta Journal-Constitution'' (AJC) article regarding a company Abrams founded called NOWaccount, a company that “secures government contracts.” Stacey Abrams, according to Thorne:
{{quotebox-float|“Owns 16 percent [of NOWaccount]…NOWaccount is registered as the only secured party provider for Happy Faces. NOWaccount provides the line of credit…with the purse strings connection of Stacey Abrams to Happy Faces, you must ask does she have influence over who gets hired to work for our elections. Can she or her activist groups also recommend employees? With Happy Faces working one hundred percent early voting, ballot adjudication, absentee ballot processing, warehouse, dropbox, signature verification—they are basically running our elections. Shouldn’t we know who they are recruiting? Shouldn’t we know who they are? Could an activist group have a special connection and ability to work our election while veteran poll clerks like me are shut out?”}}
[[File:Georgia Nov 3 2020.PNG|rright|350px|thumb|]]

====The pipe burst lie====
Originally when the [[mainstream media]] reported it at the time, a water main pipe allegedly burst, forcing the evacuation of the room where mail-in and absentee ballots were counted in the State Farm Arena. However, these [[fake news]] reports also claimed that no ballots were damaged.

Republican election observers were forced from the room. Employees were told ballot counting ceased for the night and would resume at 8:00 AM. Four workers remained behind. Within minutes after everyone's departure, surveillance camera's revealed the workers unloading tens of thousands of ballots secreted away beneath draped tables The workers began furiously running the ballots through tabulation machines.

=====Ballot box stuffing=====
A voter fraud hearing in Georgia features explosive allegations of ballot stuffing. The witness said that after the observers left, the remaining workers "move[d] into action and began scanning ballots." This was allegedly not under any observation other than the surveillance cameras.<ref name="youtu.be"/>

====GA no down ballot voting====

President Trump gained 2,432,799 votes, while the GOP Senate candidate tallied 2,433,617 votes. This is a difference of only 818 votes. Joe Biden in contrast gained 2,414,651 votes, while his Democratic Senate candidate tallied 2,318,850 votes. This is a difference of 95,801 votes.

====GA ineligible voters and unlawful ballots====
132,000 ineligible voters were identified in Fulton county.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/huge-breaking-news-georgia-132000-ballots-fulton-county-georgia-identified-likely-ineligible/</ref> Officials failed to enforce state law residency requirements on voters who changed addresses before the November 3, 2020 election, leading to an estimated 20,000 unlawful ballots being improperly counted. Data experts put the total number of illegal votes counted and legal votes not counted at more than 200,000, far greater than the margin separating Joe Biden and Donald Trump in the state.<ref>Fulton County (GA) Superior Court Case No. 2020CV342959.</ref>

====GA counterfeit ballots====
A poll worker testified they saw “counterfeit” ballots with darker colored watermarks that went 100% to Joe Biden. When the Elections Director was alerted to the counterfeit ballots they brushed off concerns and said the watermarks were darker because of the use of different printers. The poll worker testified about “the use of different paper for ballots, that would constitute fraud stating”:
{{quotebox-float|I noticed that almost all of the ballots I reviewed were for Biden. Many batches went 100% for Biden. I also observed that the watermark on at least 3 ballots were solid gray instead of transparent, leading me to believe the ballot was counterfeit. I challenged this and the Elections Director said it was a legitimate ballot and was due to the use of different printers. Many ballots had markings for Biden only, and no markings on the rest of the ballot.}}
Another worker (same witness who gave sworn statement in ''Wood v. Raffensperger'') explained she observed batches of pristine ballots with different texture paper with machine-stamped bubbles that went 98% for Joe Biden:<ref>https://youtu.be/HZ0kM4mVlfI</ref>
{{quotebox-float|Most of the ballots had already been handled; they had been written on by people, and the edges were worn. They showed obvious use. However, one batch stood out. It was pristine. There was a difference in the texture of the paper – it was if they were intended for absentee use but had not been used for that purposes. There was a difference in the feel.

These different ballots included a slight depressed pre-fold so they could be easily folded and unfolded for use in the scanning machines. There were no markings on the ballots to show where they had com~ from, or where they had been processed. These stood out.

In my 20 years of experience of handling ballots, I observed that the markings for the candidates on these ballots were unusually uniform, perhaps even with a ballot-marking device. By my estimate in observing these ballots, approximately 98% constituted votes for Joe Biden. I only observed two of these ballots as votes for President Donald J. Trump.”<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/georgia-lawsuit-witness-testifies-use-different-paper-counterfeit-ballots-watermark-solid-grey-instead-transparent-100-joe-biden/</ref>}}

====GA dead people voting====
27,000 90-year-olds and 2,000 100 year-olds were registered to vote.<ref>https://www.dickmorris.com/category/lunchtime-videos/</ref>

===2020 Wisconsin===
Wisconsin law requires photo ID for absentee ballot requests, specifically to prevent fraud. Notably, the law mentions the legislature’s intent “to prevent overzealous solicitation of absent electors who may prefer not to participate in an election.”

The Wisconsin Election Commission also violated state law by allowing voters to claim “indefinite confinement” as a means of avoiding the legal requirement to provide a photo ID when requesting an absentee ballot. The legislature established this exemption for the elderly and disabled, yet many of the individuals who claimed it in 2020 subsequently left their homes to participate in family outings, political protests, and other activities that directly contradict their claim to have been “indefinitely confined.”

Data experts estimate that more than 150,000 votes were affected by these violations, including nearly 100,000 illegal ballots cast by individuals falsely claiming to be indefinitely confined.<ref>Wisconsin Supreme Court Case No. 2020AP1930-OA.</ref>

====WI turnout and ballot dump====
[[File:Milwaukee turnout 2020.jpeg|left|300px|thumb|Turnout exceeded registered voters in some Milwaukee precincts by 200%.]]
Theredelephants reports in [[Wisconsin]], voter turnout matched the record high of 2004. The Wisconsin Elections Commission uses the estimated voting age population as the denominator when calculating statewide voter turnout numbers. According to the Elections Commission, there was a 73 percent turnout in this Wisconsin election.

Turnout was 67 percent in 2016; 70 percent in 2012; 69 percent in 2008; and 73 percent in 2004. Apparently Joe Biden smashed [[Barack Obama]]’s 2008 turnout in most places in the country.

In both Michigan and Wisconsin, several vote dumps occurred at approximately 4am on Wednesday morning November 4, 2020 which showed that Joe Biden received almost 100 percent of the votes. President Trump was leading by hundreds of thousands of votes in both states as America went to sleep, and turnout in the state of Wisconsin seems to be particularly impossible.

In Wisconsin on election day before the polls opened, Republicans led Mail-in Ballots requested 43% to 35%, and Mail-in and early in-person ballots returned 43% to 35%. Almost ALL of the ballots found, while most in the country were sleeping, after they officials stated they would stop counting, were for Joe Biden.

Some statistically savvy observers noticed other mathematical flaws, as random numbers in statistics should follow a pattern in their distribution. If the numbers are falsified, it is easy to detect.

Biden had 49,000 votes posted on the City of Milwaukee website as of 4 AM Wednesday and 194,000 votes as of 3 PM Wednesday.<ref>https://twitter.com/RichHiggins_DC/status/1329268228883963904</ref> 102 wards added more than 500 votes, 16 added more than 1000. State margin 20k <ref>https://t.co/ToBWG58yXv</ref><ref>pic.twitter.com/3yzpYSEJ0q</ref>

The increase in Democrats relative to Republicans was significantly higher when the Democrat was doing worse overall in early counting. Within each ward, late votes broke heavily to the Democrat in exactly the races where they are likely to affect the result.

====WI illegal instructions from the Election Board====
[[File:Wisconsin-Rock-County-3.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Vote switching in Rock County, Wisconsin.]]
In Wisconsin, the law states that ballots returned by a third party absent a witness statement are invalid and not to be counted. Municipal clerks and vote counters across the state filled out witness signatures themselves. Acting on false and unlawful advice from the Wisconsin Elections Commission (WEC), these clerks may have invalidated thousands of [[absentee ballot|absentee votes]].
[[File:WI fraudulent ballots.png|left|300px|thumb|Fraudulent ballots cast in Wisconsin.<ref>https://justthenews.com/politics-policy/elections/group-files-emergency-petition-wisconsin-after-finding-potentially-150000?utm_source=daily-newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter</ref>]]
The WEC sent uniform instructions to voters with their mail-in ballots that informed them that “your witness must sign and provide their full address (street number, street name, city) in the Certification of Witness section” and warned that “if any of the required information above is missing, your ballot will not be counted.” However, on October 19, 2020 the WEC sent instructions to clerks that they can simply fill in the witness address themselves so that the ballot would not be invalidated. “Please note that the clerk should attempt to resolve any missing witness address information prior to Election Day if possible, and this can be done through reliable information (personal knowledge, voter registration information, through a phone call with the voter or witness),” WEC wrote. “The witness does not need to appear to add a missing address.”<ref>https://justthenews.com/politics-policy/elections/many-200000-wisconsin-residents-may-have-voted-absentee-without-having</ref>

“The statute is very, very clear,” said retired Wisconsin Supreme Court Justice Michael Gableman, who worked as a poll watcher in Milwaukee on Election Day. “If an absentee ballot does not have a witness address on it, it’s not valid. That ballot is not valid.” The former Wisconsin Supreme Court Justice said the ballots should be invalidated. “In defiance of and direct contradiction to the statute, the Wisconsin Elections Commission gave guidance–that is, cover–to all 72 county clerks and turned the statute on his head,” Gableman said. “They said, ‘Gee, we know the law says an absentee ballot without the witness address is not valid, but county clerk, you have a duty to go ahead and look up on your own the witness’ address if there’s no address on the absentee ballot.”<ref>https://redstate.com/scotthounsell/2020/11/08/ballot-clerks-in-wisconsin-allegedly-added-witness-statements-to-thousands-of-invalid-ballots-n276848</ref>

Anticipating a legal challenge to this seemingly highly unlawful advice, the WEC instructed clerks to write in these witness addresses in red pen so that they would be easy to find during a recount or audit of the vote.

The Republican Party of Wisconsin estimates that thousands of witness addresses may have been changed, thus invalidating the ballots on which they appeared. The statutory remedy for this is to subtract a commensurate number of votes for the candidates for whom those ballots were cast, meaning that vote totals may substantially change.

====WI vote switching====
[[File:WI indefinite.png|right|350px|thumb]]
Evidence shows that the vote totals for Rock County appeared to be switched between President Trump and Joe Biden. 9,516 votes were eliminated from President Trump and moved to Joe Biden. This 19,032 vote difference when corrected would eliminate Biden’s lead in Wisconsin.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/breaking-exclusive-system-glitch-also-uncovered-wisconsin-reversal-19032-votes-removes-lead-joe-biden/aypundit.com</ref><ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/happening-mit-scientist-offer-president-trump-proof-computer-algorithm-likely-transferred-69000-votes-trump-joe-biden-michigan/</ref>

====WI fraudulent ballots====
Under Wisconsin state law, a voter must present a valid photo ID when requesting to vote by mail. The exception to the rule is for those voters who are currently hospitalized or “indefinitely confined because of age, physical illness, or infirmity.”<ref>https://redstate.com/shipwreckedcrew/2020/11/24/trump-campaign-focusing-on-unlawful-use-of-absentee-ballot-process-to-avoid-wisconsin-id-requirement-n284528</ref> [[Covid]] doesn't meet the qualifications for an "indefinitely confined" voter.

===2020 Nevada===
{{See also|Nevada election fraud}}
According to data from the [[Nevada]] Secretary of State website, the total ballots Cast on November 3 was 1,327,394.<ref>https://www.nvsos.gov/sos/home/showdocument?id=9054</ref> The Silver State website, run by the Nevada Secretary of State, reported the total number of votes cast for each candidate. Joe Biden received a total of 703,486 votes, or 50.06% of the votes, while Donald Trump got 669,890 votes, or 47.67%. Simple math would show that adding the number of votes cast for each presidential candidate (703,486 + 669,890), should equal the total votes cast, or 1,327,394. But it doesn’t. It adds up to 1,373,376. That is 45,982 more votes that the Secretary of States website says were cast in the entire election.

The numbers as officially reported on the Silver State website, show Joe Biden with a +33,596 margin over President Trump. But from the calculations there were an additional 45,982 votes were allocated to someone.<ref>https://twpundit.com/2020/11/23/calculating-voter-fraud-nevadas-numbers-dont-add-up/</ref>

42,000 voters voted twice and have multiple voter registration numbers associated with substantially the same name, birthdate, and address.<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/news/nevada-fraud-hearing-obstruction-machines-dead/</ref>

====NV out-of-state votes====
A Letter from lawyers to [[Attorney General]] [[Bill Barr]] included 60 pages of voter records, stated that they have identified 3,062 individuals who appear to have improperly cast mail ballot in the election. [[CBS News]] verified these facts by cross referencing the names and addresses of voters with National Change of Address database/<ref>https://twitter.com/CBS_Herridge/status/1324535401969864705</ref>

Almost 20,000 Nevada voters had a non-Nevada mailing address. 2,468 voters legally changed their address to another jurisdiction or state or country.

====NV unverified votes counted====
A [[whistleblower]] came forward indicating he witnessed [[illegal]] ballots being counted without signatures being verified.<ref>https://twitter.com/NVGOP/status/1325254758811095040</ref> He was instructed to ignore discrepancies with addresses. The worker swire out an affidavit which was sent to the [[Department of Justice]] in [[Washington, D.C.]].<ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/breaking-trump-campaign-taking-numerous-new-legal-actions-in-election-battle</ref>

====NV provisional ballots====
60,000 Trump voters were tricked into using provisional ballots that were never counted.<ref>https://dcdirtylaundry.com/nevada-poll-workers-tricked-60000-mostly-trump-voters-into-using-provisional-ballots-that-were-never-counted/</ref>

====NV gift card lottery for votes====
A Nevada state agency offered gift cards for votes.<ref>https://www.reviewjournal.com/opinion/opinion-columns/victor-joecks/victor-joecks-nevada-group-offered-gift-cards-for-voting-and-a-state-agency-promoted-it-2187045/</ref> Key [[Native American]] leaders working with the Biden campaign offered tribal members and associates Visa gift cards, jewelry, and other “swag” to vote in the presidential election. It is illegal to offer any kind of bribe or payment for a vote.

In one long video, officials from the Reno-Sparks Indian Colony are shown offering a raffle for gift cards in values of $25, $100, $250, and $500 to those who can prove they voted. Other gifts for voting include bracelets, necklaces, earrings, T-shirts, and masks.<ref>https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/washington-secrets/pro-biden-effort-offered-native-americans-25-500-visa-gift-cards-jewelry-to-vote</ref>

====NV dead people voting====
Almost 1,500 Nevada voters listed as deceased by the Social Security Administration (SSA) Master Death File, Consumer Data Vendors, Public Obituary Data Matches, and Credit Bureau Deceased Data voted.

====NV non-existent voters====
USPS Flags on Non-Residential Addresses: approximately 15,000 voters are registered to vote at either a commercial address or a vacant property. Almost 6,000 had USPS flags on vacant addresses. Approximately 8,000 voters had registered addresses that are physically non-existent.

===2020 Arizona===
[[File:Maricopa-audit-6.jpg|right|350px|thumb|The Maricopa County Election Management Systems databases were deleted after they were [[subpoena]]ed by the Arizona Senate.<ref>https://100percentfedup.com/breaking-bombshell-maricopa-co-deleted-entire-2020-election-database-showing-results-tally-and-reporting-days-before-equipment-was-delivered-to-the-audit-this-is-spoilati/</ref>]]
:{{See also|Arizona election fraud}}
On November 16, 2020, Arizona reported a 65.9% voter turnout. On November 30, 2020, the Secretary of State’s reported 79.9% voter turnout, the highest in the country according to latest aggregated results from Statista.

Arizona reported the number of ballots cast was 3,420,565 in 2020 versus 1,037,550 in 1998, or 2,383,015 more people voted in 2020 vs 1998. In the same span of time the population grew by only 1,756,24. In other words, every single new person in the state - 100% over the past twenty-two years - voted, plus an additional 166,511 more than the population growth.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/12/numbers-dont-lie-data-scientists-break-voter-fraud-arizona-shocking-video/</ref>

There was no proper signature validation of 1.9 million on mail in ballots.<ref>https://sharylattkisson.com/2020/11/what-youve-been-asking-for-a-fairly-complete-list-of-some-of-the-most-significant-claims-of-2020-election-miscounts-errors-or-fraud/</ref>

====AZ Ballot destruction and vote switching====
Over 75,000 absentee ballots were reported as unreturned when they were actually returned. These absentee ballots were then either lost or destroyed (consistent with allegations of Trump ballot destruction) and/or were replaced with blank ballots filled out by election workers
or other third parties.<ref>In the United States District Court for the District of Arizona, ''[https://www.democracydocket.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/2020/12/Bower-Complaint-AZ.pdf Tyler Bowyer et al v.. Doug Ducey]'', December 2, 2020.</ref>

In cases where ballots were too damaged or illegible to be read by vote tabulation machines, Novus software 6.0.0.0. was used in an attempt to cure or restore the ballots. The system would do so by trying to read the applicable scans of the original rejected ballots. However, as noted in a court “the software was highly inaccurate, and it often flipped the vote....the software would erroneously prefill ‘Biden’ twice as often as it did ‘Trump.’”<ref>https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/20417265/ward-v-jackson-complaint-and-petition-for-discovery.pdf</ref>

====AZ Equal protection violations====
Mail-in voters had up to 5 days to “cure” or “fix” invalid mail-in ballots sent prior to Election Day. In-person voters in Maricopa County had to deal with poll workers who did not know how to work electronic voting machines properly. This resulted in thousands of in-person votes being marked incorrectly, given provisional ballots, and disregarded rather than cured.

====AZ Facebook funding fraud====
State officers and [[Maricopa County]] Officials failed to enforce the state law against private companies from directing federal election administration, accepting millions of dollars in private grants that gave some voters in the state access to advantages that were unavailable to voters in other parts of the state. These officials also allowed for gaps in the chain of custody of official ballots through the use of “mobile” drop boxes that are stationed in unsupervised public locations, failed to enforce the state law against double voting, and failed to enforce the state law against allowing people to vote using an address where they no longer live.

As a result of these violations, data experts estimate that more than 300,000 potentially fraudulent ballots may have influenced the outcome of the popular vote in the state, including more than 200,000 illegal ballots that were counted and about 75,000 legal votes that were not
counted.<ref>Superior Court of the State of Arizona in and for the County of Maricopa Case No. CV 2020-096490.</ref>

====AZ Dominion Voting Systems====
Each [[Democrat party]] candidate was allotted 35,000 votes by rigged election machine before the voting started at 7 AM.

The Trump campaign and [[Republican National Committee]] filed a lawsuit that seeks the manual inspection of potentially thousands of in-person Election Day ballots in metro [[Phoenix]] that they allege were mishandled by poll workers and resulted in some ballot selections to be disregarded.

The legal challenge against Democrat Secretary of State [[Katie Hobbs]] centers on instances in which people are believed to have voted for more candidates than permitted.

When tabulators detect such an “overvote,” poll workers should give voters a choice to fix the problem, but the workers instead either pressed or told voters to press a button on the machine to override the error, leaving the devices to disregard the problematic ballot selections, according to the lawsuit.<ref>https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/11/07/2020-latest-trump-gop-sue-in-arizona-over-ballot-handling/</ref>

A Pima county whistleblower stated that Democratic Party members invited him to a meeting on September 10, 2020 and outlined a plan to add 35,000 votes to each Democrat candidate.
{{quotebox-float|"When I asked how in the world will 35,000 votes be kept hidden from being discovered, it was stated that spread distribution will be embedded across the entire registered-voter range and will not exceed the registered-vote count, and the 35,000 was determined allowable in Pima County, based on our county registered-vote count.

It was also stated that total voter turnout versus total registered voters determine how many votes we can embed.

[[Maricopa County|Maricopa]] [County] embed totals would be substantially higher than Pima’s due to embeds being based upon the total number of registered voters.

When I asked if this has been tested and how do we know it works, the answer was yes, and has shown success in Arizona judicial-retention elections since 2014, even undetectable in post-audits because no candidate will spend the kind of funds needed to audit and contact voters to verify votes in the full potential of total registered voters, which is more than 500,000 registered voters."<ref>https://www.dailysignal.com/2020/11/30/4-takeaways-from-arizonas-election-fraud-hearing/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=4-takeaways-from-arizonas-election-fraud-hearing</ref>}}
According to testimony from an MIT-trained mathematician, Biden may have received a weighted 130% total of Democrat votes in Maricopa County to help him win the state due to an algorithm programmed into the Dominion voting machines.<ref>[https://themichiganstar.com/2020/12/02/mathematician-says-biden-may-havereceived-130-percent-of-the-democrat-vote-in-maricopa-county-arizona/ Heine, Debra,“Mathematician Says Biden May Have Received 130 Percent of the Democrat Vote in Maricopa County, Arizona,]” December 2, 2020.</ref>

===2020 California===
California’s Office of Election Cybersecurity surveilled social media users and asked [[Facebook]], [[Twitter]], and [[Google]] to remove or flag social media postings as "misleading" election news content. SKDKnickerbocker, a communications company linked to the Biden campaign, was also involved. The company shared its “Misinformation Daily Briefings” with the California Secretary of State office, who then passed them on to the [[Big Tech]] [[social media]] giants a conspiracy against the [[First Amendment]] rights of Americans.<ref>https://www.ntd.com/california-officials-biden-linked-firm-colluded-with-big-tech-to-censor-election-posts-judicial-watch_604446.html</ref>

===Racism and voter suppression===
Democrats flipped all votes for [[Kanye West]] in Michigan to Joseph Biden.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/election-witnesses-kanyes-michigan-votes-stolen-democrats-joe-biden-video/?utm_source=Parler&utm_campaign=websitesharingbuttons</ref>

===Foreign collusion===
Di Dongsheng, a vice-dean at the School of International Relations at Renmin University in Beijing, made public statements before a large audience on November 28, 2020:
[[File:Nov. 3-4 2020 Chinese cyberattack.PNG|right|350px|thumb|Real time capture of Communist Chinese cyberattack on selected U.S. counties.]]
{{Quotebox-float|"We know that the Trump administration is in a trade war with us, so why can’t we fix the Trump administration? Why did China and the US used to be able to settle all kinds of issues between 1992 and 2016?" he asked. "I’m going to throw out something maybe a little bit explosive here. It’s just because we have people at the top. We have our old friends who are at the top of America’s core inner circle of power and influence."

"During the US-China trade war, [[Wall Street]] tried to help, and I know that my friends on the US side told me that they tried to help, but they couldn’t do much. But now we’re seeing Biden was elected, the traditional elite, the political elite, the establishment, they’re very close to Wall Street, so you see that, right?"

"Trump has been saying that Biden’s son has some sort of global foundation. Have you noticed that? Who helped [Hunter] build the foundations? Got it? There are a lot of deals inside all these."<ref>https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2020/12/08/top_chinese_intellectual_boasts_about_old_friends_who_are_at_the_top_of_americas_core_inner_circle_of_power_and_influence.html#!</ref><ref>https://youtu.be/lyQUtPEBBSA</ref><ref>https://thepostmillennial.com/watch-tucker-carlson-exposes-how-media-democrats-have-been-working-on-behalf-of-china/</ref>}}

===2020 Democrat primaries and caucuses===
====2020 Iowa Caucus====
:{{See also|2020 Iowa Democratic caucuses}}
Shadow, Inc. is the company that developed the Iowa and Nevada Democratic caucus app. FEC records show Buttigieg for America paid Shadow Inc. $42,000. Former Clinton campaign chairman [[Robby Mook]] vetted the app for the Democratic party.<ref>https://pjmedia.com/election/hoo-boy-hillarys-campaign-manager-was-involved-with-that-disastrous-iowa-caucus-app/</ref> Shadow, Inc. was launched by a dark money SuperPAC called Acronym,<ref>https://hotair.com/archives/john-s-2/2020/02/05/acronym-group-behind-shadow/</ref> headed by CEO Tara McGowan, a former journalist and [[Obama for America]] operative who is married to a senior advisor of the [[Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign]].<ref>https://consortiumnews.com/2020/02/06/group-that-sabotaged-iowa-caucus-begun-by-billionaire-backer-of-alabama-false-flag-campaign/</ref> Acronym was founded by billionaire Reid Hoffman, founder of LinkedIn. Hoffman funded Project Birmingham, a covert voter suppression and [[fake news]] campaign based on the Russian model during dirty the 2017 [[Doug Jones]]/[[Roy Moore]] [[Alabama]] Senate race. Obama crony [[David Plouffe]] sits on the board of Acronym.<ref>https://twitchy.com/samj-3930/2020/02/04/hoo-boy-reading-this-damning-thread-from-lee-fang-about-pete-buttigieg-and-shadow-inc-its-no-wonder-mayorcheat-is-trending/</ref>

On election night the Iowa Democratic party stopped counting when 98% of precincts were counted and Bernie Sanders was ahead by 2,500 votes. Only the the precincts that would likely help South Bend mayor [[Pete Buttigieg]] were recounted, and the remainder of precincts were weighted to Sanders. Under the apportionment system Buttigieg was awarded two more delegates and claimed victory, but Sanders won the statewide popular vote.<ref>http://www.dickmorris.com/democratic-race-whats-next-lunch-alert/</ref> Seven of the last nine winners of the Iowa Caucus went on to win the Democratic nomination, and the DNC rigged the election to prevent Sanders from gaining momentum from a victory. Of Buttigieg's 2 delegate margin of victory, 3 were awarded by coin toss.<ref>https://twitter.com/awzurcher/status/1224533900946485250</ref> Due to Democrat corruption and election rigging, the ''[[Associated Press]]'' refused to recognize Buttigieg's claim of victory.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/02/caucuses-in-iowa-run-so-poorly-associated-press-refuses-to-declare-winner/</ref>

====2020 Wisconsin primary====
In a lawsuit filed by [[Democratic party]] operatives concerned about the [[CCP pandemic]]’s effects on voting, federal District Judge William Conley (an [[Obama]] appointee) extended the deadline for receipt of mail-in ballots from Tuesday, April 7, 2020 (the primary-election day), to Monday afternoon, April 13. That aspect of the federal district court’s ruling was not in dispute. Judge Conley, however, directed that [[absentee ballot]]s were eligible to be counted regardless of the date of post mark or otherwise delivered, as long as they came in by the April 13 deadline. In effect, that meant absentee ballots could be cast after in-person primary voting had closed on April 7.

This meant the election could be materially altered by events occurring after formal conclusion of the [[primary election]] — not least, news about the apparent election result. To address this problem, Judge Conley further ordered the Wisconsin Election Commission and election inspectors to suppress any report of the voting results until after the new April 13 deadline for the receipt of absentee ballots.<ref>https://www.nationalreview.com/2020/04/the-supreme-courts-misunderstood-ruling-on-wisconsins-coronavirus-primary/</ref> Democrat Gov. [[Tony Evers]] then banned in person voting in the April 7, 2020 primary. The Wisconsin Supreme Court then ruled Evers exceeded his authority with his [[Executive Order]] to cancel elections.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zEIrRZpwsqQ</ref> The same day [[SCOTUS]] ruled to stay a district court order that had extended the absentee voting deadline. As a result, the absentee ballot postmark and in-person return deadlines were reinstated to April 7, 2020.<ref>https://ballotpedia.org/Democratic_Party_primaries_in_Wisconsin,_2020</ref> The issue was that authority did not rest with the courts or the governor and there was no time to reschedule. [[Fake news]] media, of course, was quick to blame Republicans for the Democrat's lawsuit and the Democratic governor's overreach of [[executive branch]] authority.<ref>https://www.facebook.com/dan.bongino/videos/775321722874199/</ref> Democrat operative [[James Carville]] again stole the spotlight as the most [[demagogic]].<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/clips/2020/04/08/carville-wisconsin-primary-proved-republicans-will-kill-people-to-stay-in-power/</ref> ''The Wisconsin State Journal'' reported three weeks after the voting that Wisconsin's rate of infection actually declined after in-person voting.<ref>https://madison.com/wsj/news/local/health-med-fit/no-bump-in-covid-19-rates-after-wisconsins-april-7-election-study-says/article_b1aade1d-abec-5fc2-92fb-e1c64ccbc92f.html</ref>

After [[Wisconsin]] voted, Sanders quit, pledging to toe the CCP/DNC party line; however an ''ABC/Washington Post'' poll showed 15% of Sanders supporters will support President Trump in the November general election.<ref>https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2020/03/29/bernie-sanders-supporters-vote-trump-over-biden-poll/2936124001/</ref> Sanders press secretary immediately ripped off the mask, saying in a tweet that she can now drop "Democratic" from explaining why "Democratic Socialism" is good.<ref>https://summit.news/2020/04/08/bernies-press-secretary-now-i-can-drop-democratic-from-democratic-socialism/</ref> With Sanders out and the nomination locked up, Barack Hussein Obama still failed to endorse Biden.

====2020 Georgia primary====
[[File:Shaya Moss.png|right|300px|thumb|Shaya Moss, the Fulton County Georgia supervisor of registration, stuffed the ballot box with tens of thousands of votes for Joe Biden on the night of November 3, 2020 and in the early morning hours after.<ref>https://youtu.be/NCgSFoD0bK0</ref>]]
:{{See also|2020 Democrat primaries#Dominion Election Systems}}
Jeff Carlson of ''[[The Epoch Times]]'' reported the findings of Harri Hursti, an acknowledged expert on electronic voting security. Hursti provided a first-hand description of problems during the June 9, 2020 statewide primary election and runoff elections on August 11, 2020. Hursti summarized his findings:
*“The scanner and tabulation [[software]] settings being employed to determine which votes to count on hand marked paper ballots are likely causing clearly intentioned votes not to be counted”
*“The voting system is being operated in Fulton County in a manner that escalates the security risk to an extreme level.”
*“Voters are not reviewing their BMD [Ballot Marking Devices] printed ballots, which causes BMD generated results to be un-auditable due to the untrustworthy audit trail.”

During the runoff elections, on the night of August 11, 2020, Hursti was present at the Fulton County Election Preparation Center to observe the “upload of the memory devices coming in from the precincts to the [[Dominion Election Management System]] [EMS] server.” During this observation, Hursti noted that “system problems were recurring and the Dominion technicians operating the system were struggling with the upload process.”

Hursti also noted that it appeared that Dominion personnel were the only ones with knowledge of, and access to, the Dominion server. As Hursti stated in his declaration, “In my conversations with Derrick Gilstrap and other Fulton County Elections Department EPC personnel, they professed to have limited knowledge of or control over the EMS server and its operations.”

Hursti noted that this wholesale outsourcing of the operation of voting equipment to the vendor’s personnel was “highly unusual in my experience and of grave concern from a security and conflict of interest perspective.” Hursti referred to Dominion’s onsite operation and access as “an elevated risk factor.”

Hursti also noted that the Dell computers running the Dominion server appeared not to have been “hardened”—the process of “securing a system by reducing its surface of vulnerability.” Hursti said that he found it “unacceptable for an EMS server not to have been hardened prior to installation.”

Hursti observed that computers used in Georgia’s system for vote processing appeared to have “home/small business companion software packages” on them. This raised areas of significant concern for Hursti as he noted: “[O]ne of the first procedures of hardening is removal of all unwanted software, and removal of those game icons and the associated games and installers alongside with all other software which is not absolutely needed in the computer for election processing purposes would be one of the first and most basic steps in the hardening process. In my professional opinion, independent inquiry should be promptly made of all 159 counties to determine if the Dominion systems statewide share this major deficiency.”

Hursti discovered that one of the computers had an icon for a 2017 computer game called “Homescapes” which Hursti noted called into question whether “all Georgia Dominion system computers have the same operating system version, or how the game has come to be having a presence in Fulton’s Dominion voting system.”

Hursti also found a troubling blend of old and new equipment which carried additional security risks due to a lack of patch updates: “Although this Dominion voting system is new to Georgia, the Windows 10 operating system of at least the ‘main’ computer in the rack has not been updated for 4 years and carries a wide range of well-known and publicly disclosed vulnerabilities.”

Hursti noted that the lack of “hardening” created security risks even for computers that were not connected to the internet. He observed that when flash drives were connected to the server, the “media was automounted by the operating system. When the operating system is automounting a storage media, the operating system starts automatically to interact with the device.”

Hursti noted that the management of Fulton County’s EMS server appeared to be an “ad hoc operation with no formalized process.” This seemed particularly apparent in relation to the process of storage media coming in from various precincts throughout the night: “This kind of operation i[s] naturally prone to human errors. I observed personnel calling on the floor asking if all vote carrying compact flash cards had been delivered from the early voting machines for processing, followed by later finding additional cards which had been overlooked in apparent human error. Later, I heard again one technician calling on the floor asking if all vote carrying compact flashes had been delivered. This clearly demonstrates lack of inventory management which should be in place to ensure, among other things, that no rogue storage devices would be inserted into the computer. In response, 3 more compact flash cards were hand-delivered. Less than 5 minutes later, I heard one of the county workers say that additional card was found and was delivered for processing. All these devices were trusted by printed label only and no comparison to an inventory list of any kind was performed.”

Hursti also observed that “operations were repeatedly performed directly on the operating system.” The election software has no visibility into the operations of the operating system, which creates additional auditing problems, and as Hursti noted, “Unless the system is configured properly to collect file system auditing data is not complete. As the system appears not to be hardened, it is unlikely that the operating system has been configured to collect auditing data.”

Raising even greater concerns was the apparent “complete access” that Dominion personnel appeared to have into the computer system. Hursti observed Dominion technicians troubleshooting error messages with a “trial-and-error” approach which included access into the “Computer Management” application, indicating complete access in Hursti’s opinion.

As he stated in his declaration, “This means there are no meaningful access separation and privileges and roles controls protecting the county’s primary election servers. This also greatly amplifies the risk of catastrophic human error and malicious program execution.”

During these attempts to resolve the various issues that were occurring in real-time, Hursti noted that it appeared as though Dominion staff shifted from on-site attempts at remediation to off-site troubleshooting:
{{quotebox-float|“The Dominion staff member walked behind the server rack and made manual manipulations which could not be observed from my vantage point. After that they moved with their personal laptops to a table physically farther away from the election system and stopped trying different ways to work around the issue in front of the server, and no longer talked continuously with their remote help over phone.

In the follow-up-calls I overheard them ask people on the other end of the call to check different things, and they only went to a computer and appeared to test something and subsequently take a picture of the computer screen with a mobile phone and apparently send it to a remote location.”

Hursti stated that this “created a strong mental impression that the troubleshooting effort was being done remotely over remote access to key parts of the system.”}}
Hursti also noted that a “new wireless access point with a hidden SSID access point name appeared in the active [[Wi-Fi]] stations list” that he was monitoring.

All of this raised material alarms for Hursti, who noted that
{{quotebox-float|“If in fact remote access was arranged and granted to the server, this has gravely serious implications for the security of the new Dominion system. Remote access, regardless how it is protected and organized is always a security risk, but furthermore it is transfer of control out of the physical perimeters and deny any ability to observe the activities.”<ref>https://themarketswork.com/2020/11/15/pre-election-concerns-over-dominion-voting-systems-highlighted-in-georgia-lawsuit/</ref>}}

==2018==
:{{See also|2018 Midterm elections}}
===2018 California===
[[California]]’s 2016 AB 1921 significantly amended election law by making the practice of ballot harvesting legal. That amendment significantly altered the race there in 2018:
{{quotebox|“And so, as the polls closed on election day, no less than six California Republican House candidates…were ahead in their respective races, some comfortably enough to declare victory and move on with plans for the next Congressional term. However, as absentee and provisional ballot results rolled in over the next few days and weeks, the vast majority of which predictably favored Democrats, their Democratic opponents managed to ‘find’ enough votes to snatch victory from the jaws of defeat. 

The change was a small but significant one. California, in its infinite wisdom, decided to make the practice of “ballot harvesting” legal. Thus, instead of only relatives or those living in the same household being allowed to legally collect and turn in absentee ballots for voters – as was previously the law – any “third party” can do it, including activist groups, Democratic operatives, or street-corner panhandlers."<ref>https://uncoverdc.com/2020/09/25/election-fraud-becomes-a-focus-in-the-2020-election/</ref>}}

===2018 Florida===
On November 8, two days after the 2018 midterm election, Marc Elias traveled to Broward County, [[Florida]] to represent Democrats.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/clinton-campaign-lawyer-with-ties-to-trump-dossier-leads-democrat-recount-effort-in-florida</ref> A judge ruled county Democrat election officials violated Florida's public records laws and the state constitution, and ordered the county election supervisor to disclose the total number of ballots cast and the total number remaining to be counted.<ref>https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/courts/florida-judge-sides-with-rick-scott-orders-broward-county-elections-head-to-release-vote-counts?_amp=true</ref> Tampering and chain of custody issues were litigated.<ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/38162/rubio-heres-more-evidence-potential-voting-law-james-barrett</ref><ref>https://twitter.com/Str8DonLemon/status/1061991384369020929</ref> Lawyers for Democrats want to count the votes on non-[[U.S. citizen]]s.<ref>https://www.zerohedge.com/news/2018-11-10/democratic-lawyers-object-non-citizen-ballot-being-thrown-out</ref>

===2018 New Mexico===
Following Rep. [[Steve Pearce]]'s announcement that he would run for governor rather than seek re-election to another House term in 2018,<ref>[https://www.koat.com/article/gop-rep-steve-pearce-runs-for-governor-will-leave-congress/10283073 Congressman Pearce announces run for governor]</ref> [[Yvette Herrell]] ran for the seat, winning the Republican primary and facing Democrat [[Xochitl Torres Small]]. Herrell was initially declared the winner of the race on Election Night, but "lost" after several thousand ballots were "mysteriously discovered".<ref>Two references:
*[https://100percentfedup.com/declared-gop-winner-in-new-mexicos-congressional-race-says-race-is-being-stolen-after-democrat-sec-of-state-magically-finds-8000-uncounted-votes/ DECLARED GOP WINNER In New Mexico’s Congressional Race Says Race Is Being “Stolen” After Democrat Sec Of State “Magically” Finds 8,000 Uncounted Votes]
*[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2018/11/another-stolen-race-nm-democrat-rep-small-wins-reelection-after-8000-ballots-found-in-a-warehouse/ MORE DEMOCRAT TRICKS: GOP Candidate Wins NM Seat in Congress – Then Magic Stash of 8,000 Ballots Turns Up (VIDEO)]</ref> Despite claims made by liberals that there supposedly was no evidence of election fraud, a later audit as reported by the ''Daily Signal'' found signs of such.<ref name="EXCLUSIVE: Audit Finds Signs of Fraud in New Mexico House Race"/> Herrell refused to concede the race due to it likely having been stolen.<ref>Multiple references:
*[https://apnews.com/article/5b60440d91e64e39a0d3ace26089d475 Republican Herrell not conceding US House race in New Mexico]
*[https://www.newsmax.com/john-gizzi/new-mexico-xochiti-torres-small-yvette-harrell-voter-integrity/2018/11/12/id/890393/ Republican Yvette Herrell Will Not Concede NM-2 Race]
*[https://www.krqe.com/news/new-mexico/herrell-refusing-to-concede-in-2nd-congressional-district-race/ Herrell refusing to concede in 2nd Congressional District race]</ref>

==2016==
[[File:Harvey-weinstein-Hillary-clinton-dinner-with-after-election-loss (2).jpg|right|200px|thumb|'''Hillary Clinton dines with Hollywood [[oligarch]] and Democrat mega-donor Harvey Weinstein after the 2016 election, December 13, 2016.''' Weinstein, a charter founder of the Clinton Legal Defense Fund organized to defend President Clinton from sexual harassment and assault charges, has been accused of [[rape]] by 97 women.<ref>https://www.businessinsider.com/list-of-women-who-have-accused-harvey-weinstein-of-sexual-harassment-or-assault-2017-10</ref> Hillary has posed as crusader for Women's Rights throughout heer career.]]
:{{See also|Hillary Rodham Clinton}}

[[Marc Elias]] paid [[FusionGPS]] for the ''[[Steele dossier]]'' on behalf of the [[Hillary for America]] campaign and the [[Democratic National Committee]].<ref>https://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/russia-perkins-coie-clinton-dossier-meet-the-democratic-law-firm-behind-the-russian-collusion-narrative/</ref> The ''Steele dossier'' was used by the [[Barack Obama|Obama]] [[FBI]] to hoax the [[FISA court]] into granting [[surveillance]] warrants to [[spy]] on the [[2016 Trump campaign]], [[Trump transition]], and [[Trump administration]].<ref>[https://theconservativetreehouse.com/2020/03/08/doj-political-surveillance-from-the-irs-in-2011-to-the-fisa-court-in-2016/ DOJ Political Surveillance – From the IRS in 2011 to the FISA Court in 2016], Posted on March 8, 2020 by sundance. theconservativetreehouse.com</ref><ref>https://www.investors.com/politics/editorials/memo-fbi-used-tainted-steele-dossier-paid-for-by-hillary-clinton-as-reason-to-spy-on-trump/</ref> Elias lied to ''[[New York Times]]'' reporters regarding the employment of FusionGPS.<ref>https://twitter.com/kenvogel/status/922955410327425027?s=20</ref>

====2016 Democrat operatives incite violence at Trump rallies====
[[Project Veritas]] uncovered a nationwide Democrat effort to incite violence at Trump rallies.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2016/10/18/politics/project-veritas-action-robert-creamer-donald-trump-rallies/index.html</ref><ref>https://youtu.be/YH7GIT4qUPE</ref>

====2016 Democrat primaries====
The Democrat primary was rigged against Bernie Sanders and in favor of Hillary Clinton, and the party was shown to be helping Clinton behind the scenes.<ref>Griffin, Andrew (November 9, 2016). [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-elections/bernie-sanders-us-election-president-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-democrats-primary-results-a7408451.html Donald Trump won election because Democrats rigged system to have Clinton beat Bernie Sanders, says WikiLeaks]. ''The Independent''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref><ref>Hoft, Jim (October 18, 2016). [https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2016/10/obama-lectures-media-integrity-elections-forgets-democrats-just-rigged-primary-bernie/ Obama Lectures Trump on "Rigged" Elections — Forgets That Democrats Just Rigged Primary Against Bernie]. ''The Gateway Pundit''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref> In addition, the Democrat primary has "superdelegates", who are made up of party leaders and can vote for whomever they want regardless of what the primary voters want.<ref>Resnikoff, Ned (May 16, 2016). [http://www.ibtimes.com/political-capital/why-will-superdelegates-decide-2016-democratic-primary-unearthed-documents-hold Why Will Superdelegates Decide The 2016 Democratic Primary? Unearthed Documents Hold The Key]. ''International Business Times''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref> Even the leftist website [[Salon Media Group]] believed the primary was rigged.<ref>Demoro, Roseann (March 30, 2016). [https://www.salon.com/2016/03/30/10_ways_the_democratic_primary_has_been_rigged_from_the_start_partner/ 10 ways the Democratic primary has been rigged from the start]. ''Salon''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref>

The Democrat Iowa Caucus was very chaotic, poorly run, and whose results were very questionable.<ref>Samuelson, Darren (February 8, 2016). [https://www.politico.com/story/2016/02/how-iowa-democrats-couldnt-handle-a-two-candidate-race-218934 Inside the Iowa caucus chaos]. ''Politico''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref><ref>Tuttle, Ian (February 5, 2016). [https://www.nationalreview.com/article/430878/hillary-clintons-iowa-victory-transparent-irregularities Iowa's Transparently Dishonest Democratic Caucus]. ''National Review''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref><ref>Jacobs, Jennifer (February 3, 2016). [http://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/elections/presidential/caucus/2016/02/02/iowas-nightmare-revisited-correct-winner-called-caucus-night/79702010/ Iowa's nightmare revisited: Was correct winner called?] ''The Des Moines Register''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref> It was reported that the results of 90 precincts, about 5 percent of the vote, went missing.<ref>[http://conservativetribune.com/iowa-caucus-democrat-party/ Iowa Democrat Party Issues Stunning Announcement About Caucus Results]. ''Conservative Tribune''. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</ref>

Donna Brazile, the interim DNC Chair, shared Democrat primary town hall questions to the Clinton campaign in order to help her win the primary.<ref>Shaw, Adam (March 17, 2017). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/03/17/brazile-admits-forwarded-debate-questions-to-clinton-camp.html Brazile admits she forwarded town hall questions to Clinton camp]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved March 17, 2017.</ref><ref>Ernst, Douglas (March 17, 2017). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/mar/17/donna-brazile-admits-leaking-debate-questions-to-c/ Donna Brazile admits leaking debate questions to Clinton camp: 'A mistake I will forever regret']. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved March 17, 2017.</ref> She continued to deny this fact through February 2017<ref>Scarry, Eddie (March 17, 2017). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/donna-brazile-finally-admits-she-shared-debate-questions-with-clinton-campaign/article/2617742 Donna Brazile finally admits she shared debate questions with Clinton campaign]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved March 17, 2017.</ref> and blamed [[Russia]] for the ordeal.<ref>Hudson, Jerome (March 18, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/03/18/donna-brazile-admits-to-sharing-debate-questions-with-clinton-camp-blames-russia/ Donna Brazile Admits to Sharing Debate Questions With Clinton Camp, Blames Russia]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 18, 2017.</ref>

Per election, an individual donor can contribute $2,700 to any candidate, $10,000 to any state party committee, and (during the 2016 cycle) $33,400 to a national party's main account. These groups can all get together and take a single check from a donor for the sum of those contribution limits — it's legal because the donor cannot exceed the base limit for any one recipient. State parties however can make unlimited transfers to the national party.

In 2014 the [[Supreme Court]] made clear in ''McCutcheon v. FEC'', the Joint Finance Committee (JFC) may not solicit or accept contributions to circumvent base limits, through "earmarks" and "straw men" that are ultimately excessive — there are five separate prohibitions.

Six-figure donations to the Clinton machine either never actually passed through state party accounts or were never actually under state party control, which adds false FEC reporting violations by the Hillary Victory Fund (HVF), state parties, and the DNC to other violations.

Donna Brazile and others admitted that the DNC placed the funds under the Clinton campaign's direct control, a massive breach of campaign finance law. Democratic donors, knowing the funds would end up with Clinton's campaign, wrote six-figure checks to influence the election — 100 times larger than allowed. HVF bundled these megagifts and, on a single day, reported transferring money to all participating state parties, some of which would then show up on FEC reports filed by the DNC as transferring the exact same dollar amount on the exact same day to the DNC. Yet not all the state parties reported either receiving or transferring those sums.<ref>https://www.investors.com/politics/commentary/the-anatomy-of-hillary-clintons-84-million-money-laundering-scheme/</ref>
[[File:Sethrich-e1494948876256.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Seth Rich (1989-2016) was a Sanders' supporter who leaked DNC emails to WikiLeaks. His bullet ridden body was found on a dark Washington DC street two weeks before Hillary's nominating convention.]]
Clinton talking points emphasized the idea that US intelligence, the same people who brought you the [[WMD]] debacle, claim Russia and Putin were responsible for the hack of [[DNC]] servers which resulted in the firing of Democratic National Committee Chair [[Debbie Wasserman Schultz]]. This presumably would exonerate anyone connected with the DNC or Clinton campaign from complicity in the Murder of Seth Rich.

The Democratic National Committee (DNC) emails provided by [[Wikileaks]] showed clear [[collusion]] between Clinton, [[mainstream media]] outlets, and the DNC to smear [[Bernie Sanders]]. Thousands of hopeful millennials felt betrayed by the Democratic party. DNC Chair Debbie Wasserman Schultz was forced out on the eve of the convention, less than 24 hours after dozens of emails were published by Wikileaks showing her and her staff rigging the primary elections for Hillary Clinton.

Wikileaks founder [[Julian Assange]] offered $20,000 cash reward for the arrest and conviction of Seth Rich's killers or killer, the alleged [[Whistleblower Statutes|whistleblower]] who provided the DNC emails to Wikileaks and was murdered execution style in early July 2016. Hillary says of Assange in an email, "Can't we just drone this guy?"<ref>http://truepundit.com/under-intense-pressure-to-silence-wikileaks-secretary-of-state-hillary-clinton-proposed-drone-strike-on-julian-assange/</ref> To silence Assange, Wikileaks internet access was cut by the government of Ecuador after the release of Hillary's private paid speech to [[Goldman Sachs]]. Wikileaks Director, Prof. Gavin Macfayden, was found dead the following week. Macfayden's death was the third of a close associate of Assange in 6 months.<ref>https://mobile.twitter.com/wikileaks/status/790004642038050816/photo/1</ref>

===2016 Google interference===
Dr. Robert Epstein of the American Institute for Behavioral Research and Technology testified before Congress that [[Google]] bias and meddling had shifted "between 2.6 million and up to 10.4 million votes" to Hillary Clinton.<ref>https://www.powerlineblog.com/archives/2019/08/psychologist-google-generated-at-least-2-6-million-votes-for-hillary.php</ref>

==2012==
====2012 Experimental voting software, precincts with no Romney votes in PA and OH====
The key battleground states of Pennsylvania and Ohio interestingly had many precincts recording no votes for Romney at all,<ref>Miller, J. (2012, November 12). [https://www.cbsnews.com/8301-250_162-57548626/romney-earned-zero-votes-in-some-urban-precincts Romney Earned Zero Votes In Some Urban Precincts]. CBS News.</ref> this after voting scandals with experimental voting software.<ref>Sherman, E. (2012, November 6). [https://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505124_162-57545531/ohio-faces-controversy-over-voting-machines-update Ohio Faces Controversy Over Voting Machines]. CBS News.</ref>

===2012 Florida===
====Joe Garcia staffer====
The Chief of Staff for Democrat Rep. Joe Garcia resigned in June 2013 for his role in a voter fraud scheme whereby hundreds of absentee ballots were fraudulently submitted. The fraud occurred in an election where Garcia defeated [[Republican Party|Republican]] candidate [[David Rivera]].<ref>(2013, June 2). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/06/02/top-staffer-for-florida-democratic-rep-resigns-amid-voting-fraud-probe Top staffer for Florida Democratic Rep. Garcia resigns amid voting fraud probe]. Associated Press. Prill, K. (2013, July 17). [http://www.nrcc.org/2013/07/17/democrat-hush-money-over-voter-fraud-scandal-in-florida Democrat Hush Money Over Voter Fraud Scandal in Florida?]. National Republican Campaign Committee.</ref>

====Democrat voter suppression====
[[Florida]] Republican voters statewide received letters postmarked from [[Seattle]] saying they weren't eligible to vote.<ref>(2012, October 24). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2012/10/23/fake-voter-registration-letters-raise-alarm-in-florida-with-early-voting-set-to Fake voter registration letters raise alarm in Florida with early voting set to begin]. FOX News.</ref>

===2012 Ohio===
====Melowese Richardson====
Melowese Richardson, an [[Ohio]] Democratic poll worker was one of three Democrats charged with voter fraud.<ref>Shawn, E. (2013, March 11). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/03/11/cincinnati-poll-worker-charged-with-voting-half-dozen-times-in-november Cincinnati poll worker charged with voting half dozen times in November]. FOX News.</ref>
====2012 OH Tea Party obeservers blocked from poll monitoring====
Ohio's Franklin County blocked a [[Tea Party]] group, True the [[Vote]], from monitoring polling places.<ref>Flock, E. (2012, November 6). [https://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/washington-whispers/2012/11/06/true-the-vote-barred-from-operating-in-franklin-county-ohio True The Vote Barred From Operating In Franklin County, Ohio]. FOX News.</ref>

====2012 OH GOP candidates pressured by DNC to withdraw as poll observers====
The Ohio Democratic Party pressured Ohio candidates to withdraw as poll observers.<ref>Gamboa, S., Lush, T., et. al. (2012, November 6). [https://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/politics/july-dec12/pollproblems_11-06.html Poll Problems Cropping Up in Spots Around US]. PBS NewsHour.</ref>

===2012 Pennsylvania===
====2012 GOP polling observers blocked====
In the [[2012 presidential election]], [[Republican]] polling inspectors were blocked from polling places in the Democrat-ruled city. Rob Gleason, chairman of the [[Pennsylvania]] Republican Party, stated, "This was a shameless attempt from the Obama campaign to suppress our legally appointed Republican poll watchers."<ref>Curry, C. & De Vogue, A. (2012, November 6). [https://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/jersey-extends-email-voting-friday-election-workers-inundated/story?id=17653589&page=2 N.J. Extends Email Voting to Friday, Other States Hurry to Fix Polling Problems]. ABC News.</ref> [[Barack Obama]] received 100% of the vote in 59 Philadelphia precincts with zero votes for [[Mitt Romney]].<ref>[http://www.philly.com/philly/news/politics/20121112_In_59_Philadelphia_voting_wards__Mitt_Romney_got_zero_votes.html?mobi=true]</ref>

====Obama Mural At Poll====
In Philadelphia, a mural of Obama at a polling place was covered up after a Republican voter took a picture of it.<ref>Miller, J.R., Berger, J., & Weber, J. (2012, November 6). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2012/11/06/judge-issuing-order-to-reinstate-booted-philadelphia-election-officials Philly poll workers partially cover Obama mural after court order, leaving logo and quote in view]. FOX News.</ref>
===2012 Massachusetts===
====State Rep. Guilty of Forging Absentee Ballots====
A state representative for the Democratic Party, Stephen Smith of Everett, [[Massachusetts]], resigned in December for forging absentee ballots.<ref>(2012, December 20). [http://livewire.talkingpointsmemo.com/entry/mass-democrat-admits-absentee-voter-fraud Mass. Democrat Admits Absentee Voter Fraud]. TPM.</ref> According to the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]], "For those absentee ballots issued to unaware voters, one or more government officials assisted Smith in intercepting the ballots prior to their delivery to the voters’ addresses, and those ballots were cast for the unaware voters."<ref>(2012, December 20). [http://www.fbi.gov/boston/press-releases/2012/massachusetts-state-representative-stephen-smith-agrees-to-plead-guilty-to-voter-fraud-charges Massachusetts State Representative Stephen Smith Agrees to Plead Guilty to Voter Fraud Charges]. FBI. Boston Division.</ref>
===Result===
Obama won narrowly in 3 states with Democrat-influenced voter scandals, which combined equaled 67 electoral votes. If not for those states Obama wouldn't have won.

*Florida: 50.0% to 49.1%, 29 Electoral Votes
*Ohio: 50.1% to 48.2%, 18 Electoral Votes
*Pennsylvania: 52.0% to 46.8%, 20 Electoral Votes

Obama had 332 electoral votes, [[Mitt Romney|Romney]] 206. If those 3 states were overturned (-67 to Obama, +67 to Romney), Romney would lead instead by 273 to 265.<ref>[https://www.politico.com/2012-election/map/#/President/2012/ 2012 Presidential Election]. Politico.</ref>

==2010==
===2010 California Attorney General===
*[[Kamala Harris]] was declared the winner after three weeks by 74,000 with 9.6 million votes cast, or by a margin of about 7/10 of one percent.

===2010 Nevada Senate===
Despite low approval ratings and a strong challenge amid suspicions of voting irregularities, Democrat Majority Leader Harry Reid was declared the winner. Some voters complained that their ballot had been cast before they went to the polls, raising questions about Clark County’s electronic voting machines. Others claimed electronic voting machines switched straight-party ballots from Republican to Democrat.<ref>http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/early-voting-irregularities-create-suspicion-of-fraud/</ref>

==2009==
===2009 New York===
====NYC Officials Plead Guilty of Forging Absentee Ballots====
Democratic voter fraud in New York City led to multiple guilty pleas from Democratic election officials.
{{cquote|"Former Troy Democratic City Clerk William McInerney, Democratic Councilman [[John Brown]], and Democratic political operatives Anthony Renna and Anthony DeFiglio have entered guilty pleas in the case, in which numerous signatures were allegedly forged on absentee ballots in the 2009 Working Families Party primary, the political party that was associated with the now-defunct community group, [[ACORN]]."<ref>Huston, W.T. [http://www.truethevote.org/news/eighth-democrat-named-in-new-york-vote-fraud-probe Eighth Democrat Named in New York Vote Fraud Probe]. True the Vote.</ref>}}

==2008==
[[File:ACORN VOTER FRAUD.JPG|right|275px|thumb|Key: States in red where ACORN has been investigated for voter fraud.]]
:''See also:[[Essay:Evidence for Electoral Fraud in the 2008 Presidential Election|Evidence for Electoral Fraud in the 2008 Presidential Election]]''
===2008 ACORN===
When [[ACORN]] was questioned regarding their tactics, they reply with an attack of their own, [[voter suppression]]. Teresa James, an attorney for ACORN affiliate Project Vote says, "they don't have the resources," to catch all fraud. However, ACORN has the money to air commercials nationwide. In it, blaming racism and vote suppression, not ACORN.<ref>[http://www.cleveland.com/plaindealer/stories/index.ssf?/base/cuyahoga/122345478771640.xml&coll=2 Voter-registration can't be totally fraud-free, group says], [[The Plain Dealer]], October 08, 2008</ref>

It was believed that ACORN has helped register over 1.27 million people nationwide. Michael Slater, executive director of Project Vote, told the [[New York Times]] that the real number of newly registered [[voters]] is closer to 450,000. About 400,000 registrations were rejected by election officials for a variety of reasons including fraud.<ref>[https://www.newsmax.com/insidecover/acorn_numbers_exaggerated/2008/10/24/143773.html ACORN Numbers Vastly Exaggerated] NewsMax, October 24, 2008</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/24/us/politics/24acorn.html Group’s Tally of New Voters Was Vastly Overstated], [[The New York Times]], October 24, 2008</ref>

* [[Nevada]] officials raided ACORN's [[Las Vegas]] office after election authorities accused the group of submitting multiple voter registrations with fake and duplicate names. Among the bogus monikers: names of former [[Dallas Cowboys]] players.

* Lake County, Ind., election officials this month rejected thousands of registration forms ACORN had turned in from its drives. On a conference call yesterday, [[GOP]] officials noted that up to 11,000 of the applications were no good - tying up election officials and jeopardizing the voting rights of untold victims whose identities may have been stolen. At least 2,100 of the applications turned in were rejected.<ref>[http://www.capitalresearch.org/blog/?p=1443 A Perfect Score for ACORN in Indiana!]</ref>

* ACORN vote canvassers had pulled names and addresses from phone books and forged signatures. According to a local paper (the Northwest [[Indiana]] and Illinois Times), "Large numbers of voter registration forms bore signatures all in the same apparent handwriting style" and "apparently the organization's canvassers broke rules to meet ACORN-set voter registration quotas to get paid." The fake registrants include dead people and underage kids. Also, there were 5000 more voter registrations in Indiana than voters.

* [[Milwaukee]], Wisc., officials discovered at least seven felons employed as voter-registration workers for ACORN and another affiliated group. (State law bans felons from such work.) They also uncovered a raft of problematic voter-registration cards. The state GOP accuses the group of trying to get dead, imprisoned or imaginary people on the voter rolls. Fraud has plagued ACORN's Milwaukee chapter since the last election cycle. 26 ACORN workers are facing criminal investigations.

* In [[Florida]], in Orange County alone, ACORN workers turned in multiple, copycat forms for six separate voters over the summer. The Miami Herald reports: "One individual had 21 duplicate applications."

* In Ohio, large numbers of homeless people got free van and bus rides to register. Shelby Holliday, a reporter for Palestra.net, filmed ACORN shuttling in some prospects. Homeless including felons were registered with an undocumented temporary address.<ref>[http://www.nypost.com/seven/10082008/postopinion/opedcolumnists/the_pro_barack_vote_fraud_drive_132618.htm?page=0 THE PRO-BARACK VOTE-FRAUD DRIVE], [[New York Post]], October 8, 2008</ref> Also, Christopher Barkley claimed that they were hounded by the community-activist group ACORN to register to vote several times, even though they made it clear they'd already signed up. He had registered to vote "10 to 15" times after canvassers for ACORN relentlessly pursued him and others. A subpoenaed voter of Cuyahoga County, Freddie Johnson, 19, filled out registration cards 72 times over 18 months<ref>[http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/2101201/posts NUTS! HOW ACORN GOT ME INTO VOTE SCAM], [[New York Post]]</ref> On October 14, 2008, the Buckeye Institute filed a RICO suit against ACORN for vote fraud.<ref>[http://www.capitalresearch.org/blog/?p=1502 ACORN Faces "RICO" Lawsuit in Ohio]</ref>

* In [[Pennsylvania]], The Allegheny County district attorney said Thursday that criminal charges could result from nearly 100 fraudulent voter registrations submitted in the Pittsburgh area.<ref>[http://obamaacorn.com/acorn-may-face-new-charges-in-pa-update-video-added-hotair/ ACORN may face new charges in PA] ObamaAcorn.com, October 10, 2008</ref>

* In [[Michigan]], Oakland County election officials found more than 33,000 duplicate registrations, about two-thirds of new applications since August and ACORN canvassers submitted most of those applications.<ref>[https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/oct/10/obama-camp-downplays-ACORN-payments/?page=2 Obama camp downplays ACORN payments], [[Washington Times]], October 10, 2008</ref>

* Evidence has surfaced that ACORN and Barack Obama are intimately linked. The article, “Case Study: Chicago-The Barack Obama Campaign,” which appeared in the Winter 2003-Spring 2004 issue of Social Policy magazine, was written by ACORN organizer Toni Foulkes.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081023000508/http://www.capitalresearch.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/chicago-the-barack-obama-campaign.pdf Case Study: Chicago - The Barack Obama Campaign]</ref>

*The [[New York Times]] admitted in May 2009, that prior to the presidential election it killed a story involving corruption allegations with Acorn that might have hurt the Obama presidential campaign. The admission came from a column by Clark Hoyt, where he describe the allegations against the Obama campaign and Acorn as "nonsense." <ref>[http://spectator.org/blog/2009/05/18/new-york-times-finally-admits New York Times Finally Admits It Spiked Obama/ACORN Corruption Story], [[American Spectator]] May 18, 2009</ref>

===2008 Minnesota===
[[File:alfrankendiapers.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Sen. Al Franken.]]
Marc Elias represented [[Al Franken]] in [[Minnesota]]. The recount may have been decided by convicted [[felon]]s who voted illegally. A study conducted by Minnesota Majority watchdog group found that at least 341 convicted felons in largely Democratic [[Minneapolis]]-[[St. Paul (City)|St. Paul]] voted illegally in the 2008 Senate race. The felons were registered by [[ACORN]].

The final recount determined six months after the election showed Franken beat Coleman by 312 votes -- '''''fewer votes than the number of felons whose illegal ballots were counted''''' which matched publicly available conviction lists with voting records. Even though it could be determined that felons illegally voted, there was no way to determine ''how'' they voted with a secret ballot. Once their votes were mixed in with the total, there is no way to separate them out. The same loophole can be used for non-citizens' voting. This is what is meant by the slogan, "Count every vote."

The watchdog group took the voting lists and matched them with conviction lists, then went to the voting roster lists, where voters sign in before voting, and matched them.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2010/07/12/felons-voting-illegally-franken-minnesota-study-finds/ Felons Voting Illegally May Have Put Franken Over the Top in Minnesota, Study Finds]</ref>

[[Ann Coulter]] said,
{{quotebox|"He stole the 2008 election in Minnesota, going from a thousand votes down the day after the election to 300 votes up a few months later, after vast numbers of Franken votes kept being discovered in heavily Democratic districts. As economist [[John Lott]] pointed out at the time, the magically appearing votes for Franken were a statistical impossibility."<ref>http://www.anncoulter.com/columns/2013-10-30.html</ref>}}

===2008 Philadelphia===
The city of Philadelphia has a majority of voters affiliated with the [[Democrat Party]]. As of November, 2008, there are 1,126,768 registered voters in Philadelphia. Of those, 880,684 are registered with the Democrat Party, and 147,074 are registered with the [[Republican Party]].<ref>http://www.dos.state.pa.us/elections/cwp/view.asp?A=1310&Q=446974</ref> Despite overwhelming evidence of [[voter suppression]] by [[New Black Panther Party]] members Minister King Samir Shabazz, Malik Zulu Sha-Bazz, and Jerry Jackson at a Philadelphia polling office, they were acquitted with minimal charges by the [[U.S. Department of Justice]], then under [[Attorney General]] [[Eric Holder]]. Holder, when questioned about his rationale, said he didn't want to prosecute "my people" (thus implying that he holds bias against white voters and for minorities, and that attempts to bring justice to people who violated the [[Voting Rights Act]] is comparable to what happened to Blacks in Charleston during the Civil Rights era).<ref>http://www.examiner.com/article/eric-holder-focus-on-black-panther-voter-intimidation-case-demeans-my-people</ref>

==2006==
===2006 DSCC scandal===

During the 2006 U.S. Senate election', the [[Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee]] illegally obtained a copy of the credit report of the Lieutenant Governor of Maryland, [[Michael S. Steele]], a Republican senatorial candidate, posing as him and using his social security number.

==2004==
===John Kerry===
In 2007 the Federal Election Commission fined the Kerry campaign $1.3 million for spending more than federal rules allow during his 2004 Presidential bid. In order to receive public funds, Kerry, a former Democrat senator from Massachusetts, and his running mate, former North Carolina Sen. [[John Edwards]], agreed to spend $74.6 million or less on their general election campaign against President Bush.<ref>https://www.politico.com/news/stories/0507/4269.html</ref><ref>[https://www.fec.gov/agenda/2007/mtgdoc07-37.pdf Agenda Document No. 07-37], Federal Election Commission, Washington, D.C., May 21, 2007.</ref> In 2009 the FEC fined a [[George Soros]]-backed group $775,000 for its unregulated spending during the 2004 election on behalf of Democrats, including Democratic Presidential candidate [[John F. Kerry]].<ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/2100-501563_162-3222390.html</ref>

===2004 ACORN===
* The Wall Street Journal noted: “In Ohio in 2004, a worker for one affiliate was given crack cocaine in exchange for fraudulent registrations that included underage voters, dead [[voters]] and pillars of the community named Mary Poppins, Dick Tracy and Jive Turkey. During a [[congressional]] hearing in Ohio in the aftermath of the 2004 election, officials from several counties in the state explained ACORN’s practice of dumping thousands of registration forms in their lap on the submission deadline, even though the forms had been collected months earlier.” Acorn workers have been convicted of fraud in Wisconsin and Colorado.<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB116251922202112150 The Acorn Indictments], [[Wall Street Journal]]</ref>

* In March, [[Philadelphia]] elections officials accused the nonprofit advocacy group of filing fraudulent voter registrations in advance of the April 22nd Pennsylvania primary.

* In July, ACORN settled the largest case of voter fraud in the history of [[Washington]] State. Seven ACORN workers had submitted nearly 2,000 bogus voter registration forms. According to case records, they flipped through phone books for names to use on the forms, including “Leon Spinks,” “Frekkie Magoal” and “Fruto Boy Crispila.” Three ACORN election hoaxers pleaded guilty in October.

* In 2004, ACORN registered illegal immigrant Nuradin Abdi. He was the suspected Ohio shopping mall bomb plotter from Somalia, according to the Columbus Dispatch.<ref>[https://www.newsmax.com/newsfront/minutemen_illegal_voting/2008/10/30/145903.html Minutemen Muster Nationally to Foil Illegal Voting] [[NewsMax]], October 30, 2008</ref>

==2000==
===2000 Florida Recount===
[[Image:Goregaia.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Gore, an environmental cultist, pursued a hapless attempt to stuff the ballot box during recounts as vengeance against Republicans for the impeachment of Bill Clinton.]]
:{{See also|Bush v. Gore}}
The legacy TV networks, in a rush to be the first to present results, made false calls in Florida. Each network used the same exit poll data, which contained a small math error for Florida. The networks first called Florida for Gore, then for Bush. They should have said it was too close to call. Worse (and some believe, deliberately), the networks called Florida after the polls closed in the Eastern Time Zone part of the state (which is heavily Democrat-leaning) but while they were still open in the Central Time Zone part (the Florida panhandle, which is heavily Republican due to the large military bases located there).

One of the potential keys to Gore losing Florida was the unusual style of paper ballot used in Palm Beach County, a South Florida county which has a large Jewish population and is historically a Democrat stronghold.

The ballot style required voters to choose their choice for President/Vice President by punching paper ballots; however, instead of listing all the candidates on one side, the candidates were listed on alternating sides of the ballot (in larger print to assist the large number of elderly voters; the alternating list gave rise to the "[[butterfly ballot]]" nickname). The top of the line showing "Gore-Lieberman", however, overlapped with the ballot punch hole for the Reform Party ticket of "[[Pat Buchanan]]-Ezola Foster"; notwithstanding a clearly-marked arrow directing voters to the correct punch hole, Buchanan (considered by many a notorious anti-Semite) received an unusually high number of votes in a county with a sizeable Jewish population.

The final official recount in Florida showed Bush the winner by 537 votes. Gore supporters asked the Florida state Supreme Court to again recount votes in some counties where they thought Gore might add votes, but to ignore counties where they thought Bush would gain. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled this strategy illegal, and the result was accepted by Gore, who indeed announced the Florida vote for Bush in his role as Vice President.

The campaigns of both [[Ralph Nader]] on the [[Green Party]] ticket and [[Pat Buchanan]] on the [[Reform Party]] ticket gained some media attention during the campaign. Gore's affiliation with Clinton and the [[racist]] [[DLC]] machine<ref>http://www.blackcommentator.com/46/46_cover.html</ref> caused critics—Green Party progressive candidate [[Ralph Nader]] in particular—to assert that Bush and Gore were too similar, especially on free trade, reductions in social welfare, and the death penalty. "We want to punish the Democrats, we want to hurt them, wound them," Nader's closest advisor said.<ref>Harry G. Levinem "Ralph Nader, Suicide Bomber." ''The Village Voice'' May 3, 2004 at [http://www.villagevoice.com/news/0418,levine,53179,1.html]</ref> With the election so close leftists speculated that they had "caused" the result. Democrats never forgave Nader.

There has also been much speculation on what might have happened if there had been recounts under different rules. A consortium of newspapers did an investigation of multiple scenarios. They concluded Gore would have won in some versions and Bush in other versions; ironically, Bush would have won under the recounts that Gore had proposed. In a rare situation in Presidential elections, Al Gore lost his home state of [[Tennessee]] to George Bush. Had he carried that state, the whole question of how Florida voted would have been moot.

====Equal protection violations====
:{{See also|Bush v. Gore}}
The recount standard was done differently from county to county and sometimes from counting team to counting team.<ref>Strauss, David. ''The Vote: Bush, Gore, & the Supreme Court''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</ref> The Supreme court overturned that plan 7 to 2, and then in a 5 to 4 decision ruled that the time to find additional recounts method had passed. In effect, this solidified the results as they had been recorded, allowing George W. Bush to claim victory and enter the [[President of the United States of America|Presidency]].

In an unsigned per curiam decision, the court explained that state legislative power to choose electors, as conferred by the Constitution, can be taken by state legislatures at any time:<ref>https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/00-949.ZPC.html</ref>
{{cquote|The State, of course, after granting the franchise in the special context of Article II, can take back the power to appoint electors. See id., at 35 (“[T]here is no doubt of the right of the legislature to resume the power at any time, for it can neither be taken away nor abdicated”) (quoting S. Rep. No. 395, 43d Cong., 1st Sess.).}}
Independent news agencies later did their own recounts, trying to simulate how the Florida court might have done it. They found that under most scenarios, the recounts would have favored Bush, but that the court could have manipulated the process to declare Gore the winner.<ref>Kaus, Mickey. "Everything the New York Times Thinks About the Florida Recount Is Wrong!". Slate. 13 November 2001. [http://www.slate.com/?id=2058603 http://www.slate.com/?id=2058603]. Accessed 10 November 2009.</ref>

==1996==
===Stuffing the ballot box with illegal votes===

In his new book, Sellout: ''The Inside Story of President Clinton’s Impeachment'', David P. Schippers, former Chief Counsel for the House Judiciary Committee, details his investigation of abuses surrounding the Citizenship USA program.<ref>https://cis.org/Report/Injustice-All-Excerpt-Sellout-Inside-Story-President-Clintons-Impeachment</ref> Schippers and staff focused on the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), which appeared to be running out of control. Investigations by the [[General Accounting Office]] (GAO) and congressional committees indicated that the White House used the INS to further its political agenda. A blatant politicization of the agency took place during the 1996 presidential campaign when the White House pressured the INS into expediting its "Citizenship USA" (CUSA) program to grant citizenship to thousands of aliens that the White House counted as likely Democratic voters. To ensure maximum impact, the INS concentrated on aliens in key states — California, Florida, Illinois, New York, New Jersey, and Texas — that hold a combined 181 electoral votes, just 89 short of the total needed to win the election.

The program was placed under the direction of Vice President Al Gore. The Judiciary Committee staff received from the GAO a few e-mails indicating Gore’s role in the plan. He was responsible for keeping the pressure on, to make sure the aliens were pushed through by September 1, 1996 the last day to register for the presidential election. Schipper's investigation uncovered a case study evidencing what is known as "Chicago Politics." The Democrats circumvented normal procedures for the naturalization process — procedures that check backgrounds and weed out criminals — and consequently they were handing out citizenship papers to questionable characters.

The possibility of using CUSA apparently occurred to the White House in February 1996, when [[Henry Cisneros]], then [[Secretary of Housing and Urban Development]], forwarded a memo to President Clinton. The memo, from the California Active Citizenship Campaign (ACC), complained of a backlog of alien applications for naturalization in Los Angeles. It contained the magic words: "INS inaction [on the backlog] will deny 300,000 Latinos the right to vote in the 1996 presidential elections [sic] in California."

The memo outlined the services that the Industrial Areas Foundation (IAF) in Los Angeles could provide. The IAF offered thousands of volunteers to help process voter applications, register thousands of new voters, conduct 5,000 house meetings, encourage voting by mail, and get more than 50,000 occasional voters out to vote in the presidential election. Most interesting were the promises that the IAF would "create voter interest around issues of Affirmative Action and Minimum Wage, . . . influence 300,000 voters in the preparation for Nov. 1996, . . . produce 5,000 precinct leaders and turn out 96,000 voters for the 1996 presidential election."

Documents show that President Clinton asked Doug Farbrother of the National Performance Review (NPR) staff to look into removing barriers to citizenship not only in Los Angeles but also in San Francisco, Chicago, New York, and Miami — major cities in four swing states. In a memo to the President, Farbrother stated that "we can reduce — but not eliminate -- the risk of controversy over our motives by appointing one of our proven NPR reinventors as Deputy INS Commissioner . . . As part of the official INS management team, our reinventor would have more direct influence and the INS staff would be less likely to go public with complaints than they would over the interference of an outsider." The memo observed that "reinventors" should be put in many other agencies, as well, to replace leaders who "don’t ‘get it.’" Farbrother recommended, "[t]o get anywhere near a million applicants naturalized" by summer’s end, the administration would have "to force some serious ‘reinvention’ on INS."

Farbrother and the NPR won the assignment of getting the INS to process more than a million applicants by the end of the summer. As early as March 1996, GAO documents reveal, he was reporting his efforts, recommendations, and results to Al Gore. Farbrother reported how he had told the INS and the Justice Department to waive "stupid rules," and he told Gore that unless reforms were implemented, the backlog wouldn’t be "processed in time."

As Farbrother noted in a March 22, 1996 e-mail to Gore, he had told INS Deputy Commissioner Chris Sale and Deputy Attorney General [[Jamie Gorelick]] "to delegate broad authority to the managers in" New York, Chicago, Miami, San Francisco, and Los Angeles. But the INS and the Justice Department were not immediately complying with his demands, he said. Keeping the pressure on, Farbrother sent Sale a fax reiterating how important this delegation was in order "to get the results the Vice President wants." In the fax he also commented, "I need you or Doris [Meissner] to sign something like the attached," referring to a memo giving those INS district directors "full authority to waive, suspend, or deviate from DOJ and INS nonstatutory policies, regulations, and procedures provided you operate within the confines of the law."

The White House wanted any applicant for citizenship to be naturalized in time to register for the November 1996 election, so the pressure on the INS was constant. On March 21 Elaine Kamarck in the Vice President’s office sent an e-mail to Farbrother saying: "THE PRESIDENT IS SICK OF THIS AND WANTS ACTION. IF NOTHING MOVES TODAY WE’LL HAVE TO TAKE SOME PRETTY DRASTIC MEASURES." Farbrother responded, "I favor drastic measures." If he couldn’t get what he wanted from the INS, he wrote, he would "call for heavy artillery."

In a March 26, 1996 e-mail to Goret, Farbrother reported that Chris Sale has indeed "delegated hiring authority to the five cities and increased their budgets by 20 percent." But, he wrote, "I still don’t think the city directors have enough freedom to do the job." Two days later Farbrother told Gore by e-mail, "[U]nless we blast INS headquarters loose from their grip on the frontline managers, we are going to have way too many people still waiting for citizenship in November." He added, "I can’t make Doris Meissner delegate broad authority to her field managers. Can you?"

Gore answered, "We’ll explore it. Thanks." By the end of March, INS Commissioner Doris Meissner capitulated. On April 4, 1996, Elaine Kamarck, to prepare Gore for a lunch with Clinton, drafted a memo briefing Gore on the INS progress. In time, Newark, New Jersey, and Houston, Texas, would be added to the list of targeted cities, and in all, more than a million aliens would be naturalized in time to vote in the 1996 election.

The INS district office in Chicago, which Gore had visited in 1996 to check on the registration progress, some of the most flagrant and critical breakdown occurred in fingerprint checks. Federal regulations require that, for an alien to obtain citizenship, his application for naturalization (citizenship) must be accompanied by a complete set of the alien’s fingerprints. The fingerprint cards are then sent to the FBI to determine if the applicant has a criminal or arrest record. The law provides that an application may be denied if the alien has a serious criminal record or if he falsely denies ever having been arrested, even if he was never convicted.

In the INS district offices, the alien applicant for naturalization cannot be scheduled for a personal interview until at least 60 days after the application is submitted. This delay is specifically intended to allow sufficient time for an FBI fingerprint check. If the check reveals an arrest record identification, the arrest report is inserted in the alien’s file prior to the interview. An arrest record does not automatically result in a denial of citizenship, but it alerts an examiner to spend additional time questioning the applicant and to request that he furnish further information.

If there is no criminal arrest record in the file prior to the interview, the examiner will assume that none exists. For that reason, the INS has always considered the FBI fingerprint check to be the only practical way of preventing violent felons, dope peddlers, and the like from obtaining citizenship. Any breakdown in the collecting, checking, and reporting of the fingerprints can cause a breakdown of the entire process. Judiciary investigators discovered that FBI arrest records that were being sent to the Chicago INS office simply were not being inserted into the aliens’ files. As a result, aliens with criminal records were being granted citizenship. Just prior to the 1996 voter registration deadline, a box was discovered in the Chicago INS office containing nearly five thousand FBI arrest reports — reports that had arrived in time but had been ignored.

The White House, the INS, and the Justice Department publicly denied any political motive in the CUSA program to expedite the citizenship procedure. What the United States got is undeniable: more than 75,000 new citizens who had arrest records when they applied; an additional 115,000 citizens whose fingerprints were unclassifiable for various technical reasons and were never resubmitted; and another 61,000 people who were given citizenship with no fingerprints submitted at all.

What we had here was a perfect example of the Clinton-Gore administration’s overarching political philosophy: "The ends justify the means," coupled with "win at any cost." It was a philosophy of governance that, as our investigations into other areas proceeded, we would find repeated again and again.

When the results of the KPMG Peat Marwick audit were made public, the INS and Justice vowed to remedy the situation, root out the felons, and revoke erroneously awarded citizenship. Everyone congratulated the administration for acting so quickly — and then promptly forgot about it.

In June 1998, the Judiciary Committee continued the investigation of CUSA. Interest intensified when they heard that a similar plan was in the works for the 2000 presidential election.

In the course of the investigation, they discovered that FBI arrest records were still missing from the proper files; many were still in boxes. They unearthed that several individuals who had been naturalized illegally were now trying to sponsor their relatives for citizenship. They found sponsors unable to speak a word of English, a condition that should have prevented naturalization. Similarly, they uncovered arrest records or other information that should have been disqualifiers for naturalization. INS agents who had found these irregularities were ordered to ignore them and to revoke citizenship only in cases ordered by the auditors.

Thousands of criminals are now citizens of the United States because it was assumed they would vote for Bill Clinton and Al Gore.

===Chinagate 2.0===
{{See also|Chinagate fundraising scandal}}
The Chinagate was a campaign finance controversy in which the Clintons illegally took money from foreign governments and military establishments. Like the Nixon administration, however, it was impossible to get the government to investigate itself, at least to any acceptable or just conclusion before the Clintons term of office was up.

Agents of China sought to give contributions to the Democratic National Committee (DNC) before the [[United States presidential election, 1996|1996 presidential campaign]] in violation of US law barring non-American citizens from donating money to American politicians and political parties.<ref>Woodward, Bob and Duffy, Brian, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/campfin/stories/china1.htm "Chinese Embassy Role In Contributions Probed"], ''Washington Post'', February 13, 1997.</ref>

An unclassified [[United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs|U.S. Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs]] report issued in 1998 stated that both James Riady and his father Mochtar "had a long-term relationship with a Chinese intelligence agency." According to journalist [[Bob Woodward]], details of the relationship came from highly classified intelligence information supplied to the committee by both the CIA and [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]].<ref name="washingtonpost.com">Woodward, Bob, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/campfin/stories/cf021098.htm "Findings Link Clinton Allies to Chinese Intelligence"], ''Washington Post'', Feb. 10, 1998.</ref>
[[File:MOCTAR.JPG|right|300px|thumb|Hillary Clinton with Mochtar Riady at a fundraiser during the [[Chinagate]] scandal. Mochtar Riady, along with Bill Clinton's financial godfather Jackson Stephens, brought the [[BCCI]] to America, a front for international dope dealers and arms traffickers.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=hk7XCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT61&lpg=PT61&dq=mochtar+riady+bcci&source=bl&ots=58F2SxmNWF&sig=ZV6dddrtUdo7dmmCfjVhgQZOuLE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpwvS7mvDTAhVH9mMKHc_MC5QQ6AEINzAG#v=onepage&q=mochtar%20riady%20bcci&f=false]</ref>]]
The relationship between John Huang, the Riady Family, and the Clintons, goes back to the late 1970s in Little Rock, Arkansas. The patriarch of the family, Mochtar Riady, is an [[Indonesia]]n of [[Chinese]] descent who built up the Lippo Group empire. In the mid-1970s, Mochtar Riady planned to expand his business into the United States and began looking for partners. He met the Stephens family of Arkansas and entered into various joint ventures with Stephens Inc.

The Stephens family were in fact the original owners of the American branch of the notorious [[Bank of Credit and Commerce International]] (BCCI) in a joint venture with the Riady's in the late 1970s and 1980s.<ref>mlhttps://fas.org/irp/congress/1992_rpt/bcci/06early.htm</ref> It was shut down in the early 1990s in an enormous worldwide criminal money laundering scandal.

In Little Rock the Riadys met then-Governor Bill Clinton and financially supported Clinton's gubernatorial campaigns throughout the 1980s.

After Riady pledged $1 million in support of then-Governor Clinton's campaign for the presidency 1992, contributions made by Huang had been reimbursed with funds wired from a foreign Lippo Group entity into an account Riady maintained at Lippo Bank and then distributed to Huang in cash. Also, contributions made by Lippo Group entities operating in the United States were reimbursed with wire transfers from foreign Lippo Group entities.<ref name="James Riady Pleads Guilty">[http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/2001/January/017crm.htm "James Riady Pleads Guilty"], Department of Justice, press release, January 11, 2001.</ref><ref name="cnn.com">[https://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1999/08/12/huang.sentence/ "Former Democratic fund-raiser John Huang pleads guilty"], ''CNN.com'', Aug. 12, 1999.</ref>

Huang visited the White House 78 times while working as a DNC fund-raiser.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1997/gen/resources/infocus/fundraising.flap/time9610.html "The Democratic Fund-Raising Flap: Timeline"], ''CNN.com'', July 1, 1997.</ref> James Riady visited the White House 20 times including 6 personal visits with President Clinton.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1997/gen/resources/infocus/fundraising.flap/characters.html "The Democratic Fund-Raising Flap: Cast of Characters"], ''CNN.com'', July 1, 1997.</ref> As a key fund-raiser he raised $3.4 million for the party.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/campfin/players/huang.htm "Campaign Finance Key Player: John Huang"], ''Washington Post'', July 27, 1997.</ref>

Immediately prior to joining the DNC, Huang worked in the Clintons' [[Commerce Department]] as deputy assistant secretary for international economic affairs giving him access to classified intelligence on China.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/US/9905/25/cox.report.highlights/ "Highlights of U.S. report on alleged China spying"], ''CNN.com'', May 25, 1999.</ref>

Under questioning by Sen. Don Nickles during congressional investigations Clinton private investigator Terry Lenzner identified [[Cody Shearer]] as a liaison between Lenzner's firm, Investigative Group International, and the Cheyenne-Arapaho tribe. The tribe had donated more than $100,000 to the Democratic Party hoping that the Clinton administration would intervene on the tribes behalf in a dispute over drilling rights on tribal land. Lenzner's firm had been hired by the Clintons to discredit Paula Jones, Kathleen Willey, Monica Lewinsky and others, and had been retained to uncover compromising links between Sen. Don Nickles-opposed the tribe's claims—and local oil interests.<ref>https://www.weeklystandard.com/the-other-secret-dossier/article/2011477</ref>

==1992==
According to [[Wikipedia]], [[Bill Clinton]] engaged in [[voter suppression]] by appearing at several [[Massachusetts]] polling locations, which caused voters hours of delay and inhibited traffic.<ref>http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/2016/03/01/did-bill-clinton-violate-election-rules-venturing-into-polling-location/PH4FIH9jCKYKf6Fzyvfz2N/story.html</ref> Clinton was allegedly electioneering within 150 feet of the polling locations, which is also illegal according to Massachusetts state law.<ref>http://www.medfordma.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/ELECTIONSummary.pdf</ref>

===Chinagate 1.0===
An unclassified [[United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs|U.S. Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs]] report issued in 1998 stated that both James Riady and his father Mochtar "had a long-term relationship with a Chinese intelligence agency." According to journalist [[Bob Woodward]], details of the relationship came from highly classified intelligence information supplied to the committee by both the CIA and [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]].<ref name="washingtonpost.com"/>

The relationship between John Huang, the Riady Family, and the Clintons, goes back to the late 1970s in Little Rock, Arkansas. The patriarch of the family, Mochtar Riady, is an [[Indonesia]]n of [[Chinese]] descent who built up the Lippo Group empire. In the mid-1970s, Mochtar Riady planned to expand his business into the United States and began looking for partners. He met the Stephens family of Arkansas headed by Witt Stephens<ref>http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=1773</ref> and entered into various joint ventures with Stephens Inc.

In Little Rock the Riadys met then-Governor [[Bill Clinton]] and financially supported Clinton's gubernatorial campaigns throughout the 1980s.

It was through the Lippo-Stephens partnership that James Riady came to Arkansas to assist with their joint venture, [[Worthen Banking Corporation]].<ref>Simultaneously with the Rose Law Firms's shredding of documents related to Whitewater and the death of Vince Foster, the Worthern Bank suffered a fire destroying all its documents relating to loans made to the Clinton's and their election campaigns. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1994/04/23/whitewater-weirdness/2422e03b-eb40-4816-936d-86ccc50f6a6c/</ref>

Other corrupt individuals involved include Charlie Trie,<ref>[https://abcnews.go.com/International/fbi-arrests-chinese-millionaire-tied-clinton-scandal/story?id=33990683, FBI Arrests Chinese Millionaire Once Tied to Clinton $$ Scandal], [[ABC News]]</ref> Johnny Chung,<ref>[https://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/new-clinton-scandal-mirrors-chinagate-say-analysts New Clinton Scandal Mirrors 'Chinagate,' Say Analysts], [[CNSNews]]</ref> and Wang Jun.<ref>[https://www.wnd.com/1999/05/7050/ Chinagate's smoking gun], [[WND]]</ref>

Following James Riady was John Huang. Shortly after Riady pledged $1 million in support of then-Governor Clinton's campaign for the presidency 1992, contributions made by Huang had been reimbursed with funds wired from a foreign Lippo Group entity into an account Riady maintained at Lippo Bank and then distributed to Huang in cash. Also, contributions made by Lippo Group entities operating in the United States were reimbursed with wire transfers from foreign Lippo Group entities.<ref name="James Riady Pleads Guilty"/><ref name="cnn.com"/>

One of the world's wealthiest people,[28] Ng Lap Seng, a billionaire [[real estate]] developer from [[Macau]], also is among the offshore owners in the leaked [[Panama Papers]] documents.

Ng was on friendly terms with Bill Clinton when he was president, visiting the [[White House]] ten times between 1994 and 1996.[31] Using a [[proxy]], Ng [[illegal]]ly contributed $1 million to the [[Democratic National Committee]] and the Clinton-Gore campaign of 1996; his proxy was arrested, but Ng escaped criminal charges.[31]

==1976==
===1976 election fraud in Pennsylvania and Ohio===
:{{See also|United States presidential election, 1976}}
[[Jimmy Carter]] won Ohio by 11,000 votes and carried its 25 electoral votes. [[Gerald Ford]] performed poorest in [[Cleveland]] and Cuyahoga county. No fewer than 3 Democrats appeared on the ballot as third party candidates. Third party [[leftist]]s received votes as follows: [[Eugene McCarthy]] 58,258, [[Lester Maddox]] 15,529, [[Gus Hall]] 7,817, and [[Lyndon LaRouche]] 4,335.

Carter won Pennsylvania and its 27 electoral votes. Carter won Allegheny county by 23,000 votes.

[[File:John Kennedy texas.png|right|300px|thumb|John Kennedy was elected using the same Southern Strategy FDR did by putting a Texan on the ticket.<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23535517?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents John F. Kennedy's Southern Strategy, 1956-1960], Guy Paul Land, ''The North Carolina Historical Review'', Vol. 56, No. 1 (January, 1979), pp. 41-63.</ref>]]
==1960==
===1960 election fraud in Texas and Illinois===
:{{See also|United States presidential election, 1960}}
Voter fraud in Democrat vice presidential candidate Lyndon Johnson's home state of [[Texas]] and in the corrupt Cook County, Illinois Democrat machine of mayor [[Richard J. Daley]] swung the presidential election to [[John F. Kennedy]]. The final margin in the popular vote was fewer than one vote per precinct in American. Republican presidential candidate [[Richard Nixon]] did not possess a lust for personal power at the expense of creating further divisions among the American people in what was already the closest election in history, and chose not to contest the results.

==1958==
[[File:Lawrence Brooks Hays portrait.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Rep. Brooks Hays was denied re-election by election fraud tactics.]]
===1958 U.S. House election in Arkansas' 5th district===
[[L. Brooks Hays]], a [[segregation]]ist though racial moderate from [[Arkansas]], ran for re-election in the [[1958 Midterm Elections|1958 midterms]]. After refusing to take either side in the Little Rock crisis, the more staunchly segregationist [[Dale Alford]], a Little Rock opthamologist, challenged him in the general election as a nominal [[Independent voters|Independent]] running on Democrat credentials.<ref name=brookshaysbio>Day, John Kyle. [https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/lawrence-brooks-hays-506/ Lawrence Brooks Hays (1898–1981)]. ''Encyclopedia of Arkansas''. Retrieved October 10, 2021.</ref> Alford's write-in campaign ultimately denied Hays re-election by a narrow margin.<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=126042 AR District 5 Race - Nov 04, 1958]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved October 10, 2021.</ref>

According to the Encyclopedia of Arkansas:<ref name=brookshaysbio/>
{{cquote|Alford used legally questionable stickers attached to ballots, as well as other irregularities, to achieve this major upset.}}

==1952==
===Kefauver v. Stevenson===
[[Tennessee]] Sen. [[Estes Kefauver]] won twelve of the then fifteen presidential party primaries, but the nomination went to the choice of the party bosses, [[Illinois]] Gov. [[Adlai Stevenson]]. These bosses including President [[Harry Truman]], strongly disliked Kefauver; his investigations of organized crime had revealed connections between [[Mafia]] figures and many of the big-city Democratic political machines. The party bosses thus viewed Kefauver as a maverick who could not be trusted, and they refused to support him for the nomination.<ref name="McKeever, p. 186">(McKeever, p. 186)</ref>

==1948==
[[File:LBJ by Shoumatoff.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Lyndon Johnson]]
===1948 Texas Senate===
In 1948, [[Lyndon Johnson]], an obscure congressman opposed to [[President Harry Truman]]’s civil rights program and was a supporter of what he called “the anti-Communist Taft- Hartley labor bill,” was running for the Democratic Senate nomination in [[Texas]]. In those days obtaining the Democratic nomination was tantamount to winning the general election.

Johnson ran against the [[Dixiecrat]] governor [[Coke Stevenson]] and several others. When the returns were in, the popular Stevenson had 71,000 more votes than Johnson but he lacked a majority in the crowded field. This necessitated a runoff. In the runoff Johnson again trailed Stevenson.

[[George Parr]], the Democratic boss of Duval County, Texas ruled three counties in southeast Texas — Duval, Jim Wells, and Zapata. This oil-rich brush country was an area inhabited largely by Mexican-Americans. Parr paid their poll taxes, got them jobs, was generous with gifts to their sick and needy, and used them to vote. Parr collected payoffs from construction companies, brothels, moonshine and gambling businesses. In 1936, he went to prison for income tax evasion.

Parr only appeared in public surrounded by tough looking goons. It literally was suicide to oppose him. ''The New York Times'' reported, “Only Federal agents and Texas rangers ever successfully questioned his authority. Others who did took their lives in their hands. At least two men were shot to death by deputy sheriffs loyal to Parr.” Other brutal deaths were associated with him.

Parr favored Johnson in the 1948 runoff. Days after the polls had closed, a “correction” of the vote came in from Precinct 13 in the hamlet of Alice in Jim Wells County on the Mexican border. The “correction” gave Johnson 202 votes which local election officials claimed they had somehow previously overlooked. But it was enough to give Johnson the Democratic nomination by eighty-seven votes.

Coke Stevenson told reporters “I was beaten by a stuffed ballot box. And I can prove it.”

Parr laughed and called Stevenson a poor loser. “In previous elections the district has gone for Stevenson with as much enthusiasm as it has gone against him in this year’s Senate election. I never heard a complaint from him then about the bloc vote in Duval County,” Parr noted.
Charging fraud, the governor appealed to the federal court for redress. His lawyers produced evidence clearly demonstrating that “voters” from the graveyard and from across the border in Mexico had been recorded for Johnson. The lawyers also produced a couple of courageous Chicanos who testified that Parr had voted their names without their knowledge.

After hearing all the arguments. Judge T. Whitfield Davidson was moved to comment: “There has not one word of evidence been submitted [sic] to disprove this plaintiff’s claim he has been robbed of a seat in the [[United States Senate]].”

At the same time Davidson issued an injunction denying Johnson a place on the ballot.

As a result there was great consternation among leading Democrats in Washington. Not that the liberals or even Truman particularly loved Johnson. If anyone followed a Southern line, it was he. But they preferred Johnson to his outspoken Dixiecrat opponent. Which is precisely what Truman told Johnson when the President barnstormed through Texas late in September 1948.

Meanwhile Washington lawyer [[Abe Fortas]] took charge of the legal maneuvers to save Johnson’s “election.” In this he was assisted by none other than Joe Rauh, an ultra-liberal then most active in the affairs of [[Americans for Democratic Action]].

One day after Judge Davidson reopened his hearing in [[Fort Worth]], Fortas went to see Associate Justice [[Hugo Black]], a [[Ku Klux Klan]]sman-turned-civil libertarian. They spent considerable time discussing Johnson’s election problem.

On September 28, 1948, Black issued an order staying the Davidson injunction. This meant that Johnson’s name could appear on the November ballot. Black’s order declared that the federal courts lacked jurisdiction over state elections. In effect Black had ruled that Johnson would be the next senator from Texas.

Adjourning his court, an angered Judge Davidson denounced the Black order as “unduly hasty and probably unlawful” — which it was. The judge noted, for example, that the Stevenson-Johnson controversy had involved a federal office. Then he pointed out that only four years previously, Justice Black had voted exactly the opposite when the High Court ruled that federal courts could indeed interfere to see that African Americans were not barred from voting in Texas primaries.

The Democrat Senate voted to look into the contested primary. But Senate investigators soon discovered that most of the ballots in Duval, Jim Wells, and Zapata counties had been destroyed. According to George Parr, some illiterate Mexican janitors must have thought they were trash ready to be burned. The Senate probe was over before it began.

Meanwhile Truman was barnstorming Texas in what appeared to be a forlorn pursuit of the presidency. When his train stopped at San Antonio, Parr got aboard to spend a half-hour with the President. Immediately there was speculation that Parr would get a presidential pardon for an old income tax conviction.

Truman, of course, was no stranger to stuffed ballots. In fact he could never have become President if he had not scraped victory out of the 1934 Senate primary in [[Missouri]] with the help of 50,000 fraudulent votes from Tom Pendergast’s [[Kansas City]] machine. And years later when Boss Pendergast died, Truman flew to the funeral.

So pleased was Truman with Parr’s work, shortly after his election, he rewarded Parr with a pardon. And when Parr again was found guilty of income tax evasion, Abe Fortas argued the case all the way to the [[Supreme Court]] and got Parr off on a technical ruling.

Years later a grateful President Lyndon Johnson nominated Abe Fortas as a justice on the Supreme Court.

So exhilarated was Lyndon Johnson on reaching the political mountaintop in 1948 that, according to one biographer, he told this story about his first Senate victory:
{{quotebox-float|Little Manuel was sitting on a curbstone, crying bitter tears. Another Mexican, happening along, asked, “What’s the trouble with you, Manuel?”
“My father was here last Saturday and he did not come to see me.”
“But, Manuel, your father has been dead ten years.”
“That’s true,” Manuel sobbed. “But he was here last Saturday and he voted for Lyndon Johnson, but he did not even come to see me.”<ref>https://archive.org/details/LaskyVictorItDidntStartWithWatergate/page/n133/mode/2up?q=county</ref>}}

[[File:Josiah W. Bailey.jpg|thumb|right|180px|The 1930 election involving Bailey (pictured above) and Pritchard was marred with allegations of fraud.]]
==1930==
===1930 Senate election in North Carolina===
In the 1930 U.S. Senate election in [[North Carolina]], [[Josiah Bailey]] defeated incumbent Democrat insurrectionist Furnifold Simmons in the primaries and, in the general election facing Republican George Pritchard, purportedly won by over 100,000 votes.<ref name="1930 NC Sen">[https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/contested_elections/115Pirchard_Bailey.htm The Election Case of George M. Pritchard v. Josiah W. Bailey of North Carolina (1933)]. ''senate.gov''. Retrieved February 16, 2021.</ref> Pritchard filed a petition on March 3, 1931 to oppose the "official" results, charging that election fraud had given Bailey an unfair advantage. He specifically claimed that every one of the 1,800 voter registrars were tied to the Democratic Party to provide an unfair advantage for Bailey, that Democrat poll judges forced Republican poll watchers to stand from distances too far to observe ballot boxes, that intimidation of voters was present as well as the tampering of ballots.

The U.S. Senate authorized the Privileges and Elections Committee to investigate the election;<ref name="1930 NC Sen"/> Bailey sent a request to dismiss the charges on the basis that he would have been the winner even if there was to be a recount. A subcommittee ultimately ruled the charges against Bailey were too vague and did not warrant the need for either a recount nor a full investigation, and the contest was dismissed by the Senate without a vote. Bailey was subsequently awarded $1,500 for legal expenses, and $4,000 for Pritchard.

==1912==
===Woodrow Wilson===
Thomas J. Farnan observed in ''The National Pulse'':
{{quotebox-float|"the revitalized Democratic Party elected the despicable racist, [[Woodrow Wilson]] – who is still immortalized in Washington D.C. – as president. This victory was secured by suppressing black Republican votes in [[the South]] with literacy tests and the like, while Northern Republicans split their vote between [[Theodore Roosevelt]] and [[William Howard Taft]]. The stolen presidency of Woodrow Wilson had succeeded by 1914 in re-segregating even federal offices. President Wilson would make the pro-[[Ku Klux Klan]] film, ''The Birth of a Nation'', the first White House movie screening, after which he would remark, “It’s like writing history with lightning. My only regret is that it is all so terribly true.”<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/analysis/the-increasingly-secret-history-of-the-racist-democrats-and-how-senile-boomer-biden-heralds-the-end/</ref>}}

==1890==
:{{See also|Jim Crow}}
Beginning in the 1890s, southern states enacted literacy tests, poll taxes, elaborate registration systems, and eventually whites-only Democratic Party primaries to exclude black voters. The laws proved very effective. In Mississippi, fewer than 9,000 of the 147,000 voting-age African Americans were registered after 1890. In Louisiana, where more than 130,000 black voters had been registered in 1896, the number had plummeted to 1,342 by 1904. Poll taxes required citizens to pay a fee to register to vote. These fees kept many poor African Americans, as well as poor whites, from voting.<ref>https://americanhistory.si.edu/brown/history/1-segregated/white-only-1.html</ref>

==1874==
===White League===
{{See also|Stephen B. Packard}}
[[File:Colfax massacre.jpg|right|350px|thumb|This 1873 drawing depicts the aftermath of the Colfax Massacre of April 13, 1873, which left two white men and at least 70 black men dead.<ref>https://billofrightsinstitute.org/essays/the-ku-klux-klan-and-violence-at-the-polls</ref>]]
On election day, November 3, 1874, an [[Alabama]] chapter of the White League repeated actions taken earlier that year in Vicksburg, [[Mississippi]]. They invaded Eufaula AL, killing at least seven black Republicans, injuring at least 70 more, and driving off more than 1,000 unarmed Republicans from the polls.<ref>Mary Ellen Curtin, ''Black Prisoners and Their World, Alabama, 1865-1900,'' University Press of Virginia, 2000, p. 55</ref> The group moved on to Spring Hill AL, where members stormed the polling place, destroying the ballot box, and killing the 16-year-old son of a white Republican judge in their shooting.<ref>Curtin (2000), ''Black Prisoners'', pp. 55-56.</ref>

The White League refused to count any Republican votes cast. But, Republican voters reflected the black majority in the county, as well as white supporters. They outnumbered Democratic voters by a margin greater than two to one. The League declared the Democratic candidates victorious, forced Republican politicians out of office, and seized every county office in Barbour County, Alabama.<ref name="Curtin 2000 p. 56">Curtin (2000), ''Black Prisoners'', p. 56</ref> Such actions were repeated in other parts of the South in the 1870s, as Democrats sought to regain political dominance in states with black majorities and numerous Republican officials. In Barbour County, the Democrats auctioned off as "slaves" (for a maximum cost of $2 per month), or otherwise silenced all Republican witnesses to the events. They were intimidated from testifying to the coup if the case went to federal court.<ref name="Curtin 2000 p. 56"/>

The Coushatta massacre of 1874 was the result of an attack by the White League, a [[paramilitary]] organization composed of Democrats, on Republican officeholders and African Americans in Red River Parish, [[Louisiana]]. They murdered six white Republicans and 20 Blacks who were witnesses.<ref>[http://www.neh.gov/news/humanities/2004-01/reconstruction.html Danielle Alexander, "Forty Acres and a Mule: The Ruined Hope of Reconstruction", ''Humanities'', January/February 2004, Vol.25/No.1. Her article says 20 freedmen were killed.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916095443/http://neh.gov/news/humanities/2004-01/reconstruction.html |date=2008-09-16 }}</ref><ref>Nicholas Lemann, ''Redemption: The Last Battle of the Civil War'', New York, [[Farrar, Straus & Giroux]], 2006, p.76-77. His book says five freedmen were killed.</ref>

The White League had organized to restore [[white supremacy]] by driving Republicans out of Louisiana, disrupting their political organizing, and intimidating or murdering [[freedmen]].<ref>Eric Foner, ''Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877'', New York: Perennial Classics, 2002, p.550</ref> Like the Red Shirts and other "White Line" organizations, they were described as "the military arm of the [[Democratic Party]]."

===Louisiana gubernatorial===
Democrat John McEnery and Republican William Pitt Kellogg both claimed victory. Five thousand members of the White League, made up largely of Confederate veterans, fought against the New Orleans Metropolitan Police and state militia. The insurgents held the statehouse, armory, and downtown for three days, retreating before the elected government was restored.

==See also==
*[[Battle of Athens (1946)]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Election Fraud}}
[[Category:Democratic Party]]
[[Category:Corruption]]

Ronald Wilson Reagan

2021-09-12T02:00:25Z

Aidanram0:

{{Officeholder
|name=Ronald Wilson Reagan
|image=Ronald-reagan by kinstler.jpg
|party=[[Republican]] (formerly [[Democrat]])
|spouse= Jane Wyman [[Nancy Davis Reagan]]
|religion=[[Presbyterian]]
|offices=
{{Officeholder/president
|country=the United States
|number=40th
|terms=January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989
|vp=[[George H. W. Bush]]
|preceded=[[Jimmy Carter]]
|former=y
|succeeded=[[George H. W. Bush]]
}}
{{Officeholder/governor
|number=33rd
|state=California
|terms=January 2, 1967 – January 6, 1975
|preceded=[[Pat Brown|Edmund G. "Pat" Brown, Sr.]]
|former=y
|succeeded=[[Jerry Brown|Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown, Jr.]]
}}
|military=y
|allegiance=United States
|branch=Army Reserve, Air Force
|serviceyears=1937-1946
|rank=Captain
}}
'''Ronald Wilson Reagan''' (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) served as the 40th [[President of the United States of America]] from 1981 to 1989. He was the 33rd Governor of [[California]] (1967–1975), following a successful career in film and television. He has been widely recognized as one of the greatest American Presidents and an important part of the conservative movement from the late 1970s to the present. His victorious presidential debate with Jimmy Carter a week before the 1980 presidential election was the most-watched presidential debate in history until [[Donald Trump]]'s first debate with [[Hillary Clinton]] in 2016.

Reagan was a [[movement conservative]] who succeeded in moving the nation to the right in terms of reducing federal regulation and lowering taxes. He promoted individual liberty and the conviction that government was the problem and private enterprise the solution. He cut taxes but despite his proposals, spending and the federal deficit went up. After a short sharp recession early in his first term, the economy was strong by 1984. Proclaiming "It's Morning Again in America", Reagan carried 49 of 50 states to win reelection. He moved the [[Supreme Court]] and the federal courts to the right with his appointments.

Reagan's [[Supply-side economics|supply-side economic]] policies were based on the [[libertarian]] ideas of [[Milton Friedman]] and the [[Chicago School of Economics]]. "Reaganomics" was based on the idea that tax cuts will spur savings and investment. Reagan was strongly opposed to the concept of [[Big government]], advocating a reduction in the size and budget of the federal government. During his terms in office, he faced a divided Congress split between Republican and Democratic control for six of his eight years as president. Reagan was known for forging alliances with "[[Conservative Coalition|boll weevil]]" (conservative) Democrats to overcome the apparent majority led by Democratic Speaker [[Tip O'Neill]].

In foreign affairs, Reagan rejected ''détente'' with the [[Soviet Union]], but not with [[China]]. His massive defense buildup forced the Soviets to confront their crumbling financial base. He rejected the legitimacy of Communism and in the [[Reagan Doctrine]] systematically challenged and eventually destroyed Soviet strength in the Third World. After 1986 the new leadership of [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] who tried desperately to rescue Communism by cutting its losses; they came to terms with Reagan; the Communist empire collapsed in 1989 a few months after Reagan left office, and Communism was abolished (and Gorbachev repudiated) by Russia in 1991. Reagan is thus credited with achieving victory in the Cold War.<ref>Knopf (2004)</ref><ref>Multiple references:
*Pinkerton, James P. (November 10, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2019/11/10/pinkerton-thirty-years-after-fall-wall-lets-recall-ronald-reagan-man-who-called-it/ Pinkerton: Thirty Years After the Fall of the Wall, Let’s Recall Ronald Reagan, the Man Who Called It]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
*Akan, Emel (November 20, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/lessons-from-reagans-epochal-battle-against-communism_3152456.html Reagan’s Epochal Battle Against Communism Offers Lessons]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
*Edards, Lee (December 26, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/national-security/474669-how-ronald-reagan-won-the-cold-war How Ronald Reagan won the Cold War]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 26, 2019.</ref>

Always distrustful of nuclear weapons, Reagan initiated [[missile defense]] (SDI), a space-based system to defend against nuclear missiles. The inability of the Soviet Union to match this new technological breakthrough forced it to agree to Reagan's terms for ending the Cold War. In leading the rollback of Communism in Europe, he battled powerful liberal forces that called instead for détente (peaceful relations) with Communism. As the Soviet system faltered and Gorbachev accepted Reagan's terms, ensured an unprecedented level of nuclear disarmament. His signature phrase in dealing with Communists was "trust, but verify."

In his most famous challenges to Communism, Reagan went to the Brandenburg Gate and gave the Soviets the American terms for ending the Cold War: "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!" The Soviets were forced to agree, and watched their empire collapse overnight in late 1989, a few months after Reagan was succeeded as president by his Vice President [[George H.W. Bush]]. At the closing of his presidency, Reagan compared America to that "[[Shining city upon a hill]]", a beacon of Liberty for all who still live in the darkness of totalitarian rule.<ref>[https://dailycaller.com/2011/02/04/reagan-shining-city-hill/ Reagan saw the shining city on the hill], [[Daily Caller]]</ref>

As a great communicator, and leader of the Republican party, he added a new base of "Reagan Democrats" (blue-collar workers who were social conservatives), religious [[evangelical]]s, and [[neoconservative]]s; his success became the model for Republicans into the 21st century.

By all accounts, including by many of his adversaries, Reagan was a highly intelligent individual with an excellent sense of humor. He also contributed many new well-thought-through [[insight]]s to the general public that were not previously available.<ref>Tear Down This Wall, Laffer Curve, etc. See [[conservative insights]]</ref>
[[File:Reagan's signature.jpg|Right|285px|thumb|Ronald Reagan's signature]]
[[File:Reagan-at-durenberger-rally.jpg|Right|500px|thumb|Ronaldus Magnus]]

== Reagan's Conservatism ==
In a speech, immediately after assuming the presidency in 1981, he outlined his philosophy. After listing "intellectual leaders like [[Russell Kirk]], [[Friedrich Hayek]], [[Henry Hazlitt]], [[Milton Friedman]], [[James Burnham]], [[Ludwig von Mises]]" as the ones who "shaped so much of our thoughts," he discussed only one of these influences at length:

*It's especially hard to believe that it was only a decade ago, on a cold April day on a small hill in upstate New York, that another of these great thinkers, [[Frank Meyer]], was buried. He'd made the awful journey that so many others had: He pulled himself from the clutches of "The [communist] God That Failed,'' and then in his writing fashioned a vigorous new synthesis of traditional and libertarian thought -- a synthesis that is today recognized by many as modern conservatism.

*It was [[Frank Meyer]] who reminded us that the robust individualism of the American experience was part of the deeper current of Western learning and culture. He pointed out that a respect for law, an appreciation for tradition, and regard for the social consensus that gives stability to our public and private institutions, these civilized ideas must still motivate us even as we seek a new economic prosperity based on reducing government interference in the marketplace.

*Our goals complement each other. We're not cutting the budget simply for the sake of sounder financial management. This is only a first step toward returning power to the States and communities, only a first step toward reordering the relationship between citizen and government. We can make government again responsive to the people by cutting its size and scope and thereby ensuring that its legitimate functions are performed efficiently and justly.<ref>[http://acuf.org/issues/issue13/040606news.asp Ronald Reagan's Conservative Legacy, ACUF]</ref> Reagan rose to power speaking of [[Traditional values]] such as hard work, faith, family, God and patriotism (ideas that liberals call "racist"). Reagan strongly opposed progressive taxation, redistribution of wealth, the welfare state, and nationalization.

Political analyst Henry Olsen argues in ''The Working Class Republican'' that Reagan's political views were more closely aligned with [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] than typically thought, and that Reagan was more of a traditional blue-collar, working-class conservative than a libertarian.<ref>Olsen, Henry (2017). ''The Working Class Republican''. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 9780062475268.</ref><ref>Hayward, John (November 1, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/radio/2017/11/01/henry-olsen-reagan-trump-blue-collar-coalitions-mirror-images/ Henry Olsen: Reagan and Trump Blue-Collar Coalitions Are ‘Mirror Images of Each Other’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 3, 2017.</ref>

==Early life==
[[File:Ronald Reagan Young Boy.jpg|left|160px|thumb|Jack Reagan, Neil, Ronald, and his mother Nelle (from left to right) Photograph circa 1916–17.]]
Reagan was born in [[Tampico, Illinois]], the second son of John (Jack) Edward and Nelle Wilson Reagan. The family finally settled in Dixon, Illinois in 1920 after years of moving from town to town. Jack Reagan nicknamed his younger son “Dutch", claiming he looked like “a fat little Dutchman.”<ref>[http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/facts.html Ronald Reagan Facts]: Physical Description, Favorites, Dislikes, Firsts in Life, Nickname, and Religion</ref> Reagan's father was a working-class Irish Catholic, and an active Democrat. Unemployed during the [[Great Depression]], Jack Reagan held a minor position in the [[WPA]] during the [[New Deal]]. Reagan recalled numerous alcoholic episodes that cost his father many job opportunities. Nelle Reagan, a devout member of the [[Disciples of Christ]], greatly influenced her son, who remained a lifelong Protestant.
[[File:Reagan_graduation.jpg|right|160px|thumb|1932 photo taken after his graduation from Eureka College]]
He attended [[Eureka College]], a small Disciples school where he developed a reputation as a "jack of all trades", excelling in campus politics, sports and theater. Reagan was a member of several athletic organizations including the football and track teams, the basketball cheerleading squad, and captain of the swimming team. He was also yearbook editor and was elected student body president. Reagan was a political liberal at that point and led a student revolt against the college president. In his first year at Eureka, the president of the college tried to cut back the faculty. Reagan helped organize a student strike. He received his degree in economics and sociology in 1932.<ref>[http://www.asanet.org/students/famous.cfm Famous Sociology Majors]</ref>

To pay for college, Reagan worked many low-wage jobs such as cooking hamburgers and washing tables. He also worked as a lifeguard at Lowell Park on the Rock River in Dixon for seven summers, where he saved seventy-seven swimmers from drowning.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/reagan/ Timeline of Ronald Reagan’s Life], [[PBS]]</ref>

After college Reagan became a radio sports announcer in Iowa. Although he was originally only hired to announce the [[University of Iowa]] football games, he became so popular in the Midwest he began covering Chicago Cubs baseball games at Wrigley Field. He also wrote sports columns in the Des Moines ‘’Dispatch’’.

===Reagan as Disciple===
Reagan took religious values into the presidency that he learned from his [[Disciples of Christ]] background at home and at Eureka College, a Disciples school. He was strongly influenced by Ben Hill Cleaver, the minister of the First Christian Church<ref>The formal name of the denomination is the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ).</ref> in Dixon, Illinois, during the 1920s, and by Reagan's mother, Nelle, an active member of the church. At many points the positions taken by the Disciples Church of Reagan's youth coincided with the words, if not the beliefs of the latter-day Reagan. These positions included faith in Providence, the association of America's mission with God's will, belief in progress, trust in the work ethic and admiration for those who achieved wealth, an uncomfortableness with literature and art that questioned the family or challenged notions of proper sexual behavior, the presumption that poverty is an individual problem best left to charity rather than the state, sensitivity to problems involving alcohol and drugs, and reticence to use government to protect civil rights for minorities. Reagan's experiences in the church and with the Cleavers provided early training in public speaking and offered a way of learning in which acting played a central part. Reagan's use of the jeremiad and his fusing of Judeo-Christianity and patriotism into a civil religion also have their roots in this early period. For her part, Nelle was a pillar of the church and the one who provided stability to the shaky Reagan family when the head was drunkard and a poor provider. She helped spark her son's interest in acting and believed the stage could be a force for noble purposes.<ref>Stephen Vaughn, "The Moral Inheritance of a President: Reagan and the Dixon Disciples of Christ." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 1995 25(1): 109-127. 0360-4918</ref>

==Hollywood==
[[File:Reagan1953.jpg|thumb|left|250px|1953 film ''Law and Order'', starring Reagan and Dorothy Malone]]
In 1937 Reagan traveled to [[Hollywood]] to cover the Chicago Cubs's spring training games and look at prospects in the film industry. Warner Brothers studio offered him a one-year contract with a starting salary of $200 a week. He made his first on-screen debut in the 1937 movie ''Love is On the Air'',<ref>[http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/161292|0/Love-is-On-the-Air.html Love is on the Air]</ref> then became famous starring in numerous "B" movies, where he typically played a supporting character rather than the leading role. In 1941 Reagan gave a well-received performance in the [[Academy Award|Oscar]] nominated film ''Kings Row''. Other notable movies include ''Knute Rockne'', ''The Hasty Heart'', and the film ''Brother Rat'', which is where Reagan first met his future wife Jane Wyman.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=7rBLCZuEOswC&pg=PA189 President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime]</ref> During the war Reagan was in the Air Force where he was assigned to make training films.

===Military Service===
Intertwined with his career as an actor, Reagan also served in the military. He enlisted in the Army Enlisted Reserve on April 29, 1937, and transferred to the Army Air Forces (AAF) in 1942.<ref name=service>[https://reaganlibrary.archives.gov/archives/reference/military.html Military Service of Ronald Reagan]</ref> Poor eyesight kept him from being sent into overseas combat. He would instead produce training films for the AAF Public Relations and subsequently, to the 1st Motion Picture Unit in Culver City, California.

By the end of the war, his units had produced some 400 training films for the Army Air Forces. He resumed his Hollywood career on release in 1946, and his Reserve Commission automatically terminated on April 1, 1953.

While serving, Reagan was promoted several times. On January 4, 1943, he was promoted to First Lieutenant. On July 22, 1943, was promoted to Captain.<ref name=service />

===Return to Hollywood===
[[Image:Reagantheater.jpg‎|right|thumb|205px|Ronald Reagan and General Electric Theater. 1954–62.]]
Reagan's movie career faded in the late 1940s but he made a successful transition to television, especially as a host, and became a celebrity on the speakers' circuit. He traveled the country as a motivation speaker for [[General Electric]], attracting highly appreciative audiences for his polished, witty speeches based on a wide reading in current events and libertarian economic principles. Reagan also starred in the 1960s television series ''[[Death Valley Days]].'' By 1964, he had appeared in more than fifty films.

===Friendship with Billy Graham===
Reagan first met [[Billy Graham]] in the mid 1950s<ref name=focus>[http://jimdaly.focusonthefamily.com/a-story-of-billy-graham-and-ronald-reagan/ A Story of Billy Graham and Ronald Reagan], [[Focus on the Family]]</ref><ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/story/2004/06/08/transcript-ronald-reagan-friendship-with-billy-graham.html Transcript: Ronald Reagan's Friendship With Billy Graham], [[Fox News]]</ref> around the time that Reagan started with GE, and they remained friends for many years.

Graham was very impressed with Reagan's ability to effectively manage criticism with politeness, reason, and conviction. Graham wrote of Reagan in relating a story of a pastor from Dallas: "Ron had not only changed a man's mind, but he had done it with charm, conviction, and humor - traits I would see repeatedly as I got to know him."<ref name=focus />
[[Image:Reagan-LPcover.jpg|thumb|100px|left]]
===Operation Coffee Cup===
{{main|Operation Coffee Cup}}

During the 1950s and 1960s, Reagan teamed up with the [[American Medical Association]] to produce a campaign against government-run universal healthcare, warning citizens that if the government controls your healthcare, they control you.

Together with the AMA, they produced the LP record ''Ronald Reagan Speaks Out Against Socialized Medicine''.

===Union president===
Reagan jumped into union politics and was elected to five terms as president of the [[Screen Actors Guild]], a labor union for movie actors and part of the [[AFL]]. As SAG President he traveled across the country giving speeches on behalf of actors. Until the 1950s Reagan was an avid liberal Democrat who strongly supported the [[New Deal]] of [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] and the [[Fair Deal]] of [[Harry S. Truman]]. He often campaigned on behalf of the [[New Deal Coalition]], such as [[Helen Gahagan Douglas]]'s 1950 run for Senator of California.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=U2cs7IHERBwC&pg=PA43 Ronald Reagan's Journey: Democrat to Republican]</ref> There was talk of running Reagan for president of the AFL itself.<ref>Ronald Reagan, [https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0743400259/ref=sib_dp_srch_bod?v=search-inside&keywords=truman ''An American Life'' (1990) p 132]</ref>

Reagan was thus the only president to lead a [[labor union]], a bastion of liberalism. Reagan himself was a registered Democrat well into the 1950s, but as head of the Screen Actors Guild he fought against Communist infiltration. In 1947 he became an FBI informant, known by the bureau as informant "T-10",<ref>[http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,959749,00.html Unmasking Informant T-10], [[Time Magazine]]</ref><ref>[http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1985-08-26/news/8502040928_1_fbi-interviews-reagan-and-wyman-informant Reagan Reportedly Was Fbi Informer In 1940s]</ref> and testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee. Reagan expressed some reservation with the FBI, asking one agent "Do they expect us to constitute ourselves as a little FBI of our own and determine just who is a Commie and who isn't?"<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=I4-UBnd20K4C&pg=PA155 Ronald Reagan in Hollywood: Movies and Politics]</ref> Peggy Noonan wrote, "Even in his zeal to purge the communist influence from [[Hollywood]], he fought those who engaged in witch hunts and defended those who had been falsely accused of involvement."

==Democrat to Republican==
While remaining a Democrat in the 1950s, Reagan started to increasingly hold conservative points of view. After actively supporting [[Richard Nixon]]'s campaign for president in 1960, Reagan switched political parties and officially became a Republican in 1962. He realized that he had diverged greatly from the tax-and-spend liberalism of the Democratic Party. As a part of Reagan's change in viewpoints, he came to be a fan of former president [[Calvin Coolidge]], and would later replace a painting of Truman with that of Coolidge in the White House Cabinet Room.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/04/opinion/calvin-reagan.html Calvin Reagan], [[The New York Times]]</ref>

==1964==
Conservatives nationwide saw Reagan as their new star when his campaigning for Senator [[Barry Goldwater]] in 1964 was better received than Goldwater's own speeches. He raised an unprecedented eight million dollars for Goldwater. Despite Goldwater's defeat, Reagan's 1964 "[[Time for Choosing]]" speech helped launch his political career and made him became a probable candidate for governor of California.

==Governor of California (1967–1975)==
[[Image:Reagangovernor.jpg‎|left|thumb|275px|Ronald Reagan and Nancy Reagan at the Victory celebration for California Governor at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles, California 11/8/66.]] In the 1966 gubernatorial campaign, conservatives generally supported Reagan over George Christopher, the Republican mayor of [[San Francisco]]. Reagan defeated Christopher, and incumbent [[liberal]] [[Democrat]] [[Pat Brown]] in the general election, taking fifty-three of California's fifty-eight counties. Reagan's strategists wanted to emphasize libertarian support for smaller government and less taxation, as the state verged on a revolt against high property taxes. As student and black unrest exploded in the headlines, Reagan's call for [[Law and order]] won the votes of former liberals. Reagan's victory marked the end of New Deal liberalism in California.<ref>Dallek, Matthew. "Liberalism Overthrown." ''American Heritage'' (1996) 47(6): 39+ Fulltext online at Ebsco</ref>

Reagan inherited an enormous budget deficit from the Brown administration. In his first year as Governor, Reagan froze government spending and cut ten percent of the spending budget in each department of the government. At the end of his two terms, the $194 million deficit had been transformed into a $550 million surplus. The ''San Francisco Chronicle'' editorialized, "We exaggerate very little when we say that Reagan has saved the state from bankruptcy.<ref>[http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1980 1980 Reagan VS. Carter VS. Anderson]</ref>

When coming into office there was a growing number of anarchist protesters at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] over the United States' involvement in the [[Vietnam War]]. The protests would become violent. Reagan sent the state police and later the national guard to handle the riots. It allowed him to showcase his populist themes of morality, [[Law and order]], strong leadership, and defense of traditional values. Reagan was reelected in 1970, after firing the president of the state university and sending in armed force to confront student demonstrators. Reagan's handling of this crisis helped to make him into a national politician known for strength and courage.<ref>Gerard DeGroot, "Reagan's Rise." ''History Today'' (1995) 45(9): 31-36. Issn: 0018-2753 Fulltext online at Ebsco</ref>

Governor Reagan briefly tested the presidential waters in 1968 as part of a "Stop Nixon" movement, but drew back when he saw [[Richard Nixon]]'s strength.

Governor Reagan also attempted to clean up radicalism at other college campuses. [[Angela Davis]], a member of the [[Communist Party USA]], was also a professor of philosophy at [[UCLA]]. Reagan wrote that "I, nor the board will tolerate any Communist activities at any state institution... any member of the Communist Party is barred from teaching at this institution."<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=OwhvBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA140 African Americans and Criminal Justice: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia]</ref>

Welfare spending was a major issue in the 1970 election; with 10% of the nation's population, California had 16% of its welfare recipients. Reagan promised to cut the welfare spending by rooting out fraud and abuse, by requiring recipients to take jobs, and by collecting from dead-beat fathers. Democrats in the legislature supported a much more liberal bill, which advocated the welfare rights of the poor. Reagan personally worked out a compromise that passed and won considerable praise and some criticism. Its savings to taxpayers proved small, but it represented an important political achievement for both parties. Reagan benefited as well, emerging from the compromise as a more experienced and effective politician.<ref>Burbank (1991)</ref>

Reagan supported and signed laws to liberalize [[abortion]] in California (before the Supreme Court issued ''[[Roe v. Wade]]''), but later turned strongly against abortion.

Reagan's gubernatorial style, which carried over into his presidency, was expansive in looking only at the big picture, and choosing talented staffers who were given the power to handle all the details. Reagan seldom paid attention to the minute details of his own policies. Reagan was a powerful communicator, through press conferences and public appearances, with an uncanny knack for precise timing to make the maximum impact.<ref>Hamilton and Biggart, (1984); Ritter (1992)</ref>

Liberals across the country were puzzled by Reagan and decided that he was a weak reactionary who would be easy to defeat if he ran for president. California liberals explained they were all wrong, that Reagan was the most formidable Republican since Eisenhower.

In 1970, he was re-elected by a landslide against challenger "Big Daddy" Jesse Unruh.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/06/obituaries/jesse-unruh-a-california-political-power-dies.html Jesse Unruh, A California Political Power, Dies], [[The New York Times]]</ref> But in 1974, he chose not to seek a third term and was succeeded by liberal Democrat [[Jerry Brown]].

In 1974, the [[Symbionese Liberation Army]] abducted [[Patty Hearst]] and demanded a redistribution of food to the poor. Governor Reagan quipped: "It's just too bad we can't have an epidemic of botulism".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=PAvTCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA288 Days of Rage: America's Radical Underground, the FBI, and the Forgotten Age of Revolutionary Violence]</ref>

Three Lieutenant Governors served with Reagan: Robert Finch(67-69), Edwin Reinecke(69-74), John L. Harmer(74-75).

===Events and achievements as governor===

*Called in the [[National Guard]] to restore order when "People's Park" protesters began attacking police, and restored order to California's chaotic university campuses. Reagan authorized the use of force against the rioting protesters in Berkeley, saying, "If there has to be a bloodbath, then let's get it over with. No more appeasement." In the resulting chaos, 111 police officers were injured, and police fired buckshot into the crowd, sending over a dozen people to the hospital with shotgun wounds, 3 with punctured lungs and 1 with a shattered leg, and fatally wounded James Rector, who had been attacking the police.<ref>[http://police.berkeley.edu/about_UCPD/ucpdhistory.html#anchor178048 "History topic: People's Park"] University of California, Berkeley - Police Department (August 2006)</ref><ref>''San Francisco Chronicle'', early morning edition, May 15, 1969</ref><ref>[http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2004/06/08_reagan.shtml Ronald Reagan launched political career using the Berkeley campus as a target] (June 8, 2004)</ref><ref>[https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/02/video-ronald-reagans-press-conference-after-bloody-thursday/284045/ Video: Ronald Reagan's Press Conference After 'Bloody Thursday'] (February 2014)</ref><ref>[http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,904149,00.html California: Postscript to People's Park], [[Time Magazine]] archive, February 16th, 1970, Note: Fee required to read article.</ref>

*Led a comprehensive and far-reaching revision of California's massive public assistance programs, actually increasing benefits to the truly needy.

*Worked well with the Democrats to forge consensus on a variety of issues.

*Despite pressure within his own party, Reagan publicly opposed the Briggs Initiative which helped its defeat at the ballot in 1978.

*Signed the nation's first no-fault divorce law

*Signed the Therapeutic Abortion Law, which had the effect of increasing the availability of legal abortion in California - later Reagan expressed regret for this<ref>[https://www.lifenews.com/2008/03/11/nat-3790/ Revisionist History: Misrepresenting President Ronald Reagan’s Abortion Record], [[LifeSiteNews]]</ref><ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/223437/reagans-darkest-hour-paul-kengor-patricia-clark-doerner Reagan's Darkest Hour, "Therapeutic" abortion in California.], [[National Review]]</ref><ref>[http://cnsnews.com/news/article/president-reagan-put-his-pro-life-stance-center-stage-supporting-march-life President Reagan Put His Pro-Life Stance Center Stage In Supporting the March for Life], [[CNSNews.com]]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=-dSvWrJ6ooAC&pg=PA64 The Essential Ronald Reagan: A Profile in Courage, Justice, and Wisdom]</ref> and even wrote a [[pro-life]] pamphlet while he was president.

==Nationally Syndicated Radio==
From 1975 to 1979, Reagan gave over 1000 radio addresses to listeners in 20-30 million homes each week.<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/programs/static/national-recording-preservation-board/documents/ReaganOnRadio.pdf Ronald Reagan Radio Broadcasts]</ref> In one particular address, he discussed the California abortion bill he had signed, along with some additional observations.

<blockquote>A bill had been introduced in the California legislature to make abortion available upon demand. The pro and anti forces were already marshaling their troops, and emotions were running high. Then the author of the bill sent word down that he'd amend his bill to anything I felt I could sign. The ball - to coin a cliche - was in my court. Suddenly I had to have a position on abortion.

I did more studying and soul-searching than on any thing that was to face me as governor. I discovered that neither medicine, law, or theology had ever really found a common ground on the subject. Some believed an unborn child was no more than a growth on the body female and she should be able to remove it as she would her appendix. Others felt a human life existed from the moment the fertilized egg was implanted in the womb. Strangely enough, the same legislature that couldn't agree on abortion had unanimously passed a law making it murder to abuse a pregnant woman so as to cause the death of her unborn child.

Another inconsistency - the unborn have property rights protected by law. A man can will his estate to his wife and children and any children yet to be born of his marriage. Yet the proposed abortion law would deny the unborn the protection of the law in preserving its life.

I went to the lawyers on my staff and posed a hypothetical question. What if a pregnant woman became a widow during her pregnancy and found her husband had left his fortune to her and the unborn child. Under the proposed abortion law, she could take the life of her child and inherit all of her husband's estate. Wouldn't that be murder for financial gain? The only answer I got was that they were glad I wasn't asking the questions on the bar exam.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=MH7b57xk6jIC&pg=PA52 Speaking My Mind: Selected Speeches]</ref></blockquote>

==The New Republican Party==
At the 1975 [[Conservative Political Action Conference]], Reagan talked about the new Republican Party in a speech titled "''[[Let Them Go Their Way]]''", a party that was a striking contrast to the Democrat party. He called for bold colors that would be contrasted against pale pastels. This is one of Reagan's most quoted lines from any speech.<ref>[http://www.westernfreepress.com/2013/03/14/reagan-at-cpac-in-1975-let-them-go-their-way/ Reagan at CPAC in 1975: "Let Them Go Their Way"]</ref>

At the time, voters were of the belief that because Republicans did very little in the way of conservative principles and values, that there was little to no difference between the two parties. Reagan's main point was that instead of organizing a new third party, why not organize a new first party.

==Presidential Campaigns==
===1976===
[[File:1976 Republican National Convention.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Reagan and Ford at the 1976 Republican National Convention]]
{{Main|United States presidential election, 1976}}

After [[Richard Nixon]]'s resignation in 1974, the weak [[Gerald Ford]] became president, and Reagan challenged him in the 1976 Republican Party primaries. The main issue was détente with the Soviets as promoted by Ford and Secretary of State [[Henry Kissinger]], though other issues such as the [[Panama Canal]] also threw Ford off guard.<ref name=canal>[https://books.google.com/books?id=qpfzsnHAzZAC&pg=PA315 Gerald Ford and the Challenges of the 1970s]</ref> Ford won the first 13 primaries, then Reagan came roaring back. He criticized the federal government and politicians for being too large, too powerful, and too involved in American society. Reagan named liberal eastern Senator Richard Schweiker as his running mate, disappointing many of his conservative supporters.<ref>[http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1976/07/28/page/5/article/reagan-gambles-all-in-schweiker-choice Reagan gambles all in Schweiker choice]</ref> The outcome of the contest was that Ford won 26 primary contests, and Reagan won 24. The final delegate count was 1121 to 1078, Ford. 1130 delegates were needed to clinch the nomination.<ref name=seventysix>[http://www.newsweek.com/delegate-battle-1976-reagan-almost-unseated-ford-449843 Delegate Battle of '76: When Reagan Almost Beat Ford], [[Newsweek]]</ref>

At the Republican convention, victory came down to the Mississippi delegation which swung the nomination to Ford. However, given how difficult it is to run against an incumbent president in a Primary, Reagan's campaign was surprisingly strong. On the first ballot, Ford had 1,187 delegates, Reagan had 1,070.<ref name=seventysix /> Ford had succeeded in becoming the party's nominee.

After Ford was defeated in the general election, Reagan retired to his ranch in California and continued to give speeches across the country. There was little doubt that Reagan was the dominant Republican for the next election, and he easily won the nomination in 1980.

===1980===
{{Main|United States presidential election, 1980}}

Before the general election, Reagan faced a Republican primary challenge from the more moderate [[George H. W. Bush]]. Bush was highly established and respected as having served as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, ambassador to People's Republic of China and the United Nations, former chairman of the National Republican Committee, and two-term Congressman from [[Texas]]. Bush referred to Reagan's economic policies as "voodoo economics." After Bush won a surprising victory in the January 21st [[Iowa]] State primary, Reagan surged ahead after he outwitted Bush in the New Hampshire debate. During that debate, Reagan uttered the famous phrase "I'm paying for this microphone!"<ref>[https://usatelections.wordpress.com/2015/07/31/10-memorable-moments-from-past-primary-debates/ 10 memorable moments from past primary debates], [[USA Today]]</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RRI6iSrS1kc Ronald Reagan's famous line, "I am paying for this microphone"]</ref> After winning Iowa and losing New Hampshire, Bush had another win in the Massachusetts primary, then Reagan began sweeping primaries and crushed all of his opponents.<ref>[http://www.unionleader.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/99999999/NEWS0605/110509963 1980: Reagan begins his sweep], [[New Hampshire Union Leader]]</ref> Bush dropped out on May 26, leaving Reagan as the presumptive nominee. Ironically, he named George H. W. Bush as his running mate at the convention.<ref>[https://partners.nytimes.com/library/politics/camp/800717convention-gop-ra.html Reagan Wins Nomination and Chooses Bush as Running Mate After Talks With Ford Fail], [[The New York Times]]</ref>

Reagan was able to crusade against the failures of incumbent Democrat, President [[Jimmy Carter]]. There was runaway [[stagflation]], soaring [[interest rates]], persistent [[unemployment]], a series of humiliations abroad, and a weakened [[military]] in the face of growing Soviet superpower. As Reagan put it, "I'm told I can't use the word depression. Well, I'll tell you the definition. A recession is when your neighbor loses his job; depression is when you lose your job. Recovery is when Jimmy Carter loses his." The most pressing foreign policy crisis was that [[Iran]]ian President [[Ayatollah Khomeini]] was holding fifty-two Americans hostage. All of Carter's diplomatic attempts had failed.

The phrase "There you go again", which Reagan used in the Reagan-Carter Debate on October 28, 1980, became a defining phrase of the campaign.<ref>[https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/Decoder/2012/1001/Presidential-debate-what-to-look-for-beyond-who-wins-or-loses-video Presidential debate: what to look for beyond who wins or loses]</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qN7gDRjTNf4 Reagan-Carter Oct. 28, 1980 Debate - "There You Go Again"]</ref>

[[File:2000px-ElectoralCollege1980.png|right|thumb|325px|Reagan's 1980 landslide]]
Reagan feared that the [[Soviet Union]]'s military had become much more powerful then the United States'. He proposed stronger defense systems and a larger military. Carter fought back, lashing out at Reagan as a dangerous radical who would unleash nuclear war. A liberal Republican [[John Anderson]] ran a third party campaign which received 7% of the popular vote. Reagan won a landslide victory - receiving 51% of the popular vote and winning 44 of 50 states. In the 20th century, only two presidents received a larger electoral majority: Franklin Roosevelt in 1936 and Richard Nixon in 1972.<ref>[http://www.trivia-library.com/c/biography-of-us-president-ronald-reagan-part-8-campaign.htm Biography of U.S. President Ronald Reagan]</ref> His long coattails brought in the first Republican Senate in years, but the Democrats still controlled the House. The election marked the last hurrah of the New Deal era, the final collapse of the [[New Deal Coalition]] and indeed the end of liberalism as a coherent policy.<ref>Busch 2005</ref>

====Suburban Swimming Pool====
During the 1980 election, media outlets at the time used blue for republican states and red for democrat states.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMuWVsPQbwM US Election Night 1980 NBC live coverage 11-4-1980], Reagan blue-state landslide map in the background</ref><ref>[https://www.wnd.com/2012/05/how-red-states-turned-blue-and-vice-versa/ How red states turned blue and vice versa], [[WND]]</ref> [[David Brinkley]] famously said that it looked like a "suburban swimming pool."<ref>[https://www.conservativenewsandviews.com/2015/10/29/editorial/guest/dem-red-reagan-blue/ Dem red, Reagan blue]</ref> [[Time Magazine]] referred to it as "Lake Reagan."<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=20040208&id=bVNWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=qesDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6665,1584006&hl=en One state, Two state; red state blue state]</ref>

==Presidency (1981–1989)==
[[Image:Reagan 1981 Inauguration.jpg|right|thumb|325px|President Elect Reagan being sworn in for his first term in the 1981 Inauguration Ceremony at the U.S. Capitol]]
Ronald Reagan was sworn in as the 40th President of the United States on January 20, 1981. On that same day, Ayatollah released the hostages after keeping them in captivity for 444 days. At the inauguration, the invocation and benediction were delivered by Reverend Donn Moomaw, Reagan's pastor at Bel Air Presbyterian Church in Hollywood.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=wF_kAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA15-IA103 The Living Church, Volume 182]</ref>

Once in office, Reagan vowed a shift in federal power, back to states and localities.<ref name=localities>[https://www.nytimes.com/1981/03/21/us/reagan-vows-shift-in-federal-powers.html REAGAN VOWS SHIFT IN FEDERAL POWERS], [[The New York Times]]</ref> When the Federal [[Air Traffic Controllers]] struck illegally, Reagan showed he was playing hardball and gave them 48 hours before he fired all who hadn't gone back to work (11,359).

Reagan rebuffed liberals who complained he was killing the New Deal. Noting that he voted for FDR in 1932, 1936, 1940 and 1944, as well as Truman in 1948, Reagan said he was trying to repeal the ''"[[Great Society]]"'' enacted by liberals in the mid-1960s.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=68rBxuO7EsMC&pg=PA351&dq=reagan+%22great+society%22+roosevelt+truman&lr=&num=30&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES ''Eyewitness to Power''], by David Gergen, (2000) p 351</ref> During the first term of his presidency, Reagan tapped [[James A. Baker III (Secretary of State)|James A. Baker III]], [[Edwin Meese III]], and [[Michael Deaver]] to form a group known by some as "The Troika".<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1981/04/19/magazine/the-presidential-troika.html?pagewanted=all The Presidential Troika]</ref><ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=950&dat=19810806&id=02xQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=rlkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7013,1321812&hl=en The Troika], The Evening Independent</ref><ref>[http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1985-01-05/features/8501010299_1_deaver-and-meese-michael-deaver-edwin-meese Reagan Does Not Plan To Replace Deaver, Meese]</ref>

Early in his first term, he took a trip to Canada where he met with Prime Minister [[Pierre Trudeau]] and addressed the Canadian Parliament.<ref>[https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/reagan-ronald Travels of the President]</ref> While in Canada, Reagan requested to meet with [[Gordon Sinclair]], a Canadian journalist who had made international headlines for his commentary "[[The Americans]]".<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/08/03/Veteran-Toronto-broadcaster-Gordon-Sinclair-81-famous-in-the/7991365659200/ Veteran Toronto broadcaster Gordon Sinclair, 81, famous in the...]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=UP61LHTcaFMC&pg=PA84 A Salute to Service: The Rebirth of Patriotism]</ref>

Democrats in the Senate choose as their Leader the [[Exalted Cyclops]] [[Robert Byrd]], Senator from [[West Virginia]]. Over the course of Reagan's presidency, the government was forced to shutdown a total of eight times, many times due to confrontations with [[House Speaker]] [[Tip O'Neill]].<ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/360142/government-shutdowns-history-charles-c-w-cooke Government Shutdowns: A History]</ref><ref>[https://www.redstate.com/diary/willstauff/2014/02/18/tip-oneill-gop-majority-myth/ Replace Boehner with Tip O’Neill]</ref>

===Administration===
[[Image:Reaganfamily-red-rr-.jpg|right|thumb|325px|President & Mrs. Reagan with their extended family.]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Office
! Name
! Term
|-
| [[President]]
| Ronald Reagan
| 1981-1989
|-
| [[Vice President of the United States of America|Vice President]]
| [[George H.W. Bush]]
| 1981-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of State]]
| [[Alexander Haig]]
| 1981-1982
|-
|
| [[George Shultz]]
| 1982-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Treasury]]
| [[Donald Regan]]
| 1981-1985
|-
|
| [[James A. Baker III (Secretary of State)|James A. Baker III]]
| 1985-1988
|-
|
| [[Nicholas Brady]]
| 1988-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Defense]]
| [[Caspar Weinberger]]
| 1981-1987
|-
|
| [[Frank C. Carlucci]]
| 1987-1989
|-
| [[Attorney General]]
| [[William Smith]]
| 1981-1985
|-
|
| [[Edwin Meese III]]
| 1985-1988
|-
|
| [[Richard Thornburgh]]
| 1988-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of the Interior]]
| [[James G. Watt]]
| 1981-1983
|-
|
| [[William P. Clark, Jr.]]
| 1983-1985
|-
|
| [[Donald Hodel]]
| 1985-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Agriculture]]
| [[John Rusling Block]]
| 1981-1986
|-
|
| [[Richard E. Lyng]]
| 1986-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Commerce]]
| [[Howard M. Baldrige, Jr.]]
| 1981-1987
|-
|
| [[C. William Verity, Jr.]]
| 1987-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Labor]]
| [[Raymond J. Donovan]]
| 1981-1985
|-
|
| [[William E. Brock]]
| 1985–1987
|-
|
| [[Ann Dore McLaughlin]]
| 1987-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Health and Human Services]]
| [[Richard S. Schweiker]]
| 1981–1983
|-
|
| [[Margaret Heckler]]
| 1983-1985
|-
|
| [[Otis R. Bowen]]
| 1985-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Education]]
| [[Terrel Bell]]
| 1981-1985
|-
|
| [[William Bennett]]
| 1985-1988
|-
|
| [[Lauro Cavazos]]
| 1988-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Housing and Urban Development]]
| [[Samuel R. Pierce, Jr.]]
| 1981-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Transportation]]
| [[Drew Lewis]]
| 1981-1983
|-
|
| [[Elizabeth Dole]]
| 1983-1987
|-
|
| [[James H. Burnley IV]]
| 1987-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Energy]]
| [[James B. Edwards]]
| 1981-1982
|-
|
| [[Donald Paul Hodel]]
| 1982-1985
|-
|
| [[John S. Herrington]]
| 1985-1989
|-
|}

===Assassination Attempt===
Outside the Washington Hilton Hotel<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=tMrEP4Y6whwC&pg=PA64 The Reagan Era from the Iran Crisis to Kosovo]</ref> on March 30, 1981, Reagan was shot by [[John W. Hinckley]] near the heart after giving a routine speech.<ref>The assassin was [[John Hinckley]], a mentally disturbed man who didn't shoot Reagan for political reasons, but instead did to impress an actress he had never met.</ref> Surgeons at [[George Washington University]] Hospital saved his life and despite his age, he recovered quickly. Prior to the operation, Reagan looked up at the doctors and said "I Hope you're all Republicans". Dr. Joseph Giordano, the head surgeon at GWU Hospital confirmed the story, and replied to the president "We are all Republicans today".<ref>[http://urbanlegends.about.com/od/historical/a/ronald_reagan.htm Ronald Reagan: Grace Under the Scalpel]</ref>

White House Press Secretary [[James Brady]] was shot in the head, became permanently disabled; Brady then became an icon of the [[gun control|anti-gun]] movement.

The assassination attempt came at a critical moment and disarmed the opposition in Congress, enabling Reagan to pass his major legislation even though the Democrats controlled the House.

===1984 Reelection===
[[File:2000px-ElectoralCollege1984.png|right|thumb|325px|Reagan's 1984 landslide]]
{{Main|United States presidential election, 1984}}

In 1984, Reagan was re-elected in a landslide, winning every state except Mondale's home state of Minnesota and the District of Columbia, creating a record 525 electoral vote total (of 538 possible), and received 58.8%. of the popular vote.<ref>[https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/scores.html#1984 National Archives]</ref><ref>[http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?f=0&year=1984 Leip, David: 1984 Presidential Election Results.]</ref> At the second inaugural, the Reverend Timothy Healy delivered the invocation, and the Reverend Peter Gomes delivered the benediction.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1988&dat=19850119&id=MGwiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_6sFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1381,1418388&hl=en The Argus-Press - Jan 19, 1985]</ref> In his Second Inaugural Address after winning the election, Reagan asked two of his most well-remembered questions: "''If not us, who? And if not now, when?''"

During his second term, Reagan helped end the Cold War with the help of Margaret Thatcher and some assistance from Pope John Paul II and Mikhail Gorbachev by recognizing the weakness of the Soviet economy and spent them out of existence by their not being able to compete with defense spending.

===Challenger Disaster===
On January 28, 1986, the [[Space Shuttle Challenger]] disintegrated due to O-ring failure 73 seconds after lift-off. In response, Reagan gave a speech that is regarded as a high mark of his presidency.<ref name=challenger>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/01/28/how-ronald-reagan-explained-the-challenger-disaster-to-the-world-its-all-part-of-taking-a-chance/ Exactly the right words, exactly the right way: Reagan’s amazing Challenger disaster speech], [[The Washington Post]]</ref> [[Peggy Noonan]] was chosen to write the speech who, at the time, was relatively unknown.<ref name=challenger /> In the speech, the freedom of the United States was highlighted in contrast to the tyranny of socialism, and the astronauts were honored as they were on their final journey to "touch the face of God".<ref>[http://history.nasa.gov/reagan12886.html Explosion of the Space Shuttle Challenger, Address to the Nation, January 28, 1986], by President Ronald W. Reagan, [[NASA]]</ref>

===Space Station Freedom===
In the 1984 State of the Union Address, Ronald Reagan outlined the development of a [[Space station]]. He said "We can reach for greatness again. We can follow our dreams to distant stars, living and working in space for peaceful, economic, and scientific gain."<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=40205 Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on the State of the Union], January 25, 1984</ref> The space station, later named ''Freedom''<ref>[https://mix.msfc.nasa.gov/abstracts.php?p=1653 Space Station Freedom-Artist's Concept]</ref> faced challenges and re-designs due to budget cuts.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/09/us/nasa-studying-ways-to-redesign-space-station-to-meet-budget-cut.html NASA Studying Ways to Redesign Space Station to Meet Budget Cut]</ref> It eventually evolved into the [[International Space Station]] program.<ref>[https://uhclarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/faget/industrial/freedom Space Station Freedom]</ref><ref>[http://www.iso.org/iso/home/news_index/news_archive/news.htm?refid=Ref1555 Cooperation in space - The International Space Station benefits from ISO standards]</ref>

==Domestic policy==
===School prayer and a moment of silence===
[[Image:Reagans greet Billy Graham at Prayer Breakfast 1981.jpg|right|thumb|250px|President Reagan and Nancy Reagan greeting Billy Graham at the 1981 National Prayer Breakfast]]
As a conservative, Reagan was a supporter of school prayer, with Reagan repeatedly raising the issue during his presidency.<ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/266491/ronald-reagans-prayer-legacy-stewart-mclaurin Ronald Reagan’s Prayer Legacy], [[National Review]]</ref>

Early on in his presidency, Reagan brought up the issue of prayer in schools, which was banned in 1962 by the Supreme Court in [[Engel v. Vitale]]. He proposed a constitutional amendment<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/18/us/reagan-proposes-school-prayer-amendment.html Reagan Proposes School Prayer Amendment], [[The New York Times]]</ref> that contained the following language: "Nothing in this Constitution shall be construed to prohibit individual or group prayer in public schools or other public institutions. No person shall be required by the United States or by any state to participate in prayer".

Reagan revived the issue in 1984<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=40205 Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on the State of the Union], January 25, 1984</ref> noting the beliefs of the [[Founding Fathers]] on the importance of faith. He said: "America was founded by people who believed that God was their rock of safety. He is ours. I recognize we must be cautious in claiming that God is on our side, but I think it's all right to keep asking if we're on His side." Also in 1984, the Supreme Court reviewed a case regarding a moment of silence in schools.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2245&dat=19840712&id=vogzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dDIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=5416,1067751 Reagan urges school 'moment of silence']</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1984/12/05/us/high-court-weighs-silence-in-school-for-prayer-or-meditation.html High Court Weighs Silence in School for Prayer or Meditation], [[The New York Times]]</ref> In [[Wallace v. Jaffree]], the court ruled 6–3 against.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1985-06-04/news/mn-6462_1_voluntary-prayer High Court Bars Moments of Silence for School Prayer : But Would Approve Meditation], [[Los Angeles Times]]</ref> Reagan received the support of boxing legend [[Muhammad Ali]] who said, "He's keeping God in schools and that's enough."<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2016/06/10/when-muhammad-ali-endorsed-ronald-reagan/?utm_term=.e84c75ad95f2</ref>

Toward the end of his presidency in 1987, Reagan called for Congress to act.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=NefcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA56 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Ronald Reagan, 1987]</ref> In an address to Congress on January 27, he said: "The 100th Congress of the United States should be remembered as the one that ended the expulsion of God from America's classrooms".<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/28/nyregion/high-court-accepts-appeal-of-moment-of-silence-law.html High Court Accepts Appeal of 'Moment of Silence' Law], [[The New York Times]]</ref>

===Economy===
[[Image:Reagan_desk.jpg‎|left|thumb|275px|President Reagan working at his desk in the oval office, 05/06/82.]]
As President, Ronald Reagan enacted his theory of "[[Reaganomics]]." His four major policy objectives were the following:<ref>[http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc1/Reaganomics.html Reaganomics], by William A. Niskanen</ref>

*Reduce the growth of government spending.
*Reduce the marginal tax rates on income from both labor and capital.
*Reduce government regulation of the economy.
*Control the money supply to reduce inflation.

On August 13, 1981, Reagan signed the Kemp-Roth [[Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981]] bill into law, reducing the tax burden on American citizens.
[[File:Time-8-17-81.jpg|thumb|250px| ''Time'' Aug 17, 1981. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,949316,00.html read story]]]
Fueled by an over spending [[Congress]] that steadfastly refused Reagan's budget proposals, the national debt increased 160% during his two terms in office. However, the economic growth that resulted from tax cuts made deficits as a percentage of [[GDP]] lower than what they had been in during the previous decade of stagflation. The period of high [[inflation]] and [[unemployment]] when Reagan took office was over after eight years of his presidency. In 1986 Reagan signed the [[Tax Reform Act of 1986]], which obtained an overhaul of the income tax code and eliminated many deductions and exempted millions of people with low incomes. The [[income tax]] rates of the top personal tax bracket dropped from 70% to 28% in 7 years. At the same time, Reagan sought to close tax loopholes so that the wealthy would not be able to get away with paying less tax than low to middle-income earners. By the end of his administration, the Nation was enjoying its longest recorded period of peacetime prosperity without [[recession]] or [[depression]].<ref>[https://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/rr40.html Ronald Reagan]</ref>

====PATCO Strike====
On 3 August 1981, 13,000 air traffic controllers, members of the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO), walked off the job. PATCO had supported Reagan in the 1980 election but now was making exorbitant demands regarding high raises, early retirement, and reduced hours. The Federal Aviation Administration made a generous offer but PATCO said no and called a strike. PATCO assumed it would shut down all air traffic and paralyze the economy, forcing the government to surrender, but they misjudged Ronald Reagan. Under federal law, the strike was illegal. Reagan ordered the strikers as a group to return to work. Some returned but most did not; he ordered individual strikers to return, and again most refused. Reagan was ready; secretly the Transportation Secretary Drew Lewis had readied military replacements. It was the first time in over 50 years in a major strike that replacements were used. Two days later, the president fired 11,000 strikers, and they never were rehired. The planes were flying and labor unions suffered their worst defeat since the 1920s. Reagan's dramatic action energized corporations to resist union demands, and sped up the rapid decline in union membership and the political power of union bosses.<ref>"Turbulence in the Tower," [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,949316,00.html ''Time'' Aug. 17, 1981]; Paul L. Butterworth, et al., "More than a Labor Dispute: The PATCO Strike of 1981," ''Essays in Economic & Business History'' 2005 23:125-139</ref>

===Boll Weevils===
In 1981 President [[Ronald Reagan]] won over enough conservative southern Democrats—called '''Boll Weevils'''--<ref>[https://www.csmonitor.com/1981/1216/121615.html Boll weevils, gypsy moths, and the 97th Congress ], [[Christian Science Monitor]]</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/26/us/congress-the-eclipse-of-the-boll-weevils.html CONGRESS; THE ECLIPSE OF THE BOLL WEEVILS], [[The New York Times]]</ref> to carry his major tax cuts through a House nominally controlled by the Democrats. Led by Congressman [[Phil Gramm]] of Texas,<ref>Gramm later became a Republican. On Gramm see David Frum, "Righter Than Newt," ''The Atlantic Monthly'' v. 275#3 (March 1995) pp 81+, online at [[Questia]]</ref> they helped Reagan enact many of his domestic policy proposals, to increase defense spending sharply, and to block leftists attacks on Reagan's anti-Communist policies in Central America. They also helped dismantle some of the remnants of [[Lyndon Johnson]]'s [[Great Society]].<ref>The "boll weevil" was a pest that ruined cotton plants across the South in the early 20th century, and forced the region to diversify out of cotton.</ref> Reagan did not campaign against them, so they kept their seats a few years longer.<ref>Lou Cannon, ''President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime'' (2000) pp 89, 754</ref>

===Social Security Reform 1983===
Mounting concerns that rising Social Security benefits were causing a long-term deficit and were growing too fast resulted in a bipartisan compromise in 1983. Brokered by conservative [[Alan Greenspan]] and liberal [[Claude Pepper]], the agreement lowered benefits over the next 75 years and brought the system into balance. Key provisions included a gradual increase over 25 years in the retirement age from 65 to 67, to take account of longer life expectancy. (People could retire younger, but at a reduced rate of benefits.) Millions of people were added to the system, especially employees of state governments and of nonprofit organizations.<ref>1983 Greenspan Commission on Social Security Reform (1983) [https://www.ssa.gov/history/reports/gspan5.html online version]; "Claude Pepper and Social Security Reform - 1981-1983," [http://www.claudepeppercenter.fsu.edu/webexhibits/socialsecurityreform/socialsecurityreform1981to1983.htm online exhibit]; Paul Charles Light, ''Artful Work: The Politics of Social Security Reform'' (1985)</ref>

===Judicial Appointments===
[[File:Reagan and Justices.jpg|thumb|250px| From left to right: Justices [[Harry Blackmun]], [[Thurgood Marshall]], [[William Brennan]], Chief Justice [[Warren Burger]], President Reagan, [[Sandra Day O'Connor]], [[Byron White]], [[Lewis F. Powell, Jr.]], [[William Rehnquist]] and [[John Paul Stevens]].]]
President Reagan made a total of 381 judicial appointments; 83 to US Court of Appeals, 290 to US District Courts, and 5 to the Supreme Court. 11 were not confirmed.<ref>[https://www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-conservative-turn-of-america-1968-1989-30/the-reagan-administration-228/battles-in-the-courts-and-congress-1289-8810/ President Reagan's Court appointees included: Sandra Day O'Connor, Anton Scalia, Anthony Kennedy, and William Rehnquist as Chief Justice.]</ref>

====Supreme Court====
Reagan fulfilled a promise he unnecessarily made in his 1980 presidential campaign to appoint the first women to the [[U.S. Supreme Court]].<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1291&dat=19801015&id=4zxUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=s40DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4187,2916117&hl=en Reagan pledges woman on court], [[Associated Press]]</ref> On July 7, 1981, he chose the first person he interviewed, without even bothering to interview other candidates, by nominating little-known Arizona judge [[Sandra Day O'Connor]] to become an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. O'Connor succeeded Justice [[Potter Stewart]]. Liberals, who had been ready for a knock-down battle, were stunned that Reagan had appointed a [[feminist]] and welcomed her nomination. [[Pro-life]] groups pointed out that her record indicated her support of [[abortion]]; [[movement conservative]]s [[Jerry Falwell]] opposed her confirmation and Howard Phillips testified against it. Phillips prophetically declared, "People say you can't tell how a Supreme Court nominee will turn out once on the bench. I respectfully disagree. In most cases, it's very clear. I opposed the nomination of Sandra Day O'Connor because it was very clear that she had a pro-[[abortion]] record in the Arizona State Senate and as a judge in Arizona. She was also allied with [[Planned Parenthood]]." With enthusiastic liberal support for O'Connor, she was confirmed by the Senate by a 99–0 vote on September 21 and took her seat September 25.

In 1986 [[Warren E. Burger]] announced his retirement from the Court. Reagan nominated [[Antonin Scalia]] to fill the vacant seat, at the same time that he elevated [[William Rehnquist]] for Chief Justice. Most of the opposition in the Senate focused their opposition on the Rehnquist nomination. Scalia was confirmed by a unanimous 98–0 vote, while Rehnquist was confirmed over substantial opposition.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/22/AR2007082200931.html Rehnquist Confirmed In 65-33 Senate Vote]</ref><ref>[https://www.loc.gov/law/find/nominations/scalia/vote.pdf Floor Vote - Scalia], September 17, 1986</ref>

=====Robert Bork=====
In 1987, Reagan nominated conservative judge [[Robert Bork]] to replace retiring Supreme Court Justice [[Lewis Powell]]. In a highly contentious series of Senate Hearings<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2012/12/19/politics/robert-bork-dead/ Robert Bork, known for contentious Supreme Court nomination, dies at 85], [[CNN]]</ref> senate liberals attacked Bork as being too conservative. Senator [[Ted Kennedy]] criticized him, saying,
:''"Robert Bork's America is a land in which women would be forced into back-alley abortions, blacks would sit at segregated lunch counters, rogue police could break down citizens' doors in midnight raids, schoolchildren could not be taught about evolution, writers and artists could be censored at the whim of the Government, and the doors of the Federal courts would be shut on the fingers of millions of citizens for whom the judiciary is -- and is often the only -- protector of the individual rights that are the heart of our democracy."''<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE5DF1E3EF936A35754C0A961948260 WASHINGTON; Kennedy And Bork], [[The New York Times]]</ref>

The U.S. Senate rejected Bork's confirmation on a 42–58 vote. Reagan then turned to [[Douglas Ginsburg]], who withdrew his name from consideration when it was discovered he smoked [[marijuana]], which was [[illegal]], with his students. Finally, the much less controversial (but more [[liberal]]) Californian [[Anthony Kennedy]] was nominated, who was confirmed on a 97–0 vote.

======"Borking"======
Because of the treatment that Robert Bork received during his confirmation hearing, the term to "be Borked" entered the general lexicon.<ref>[http://beta.townhall.com/columnists/jonahgoldberg/2007/10/26/the_borking_of_american_politics The Borking of American Politics], [[Townhall]]</ref>

===Federalism===
{{main|Federalism|Tenth Amendment}}

As a staunch supporter of the Republic which our [[Founding Fathers]] created and handed down to us, Reagan signed Executive Order 12612 on October 26, 1987.<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=33607 Executive Order 12612 - Federalism]</ref> The EO recognized that the [[Constitution]] only grants authority to a few, specific [[Enumerated powers]]. Outside of these few areas, the role of the Federal Government should not be a meddlesome one, but that the states should be in charge, where citizens have a more direct and local discretion. The EO said "Federalism is rooted in the knowledge that our political liberties are best assured by limiting the size and scope of the national government".

Executive Order 12612 was rescinded with Executive Order 13083 by the [[authoritarian]] [[Democrat]] [[Bill Clinton]] on May 14, 1998.<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=55957 Executive Order 13083 - Federalism]</ref><ref>[https://www.heritage.org/research/reports/1998/06/president-clintons-sellout-of-federalism President Clinton's Sellout of Federalism], [[Heritage Foundation]]</ref>

===War on Drugs===
As President, Reagan declared a "[[War on Drugs]]", which would be policies put forward by the United States and other countries to reduce illegal drug trade. In 1986, President Reagan signed the very prominent Anti-Drug Abuse Act which granted $97 million to build new [[prison]]s, $200 million for drug [[education]] and $241 million for treatment. Overall, $1.7 billion to fight the drug crisis.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/drugs/cron/ Thirty Years of America's Drug War], A Chronology, [[PBS]]</ref> First Lady [[Nancy Reagan]] started a slogan, "[[Just Say No]]" to drug use. The term was used in television advertising, and today there are many "Just Say No" drug clinics. As a result of the policies, [[marijuana]] use dropped from 33% of high-school seniors in 1980 to 12% in 1991.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/drugs/interviews/kleber.html Interview with Dr. Herbert Kleber], [[PBS]]</ref>

===Illegal immigration===
November 6, 1986, Reagan signed into law the [[Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986]], also known as the Simpson-Mazzoli Act, named after it's two authors: Romano Mazzoli and [[Alan Simpson]].<ref>[http://humanevents.com/2007/06/04/simpsonmazzoli-twentyone-years-later/ Simpson-Mazzoli: Twenty-One Years Later], [[Human Events]]</ref>

In his diaries, Reagan wrote that he wanted to sign the bill because of how important it was to regain control of our borders.<ref>[http://www.ontheissues.org/Celeb/Ronald_Reagan_Immigration.htm Ronald Reagan on Immigration]</ref> But the bill had largely the opposite effect. By granting a pathway to citizenship (amnesty) to 2.7 million illegal aliens, the law encouraged unlawful entry by more than 10 million additional new illegal aliens. However, Reagan was not enthusiastic about, and did not make an effort to enforce, the law's provision making it illegal for employers to hire illegal aliens.<ref>Kammer, Jerry (January 3, 2019). [https://www.cis.org/Kammer/How-Washington-Post-Expose-Trump-Missed-Story-How-Reagan-Wrecked-Immigration-Reform How the Washington Post Exposé of Trump Missed the Story of How Reagan Wrecked Immigration Reform]. ''Center for Immigration Studies''. Retrieved January 3, 2019.</ref>

==Foreign policy==

===Strategic Defense Initiative===

Reagan's 1983 [[Strategic Defense Initiative]] became popularly known as "[[Star Wars]]", the name given to it by critics because they thought it was pure fantasy like the popular [[George Lucas]] films. This plan was never fully instituted. Although billions of dollars were spent on development, no space-based missile defense was tested successfully during Reagan's terms in office. However, the main goal was achieved of forcing the Soviets to realize they could no longer compete in the Cold War.

The threat the Soviet Union felt from the SDI initiative forced them to negotiate an end to the arms race, according to many involved with diplomacy at the time and can be seen by following Gorbachev's repeated public insistences that the SDI program be discontinued. [[Henry Kissinger]] wrote:
:''I know it's an axiomatic view of the Left around the world that missile defense is sinful, and that it's desirable to keep each nation as vulnerable as possible. But that's a debatable premise. The U.S. must defend itself against ''whoever'' has missiles that would threaten the United States. And you don't have to be able to name an enemy.''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050308023334/http://www.doublestandards.org/dreifus1.html An interview with Henry Kissinger], by Claudia Dreifus, August 29th, 2001</ref>

===Flight 007===
Reagan was president at the time of the shooting down of [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]]. He termed the shoot-down of an innocent straying passenger plane with 269 passengers and crew, including Congressman [[Larry McDonald]], as a "massacre". The ensuing rage over the tragedy both worldwide and in the U.S. provided support for the deployment of cruise and Pershing ll missiles in West Europe- just six minutes flying time from Moscow.

===Soviet Union===
Shortly after taking office in 1981 Reagan issued National Security Decision Directive 11–82, (NSDD 11-82), that explicitly made U.S. defense spending a form of economic warfare against the Soviets. The directive was known more unofficially as the Reagan Initiative, and was an incorporation of the principle of [[Peace through strength]].

The United States would "exploit and demonstrate the enduring economic advantages of the West to develop a variety of [arms] systems that are difficult for the Soviets to counter, impose disproportionate costs, open up new areas of major military competition and obsolesce previous Soviet investment or employ sophisticated strategic options to achieve this end. Reagan's [[Strategic Defense Initiative]] (SDI), or "Star Wars" as the media referred to it, was a costly high-tech research and development program designed to make arms spending a "rising burden on the Soviet economy."<ref>Peter Schweizer , [http://www.reason.com/news/show/28929.html ''Reagan's War: The Epic Story of His Forty Year Struggle and Final Triumph Over Communism''], New York: Doubleday, 2002.</ref>
The Reagan Initiative was also concerned with aiding nations in active conflict with the Soviet Union. One such group was the [[mujahideen]] of Afghanistan who were given anti-aircraft missiles to fight the Soviet invaders.

A report by the CIA of the critical domestic economic problems and social discontent Soviet General Secretary Gorbachev provided a look what the sources of his principal dilemma-the very reforms needed to deal with the problems would threaten preservation of the [[nomenklatura]] and put at risk Gorbachev's ability to maintain the power to bring about [[Perestroika]].<ref>CIA Assessments of the Soviet Union: [https://www.cia.gov/csi/monograph/russia/enter.html Chapter 5, Enter Gorbachev ], Douglas J. MacEachin, CIA Publications, 1996.</ref>

====Reykjavík Summit====
[[Image:Photo 4 250.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Reagan and Gorbachev at Reykjavik]]
{{main|Reykjavík Summit}}

Gorbachev requested a Summit with Reagan in Reykjavik in October 1986 to discuss the stresses competition from Reagan's defense posture was having on Soviet military spending and economy, and Gorbachev's ability to carryout his plans of restructuring Communist control. Gorbachev told the [[Politburo]] in preparation for the Summit, "Our goal is to prevent the next round of arms race. If we do not do this ... will pulled into an arms race beyond our power, and we will lose this race, for we are presently at the limit of out capabilities."<ref>Notes of Politburo Meeting 4 October 1986, [https://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/22/documents/reykjavik/ Gorbachev's instructions for the group preparing for Reykjavik]</ref>

Initially, Reagan recognized that the Soviets were offering a bad deal at the [[Reykjavík Summit]], so he walked away from the table.<ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/423381/reagans-lesson-obama-no-agreement-better-bad-agreement-thom-tillis Reagan's Lesson to Obama: 'No Agreement Is Better Than a Bad Agreement'], [[National Review]]</ref>

A year later, the ''Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF)'', which was signed by Reagan and Gorbachev on December 8, 1987.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/12/newsid_3732000/3732902.stm 1986: Reykjavik summit ends in failure], [[BBC]]</ref>

===Dealing with the Soviets===
Gorbachev, weakened by his nation's economic [[malaise]], frightened by SDI, and committed to reforming the Soviet system before it collapsed, realized he had to end the Cold War to save Communism. Reagan proved willing to deal, but had to face three sources of criticism inside the U.S. The political right represented by the ''[[National Review]]'' and columnists such as [[George F. Will]] feared it was all a Soviet trap. Reagan used his enormous influence within the conservative movement to disarm these critics before disarming the Russians. Second were the "realists", led by Nixon and Henry A. Kissinger, who thought Reagan was going too far. The third group comprised segments of the intelligence community and military; they did not believe that the Soviet Union was as weak as Reagan and secretary of state, George P. Shultz, believed. Reagan, reelected in a landslide and at the peak of his power, pushed ahead with a series of agreements that effectively weakened the Soviet Empire and made it clear America had the initiative.<ref>James Mann, ''The Rebellion of Ronald Reagan'' (2009)</ref>

By the late 1980s, the Soviet Union began unilateral force cuts and troop withdrawals from Eastern Europe, and by May 1989 an unprecedented series of disclosures by senior Soviet officials revealed actual reductions in defense spending for the 1986-1990 and 1991-1995 Five Year Plan periods.<ref>Christopher Wilkinson NATO Review, [http://www.nato.int/docu/review/1991/9102-4.htm Soviet Defense Spending], NATO's Economics Directorate No. 2 - April 1991, Vol. 39 p. 16-22</ref> Genrikh Grofimenko, a former adviser to [[Leonid Brezhnev]], said "Ninety-nine percent of the Russian people believe that [the US] won the Cold War because of your president's insistence on SDI".<ref>Peter Schweizer, ''Reagan’s War''.</ref> Gennady Gerasimov, the Soviet Foreign Ministry's top spokesman during the 1980s, said "Reagan's SDI was a very successful blackmail. The Soviet economy couldn't endure such competition."<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122478630951963297 Freedom's Team], [[Wall Street Journal]]</ref>

Reagan also brought about the collapse of the [[Berlin Wall]], which was a symbol of [[communism]] and oppressed the [[freedom]] of East Berliners that wanted to move to West Berlin.

===Containment and the Iranian initiative===
[[Image:C26887-26.jpg|right|250px|thumb|President Reagan being sworn in for second term in the rotunda at the U.S. Capitol, 1/21/85]]
{{main|Containment}}

In 1985, after Reagan won reelection to his second term, the focus turned from reviving the domestic economy to several foreign policy matters which had been lingering throughout the decade. One such matter involved Iran, a longtime ally of the Western Allies since 1941 that had experienced an [[Islamic Revolution]] in 1979 after President Carter announced [[Human Rights]] had superseded [[Containment]] as the primary focus of American foreign policy. Since 1980, Iran had been enmeshed in a brutal trench war with neighboring Iraq which was emerging as a potent military threat in the region to other allies. Members of the National Security Council staff, along with CIA Director [[William Casey]], persuaded Reagan much could be gained and several problems could be addressed simultaneously with an overture to Iran to restore relations.

The objective of the plan was fourfold:
#Take steps to restore good relations with the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]] which was becoming increasingly hostile to the West;
#Take measures to convince Iran that Israel could become a friend and ally;
#Insurance against Iraq becoming too strong which would become a threat to [[Kuwait]] or [[Saudi Arabia]];
#Provide funding for other operations to continue the policy of containment in the Western Hemisphere, most notably [[Nicaragua]], and the violence the Soviet/Cuban/Nicaragua connection was creating in [[El Salvador]] and [[Honduras]].

There were humanitarian aspects to the proposal as well; (1) the [[Iran-Iraq War]] had stalemated for nearly six years and Reagan was advised that he was in the unique position as president to help facilitate bringing a senseless war with much suffering to an end; (2) the suffering of the people of the Central American Republics at the hands of Soviet-inspired subversion which had in the decade of the '80s established a beachhead in North America; (3) Iran perhaps could be persuaded to use its good offices to influence hostage-takers in [[Lebanon]] who had held several Western prisoners, many of them Christian Missionaries, for several years.

Reports had filtered back to Reagan that children as young as nine years old had been used by Iran to clear minefields.<ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/iran-iraq.htm Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988), ''Iraqi Retreats, 1982-84''], Globalsecurity.org, retrieved 20 March 2007.</ref> In weighing Iraq's delicate Sunni/Shia balance and the growing threat of Iranian-sponsored terrorism, the NSC staff and Casey recognized the dangers of an Iraqi collapse as well as the urgent need to dissuade Iran from continuing its ruthless and inhumane tactics.<ref>[http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB82/iraq53.pdf NSDD 139, 5 April 1984].</ref>

The [[Boland amendment]], a Vietnam era-style Congressional impingement on the legitimate foreign policy prerogatives of the Executive via the power of the purse, was used to deny Reagan's recommitment to the [[Truman Doctrine]] which had been adhered to by every President, Democratic and Republican alike since Truman, with the exception of [[President Carter]] whose [[human rights]] policy had brought one of the active belligerents, the [[Ayatollah Khomeini]], to power. In three of the active Soviet fronts, [[Afghanistan]], [[Nicaragua]], and [[El Salvador]], some Congressional Democratic leaders were openly sympathetic to Soviet foreign policy.<ref>[https://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/004/591eifow.asp ''One Weekend in April, A Long Time Ago ... What John Kerry thought about the Sandinista in Nicaragua''], Hugh Hewitt, The Weekly Standard, 09/09/2004.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060331222819/www.newsmax.com/archives/ic/2004/6/7/234527.shtml ''Kerry: 'I'm Proud I Stood Against Reagan''] Carl Limbacher and NewsMax.com Staff, 7 June 2004.</ref> So the decision was made to fund [[Containment]] of Soviet objectives on an active front in North America with sales of TOW missiles to Iran. Israel provided the TOWs because the [[Boland Amendment]] forbade direct US funding and it was a welcome opportunity for Israel to build bridges to a much-needed friend in the Middle East.

The operation was known as the "[[Iran-Contra affair]]." After word got out about the operation in November 1986, investigations were made, leading to the convictions of several members of the Reagan administration. President Reagan himself testified before the Tower Commission that he had poor recollection of the details of the operation due in part to the heavy pain medications he had been on in that period.

===Nicaragua===
In 1981 Robert McFarlane, then assistant to the Secretary of State proposed a coordinated covert political, economic, and military approach to the pro-Communist [[Sandinista]] government in Nicaragua and the insurgency in El Salvador, led by [[Daniel Ortega]]. His proposal was approved in January 1982, in "National Security Directive 17," which provided for a $20 million program against the Sandinista government and gave the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA) responsibility for organizing a five-hundred-man "interdiction" force.<ref>See [http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/nsdd/nsdd-017.htm Portions online]</ref> Democrats in Congress began voicing opposition in 1982; Reagan and Congress were in constant battle until 1987, when all five Central American heads of state signed a peace accord. The Sandinistas and Contras signed a cease-fire agreement in 1988, and in 1991 democratic elections overthrew the Sandinista regime.<ref>James M. Scott, "Interbranch Rivalry and the Reagan Doctrine in Nicaragua." ''Political Science Quarterly'' 1997 112(2): 237-260.</ref>

===Beirut===
During the Lebanese Civil War, Reagan sent peacekeeping forces as a part of a multinational force to Beirut. On October 23, 1983, the barracks were bombed. As a result of the bombing, 241 Americans were killed.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1697&dat=19860827&id=ljQqAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZUcEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6550,6530129&hl=en Reagan says worst mistake involved Marines in Beirut]</ref> The Embassy was also attacked, which resulted in the deaths of 63 people, 17 of which were Americans.<ref>[http://www.deseretnews.com/article/515039782/1983-Beirut-bomb-began-era-of-terror.html?pg=all 1983 Beirut bomb began era of terror]</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/1023.html Beirut Death Toll at 161 Americans; French Casualties Rise in Bombings; Reagan Insists Marines Will Remain], [[New York Times]]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=BMnUBQJBbgIC&pg=PT157 Seven Events That Made America America: And Proved That the Founding Fathers Were Right All Along], by Larry Schweikart</ref>

===Grenada===
On March 13, 1979, the New Joint Endeavor for Welfare, Education, and Liberation Movement (New Jewel Movement—NJM), ousted Sir Eric Gairy in a coup and established a People's Revolutionary Government (PRG) headed by Maurice Bishop, who became Prime Minister of [[Grenada]]. His Marxist–Leninist government established close ties with Cuba, the Soviet Union, and other communist bloc countries.

In October 1983, a power struggle within the government resulted in the arrest and execution of Bishop and several members of his cabinet and the killing of dozens of his supporters by elements of the People's Revolutionary Army (PRA).

A U.S.-Caribbean force landed on Grenada on October 25, 1983, for Operation Urgent Fury, in response to an appeal from the Governor General and to a request for assistance from Barbados and other Eastern Caribbean states. U.S. citizens were evacuated, and order was restored.

An advisory council named by the Governor General administered the country until general elections were held in December 1984. The New National Party (NNP) led by Herbert Blaize won 14 out of 15 seats in free and fair elections and formed a democratic government. Grenada's constitution had been suspended in 1979 by the PRG, but it was restored after the 1984 elections.

===Cold War victory===
[[Image:300px-ReaganBerlinWall.jpg‎|right|275px|thumb|"Mr.Gorbachev, tear down this wall!"]] Reagan is credited for ending the [[Cold War]] in victory for the United States. Historian Tony Judt in ''Postwar'' credits Soviet leader [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], while the political scientist Jan Kubik presents a viewpoint that credits [[Pope John Paul II]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080221230216/http://praguepost.com/articles/2007/02/28/letters-to-the-editor.php Letters to the Editor]</ref> Other historians contend structural weaknesses within the Communist bloc meant Reagan's actions were inconsequential to the end of [[communism]]. This is the view adopted by [[Russia]]ns themselves, and many political historians, citing ''[[perestroika]]'' and ''[[glasnost]]'' as beginning an inevitable slow fading of central power, and a collapse by irreconcilable differences between the central Soviet [[Politburo]] and the constituent republics, especially the [[Ukraine]].<ref>David Remnick, "Lenin's Tomb</ref> In the end, the consensus seems to point to all of the above, that hastened the demise of the Soviet Union; Internal factors, religious pressure brought by the Pope, Gorbachev's "Perestroika" and the united front of Ronald Reagan and [[Margaret Thatcher]], leading [[NATO]] and [[the West]] to embed a [[SDI|missile defense system]] in [[Western Europe]], and the economic superiority of [[Capitalism]], which simply out-spent and out-performed that of the Communist one.

One thing that cannot be quantified is Reagan's ability to give [[hope]], his never-ending optimism that good would indeed triumph over evil.<ref>[http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/us/2015/March/That-Time-the-President-Spoke-Truth-about-Our-Enemies/?Print=true That Time the President Spoke Truth about Our Enemies], [[Christian Broadcasting Network]]</ref> Many see that as key to bringing extra confidence to those locked behind the "[[Iron Curtain]]" to press even harder for reforms.

Columnist Cal Thomas wrote about it like this:

{{cquote|'''''He proved he was right about the big things.'' Faced with editorial denunciations at home and massive demonstrations in [[Europe]] against his plan to put missiles there to offset a [[Soviet]] threat, Reagan went ahead and did it anyway. The Soviets could not keep pace with the buildup or Reagan's proposed missile defense system (derided by insincere and dangerous critics as "[[Star Wars]]"). ''When those critics could not bring themselves to admit they were wrong, they unpersuasively claimed the Soviet Union fell under its own weight.'' More accurately, Reagan pushed it onto "the ash heap of history," with the able assistance of British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and [[Pope John Paul II]]. What Reagan did more than anything else - and it will be his lasting legacy - is replace [[despair]] with hope. Most people, even his detractors, felt a glow from being in his presence.

'''''He was the kindest, most gracious president I have met, and I have met them all since JFK. In his presence you felt he was interested in you and not himself. He was a good man.''''' <ref>[http://www.townhall.com/columnists/CalThomas/2004/06/07/ronald_reagans_wonderful_life Ronald Reagan's wonderful life], [[Townhall]]</ref>}}

[[Brian Mulroney]], the [[Canada|Canadian]] Prime Minister, Eulogized Reagan at his state funeral:
{{cquote|'''Some in the West during the early 1980s believed communism and democracy were equally valid and viable. This was the school of "[[moral equivalence]]." In contrast Ronald Reagan saw Soviet Communism as a menace to be confronted in the genuine belief that its squalid underpinning would fall swiftly to the gathering winds of [[freedom]]. Provided, as he said, that NATO and the industrialized democracies stood firm and united. They did. ''And we know now who was right.'''''<ref>[http://reagan2020.us/eulogies/mulroney.asp Brian Mulroney on Ronald Reagan]</ref>}}

Former Reagan speech writer [[Peggy Noonan]] paid tribute to the fallen president in a [[Wall Street Journal]] editorial. In it, Noonan noted:
{{Cquote|'''Ronald Reagan told the truth to a world made weary by lies. He believed truth was the only platform on which a better future could be built. He shocked the world when he called the Soviet Union ‘evil,’ because it was, and an 'empire,' because it was that, too. He never stopped bringing his message to the people of the world, to Europe and China and in the end the Soviet Union. And when it was over, the Berlin Wall had been turned into a million concrete souvenirs, and Soviet communism had fallen. But of course, it didn’t fall. It was pushed. By Mr. Know-Nothing-Cowboy-Gunslinger-Dimwit. ''All presidents should be so stupid...'''''<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB108656337732830162 Thanks from a Grateful Country], [[WSJ]]</ref>}}

Reagan earned the undying animosity of leftists by not only saving capitalism by destroying the socialist [[Great Society]] programs, before he left office the two communist monoliths, Russia and China, converted to capitalism. America had fought two horrible, violent wars in Korea and Vietnam against the spread of leftist ideology and institutions, to a stalemate. Reagan saved the planet from communist slavery, and Democrats hated him for it.

===Libya===
In the 1980s, [[Muammar al-Gaddafi]] became a sponsor of [[terrorism]]. President [[Ronald Reagan]] ordered a retaliatory bombing of his palace and key Libyan targets in April 1986 during Operation El Dorado Canyon. At the time, Gaddafi, [[Fidel Castro]], and [[Leonid Brezhnev]] were considered to be an "unholy trinity".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=rVXuAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22unholy+trinity%22&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22unholy+trinity%22 Time Inc., 1982], [[Time Magazine]]</ref>
[[Image:Reagan and Thatcher.jpg‎|right|225px|thumb|Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher at the [[White House]]]]
===Thatcher on Reagan===

Upon his death, [[Margaret Thatcher]], in very ill health from a series of strokes, insisted upon traveling to America to bid farewell to her old friend, and taped a stirring tribute to him:
{{cquote|'''As Prime Minister, I worked closely with Ronald Reagan for eight of the most important years of all our lives. We talked regularly both before and after his presidency. And I have had time and cause to reflect on what made him a great president. Ronald Reagan knew his own mind. He had firm principles - and, I believe, right ones. He expounded them clearly, he acted upon them decisively. ''When the world threw problems at the White House, he was not baffled, or disorientated, or overwhelmed. He knew almost instinctively what to do.'''''

'''When his aides were preparing option papers for his decision, they were able to cut out entire rafts of proposals that they knew 'the Old Man' would never wear. When his allies came under Soviet or domestic pressure, they could look confidently to Washington for firm leadership. And when his enemies tested American resolve, they soon discovered that his resolve was firm and unyielding. ''Yet his ideas, though clear, were never simplistic. He saw the many sides of truth.'' Yes, he warned that the Soviet Union had an insatiable drive for military power and territorial expansion; but he also sensed it was being eaten away by systemic failures impossible to reform. Yes, he did not shrink from denouncing Moscow's 'evil empire'.'''

'''But he realized that a man of goodwill might nonetheless emerge from within its dark corridors. So the President resisted Soviet expansion and pressed down on Soviet weakness at every point until the day came when communism began to collapse beneath the combined weight of these pressures and its own failures. And when a man of goodwill did emerge from the ruins, President Reagan stepped forward to shake his hand and to offer sincere cooperation. ''Nothing was more typical of Ronald Reagan than that large-hearted magnanimity - and nothing was more American.'''''<ref>[http://reagan2020.us/eulogies/thatcher.asp Margaret Thatcher on Ronald Reagan]</ref>}}

==Post-presidency==
[[Image:5.jpg|left|thumb|250px|President Bush presents the Medal of Freedom Award to Former President Ronald Reagan in the East Room of the White House, 01/13/93]]
Reagan retired to California. He would occasionally involve himself in politics, including a speech in Britain addressing the [[Tiananmen Square massacre]], and an address at the 1992 Republican National Convention.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/14/world/reagan-gets-a-red-carpet-from-british.html Reagan Gets A Red Carpet From British], [[The New York Times]], June 14, 1989, "''You cannot massacre an idea, you cannot run tanks over hope. You cannot riddle a people's yearning with bullets. Those heroic Chinese students who gave their lives have released the spirit of democracy and it cannot be called back. That spirit is loose upon the world this spring''."</ref><ref>[http://www.nbcuniversalarchives.com/nbcuni/clip/5112542724_007.do President Reagan Speaks Out on Tiananmen Square Massacre], [[NBC]]</ref>

At a speech in front of the National Association of Broadcasters on April 13, 1992, Reagan was assaulted by a radical anti-nuclear protester masquerading as a press agent.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/16/us/protester-at-reagan-speech-had-press-credentials.html Protester at Reagan Speech Had Press Credentials], [[The New York Times]]</ref> The protester, identified as Rick Paul Springer, was the founder of a group called ''The 100th Monkey''.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1993-07-16/news/mn-13621_1_las-vegas Man Who Disrupted Reagan Speech Flees 4-Month Jail Term]</ref> At the event, Reagan was awarded a 2-foot statue for his contributions to broadcasting, made out of crystal weighing nearly 30 pounds.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/14/us/reagan-unhurt-after-man-smashes-30-pound-statue.html Reagan Unhurt After Man Smashes 30-Pound Statue], [[The New York Times]]</ref> When Springer smashed the statue, some shards did hit Reagan, but he was not hurt.

After the secret service rushed the man off stage, Reagan asked the crowd "Was that a democrat by chance?",<ref>[http://www.deseretnews.com/article/221028/NUCLEAR-PROTESTER-RUSHES-REAGAN-SMASHES-STATUE.html?pg=all NUCLEAR PROTESTER RUSHES REAGAN, SMASHES STATUE]</ref> to which the crowd burst into laughter.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NaLMmcY3vs0 President Reagan Attacked at NAB Convention Las Vegas April 1992 480p], [[CBS News]] video from 1992</ref> A spokesman for the [[Secret Service]] said that he was not sure how Springer got so close to Reagan to begin with.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1992-04-19/news/vw-684_1_secret-service-protection How Do You Really Protect a President?], [[Los Angeles Times]]</ref>

On January 13, 1993 President George H. W. Bush awarded Reagan the Presidential [[Medal of Freedom]]. Reagan was becoming increasingly forgetful. His last public appearance was on April 27, 1994, at the funeral for President Richard Nixon.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ewc1V-KnRMYC&pg=PA182 Ronald Reagan: A Biography]</ref> In November 1994, he announced that he had been diagnosed in August with [[Alzheimer's disease]], a degenerative nerve disorder that annihilates the victim's mental capacity.

([[See Reagan's letter to the American people regarding his disease.]])

He died at his [[Los Angeles|Bel Air]] home on June 5, 2004 at the age of 93, making him the second-longest lived president in history after [[Gerald Ford]]. Reagan was buried at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation and Library, located in Simi Valley, California, on June 11, 2004.<ref>[http://www.reaganfoundation.org/listviewf.aspx?session_args=NCrq/CB0Nbp/onw6gOr7mg==&p=LM2002EX&tx=13&h1=7&h2=3&sw=lm_exhibit&lm=libraryandmuseum&args_a=cms&args_b=32&argsb=N Exhibitions]</ref>

==Legacy and Honors==
[[Image:Reagan at the Rotunda.jpg|right|thumb|150px|The State of California donated a statue of Reagan to the [[National Statuary Hall Collection]] in 2009. The statue is currently in the Rotunda.<ref>[https://www.aoc.gov/capitol-hill/national-statuary-hall-collection/ronald-wilson-reagan Ronald Wilson Reagan]</ref>]]
There is growing consensus among scholars, both conservative and liberal, that he was the most influential president since [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]. Reagan left a major imprint on American politics, diplomacy, culture, and economics.<ref>"As of this writing, among academic historians, the Reagan revisionists—who view the 1980s as an era of mixed blessings at worst, and of great forward strides in some renditions—hold the field," reports Doug Rossinow, "Talking Points Memo," in American Quarterly 59.4 (2007) p. 1279. For more historiographical support see: Troy (2009); Hayward (2009); Wilentz (2008); also Charles L. Ponce de Leon, "The New Historiography of the 1980s" in ''Reviews in American History,'' Volume 36, Number 2, June 2008, pp. 303-314; Whitney Strub, "Further into the Right: The Ever-Expanding Historiography of the U.S. New Right," ''Journal of Social History,'' Volume 42, Number 1, Fall 2008, pp. 183-194; Kim Phillips-Fein, "Ronald Reagan: Fate, Freedom, and Making of History," ''Enterprise & Society'', Volume 8, Number 4, December 2007, pp. 986-988.</ref>

On March 26, 1982, Reagan's boyhood home in Dixon, Illinois<ref>[https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/presidents/ronald_reagan_boyhood_home.html Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home]</ref> was added to the National Register of Historic Places.<ref>[http://www.discoverdixon.org/dixon-community/70-reagan-s-roots.html Reagan's Roots]</ref> In 2002, Congress authorized<ref>[https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/400/text/pl To authorize the Secretary of the Interior to establish the Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home National Historic Site, and for other purposes]</ref> the purchase of the property and placed under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service.<ref>[http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2002-02-07/news/0202070346_1_boyhood-home-reagan-home-historic-site Reagan home is a historic site], [[Chicago Tribune]]</ref>

Reagan has come to be known by some conservatives as '''Ronaldus Magnus'''.<ref>[http://moonbattery.com/?p=66847 Vintage Christmas Address From Ronaldus Magnus], [[Moonbattery]]</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIAVrsmO_1Q Rush Limbaugh- Tribute To Ronald Reagan Part 1], Segment from the [[Rush Limbaugh]] TV show, February 6, 1996</ref>

The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, [[Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport]], and the aircraft carrier [[USS Ronald Reagan]] (CVN-76) are named in his honor.<ref>[http://www.reagan.navy.mil/ USS Ronald Reagan]</ref><ref>[http://www.uscarriers.net/cvn76history.htm USS RONALD REAGAN], USS ''Ronald Reagan'' CVN 76 official website</ref>

In 2011, the Toyon Park in the [[Anaheim Hills]] area of [[Anaheim]], [[California]] was renamed the Ronald Reagan Park.<ref>{{cite news |first=Eric |last=Carpenter |title=Ronald Reagan gets park named after him |url=https://www.ocregister.com/2011/02/09/ronald-reagan-gets-park-named-after-him/ |publisher=Orange County Register |date=February 9, 2011}}</ref>

[[Edwin Feulner]], one of the founders of the [[Heritage Foundation]], described Reagan's legacy this way: "At a time when patriotism was mocked, he exposed the bankruptcy of modern liberalism and proved that true liberty is still a fighting faith."<ref>[https://www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2004/06/the-legacy-of-ronald-reagan The Legacy of Ronald Reagan], [[Heritage Foundation]]</ref>

Conservatives such as [[Grover Norquist]] and his Reagan Legacy Project have sought to name at least one major structure in each U.S. country after Reagan, resulting in a large number of structures after him.<ref>Moody, Chris; Capachi, Casey (September 15, 2017). [https://www.cnn.com/2015/09/16/politics/ronald-reagan-naming-debate-2016/index.html Why Ronald Reagan's name is everywhere]. ''CNN''. Retrieved September 15, 2017.</ref>

Liberal Democrats have had a certain level of respect for Reagan because of his influential status in American history, though they also frequently weaponize him and his quotes when criticizing conservatives.<ref>Larsen, Emily (July 19, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/unlike-other-democrats-pete-buttigieg-has-no-use-for-ronald-reagans-legacy Unlike other Democrats, Pete Buttigieg has no use for Ronald Reagan’s legacy]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 20, 2019.</ref>

===Conservative Activism===
[[Image:Reagan and Buckley.jpg|left|thumb|250px|President Reagan meets with Conservative icon [[William F. Buckley]]]]
Since Reagan's passing and even prior to it, there has been a concerted effort by [[RINOs]] to make him seem less conservative than he was during his life. There have been plenty of former democrats who switched parties and became Republicans, but few of them spent as much time helping to build the '''conservative movement''' over the decades, as well as keeping the legacy of the [[Founding Fathers]] alive.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2016/04/04/juan-williams-ronald-reagan-loved-founding-fathers.html?intcmp=obinsite Juan Williams: Ronald Reagan loved the Founding Fathers], [[Fox News]]</ref> Prior to the era of the [[Tea Party Movement]], conservative efforts and organizations have come and gone, many of which Reagan stood side by side with. The ''Town Meeting for Freedom'', which sometimes led to accusations of him being a "Bircher";<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=iuaeEX-1yKgC&pg=PA124 The Right Moment: Ronald Reagan's First Victory and the Decisive Turning]</ref> he was a member of ''Project Prayer'', which rallied after the [[Supreme Court]] banned prayer in public schools;<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=7IBuD1fC_tkC&dq=%22project+prayer%22 Ronald Reagan], by George Sullivan</ref> he appeared at rallies for groups like ''Project Alert'' and the ''Christian Anti-Communist Crusade'';<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=-nnsCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT23 Selling Ronald Reagan: The Emergence of a President]</ref> he joined the board of YAF, the [[Young Americans for Freedom]](which later became the [[Young America's Foundation]])<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=fPWPDH-0TZYC&pg=PA67 Reagan's Revolution: The Untold Story of the Campaign That Started It All]</ref> and helped make it a successful organization; and he was open for years about his love for the conservative publication [[Human Events]],<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=C1kvsToagGEC&pg=PA24 President Reagan: The Triumph of Imagination]</ref> which helped to increase its prominence. During the 1970s, Reagan helped transform the [[National Rifle Association]] into what it is today, with Reagan being the first presidential candidate they had endorsed in their then 109-year history.<ref>[http://www.thenation.com/article/how-nra-became-organization-aspiring-vigilantes-part-2/ How the NRA Became an Organization for Aspiring Vigilantes], The [[Nation magazine]]</ref>

To listen to some pundits, journalists, and other political figures, you would think Reagan changed the letter D after his name into the letter R, made a few speeches here and there, and then washed his hands of it. Nothing could be further from the truth. He spent a lifetime in the trenches once he decided to become a conservative. He was all-in. Once Reagan became president, he was not afraid to champion conservative causes, nor talk about his faith and his belief in God. He frequently talked about the importance of religious faith to a free society.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2016/02/06/ronald-reagan-remembering-champion-religious-liberty-on-his-birthday.html Ronald Reagan: Remembering the champion of religious liberty on his birthday], [[Fox News]]</ref>

==Family==
[[File:Reagan Family.jpg|left|160px|thumb|Ronald and Nancy Reagan with Patti Davis, Ron, Maureen, and Michael Reagan, 1976.]]
On January 26, 1940, Reagan married actress Jane Wyman at The Wee Kirk o' the Heather chapel in Glendale, California.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1989-08-13/local/me-908_1_forest-lawn 'Till Death Do Us Part : A Wedding at a Cemetery Might Seem Macabre, but Forest Lawn's 2 Chapels Are Booked 6 Months Ahead], [[Los Angeles Times]]</ref>

Wyman was an Oscar-winning actress for her role in the 1948 movie ''Johnny Belinda''. They had three children together: Maureen Elizabeth Reagan (1941-2001), who passed away from malignant [[melanoma]] within months of diagnosis, at age 60; [[Michael Reagan|Michael Edward Reagan]] (b. 1945-),<ref>Michael Reagan is the adopted son of Wyman and Reagan. See conservapedia.com: "[[Michael Reagan]]"</ref> and Christine Reagan (June 26 & 27, 1947). She was born prematurely and survived only one day. The baby's death traumatized Wyman. In 1948, Wyman (who married a total of four times) divorced Reagan in 1948. Ironically, Wyman was a Republican at the time while Reagan was a Democrat.

A year later, he met actress [[Nancy Davis]] (b. 1921). In 1952 they married at the Little Brown Church in Studio City, California.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2016/03/07/reagans-church-is-big-in-japan/ Reagan's Church in L.A. is 'Big in Japan']</ref> They remained married until his death in 2004. Together they had two children, Patricia "Patti" Ann Davis (b. 1952) and [[Ron P. Reagan|Ronald Prescott Reagan]] (b. 1958).

==Excellent sense of humor==
The opposite of many of today's politicians, Reagan had an excellent sense of humor<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BTIfGFJqLko</ref>. When he had almost been assassinated, he removed his oxygen mask and cracked a joke "I hope you're all Republicans".<ref>https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/i-hope-you-are-all-republicans-john-j-miller/</ref> Reagan also poked fun at his age multiple times, such as when he answered a question in a presidential debate against Walter Mondale about his age. His response to that question included the words "I am not going to exploit for political purposes my opponent's youth and inexperience".<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fJhCjMfRndk</ref> The one-liner was so humorous and clever that even Mondale genuinely laughed at it. In addition, Reagan had also once humorously remarked that the "nine most terrifying words in the English language are 'I'm from the government and I'm here to help'"<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhYJS80MgYA</ref>
==Miscellaneous Facts==
*Reagan was the first president to break the so-called "Curse of Tippecanoe," i.e., the first president elected in a twenty-year cycle who did not die in office (although an attempt was made on his life in 1981).
*At 69, Reagan was the oldest man elected to the presidency for a first term.
*Reagan loved [[jelly bean]]s.<ref>[https://reaganlibrary.archives.gov/archives/reference/jellybellies.html JELLY BELLY JELLY BEANS AND RONALD REAGAN]</ref> The blueberry flavor was made in his honor. [[Jelly Belly]] even created a Ronald Reagan [[portraits|portrait]] out of jelly beans.<ref>[https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2146733/Art-thats-good-eat-Incredible-jelly-bean-portraits-use-10-000-sweets.html Art that’s good enough to eat: Incredible jelly bean portraits that each use more than 10,000 sweets]</ref>
*After his death, some of his closest supporters wished to put him on the $10 bill.<ref>[https://money.cnn.com/2004/06/08/news/economy/reagan_hamilton/index.htm Reagan the new face of the $10 bill?], [[CNN]]</ref>
*Reagan played college football player [[George Gipp]] in the film ''Knute Rockne: All American'' (1940), and was affectionately known as "The Gipper" ever since.<ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/208420/taxing-experience A Taxing Experience], [[National Review]]</ref>
*Reagan signed Proclamation 5018 declaring 1983 the [[Year of the Bible]].
*The booth where Ronald proposed to Nancy from the restaurant ''Chasen's'' is on display at the Reagan Library.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/2003/oct/14/local/me-reagan14 Reagan Library to Roll Out Renovated Galleries, Exhibits]</ref>
*Reagan kept a small plaque on his desk with the words "There is no limit to what a man can do or where he can go if he does not mind who gets the credit".<ref>[https://www.reaganfoundation.org/ronald-reagan/the-presidency/reagan-the-man/ Reagan the Man], Reagan Foundation</ref>

== Quotes ==
{{main|Ronald Reagan Quotes}}

==See also==
* [[Ronald Reagan's First Inaugural Speech]]
* [[Ronald Reagan's 1980 Republican National Convention Speech]]
* [[Ronald Reagan's 1984 Republican National Convention Speech]]
* [[How Ronald Reagan won the Cold War]]
* [[Limited government]]
* [[Conservatives]] and [[Libertarians]]
* [[Encroaching Control: Keep Government Poor and Remain Free]]
* [[Ronald Reagan's speech on KAL 007#Text of the speech|Ronald Reagan's Speech on KAL 007]]
* [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]]
* [[U.S. Peace Council]]
* [[Reagan revolution]]
* [[Richard Clarke]]
* [[List of Conservative or pro-Conservative Hollywood stars]]
* [[Conservative media#Hollywood Conservatives|Hollywood conservatives]]
* [[Essay:List of celebrities who support the Second Amendment]]
* [[Loyal Davis]]
* [[Let Them Go Their Way]] - Reagan's speech to CPAC, 1975
* [[Ronald Reagan's Address to Young Americans for Freedom]], 1975
* [https://mises.org/library/sad-legacy-ronald-reagan-0 Libertarian criticism of Reagan concerning big government]
* [[Kate Smith]], whom Reagan honored with the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] in 1982

==Further reading==
see Bibliography for much more detailed guide.
* Berman, Larry, ed. ''Looking Back on the Reagan Presidency'' (1990), essays by academics
* Busch, Andrew E.; "Ronald Reagan and the Defeat of the Soviet Empire" in ''Presidential Studies Quarterly''. Vol: 27. Issue: 3. 1997. pp 451+. [http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst;jsessionid=HhHYNGdT18XmGxylZNJQhdSjrtry2j8zYD2pLstvcnSLFqC9JzvF!-313427117?docId=5000522864 online edition] by conservative
* Cannon, Lou. ''President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime '' Public Affairs. (2nd ed 2000) 948 pp. best full-length biography [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=88989671 online edition]
* Cannon, Lou. ''Governor Reagan: His Rise to Power'' detailed biography
* Flamm, Michael and John Ehrman. ''Debating the Reagan Presidency'' (2009), key issues explained; includes primary sources
* Berman William C. ''America's Right Turn: From Nixon to Bush.'' (1994).
* Brownlee, W. Elliot and Hugh Davis Graham, eds. ''The Reagan Presidency: Pragmatic Conservatism and Its Legacies'' (2003)
* Campagna; Anthony S. ''The Economy in the Reagan Years: The Economic Consequences of the Reagan Administrations'' Greenwood Press. 1994 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=28144725 online edition], by conservative
* Cannon, Lou. ''Ronald Reagan: The Presidential Portfolio''. (2001) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=101553874 online edition]
* Ehrman, John. ''The Eighties: America in the Age of Reagan.'' (2005), by conservative historian
* Griscom Tom. "Core Ideas of the Reagan Presidency." In Thompson, ed., ''Leadership,'' 23–48.
* Hayward, Steven F. ''The Age of Reagan, 1964-1980: The Fall of the Old Liberal Order'' (2001)
* Hayward, Steven F. ''The Age of Reagan: The Conservative Counterrevolution: 1980-1989'' (2009) [https://www.amazon.com/Age-Reagan-Conservative-Counterrevolution-1980-1989/dp/1400053579/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1258861343&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Hulten Charles R. and Isabel V. Sawhill, eds. ''The Legacy of Reaganomics: Prospects for Long-Term Growth.'' (1994).
* Jones, Charles O. ed. ''The Reagan Legacy: Promise and Performance'' (1988) essays by political scientists
* [http://www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/si/2004/aug/knopfAUG04.asp Jeffrey W. Knopf, "Did Reagan Win the Cold War?"] ''Strategic Insights'', Volume III, Issue 8 (August 2004)
* Kyvig, David. ed. ''Reagan and the World'' (1990), scholarly essays on foreign policy
* Langston, Thomas S. "Reassessing the Reagan Presidency," ''Presidential Studies Quarterly,'' Vol. 34, 2004 [http://www.questia.com/read/5006516145?title=Reassessing%20the%20Reagan%20Presidency online edition]
* Levy, Peter B. ''Encyclopedia of the Reagan-Bush Years'' (1996), short articles [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=77341841 online edition]
* Matlock, Jack. ''Reagan and Gorbachev: How the Cold War Ended.'' (2004) by the conservative US ambassador to Moscow
* Pach, Chester. "The Reagan Doctrine: Principle, Pragmatism, and Policy." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly''(1): 75–88. Fulltext in SwetsWise and Ingenta; Reagan declared in 1985 that the U.S. should not "break faith" with [[anti-Communist]] resistance groups. However, his policies varied as differences in local conditions and US security interests produced divergent policies toward "freedom fighters" in Afghanistan, Nicaragua, Mozambique, Angola, and Cambodia.
* Patterson, James T. ''Restless Giant: The United States from Watergate to Bush vs. Gore.'' (2005), standard scholarly synthesis of the era
* Pemberton, William E. ''Exit with Honor: The Life and Presidency of Ronald Reagan'' (1998) short, favorable biography by historian [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=49534236 online edition]
* Reagan Ronald. ''An American Life.'' (1990). his second autobiography
* Reeves, Richard. ''President Reagan: The Triumph of Imagination'' (2005) detailed analysis by historian
* Sullivan, George.''Mr. President'' (1997). for middle schools
* Schmertz, Eric J. et al. eds. ''Ronald Reagan's America'' 2 Volumes (1997) articles by scholars and officeholders [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=15343830 vol 1 online][http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=28729700 vol 2 online]
* Schweizer, Peter. ''Reagan's War: The Epic Story of His Forty Year Struggle and Final Triumph Over Communism'' (2002), by conservative
* Thomas, Tony. ''The Films of Ronald Reagan'' (1980)
* Troy, Gill. ''Morning in America: How Ronald Reagan Invented the 1980s'' (2004). Study of Reagan's image.
* Troy, Gill. ''The Reagan Revolution: A Very Short Introduction'' (2009) [https://www.amazon.com/Reagan-Revolution-Short-Introduction-Introductions/dp/0195317106/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1258861138&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Wilentz, Sean. ''The Age of Reagan: A History, 1974-2008'' (2008), major narrative history by liberal historian who says Reagan transformed America

==Detailed Bibliography==
===Biographies===
* Benze, Jr. James G. ''Nancy Reagan: On the White House Stage'' (2005), [https://www.amazon.com/Nancy-Reagan-White-Modern-Ladies/dp/070061401X/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317375&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Benze James G. "Nancy Reagan: China Doll or Dragon Lady?" ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 20 (fall 1990): 777-90
* Cannon, Lou. ''President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime '' Public Affairs. (2nd ed 2000) 948 pp. full-length biography [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=88989671 online edition]
* Diggins, John. ''Ronald Reagan‎'' (2008), 528 pages, by leading conservative historian.
* D'Souza, Dinesh. ''Ronald Reagan: How an Ordinary Man Became an Extraordinary Leader'' (1999), popular. [https://www.amazon.com/Ronald-Reagan-Ordinary-Became-Extraordinary/dp/0684848236/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317303&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Evans, Thomas W. ''The Education of Ronald Reagan: The General Electric Years'' (2006) [https://www.amazon.com/Education-Ronald-Reagan-Conversion-Conservatism/dp/0231138601/ref=sr_1_5/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317183&sr=1-5 excerpt and text search]
* Morris, ''Edmund. Dutch: A Memoir of Ronald Reagan'' (1999), includes fictional material [https://www.amazon.com/Dutch-Memoir-Ronald-Edmund-Morris/dp/0375756450/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317223&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Pemberton, William E. ''Exit with Honor: The Life and Presidency of Ronald Reagan'' (1998) short biography by historian [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=49534236 online edition]
* Reeves, Richard. ''President Reagan: The Triumph of Imagination'' (2005) detailed analysis by historian
* Sullivan, George.''Mr. President'' (1997). for middle schools
* Sutcliffe, Jane. ''Ronald Reagan‎'' (2008) 48 pages; for elementary school; [https://books.google.com/books?id=_H_u21ebGcsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:reagan&lr=&as_drrb_is=b&as_minm_is=1&as_miny_is=2007&as_maxm_is=12&as_maxy_is=2009&num=30&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES excerpt and text search]

===Reagan before 1981===
* Brennan Mary C. ''Turning Right in the Sixties: The Conservative Capture of the GOP.'' University of North Carolina Press, 1995
* Burbank, Garin. "Governor Reagan and California Welfare Reform: the Grand Compromise of 1971." ''California History'' 1991 70(3): 278–289. Issn: 0162-2897
* Burbank, Garin. "Governor Reagan's Only Defeat: The Proposition 1 Campaign in 1973." ''California History'' 72 (winter 1993-94): 360–73.
* Burbank, Garin. "Speaker Moretti, Governor Reagan, and the Search for Tax Reform in California, 1970-1972" ''The Pacific Historical Review'' Vol. 61, No. 2 (May, 1992), pp. 193–214 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0030-8684%28199205%2961%3A2%3C193%3ASMGRAT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-E online in JSTOR]
* Cannon, Lou. ''Governor Reagan: His Rise to Power'' Public Affairs. detailed biography [https://www.amazon.com/Governor-Reagan-His-Rise-Power/dp/1586480308/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317275&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Dallek, Matthew. ''The Right Moment: Ronald Reagan's First Victory and the Decisive Turning Point in American Politics.'' (2004). Study of 1966 election as governor.
* DeGroot, Gerard J. "'A Goddamned Electable Person': the 1966 California Gubernatorial Campaign of Ronald Reagan." ''History'' 1997 82(267): 429–448. Issn: 0018-2648 Fulltext: in Swetswise, Ingenta and Ebsco
* DeGroot, Gerard J. "Ronald Reagan and Student Unrest in California, 1966-1970." ''Pacific Historical Review'' 1996 65(1): 107–129. Issn: 0030-8684 Fulltext: in Jstor
* Drew, Elizabeth. ''Portrait of an Election: The 1980 Presidential Campaign.'' (1981).
* Ferguson, Thomas and Joel Rogers, eds. ''The Hidden Election: Politics and Economics in the 1980 Presidential Campaign,'' 1981.
* Germond, Jack W. and Jules Witcover. ''Blue Smoke & Mirrors: How Reagan Won & Why Carter Lost the Election of 1980''. (1981). Detailed journalism.
* Hayward, Steven F. ''The Age of Reagan, 1964-1980: The Fall of the Old Liberal Order'' (2001)
* Hayward, Steven F. ''The Age of Reagan: The Conservative Counterrevolution: 1980-1989'' (2009) [https://www.amazon.com/Age-Reagan-Conservative-Counterrevolution-1980-1989/dp/1400053579/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1258861343&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Hamilton Gary G., and Nicole Woolsey Biggart. ''Governor Reagan, Governor Brown: A Sociology of executive Power.'' (1984).
* Moore, Glen. "Ronald W. Reagan's Campaign for the Republican Party's 1968 Presidential Nomination." ''Proceedings and Papers of the Georgia Association of Historians'' (1992) 12[i.e., 13]: 57–70. Issn: 0275-3863

===Politics and Domestic issues ===
* Aldrich, John H., and David W. Rohde. ''Change and Continuity in the 1984 Elections.'' (1987)
* Amaker Norman C. ''Civil Rights and the Reagan Administration.'' Urban Institute Press, 1988
* Berman, Larry, ed. ''Looking Back on the Reagan Presidency'' (1990), essays by academics
* Berman William C. ''America's Right Turn: From Nixon to Bush.'' Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.
* Birnbaum Jeffrey H., and Alan S. Murray. ''Showdown at Gucci Gulch: Lawmakers, Lobbyists, and the Unlikely Triumph of Tax Reform.'' 1987.
* Boskin Michael J. ''Reagan and the Economy: The Successes, Failures, and Unfinished Agenda.'' ICS Press, 1987.
* Brownlee, W. Elliot and Hugh Davis Graham, eds. ''The Reagan Presidency: Pragmatic Conservatism and Its Legacies'' (2003)
* Busch, Andrew E. ''Reagan's Victory: The Presidential Election of 1980 and the Rise of the Right,'' (2005) [http://www.claremont.org/publications/crb/id.1103/article_detail.asp online review by Michael Barone]
* Campagna; Anthony S. ''The Economy in the Reagan Years: The Economic Consequences of the Reagan Administrations'' Greenwood Press. 1994 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=28144725 online edition]
* Cannon, Lou. ''Ronald Reagan: The Presidential Portfolio''. Public Affairs. (2001) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=101553874 online edition]
* Cook, Daniel M. and Polsky, Andrew J. "Political Time Reconsidered: Unbuilding and Rebuilding the State under the Reagan Administration." ''American Politics Research''(4): 577–605. ISSN 1532-673X Fulltext in SwetsWise. Argues Reagan slowed enforcement of pollution laws and transformed the national education agenda.
* Derthick Martha, and Paul J. Quirk. ''The Politics of Deregulation.'' Brookings Institution, 1985
* Detlefsen, Robert R. ''Civil Rights under Reagan'' Institute for Contemporary Studies, 1991 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=85749844 online edition]
* Eads George C., and Michael Fix, eds. ''The Reagan Regulatory Strategy: An Assessment.'' Urban Institute Press, 1984
* Ehrman, John. ''The Eighties: America in the Age of Reagan.'' (2005)
* Evans Rowland, and Robert Novak. ''The Reagan Revolution.'' 1991.
* Ferguson Thomas, and Joel Rogers, ''Right Turn: The Decline of the Democrats and the Future of American Politics'' 1986.
* Germond Jack W., and Jules Witcover. ''Wake Us When It's Over: Presidential Politics of 1984.'' 1985.
* Marshall R. Goodman; ''Managing Regulatory Reform: The Reagan Strategy and Its Impact'' Praeger Publishers, 1987 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=43165555 online edition]
* Greider William. ''The Education of David Stockman and Other Americans.'' 1982. Stockman was Reagan's budget chief
* Griscom Tom. "Core Ideas of the Reagan Presidency." In Thompson, ed., ''Leadership,'' 23–48.
* Hulten Charles R. and Isabel V. Sawhill, eds. ''The Legacy of Reaganomics: Prospects for Long-Term Growth.'' C.: Urban Institute Press, 1994.
* Johnson, Haynes. ''Sleepwalking through History: America in the Reagan Years'' (1991) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=104836392 online edition]
* Jones, Charles O. ed. ''The Reagan Legacy: Promise and Performance'' (1988) essays by political scientists
* Karier, Thomas. ''Great Experiments in American Economic Policy: From Kennedy to Reagan'' (1997) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=15083874 online edition]
* Laham, Nicholas. ''The Reagan Presidency and the Politics of Race: In Pursuit of Colorblind Justice and Limited Government'' 1998. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=14220230 online edition]
* Levy, Peter B. ''Encyclopedia of the Reagan-Bush Years'' (1996), short articles [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=77341841 online edition]
* Minarik Joseph J. ''Making America's Budget Policy. From the 1980s to the 1990s.'' M. E. Sharpe, 1990.
* Palmer, John L., and Isabel V. Sawhill. ''The Reagan Record,'' 1984. economics and sociology
* Patterson, James T. ''Restless Giant: The United States from Watergate to Bush vs. Gore.'' (2005), standard scholarly synthesis.
* Rayack; Elton. ''Not So Free to Choose: The Political Economy of Milton Friedman and Ronald Reagan'' (1987) hostile critique [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=24670801 online edition]
* Sahu, Anandi P. and Ronald L. Tracy; ''The Economic Legacy of the Reagan Years: Euphoria or Chaos?'' Praeger Publishers, 1991 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=59361760 online edition]
* Salamon Lester M., and Michael S. Lund. eds. ''The Reagan Presidency and the Governing of America'' 1985. articles by political scientists
* Schmertz, Eric J. et al. eds. ''Ronald Reagan's America'' 2 Volumes (1997) articles by scholars and officeholders [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=15343830 vol 1 online][http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=28729700 vol 2 online]
* Shirley, Craig. ''Reagan's Revolution: The Untold Story of the Campaign That Started It All'' (2005) on 1976 campaign; [https://www.amazon.com/Reagans-Revolution-Untold-Campaign-Started/dp/0785260498/ref=pd_cp_b_1?pf_rd_p=413864201&pf_rd_s=center-41&pf_rd_t=201&pf_rd_i=0700614087&pf_rd_m=ATVPDKIKX0DER&pf_rd_r=0SWJK392VVCTPEDPDKJE excerpt and text search]
* Weatherford, M. Stephen and Mcdonnell, Lorraine M. "Ronald Reagan as Legislative Advocate: Passing the Reagan Revolution's Budgets in 1981 and 1982." ''Congress & the Presidency'' (2005) 32:1 pp 1–29. Fulltext in Ebsco; Argues RR ignored the details but played a guiding role in setting major policies and adjudicating significant trade-offs, and in securing Congressional approval.

===Foreign affairs===
* Arnson, Cynthia J. ''Crossroads: Congress, the Reagan Administration, and Central America'' Pantheon, 1989.
* Baucom Donald R. ''The Origins of SDI, 1944-1983.'' University Press of Kansas, 1992.
* Bell Coral. ''The Reagan Paradox: American Foreign Policy in the 1980s.'' Rutgers University Press, 1989.
* Beschloss Michael R., and Strobe Talbott. ''At the Highest Levels: The Inside Story of the End of the Cold War.'' 1993
* Busch, Andrew E.; "Ronald Reagan and the Defeat of the Soviet Empire" in ''Presidential Studies Quarterly''. Vol: 27. Issue: 3. 1997. pp 451+.
* Dobson, Alan P. "The Reagan Administration, Economic Warfare, and Starting to Close down the Cold War." ''Diplomatic History''(3): 531–556. Fulltext in SwetsWise, Ingenta and Ebsco. Argues Reagan's public rhetoric against the USSR was harsh and uncompromising, giving rise to the idea that his administration sought to employ a US defense buildup and NATO economic sanctions to bring about the collapse of the USSR. Yet many statements by Reagan and Shultz suggest they desired negotiation with the Soviets from a position of American strength, not the eventual demise of the USSR.
* Draper, Theodore. '' A Very Thin Line: The Iran-Contra Affair'' (1991)
* Fitzgerald, Frances. ''Way Out There in the Blue: Reagan, Star Wars and the End of the Cold War''. political history of S.D.I. (2000). ISBN.
* Ford, Christopher A. and Rosenberg, David A. "The Naval Intelligence Underpinnings of Reagan's Maritime Strategy." ''Journal of Strategic Studies''(2): 379–409. Fulltext in Ingenta and Ebsco; Reagan's maritime strategy sought to apply US naval might against Soviet vulnerabilities on its maritime flanks. It was supported by a major buildup of US naval forces and aggressive exercising in seas proximate to the USSR; it explicitly targeted Moscow's strategic missile submarines with the aim of pressuring the Kremlin during crises or the early phases of global war. The maritime strategy represents one of the rare instances in history when intelligence helped lead a nation to completely revise its concept of military operations.
* Garthoff, Raymond L. ''The Great Transition: American-Soviet Relations and the End of the Cold War'' (1994), detailed narrative by a hostile critic [http://www.questia.com/read/29069917?title=The%20Great%20Transition%3a%20American-Soviet%20Relations%20and%20the%20End%20of%20the%20Cold%20War online edition]
* Haftendorn, Helga and Jakob Schissler, eds. ''The Reagan Administration: A Reconstruction of American Strength?'' Berlin: Walter de Guyer, 1988. by European scholars
* Hall, David Locke. ''The Reagan Wars: A Constitutional Perspective on War Powers and the Presidency'' Westview Press, 1991 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=87551275 online edition]
* [http://www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/si/2004/aug/knopfAUG04.asp Jeffrey W. Knopf, "Did Reagan Win the Cold War?"] ''Strategic Insights'', Volume III, Issue 8 (August 2004)
* Kyvig, David. ed. ''Reagan and the World'' (1990), scholarly essays on foreign policy
* Lagon, Mark P. ''The Reagan Doctrine: Sources of American Conduct in the Cold War's Last Chapter'' (1994) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=9161896 online edition]
* LeoGrande, William M. ''Our Own Backyard: The United States in Central America, 1977-1992'' (1998)
* Matlock, Jack. ''Reagan and Gorbachev: How the Cold War Ended.'' (2004) by the US ambassador to Moscow [https://www.amazon.com/Reagan-Gorbachev-How-Cold-Ended/dp/0679463232/ref=sr_1_2/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194316986&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]
* Pach, Chester. "The Reagan Doctrine: Principle, Pragmatism, and Policy." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 2006 36(1): 75–88. Issn: 0360-4918 [http://www.questia.com/read/5015817882?title=The%20Reagan%20Doctrine%3a%20Principle%2c%20Pragmatism%2c%20and%20Policy online edition]
* Salla, Michael E. and Ralph Summy, eds. ''Why the Cold War Ended: A Range of Interpretations'' (1995). [http://www.questia.com/read/22889072 online edition]
* Schmertz, Eric J. et al. eds. ''Ronald Reagan and the World'' (1997) articles by scholars and officeholders
* Shultz, George P. ''Turmoil and Triumph My Years As Secretary of State'' (1993)
* Schweizer, Peter. ''Reagan's War: The Epic Story of His Forty Year Struggle and Final Triumph Over Communism'' (2002)
* Suri, Jeremi. "Explaining the End of the Cold War: A New Historical Consensus?" ''Journal of Cold War Studies'' - Volume 4, Number 4, Fall 2002, pp. 60–92 in [[Project Muse]]
* Thomas W. Walker; ''Reagan Versus the Sandinistas: The Undeclared War on Nicaragua'' (1987) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=65710540 online edition]
* Wallison, Peter J. ''Ronald Reagan: The Power of Conviction and the Success of His Presidency.'' (2003). 282 pp.
* Wapshott, Nicholas. '' Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher: a political marriage‎'' (2007) 336 pages [https://books.google.com/books?id=5HOuTL508F0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:reagan&lr=&as_drrb_is=b&as_minm_is=1&as_miny_is=2007&as_maxm_is=12&as_maxy_is=2009&num=30&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES excerpt and text search]
* Wills, David C. ''The First War on Terrorism: Counter-Terrorism Policy during the Reagan Administration.'' 2004.

===Rhetoric, media and values===
* Aden, R. C. "Entrapment and Escape: Inventional Metaphors in Ronald Reagan's Economic Rhetoric." ''Southern Communication Journal'' 54 (1989): 384-401
* Dallek, Robert. ''Ronald Reagan: The Politics of Symbolism.'' (1999)
* Denton Jr., Robert E. ''Primetime Presidency of Ronald Reagan: The Era of the Television Presidency'' (1988) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=23088126 online edition]
* Diggins, John Patrick. ''Ronald Reagan: Fate, Freedom, and the Making of History'' (2007) Reagan as follower of Emerson, by leading historian of ideas
* Jane Feuer; Seeing through the Eighties: Television and Reaganism'' Duke University Press, 1995 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=98148093 online edition]
* FitzWater, Marlin . ''Call the Briefing! Bush and Reagan, Sam and Helen, a Decade with Presidents and the Press''. 1995. Memoir by Reagan's press spokesman.
* Goodnight, G. Thomas. "Ronald Reagan's Re-formulation of the Rhetoric of War: Analysis of the 'Zero Option,' 'Evil Empire,' and 'Star Wars' Addresses." ''Quarterly Journal of Speech'' 72 (1986): 390–414.
* Greffenius, Steven. ''The Last Jeffersonian: Ronald Reagan's Dreams of America''. June, July, & August Books. 2002.
* Hertsgaard, Mark. ''On Bended Knee: The Press and the Reagan Presidency'' 1988. criticizes the press
* Hoeveler, J. David. ''Watch on the Right: Conservative Intellectuals in the Reagan Era.'' University of Wisconsin Press, 1991.
* Houck, Davis, and Amos Kiewe, eds. ''Actor, Ideologue, Politician: The Public Speeches of Ronald Reagan'' (Greenwood Press, 1993) [http://www.questia.com/SM.qst?act=adv&contributors=Davis W. Houck&dcontributors=Davis+W.+Houck online edition]
* Jones, John M. "'Until Next Week': The Saturday Radio Addresses of Ronald Reagan" ''Presidential Studies Quarterly.'' Volume: 32. Issue: 1. 2002. pp 84+.
* Kengor, Paul. ''God and Ronald Reagan: A Spiritual Life'' Regan Books, 2004. ISBN.
* Kiewe, Amos, and Davis W. Houck. ''A Shining City on a Hill: Ronald Reagan's Economic Rhetoric, 1951-1989.'' 1991.
* Lewis, William F. "Telling America's Story: Narrative Form and the Reagan Presidency", ''Quarterly Journal of Speech'': 280–302
* Longley, Kyle, Jeremy D. Mayer, Michael Schaller, and John W. Sloan. ''Deconstructing Reagan: Conservative Mythology and America’s Fortieth President,'' (M.E. Sharpe, 2007. xviii, 150 pp. isbn 978-0-7656-1591-6.)
* Meyer, John C. "Ronald Reagan and Humor: A Politician's Velvet Weapon", ''Communication Studies'' 41 (1990): 76–88.
* Moore, Mark P. "Reagan's Quest for Freedom in the 1987 State of the Union Address." ''Western Journal of Communication'' 53 (1989): 52–65.
* Muir, William Ker. ''The Bully Pulpit: The Presidential Leadership of Ronald Reagan'' (1992), examines his speeches
* Noonan, Peggy. ''When Character Was King: A Story of Ronald Reagan'' (2001) memoir by a Reagan speechwriter
* Ormanm John. ''Comparing Presidential Behavior: Carter, Reagan, and the Macho Presidential Style'' Greenwood Press, 1987 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=15388519 online edition]
* Ritter, Kurt W. ''Ronald Reagan: The Great Communicator.'' Greenwood, 1992. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=29047567 online edition]
* Shogan, Colleen J. "Coolidge and Reagan: The Rhetorical Influence of Silent Cal on the Great Communicator", ''Rhetoric & Public Affairs'' 9.2 online at Project Muse; argues that Coolidge and Reagan shared a common ideological message, which served as the basis for modern conservatism. Even without engaging in explicitly partisan rhetoric, Reagan's principled speech served an important party-building function.
* Stuckey, Mary. ''Getting Into the Game: The Pre-Presidential Rhetoric of Ronald Reagan.'' Praeger, 1989
* Stuckey, Mary. ''Playing the Game: The Presidential Rhetoric of Ronald Reagan.'' Praeger, 1990. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=24414026 online edition]
* Thomas, Tony. ''The Films of Ronald Reagan'' (1980)
* Troy, Gill. ''Morning in America: How Ronald Reagan Invented the 1980s'' (2004). Study of Reagan's image.
* Michael Weiler and W. Barnett Pearce; ''Reagan and Public Discourse in America'' University of Alabama Press, 1992 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=59353372 online edition]
* Wills, Garry. ''Reagan's America: Innocents at Home''. (1987)

===Primary sources===
* [http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publications/ERP/ Council of Economic Advisors, ''Economic Report of the President'' (annual 1947- )], complete series online; important analysis of current trends and policies, plus statistcial tables
* Reagan Ronald, and Richard G. Hubler. ''Where's the Rest of Me?'' (1965). first autobiography
* Reagan Ronald. ''An American Life.'' (1990). second autobiography [https://www.amazon.com/American-Life-Ronald-Reagan/dp/0743400259/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317128&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Reagan Ronald. ''The Creative Society: Some Comments on Problems Facing America.'' 1968.
* Reagan Ronald. ''Abortion and the Conscience of the Nation.'' 1984.
* Reagan Ronald. ''Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Ronald Reagan. 1981-1989.'' 8 vols. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1982–91.
* Reagan, Ronald. ''[[Reagan, In His Own Hand]]: The Writings of Ronald Reagan That Reveal His Revolutionary Vision for America'' (2001) [https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0743219384/ref=sib_dp_pt/103-4827826-5463040#reader-link excerpt and text search]
* Reagan, Ronald. ''The Reagan Diaries: Extended Selections‎'' ed. by Douglas Brinkley (2007)
* Skinner, Kiron K. et al., eds. ''Reagan's Path to Victory: The Shaping of Ronald Reagan's Vision: Selected Writings'' (2004), 450 radio talks from late 1970s

====Primary sources by Reagan associates====
* Anderson, Martin. ''Revolution: The Reagan Legacy'' (1990)
* Haig, Alexander. ''Inner Circles: How America Changed the World'' (1994). Haig was Secretary of State 1981-82
* Deaver, Michael, and Mickey Herskowitz. ''Behind the Scenes''. 1987. Memoir by a top aide.
* Meese Edwin. ''With Reagan: The Inside Story.'' Regnery Gateway, 1992.
* Niskanen William A. ''Reaganomics: An Insider's Account of the Policies and the People.'' Oxford University Press, 1988.
* Reagan, Nancy. ''My Turn: The Memoirs of Nancy Reagan'' (1989)
* Reagan Maureen. ''First Father, First Daughter: A Memoir.'' 1989.
* Reagan Michael and Joe Hyams. ''On the Outside Looking In.'' 1988.
* Regan Donald T. ''For the Record. From Wall Street to Washington.'' 1988; Treasury Secretary and Chief of Staff
* Shultz, George P. ''Turmoil and Triumph My Years As Secretary of State'' (1993) Schulz was Secretary of State 1982-89
* Stahl, Lesley. "Reporting Live" (1999) memoir by TV news reporter
* Stockman David A. ''The Triumph of Politics: How the Reagan Revolution Failed.'' 1986. Stockman was Budget Director in 1981-82
* Thompson Kenneth W., ed. ''Foreign Policy in the Reagan Presidency: Nine Intimate Perspectives.'' University Press of America, 1993.
* Thompson Kenneth W., ed. ''Leadership in the Reagan Presidency: Seven Intimate Perspectives.'' 1992.
* Thompson Kenneth W., ed. ''Leadership in the Reagan Presidency, Part II: Eleven Intimate Perspectives.'' University Press of America, 1993.
* Weinberger, Caspar. ''In the Arena: A Memoir of the 20th Century'' (1991), by the Defense Secretary

===Government documents===
* Council of Economic Advisors. ''Economic Report of the President,'' (annual, 1981-1988), detailed analysis of economic issues
* U.S. Census Bureau, ''Statistical Abstract of the United States'' annual compilation of over 1000 tables of data.

===Other===
* Schweikart, Larry, ''[https://www.amazon.com/Reagan-American-President-Larry-Schweikart/dp/1642930822/ Reagan: The American President]'' (2019; [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/05/07/ronald-reagan-larry-schweikart/ review]).

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
*[https://reaganlibrary.archives.gov/archives/photographs/history.html Historical Photographs], from the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum
*[https://reaganlibrary.gov/major-speeches-index Ronald Reagan's Major Speeches, 1964-89]
*[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1101040614-646317,00.html Time Magazine Article on ''The All-American President'']
*[https://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/rr40.html White House Official Page]
*[http://www.simonsays.com/content/book.cfm?tab=1&pid=537924&agid=2 The Passing of a Conservative] - by Alfred Regnery
*[http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/ Reagan's Presidential Library]
*[http://imdb.com/name/nm0001654/ Actor Bio At IMDB]
*[http://www.ronaldreaganmemorial.com/ Official Memorial]
*[http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Ronald_Reagan Quotations by Ronald Reagan]
*[http://reagan2020.us/ Reagan 2020] Reagan 2020 is the Internet's most comprehensive resource on Ronald Reagan.
*[http://www.acuf.org/principles/p_philos.asp "Our Philosophy of Government"] Speech by President Ronald Reagan, March 2, 1981
*[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/211049/abortion-and-conscience-nation-nro-primary-document Abortion and the Conscience of the Nation] While president, Ronald Reagan penned this article for The Human Life Review, unsolicited.
* [https://librivox.org/author/11305 Works by Ronald Reagan - text and free audio] - [[LibriVox]]
*[http://davekopel.org/Misc/OpEds/Ronald-Reagan-extremist-collaborator.html Ronald Reagan, Extremist Collaborator], by Dave Kopel
*Hawkins, Awr (April 25, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/04/25/ronald-reagan-seek-inflict-harm-not-fazed-gun-control-laws/ Ronald Reagan: ‘Those Who Seek to Inflict Harm Are Not Fazed by Gun Control Laws’]. ''Breitbart News''.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reagan, Ronald Wilson}}
{{USPresidents}}
{{Conservatism}}

[[Category:Reagan Era]]
[[Category:Featured articles]]
[[Category:California Governors]]
[[Category:Republican Governors]]
[[Category
[[Category:Cold War]]
[[Category:United States History]]
[[Category:New Deal]]
[[Category:Actors]]
[[Category:Conservatives]]
[[Category:Libertarians]]
[[Category:Labor Union Leaders]]
[[Category:Fiscal Conservatives]]
[[Category:Tax Revolts]]
[[Category:Former Liberals]]
[[Category:Irish-Americans]]
[[Category:Republicans]]
[[Category:Former Democrats]]
[[Category:Former Governors]]
[[Category:Anti-Communism]]
[[Category:Pro Second Amendment]]
[[Category:Southern California]]
[[Category:California]]
[[Category:Hollywood]]
[[Category:Patriots]]
[[Category:Conservative Authors]]
[[Category:Libertarian Authors]]
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]
[[Category:Liberal Conservatism]]
[[Category:Best Selling Authors]]
[[Category:DINOs]]
[[Category:Former Democrats]]
[[Category:California]]
[[Category:Illinois]]
[[Category:Capitalists]]
[[Category:Anti-establishment]]
[[Category:Populists]]
[[Category:Ronald Reagan]]
[[Category:The 100 Americans The Left Hates Most]]

Ronald Wilson Reagan

2021-09-12T01:57:29Z

Aidanram0:

{{Officeholder
|name=Ronald Wilson Reagan
|image=Ronald-reagan by kinstler.jpg
|party=[[Republican]] (formerly [[Democrat]])
|spouse= Jane Wyman [[Nancy Davis Reagan]]
|religion=[[Presbyterian]]
|offices=
{{Officeholder/president
|country=the United States
|number=40th
|terms=January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989
|vp=[[George H. W. Bush]]
|preceded=[[Jimmy Carter]]
|former=y
|succeeded=[[George H. W. Bush]]
}}
{{Officeholder/governor
|number=33rd
|state=California
|terms=January 2, 1967 – January 6, 1975
|preceded=[[Pat Brown|Edmund G. "Pat" Brown, Sr.]]
|former=y
|succeeded=[[Jerry Brown|Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown, Jr.]]
}}
|military=y
|allegiance=United States
|branch=Army Reserve, Air Force
|serviceyears=1937-1946
|rank=Captain
}}
'''Ronald Wilson Reagan''' (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) served as the 40th [[President of the United States of America]] from 1981 to 1989. He was the 33rd Governor of [[California]] (1967–1975), following a successful career in film and television. He has been widely recognized as one of the greatest American Presidents and an important part of the conservative movement from the late 1970s to the present. His victorious presidential debate with Jimmy Carter a week before the 1980 presidential election was the most-watched presidential debate in history until [[Donald Trump]]'s first debate with [[Hillary Clinton]] in 2016.

Reagan was a [[movement conservative]] who succeeded in moving the nation to the right in terms of reducing federal regulation and lowering taxes. He promoted individual liberty and the conviction that government was the problem and private enterprise the solution. He cut taxes but despite his proposals, spending and the federal deficit went up. After a short sharp recession early in his first term, the economy was strong by 1984. Proclaiming "It's Morning Again in America", Reagan carried 49 of 50 states to win reelection. He moved the [[Supreme Court]] and the federal courts to the right with his appointments.

Reagan's [[Supply-side economics|supply-side economic]] policies were based on the [[libertarian]] ideas of [[Milton Friedman]] and the [[Chicago School of Economics]]. "Reaganomics" was based on the idea that tax cuts will spur savings and investment. Reagan was strongly opposed to the concept of [[Big government]], advocating a reduction in the size and budget of the federal government. During his terms in office, he faced a divided Congress split between Republican and Democratic control for six of his eight years as president. Reagan was known for forging alliances with "[[Conservative Coalition|boll weevil]]" (conservative) Democrats to overcome the apparent majority led by Democratic Speaker [[Tip O'Neill]].

In foreign affairs, Reagan rejected ''détente'' with the [[Soviet Union]], but not with [[China]]. His massive defense buildup forced the Soviets to confront their crumbling financial base. He rejected the legitimacy of Communism and in the [[Reagan Doctrine]] systematically challenged and eventually destroyed Soviet strength in the Third World. After 1986 the new leadership of [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] who tried desperately to rescue Communism by cutting its losses; they came to terms with Reagan; the Communist empire collapsed in 1989 a few months after Reagan left office, and Communism was abolished (and Gorbachev repudiated) by Russia in 1991. Reagan is thus credited with achieving victory in the Cold War.<ref>Knopf (2004)</ref><ref>Multiple references:
*Pinkerton, James P. (November 10, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2019/11/10/pinkerton-thirty-years-after-fall-wall-lets-recall-ronald-reagan-man-who-called-it/ Pinkerton: Thirty Years After the Fall of the Wall, Let’s Recall Ronald Reagan, the Man Who Called It]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
*Akan, Emel (November 20, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/lessons-from-reagans-epochal-battle-against-communism_3152456.html Reagan’s Epochal Battle Against Communism Offers Lessons]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
*Edards, Lee (December 26, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/national-security/474669-how-ronald-reagan-won-the-cold-war How Ronald Reagan won the Cold War]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 26, 2019.</ref>

Always distrustful of nuclear weapons, Reagan initiated [[missile defense]] (SDI), a space-based system to defend against nuclear missiles. The inability of the Soviet Union to match this new technological breakthrough forced it to agree to Reagan's terms for ending the Cold War. In leading the rollback of Communism in Europe, he battled powerful liberal forces that called instead for détente (peaceful relations) with Communism. As the Soviet system faltered and Gorbachev accepted Reagan's terms, ensured an unprecedented level of nuclear disarmament. His signature phrase in dealing with Communists was "trust, but verify."

In his most famous challenges to Communism, Reagan went to the Brandenburg Gate and gave the Soviets the American terms for ending the Cold War: "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!" The Soviets were forced to agree, and watched their empire collapse overnight in late 1989, a few months after Reagan was succeeded as president by his Vice President [[George H.W. Bush]]. At the closing of his presidency, Reagan compared America to that "[[Shining city upon a hill]]", a beacon of Liberty for all who still live in the darkness of totalitarian rule.<ref>[https://dailycaller.com/2011/02/04/reagan-shining-city-hill/ Reagan saw the shining city on the hill], [[Daily Caller]]</ref>

As a great communicator, and leader of the Republican party, he added a new base of "Reagan Democrats" (blue-collar workers who were social conservatives), religious [[evangelical]]s, and [[neoconservative]]s; his success became the model for Republicans into the 21st century.

By all accounts, including by many of his adversaries, Reagan was a highly intelligent individual with an excellent sense of humor. He also contributed many new well-thought-through [[insight]]s to the general public that were not previously available.<ref>Tear Down This Wall, Laffer Curve, etc. See [[conservative insights]]</ref>
[[File:Reagan's signature.jpg|Right|285px|thumb|Ronald Reagan's signature]]
[[File:Reagan-at-durenberger-rally.jpg|Right|500px|thumb|Ronaldus Magnus]]

== Reagan's Conservatism ==
In a speech, immediately after assuming the presidency in 1981, he outlined his philosophy. After listing "intellectual leaders like [[Russell Kirk]], [[Friedrich Hayek]], [[Henry Hazlitt]], [[Milton Friedman]], [[James Burnham]], [[Ludwig von Mises]]" as the ones who "shaped so much of our thoughts," he discussed only one of these influences at length:

*It's especially hard to believe that it was only a decade ago, on a cold April day on a small hill in upstate New York, that another of these great thinkers, [[Frank Meyer]], was buried. He'd made the awful journey that so many others had: He pulled himself from the clutches of "The [communist] God That Failed,'' and then in his writing fashioned a vigorous new synthesis of traditional and libertarian thought -- a synthesis that is today recognized by many as modern conservatism.

*It was [[Frank Meyer]] who reminded us that the robust individualism of the American experience was part of the deeper current of Western learning and culture. He pointed out that a respect for law, an appreciation for tradition, and regard for the social consensus that gives stability to our public and private institutions, these civilized ideas must still motivate us even as we seek a new economic prosperity based on reducing government interference in the marketplace.

*Our goals complement each other. We're not cutting the budget simply for the sake of sounder financial management. This is only a first step toward returning power to the States and communities, only a first step toward reordering the relationship between citizen and government. We can make government again responsive to the people by cutting its size and scope and thereby ensuring that its legitimate functions are performed efficiently and justly.<ref>[http://acuf.org/issues/issue13/040606news.asp Ronald Reagan's Conservative Legacy, ACUF]</ref> Reagan rose to power speaking of [[Traditional values]] such as hard work, faith, family, God and patriotism (ideas that liberals call "racist"). Reagan strongly opposed progressive taxation, redistribution of wealth, the welfare state, and nationalization.

Political analyst Henry Olsen argues in ''The Working Class Republican'' that Reagan's political views were more closely aligned with [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] than typically thought, and that Reagan was more of a traditional blue-collar, working-class conservative than a libertarian.<ref>Olsen, Henry (2017). ''The Working Class Republican''. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 9780062475268.</ref><ref>Hayward, John (November 1, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/radio/2017/11/01/henry-olsen-reagan-trump-blue-collar-coalitions-mirror-images/ Henry Olsen: Reagan and Trump Blue-Collar Coalitions Are ‘Mirror Images of Each Other’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 3, 2017.</ref>

==Early life==
[[File:Ronald Reagan Young Boy.jpg|left|160px|thumb|Jack Reagan, Neil, Ronald, and his mother Nelle (from left to right) Photograph circa 1916–17.]]
Reagan was born in [[Tampico, Illinois]], the second son of John (Jack) Edward and Nelle Wilson Reagan. The family finally settled in Dixon, Illinois in 1920 after years of moving from town to town. Jack Reagan nicknamed his younger son “Dutch", claiming he looked like “a fat little Dutchman.”<ref>[http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/facts.html Ronald Reagan Facts]: Physical Description, Favorites, Dislikes, Firsts in Life, Nickname, and Religion</ref> Reagan's father was a working-class Irish Catholic, and an active Democrat. Unemployed during the [[Great Depression]], Jack Reagan held a minor position in the [[WPA]] during the [[New Deal]]. Reagan recalled numerous alcoholic episodes that cost his father many job opportunities. Nelle Reagan, a devout member of the [[Disciples of Christ]], greatly influenced her son, who remained a lifelong Protestant.
[[File:Reagan_graduation.jpg|right|160px|thumb|1932 photo taken after his graduation from Eureka College]]
He attended [[Eureka College]], a small Disciples school where he developed a reputation as a "jack of all trades", excelling in campus politics, sports and theater. Reagan was a member of several athletic organizations including the football and track teams, the basketball cheerleading squad, and captain of the swimming team. He was also yearbook editor and was elected student body president. Reagan was a political liberal at that point and led a student revolt against the college president. In his first year at Eureka, the president of the college tried to cut back the faculty. Reagan helped organize a student strike. He received his degree in economics and sociology in 1932.<ref>[http://www.asanet.org/students/famous.cfm Famous Sociology Majors]</ref>

To pay for college, Reagan worked many low-wage jobs such as cooking hamburgers and washing tables. He also worked as a lifeguard at Lowell Park on the Rock River in Dixon for seven summers, where he saved seventy-seven swimmers from drowning.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/reagan/ Timeline of Ronald Reagan’s Life], [[PBS]]</ref>

After college Reagan became a radio sports announcer in Iowa. Although he was originally only hired to announce the [[University of Iowa]] football games, he became so popular in the Midwest he began covering Chicago Cubs baseball games at Wrigley Field. He also wrote sports columns in the Des Moines ‘’Dispatch’’.

===Reagan as Disciple===
Reagan took religious values into the presidency that he learned from his [[Disciples of Christ]] background at home and at Eureka College, a Disciples school. He was strongly influenced by Ben Hill Cleaver, the minister of the First Christian Church<ref>The formal name of the denomination is the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ).</ref> in Dixon, Illinois, during the 1920s, and by Reagan's mother, Nelle, an active member of the church. At many points the positions taken by the Disciples Church of Reagan's youth coincided with the words, if not the beliefs of the latter-day Reagan. These positions included faith in Providence, the association of America's mission with God's will, belief in progress, trust in the work ethic and admiration for those who achieved wealth, an uncomfortableness with literature and art that questioned the family or challenged notions of proper sexual behavior, the presumption that poverty is an individual problem best left to charity rather than the state, sensitivity to problems involving alcohol and drugs, and reticence to use government to protect civil rights for minorities. Reagan's experiences in the church and with the Cleavers provided early training in public speaking and offered a way of learning in which acting played a central part. Reagan's use of the jeremiad and his fusing of Judeo-Christianity and patriotism into a civil religion also have their roots in this early period. For her part, Nelle was a pillar of the church and the one who provided stability to the shaky Reagan family when the head was drunkard and a poor provider. She helped spark her son's interest in acting and believed the stage could be a force for noble purposes.<ref>Stephen Vaughn, "The Moral Inheritance of a President: Reagan and the Dixon Disciples of Christ." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 1995 25(1): 109-127. 0360-4918</ref>

==Hollywood==
[[File:Reagan1953.jpg|thumb|left|250px|1953 film ''Law and Order'', starring Reagan and Dorothy Malone]]
In 1937 Reagan traveled to [[Hollywood]] to cover the Chicago Cubs's spring training games and look at prospects in the film industry. Warner Brothers studio offered him a one-year contract with a starting salary of $200 a week. He made his first on-screen debut in the 1937 movie ''Love is On the Air'',<ref>[http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/161292|0/Love-is-On-the-Air.html Love is on the Air]</ref> then became famous starring in numerous "B" movies, where he typically played a supporting character rather than the leading role. In 1941 Reagan gave a well-received performance in the [[Academy Award|Oscar]] nominated film ''Kings Row''. Other notable movies include ''Knute Rockne'', ''The Hasty Heart'', and the film ''Brother Rat'', which is where Reagan first met his future wife Jane Wyman.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=7rBLCZuEOswC&pg=PA189 President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime]</ref> During the war Reagan was in the Air Force where he was assigned to make training films.

===Military Service===
Intertwined with his career as an actor, Reagan also served in the military. He enlisted in the Army Enlisted Reserve on April 29, 1937, and transferred to the Army Air Forces (AAF) in 1942.<ref name=service>[https://reaganlibrary.archives.gov/archives/reference/military.html Military Service of Ronald Reagan]</ref> Poor eyesight kept him from being sent into overseas combat. He would instead produce training films for the AAF Public Relations and subsequently, to the 1st Motion Picture Unit in Culver City, California.

By the end of the war, his units had produced some 400 training films for the Army Air Forces. He resumed his Hollywood career on release in 1946, and his Reserve Commission automatically terminated on April 1, 1953.

While serving, Reagan was promoted several times. On January 4, 1943, he was promoted to First Lieutenant. On July 22, 1943, was promoted to Captain.<ref name=service />

===Return to Hollywood===
[[Image:Reagantheater.jpg‎|right|thumb|205px|Ronald Reagan and General Electric Theater. 1954–62.]]
Reagan's movie career faded in the late 1940s but he made a successful transition to television, especially as a host, and became a celebrity on the speakers' circuit. He traveled the country as a motivation speaker for [[General Electric]], attracting highly appreciative audiences for his polished, witty speeches based on a wide reading in current events and libertarian economic principles. Reagan also starred in the 1960s television series ''[[Death Valley Days]].'' By 1964, he had appeared in more than fifty films.

===Friendship with Billy Graham===
Reagan first met [[Billy Graham]] in the mid 1950s<ref name=focus>[http://jimdaly.focusonthefamily.com/a-story-of-billy-graham-and-ronald-reagan/ A Story of Billy Graham and Ronald Reagan], [[Focus on the Family]]</ref><ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/story/2004/06/08/transcript-ronald-reagan-friendship-with-billy-graham.html Transcript: Ronald Reagan's Friendship With Billy Graham], [[Fox News]]</ref> around the time that Reagan started with GE, and they remained friends for many years.

Graham was very impressed with Reagan's ability to effectively manage criticism with politeness, reason, and conviction. Graham wrote of Reagan in relating a story of a pastor from Dallas: "Ron had not only changed a man's mind, but he had done it with charm, conviction, and humor - traits I would see repeatedly as I got to know him."<ref name=focus />
[[Image:Reagan-LPcover.jpg|thumb|100px|left]]
===Operation Coffee Cup===
{{main|Operation Coffee Cup}}

During the 1950s and 1960s, Reagan teamed up with the [[American Medical Association]] to produce a campaign against government-run universal healthcare, warning citizens that if the government controls your healthcare, they control you.

Together with the AMA, they produced the LP record ''Ronald Reagan Speaks Out Against Socialized Medicine''.

===Union president===
Reagan jumped into union politics and was elected to five terms as president of the [[Screen Actors Guild]], a labor union for movie actors and part of the [[AFL]]. As SAG President he traveled across the country giving speeches on behalf of actors. Until the 1950s Reagan was an avid liberal Democrat who strongly supported the [[New Deal]] of [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] and the [[Fair Deal]] of [[Harry S. Truman]]. He often campaigned on behalf of the [[New Deal Coalition]], such as [[Helen Gahagan Douglas]]'s 1950 run for Senator of California.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=U2cs7IHERBwC&pg=PA43 Ronald Reagan's Journey: Democrat to Republican]</ref> There was talk of running Reagan for president of the AFL itself.<ref>Ronald Reagan, [https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0743400259/ref=sib_dp_srch_bod?v=search-inside&keywords=truman ''An American Life'' (1990) p 132]</ref>

Reagan was thus the only president to lead a [[labor union]], a bastion of liberalism. Reagan himself was a registered Democrat well into the 1950s, but as head of the Screen Actors Guild he fought against Communist infiltration. In 1947 he became an FBI informant, known by the bureau as informant "T-10",<ref>[http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,959749,00.html Unmasking Informant T-10], [[Time Magazine]]</ref><ref>[http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1985-08-26/news/8502040928_1_fbi-interviews-reagan-and-wyman-informant Reagan Reportedly Was Fbi Informer In 1940s]</ref> and testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee. Reagan expressed some reservation with the FBI, asking one agent "Do they expect us to constitute ourselves as a little FBI of our own and determine just who is a Commie and who isn't?"<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=I4-UBnd20K4C&pg=PA155 Ronald Reagan in Hollywood: Movies and Politics]</ref> Peggy Noonan wrote, "Even in his zeal to purge the communist influence from [[Hollywood]], he fought those who engaged in witch hunts and defended those who had been falsely accused of involvement."

==Democrat to Republican==
While remaining a Democrat in the 1950s, Reagan started to increasingly hold conservative points of view. After actively supporting [[Richard Nixon]]'s campaign for president in 1960, Reagan switched political parties and officially became a Republican in 1962. He realized that he had diverged greatly from the tax-and-spend liberalism of the Democratic Party. As a part of Reagan's change in viewpoints, he came to be a fan of former president [[Calvin Coolidge]], and would later replace a painting of Truman with that of Coolidge in the White House Cabinet Room.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/04/opinion/calvin-reagan.html Calvin Reagan], [[The New York Times]]</ref>

==1964==
Conservatives nationwide saw Reagan as their new star when his campaigning for Senator [[Barry Goldwater]] in 1964 was better received than Goldwater's own speeches. He raised an unprecedented eight million dollars for Goldwater. Despite Goldwater's defeat, Reagan's 1964 "[[Time for Choosing]]" speech helped launch his political career and made him became a probable candidate for governor of California.

==Governor of California (1967–1975)==
[[Image:Reagangovernor.jpg‎|left|thumb|275px|Ronald Reagan and Nancy Reagan at the Victory celebration for California Governor at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles, California 11/8/66.]] In the 1966 gubernatorial campaign, conservatives generally supported Reagan over George Christopher, the Republican mayor of [[San Francisco]]. Reagan defeated Christopher, and incumbent [[liberal]] [[Democrat]] [[Pat Brown]] in the general election, taking fifty-three of California's fifty-eight counties. Reagan's strategists wanted to emphasize libertarian support for smaller government and less taxation, as the state verged on a revolt against high property taxes. As student and black unrest exploded in the headlines, Reagan's call for [[Law and order]] won the votes of former liberals. Reagan's victory marked the end of New Deal liberalism in California.<ref>Dallek, Matthew. "Liberalism Overthrown." ''American Heritage'' (1996) 47(6): 39+ Fulltext online at Ebsco</ref>

Reagan inherited an enormous budget deficit from the Brown administration. In his first year as Governor, Reagan froze government spending and cut ten percent of the spending budget in each department of the government. At the end of his two terms, the $194 million deficit had been transformed into a $550 million surplus. The ''San Francisco Chronicle'' editorialized, "We exaggerate very little when we say that Reagan has saved the state from bankruptcy.<ref>[http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1980 1980 Reagan VS. Carter VS. Anderson]</ref>

When coming into office there was a growing number of anarchist protesters at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] over the United States' involvement in the [[Vietnam War]]. The protests would become violent. Reagan sent the state police and later the national guard to handle the riots. It allowed him to showcase his populist themes of morality, [[Law and order]], strong leadership, and defense of traditional values. Reagan was reelected in 1970, after firing the president of the state university and sending in armed force to confront student demonstrators. Reagan's handling of this crisis helped to make him into a national politician known for strength and courage.<ref>Gerard DeGroot, "Reagan's Rise." ''History Today'' (1995) 45(9): 31-36. Issn: 0018-2753 Fulltext online at Ebsco</ref>

Governor Reagan briefly tested the presidential waters in 1968 as part of a "Stop Nixon" movement, but drew back when he saw [[Richard Nixon]]'s strength.

Governor Reagan also attempted to clean up radicalism at other college campuses. [[Angela Davis]], a member of the [[Communist Party USA]], was also a professor of philosophy at [[UCLA]]. Reagan wrote that "I, nor the board will tolerate any Communist activities at any state institution... any member of the Communist Party is barred from teaching at this institution."<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=OwhvBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA140 African Americans and Criminal Justice: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia]</ref>

Welfare spending was a major issue in the 1970 election; with 10% of the nation's population, California had 16% of its welfare recipients. Reagan promised to cut the welfare spending by rooting out fraud and abuse, by requiring recipients to take jobs, and by collecting from dead-beat fathers. Democrats in the legislature supported a much more liberal bill, which advocated the welfare rights of the poor. Reagan personally worked out a compromise that passed and won considerable praise and some criticism. Its savings to taxpayers proved small, but it represented an important political achievement for both parties. Reagan benefited as well, emerging from the compromise as a more experienced and effective politician.<ref>Burbank (1991)</ref>

Reagan supported and signed laws to liberalize [[abortion]] in California (before the Supreme Court issued ''[[Roe v. Wade]]''), but later turned strongly against abortion.

Reagan's gubernatorial style, which carried over into his presidency, was expansive in looking only at the big picture, and choosing talented staffers who were given the power to handle all the details. Reagan seldom paid attention to the minute details of his own policies. Reagan was a powerful communicator, through press conferences and public appearances, with an uncanny knack for precise timing to make the maximum impact.<ref>Hamilton and Biggart, (1984); Ritter (1992)</ref>

Liberals across the country were puzzled by Reagan and decided that he was a weak reactionary who would be easy to defeat if he ran for president. California liberals explained they were all wrong, that Reagan was the most formidable Republican since Eisenhower.

In 1970, he was re-elected by a landslide against challenger "Big Daddy" Jesse Unruh.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/06/obituaries/jesse-unruh-a-california-political-power-dies.html Jesse Unruh, A California Political Power, Dies], [[The New York Times]]</ref> But in 1974, he chose not to seek a third term and was succeeded by liberal Democrat [[Jerry Brown]].

In 1974, the [[Symbionese Liberation Army]] abducted [[Patty Hearst]] and demanded a redistribution of food to the poor. Governor Reagan quipped: "It's just too bad we can't have an epidemic of botulism".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=PAvTCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA288 Days of Rage: America's Radical Underground, the FBI, and the Forgotten Age of Revolutionary Violence]</ref>

Three Lieutenant Governors served with Reagan: Robert Finch(67-69), Edwin Reinecke(69-74), John L. Harmer(74-75).

===Events and achievements as governor===

*Called in the [[National Guard]] to restore order when "People's Park" protesters began attacking police, and restored order to California's chaotic university campuses. Reagan authorized the use of force against the rioting protesters in Berkeley, saying, "If there has to be a bloodbath, then let's get it over with. No more appeasement." In the resulting chaos, 111 police officers were injured, and police fired buckshot into the crowd, sending over a dozen people to the hospital with shotgun wounds, 3 with punctured lungs and 1 with a shattered leg, and fatally wounded James Rector, who had been attacking the police.<ref>[http://police.berkeley.edu/about_UCPD/ucpdhistory.html#anchor178048 "History topic: People's Park"] University of California, Berkeley - Police Department (August 2006)</ref><ref>''San Francisco Chronicle'', early morning edition, May 15, 1969</ref><ref>[http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2004/06/08_reagan.shtml Ronald Reagan launched political career using the Berkeley campus as a target] (June 8, 2004)</ref><ref>[https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/02/video-ronald-reagans-press-conference-after-bloody-thursday/284045/ Video: Ronald Reagan's Press Conference After 'Bloody Thursday'] (February 2014)</ref><ref>[http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,904149,00.html California: Postscript to People's Park], [[Time Magazine]] archive, February 16th, 1970, Note: Fee required to read article.</ref>

*Led a comprehensive and far-reaching revision of California's massive public assistance programs, actually increasing benefits to the truly needy.

*Worked well with the Democrats to forge consensus on a variety of issues.

*Despite pressure within his own party, Reagan publicly opposed the Briggs Initiative which helped its defeat at the ballot in 1978.

*Signed the nation's first no-fault divorce law

*Signed the Therapeutic Abortion Law, which had the effect of increasing the availability of legal abortion in California - later Reagan expressed regret for this<ref>[https://www.lifenews.com/2008/03/11/nat-3790/ Revisionist History: Misrepresenting President Ronald Reagan’s Abortion Record], [[LifeSiteNews]]</ref><ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/223437/reagans-darkest-hour-paul-kengor-patricia-clark-doerner Reagan's Darkest Hour, "Therapeutic" abortion in California.], [[National Review]]</ref><ref>[http://cnsnews.com/news/article/president-reagan-put-his-pro-life-stance-center-stage-supporting-march-life President Reagan Put His Pro-Life Stance Center Stage In Supporting the March for Life], [[CNSNews.com]]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=-dSvWrJ6ooAC&pg=PA64 The Essential Ronald Reagan: A Profile in Courage, Justice, and Wisdom]</ref> and even wrote a [[pro-life]] pamphlet while he was president.

==Nationally Syndicated Radio==
From 1975 to 1979, Reagan gave over 1000 radio addresses to listeners in 20-30 million homes each week.<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/programs/static/national-recording-preservation-board/documents/ReaganOnRadio.pdf Ronald Reagan Radio Broadcasts]</ref> In one particular address, he discussed the California abortion bill he had signed, along with some additional observations.

<blockquote>A bill had been introduced in the California legislature to make abortion available upon demand. The pro and anti forces were already marshaling their troops, and emotions were running high. Then the author of the bill sent word down that he'd amend his bill to anything I felt I could sign. The ball - to coin a cliche - was in my court. Suddenly I had to have a position on abortion.

I did more studying and soul-searching than on any thing that was to face me as governor. I discovered that neither medicine, law, or theology had ever really found a common ground on the subject. Some believed an unborn child was no more than a growth on the body female and she should be able to remove it as she would her appendix. Others felt a human life existed from the moment the fertilized egg was implanted in the womb. Strangely enough, the same legislature that couldn't agree on abortion had unanimously passed a law making it murder to abuse a pregnant woman so as to cause the death of her unborn child.

Another inconsistency - the unborn have property rights protected by law. A man can will his estate to his wife and children and any children yet to be born of his marriage. Yet the proposed abortion law would deny the unborn the protection of the law in preserving its life.

I went to the lawyers on my staff and posed a hypothetical question. What if a pregnant woman became a widow during her pregnancy and found her husband had left his fortune to her and the unborn child. Under the proposed abortion law, she could take the life of her child and inherit all of her husband's estate. Wouldn't that be murder for financial gain? The only answer I got was that they were glad I wasn't asking the questions on the bar exam.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=MH7b57xk6jIC&pg=PA52 Speaking My Mind: Selected Speeches]</ref></blockquote>

==The New Republican Party==
At the 1975 [[Conservative Political Action Conference]], Reagan talked about the new Republican Party in a speech titled "''[[Let Them Go Their Way]]''", a party that was a striking contrast to the Democrat party. He called for bold colors that would be contrasted against pale pastels. This is one of Reagan's most quoted lines from any speech.<ref>[http://www.westernfreepress.com/2013/03/14/reagan-at-cpac-in-1975-let-them-go-their-way/ Reagan at CPAC in 1975: "Let Them Go Their Way"]</ref>

At the time, voters were of the belief that because Republicans did very little in the way of conservative principles and values, that there was little to no difference between the two parties. Reagan's main point was that instead of organizing a new third party, why not organize a new first party.

==Presidential Campaigns==
===1976===
[[File:1976 Republican National Convention.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Reagan and Ford at the 1976 Republican National Convention]]
{{Main|United States presidential election, 1976}}

After [[Richard Nixon]]'s resignation in 1974, the weak [[Gerald Ford]] became president, and Reagan challenged him in the 1976 Republican Party primaries. The main issue was détente with the Soviets as promoted by Ford and Secretary of State [[Henry Kissinger]], though other issues such as the [[Panama Canal]] also threw Ford off guard.<ref name=canal>[https://books.google.com/books?id=qpfzsnHAzZAC&pg=PA315 Gerald Ford and the Challenges of the 1970s]</ref> Ford won the first 13 primaries, then Reagan came roaring back. He criticized the federal government and politicians for being too large, too powerful, and too involved in American society. Reagan named liberal eastern Senator Richard Schweiker as his running mate, disappointing many of his conservative supporters.<ref>[http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1976/07/28/page/5/article/reagan-gambles-all-in-schweiker-choice Reagan gambles all in Schweiker choice]</ref> The outcome of the contest was that Ford won 26 primary contests, and Reagan won 24. The final delegate count was 1121 to 1078, Ford. 1130 delegates were needed to clinch the nomination.<ref name=seventysix>[http://www.newsweek.com/delegate-battle-1976-reagan-almost-unseated-ford-449843 Delegate Battle of '76: When Reagan Almost Beat Ford], [[Newsweek]]</ref>

At the Republican convention, victory came down to the Mississippi delegation which swung the nomination to Ford. However, given how difficult it is to run against an incumbent president in a Primary, Reagan's campaign was surprisingly strong. On the first ballot, Ford had 1,187 delegates, Reagan had 1,070.<ref name=seventysix /> Ford had succeeded in becoming the party's nominee.

After Ford was defeated in the general election, Reagan retired to his ranch in California and continued to give speeches across the country. There was little doubt that Reagan was the dominant Republican for the next election, and he easily won the nomination in 1980.

===1980===
{{Main|United States presidential election, 1980}}

Before the general election, Reagan faced a Republican primary challenge from the more moderate [[George H. W. Bush]]. Bush was highly established and respected as having served as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, ambassador to People's Republic of China and the United Nations, former chairman of the National Republican Committee, and two-term Congressman from [[Texas]]. Bush referred to Reagan's economic policies as "voodoo economics." After Bush won a surprising victory in the January 21st [[Iowa]] State primary, Reagan surged ahead after he outwitted Bush in the New Hampshire debate. During that debate, Reagan uttered the famous phrase "I'm paying for this microphone!"<ref>[https://usatelections.wordpress.com/2015/07/31/10-memorable-moments-from-past-primary-debates/ 10 memorable moments from past primary debates], [[USA Today]]</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RRI6iSrS1kc Ronald Reagan's famous line, "I am paying for this microphone"]</ref> After winning Iowa and losing New Hampshire, Bush had another win in the Massachusetts primary, then Reagan began sweeping primaries and crushed all of his opponents.<ref>[http://www.unionleader.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/99999999/NEWS0605/110509963 1980: Reagan begins his sweep], [[New Hampshire Union Leader]]</ref> Bush dropped out on May 26, leaving Reagan as the presumptive nominee. Ironically, he named George H. W. Bush as his running mate at the convention.<ref>[https://partners.nytimes.com/library/politics/camp/800717convention-gop-ra.html Reagan Wins Nomination and Chooses Bush as Running Mate After Talks With Ford Fail], [[The New York Times]]</ref>

Reagan was able to crusade against the failures of incumbent Democrat, President [[Jimmy Carter]]. There was runaway [[stagflation]], soaring [[interest rates]], persistent [[unemployment]], a series of humiliations abroad, and a weakened [[military]] in the face of growing Soviet superpower. As Reagan put it, "I'm told I can't use the word depression. Well, I'll tell you the definition. A recession is when your neighbor loses his job; depression is when you lose your job. Recovery is when Jimmy Carter loses his." The most pressing foreign policy crisis was that [[Iran]]ian President [[Ayatollah Khomeini]] was holding fifty-two Americans hostage. All of Carter's diplomatic attempts had failed.

The phrase "There you go again", which Reagan used in the Reagan-Carter Debate on October 28, 1980, became a defining phrase of the campaign.<ref>[https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/Decoder/2012/1001/Presidential-debate-what-to-look-for-beyond-who-wins-or-loses-video Presidential debate: what to look for beyond who wins or loses]</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qN7gDRjTNf4 Reagan-Carter Oct. 28, 1980 Debate - "There You Go Again"]</ref>

[[File:2000px-ElectoralCollege1980.png|right|thumb|325px|Reagan's 1980 landslide]]
Reagan feared that the [[Soviet Union]]'s military had become much more powerful then the United States'. He proposed stronger defense systems and a larger military. Carter fought back, lashing out at Reagan as a dangerous radical who would unleash nuclear war. A liberal Republican [[John Anderson]] ran a third party campaign which received 7% of the popular vote. Reagan won a landslide victory - receiving 51% of the popular vote and winning 44 of 50 states. In the 20th century, only two presidents received a larger electoral majority: Franklin Roosevelt in 1936 and Richard Nixon in 1972.<ref>[http://www.trivia-library.com/c/biography-of-us-president-ronald-reagan-part-8-campaign.htm Biography of U.S. President Ronald Reagan]</ref> His long coattails brought in the first Republican Senate in years, but the Democrats still controlled the House. The election marked the last hurrah of the New Deal era, the final collapse of the [[New Deal Coalition]] and indeed the end of liberalism as a coherent policy.<ref>Busch 2005</ref>

====Suburban Swimming Pool====
During the 1980 election, media outlets at the time used blue for republican states and red for democrat states.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMuWVsPQbwM US Election Night 1980 NBC live coverage 11-4-1980], Reagan blue-state landslide map in the background</ref><ref>[https://www.wnd.com/2012/05/how-red-states-turned-blue-and-vice-versa/ How red states turned blue and vice versa], [[WND]]</ref> [[David Brinkley]] famously said that it looked like a "suburban swimming pool."<ref>[https://www.conservativenewsandviews.com/2015/10/29/editorial/guest/dem-red-reagan-blue/ Dem red, Reagan blue]</ref> [[Time Magazine]] referred to it as "Lake Reagan."<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=20040208&id=bVNWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=qesDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6665,1584006&hl=en One state, Two state; red state blue state]</ref>

==Presidency (1981–1989)==
[[Image:Reagan 1981 Inauguration.jpg|right|thumb|325px|President Elect Reagan being sworn in for his first term in the 1981 Inauguration Ceremony at the U.S. Capitol]]
Ronald Reagan was sworn in as the 40th President of the United States on January 20, 1981. On that same day, Ayatollah released the hostages after keeping them in captivity for 444 days. At the inauguration, the invocation and benediction were delivered by Reverend Donn Moomaw, Reagan's pastor at Bel Air Presbyterian Church in Hollywood.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=wF_kAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA15-IA103 The Living Church, Volume 182]</ref>

Once in office, Reagan vowed a shift in federal power, back to states and localities.<ref name=localities>[https://www.nytimes.com/1981/03/21/us/reagan-vows-shift-in-federal-powers.html REAGAN VOWS SHIFT IN FEDERAL POWERS], [[The New York Times]]</ref> When the Federal [[Air Traffic Controllers]] struck illegally, Reagan showed he was playing hardball and gave them 48 hours before he fired all who hadn't gone back to work (11,359).

Reagan rebuffed liberals who complained he was killing the New Deal. Noting that he voted for FDR in 1932, 1936, 1940 and 1944, as well as Truman in 1948, Reagan said he was trying to repeal the ''"[[Great Society]]"'' enacted by liberals in the mid-1960s.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=68rBxuO7EsMC&pg=PA351&dq=reagan+%22great+society%22+roosevelt+truman&lr=&num=30&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES ''Eyewitness to Power''], by David Gergen, (2000) p 351</ref> During the first term of his presidency, Reagan tapped [[James A. Baker III (Secretary of State)|James A. Baker III]], [[Edwin Meese III]], and [[Michael Deaver]] to form a group known by some as "The Troika".<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1981/04/19/magazine/the-presidential-troika.html?pagewanted=all The Presidential Troika]</ref><ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=950&dat=19810806&id=02xQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=rlkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7013,1321812&hl=en The Troika], The Evening Independent</ref><ref>[http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1985-01-05/features/8501010299_1_deaver-and-meese-michael-deaver-edwin-meese Reagan Does Not Plan To Replace Deaver, Meese]</ref>

Early in his first term, he took a trip to Canada where he met with Prime Minister [[Pierre Trudeau]] and addressed the Canadian Parliament.<ref>[https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/reagan-ronald Travels of the President]</ref> While in Canada, Reagan requested to meet with [[Gordon Sinclair]], a Canadian journalist who had made international headlines for his commentary "[[The Americans]]".<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/08/03/Veteran-Toronto-broadcaster-Gordon-Sinclair-81-famous-in-the/7991365659200/ Veteran Toronto broadcaster Gordon Sinclair, 81, famous in the...]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=UP61LHTcaFMC&pg=PA84 A Salute to Service: The Rebirth of Patriotism]</ref>

Democrats in the Senate choose as their Leader the [[Exalted Cyclops]] [[Robert Byrd]], Senator from [[West Virginia]]. Over the course of Reagan's presidency, the government was forced to shutdown a total of eight times, many times due to confrontations with [[House Speaker]] [[Tip O'Neill]].<ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/360142/government-shutdowns-history-charles-c-w-cooke Government Shutdowns: A History]</ref><ref>[https://www.redstate.com/diary/willstauff/2014/02/18/tip-oneill-gop-majority-myth/ Replace Boehner with Tip O’Neill]</ref>

===Administration===
[[Image:Reaganfamily-red-rr-.jpg|right|thumb|325px|President & Mrs. Reagan with their extended family.]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Office
! Name
! Term
|-
| [[President]]
| Ronald Reagan
| 1981-1989
|-
| [[Vice President of the United States of America|Vice President]]
| [[George H.W. Bush]]
| 1981-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of State]]
| [[Alexander Haig]]
| 1981-1982
|-
|
| [[George Shultz]]
| 1982-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Treasury]]
| [[Donald Regan]]
| 1981-1985
|-
|
| [[James A. Baker III (Secretary of State)|James A. Baker III]]
| 1985-1988
|-
|
| [[Nicholas Brady]]
| 1988-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Defense]]
| [[Caspar Weinberger]]
| 1981-1987
|-
|
| [[Frank C. Carlucci]]
| 1987-1989
|-
| [[Attorney General]]
| [[William Smith]]
| 1981-1985
|-
|
| [[Edwin Meese III]]
| 1985-1988
|-
|
| [[Richard Thornburgh]]
| 1988-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of the Interior]]
| [[James G. Watt]]
| 1981-1983
|-
|
| [[William P. Clark, Jr.]]
| 1983-1985
|-
|
| [[Donald Hodel]]
| 1985-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Agriculture]]
| [[John Rusling Block]]
| 1981-1986
|-
|
| [[Richard E. Lyng]]
| 1986-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Commerce]]
| [[Howard M. Baldrige, Jr.]]
| 1981-1987
|-
|
| [[C. William Verity, Jr.]]
| 1987-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Labor]]
| [[Raymond J. Donovan]]
| 1981-1985
|-
|
| [[William E. Brock]]
| 1985–1987
|-
|
| [[Ann Dore McLaughlin]]
| 1987-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Health and Human Services]]
| [[Richard S. Schweiker]]
| 1981–1983
|-
|
| [[Margaret Heckler]]
| 1983-1985
|-
|
| [[Otis R. Bowen]]
| 1985-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Education]]
| [[Terrel Bell]]
| 1981-1985
|-
|
| [[William Bennett]]
| 1985-1988
|-
|
| [[Lauro Cavazos]]
| 1988-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Housing and Urban Development]]
| [[Samuel R. Pierce, Jr.]]
| 1981-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Transportation]]
| [[Drew Lewis]]
| 1981-1983
|-
|
| [[Elizabeth Dole]]
| 1983-1987
|-
|
| [[James H. Burnley IV]]
| 1987-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Energy]]
| [[James B. Edwards]]
| 1981-1982
|-
|
| [[Donald Paul Hodel]]
| 1982-1985
|-
|
| [[John S. Herrington]]
| 1985-1989
|-
|}

===Assassination Attempt===
Outside the Washington Hilton Hotel<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=tMrEP4Y6whwC&pg=PA64 The Reagan Era from the Iran Crisis to Kosovo]</ref> on March 30, 1981, Reagan was shot by [[John W. Hinckley]] near the heart after giving a routine speech.<ref>The assassin was [[John Hinckley]], a mentally disturbed man who didn't shoot Reagan for political reasons, but instead did to impress an actress he had never met.</ref> Surgeons at [[George Washington University]] Hospital saved his life and despite his age, he recovered quickly. Prior to the operation, Reagan looked up at the doctors and said "I Hope you're all Republicans". Dr. Joseph Giordano, the head surgeon at GWU Hospital confirmed the story, and replied to the president "We are all Republicans today".<ref>[http://urbanlegends.about.com/od/historical/a/ronald_reagan.htm Ronald Reagan: Grace Under the Scalpel]</ref>

White House Press Secretary [[James Brady]] was shot in the head, became permanently disabled; Brady then became an icon of the [[gun control|anti-gun]] movement.

The assassination attempt came at a critical moment and disarmed the opposition in Congress, enabling Reagan to pass his major legislation even though the Democrats controlled the House.

===1984 Reelection===
[[File:2000px-ElectoralCollege1984.png|right|thumb|325px|Reagan's 1984 landslide]]
{{Main|United States presidential election, 1984}}

In 1984, Reagan was re-elected in a landslide, winning every state except Mondale's home state of Minnesota and the District of Columbia, creating a record 525 electoral vote total (of 538 possible), and received 58.8%. of the popular vote.<ref>[https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/scores.html#1984 National Archives]</ref><ref>[http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?f=0&year=1984 Leip, David: 1984 Presidential Election Results.]</ref> At the second inaugural, the Reverend Timothy Healy delivered the invocation, and the Reverend Peter Gomes delivered the benediction.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1988&dat=19850119&id=MGwiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_6sFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1381,1418388&hl=en The Argus-Press - Jan 19, 1985]</ref> In his Second Inaugural Address after winning the election, Reagan asked two of his most well-remembered questions: "''If not us, who? And if not now, when?''"

During his second term, Reagan helped end the Cold War with the help of Margaret Thatcher and some assistance from Pope John Paul II and Mikhail Gorbachev by recognizing the weakness of the Soviet economy and spent them out of existence by their not being able to compete with defense spending.

===Challenger Disaster===
On January 28, 1986, the [[Space Shuttle Challenger]] disintegrated due to O-ring failure 73 seconds after lift-off. In response, Reagan gave a speech that is regarded as a high mark of his presidency.<ref name=challenger>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/01/28/how-ronald-reagan-explained-the-challenger-disaster-to-the-world-its-all-part-of-taking-a-chance/ Exactly the right words, exactly the right way: Reagan’s amazing Challenger disaster speech], [[The Washington Post]]</ref> [[Peggy Noonan]] was chosen to write the speech who, at the time, was relatively unknown.<ref name=challenger /> In the speech, the freedom of the United States was highlighted in contrast to the tyranny of socialism, and the astronauts were honored as they were on their final journey to "touch the face of God".<ref>[http://history.nasa.gov/reagan12886.html Explosion of the Space Shuttle Challenger, Address to the Nation, January 28, 1986], by President Ronald W. Reagan, [[NASA]]</ref>

===Space Station Freedom===
In the 1984 State of the Union Address, Ronald Reagan outlined the development of a [[Space station]]. He said "We can reach for greatness again. We can follow our dreams to distant stars, living and working in space for peaceful, economic, and scientific gain."<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=40205 Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on the State of the Union], January 25, 1984</ref> The space station, later named ''Freedom''<ref>[https://mix.msfc.nasa.gov/abstracts.php?p=1653 Space Station Freedom-Artist's Concept]</ref> faced challenges and re-designs due to budget cuts.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/09/us/nasa-studying-ways-to-redesign-space-station-to-meet-budget-cut.html NASA Studying Ways to Redesign Space Station to Meet Budget Cut]</ref> It eventually evolved into the [[International Space Station]] program.<ref>[https://uhclarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/faget/industrial/freedom Space Station Freedom]</ref><ref>[http://www.iso.org/iso/home/news_index/news_archive/news.htm?refid=Ref1555 Cooperation in space - The International Space Station benefits from ISO standards]</ref>

==Domestic policy==
===School prayer and a moment of silence===
[[Image:Reagans greet Billy Graham at Prayer Breakfast 1981.jpg|right|thumb|250px|President Reagan and Nancy Reagan greeting Billy Graham at the 1981 National Prayer Breakfast]]
As a conservative, Reagan was a supporter of school prayer, with Reagan repeatedly raising the issue during his presidency.<ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/266491/ronald-reagans-prayer-legacy-stewart-mclaurin Ronald Reagan’s Prayer Legacy], [[National Review]]</ref>

Early on in his presidency, Reagan brought up the issue of prayer in schools, which was banned in 1962 by the Supreme Court in [[Engel v. Vitale]]. He proposed a constitutional amendment<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/18/us/reagan-proposes-school-prayer-amendment.html Reagan Proposes School Prayer Amendment], [[The New York Times]]</ref> that contained the following language: "Nothing in this Constitution shall be construed to prohibit individual or group prayer in public schools or other public institutions. No person shall be required by the United States or by any state to participate in prayer".

Reagan revived the issue in 1984<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=40205 Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on the State of the Union], January 25, 1984</ref> noting the beliefs of the [[Founding Fathers]] on the importance of faith. He said: "America was founded by people who believed that God was their rock of safety. He is ours. I recognize we must be cautious in claiming that God is on our side, but I think it's all right to keep asking if we're on His side." Also in 1984, the Supreme Court reviewed a case regarding a moment of silence in schools.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2245&dat=19840712&id=vogzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dDIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=5416,1067751 Reagan urges school 'moment of silence']</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1984/12/05/us/high-court-weighs-silence-in-school-for-prayer-or-meditation.html High Court Weighs Silence in School for Prayer or Meditation], [[The New York Times]]</ref> In [[Wallace v. Jaffree]], the court ruled 6–3 against.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1985-06-04/news/mn-6462_1_voluntary-prayer High Court Bars Moments of Silence for School Prayer : But Would Approve Meditation], [[Los Angeles Times]]</ref> Reagan received the support of boxing legend [[Muhammad Ali]] who said, "He's keeping God in schools and that's enough."<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2016/06/10/when-muhammad-ali-endorsed-ronald-reagan/?utm_term=.e84c75ad95f2</ref>

Toward the end of his presidency in 1987, Reagan called for Congress to act.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=NefcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA56 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Ronald Reagan, 1987]</ref> In an address to Congress on January 27, he said: "The 100th Congress of the United States should be remembered as the one that ended the expulsion of God from America's classrooms".<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/28/nyregion/high-court-accepts-appeal-of-moment-of-silence-law.html High Court Accepts Appeal of 'Moment of Silence' Law], [[The New York Times]]</ref>

===Economy===
[[Image:Reagan_desk.jpg‎|left|thumb|275px|President Reagan working at his desk in the oval office, 05/06/82.]]
As President, Ronald Reagan enacted his theory of "[[Reaganomics]]." His four major policy objectives were the following:<ref>[http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc1/Reaganomics.html Reaganomics], by William A. Niskanen</ref>

*Reduce the growth of government spending.
*Reduce the marginal tax rates on income from both labor and capital.
*Reduce government regulation of the economy.
*Control the money supply to reduce inflation.

On August 13, 1981, Reagan signed the Kemp-Roth [[Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981]] bill into law, reducing the tax burden on American citizens.
[[File:Time-8-17-81.jpg|thumb|250px| ''Time'' Aug 17, 1981. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,949316,00.html read story]]]
Fueled by an over spending [[Congress]] that steadfastly refused Reagan's budget proposals, the national debt increased 160% during his two terms in office. However, the economic growth that resulted from tax cuts made deficits as a percentage of [[GDP]] lower than what they had been in during the previous decade of stagflation. The period of high [[inflation]] and [[unemployment]] when Reagan took office was over after eight years of his presidency. In 1986 Reagan signed the [[Tax Reform Act of 1986]], which obtained an overhaul of the income tax code and eliminated many deductions and exempted millions of people with low incomes. The [[income tax]] rates of the top personal tax bracket dropped from 70% to 28% in 7 years. At the same time, Reagan sought to close tax loopholes so that the wealthy would not be able to get away with paying less tax than low to middle-income earners. By the end of his administration, the Nation was enjoying its longest recorded period of peacetime prosperity without [[recession]] or [[depression]].<ref>[https://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/rr40.html Ronald Reagan]</ref>

====PATCO Strike====
On 3 August 1981, 13,000 air traffic controllers, members of the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO), walked off the job. PATCO had supported Reagan in the 1980 election but now was making exorbitant demands regarding high raises, early retirement, and reduced hours. The Federal Aviation Administration made a generous offer but PATCO said no and called a strike. PATCO assumed it would shut down all air traffic and paralyze the economy, forcing the government to surrender, but they misjudged Ronald Reagan. Under federal law, the strike was illegal. Reagan ordered the strikers as a group to return to work. Some returned but most did not; he ordered individual strikers to return, and again most refused. Reagan was ready; secretly the Transportation Secretary Drew Lewis had readied military replacements. It was the first time in over 50 years in a major strike that replacements were used. Two days later, the president fired 11,000 strikers, and they never were rehired. The planes were flying and labor unions suffered their worst defeat since the 1920s. Reagan's dramatic action energized corporations to resist union demands, and sped up the rapid decline in union membership and the political power of union bosses.<ref>"Turbulence in the Tower," [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,949316,00.html ''Time'' Aug. 17, 1981]; Paul L. Butterworth, et al., "More than a Labor Dispute: The PATCO Strike of 1981," ''Essays in Economic & Business History'' 2005 23:125-139</ref>

===Boll Weevils===
In 1981 President [[Ronald Reagan]] won over enough conservative southern Democrats—called '''Boll Weevils'''--<ref>[https://www.csmonitor.com/1981/1216/121615.html Boll weevils, gypsy moths, and the 97th Congress ], [[Christian Science Monitor]]</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/26/us/congress-the-eclipse-of-the-boll-weevils.html CONGRESS; THE ECLIPSE OF THE BOLL WEEVILS], [[The New York Times]]</ref> to carry his major tax cuts through a House nominally controlled by the Democrats. Led by Congressman [[Phil Gramm]] of Texas,<ref>Gramm later became a Republican. On Gramm see David Frum, "Righter Than Newt," ''The Atlantic Monthly'' v. 275#3 (March 1995) pp 81+, online at [[Questia]]</ref> they helped Reagan enact many of his domestic policy proposals, to increase defense spending sharply, and to block leftists attacks on Reagan's anti-Communist policies in Central America. They also helped dismantle some of the remnants of [[Lyndon Johnson]]'s [[Great Society]].<ref>The "boll weevil" was a pest that ruined cotton plants across the South in the early 20th century, and forced the region to diversify out of cotton.</ref> Reagan did not campaign against them, so they kept their seats a few years longer.<ref>Lou Cannon, ''President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime'' (2000) pp 89, 754</ref>

===Social Security Reform 1983===
Mounting concerns that rising Social Security benefits were causing a long-term deficit and were growing too fast resulted in a bipartisan compromise in 1983. Brokered by conservative [[Alan Greenspan]] and liberal [[Claude Pepper]], the agreement lowered benefits over the next 75 years and brought the system into balance. Key provisions included a gradual increase over 25 years in the retirement age from 65 to 67, to take account of longer life expectancy. (People could retire younger, but at a reduced rate of benefits.) Millions of people were added to the system, especially employees of state governments and of nonprofit organizations.<ref>1983 Greenspan Commission on Social Security Reform (1983) [https://www.ssa.gov/history/reports/gspan5.html online version]; "Claude Pepper and Social Security Reform - 1981-1983," [http://www.claudepeppercenter.fsu.edu/webexhibits/socialsecurityreform/socialsecurityreform1981to1983.htm online exhibit]; Paul Charles Light, ''Artful Work: The Politics of Social Security Reform'' (1985)</ref>

===Judicial Appointments===
[[File:Reagan and Justices.jpg|thumb|250px| From left to right: Justices [[Harry Blackmun]], [[Thurgood Marshall]], [[William Brennan]], Chief Justice [[Warren Burger]], President Reagan, [[Sandra Day O'Connor]], [[Byron White]], [[Lewis F. Powell, Jr.]], [[William Rehnquist]] and [[John Paul Stevens]].]]
President Reagan made a total of 381 judicial appointments; 83 to US Court of Appeals, 290 to US District Courts, and 5 to the Supreme Court. 11 were not confirmed.<ref>[https://www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-conservative-turn-of-america-1968-1989-30/the-reagan-administration-228/battles-in-the-courts-and-congress-1289-8810/ President Reagan's Court appointees included: Sandra Day O'Connor, Anton Scalia, Anthony Kennedy, and William Rehnquist as Chief Justice.]</ref>

====Supreme Court====
Reagan fulfilled a promise he unnecessarily made in his 1980 presidential campaign to appoint the first women to the [[U.S. Supreme Court]].<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1291&dat=19801015&id=4zxUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=s40DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4187,2916117&hl=en Reagan pledges woman on court], [[Associated Press]]</ref> On July 7, 1981, he chose the first person he interviewed, without even bothering to interview other candidates, by nominating little-known Arizona judge [[Sandra Day O'Connor]] to become an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. O'Connor succeeded Justice [[Potter Stewart]]. Liberals, who had been ready for a knock-down battle, were stunned that Reagan had appointed a [[feminist]] and welcomed her nomination. [[Pro-life]] groups pointed out that her record indicated her support of [[abortion]]; [[movement conservative]]s [[Jerry Falwell]] opposed her confirmation and Howard Phillips testified against it. Phillips prophetically declared, "People say you can't tell how a Supreme Court nominee will turn out once on the bench. I respectfully disagree. In most cases, it's very clear. I opposed the nomination of Sandra Day O'Connor because it was very clear that she had a pro-[[abortion]] record in the Arizona State Senate and as a judge in Arizona. She was also allied with [[Planned Parenthood]]." With enthusiastic liberal support for O'Connor, she was confirmed by the Senate by a 99–0 vote on September 21 and took her seat September 25.

In 1986 [[Warren E. Burger]] announced his retirement from the Court. Reagan nominated [[Antonin Scalia]] to fill the vacant seat, at the same time that he elevated [[William Rehnquist]] for Chief Justice. Most of the opposition in the Senate focused their opposition on the Rehnquist nomination. Scalia was confirmed by a unanimous 98–0 vote, while Rehnquist was confirmed over substantial opposition.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/22/AR2007082200931.html Rehnquist Confirmed In 65-33 Senate Vote]</ref><ref>[https://www.loc.gov/law/find/nominations/scalia/vote.pdf Floor Vote - Scalia], September 17, 1986</ref>

=====Robert Bork=====
In 1987, Reagan nominated conservative judge [[Robert Bork]] to replace retiring Supreme Court Justice [[Lewis Powell]]. In a highly contentious series of Senate Hearings<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2012/12/19/politics/robert-bork-dead/ Robert Bork, known for contentious Supreme Court nomination, dies at 85], [[CNN]]</ref> senate liberals attacked Bork as being too conservative. Senator [[Ted Kennedy]] criticized him, saying,
:''"Robert Bork's America is a land in which women would be forced into back-alley abortions, blacks would sit at segregated lunch counters, rogue police could break down citizens' doors in midnight raids, schoolchildren could not be taught about evolution, writers and artists could be censored at the whim of the Government, and the doors of the Federal courts would be shut on the fingers of millions of citizens for whom the judiciary is -- and is often the only -- protector of the individual rights that are the heart of our democracy."''<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE5DF1E3EF936A35754C0A961948260 WASHINGTON; Kennedy And Bork], [[The New York Times]]</ref>

The U.S. Senate rejected Bork's confirmation on a 42–58 vote. Reagan then turned to [[Douglas Ginsburg]], who withdrew his name from consideration when it was discovered he smoked [[marijuana]], which was [[illegal]], with his students. Finally, the much less controversial (but more [[liberal]]) Californian [[Anthony Kennedy]] was nominated, who was confirmed on a 97–0 vote.

======"Borking"======
Because of the treatment that Robert Bork received during his confirmation hearing, the term to "be Borked" entered the general lexicon.<ref>[http://beta.townhall.com/columnists/jonahgoldberg/2007/10/26/the_borking_of_american_politics The Borking of American Politics], [[Townhall]]</ref>

===Federalism===
{{main|Federalism|Tenth Amendment}}

As a staunch supporter of the Republic which our [[Founding Fathers]] created and handed down to us, Reagan signed Executive Order 12612 on October 26, 1987.<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=33607 Executive Order 12612 - Federalism]</ref> The EO recognized that the [[Constitution]] only grants authority to a few, specific [[Enumerated powers]]. Outside of these few areas, the role of the Federal Government should not be a meddlesome one, but that the states should be in charge, where citizens have a more direct and local discretion. The EO said "Federalism is rooted in the knowledge that our political liberties are best assured by limiting the size and scope of the national government".

Executive Order 12612 was rescinded with Executive Order 13083 by the [[authoritarian]] [[Democrat]] [[Bill Clinton]] on May 14, 1998.<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=55957 Executive Order 13083 - Federalism]</ref><ref>[https://www.heritage.org/research/reports/1998/06/president-clintons-sellout-of-federalism President Clinton's Sellout of Federalism], [[Heritage Foundation]]</ref>

===War on Drugs===
As President, Reagan declared a "[[War on Drugs]]", which would be policies put forward by the United States and other countries to reduce illegal drug trade. In 1986, President Reagan signed the very prominent Anti-Drug Abuse Act which granted $97 million to build new [[prison]]s, $200 million for drug [[education]] and $241 million for treatment. Overall, $1.7 billion to fight the drug crisis.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/drugs/cron/ Thirty Years of America's Drug War], A Chronology, [[PBS]]</ref> First Lady [[Nancy Reagan]] started a slogan, "[[Just Say No]]" to drug use. The term was used in television advertising, and today there are many "Just Say No" drug clinics. As a result of the policies, [[marijuana]] use dropped from 33% of high-school seniors in 1980 to 12% in 1991.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/drugs/interviews/kleber.html Interview with Dr. Herbert Kleber], [[PBS]]</ref>

===Illegal immigration===
November 6, 1986, Reagan signed into law the [[Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986]], also known as the Simpson-Mazzoli Act, named after it's two authors: Romano Mazzoli and [[Alan Simpson]].<ref>[http://humanevents.com/2007/06/04/simpsonmazzoli-twentyone-years-later/ Simpson-Mazzoli: Twenty-One Years Later], [[Human Events]]</ref>

In his diaries, Reagan wrote that he wanted to sign the bill because of how important it was to regain control of our borders.<ref>[http://www.ontheissues.org/Celeb/Ronald_Reagan_Immigration.htm Ronald Reagan on Immigration]</ref> But the bill had largely the opposite effect. By granting a pathway to citizenship (amnesty) to 2.7 million illegal aliens, the law encouraged unlawful entry by more than 10 million additional new illegal aliens. However, Reagan was not enthusiastic about, and did not make an effort to enforce, the law's provision making it illegal for employers to hire illegal aliens.<ref>Kammer, Jerry (January 3, 2019). [https://www.cis.org/Kammer/How-Washington-Post-Expose-Trump-Missed-Story-How-Reagan-Wrecked-Immigration-Reform How the Washington Post Exposé of Trump Missed the Story of How Reagan Wrecked Immigration Reform]. ''Center for Immigration Studies''. Retrieved January 3, 2019.</ref>

==Foreign policy==

===Strategic Defense Initiative===

Reagan's 1983 [[Strategic Defense Initiative]] became popularly known as "[[Star Wars]]", the name given to it by critics because they thought it was pure fantasy like the popular [[George Lucas]] films. This plan was never fully instituted. Although billions of dollars were spent on development, no space-based missile defense was tested successfully during Reagan's terms in office. However, the main goal was achieved of forcing the Soviets to realize they could no longer compete in the Cold War.

The threat the Soviet Union felt from the SDI initiative forced them to negotiate an end to the arms race, according to many involved with diplomacy at the time and can be seen by following Gorbachev's repeated public insistences that the SDI program be discontinued. [[Henry Kissinger]] wrote:
:''I know it's an axiomatic view of the Left around the world that missile defense is sinful, and that it's desirable to keep each nation as vulnerable as possible. But that's a debatable premise. The U.S. must defend itself against ''whoever'' has missiles that would threaten the United States. And you don't have to be able to name an enemy.''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050308023334/http://www.doublestandards.org/dreifus1.html An interview with Henry Kissinger], by Claudia Dreifus, August 29th, 2001</ref>

===Flight 007===
Reagan was president at the time of the shooting down of [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]]. He termed the shoot-down of an innocent straying passenger plane with 269 passengers and crew, including Congressman [[Larry McDonald]], as a "massacre". The ensuing rage over the tragedy both worldwide and in the U.S. provided support for the deployment of cruise and Pershing ll missiles in West Europe- just six minutes flying time from Moscow.

===Soviet Union===
Shortly after taking office in 1981 Reagan issued National Security Decision Directive 11–82, (NSDD 11-82), that explicitly made U.S. defense spending a form of economic warfare against the Soviets. The directive was known more unofficially as the Reagan Initiative, and was an incorporation of the principle of [[Peace through strength]].

The United States would "exploit and demonstrate the enduring economic advantages of the West to develop a variety of [arms] systems that are difficult for the Soviets to counter, impose disproportionate costs, open up new areas of major military competition and obsolesce previous Soviet investment or employ sophisticated strategic options to achieve this end. Reagan's [[Strategic Defense Initiative]] (SDI), or "Star Wars" as the media referred to it, was a costly high-tech research and development program designed to make arms spending a "rising burden on the Soviet economy."<ref>Peter Schweizer , [http://www.reason.com/news/show/28929.html ''Reagan's War: The Epic Story of His Forty Year Struggle and Final Triumph Over Communism''], New York: Doubleday, 2002.</ref>
The Reagan Initiative was also concerned with aiding nations in active conflict with the Soviet Union. One such group was the [[mujahideen]] of Afghanistan who were given anti-aircraft missiles to fight the Soviet invaders.

A report by the CIA of the critical domestic economic problems and social discontent Soviet General Secretary Gorbachev provided a look what the sources of his principal dilemma-the very reforms needed to deal with the problems would threaten preservation of the [[nomenklatura]] and put at risk Gorbachev's ability to maintain the power to bring about [[Perestroika]].<ref>CIA Assessments of the Soviet Union: [https://www.cia.gov/csi/monograph/russia/enter.html Chapter 5, Enter Gorbachev ], Douglas J. MacEachin, CIA Publications, 1996.</ref>

====Reykjavík Summit====
[[Image:Photo 4 250.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Reagan and Gorbachev at Reykjavik]]
{{main|Reykjavík Summit}}

Gorbachev requested a Summit with Reagan in Reykjavik in October 1986 to discuss the stresses competition from Reagan's defense posture was having on Soviet military spending and economy, and Gorbachev's ability to carryout his plans of restructuring Communist control. Gorbachev told the [[Politburo]] in preparation for the Summit, "Our goal is to prevent the next round of arms race. If we do not do this ... will pulled into an arms race beyond our power, and we will lose this race, for we are presently at the limit of out capabilities."<ref>Notes of Politburo Meeting 4 October 1986, [https://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/22/documents/reykjavik/ Gorbachev's instructions for the group preparing for Reykjavik]</ref>

Initially, Reagan recognized that the Soviets were offering a bad deal at the [[Reykjavík Summit]], so he walked away from the table.<ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/423381/reagans-lesson-obama-no-agreement-better-bad-agreement-thom-tillis Reagan's Lesson to Obama: 'No Agreement Is Better Than a Bad Agreement'], [[National Review]]</ref>

A year later, the ''Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF)'', which was signed by Reagan and Gorbachev on December 8, 1987.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/12/newsid_3732000/3732902.stm 1986: Reykjavik summit ends in failure], [[BBC]]</ref>

===Dealing with the Soviets===
Gorbachev, weakened by his nation's economic [[malaise]], frightened by SDI, and committed to reforming the Soviet system before it collapsed, realized he had to end the Cold War to save Communism. Reagan proved willing to deal, but had to face three sources of criticism inside the U.S. The political right represented by the ''[[National Review]]'' and columnists such as [[George F. Will]] feared it was all a Soviet trap. Reagan used his enormous influence within the conservative movement to disarm these critics before disarming the Russians. Second were the "realists", led by Nixon and Henry A. Kissinger, who thought Reagan was going too far. The third group comprised segments of the intelligence community and military; they did not believe that the Soviet Union was as weak as Reagan and secretary of state, George P. Shultz, believed. Reagan, reelected in a landslide and at the peak of his power, pushed ahead with a series of agreements that effectively weakened the Soviet Empire and made it clear America had the initiative.<ref>James Mann, ''The Rebellion of Ronald Reagan'' (2009)</ref>

By the late 1980s, the Soviet Union began unilateral force cuts and troop withdrawals from Eastern Europe, and by May 1989 an unprecedented series of disclosures by senior Soviet officials revealed actual reductions in defense spending for the 1986-1990 and 1991-1995 Five Year Plan periods.<ref>Christopher Wilkinson NATO Review, [http://www.nato.int/docu/review/1991/9102-4.htm Soviet Defense Spending], NATO's Economics Directorate No. 2 - April 1991, Vol. 39 p. 16-22</ref> Genrikh Grofimenko, a former adviser to [[Leonid Brezhnev]], said "Ninety-nine percent of the Russian people believe that [the US] won the Cold War because of your president's insistence on SDI".<ref>Peter Schweizer, ''Reagan’s War''.</ref> Gennady Gerasimov, the Soviet Foreign Ministry's top spokesman during the 1980s, said "Reagan's SDI was a very successful blackmail. The Soviet economy couldn't endure such competition."<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122478630951963297 Freedom's Team], [[Wall Street Journal]]</ref>

Reagan also brought about the collapse of the [[Berlin Wall]], which was a symbol of [[communism]] and oppressed the [[freedom]] of East Berliners that wanted to move to West Berlin.

===Containment and the Iranian initiative===
[[Image:C26887-26.jpg|right|250px|thumb|President Reagan being sworn in for second term in the rotunda at the U.S. Capitol, 1/21/85]]
{{main|Containment}}

In 1985, after Reagan won reelection to his second term, the focus turned from reviving the domestic economy to several foreign policy matters which had been lingering throughout the decade. One such matter involved Iran, a longtime ally of the Western Allies since 1941 that had experienced an [[Islamic Revolution]] in 1979 after President Carter announced [[Human Rights]] had superseded [[Containment]] as the primary focus of American foreign policy. Since 1980, Iran had been enmeshed in a brutal trench war with neighboring Iraq which was emerging as a potent military threat in the region to other allies. Members of the National Security Council staff, along with CIA Director [[William Casey]], persuaded Reagan much could be gained and several problems could be addressed simultaneously with an overture to Iran to restore relations.

The objective of the plan was fourfold:
#Take steps to restore good relations with the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]] which was becoming increasingly hostile to the West;
#Take measures to convince Iran that Israel could become a friend and ally;
#Insurance against Iraq becoming too strong which would become a threat to [[Kuwait]] or [[Saudi Arabia]];
#Provide funding for other operations to continue the policy of containment in the Western Hemisphere, most notably [[Nicaragua]], and the violence the Soviet/Cuban/Nicaragua connection was creating in [[El Salvador]] and [[Honduras]].

There were humanitarian aspects to the proposal as well; (1) the [[Iran-Iraq War]] had stalemated for nearly six years and Reagan was advised that he was in the unique position as president to help facilitate bringing a senseless war with much suffering to an end; (2) the suffering of the people of the Central American Republics at the hands of Soviet-inspired subversion which had in the decade of the '80s established a beachhead in North America; (3) Iran perhaps could be persuaded to use its good offices to influence hostage-takers in [[Lebanon]] who had held several Western prisoners, many of them Christian Missionaries, for several years.

Reports had filtered back to Reagan that children as young as nine years old had been used by Iran to clear minefields.<ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/iran-iraq.htm Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988), ''Iraqi Retreats, 1982-84''], Globalsecurity.org, retrieved 20 March 2007.</ref> In weighing Iraq's delicate Sunni/Shia balance and the growing threat of Iranian-sponsored terrorism, the NSC staff and Casey recognized the dangers of an Iraqi collapse as well as the urgent need to dissuade Iran from continuing its ruthless and inhumane tactics.<ref>[http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB82/iraq53.pdf NSDD 139, 5 April 1984].</ref>

The [[Boland amendment]], a Vietnam era-style Congressional impingement on the legitimate foreign policy prerogatives of the Executive via the power of the purse, was used to deny Reagan's recommitment to the [[Truman Doctrine]] which had been adhered to by every President, Democratic and Republican alike since Truman, with the exception of [[President Carter]] whose [[human rights]] policy had brought one of the active belligerents, the [[Ayatollah Khomeini]], to power. In three of the active Soviet fronts, [[Afghanistan]], [[Nicaragua]], and [[El Salvador]], some Congressional Democratic leaders were openly sympathetic to Soviet foreign policy.<ref>[https://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/004/591eifow.asp ''One Weekend in April, A Long Time Ago ... What John Kerry thought about the Sandinista in Nicaragua''], Hugh Hewitt, The Weekly Standard, 09/09/2004.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060331222819/www.newsmax.com/archives/ic/2004/6/7/234527.shtml ''Kerry: 'I'm Proud I Stood Against Reagan''] Carl Limbacher and NewsMax.com Staff, 7 June 2004.</ref> So the decision was made to fund [[Containment]] of Soviet objectives on an active front in North America with sales of TOW missiles to Iran. Israel provided the TOWs because the [[Boland Amendment]] forbade direct US funding and it was a welcome opportunity for Israel to build bridges to a much-needed friend in the Middle East.

The operation was known as the "[[Iran-Contra affair]]." After word got out about the operation in November 1986, investigations were made, leading to the convictions of several members of the Reagan administration. President Reagan himself testified before the Tower Commission that he had poor recollection of the details of the operation due in part to the heavy pain medications he had been on in that period.

===Nicaragua===
In 1981 Robert McFarlane, then assistant to the Secretary of State proposed a coordinated covert political, economic, and military approach to the pro-Communist [[Sandinista]] government in Nicaragua and the insurgency in El Salvador, led by [[Daniel Ortega]]. His proposal was approved in January 1982, in "National Security Directive 17," which provided for a $20 million program against the Sandinista government and gave the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA) responsibility for organizing a five-hundred-man "interdiction" force.<ref>See [http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/nsdd/nsdd-017.htm Portions online]</ref> Democrats in Congress began voicing opposition in 1982; Reagan and Congress were in constant battle until 1987, when all five Central American heads of state signed a peace accord. The Sandinistas and Contras signed a cease-fire agreement in 1988, and in 1991 democratic elections overthrew the Sandinista regime.<ref>James M. Scott, "Interbranch Rivalry and the Reagan Doctrine in Nicaragua." ''Political Science Quarterly'' 1997 112(2): 237-260.</ref>

===Beirut===
During the Lebanese Civil War, Reagan sent peacekeeping forces as a part of a multinational force to Beirut. On October 23, 1983, the barracks were bombed. As a result of the bombing, 241 Americans were killed.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1697&dat=19860827&id=ljQqAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZUcEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6550,6530129&hl=en Reagan says worst mistake involved Marines in Beirut]</ref> The Embassy was also attacked, which resulted in the deaths of 63 people, 17 of which were Americans.<ref>[http://www.deseretnews.com/article/515039782/1983-Beirut-bomb-began-era-of-terror.html?pg=all 1983 Beirut bomb began era of terror]</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/1023.html Beirut Death Toll at 161 Americans; French Casualties Rise in Bombings; Reagan Insists Marines Will Remain], [[New York Times]]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=BMnUBQJBbgIC&pg=PT157 Seven Events That Made America America: And Proved That the Founding Fathers Were Right All Along], by Larry Schweikart</ref>

===Grenada===
On March 13, 1979, the New Joint Endeavor for Welfare, Education, and Liberation Movement (New Jewel Movement—NJM), ousted Sir Eric Gairy in a coup and established a People's Revolutionary Government (PRG) headed by Maurice Bishop, who became Prime Minister of [[Grenada]]. His Marxist–Leninist government established close ties with Cuba, the Soviet Union, and other communist bloc countries.

In October 1983, a power struggle within the government resulted in the arrest and execution of Bishop and several members of his cabinet and the killing of dozens of his supporters by elements of the People's Revolutionary Army (PRA).

A U.S.-Caribbean force landed on Grenada on October 25, 1983, for Operation Urgent Fury, in response to an appeal from the Governor General and to a request for assistance from Barbados and other Eastern Caribbean states. U.S. citizens were evacuated, and order was restored.

An advisory council named by the Governor General administered the country until general elections were held in December 1984. The New National Party (NNP) led by Herbert Blaize won 14 out of 15 seats in free and fair elections and formed a democratic government. Grenada's constitution had been suspended in 1979 by the PRG, but it was restored after the 1984 elections.

===Cold War victory===
[[Image:300px-ReaganBerlinWall.jpg‎|right|275px|thumb|"Mr.Gorbachev, tear down this wall!"]] Reagan is credited for ending the [[Cold War]] in victory for the United States. Historian Tony Judt in ''Postwar'' credits Soviet leader [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], while the political scientist Jan Kubik presents a viewpoint that credits [[Pope John Paul II]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080221230216/http://praguepost.com/articles/2007/02/28/letters-to-the-editor.php Letters to the Editor]</ref> Other historians contend structural weaknesses within the Communist bloc meant Reagan's actions were inconsequential to the end of [[communism]]. This is the view adopted by [[Russia]]ns themselves, and many political historians, citing ''[[perestroika]]'' and ''[[glasnost]]'' as beginning an inevitable slow fading of central power, and a collapse by irreconcilable differences between the central Soviet [[Politburo]] and the constituent republics, especially the [[Ukraine]].<ref>David Remnick, "Lenin's Tomb</ref> In the end, the consensus seems to point to all of the above, that hastened the demise of the Soviet Union; Internal factors, religious pressure brought by the Pope, Gorbachev's "Perestroika" and the united front of Ronald Reagan and [[Margaret Thatcher]], leading [[NATO]] and [[the West]] to embed a [[SDI|missile defense system]] in [[Western Europe]], and the economic superiority of [[Capitalism]], which simply out-spent and out-performed that of the Communist one.

One thing that cannot be quantified is Reagan's ability to give [[hope]], his never-ending optimism that good would indeed triumph over evil.<ref>[http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/us/2015/March/That-Time-the-President-Spoke-Truth-about-Our-Enemies/?Print=true That Time the President Spoke Truth about Our Enemies], [[Christian Broadcasting Network]]</ref> Many see that as key to bringing extra confidence to those locked behind the "[[Iron Curtain]]" to press even harder for reforms.

Columnist Cal Thomas wrote about it like this:

{{cquote|'''''He proved he was right about the big things.'' Faced with editorial denunciations at home and massive demonstrations in [[Europe]] against his plan to put missiles there to offset a [[Soviet]] threat, Reagan went ahead and did it anyway. The Soviets could not keep pace with the buildup or Reagan's proposed missile defense system (derided by insincere and dangerous critics as "[[Star Wars]]"). ''When those critics could not bring themselves to admit they were wrong, they unpersuasively claimed the Soviet Union fell under its own weight.'' More accurately, Reagan pushed it onto "the ash heap of history," with the able assistance of British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and [[Pope John Paul II]]. What Reagan did more than anything else - and it will be his lasting legacy - is replace [[despair]] with hope. Most people, even his detractors, felt a glow from being in his presence.

'''''He was the kindest, most gracious president I have met, and I have met them all since JFK. In his presence you felt he was interested in you and not himself. He was a good man.''''' <ref>[http://www.townhall.com/columnists/CalThomas/2004/06/07/ronald_reagans_wonderful_life Ronald Reagan's wonderful life], [[Townhall]]</ref>}}

[[Brian Mulroney]], the [[Canada|Canadian]] Prime Minister, Eulogized Reagan at his state funeral:
{{cquote|'''Some in the West during the early 1980s believed communism and democracy were equally valid and viable. This was the school of "[[moral equivalence]]." In contrast Ronald Reagan saw Soviet Communism as a menace to be confronted in the genuine belief that its squalid underpinning would fall swiftly to the gathering winds of [[freedom]]. Provided, as he said, that NATO and the industrialized democracies stood firm and united. They did. ''And we know now who was right.'''''<ref>[http://reagan2020.us/eulogies/mulroney.asp Brian Mulroney on Ronald Reagan]</ref>}}

Former Reagan speech writer [[Peggy Noonan]] paid tribute to the fallen president in a [[Wall Street Journal]] editorial. In it, Noonan noted:
{{Cquote|'''Ronald Reagan told the truth to a world made weary by lies. He believed truth was the only platform on which a better future could be built. He shocked the world when he called the Soviet Union ‘evil,’ because it was, and an 'empire,' because it was that, too. He never stopped bringing his message to the people of the world, to Europe and China and in the end the Soviet Union. And when it was over, the Berlin Wall had been turned into a million concrete souvenirs, and Soviet communism had fallen. But of course, it didn’t fall. It was pushed. By Mr. Know-Nothing-Cowboy-Gunslinger-Dimwit. ''All presidents should be so stupid...'''''<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB108656337732830162 Thanks from a Grateful Country], [[WSJ]]</ref>}}

Reagan earned the undying animosity of leftists by not only saving capitalism by destroying the socialist [[Great Society]] programs, before he left office the two communist monoliths, Russia and China, converted to capitalism. America had fought two horrible, violent wars in Korea and Vietnam against the spread of leftist ideology and institutions, to a stalemate. Reagan saved the planet from communist slavery, and Democrats hated him for it.

===Libya===
In the 1980s, [[Muammar al-Gaddafi]] became a sponsor of [[terrorism]]. President [[Ronald Reagan]] ordered a retaliatory bombing of his palace and key Libyan targets in April 1986 during Operation El Dorado Canyon. At the time, Gaddafi, [[Fidel Castro]], and [[Leonid Brezhnev]] were considered to be an "unholy trinity".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=rVXuAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22unholy+trinity%22&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22unholy+trinity%22 Time Inc., 1982], [[Time Magazine]]</ref>
[[Image:Reagan and Thatcher.jpg‎|right|225px|thumb|Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher at the [[White House]]]]
===Thatcher on Reagan===

Upon his death, [[Margaret Thatcher]], in very ill health from a series of strokes, insisted upon traveling to America to bid farewell to her old friend, and taped a stirring tribute to him:
{{cquote|'''As Prime Minister, I worked closely with Ronald Reagan for eight of the most important years of all our lives. We talked regularly both before and after his presidency. And I have had time and cause to reflect on what made him a great president. Ronald Reagan knew his own mind. He had firm principles - and, I believe, right ones. He expounded them clearly, he acted upon them decisively. ''When the world threw problems at the White House, he was not baffled, or disorientated, or overwhelmed. He knew almost instinctively what to do.'''''

'''When his aides were preparing option papers for his decision, they were able to cut out entire rafts of proposals that they knew 'the Old Man' would never wear. When his allies came under Soviet or domestic pressure, they could look confidently to Washington for firm leadership. And when his enemies tested American resolve, they soon discovered that his resolve was firm and unyielding. ''Yet his ideas, though clear, were never simplistic. He saw the many sides of truth.'' Yes, he warned that the Soviet Union had an insatiable drive for military power and territorial expansion; but he also sensed it was being eaten away by systemic failures impossible to reform. Yes, he did not shrink from denouncing Moscow's 'evil empire'.'''

'''But he realized that a man of goodwill might nonetheless emerge from within its dark corridors. So the President resisted Soviet expansion and pressed down on Soviet weakness at every point until the day came when communism began to collapse beneath the combined weight of these pressures and its own failures. And when a man of goodwill did emerge from the ruins, President Reagan stepped forward to shake his hand and to offer sincere cooperation. ''Nothing was more typical of Ronald Reagan than that large-hearted magnanimity - and nothing was more American.'''''<ref>[http://reagan2020.us/eulogies/thatcher.asp Margaret Thatcher on Ronald Reagan]</ref>}}

==Post-presidency==
[[Image:5.jpg|left|thumb|250px|President Bush presents the Medal of Freedom Award to Former President Ronald Reagan in the East Room of the White House, 01/13/93]]
Reagan retired to California. He would occasionally involve himself in politics, including a speech in Britain addressing the [[Tiananmen Square massacre]], and an address at the 1992 Republican National Convention.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/14/world/reagan-gets-a-red-carpet-from-british.html Reagan Gets A Red Carpet From British], [[The New York Times]], June 14, 1989, "''You cannot massacre an idea, you cannot run tanks over hope. You cannot riddle a people's yearning with bullets. Those heroic Chinese students who gave their lives have released the spirit of democracy and it cannot be called back. That spirit is loose upon the world this spring''."</ref><ref>[http://www.nbcuniversalarchives.com/nbcuni/clip/5112542724_007.do President Reagan Speaks Out on Tiananmen Square Massacre], [[NBC]]</ref>

At a speech in front of the National Association of Broadcasters on April 13, 1992, Reagan was assaulted by a radical anti-nuclear protester masquerading as a press agent.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/16/us/protester-at-reagan-speech-had-press-credentials.html Protester at Reagan Speech Had Press Credentials], [[The New York Times]]</ref> The protester, identified as Rick Paul Springer, was the founder of a group called ''The 100th Monkey''.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1993-07-16/news/mn-13621_1_las-vegas Man Who Disrupted Reagan Speech Flees 4-Month Jail Term]</ref> At the event, Reagan was awarded a 2-foot statue for his contributions to broadcasting, made out of crystal weighing nearly 30 pounds.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/14/us/reagan-unhurt-after-man-smashes-30-pound-statue.html Reagan Unhurt After Man Smashes 30-Pound Statue], [[The New York Times]]</ref> When Springer smashed the statue, some shards did hit Reagan, but he was not hurt.

After the secret service rushed the man off stage, Reagan asked the crowd "Was that a democrat by chance?",<ref>[http://www.deseretnews.com/article/221028/NUCLEAR-PROTESTER-RUSHES-REAGAN-SMASHES-STATUE.html?pg=all NUCLEAR PROTESTER RUSHES REAGAN, SMASHES STATUE]</ref> to which the crowd burst into laughter.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NaLMmcY3vs0 President Reagan Attacked at NAB Convention Las Vegas April 1992 480p], [[CBS News]] video from 1992</ref> A spokesman for the [[Secret Service]] said that he was not sure how Springer got so close to Reagan to begin with.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1992-04-19/news/vw-684_1_secret-service-protection How Do You Really Protect a President?], [[Los Angeles Times]]</ref>

On January 13, 1993 President George H. W. Bush awarded Reagan the Presidential [[Medal of Freedom]]. Reagan was becoming increasingly forgetful. His last public appearance was on April 27, 1994, at the funeral for President Richard Nixon.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ewc1V-KnRMYC&pg=PA182 Ronald Reagan: A Biography]</ref> In November 1994, he announced that he had been diagnosed in August with [[Alzheimer's disease]], a degenerative nerve disorder that annihilates the victim's mental capacity.

([[See Reagan's letter to the American people regarding his disease.]])

He died at his [[Los Angeles|Bel Air]] home on June 5, 2004 at the age of 93, making him the second-longest lived president in history after [[Gerald Ford]]. Reagan was buried at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation and Library, located in Simi Valley, California, on June 11, 2004.<ref>[http://www.reaganfoundation.org/listviewf.aspx?session_args=NCrq/CB0Nbp/onw6gOr7mg==&p=LM2002EX&tx=13&h1=7&h2=3&sw=lm_exhibit&lm=libraryandmuseum&args_a=cms&args_b=32&argsb=N Exhibitions]</ref>

==Legacy and Honors==
[[Image:Reagan at the Rotunda.jpg|right|thumb|150px|The State of California donated a statue of Reagan to the [[National Statuary Hall Collection]] in 2009. The statue is currently in the Rotunda.<ref>[https://www.aoc.gov/capitol-hill/national-statuary-hall-collection/ronald-wilson-reagan Ronald Wilson Reagan]</ref>]]
There is growing consensus among scholars, both conservative and liberal, that he was the most influential president since [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]. Reagan left a major imprint on American politics, diplomacy, culture, and economics.<ref>"As of this writing, among academic historians, the Reagan revisionists—who view the 1980s as an era of mixed blessings at worst, and of great forward strides in some renditions—hold the field," reports Doug Rossinow, "Talking Points Memo," in American Quarterly 59.4 (2007) p. 1279. For more historiographical support see: Troy (2009); Hayward (2009); Wilentz (2008); also Charles L. Ponce de Leon, "The New Historiography of the 1980s" in ''Reviews in American History,'' Volume 36, Number 2, June 2008, pp. 303-314; Whitney Strub, "Further into the Right: The Ever-Expanding Historiography of the U.S. New Right," ''Journal of Social History,'' Volume 42, Number 1, Fall 2008, pp. 183-194; Kim Phillips-Fein, "Ronald Reagan: Fate, Freedom, and Making of History," ''Enterprise & Society'', Volume 8, Number 4, December 2007, pp. 986-988.</ref>

On March 26, 1982, Reagan's boyhood home in Dixon, Illinois<ref>[https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/presidents/ronald_reagan_boyhood_home.html Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home]</ref> was added to the National Register of Historic Places.<ref>[http://www.discoverdixon.org/dixon-community/70-reagan-s-roots.html Reagan's Roots]</ref> In 2002, Congress authorized<ref>[https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/400/text/pl To authorize the Secretary of the Interior to establish the Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home National Historic Site, and for other purposes]</ref> the purchase of the property and placed under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service.<ref>[http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2002-02-07/news/0202070346_1_boyhood-home-reagan-home-historic-site Reagan home is a historic site], [[Chicago Tribune]]</ref>

Reagan has come to be known by some conservatives as '''Ronaldus Magnus'''.<ref>[http://moonbattery.com/?p=66847 Vintage Christmas Address From Ronaldus Magnus], [[Moonbattery]]</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIAVrsmO_1Q Rush Limbaugh- Tribute To Ronald Reagan Part 1], Segment from the [[Rush Limbaugh]] TV show, February 6, 1996</ref>

The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, [[Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport]], and the aircraft carrier [[USS Ronald Reagan]] (CVN-76) are named in his honor.<ref>[http://www.reagan.navy.mil/ USS Ronald Reagan]</ref><ref>[http://www.uscarriers.net/cvn76history.htm USS RONALD REAGAN], USS ''Ronald Reagan'' CVN 76 official website</ref>

In 2011, the Toyon Park in the [[Anaheim Hills]] area of [[Anaheim]], [[California]] was renamed the Ronald Reagan Park.<ref>{{cite news |first=Eric |last=Carpenter |title=Ronald Reagan gets park named after him |url=https://www.ocregister.com/2011/02/09/ronald-reagan-gets-park-named-after-him/ |publisher=Orange County Register |date=February 9, 2011}}</ref>

[[Edwin Feulner]], one of the founders of the [[Heritage Foundation]], described Reagan's legacy this way: "At a time when patriotism was mocked, he exposed the bankruptcy of modern liberalism and proved that true liberty is still a fighting faith."<ref>[https://www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2004/06/the-legacy-of-ronald-reagan The Legacy of Ronald Reagan], [[Heritage Foundation]]</ref>

Conservatives such as [[Grover Norquist]] and his Reagan Legacy Project have sought to name at least one major structure in each U.S. country after Reagan, resulting in a large number of structures after him.<ref>Moody, Chris; Capachi, Casey (September 15, 2017). [https://www.cnn.com/2015/09/16/politics/ronald-reagan-naming-debate-2016/index.html Why Ronald Reagan's name is everywhere]. ''CNN''. Retrieved September 15, 2017.</ref>

Liberal Democrats have had a certain level of respect for Reagan because of his influential status in American history, though they also frequently weaponize him and his quotes when criticizing conservatives.<ref>Larsen, Emily (July 19, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/unlike-other-democrats-pete-buttigieg-has-no-use-for-ronald-reagans-legacy Unlike other Democrats, Pete Buttigieg has no use for Ronald Reagan’s legacy]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 20, 2019.</ref>

===Conservative Activism===
[[Image:Reagan and Buckley.jpg|left|thumb|250px|President Reagan meets with Conservative icon [[William F. Buckley]]]]
Since Reagan's passing and even prior to it, there has been a concerted effort by [[RINOs]] to make him seem less conservative than he was during his life. There have been plenty of former democrats who switched parties and became Republicans, but few of them spent as much time helping to build the '''conservative movement''' over the decades, as well as keeping the legacy of the [[Founding Fathers]] alive.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2016/04/04/juan-williams-ronald-reagan-loved-founding-fathers.html?intcmp=obinsite Juan Williams: Ronald Reagan loved the Founding Fathers], [[Fox News]]</ref> Prior to the era of the [[Tea Party Movement]], conservative efforts and organizations have come and gone, many of which Reagan stood side by side with. The ''Town Meeting for Freedom'', which sometimes led to accusations of him being a "Bircher";<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=iuaeEX-1yKgC&pg=PA124 The Right Moment: Ronald Reagan's First Victory and the Decisive Turning]</ref> he was a member of ''Project Prayer'', which rallied after the [[Supreme Court]] banned prayer in public schools;<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=7IBuD1fC_tkC&dq=%22project+prayer%22 Ronald Reagan], by George Sullivan</ref> he appeared at rallies for groups like ''Project Alert'' and the ''Christian Anti-Communist Crusade'';<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=-nnsCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT23 Selling Ronald Reagan: The Emergence of a President]</ref> he joined the board of YAF, the [[Young Americans for Freedom]](which later became the [[Young America's Foundation]])<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=fPWPDH-0TZYC&pg=PA67 Reagan's Revolution: The Untold Story of the Campaign That Started It All]</ref> and helped make it a successful organization; and he was open for years about his love for the conservative publication [[Human Events]],<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=C1kvsToagGEC&pg=PA24 President Reagan: The Triumph of Imagination]</ref> which helped to increase its prominence. During the 1970s, Reagan helped transform the [[National Rifle Association]] into what it is today, with Reagan being the first presidential candidate they had endorsed in their then 109-year history.<ref>[http://www.thenation.com/article/how-nra-became-organization-aspiring-vigilantes-part-2/ How the NRA Became an Organization for Aspiring Vigilantes], The [[Nation magazine]]</ref>

To listen to some pundits, journalists, and other political figures, you would think Reagan changed the letter D after his name into the letter R, made a few speeches here and there, and then washed his hands of it. Nothing could be further from the truth. He spent a lifetime in the trenches once he decided to become a conservative. He was all-in. Once Reagan became president, he was not afraid to champion conservative causes, nor talk about his faith and his belief in God. He frequently talked about the importance of religious faith to a free society.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2016/02/06/ronald-reagan-remembering-champion-religious-liberty-on-his-birthday.html Ronald Reagan: Remembering the champion of religious liberty on his birthday], [[Fox News]]</ref>

==Family==
[[File:Reagan Family.jpg|left|160px|thumb|Ronald and Nancy Reagan with Patti Davis, Ron, Maureen, and Michael Reagan, 1976.]]
On January 26, 1940, Reagan married actress Jane Wyman at The Wee Kirk o' the Heather chapel in Glendale, California.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1989-08-13/local/me-908_1_forest-lawn 'Till Death Do Us Part : A Wedding at a Cemetery Might Seem Macabre, but Forest Lawn's 2 Chapels Are Booked 6 Months Ahead], [[Los Angeles Times]]</ref>

Wyman was an Oscar-winning actress for her role in the 1948 movie ''Johnny Belinda''. They had three children together: Maureen Elizabeth Reagan (1941-2001), who passed away from malignant [[melanoma]] within months of diagnosis, at age 60; [[Michael Reagan|Michael Edward Reagan]] (b. 1945-),<ref>Michael Reagan is the adopted son of Wyman and Reagan. See conservapedia.com: "[[Michael Reagan]]"</ref> and Christine Reagan (June 26 & 27, 1947). She was born prematurely and survived only one day. The baby's death traumatized Wyman. In 1948, Wyman (who married a total of four times) divorced Reagan in 1948. Ironically, Wyman was a Republican at the time while Reagan was a Democrat.

A year later, he met actress [[Nancy Davis]] (b. 1921). In 1952 they married at the Little Brown Church in Studio City, California.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2016/03/07/reagans-church-is-big-in-japan/ Reagan's Church in L.A. is 'Big in Japan']</ref> They remained married until his death in 2004. Together they had two children, Patricia "Patti" Ann Davis (b. 1952) and [[Ron P. Reagan|Ronald Prescott Reagan]] (b. 1958).

==Excellent sense of humor==
The opposite of many of today's politicians, Reagan had an excellent sense of humor<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BTIfGFJqLko</ref>. When he had almost been assassinated, he removed his oxygen mask and cracked a joke "I hope you're all Republicans".<ref>https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/i-hope-you-are-all-republicans-john-j-miller/</ref> Reagan also poked fun at his age multiple times, such as when he answered a question in a debate against Walter Mondale about his age his response included the words "I am not going to exploit for political purposes my opponent's youth and inexperience".<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fJhCjMfRndk</ref> The one-liner was so humorous and clever that even Mondale genuinely laughed at it. In addition, Reagan had also once wistfully remarked that the "nine most terrifying words in the English language are 'I'm from the government and I'm here to help'"<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhYJS80MgYA</ref>
==Miscellaneous Facts==
*Reagan was the first president to break the so-called "Curse of Tippecanoe," i.e., the first president elected in a twenty-year cycle who did not die in office (although an attempt was made on his life in 1981).
*At 69, Reagan was the oldest man elected to the presidency for a first term.
*Reagan loved [[jelly bean]]s.<ref>[https://reaganlibrary.archives.gov/archives/reference/jellybellies.html JELLY BELLY JELLY BEANS AND RONALD REAGAN]</ref> The blueberry flavor was made in his honor. [[Jelly Belly]] even created a Ronald Reagan [[portraits|portrait]] out of jelly beans.<ref>[https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2146733/Art-thats-good-eat-Incredible-jelly-bean-portraits-use-10-000-sweets.html Art that’s good enough to eat: Incredible jelly bean portraits that each use more than 10,000 sweets]</ref>
*After his death, some of his closest supporters wished to put him on the $10 bill.<ref>[https://money.cnn.com/2004/06/08/news/economy/reagan_hamilton/index.htm Reagan the new face of the $10 bill?], [[CNN]]</ref>
*Reagan played college football player [[George Gipp]] in the film ''Knute Rockne: All American'' (1940), and was affectionately known as "The Gipper" ever since.<ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/208420/taxing-experience A Taxing Experience], [[National Review]]</ref>
*Reagan signed Proclamation 5018 declaring 1983 the [[Year of the Bible]].
*The booth where Ronald proposed to Nancy from the restaurant ''Chasen's'' is on display at the Reagan Library.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/2003/oct/14/local/me-reagan14 Reagan Library to Roll Out Renovated Galleries, Exhibits]</ref>
*Reagan kept a small plaque on his desk with the words "There is no limit to what a man can do or where he can go if he does not mind who gets the credit".<ref>[https://www.reaganfoundation.org/ronald-reagan/the-presidency/reagan-the-man/ Reagan the Man], Reagan Foundation</ref>

== Quotes ==
{{main|Ronald Reagan Quotes}}

==See also==
* [[Ronald Reagan's First Inaugural Speech]]
* [[Ronald Reagan's 1980 Republican National Convention Speech]]
* [[Ronald Reagan's 1984 Republican National Convention Speech]]
* [[How Ronald Reagan won the Cold War]]
* [[Limited government]]
* [[Conservatives]] and [[Libertarians]]
* [[Encroaching Control: Keep Government Poor and Remain Free]]
* [[Ronald Reagan's speech on KAL 007#Text of the speech|Ronald Reagan's Speech on KAL 007]]
* [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]]
* [[U.S. Peace Council]]
* [[Reagan revolution]]
* [[Richard Clarke]]
* [[List of Conservative or pro-Conservative Hollywood stars]]
* [[Conservative media#Hollywood Conservatives|Hollywood conservatives]]
* [[Essay:List of celebrities who support the Second Amendment]]
* [[Loyal Davis]]
* [[Let Them Go Their Way]] - Reagan's speech to CPAC, 1975
* [[Ronald Reagan's Address to Young Americans for Freedom]], 1975
* [https://mises.org/library/sad-legacy-ronald-reagan-0 Libertarian criticism of Reagan concerning big government]
* [[Kate Smith]], whom Reagan honored with the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] in 1982

==Further reading==
see Bibliography for much more detailed guide.
* Berman, Larry, ed. ''Looking Back on the Reagan Presidency'' (1990), essays by academics
* Busch, Andrew E.; "Ronald Reagan and the Defeat of the Soviet Empire" in ''Presidential Studies Quarterly''. Vol: 27. Issue: 3. 1997. pp 451+. [http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst;jsessionid=HhHYNGdT18XmGxylZNJQhdSjrtry2j8zYD2pLstvcnSLFqC9JzvF!-313427117?docId=5000522864 online edition] by conservative
* Cannon, Lou. ''President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime '' Public Affairs. (2nd ed 2000) 948 pp. best full-length biography [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=88989671 online edition]
* Cannon, Lou. ''Governor Reagan: His Rise to Power'' detailed biography
* Flamm, Michael and John Ehrman. ''Debating the Reagan Presidency'' (2009), key issues explained; includes primary sources
* Berman William C. ''America's Right Turn: From Nixon to Bush.'' (1994).
* Brownlee, W. Elliot and Hugh Davis Graham, eds. ''The Reagan Presidency: Pragmatic Conservatism and Its Legacies'' (2003)
* Campagna; Anthony S. ''The Economy in the Reagan Years: The Economic Consequences of the Reagan Administrations'' Greenwood Press. 1994 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=28144725 online edition], by conservative
* Cannon, Lou. ''Ronald Reagan: The Presidential Portfolio''. (2001) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=101553874 online edition]
* Ehrman, John. ''The Eighties: America in the Age of Reagan.'' (2005), by conservative historian
* Griscom Tom. "Core Ideas of the Reagan Presidency." In Thompson, ed., ''Leadership,'' 23–48.
* Hayward, Steven F. ''The Age of Reagan, 1964-1980: The Fall of the Old Liberal Order'' (2001)
* Hayward, Steven F. ''The Age of Reagan: The Conservative Counterrevolution: 1980-1989'' (2009) [https://www.amazon.com/Age-Reagan-Conservative-Counterrevolution-1980-1989/dp/1400053579/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1258861343&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Hulten Charles R. and Isabel V. Sawhill, eds. ''The Legacy of Reaganomics: Prospects for Long-Term Growth.'' (1994).
* Jones, Charles O. ed. ''The Reagan Legacy: Promise and Performance'' (1988) essays by political scientists
* [http://www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/si/2004/aug/knopfAUG04.asp Jeffrey W. Knopf, "Did Reagan Win the Cold War?"] ''Strategic Insights'', Volume III, Issue 8 (August 2004)
* Kyvig, David. ed. ''Reagan and the World'' (1990), scholarly essays on foreign policy
* Langston, Thomas S. "Reassessing the Reagan Presidency," ''Presidential Studies Quarterly,'' Vol. 34, 2004 [http://www.questia.com/read/5006516145?title=Reassessing%20the%20Reagan%20Presidency online edition]
* Levy, Peter B. ''Encyclopedia of the Reagan-Bush Years'' (1996), short articles [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=77341841 online edition]
* Matlock, Jack. ''Reagan and Gorbachev: How the Cold War Ended.'' (2004) by the conservative US ambassador to Moscow
* Pach, Chester. "The Reagan Doctrine: Principle, Pragmatism, and Policy." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly''(1): 75–88. Fulltext in SwetsWise and Ingenta; Reagan declared in 1985 that the U.S. should not "break faith" with [[anti-Communist]] resistance groups. However, his policies varied as differences in local conditions and US security interests produced divergent policies toward "freedom fighters" in Afghanistan, Nicaragua, Mozambique, Angola, and Cambodia.
* Patterson, James T. ''Restless Giant: The United States from Watergate to Bush vs. Gore.'' (2005), standard scholarly synthesis of the era
* Pemberton, William E. ''Exit with Honor: The Life and Presidency of Ronald Reagan'' (1998) short, favorable biography by historian [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=49534236 online edition]
* Reagan Ronald. ''An American Life.'' (1990). his second autobiography
* Reeves, Richard. ''President Reagan: The Triumph of Imagination'' (2005) detailed analysis by historian
* Sullivan, George.''Mr. President'' (1997). for middle schools
* Schmertz, Eric J. et al. eds. ''Ronald Reagan's America'' 2 Volumes (1997) articles by scholars and officeholders [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=15343830 vol 1 online][http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=28729700 vol 2 online]
* Schweizer, Peter. ''Reagan's War: The Epic Story of His Forty Year Struggle and Final Triumph Over Communism'' (2002), by conservative
* Thomas, Tony. ''The Films of Ronald Reagan'' (1980)
* Troy, Gill. ''Morning in America: How Ronald Reagan Invented the 1980s'' (2004). Study of Reagan's image.
* Troy, Gill. ''The Reagan Revolution: A Very Short Introduction'' (2009) [https://www.amazon.com/Reagan-Revolution-Short-Introduction-Introductions/dp/0195317106/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1258861138&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Wilentz, Sean. ''The Age of Reagan: A History, 1974-2008'' (2008), major narrative history by liberal historian who says Reagan transformed America

==Detailed Bibliography==
===Biographies===
* Benze, Jr. James G. ''Nancy Reagan: On the White House Stage'' (2005), [https://www.amazon.com/Nancy-Reagan-White-Modern-Ladies/dp/070061401X/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317375&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Benze James G. "Nancy Reagan: China Doll or Dragon Lady?" ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 20 (fall 1990): 777-90
* Cannon, Lou. ''President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime '' Public Affairs. (2nd ed 2000) 948 pp. full-length biography [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=88989671 online edition]
* Diggins, John. ''Ronald Reagan‎'' (2008), 528 pages, by leading conservative historian.
* D'Souza, Dinesh. ''Ronald Reagan: How an Ordinary Man Became an Extraordinary Leader'' (1999), popular. [https://www.amazon.com/Ronald-Reagan-Ordinary-Became-Extraordinary/dp/0684848236/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317303&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Evans, Thomas W. ''The Education of Ronald Reagan: The General Electric Years'' (2006) [https://www.amazon.com/Education-Ronald-Reagan-Conversion-Conservatism/dp/0231138601/ref=sr_1_5/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317183&sr=1-5 excerpt and text search]
* Morris, ''Edmund. Dutch: A Memoir of Ronald Reagan'' (1999), includes fictional material [https://www.amazon.com/Dutch-Memoir-Ronald-Edmund-Morris/dp/0375756450/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317223&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Pemberton, William E. ''Exit with Honor: The Life and Presidency of Ronald Reagan'' (1998) short biography by historian [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=49534236 online edition]
* Reeves, Richard. ''President Reagan: The Triumph of Imagination'' (2005) detailed analysis by historian
* Sullivan, George.''Mr. President'' (1997). for middle schools
* Sutcliffe, Jane. ''Ronald Reagan‎'' (2008) 48 pages; for elementary school; [https://books.google.com/books?id=_H_u21ebGcsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:reagan&lr=&as_drrb_is=b&as_minm_is=1&as_miny_is=2007&as_maxm_is=12&as_maxy_is=2009&num=30&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES excerpt and text search]

===Reagan before 1981===
* Brennan Mary C. ''Turning Right in the Sixties: The Conservative Capture of the GOP.'' University of North Carolina Press, 1995
* Burbank, Garin. "Governor Reagan and California Welfare Reform: the Grand Compromise of 1971." ''California History'' 1991 70(3): 278–289. Issn: 0162-2897
* Burbank, Garin. "Governor Reagan's Only Defeat: The Proposition 1 Campaign in 1973." ''California History'' 72 (winter 1993-94): 360–73.
* Burbank, Garin. "Speaker Moretti, Governor Reagan, and the Search for Tax Reform in California, 1970-1972" ''The Pacific Historical Review'' Vol. 61, No. 2 (May, 1992), pp. 193–214 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0030-8684%28199205%2961%3A2%3C193%3ASMGRAT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-E online in JSTOR]
* Cannon, Lou. ''Governor Reagan: His Rise to Power'' Public Affairs. detailed biography [https://www.amazon.com/Governor-Reagan-His-Rise-Power/dp/1586480308/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317275&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Dallek, Matthew. ''The Right Moment: Ronald Reagan's First Victory and the Decisive Turning Point in American Politics.'' (2004). Study of 1966 election as governor.
* DeGroot, Gerard J. "'A Goddamned Electable Person': the 1966 California Gubernatorial Campaign of Ronald Reagan." ''History'' 1997 82(267): 429–448. Issn: 0018-2648 Fulltext: in Swetswise, Ingenta and Ebsco
* DeGroot, Gerard J. "Ronald Reagan and Student Unrest in California, 1966-1970." ''Pacific Historical Review'' 1996 65(1): 107–129. Issn: 0030-8684 Fulltext: in Jstor
* Drew, Elizabeth. ''Portrait of an Election: The 1980 Presidential Campaign.'' (1981).
* Ferguson, Thomas and Joel Rogers, eds. ''The Hidden Election: Politics and Economics in the 1980 Presidential Campaign,'' 1981.
* Germond, Jack W. and Jules Witcover. ''Blue Smoke & Mirrors: How Reagan Won & Why Carter Lost the Election of 1980''. (1981). Detailed journalism.
* Hayward, Steven F. ''The Age of Reagan, 1964-1980: The Fall of the Old Liberal Order'' (2001)
* Hayward, Steven F. ''The Age of Reagan: The Conservative Counterrevolution: 1980-1989'' (2009) [https://www.amazon.com/Age-Reagan-Conservative-Counterrevolution-1980-1989/dp/1400053579/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1258861343&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Hamilton Gary G., and Nicole Woolsey Biggart. ''Governor Reagan, Governor Brown: A Sociology of executive Power.'' (1984).
* Moore, Glen. "Ronald W. Reagan's Campaign for the Republican Party's 1968 Presidential Nomination." ''Proceedings and Papers of the Georgia Association of Historians'' (1992) 12[i.e., 13]: 57–70. Issn: 0275-3863

===Politics and Domestic issues ===
* Aldrich, John H., and David W. Rohde. ''Change and Continuity in the 1984 Elections.'' (1987)
* Amaker Norman C. ''Civil Rights and the Reagan Administration.'' Urban Institute Press, 1988
* Berman, Larry, ed. ''Looking Back on the Reagan Presidency'' (1990), essays by academics
* Berman William C. ''America's Right Turn: From Nixon to Bush.'' Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.
* Birnbaum Jeffrey H., and Alan S. Murray. ''Showdown at Gucci Gulch: Lawmakers, Lobbyists, and the Unlikely Triumph of Tax Reform.'' 1987.
* Boskin Michael J. ''Reagan and the Economy: The Successes, Failures, and Unfinished Agenda.'' ICS Press, 1987.
* Brownlee, W. Elliot and Hugh Davis Graham, eds. ''The Reagan Presidency: Pragmatic Conservatism and Its Legacies'' (2003)
* Busch, Andrew E. ''Reagan's Victory: The Presidential Election of 1980 and the Rise of the Right,'' (2005) [http://www.claremont.org/publications/crb/id.1103/article_detail.asp online review by Michael Barone]
* Campagna; Anthony S. ''The Economy in the Reagan Years: The Economic Consequences of the Reagan Administrations'' Greenwood Press. 1994 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=28144725 online edition]
* Cannon, Lou. ''Ronald Reagan: The Presidential Portfolio''. Public Affairs. (2001) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=101553874 online edition]
* Cook, Daniel M. and Polsky, Andrew J. "Political Time Reconsidered: Unbuilding and Rebuilding the State under the Reagan Administration." ''American Politics Research''(4): 577–605. ISSN 1532-673X Fulltext in SwetsWise. Argues Reagan slowed enforcement of pollution laws and transformed the national education agenda.
* Derthick Martha, and Paul J. Quirk. ''The Politics of Deregulation.'' Brookings Institution, 1985
* Detlefsen, Robert R. ''Civil Rights under Reagan'' Institute for Contemporary Studies, 1991 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=85749844 online edition]
* Eads George C., and Michael Fix, eds. ''The Reagan Regulatory Strategy: An Assessment.'' Urban Institute Press, 1984
* Ehrman, John. ''The Eighties: America in the Age of Reagan.'' (2005)
* Evans Rowland, and Robert Novak. ''The Reagan Revolution.'' 1991.
* Ferguson Thomas, and Joel Rogers, ''Right Turn: The Decline of the Democrats and the Future of American Politics'' 1986.
* Germond Jack W., and Jules Witcover. ''Wake Us When It's Over: Presidential Politics of 1984.'' 1985.
* Marshall R. Goodman; ''Managing Regulatory Reform: The Reagan Strategy and Its Impact'' Praeger Publishers, 1987 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=43165555 online edition]
* Greider William. ''The Education of David Stockman and Other Americans.'' 1982. Stockman was Reagan's budget chief
* Griscom Tom. "Core Ideas of the Reagan Presidency." In Thompson, ed., ''Leadership,'' 23–48.
* Hulten Charles R. and Isabel V. Sawhill, eds. ''The Legacy of Reaganomics: Prospects for Long-Term Growth.'' C.: Urban Institute Press, 1994.
* Johnson, Haynes. ''Sleepwalking through History: America in the Reagan Years'' (1991) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=104836392 online edition]
* Jones, Charles O. ed. ''The Reagan Legacy: Promise and Performance'' (1988) essays by political scientists
* Karier, Thomas. ''Great Experiments in American Economic Policy: From Kennedy to Reagan'' (1997) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=15083874 online edition]
* Laham, Nicholas. ''The Reagan Presidency and the Politics of Race: In Pursuit of Colorblind Justice and Limited Government'' 1998. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=14220230 online edition]
* Levy, Peter B. ''Encyclopedia of the Reagan-Bush Years'' (1996), short articles [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=77341841 online edition]
* Minarik Joseph J. ''Making America's Budget Policy. From the 1980s to the 1990s.'' M. E. Sharpe, 1990.
* Palmer, John L., and Isabel V. Sawhill. ''The Reagan Record,'' 1984. economics and sociology
* Patterson, James T. ''Restless Giant: The United States from Watergate to Bush vs. Gore.'' (2005), standard scholarly synthesis.
* Rayack; Elton. ''Not So Free to Choose: The Political Economy of Milton Friedman and Ronald Reagan'' (1987) hostile critique [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=24670801 online edition]
* Sahu, Anandi P. and Ronald L. Tracy; ''The Economic Legacy of the Reagan Years: Euphoria or Chaos?'' Praeger Publishers, 1991 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=59361760 online edition]
* Salamon Lester M., and Michael S. Lund. eds. ''The Reagan Presidency and the Governing of America'' 1985. articles by political scientists
* Schmertz, Eric J. et al. eds. ''Ronald Reagan's America'' 2 Volumes (1997) articles by scholars and officeholders [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=15343830 vol 1 online][http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=28729700 vol 2 online]
* Shirley, Craig. ''Reagan's Revolution: The Untold Story of the Campaign That Started It All'' (2005) on 1976 campaign; [https://www.amazon.com/Reagans-Revolution-Untold-Campaign-Started/dp/0785260498/ref=pd_cp_b_1?pf_rd_p=413864201&pf_rd_s=center-41&pf_rd_t=201&pf_rd_i=0700614087&pf_rd_m=ATVPDKIKX0DER&pf_rd_r=0SWJK392VVCTPEDPDKJE excerpt and text search]
* Weatherford, M. Stephen and Mcdonnell, Lorraine M. "Ronald Reagan as Legislative Advocate: Passing the Reagan Revolution's Budgets in 1981 and 1982." ''Congress & the Presidency'' (2005) 32:1 pp 1–29. Fulltext in Ebsco; Argues RR ignored the details but played a guiding role in setting major policies and adjudicating significant trade-offs, and in securing Congressional approval.

===Foreign affairs===
* Arnson, Cynthia J. ''Crossroads: Congress, the Reagan Administration, and Central America'' Pantheon, 1989.
* Baucom Donald R. ''The Origins of SDI, 1944-1983.'' University Press of Kansas, 1992.
* Bell Coral. ''The Reagan Paradox: American Foreign Policy in the 1980s.'' Rutgers University Press, 1989.
* Beschloss Michael R., and Strobe Talbott. ''At the Highest Levels: The Inside Story of the End of the Cold War.'' 1993
* Busch, Andrew E.; "Ronald Reagan and the Defeat of the Soviet Empire" in ''Presidential Studies Quarterly''. Vol: 27. Issue: 3. 1997. pp 451+.
* Dobson, Alan P. "The Reagan Administration, Economic Warfare, and Starting to Close down the Cold War." ''Diplomatic History''(3): 531–556. Fulltext in SwetsWise, Ingenta and Ebsco. Argues Reagan's public rhetoric against the USSR was harsh and uncompromising, giving rise to the idea that his administration sought to employ a US defense buildup and NATO economic sanctions to bring about the collapse of the USSR. Yet many statements by Reagan and Shultz suggest they desired negotiation with the Soviets from a position of American strength, not the eventual demise of the USSR.
* Draper, Theodore. '' A Very Thin Line: The Iran-Contra Affair'' (1991)
* Fitzgerald, Frances. ''Way Out There in the Blue: Reagan, Star Wars and the End of the Cold War''. political history of S.D.I. (2000). ISBN.
* Ford, Christopher A. and Rosenberg, David A. "The Naval Intelligence Underpinnings of Reagan's Maritime Strategy." ''Journal of Strategic Studies''(2): 379–409. Fulltext in Ingenta and Ebsco; Reagan's maritime strategy sought to apply US naval might against Soviet vulnerabilities on its maritime flanks. It was supported by a major buildup of US naval forces and aggressive exercising in seas proximate to the USSR; it explicitly targeted Moscow's strategic missile submarines with the aim of pressuring the Kremlin during crises or the early phases of global war. The maritime strategy represents one of the rare instances in history when intelligence helped lead a nation to completely revise its concept of military operations.
* Garthoff, Raymond L. ''The Great Transition: American-Soviet Relations and the End of the Cold War'' (1994), detailed narrative by a hostile critic [http://www.questia.com/read/29069917?title=The%20Great%20Transition%3a%20American-Soviet%20Relations%20and%20the%20End%20of%20the%20Cold%20War online edition]
* Haftendorn, Helga and Jakob Schissler, eds. ''The Reagan Administration: A Reconstruction of American Strength?'' Berlin: Walter de Guyer, 1988. by European scholars
* Hall, David Locke. ''The Reagan Wars: A Constitutional Perspective on War Powers and the Presidency'' Westview Press, 1991 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=87551275 online edition]
* [http://www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/si/2004/aug/knopfAUG04.asp Jeffrey W. Knopf, "Did Reagan Win the Cold War?"] ''Strategic Insights'', Volume III, Issue 8 (August 2004)
* Kyvig, David. ed. ''Reagan and the World'' (1990), scholarly essays on foreign policy
* Lagon, Mark P. ''The Reagan Doctrine: Sources of American Conduct in the Cold War's Last Chapter'' (1994) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=9161896 online edition]
* LeoGrande, William M. ''Our Own Backyard: The United States in Central America, 1977-1992'' (1998)
* Matlock, Jack. ''Reagan and Gorbachev: How the Cold War Ended.'' (2004) by the US ambassador to Moscow [https://www.amazon.com/Reagan-Gorbachev-How-Cold-Ended/dp/0679463232/ref=sr_1_2/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194316986&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]
* Pach, Chester. "The Reagan Doctrine: Principle, Pragmatism, and Policy." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 2006 36(1): 75–88. Issn: 0360-4918 [http://www.questia.com/read/5015817882?title=The%20Reagan%20Doctrine%3a%20Principle%2c%20Pragmatism%2c%20and%20Policy online edition]
* Salla, Michael E. and Ralph Summy, eds. ''Why the Cold War Ended: A Range of Interpretations'' (1995). [http://www.questia.com/read/22889072 online edition]
* Schmertz, Eric J. et al. eds. ''Ronald Reagan and the World'' (1997) articles by scholars and officeholders
* Shultz, George P. ''Turmoil and Triumph My Years As Secretary of State'' (1993)
* Schweizer, Peter. ''Reagan's War: The Epic Story of His Forty Year Struggle and Final Triumph Over Communism'' (2002)
* Suri, Jeremi. "Explaining the End of the Cold War: A New Historical Consensus?" ''Journal of Cold War Studies'' - Volume 4, Number 4, Fall 2002, pp. 60–92 in [[Project Muse]]
* Thomas W. Walker; ''Reagan Versus the Sandinistas: The Undeclared War on Nicaragua'' (1987) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=65710540 online edition]
* Wallison, Peter J. ''Ronald Reagan: The Power of Conviction and the Success of His Presidency.'' (2003). 282 pp.
* Wapshott, Nicholas. '' Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher: a political marriage‎'' (2007) 336 pages [https://books.google.com/books?id=5HOuTL508F0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:reagan&lr=&as_drrb_is=b&as_minm_is=1&as_miny_is=2007&as_maxm_is=12&as_maxy_is=2009&num=30&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES excerpt and text search]
* Wills, David C. ''The First War on Terrorism: Counter-Terrorism Policy during the Reagan Administration.'' 2004.

===Rhetoric, media and values===
* Aden, R. C. "Entrapment and Escape: Inventional Metaphors in Ronald Reagan's Economic Rhetoric." ''Southern Communication Journal'' 54 (1989): 384-401
* Dallek, Robert. ''Ronald Reagan: The Politics of Symbolism.'' (1999)
* Denton Jr., Robert E. ''Primetime Presidency of Ronald Reagan: The Era of the Television Presidency'' (1988) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=23088126 online edition]
* Diggins, John Patrick. ''Ronald Reagan: Fate, Freedom, and the Making of History'' (2007) Reagan as follower of Emerson, by leading historian of ideas
* Jane Feuer; Seeing through the Eighties: Television and Reaganism'' Duke University Press, 1995 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=98148093 online edition]
* FitzWater, Marlin . ''Call the Briefing! Bush and Reagan, Sam and Helen, a Decade with Presidents and the Press''. 1995. Memoir by Reagan's press spokesman.
* Goodnight, G. Thomas. "Ronald Reagan's Re-formulation of the Rhetoric of War: Analysis of the 'Zero Option,' 'Evil Empire,' and 'Star Wars' Addresses." ''Quarterly Journal of Speech'' 72 (1986): 390–414.
* Greffenius, Steven. ''The Last Jeffersonian: Ronald Reagan's Dreams of America''. June, July, & August Books. 2002.
* Hertsgaard, Mark. ''On Bended Knee: The Press and the Reagan Presidency'' 1988. criticizes the press
* Hoeveler, J. David. ''Watch on the Right: Conservative Intellectuals in the Reagan Era.'' University of Wisconsin Press, 1991.
* Houck, Davis, and Amos Kiewe, eds. ''Actor, Ideologue, Politician: The Public Speeches of Ronald Reagan'' (Greenwood Press, 1993) [http://www.questia.com/SM.qst?act=adv&contributors=Davis W. Houck&dcontributors=Davis+W.+Houck online edition]
* Jones, John M. "'Until Next Week': The Saturday Radio Addresses of Ronald Reagan" ''Presidential Studies Quarterly.'' Volume: 32. Issue: 1. 2002. pp 84+.
* Kengor, Paul. ''God and Ronald Reagan: A Spiritual Life'' Regan Books, 2004. ISBN.
* Kiewe, Amos, and Davis W. Houck. ''A Shining City on a Hill: Ronald Reagan's Economic Rhetoric, 1951-1989.'' 1991.
* Lewis, William F. "Telling America's Story: Narrative Form and the Reagan Presidency", ''Quarterly Journal of Speech'': 280–302
* Longley, Kyle, Jeremy D. Mayer, Michael Schaller, and John W. Sloan. ''Deconstructing Reagan: Conservative Mythology and America’s Fortieth President,'' (M.E. Sharpe, 2007. xviii, 150 pp. isbn 978-0-7656-1591-6.)
* Meyer, John C. "Ronald Reagan and Humor: A Politician's Velvet Weapon", ''Communication Studies'' 41 (1990): 76–88.
* Moore, Mark P. "Reagan's Quest for Freedom in the 1987 State of the Union Address." ''Western Journal of Communication'' 53 (1989): 52–65.
* Muir, William Ker. ''The Bully Pulpit: The Presidential Leadership of Ronald Reagan'' (1992), examines his speeches
* Noonan, Peggy. ''When Character Was King: A Story of Ronald Reagan'' (2001) memoir by a Reagan speechwriter
* Ormanm John. ''Comparing Presidential Behavior: Carter, Reagan, and the Macho Presidential Style'' Greenwood Press, 1987 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=15388519 online edition]
* Ritter, Kurt W. ''Ronald Reagan: The Great Communicator.'' Greenwood, 1992. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=29047567 online edition]
* Shogan, Colleen J. "Coolidge and Reagan: The Rhetorical Influence of Silent Cal on the Great Communicator", ''Rhetoric & Public Affairs'' 9.2 online at Project Muse; argues that Coolidge and Reagan shared a common ideological message, which served as the basis for modern conservatism. Even without engaging in explicitly partisan rhetoric, Reagan's principled speech served an important party-building function.
* Stuckey, Mary. ''Getting Into the Game: The Pre-Presidential Rhetoric of Ronald Reagan.'' Praeger, 1989
* Stuckey, Mary. ''Playing the Game: The Presidential Rhetoric of Ronald Reagan.'' Praeger, 1990. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=24414026 online edition]
* Thomas, Tony. ''The Films of Ronald Reagan'' (1980)
* Troy, Gill. ''Morning in America: How Ronald Reagan Invented the 1980s'' (2004). Study of Reagan's image.
* Michael Weiler and W. Barnett Pearce; ''Reagan and Public Discourse in America'' University of Alabama Press, 1992 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=59353372 online edition]
* Wills, Garry. ''Reagan's America: Innocents at Home''. (1987)

===Primary sources===
* [http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publications/ERP/ Council of Economic Advisors, ''Economic Report of the President'' (annual 1947- )], complete series online; important analysis of current trends and policies, plus statistcial tables
* Reagan Ronald, and Richard G. Hubler. ''Where's the Rest of Me?'' (1965). first autobiography
* Reagan Ronald. ''An American Life.'' (1990). second autobiography [https://www.amazon.com/American-Life-Ronald-Reagan/dp/0743400259/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317128&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Reagan Ronald. ''The Creative Society: Some Comments on Problems Facing America.'' 1968.
* Reagan Ronald. ''Abortion and the Conscience of the Nation.'' 1984.
* Reagan Ronald. ''Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Ronald Reagan. 1981-1989.'' 8 vols. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1982–91.
* Reagan, Ronald. ''[[Reagan, In His Own Hand]]: The Writings of Ronald Reagan That Reveal His Revolutionary Vision for America'' (2001) [https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0743219384/ref=sib_dp_pt/103-4827826-5463040#reader-link excerpt and text search]
* Reagan, Ronald. ''The Reagan Diaries: Extended Selections‎'' ed. by Douglas Brinkley (2007)
* Skinner, Kiron K. et al., eds. ''Reagan's Path to Victory: The Shaping of Ronald Reagan's Vision: Selected Writings'' (2004), 450 radio talks from late 1970s

====Primary sources by Reagan associates====
* Anderson, Martin. ''Revolution: The Reagan Legacy'' (1990)
* Haig, Alexander. ''Inner Circles: How America Changed the World'' (1994). Haig was Secretary of State 1981-82
* Deaver, Michael, and Mickey Herskowitz. ''Behind the Scenes''. 1987. Memoir by a top aide.
* Meese Edwin. ''With Reagan: The Inside Story.'' Regnery Gateway, 1992.
* Niskanen William A. ''Reaganomics: An Insider's Account of the Policies and the People.'' Oxford University Press, 1988.
* Reagan, Nancy. ''My Turn: The Memoirs of Nancy Reagan'' (1989)
* Reagan Maureen. ''First Father, First Daughter: A Memoir.'' 1989.
* Reagan Michael and Joe Hyams. ''On the Outside Looking In.'' 1988.
* Regan Donald T. ''For the Record. From Wall Street to Washington.'' 1988; Treasury Secretary and Chief of Staff
* Shultz, George P. ''Turmoil and Triumph My Years As Secretary of State'' (1993) Schulz was Secretary of State 1982-89
* Stahl, Lesley. "Reporting Live" (1999) memoir by TV news reporter
* Stockman David A. ''The Triumph of Politics: How the Reagan Revolution Failed.'' 1986. Stockman was Budget Director in 1981-82
* Thompson Kenneth W., ed. ''Foreign Policy in the Reagan Presidency: Nine Intimate Perspectives.'' University Press of America, 1993.
* Thompson Kenneth W., ed. ''Leadership in the Reagan Presidency: Seven Intimate Perspectives.'' 1992.
* Thompson Kenneth W., ed. ''Leadership in the Reagan Presidency, Part II: Eleven Intimate Perspectives.'' University Press of America, 1993.
* Weinberger, Caspar. ''In the Arena: A Memoir of the 20th Century'' (1991), by the Defense Secretary

===Government documents===
* Council of Economic Advisors. ''Economic Report of the President,'' (annual, 1981-1988), detailed analysis of economic issues
* U.S. Census Bureau, ''Statistical Abstract of the United States'' annual compilation of over 1000 tables of data.

===Other===
* Schweikart, Larry, ''[https://www.amazon.com/Reagan-American-President-Larry-Schweikart/dp/1642930822/ Reagan: The American President]'' (2019; [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/05/07/ronald-reagan-larry-schweikart/ review]).

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
*[https://reaganlibrary.archives.gov/archives/photographs/history.html Historical Photographs], from the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum
*[https://reaganlibrary.gov/major-speeches-index Ronald Reagan's Major Speeches, 1964-89]
*[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1101040614-646317,00.html Time Magazine Article on ''The All-American President'']
*[https://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/rr40.html White House Official Page]
*[http://www.simonsays.com/content/book.cfm?tab=1&pid=537924&agid=2 The Passing of a Conservative] - by Alfred Regnery
*[http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/ Reagan's Presidential Library]
*[http://imdb.com/name/nm0001654/ Actor Bio At IMDB]
*[http://www.ronaldreaganmemorial.com/ Official Memorial]
*[http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Ronald_Reagan Quotations by Ronald Reagan]
*[http://reagan2020.us/ Reagan 2020] Reagan 2020 is the Internet's most comprehensive resource on Ronald Reagan.
*[http://www.acuf.org/principles/p_philos.asp "Our Philosophy of Government"] Speech by President Ronald Reagan, March 2, 1981
*[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/211049/abortion-and-conscience-nation-nro-primary-document Abortion and the Conscience of the Nation] While president, Ronald Reagan penned this article for The Human Life Review, unsolicited.
* [https://librivox.org/author/11305 Works by Ronald Reagan - text and free audio] - [[LibriVox]]
*[http://davekopel.org/Misc/OpEds/Ronald-Reagan-extremist-collaborator.html Ronald Reagan, Extremist Collaborator], by Dave Kopel
*Hawkins, Awr (April 25, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/04/25/ronald-reagan-seek-inflict-harm-not-fazed-gun-control-laws/ Ronald Reagan: ‘Those Who Seek to Inflict Harm Are Not Fazed by Gun Control Laws’]. ''Breitbart News''.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reagan, Ronald Wilson}}
{{USPresidents}}
{{Conservatism}}

[[Category:Reagan Era]]
[[Category:Featured articles]]
[[Category:California Governors]]
[[Category:Republican Governors]]
[[Category
[[Category:Cold War]]
[[Category:United States History]]
[[Category:New Deal]]
[[Category:Actors]]
[[Category:Conservatives]]
[[Category:Libertarians]]
[[Category:Labor Union Leaders]]
[[Category:Fiscal Conservatives]]
[[Category:Tax Revolts]]
[[Category:Former Liberals]]
[[Category:Irish-Americans]]
[[Category:Republicans]]
[[Category:Former Democrats]]
[[Category:Former Governors]]
[[Category:Anti-Communism]]
[[Category:Pro Second Amendment]]
[[Category:Southern California]]
[[Category:California]]
[[Category:Hollywood]]
[[Category:Patriots]]
[[Category:Conservative Authors]]
[[Category:Libertarian Authors]]
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]
[[Category:Liberal Conservatism]]
[[Category:Best Selling Authors]]
[[Category:DINOs]]
[[Category:Former Democrats]]
[[Category:California]]
[[Category:Illinois]]
[[Category:Capitalists]]
[[Category:Anti-establishment]]
[[Category:Populists]]
[[Category:Ronald Reagan]]
[[Category:The 100 Americans The Left Hates Most]]

Ronald Wilson Reagan

2021-09-12T01:55:51Z

Aidanram0: Expanded on the "sense of humor" section

{{Officeholder
|name=Ronald Wilson Reagan
|image=Ronald-reagan by kinstler.jpg
|party=[[Republican]] (formerly [[Democrat]])
|spouse= Jane Wyman [[Nancy Davis Reagan]]
|religion=[[Presbyterian]]
|offices=
{{Officeholder/president
|country=the United States
|number=40th
|terms=January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989
|vp=[[George H. W. Bush]]
|preceded=[[Jimmy Carter]]
|former=y
|succeeded=[[George H. W. Bush]]
}}
{{Officeholder/governor
|number=33rd
|state=California
|terms=January 2, 1967 – January 6, 1975
|preceded=[[Pat Brown|Edmund G. "Pat" Brown, Sr.]]
|former=y
|succeeded=[[Jerry Brown|Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown, Jr.]]
}}
|military=y
|allegiance=United States
|branch=Army Reserve, Air Force
|serviceyears=1937-1946
|rank=Captain
}}
'''Ronald Wilson Reagan''' (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) served as the 40th [[President of the United States of America]] from 1981 to 1989. He was the 33rd Governor of [[California]] (1967–1975), following a successful career in film and television. He has been widely recognized as one of the greatest American Presidents and an important part of the conservative movement from the late 1970s to the present. His victorious presidential debate with Jimmy Carter a week before the 1980 presidential election was the most-watched presidential debate in history until [[Donald Trump]]'s first debate with [[Hillary Clinton]] in 2016.

Reagan was a [[movement conservative]] who succeeded in moving the nation to the right in terms of reducing federal regulation and lowering taxes. He promoted individual liberty and the conviction that government was the problem and private enterprise the solution. He cut taxes but despite his proposals, spending and the federal deficit went up. After a short sharp recession early in his first term, the economy was strong by 1984. Proclaiming "It's Morning Again in America", Reagan carried 49 of 50 states to win reelection. He moved the [[Supreme Court]] and the federal courts to the right with his appointments.

Reagan's [[Supply-side economics|supply-side economic]] policies were based on the [[libertarian]] ideas of [[Milton Friedman]] and the [[Chicago School of Economics]]. "Reaganomics" was based on the idea that tax cuts will spur savings and investment. Reagan was strongly opposed to the concept of [[Big government]], advocating a reduction in the size and budget of the federal government. During his terms in office, he faced a divided Congress split between Republican and Democratic control for six of his eight years as president. Reagan was known for forging alliances with "[[Conservative Coalition|boll weevil]]" (conservative) Democrats to overcome the apparent majority led by Democratic Speaker [[Tip O'Neill]].

In foreign affairs, Reagan rejected ''détente'' with the [[Soviet Union]], but not with [[China]]. His massive defense buildup forced the Soviets to confront their crumbling financial base. He rejected the legitimacy of Communism and in the [[Reagan Doctrine]] systematically challenged and eventually destroyed Soviet strength in the Third World. After 1986 the new leadership of [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] who tried desperately to rescue Communism by cutting its losses; they came to terms with Reagan; the Communist empire collapsed in 1989 a few months after Reagan left office, and Communism was abolished (and Gorbachev repudiated) by Russia in 1991. Reagan is thus credited with achieving victory in the Cold War.<ref>Knopf (2004)</ref><ref>Multiple references:
*Pinkerton, James P. (November 10, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2019/11/10/pinkerton-thirty-years-after-fall-wall-lets-recall-ronald-reagan-man-who-called-it/ Pinkerton: Thirty Years After the Fall of the Wall, Let’s Recall Ronald Reagan, the Man Who Called It]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
*Akan, Emel (November 20, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/lessons-from-reagans-epochal-battle-against-communism_3152456.html Reagan’s Epochal Battle Against Communism Offers Lessons]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
*Edards, Lee (December 26, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/national-security/474669-how-ronald-reagan-won-the-cold-war How Ronald Reagan won the Cold War]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 26, 2019.</ref>

Always distrustful of nuclear weapons, Reagan initiated [[missile defense]] (SDI), a space-based system to defend against nuclear missiles. The inability of the Soviet Union to match this new technological breakthrough forced it to agree to Reagan's terms for ending the Cold War. In leading the rollback of Communism in Europe, he battled powerful liberal forces that called instead for détente (peaceful relations) with Communism. As the Soviet system faltered and Gorbachev accepted Reagan's terms, ensured an unprecedented level of nuclear disarmament. His signature phrase in dealing with Communists was "trust, but verify."

In his most famous challenges to Communism, Reagan went to the Brandenburg Gate and gave the Soviets the American terms for ending the Cold War: "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!" The Soviets were forced to agree, and watched their empire collapse overnight in late 1989, a few months after Reagan was succeeded as president by his Vice President [[George H.W. Bush]]. At the closing of his presidency, Reagan compared America to that "[[Shining city upon a hill]]", a beacon of Liberty for all who still live in the darkness of totalitarian rule.<ref>[https://dailycaller.com/2011/02/04/reagan-shining-city-hill/ Reagan saw the shining city on the hill], [[Daily Caller]]</ref>

As a great communicator, and leader of the Republican party, he added a new base of "Reagan Democrats" (blue-collar workers who were social conservatives), religious [[evangelical]]s, and [[neoconservative]]s; his success became the model for Republicans into the 21st century.

By all accounts, including by many of his adversaries, Reagan was a highly intelligent individual with an excellent sense of humor. He also contributed many new well-thought-through [[insight]]s to the general public that were not previously available.<ref>Tear Down This Wall, Laffer Curve, etc. See [[conservative insights]]</ref>
[[File:Reagan's signature.jpg|Right|285px|thumb|Ronald Reagan's signature]]
[[File:Reagan-at-durenberger-rally.jpg|Right|500px|thumb|Ronaldus Magnus]]

== Reagan's Conservatism ==
In a speech, immediately after assuming the presidency in 1981, he outlined his philosophy. After listing "intellectual leaders like [[Russell Kirk]], [[Friedrich Hayek]], [[Henry Hazlitt]], [[Milton Friedman]], [[James Burnham]], [[Ludwig von Mises]]" as the ones who "shaped so much of our thoughts," he discussed only one of these influences at length:

*It's especially hard to believe that it was only a decade ago, on a cold April day on a small hill in upstate New York, that another of these great thinkers, [[Frank Meyer]], was buried. He'd made the awful journey that so many others had: He pulled himself from the clutches of "The [communist] God That Failed,'' and then in his writing fashioned a vigorous new synthesis of traditional and libertarian thought -- a synthesis that is today recognized by many as modern conservatism.

*It was [[Frank Meyer]] who reminded us that the robust individualism of the American experience was part of the deeper current of Western learning and culture. He pointed out that a respect for law, an appreciation for tradition, and regard for the social consensus that gives stability to our public and private institutions, these civilized ideas must still motivate us even as we seek a new economic prosperity based on reducing government interference in the marketplace.

*Our goals complement each other. We're not cutting the budget simply for the sake of sounder financial management. This is only a first step toward returning power to the States and communities, only a first step toward reordering the relationship between citizen and government. We can make government again responsive to the people by cutting its size and scope and thereby ensuring that its legitimate functions are performed efficiently and justly.<ref>[http://acuf.org/issues/issue13/040606news.asp Ronald Reagan's Conservative Legacy, ACUF]</ref> Reagan rose to power speaking of [[Traditional values]] such as hard work, faith, family, God and patriotism (ideas that liberals call "racist"). Reagan strongly opposed progressive taxation, redistribution of wealth, the welfare state, and nationalization.

Political analyst Henry Olsen argues in ''The Working Class Republican'' that Reagan's political views were more closely aligned with [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] than typically thought, and that Reagan was more of a traditional blue-collar, working-class conservative than a libertarian.<ref>Olsen, Henry (2017). ''The Working Class Republican''. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 9780062475268.</ref><ref>Hayward, John (November 1, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/radio/2017/11/01/henry-olsen-reagan-trump-blue-collar-coalitions-mirror-images/ Henry Olsen: Reagan and Trump Blue-Collar Coalitions Are ‘Mirror Images of Each Other’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 3, 2017.</ref>

==Early life==
[[File:Ronald Reagan Young Boy.jpg|left|160px|thumb|Jack Reagan, Neil, Ronald, and his mother Nelle (from left to right) Photograph circa 1916–17.]]
Reagan was born in [[Tampico, Illinois]], the second son of John (Jack) Edward and Nelle Wilson Reagan. The family finally settled in Dixon, Illinois in 1920 after years of moving from town to town. Jack Reagan nicknamed his younger son “Dutch", claiming he looked like “a fat little Dutchman.”<ref>[http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/facts.html Ronald Reagan Facts]: Physical Description, Favorites, Dislikes, Firsts in Life, Nickname, and Religion</ref> Reagan's father was a working-class Irish Catholic, and an active Democrat. Unemployed during the [[Great Depression]], Jack Reagan held a minor position in the [[WPA]] during the [[New Deal]]. Reagan recalled numerous alcoholic episodes that cost his father many job opportunities. Nelle Reagan, a devout member of the [[Disciples of Christ]], greatly influenced her son, who remained a lifelong Protestant.
[[File:Reagan_graduation.jpg|right|160px|thumb|1932 photo taken after his graduation from Eureka College]]
He attended [[Eureka College]], a small Disciples school where he developed a reputation as a "jack of all trades", excelling in campus politics, sports and theater. Reagan was a member of several athletic organizations including the football and track teams, the basketball cheerleading squad, and captain of the swimming team. He was also yearbook editor and was elected student body president. Reagan was a political liberal at that point and led a student revolt against the college president. In his first year at Eureka, the president of the college tried to cut back the faculty. Reagan helped organize a student strike. He received his degree in economics and sociology in 1932.<ref>[http://www.asanet.org/students/famous.cfm Famous Sociology Majors]</ref>

To pay for college, Reagan worked many low-wage jobs such as cooking hamburgers and washing tables. He also worked as a lifeguard at Lowell Park on the Rock River in Dixon for seven summers, where he saved seventy-seven swimmers from drowning.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/reagan/ Timeline of Ronald Reagan’s Life], [[PBS]]</ref>

After college Reagan became a radio sports announcer in Iowa. Although he was originally only hired to announce the [[University of Iowa]] football games, he became so popular in the Midwest he began covering Chicago Cubs baseball games at Wrigley Field. He also wrote sports columns in the Des Moines ‘’Dispatch’’.

===Reagan as Disciple===
Reagan took religious values into the presidency that he learned from his [[Disciples of Christ]] background at home and at Eureka College, a Disciples school. He was strongly influenced by Ben Hill Cleaver, the minister of the First Christian Church<ref>The formal name of the denomination is the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ).</ref> in Dixon, Illinois, during the 1920s, and by Reagan's mother, Nelle, an active member of the church. At many points the positions taken by the Disciples Church of Reagan's youth coincided with the words, if not the beliefs of the latter-day Reagan. These positions included faith in Providence, the association of America's mission with God's will, belief in progress, trust in the work ethic and admiration for those who achieved wealth, an uncomfortableness with literature and art that questioned the family or challenged notions of proper sexual behavior, the presumption that poverty is an individual problem best left to charity rather than the state, sensitivity to problems involving alcohol and drugs, and reticence to use government to protect civil rights for minorities. Reagan's experiences in the church and with the Cleavers provided early training in public speaking and offered a way of learning in which acting played a central part. Reagan's use of the jeremiad and his fusing of Judeo-Christianity and patriotism into a civil religion also have their roots in this early period. For her part, Nelle was a pillar of the church and the one who provided stability to the shaky Reagan family when the head was drunkard and a poor provider. She helped spark her son's interest in acting and believed the stage could be a force for noble purposes.<ref>Stephen Vaughn, "The Moral Inheritance of a President: Reagan and the Dixon Disciples of Christ." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 1995 25(1): 109-127. 0360-4918</ref>

==Hollywood==
[[File:Reagan1953.jpg|thumb|left|250px|1953 film ''Law and Order'', starring Reagan and Dorothy Malone]]
In 1937 Reagan traveled to [[Hollywood]] to cover the Chicago Cubs's spring training games and look at prospects in the film industry. Warner Brothers studio offered him a one-year contract with a starting salary of $200 a week. He made his first on-screen debut in the 1937 movie ''Love is On the Air'',<ref>[http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/161292|0/Love-is-On-the-Air.html Love is on the Air]</ref> then became famous starring in numerous "B" movies, where he typically played a supporting character rather than the leading role. In 1941 Reagan gave a well-received performance in the [[Academy Award|Oscar]] nominated film ''Kings Row''. Other notable movies include ''Knute Rockne'', ''The Hasty Heart'', and the film ''Brother Rat'', which is where Reagan first met his future wife Jane Wyman.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=7rBLCZuEOswC&pg=PA189 President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime]</ref> During the war Reagan was in the Air Force where he was assigned to make training films.

===Military Service===
Intertwined with his career as an actor, Reagan also served in the military. He enlisted in the Army Enlisted Reserve on April 29, 1937, and transferred to the Army Air Forces (AAF) in 1942.<ref name=service>[https://reaganlibrary.archives.gov/archives/reference/military.html Military Service of Ronald Reagan]</ref> Poor eyesight kept him from being sent into overseas combat. He would instead produce training films for the AAF Public Relations and subsequently, to the 1st Motion Picture Unit in Culver City, California.

By the end of the war, his units had produced some 400 training films for the Army Air Forces. He resumed his Hollywood career on release in 1946, and his Reserve Commission automatically terminated on April 1, 1953.

While serving, Reagan was promoted several times. On January 4, 1943, he was promoted to First Lieutenant. On July 22, 1943, was promoted to Captain.<ref name=service />

===Return to Hollywood===
[[Image:Reagantheater.jpg‎|right|thumb|205px|Ronald Reagan and General Electric Theater. 1954–62.]]
Reagan's movie career faded in the late 1940s but he made a successful transition to television, especially as a host, and became a celebrity on the speakers' circuit. He traveled the country as a motivation speaker for [[General Electric]], attracting highly appreciative audiences for his polished, witty speeches based on a wide reading in current events and libertarian economic principles. Reagan also starred in the 1960s television series ''[[Death Valley Days]].'' By 1964, he had appeared in more than fifty films.

===Friendship with Billy Graham===
Reagan first met [[Billy Graham]] in the mid 1950s<ref name=focus>[http://jimdaly.focusonthefamily.com/a-story-of-billy-graham-and-ronald-reagan/ A Story of Billy Graham and Ronald Reagan], [[Focus on the Family]]</ref><ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/story/2004/06/08/transcript-ronald-reagan-friendship-with-billy-graham.html Transcript: Ronald Reagan's Friendship With Billy Graham], [[Fox News]]</ref> around the time that Reagan started with GE, and they remained friends for many years.

Graham was very impressed with Reagan's ability to effectively manage criticism with politeness, reason, and conviction. Graham wrote of Reagan in relating a story of a pastor from Dallas: "Ron had not only changed a man's mind, but he had done it with charm, conviction, and humor - traits I would see repeatedly as I got to know him."<ref name=focus />
[[Image:Reagan-LPcover.jpg|thumb|100px|left]]
===Operation Coffee Cup===
{{main|Operation Coffee Cup}}

During the 1950s and 1960s, Reagan teamed up with the [[American Medical Association]] to produce a campaign against government-run universal healthcare, warning citizens that if the government controls your healthcare, they control you.

Together with the AMA, they produced the LP record ''Ronald Reagan Speaks Out Against Socialized Medicine''.

===Union president===
Reagan jumped into union politics and was elected to five terms as president of the [[Screen Actors Guild]], a labor union for movie actors and part of the [[AFL]]. As SAG President he traveled across the country giving speeches on behalf of actors. Until the 1950s Reagan was an avid liberal Democrat who strongly supported the [[New Deal]] of [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] and the [[Fair Deal]] of [[Harry S. Truman]]. He often campaigned on behalf of the [[New Deal Coalition]], such as [[Helen Gahagan Douglas]]'s 1950 run for Senator of California.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=U2cs7IHERBwC&pg=PA43 Ronald Reagan's Journey: Democrat to Republican]</ref> There was talk of running Reagan for president of the AFL itself.<ref>Ronald Reagan, [https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0743400259/ref=sib_dp_srch_bod?v=search-inside&keywords=truman ''An American Life'' (1990) p 132]</ref>

Reagan was thus the only president to lead a [[labor union]], a bastion of liberalism. Reagan himself was a registered Democrat well into the 1950s, but as head of the Screen Actors Guild he fought against Communist infiltration. In 1947 he became an FBI informant, known by the bureau as informant "T-10",<ref>[http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,959749,00.html Unmasking Informant T-10], [[Time Magazine]]</ref><ref>[http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1985-08-26/news/8502040928_1_fbi-interviews-reagan-and-wyman-informant Reagan Reportedly Was Fbi Informer In 1940s]</ref> and testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee. Reagan expressed some reservation with the FBI, asking one agent "Do they expect us to constitute ourselves as a little FBI of our own and determine just who is a Commie and who isn't?"<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=I4-UBnd20K4C&pg=PA155 Ronald Reagan in Hollywood: Movies and Politics]</ref> Peggy Noonan wrote, "Even in his zeal to purge the communist influence from [[Hollywood]], he fought those who engaged in witch hunts and defended those who had been falsely accused of involvement."

==Democrat to Republican==
While remaining a Democrat in the 1950s, Reagan started to increasingly hold conservative points of view. After actively supporting [[Richard Nixon]]'s campaign for president in 1960, Reagan switched political parties and officially became a Republican in 1962. He realized that he had diverged greatly from the tax-and-spend liberalism of the Democratic Party. As a part of Reagan's change in viewpoints, he came to be a fan of former president [[Calvin Coolidge]], and would later replace a painting of Truman with that of Coolidge in the White House Cabinet Room.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/04/opinion/calvin-reagan.html Calvin Reagan], [[The New York Times]]</ref>

==1964==
Conservatives nationwide saw Reagan as their new star when his campaigning for Senator [[Barry Goldwater]] in 1964 was better received than Goldwater's own speeches. He raised an unprecedented eight million dollars for Goldwater. Despite Goldwater's defeat, Reagan's 1964 "[[Time for Choosing]]" speech helped launch his political career and made him became a probable candidate for governor of California.

==Governor of California (1967–1975)==
[[Image:Reagangovernor.jpg‎|left|thumb|275px|Ronald Reagan and Nancy Reagan at the Victory celebration for California Governor at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles, California 11/8/66.]] In the 1966 gubernatorial campaign, conservatives generally supported Reagan over George Christopher, the Republican mayor of [[San Francisco]]. Reagan defeated Christopher, and incumbent [[liberal]] [[Democrat]] [[Pat Brown]] in the general election, taking fifty-three of California's fifty-eight counties. Reagan's strategists wanted to emphasize libertarian support for smaller government and less taxation, as the state verged on a revolt against high property taxes. As student and black unrest exploded in the headlines, Reagan's call for [[Law and order]] won the votes of former liberals. Reagan's victory marked the end of New Deal liberalism in California.<ref>Dallek, Matthew. "Liberalism Overthrown." ''American Heritage'' (1996) 47(6): 39+ Fulltext online at Ebsco</ref>

Reagan inherited an enormous budget deficit from the Brown administration. In his first year as Governor, Reagan froze government spending and cut ten percent of the spending budget in each department of the government. At the end of his two terms, the $194 million deficit had been transformed into a $550 million surplus. The ''San Francisco Chronicle'' editorialized, "We exaggerate very little when we say that Reagan has saved the state from bankruptcy.<ref>[http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1980 1980 Reagan VS. Carter VS. Anderson]</ref>

When coming into office there was a growing number of anarchist protesters at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] over the United States' involvement in the [[Vietnam War]]. The protests would become violent. Reagan sent the state police and later the national guard to handle the riots. It allowed him to showcase his populist themes of morality, [[Law and order]], strong leadership, and defense of traditional values. Reagan was reelected in 1970, after firing the president of the state university and sending in armed force to confront student demonstrators. Reagan's handling of this crisis helped to make him into a national politician known for strength and courage.<ref>Gerard DeGroot, "Reagan's Rise." ''History Today'' (1995) 45(9): 31-36. Issn: 0018-2753 Fulltext online at Ebsco</ref>

Governor Reagan briefly tested the presidential waters in 1968 as part of a "Stop Nixon" movement, but drew back when he saw [[Richard Nixon]]'s strength.

Governor Reagan also attempted to clean up radicalism at other college campuses. [[Angela Davis]], a member of the [[Communist Party USA]], was also a professor of philosophy at [[UCLA]]. Reagan wrote that "I, nor the board will tolerate any Communist activities at any state institution... any member of the Communist Party is barred from teaching at this institution."<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=OwhvBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA140 African Americans and Criminal Justice: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia]</ref>

Welfare spending was a major issue in the 1970 election; with 10% of the nation's population, California had 16% of its welfare recipients. Reagan promised to cut the welfare spending by rooting out fraud and abuse, by requiring recipients to take jobs, and by collecting from dead-beat fathers. Democrats in the legislature supported a much more liberal bill, which advocated the welfare rights of the poor. Reagan personally worked out a compromise that passed and won considerable praise and some criticism. Its savings to taxpayers proved small, but it represented an important political achievement for both parties. Reagan benefited as well, emerging from the compromise as a more experienced and effective politician.<ref>Burbank (1991)</ref>

Reagan supported and signed laws to liberalize [[abortion]] in California (before the Supreme Court issued ''[[Roe v. Wade]]''), but later turned strongly against abortion.

Reagan's gubernatorial style, which carried over into his presidency, was expansive in looking only at the big picture, and choosing talented staffers who were given the power to handle all the details. Reagan seldom paid attention to the minute details of his own policies. Reagan was a powerful communicator, through press conferences and public appearances, with an uncanny knack for precise timing to make the maximum impact.<ref>Hamilton and Biggart, (1984); Ritter (1992)</ref>

Liberals across the country were puzzled by Reagan and decided that he was a weak reactionary who would be easy to defeat if he ran for president. California liberals explained they were all wrong, that Reagan was the most formidable Republican since Eisenhower.

In 1970, he was re-elected by a landslide against challenger "Big Daddy" Jesse Unruh.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/06/obituaries/jesse-unruh-a-california-political-power-dies.html Jesse Unruh, A California Political Power, Dies], [[The New York Times]]</ref> But in 1974, he chose not to seek a third term and was succeeded by liberal Democrat [[Jerry Brown]].

In 1974, the [[Symbionese Liberation Army]] abducted [[Patty Hearst]] and demanded a redistribution of food to the poor. Governor Reagan quipped: "It's just too bad we can't have an epidemic of botulism".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=PAvTCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA288 Days of Rage: America's Radical Underground, the FBI, and the Forgotten Age of Revolutionary Violence]</ref>

Three Lieutenant Governors served with Reagan: Robert Finch(67-69), Edwin Reinecke(69-74), John L. Harmer(74-75).

===Events and achievements as governor===

*Called in the [[National Guard]] to restore order when "People's Park" protesters began attacking police, and restored order to California's chaotic university campuses. Reagan authorized the use of force against the rioting protesters in Berkeley, saying, "If there has to be a bloodbath, then let's get it over with. No more appeasement." In the resulting chaos, 111 police officers were injured, and police fired buckshot into the crowd, sending over a dozen people to the hospital with shotgun wounds, 3 with punctured lungs and 1 with a shattered leg, and fatally wounded James Rector, who had been attacking the police.<ref>[http://police.berkeley.edu/about_UCPD/ucpdhistory.html#anchor178048 "History topic: People's Park"] University of California, Berkeley - Police Department (August 2006)</ref><ref>''San Francisco Chronicle'', early morning edition, May 15, 1969</ref><ref>[http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2004/06/08_reagan.shtml Ronald Reagan launched political career using the Berkeley campus as a target] (June 8, 2004)</ref><ref>[https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/02/video-ronald-reagans-press-conference-after-bloody-thursday/284045/ Video: Ronald Reagan's Press Conference After 'Bloody Thursday'] (February 2014)</ref><ref>[http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,904149,00.html California: Postscript to People's Park], [[Time Magazine]] archive, February 16th, 1970, Note: Fee required to read article.</ref>

*Led a comprehensive and far-reaching revision of California's massive public assistance programs, actually increasing benefits to the truly needy.

*Worked well with the Democrats to forge consensus on a variety of issues.

*Despite pressure within his own party, Reagan publicly opposed the Briggs Initiative which helped its defeat at the ballot in 1978.

*Signed the nation's first no-fault divorce law

*Signed the Therapeutic Abortion Law, which had the effect of increasing the availability of legal abortion in California - later Reagan expressed regret for this<ref>[https://www.lifenews.com/2008/03/11/nat-3790/ Revisionist History: Misrepresenting President Ronald Reagan’s Abortion Record], [[LifeSiteNews]]</ref><ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/223437/reagans-darkest-hour-paul-kengor-patricia-clark-doerner Reagan's Darkest Hour, "Therapeutic" abortion in California.], [[National Review]]</ref><ref>[http://cnsnews.com/news/article/president-reagan-put-his-pro-life-stance-center-stage-supporting-march-life President Reagan Put His Pro-Life Stance Center Stage In Supporting the March for Life], [[CNSNews.com]]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=-dSvWrJ6ooAC&pg=PA64 The Essential Ronald Reagan: A Profile in Courage, Justice, and Wisdom]</ref> and even wrote a [[pro-life]] pamphlet while he was president.

==Nationally Syndicated Radio==
From 1975 to 1979, Reagan gave over 1000 radio addresses to listeners in 20-30 million homes each week.<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/programs/static/national-recording-preservation-board/documents/ReaganOnRadio.pdf Ronald Reagan Radio Broadcasts]</ref> In one particular address, he discussed the California abortion bill he had signed, along with some additional observations.

<blockquote>A bill had been introduced in the California legislature to make abortion available upon demand. The pro and anti forces were already marshaling their troops, and emotions were running high. Then the author of the bill sent word down that he'd amend his bill to anything I felt I could sign. The ball - to coin a cliche - was in my court. Suddenly I had to have a position on abortion.

I did more studying and soul-searching than on any thing that was to face me as governor. I discovered that neither medicine, law, or theology had ever really found a common ground on the subject. Some believed an unborn child was no more than a growth on the body female and she should be able to remove it as she would her appendix. Others felt a human life existed from the moment the fertilized egg was implanted in the womb. Strangely enough, the same legislature that couldn't agree on abortion had unanimously passed a law making it murder to abuse a pregnant woman so as to cause the death of her unborn child.

Another inconsistency - the unborn have property rights protected by law. A man can will his estate to his wife and children and any children yet to be born of his marriage. Yet the proposed abortion law would deny the unborn the protection of the law in preserving its life.

I went to the lawyers on my staff and posed a hypothetical question. What if a pregnant woman became a widow during her pregnancy and found her husband had left his fortune to her and the unborn child. Under the proposed abortion law, she could take the life of her child and inherit all of her husband's estate. Wouldn't that be murder for financial gain? The only answer I got was that they were glad I wasn't asking the questions on the bar exam.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=MH7b57xk6jIC&pg=PA52 Speaking My Mind: Selected Speeches]</ref></blockquote>

==The New Republican Party==
At the 1975 [[Conservative Political Action Conference]], Reagan talked about the new Republican Party in a speech titled "''[[Let Them Go Their Way]]''", a party that was a striking contrast to the Democrat party. He called for bold colors that would be contrasted against pale pastels. This is one of Reagan's most quoted lines from any speech.<ref>[http://www.westernfreepress.com/2013/03/14/reagan-at-cpac-in-1975-let-them-go-their-way/ Reagan at CPAC in 1975: "Let Them Go Their Way"]</ref>

At the time, voters were of the belief that because Republicans did very little in the way of conservative principles and values, that there was little to no difference between the two parties. Reagan's main point was that instead of organizing a new third party, why not organize a new first party.

==Presidential Campaigns==
===1976===
[[File:1976 Republican National Convention.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Reagan and Ford at the 1976 Republican National Convention]]
{{Main|United States presidential election, 1976}}

After [[Richard Nixon]]'s resignation in 1974, the weak [[Gerald Ford]] became president, and Reagan challenged him in the 1976 Republican Party primaries. The main issue was détente with the Soviets as promoted by Ford and Secretary of State [[Henry Kissinger]], though other issues such as the [[Panama Canal]] also threw Ford off guard.<ref name=canal>[https://books.google.com/books?id=qpfzsnHAzZAC&pg=PA315 Gerald Ford and the Challenges of the 1970s]</ref> Ford won the first 13 primaries, then Reagan came roaring back. He criticized the federal government and politicians for being too large, too powerful, and too involved in American society. Reagan named liberal eastern Senator Richard Schweiker as his running mate, disappointing many of his conservative supporters.<ref>[http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1976/07/28/page/5/article/reagan-gambles-all-in-schweiker-choice Reagan gambles all in Schweiker choice]</ref> The outcome of the contest was that Ford won 26 primary contests, and Reagan won 24. The final delegate count was 1121 to 1078, Ford. 1130 delegates were needed to clinch the nomination.<ref name=seventysix>[http://www.newsweek.com/delegate-battle-1976-reagan-almost-unseated-ford-449843 Delegate Battle of '76: When Reagan Almost Beat Ford], [[Newsweek]]</ref>

At the Republican convention, victory came down to the Mississippi delegation which swung the nomination to Ford. However, given how difficult it is to run against an incumbent president in a Primary, Reagan's campaign was surprisingly strong. On the first ballot, Ford had 1,187 delegates, Reagan had 1,070.<ref name=seventysix /> Ford had succeeded in becoming the party's nominee.

After Ford was defeated in the general election, Reagan retired to his ranch in California and continued to give speeches across the country. There was little doubt that Reagan was the dominant Republican for the next election, and he easily won the nomination in 1980.

===1980===
{{Main|United States presidential election, 1980}}

Before the general election, Reagan faced a Republican primary challenge from the more moderate [[George H. W. Bush]]. Bush was highly established and respected as having served as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, ambassador to People's Republic of China and the United Nations, former chairman of the National Republican Committee, and two-term Congressman from [[Texas]]. Bush referred to Reagan's economic policies as "voodoo economics." After Bush won a surprising victory in the January 21st [[Iowa]] State primary, Reagan surged ahead after he outwitted Bush in the New Hampshire debate. During that debate, Reagan uttered the famous phrase "I'm paying for this microphone!"<ref>[https://usatelections.wordpress.com/2015/07/31/10-memorable-moments-from-past-primary-debates/ 10 memorable moments from past primary debates], [[USA Today]]</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RRI6iSrS1kc Ronald Reagan's famous line, "I am paying for this microphone"]</ref> After winning Iowa and losing New Hampshire, Bush had another win in the Massachusetts primary, then Reagan began sweeping primaries and crushed all of his opponents.<ref>[http://www.unionleader.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/99999999/NEWS0605/110509963 1980: Reagan begins his sweep], [[New Hampshire Union Leader]]</ref> Bush dropped out on May 26, leaving Reagan as the presumptive nominee. Ironically, he named George H. W. Bush as his running mate at the convention.<ref>[https://partners.nytimes.com/library/politics/camp/800717convention-gop-ra.html Reagan Wins Nomination and Chooses Bush as Running Mate After Talks With Ford Fail], [[The New York Times]]</ref>

Reagan was able to crusade against the failures of incumbent Democrat, President [[Jimmy Carter]]. There was runaway [[stagflation]], soaring [[interest rates]], persistent [[unemployment]], a series of humiliations abroad, and a weakened [[military]] in the face of growing Soviet superpower. As Reagan put it, "I'm told I can't use the word depression. Well, I'll tell you the definition. A recession is when your neighbor loses his job; depression is when you lose your job. Recovery is when Jimmy Carter loses his." The most pressing foreign policy crisis was that [[Iran]]ian President [[Ayatollah Khomeini]] was holding fifty-two Americans hostage. All of Carter's diplomatic attempts had failed.

The phrase "There you go again", which Reagan used in the Reagan-Carter Debate on October 28, 1980, became a defining phrase of the campaign.<ref>[https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/Decoder/2012/1001/Presidential-debate-what-to-look-for-beyond-who-wins-or-loses-video Presidential debate: what to look for beyond who wins or loses]</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qN7gDRjTNf4 Reagan-Carter Oct. 28, 1980 Debate - "There You Go Again"]</ref>

[[File:2000px-ElectoralCollege1980.png|right|thumb|325px|Reagan's 1980 landslide]]
Reagan feared that the [[Soviet Union]]'s military had become much more powerful then the United States'. He proposed stronger defense systems and a larger military. Carter fought back, lashing out at Reagan as a dangerous radical who would unleash nuclear war. A liberal Republican [[John Anderson]] ran a third party campaign which received 7% of the popular vote. Reagan won a landslide victory - receiving 51% of the popular vote and winning 44 of 50 states. In the 20th century, only two presidents received a larger electoral majority: Franklin Roosevelt in 1936 and Richard Nixon in 1972.<ref>[http://www.trivia-library.com/c/biography-of-us-president-ronald-reagan-part-8-campaign.htm Biography of U.S. President Ronald Reagan]</ref> His long coattails brought in the first Republican Senate in years, but the Democrats still controlled the House. The election marked the last hurrah of the New Deal era, the final collapse of the [[New Deal Coalition]] and indeed the end of liberalism as a coherent policy.<ref>Busch 2005</ref>

====Suburban Swimming Pool====
During the 1980 election, media outlets at the time used blue for republican states and red for democrat states.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMuWVsPQbwM US Election Night 1980 NBC live coverage 11-4-1980], Reagan blue-state landslide map in the background</ref><ref>[https://www.wnd.com/2012/05/how-red-states-turned-blue-and-vice-versa/ How red states turned blue and vice versa], [[WND]]</ref> [[David Brinkley]] famously said that it looked like a "suburban swimming pool."<ref>[https://www.conservativenewsandviews.com/2015/10/29/editorial/guest/dem-red-reagan-blue/ Dem red, Reagan blue]</ref> [[Time Magazine]] referred to it as "Lake Reagan."<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=20040208&id=bVNWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=qesDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6665,1584006&hl=en One state, Two state; red state blue state]</ref>

==Presidency (1981–1989)==
[[Image:Reagan 1981 Inauguration.jpg|right|thumb|325px|President Elect Reagan being sworn in for his first term in the 1981 Inauguration Ceremony at the U.S. Capitol]]
Ronald Reagan was sworn in as the 40th President of the United States on January 20, 1981. On that same day, Ayatollah released the hostages after keeping them in captivity for 444 days. At the inauguration, the invocation and benediction were delivered by Reverend Donn Moomaw, Reagan's pastor at Bel Air Presbyterian Church in Hollywood.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=wF_kAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA15-IA103 The Living Church, Volume 182]</ref>

Once in office, Reagan vowed a shift in federal power, back to states and localities.<ref name=localities>[https://www.nytimes.com/1981/03/21/us/reagan-vows-shift-in-federal-powers.html REAGAN VOWS SHIFT IN FEDERAL POWERS], [[The New York Times]]</ref> When the Federal [[Air Traffic Controllers]] struck illegally, Reagan showed he was playing hardball and gave them 48 hours before he fired all who hadn't gone back to work (11,359).

Reagan rebuffed liberals who complained he was killing the New Deal. Noting that he voted for FDR in 1932, 1936, 1940 and 1944, as well as Truman in 1948, Reagan said he was trying to repeal the ''"[[Great Society]]"'' enacted by liberals in the mid-1960s.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=68rBxuO7EsMC&pg=PA351&dq=reagan+%22great+society%22+roosevelt+truman&lr=&num=30&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES ''Eyewitness to Power''], by David Gergen, (2000) p 351</ref> During the first term of his presidency, Reagan tapped [[James A. Baker III (Secretary of State)|James A. Baker III]], [[Edwin Meese III]], and [[Michael Deaver]] to form a group known by some as "The Troika".<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1981/04/19/magazine/the-presidential-troika.html?pagewanted=all The Presidential Troika]</ref><ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=950&dat=19810806&id=02xQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=rlkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7013,1321812&hl=en The Troika], The Evening Independent</ref><ref>[http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1985-01-05/features/8501010299_1_deaver-and-meese-michael-deaver-edwin-meese Reagan Does Not Plan To Replace Deaver, Meese]</ref>

Early in his first term, he took a trip to Canada where he met with Prime Minister [[Pierre Trudeau]] and addressed the Canadian Parliament.<ref>[https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/reagan-ronald Travels of the President]</ref> While in Canada, Reagan requested to meet with [[Gordon Sinclair]], a Canadian journalist who had made international headlines for his commentary "[[The Americans]]".<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/08/03/Veteran-Toronto-broadcaster-Gordon-Sinclair-81-famous-in-the/7991365659200/ Veteran Toronto broadcaster Gordon Sinclair, 81, famous in the...]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=UP61LHTcaFMC&pg=PA84 A Salute to Service: The Rebirth of Patriotism]</ref>

Democrats in the Senate choose as their Leader the [[Exalted Cyclops]] [[Robert Byrd]], Senator from [[West Virginia]]. Over the course of Reagan's presidency, the government was forced to shutdown a total of eight times, many times due to confrontations with [[House Speaker]] [[Tip O'Neill]].<ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/360142/government-shutdowns-history-charles-c-w-cooke Government Shutdowns: A History]</ref><ref>[https://www.redstate.com/diary/willstauff/2014/02/18/tip-oneill-gop-majority-myth/ Replace Boehner with Tip O’Neill]</ref>

===Administration===
[[Image:Reaganfamily-red-rr-.jpg|right|thumb|325px|President & Mrs. Reagan with their extended family.]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Office
! Name
! Term
|-
| [[President]]
| Ronald Reagan
| 1981-1989
|-
| [[Vice President of the United States of America|Vice President]]
| [[George H.W. Bush]]
| 1981-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of State]]
| [[Alexander Haig]]
| 1981-1982
|-
|
| [[George Shultz]]
| 1982-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Treasury]]
| [[Donald Regan]]
| 1981-1985
|-
|
| [[James A. Baker III (Secretary of State)|James A. Baker III]]
| 1985-1988
|-
|
| [[Nicholas Brady]]
| 1988-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Defense]]
| [[Caspar Weinberger]]
| 1981-1987
|-
|
| [[Frank C. Carlucci]]
| 1987-1989
|-
| [[Attorney General]]
| [[William Smith]]
| 1981-1985
|-
|
| [[Edwin Meese III]]
| 1985-1988
|-
|
| [[Richard Thornburgh]]
| 1988-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of the Interior]]
| [[James G. Watt]]
| 1981-1983
|-
|
| [[William P. Clark, Jr.]]
| 1983-1985
|-
|
| [[Donald Hodel]]
| 1985-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Agriculture]]
| [[John Rusling Block]]
| 1981-1986
|-
|
| [[Richard E. Lyng]]
| 1986-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Commerce]]
| [[Howard M. Baldrige, Jr.]]
| 1981-1987
|-
|
| [[C. William Verity, Jr.]]
| 1987-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Labor]]
| [[Raymond J. Donovan]]
| 1981-1985
|-
|
| [[William E. Brock]]
| 1985–1987
|-
|
| [[Ann Dore McLaughlin]]
| 1987-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Health and Human Services]]
| [[Richard S. Schweiker]]
| 1981–1983
|-
|
| [[Margaret Heckler]]
| 1983-1985
|-
|
| [[Otis R. Bowen]]
| 1985-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Education]]
| [[Terrel Bell]]
| 1981-1985
|-
|
| [[William Bennett]]
| 1985-1988
|-
|
| [[Lauro Cavazos]]
| 1988-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Housing and Urban Development]]
| [[Samuel R. Pierce, Jr.]]
| 1981-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Transportation]]
| [[Drew Lewis]]
| 1981-1983
|-
|
| [[Elizabeth Dole]]
| 1983-1987
|-
|
| [[James H. Burnley IV]]
| 1987-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Energy]]
| [[James B. Edwards]]
| 1981-1982
|-
|
| [[Donald Paul Hodel]]
| 1982-1985
|-
|
| [[John S. Herrington]]
| 1985-1989
|-
|}

===Assassination Attempt===
Outside the Washington Hilton Hotel<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=tMrEP4Y6whwC&pg=PA64 The Reagan Era from the Iran Crisis to Kosovo]</ref> on March 30, 1981, Reagan was shot by [[John W. Hinckley]] near the heart after giving a routine speech.<ref>The assassin was [[John Hinckley]], a mentally disturbed man who didn't shoot Reagan for political reasons, but instead did to impress an actress he had never met.</ref> Surgeons at [[George Washington University]] Hospital saved his life and despite his age, he recovered quickly. Prior to the operation, Reagan looked up at the doctors and said "I Hope you're all Republicans". Dr. Joseph Giordano, the head surgeon at GWU Hospital confirmed the story, and replied to the president "We are all Republicans today".<ref>[http://urbanlegends.about.com/od/historical/a/ronald_reagan.htm Ronald Reagan: Grace Under the Scalpel]</ref>

White House Press Secretary [[James Brady]] was shot in the head, became permanently disabled; Brady then became an icon of the [[gun control|anti-gun]] movement.

The assassination attempt came at a critical moment and disarmed the opposition in Congress, enabling Reagan to pass his major legislation even though the Democrats controlled the House.

===1984 Reelection===
[[File:2000px-ElectoralCollege1984.png|right|thumb|325px|Reagan's 1984 landslide]]
{{Main|United States presidential election, 1984}}

In 1984, Reagan was re-elected in a landslide, winning every state except Mondale's home state of Minnesota and the District of Columbia, creating a record 525 electoral vote total (of 538 possible), and received 58.8%. of the popular vote.<ref>[https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/scores.html#1984 National Archives]</ref><ref>[http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?f=0&year=1984 Leip, David: 1984 Presidential Election Results.]</ref> At the second inaugural, the Reverend Timothy Healy delivered the invocation, and the Reverend Peter Gomes delivered the benediction.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1988&dat=19850119&id=MGwiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_6sFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1381,1418388&hl=en The Argus-Press - Jan 19, 1985]</ref> In his Second Inaugural Address after winning the election, Reagan asked two of his most well-remembered questions: "''If not us, who? And if not now, when?''"

During his second term, Reagan helped end the Cold War with the help of Margaret Thatcher and some assistance from Pope John Paul II and Mikhail Gorbachev by recognizing the weakness of the Soviet economy and spent them out of existence by their not being able to compete with defense spending.

===Challenger Disaster===
On January 28, 1986, the [[Space Shuttle Challenger]] disintegrated due to O-ring failure 73 seconds after lift-off. In response, Reagan gave a speech that is regarded as a high mark of his presidency.<ref name=challenger>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/01/28/how-ronald-reagan-explained-the-challenger-disaster-to-the-world-its-all-part-of-taking-a-chance/ Exactly the right words, exactly the right way: Reagan’s amazing Challenger disaster speech], [[The Washington Post]]</ref> [[Peggy Noonan]] was chosen to write the speech who, at the time, was relatively unknown.<ref name=challenger /> In the speech, the freedom of the United States was highlighted in contrast to the tyranny of socialism, and the astronauts were honored as they were on their final journey to "touch the face of God".<ref>[http://history.nasa.gov/reagan12886.html Explosion of the Space Shuttle Challenger, Address to the Nation, January 28, 1986], by President Ronald W. Reagan, [[NASA]]</ref>

===Space Station Freedom===
In the 1984 State of the Union Address, Ronald Reagan outlined the development of a [[Space station]]. He said "We can reach for greatness again. We can follow our dreams to distant stars, living and working in space for peaceful, economic, and scientific gain."<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=40205 Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on the State of the Union], January 25, 1984</ref> The space station, later named ''Freedom''<ref>[https://mix.msfc.nasa.gov/abstracts.php?p=1653 Space Station Freedom-Artist's Concept]</ref> faced challenges and re-designs due to budget cuts.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/09/us/nasa-studying-ways-to-redesign-space-station-to-meet-budget-cut.html NASA Studying Ways to Redesign Space Station to Meet Budget Cut]</ref> It eventually evolved into the [[International Space Station]] program.<ref>[https://uhclarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/faget/industrial/freedom Space Station Freedom]</ref><ref>[http://www.iso.org/iso/home/news_index/news_archive/news.htm?refid=Ref1555 Cooperation in space - The International Space Station benefits from ISO standards]</ref>

==Domestic policy==
===School prayer and a moment of silence===
[[Image:Reagans greet Billy Graham at Prayer Breakfast 1981.jpg|right|thumb|250px|President Reagan and Nancy Reagan greeting Billy Graham at the 1981 National Prayer Breakfast]]
As a conservative, Reagan was a supporter of school prayer, with Reagan repeatedly raising the issue during his presidency.<ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/266491/ronald-reagans-prayer-legacy-stewart-mclaurin Ronald Reagan’s Prayer Legacy], [[National Review]]</ref>

Early on in his presidency, Reagan brought up the issue of prayer in schools, which was banned in 1962 by the Supreme Court in [[Engel v. Vitale]]. He proposed a constitutional amendment<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/18/us/reagan-proposes-school-prayer-amendment.html Reagan Proposes School Prayer Amendment], [[The New York Times]]</ref> that contained the following language: "Nothing in this Constitution shall be construed to prohibit individual or group prayer in public schools or other public institutions. No person shall be required by the United States or by any state to participate in prayer".

Reagan revived the issue in 1984<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=40205 Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on the State of the Union], January 25, 1984</ref> noting the beliefs of the [[Founding Fathers]] on the importance of faith. He said: "America was founded by people who believed that God was their rock of safety. He is ours. I recognize we must be cautious in claiming that God is on our side, but I think it's all right to keep asking if we're on His side." Also in 1984, the Supreme Court reviewed a case regarding a moment of silence in schools.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2245&dat=19840712&id=vogzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dDIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=5416,1067751 Reagan urges school 'moment of silence']</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1984/12/05/us/high-court-weighs-silence-in-school-for-prayer-or-meditation.html High Court Weighs Silence in School for Prayer or Meditation], [[The New York Times]]</ref> In [[Wallace v. Jaffree]], the court ruled 6–3 against.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1985-06-04/news/mn-6462_1_voluntary-prayer High Court Bars Moments of Silence for School Prayer : But Would Approve Meditation], [[Los Angeles Times]]</ref> Reagan received the support of boxing legend [[Muhammad Ali]] who said, "He's keeping God in schools and that's enough."<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2016/06/10/when-muhammad-ali-endorsed-ronald-reagan/?utm_term=.e84c75ad95f2</ref>

Toward the end of his presidency in 1987, Reagan called for Congress to act.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=NefcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA56 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Ronald Reagan, 1987]</ref> In an address to Congress on January 27, he said: "The 100th Congress of the United States should be remembered as the one that ended the expulsion of God from America's classrooms".<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/28/nyregion/high-court-accepts-appeal-of-moment-of-silence-law.html High Court Accepts Appeal of 'Moment of Silence' Law], [[The New York Times]]</ref>

===Economy===
[[Image:Reagan_desk.jpg‎|left|thumb|275px|President Reagan working at his desk in the oval office, 05/06/82.]]
As President, Ronald Reagan enacted his theory of "[[Reaganomics]]." His four major policy objectives were the following:<ref>[http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc1/Reaganomics.html Reaganomics], by William A. Niskanen</ref>

*Reduce the growth of government spending.
*Reduce the marginal tax rates on income from both labor and capital.
*Reduce government regulation of the economy.
*Control the money supply to reduce inflation.

On August 13, 1981, Reagan signed the Kemp-Roth [[Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981]] bill into law, reducing the tax burden on American citizens.
[[File:Time-8-17-81.jpg|thumb|250px| ''Time'' Aug 17, 1981. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,949316,00.html read story]]]
Fueled by an over spending [[Congress]] that steadfastly refused Reagan's budget proposals, the national debt increased 160% during his two terms in office. However, the economic growth that resulted from tax cuts made deficits as a percentage of [[GDP]] lower than what they had been in during the previous decade of stagflation. The period of high [[inflation]] and [[unemployment]] when Reagan took office was over after eight years of his presidency. In 1986 Reagan signed the [[Tax Reform Act of 1986]], which obtained an overhaul of the income tax code and eliminated many deductions and exempted millions of people with low incomes. The [[income tax]] rates of the top personal tax bracket dropped from 70% to 28% in 7 years. At the same time, Reagan sought to close tax loopholes so that the wealthy would not be able to get away with paying less tax than low to middle-income earners. By the end of his administration, the Nation was enjoying its longest recorded period of peacetime prosperity without [[recession]] or [[depression]].<ref>[https://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/rr40.html Ronald Reagan]</ref>

====PATCO Strike====
On 3 August 1981, 13,000 air traffic controllers, members of the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO), walked off the job. PATCO had supported Reagan in the 1980 election but now was making exorbitant demands regarding high raises, early retirement, and reduced hours. The Federal Aviation Administration made a generous offer but PATCO said no and called a strike. PATCO assumed it would shut down all air traffic and paralyze the economy, forcing the government to surrender, but they misjudged Ronald Reagan. Under federal law, the strike was illegal. Reagan ordered the strikers as a group to return to work. Some returned but most did not; he ordered individual strikers to return, and again most refused. Reagan was ready; secretly the Transportation Secretary Drew Lewis had readied military replacements. It was the first time in over 50 years in a major strike that replacements were used. Two days later, the president fired 11,000 strikers, and they never were rehired. The planes were flying and labor unions suffered their worst defeat since the 1920s. Reagan's dramatic action energized corporations to resist union demands, and sped up the rapid decline in union membership and the political power of union bosses.<ref>"Turbulence in the Tower," [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,949316,00.html ''Time'' Aug. 17, 1981]; Paul L. Butterworth, et al., "More than a Labor Dispute: The PATCO Strike of 1981," ''Essays in Economic & Business History'' 2005 23:125-139</ref>

===Boll Weevils===
In 1981 President [[Ronald Reagan]] won over enough conservative southern Democrats—called '''Boll Weevils'''--<ref>[https://www.csmonitor.com/1981/1216/121615.html Boll weevils, gypsy moths, and the 97th Congress ], [[Christian Science Monitor]]</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/26/us/congress-the-eclipse-of-the-boll-weevils.html CONGRESS; THE ECLIPSE OF THE BOLL WEEVILS], [[The New York Times]]</ref> to carry his major tax cuts through a House nominally controlled by the Democrats. Led by Congressman [[Phil Gramm]] of Texas,<ref>Gramm later became a Republican. On Gramm see David Frum, "Righter Than Newt," ''The Atlantic Monthly'' v. 275#3 (March 1995) pp 81+, online at [[Questia]]</ref> they helped Reagan enact many of his domestic policy proposals, to increase defense spending sharply, and to block leftists attacks on Reagan's anti-Communist policies in Central America. They also helped dismantle some of the remnants of [[Lyndon Johnson]]'s [[Great Society]].<ref>The "boll weevil" was a pest that ruined cotton plants across the South in the early 20th century, and forced the region to diversify out of cotton.</ref> Reagan did not campaign against them, so they kept their seats a few years longer.<ref>Lou Cannon, ''President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime'' (2000) pp 89, 754</ref>

===Social Security Reform 1983===
Mounting concerns that rising Social Security benefits were causing a long-term deficit and were growing too fast resulted in a bipartisan compromise in 1983. Brokered by conservative [[Alan Greenspan]] and liberal [[Claude Pepper]], the agreement lowered benefits over the next 75 years and brought the system into balance. Key provisions included a gradual increase over 25 years in the retirement age from 65 to 67, to take account of longer life expectancy. (People could retire younger, but at a reduced rate of benefits.) Millions of people were added to the system, especially employees of state governments and of nonprofit organizations.<ref>1983 Greenspan Commission on Social Security Reform (1983) [https://www.ssa.gov/history/reports/gspan5.html online version]; "Claude Pepper and Social Security Reform - 1981-1983," [http://www.claudepeppercenter.fsu.edu/webexhibits/socialsecurityreform/socialsecurityreform1981to1983.htm online exhibit]; Paul Charles Light, ''Artful Work: The Politics of Social Security Reform'' (1985)</ref>

===Judicial Appointments===
[[File:Reagan and Justices.jpg|thumb|250px| From left to right: Justices [[Harry Blackmun]], [[Thurgood Marshall]], [[William Brennan]], Chief Justice [[Warren Burger]], President Reagan, [[Sandra Day O'Connor]], [[Byron White]], [[Lewis F. Powell, Jr.]], [[William Rehnquist]] and [[John Paul Stevens]].]]
President Reagan made a total of 381 judicial appointments; 83 to US Court of Appeals, 290 to US District Courts, and 5 to the Supreme Court. 11 were not confirmed.<ref>[https://www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-conservative-turn-of-america-1968-1989-30/the-reagan-administration-228/battles-in-the-courts-and-congress-1289-8810/ President Reagan's Court appointees included: Sandra Day O'Connor, Anton Scalia, Anthony Kennedy, and William Rehnquist as Chief Justice.]</ref>

====Supreme Court====
Reagan fulfilled a promise he unnecessarily made in his 1980 presidential campaign to appoint the first women to the [[U.S. Supreme Court]].<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1291&dat=19801015&id=4zxUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=s40DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4187,2916117&hl=en Reagan pledges woman on court], [[Associated Press]]</ref> On July 7, 1981, he chose the first person he interviewed, without even bothering to interview other candidates, by nominating little-known Arizona judge [[Sandra Day O'Connor]] to become an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. O'Connor succeeded Justice [[Potter Stewart]]. Liberals, who had been ready for a knock-down battle, were stunned that Reagan had appointed a [[feminist]] and welcomed her nomination. [[Pro-life]] groups pointed out that her record indicated her support of [[abortion]]; [[movement conservative]]s [[Jerry Falwell]] opposed her confirmation and Howard Phillips testified against it. Phillips prophetically declared, "People say you can't tell how a Supreme Court nominee will turn out once on the bench. I respectfully disagree. In most cases, it's very clear. I opposed the nomination of Sandra Day O'Connor because it was very clear that she had a pro-[[abortion]] record in the Arizona State Senate and as a judge in Arizona. She was also allied with [[Planned Parenthood]]." With enthusiastic liberal support for O'Connor, she was confirmed by the Senate by a 99–0 vote on September 21 and took her seat September 25.

In 1986 [[Warren E. Burger]] announced his retirement from the Court. Reagan nominated [[Antonin Scalia]] to fill the vacant seat, at the same time that he elevated [[William Rehnquist]] for Chief Justice. Most of the opposition in the Senate focused their opposition on the Rehnquist nomination. Scalia was confirmed by a unanimous 98–0 vote, while Rehnquist was confirmed over substantial opposition.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/22/AR2007082200931.html Rehnquist Confirmed In 65-33 Senate Vote]</ref><ref>[https://www.loc.gov/law/find/nominations/scalia/vote.pdf Floor Vote - Scalia], September 17, 1986</ref>

=====Robert Bork=====
In 1987, Reagan nominated conservative judge [[Robert Bork]] to replace retiring Supreme Court Justice [[Lewis Powell]]. In a highly contentious series of Senate Hearings<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2012/12/19/politics/robert-bork-dead/ Robert Bork, known for contentious Supreme Court nomination, dies at 85], [[CNN]]</ref> senate liberals attacked Bork as being too conservative. Senator [[Ted Kennedy]] criticized him, saying,
:''"Robert Bork's America is a land in which women would be forced into back-alley abortions, blacks would sit at segregated lunch counters, rogue police could break down citizens' doors in midnight raids, schoolchildren could not be taught about evolution, writers and artists could be censored at the whim of the Government, and the doors of the Federal courts would be shut on the fingers of millions of citizens for whom the judiciary is -- and is often the only -- protector of the individual rights that are the heart of our democracy."''<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE5DF1E3EF936A35754C0A961948260 WASHINGTON; Kennedy And Bork], [[The New York Times]]</ref>

The U.S. Senate rejected Bork's confirmation on a 42–58 vote. Reagan then turned to [[Douglas Ginsburg]], who withdrew his name from consideration when it was discovered he smoked [[marijuana]], which was [[illegal]], with his students. Finally, the much less controversial (but more [[liberal]]) Californian [[Anthony Kennedy]] was nominated, who was confirmed on a 97–0 vote.

======"Borking"======
Because of the treatment that Robert Bork received during his confirmation hearing, the term to "be Borked" entered the general lexicon.<ref>[http://beta.townhall.com/columnists/jonahgoldberg/2007/10/26/the_borking_of_american_politics The Borking of American Politics], [[Townhall]]</ref>

===Federalism===
{{main|Federalism|Tenth Amendment}}

As a staunch supporter of the Republic which our [[Founding Fathers]] created and handed down to us, Reagan signed Executive Order 12612 on October 26, 1987.<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=33607 Executive Order 12612 - Federalism]</ref> The EO recognized that the [[Constitution]] only grants authority to a few, specific [[Enumerated powers]]. Outside of these few areas, the role of the Federal Government should not be a meddlesome one, but that the states should be in charge, where citizens have a more direct and local discretion. The EO said "Federalism is rooted in the knowledge that our political liberties are best assured by limiting the size and scope of the national government".

Executive Order 12612 was rescinded with Executive Order 13083 by the [[authoritarian]] [[Democrat]] [[Bill Clinton]] on May 14, 1998.<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=55957 Executive Order 13083 - Federalism]</ref><ref>[https://www.heritage.org/research/reports/1998/06/president-clintons-sellout-of-federalism President Clinton's Sellout of Federalism], [[Heritage Foundation]]</ref>

===War on Drugs===
As President, Reagan declared a "[[War on Drugs]]", which would be policies put forward by the United States and other countries to reduce illegal drug trade. In 1986, President Reagan signed the very prominent Anti-Drug Abuse Act which granted $97 million to build new [[prison]]s, $200 million for drug [[education]] and $241 million for treatment. Overall, $1.7 billion to fight the drug crisis.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/drugs/cron/ Thirty Years of America's Drug War], A Chronology, [[PBS]]</ref> First Lady [[Nancy Reagan]] started a slogan, "[[Just Say No]]" to drug use. The term was used in television advertising, and today there are many "Just Say No" drug clinics. As a result of the policies, [[marijuana]] use dropped from 33% of high-school seniors in 1980 to 12% in 1991.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/drugs/interviews/kleber.html Interview with Dr. Herbert Kleber], [[PBS]]</ref>

===Illegal immigration===
November 6, 1986, Reagan signed into law the [[Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986]], also known as the Simpson-Mazzoli Act, named after it's two authors: Romano Mazzoli and [[Alan Simpson]].<ref>[http://humanevents.com/2007/06/04/simpsonmazzoli-twentyone-years-later/ Simpson-Mazzoli: Twenty-One Years Later], [[Human Events]]</ref>

In his diaries, Reagan wrote that he wanted to sign the bill because of how important it was to regain control of our borders.<ref>[http://www.ontheissues.org/Celeb/Ronald_Reagan_Immigration.htm Ronald Reagan on Immigration]</ref> But the bill had largely the opposite effect. By granting a pathway to citizenship (amnesty) to 2.7 million illegal aliens, the law encouraged unlawful entry by more than 10 million additional new illegal aliens. However, Reagan was not enthusiastic about, and did not make an effort to enforce, the law's provision making it illegal for employers to hire illegal aliens.<ref>Kammer, Jerry (January 3, 2019). [https://www.cis.org/Kammer/How-Washington-Post-Expose-Trump-Missed-Story-How-Reagan-Wrecked-Immigration-Reform How the Washington Post Exposé of Trump Missed the Story of How Reagan Wrecked Immigration Reform]. ''Center for Immigration Studies''. Retrieved January 3, 2019.</ref>

==Foreign policy==

===Strategic Defense Initiative===

Reagan's 1983 [[Strategic Defense Initiative]] became popularly known as "[[Star Wars]]", the name given to it by critics because they thought it was pure fantasy like the popular [[George Lucas]] films. This plan was never fully instituted. Although billions of dollars were spent on development, no space-based missile defense was tested successfully during Reagan's terms in office. However, the main goal was achieved of forcing the Soviets to realize they could no longer compete in the Cold War.

The threat the Soviet Union felt from the SDI initiative forced them to negotiate an end to the arms race, according to many involved with diplomacy at the time and can be seen by following Gorbachev's repeated public insistences that the SDI program be discontinued. [[Henry Kissinger]] wrote:
:''I know it's an axiomatic view of the Left around the world that missile defense is sinful, and that it's desirable to keep each nation as vulnerable as possible. But that's a debatable premise. The U.S. must defend itself against ''whoever'' has missiles that would threaten the United States. And you don't have to be able to name an enemy.''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050308023334/http://www.doublestandards.org/dreifus1.html An interview with Henry Kissinger], by Claudia Dreifus, August 29th, 2001</ref>

===Flight 007===
Reagan was president at the time of the shooting down of [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]]. He termed the shoot-down of an innocent straying passenger plane with 269 passengers and crew, including Congressman [[Larry McDonald]], as a "massacre". The ensuing rage over the tragedy both worldwide and in the U.S. provided support for the deployment of cruise and Pershing ll missiles in West Europe- just six minutes flying time from Moscow.

===Soviet Union===
Shortly after taking office in 1981 Reagan issued National Security Decision Directive 11–82, (NSDD 11-82), that explicitly made U.S. defense spending a form of economic warfare against the Soviets. The directive was known more unofficially as the Reagan Initiative, and was an incorporation of the principle of [[Peace through strength]].

The United States would "exploit and demonstrate the enduring economic advantages of the West to develop a variety of [arms] systems that are difficult for the Soviets to counter, impose disproportionate costs, open up new areas of major military competition and obsolesce previous Soviet investment or employ sophisticated strategic options to achieve this end. Reagan's [[Strategic Defense Initiative]] (SDI), or "Star Wars" as the media referred to it, was a costly high-tech research and development program designed to make arms spending a "rising burden on the Soviet economy."<ref>Peter Schweizer , [http://www.reason.com/news/show/28929.html ''Reagan's War: The Epic Story of His Forty Year Struggle and Final Triumph Over Communism''], New York: Doubleday, 2002.</ref>
The Reagan Initiative was also concerned with aiding nations in active conflict with the Soviet Union. One such group was the [[mujahideen]] of Afghanistan who were given anti-aircraft missiles to fight the Soviet invaders.

A report by the CIA of the critical domestic economic problems and social discontent Soviet General Secretary Gorbachev provided a look what the sources of his principal dilemma-the very reforms needed to deal with the problems would threaten preservation of the [[nomenklatura]] and put at risk Gorbachev's ability to maintain the power to bring about [[Perestroika]].<ref>CIA Assessments of the Soviet Union: [https://www.cia.gov/csi/monograph/russia/enter.html Chapter 5, Enter Gorbachev ], Douglas J. MacEachin, CIA Publications, 1996.</ref>

====Reykjavík Summit====
[[Image:Photo 4 250.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Reagan and Gorbachev at Reykjavik]]
{{main|Reykjavík Summit}}

Gorbachev requested a Summit with Reagan in Reykjavik in October 1986 to discuss the stresses competition from Reagan's defense posture was having on Soviet military spending and economy, and Gorbachev's ability to carryout his plans of restructuring Communist control. Gorbachev told the [[Politburo]] in preparation for the Summit, "Our goal is to prevent the next round of arms race. If we do not do this ... will pulled into an arms race beyond our power, and we will lose this race, for we are presently at the limit of out capabilities."<ref>Notes of Politburo Meeting 4 October 1986, [https://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/22/documents/reykjavik/ Gorbachev's instructions for the group preparing for Reykjavik]</ref>

Initially, Reagan recognized that the Soviets were offering a bad deal at the [[Reykjavík Summit]], so he walked away from the table.<ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/423381/reagans-lesson-obama-no-agreement-better-bad-agreement-thom-tillis Reagan's Lesson to Obama: 'No Agreement Is Better Than a Bad Agreement'], [[National Review]]</ref>

A year later, the ''Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF)'', which was signed by Reagan and Gorbachev on December 8, 1987.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/12/newsid_3732000/3732902.stm 1986: Reykjavik summit ends in failure], [[BBC]]</ref>

===Dealing with the Soviets===
Gorbachev, weakened by his nation's economic [[malaise]], frightened by SDI, and committed to reforming the Soviet system before it collapsed, realized he had to end the Cold War to save Communism. Reagan proved willing to deal, but had to face three sources of criticism inside the U.S. The political right represented by the ''[[National Review]]'' and columnists such as [[George F. Will]] feared it was all a Soviet trap. Reagan used his enormous influence within the conservative movement to disarm these critics before disarming the Russians. Second were the "realists", led by Nixon and Henry A. Kissinger, who thought Reagan was going too far. The third group comprised segments of the intelligence community and military; they did not believe that the Soviet Union was as weak as Reagan and secretary of state, George P. Shultz, believed. Reagan, reelected in a landslide and at the peak of his power, pushed ahead with a series of agreements that effectively weakened the Soviet Empire and made it clear America had the initiative.<ref>James Mann, ''The Rebellion of Ronald Reagan'' (2009)</ref>

By the late 1980s, the Soviet Union began unilateral force cuts and troop withdrawals from Eastern Europe, and by May 1989 an unprecedented series of disclosures by senior Soviet officials revealed actual reductions in defense spending for the 1986-1990 and 1991-1995 Five Year Plan periods.<ref>Christopher Wilkinson NATO Review, [http://www.nato.int/docu/review/1991/9102-4.htm Soviet Defense Spending], NATO's Economics Directorate No. 2 - April 1991, Vol. 39 p. 16-22</ref> Genrikh Grofimenko, a former adviser to [[Leonid Brezhnev]], said "Ninety-nine percent of the Russian people believe that [the US] won the Cold War because of your president's insistence on SDI".<ref>Peter Schweizer, ''Reagan’s War''.</ref> Gennady Gerasimov, the Soviet Foreign Ministry's top spokesman during the 1980s, said "Reagan's SDI was a very successful blackmail. The Soviet economy couldn't endure such competition."<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122478630951963297 Freedom's Team], [[Wall Street Journal]]</ref>

Reagan also brought about the collapse of the [[Berlin Wall]], which was a symbol of [[communism]] and oppressed the [[freedom]] of East Berliners that wanted to move to West Berlin.

===Containment and the Iranian initiative===
[[Image:C26887-26.jpg|right|250px|thumb|President Reagan being sworn in for second term in the rotunda at the U.S. Capitol, 1/21/85]]
{{main|Containment}}

In 1985, after Reagan won reelection to his second term, the focus turned from reviving the domestic economy to several foreign policy matters which had been lingering throughout the decade. One such matter involved Iran, a longtime ally of the Western Allies since 1941 that had experienced an [[Islamic Revolution]] in 1979 after President Carter announced [[Human Rights]] had superseded [[Containment]] as the primary focus of American foreign policy. Since 1980, Iran had been enmeshed in a brutal trench war with neighboring Iraq which was emerging as a potent military threat in the region to other allies. Members of the National Security Council staff, along with CIA Director [[William Casey]], persuaded Reagan much could be gained and several problems could be addressed simultaneously with an overture to Iran to restore relations.

The objective of the plan was fourfold:
#Take steps to restore good relations with the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]] which was becoming increasingly hostile to the West;
#Take measures to convince Iran that Israel could become a friend and ally;
#Insurance against Iraq becoming too strong which would become a threat to [[Kuwait]] or [[Saudi Arabia]];
#Provide funding for other operations to continue the policy of containment in the Western Hemisphere, most notably [[Nicaragua]], and the violence the Soviet/Cuban/Nicaragua connection was creating in [[El Salvador]] and [[Honduras]].

There were humanitarian aspects to the proposal as well; (1) the [[Iran-Iraq War]] had stalemated for nearly six years and Reagan was advised that he was in the unique position as president to help facilitate bringing a senseless war with much suffering to an end; (2) the suffering of the people of the Central American Republics at the hands of Soviet-inspired subversion which had in the decade of the '80s established a beachhead in North America; (3) Iran perhaps could be persuaded to use its good offices to influence hostage-takers in [[Lebanon]] who had held several Western prisoners, many of them Christian Missionaries, for several years.

Reports had filtered back to Reagan that children as young as nine years old had been used by Iran to clear minefields.<ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/iran-iraq.htm Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988), ''Iraqi Retreats, 1982-84''], Globalsecurity.org, retrieved 20 March 2007.</ref> In weighing Iraq's delicate Sunni/Shia balance and the growing threat of Iranian-sponsored terrorism, the NSC staff and Casey recognized the dangers of an Iraqi collapse as well as the urgent need to dissuade Iran from continuing its ruthless and inhumane tactics.<ref>[http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB82/iraq53.pdf NSDD 139, 5 April 1984].</ref>

The [[Boland amendment]], a Vietnam era-style Congressional impingement on the legitimate foreign policy prerogatives of the Executive via the power of the purse, was used to deny Reagan's recommitment to the [[Truman Doctrine]] which had been adhered to by every President, Democratic and Republican alike since Truman, with the exception of [[President Carter]] whose [[human rights]] policy had brought one of the active belligerents, the [[Ayatollah Khomeini]], to power. In three of the active Soviet fronts, [[Afghanistan]], [[Nicaragua]], and [[El Salvador]], some Congressional Democratic leaders were openly sympathetic to Soviet foreign policy.<ref>[https://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/004/591eifow.asp ''One Weekend in April, A Long Time Ago ... What John Kerry thought about the Sandinista in Nicaragua''], Hugh Hewitt, The Weekly Standard, 09/09/2004.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060331222819/www.newsmax.com/archives/ic/2004/6/7/234527.shtml ''Kerry: 'I'm Proud I Stood Against Reagan''] Carl Limbacher and NewsMax.com Staff, 7 June 2004.</ref> So the decision was made to fund [[Containment]] of Soviet objectives on an active front in North America with sales of TOW missiles to Iran. Israel provided the TOWs because the [[Boland Amendment]] forbade direct US funding and it was a welcome opportunity for Israel to build bridges to a much-needed friend in the Middle East.

The operation was known as the "[[Iran-Contra affair]]." After word got out about the operation in November 1986, investigations were made, leading to the convictions of several members of the Reagan administration. President Reagan himself testified before the Tower Commission that he had poor recollection of the details of the operation due in part to the heavy pain medications he had been on in that period.

===Nicaragua===
In 1981 Robert McFarlane, then assistant to the Secretary of State proposed a coordinated covert political, economic, and military approach to the pro-Communist [[Sandinista]] government in Nicaragua and the insurgency in El Salvador, led by [[Daniel Ortega]]. His proposal was approved in January 1982, in "National Security Directive 17," which provided for a $20 million program against the Sandinista government and gave the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA) responsibility for organizing a five-hundred-man "interdiction" force.<ref>See [http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/nsdd/nsdd-017.htm Portions online]</ref> Democrats in Congress began voicing opposition in 1982; Reagan and Congress were in constant battle until 1987, when all five Central American heads of state signed a peace accord. The Sandinistas and Contras signed a cease-fire agreement in 1988, and in 1991 democratic elections overthrew the Sandinista regime.<ref>James M. Scott, "Interbranch Rivalry and the Reagan Doctrine in Nicaragua." ''Political Science Quarterly'' 1997 112(2): 237-260.</ref>

===Beirut===
During the Lebanese Civil War, Reagan sent peacekeeping forces as a part of a multinational force to Beirut. On October 23, 1983, the barracks were bombed. As a result of the bombing, 241 Americans were killed.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1697&dat=19860827&id=ljQqAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZUcEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6550,6530129&hl=en Reagan says worst mistake involved Marines in Beirut]</ref> The Embassy was also attacked, which resulted in the deaths of 63 people, 17 of which were Americans.<ref>[http://www.deseretnews.com/article/515039782/1983-Beirut-bomb-began-era-of-terror.html?pg=all 1983 Beirut bomb began era of terror]</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/1023.html Beirut Death Toll at 161 Americans; French Casualties Rise in Bombings; Reagan Insists Marines Will Remain], [[New York Times]]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=BMnUBQJBbgIC&pg=PT157 Seven Events That Made America America: And Proved That the Founding Fathers Were Right All Along], by Larry Schweikart</ref>

===Grenada===
On March 13, 1979, the New Joint Endeavor for Welfare, Education, and Liberation Movement (New Jewel Movement—NJM), ousted Sir Eric Gairy in a coup and established a People's Revolutionary Government (PRG) headed by Maurice Bishop, who became Prime Minister of [[Grenada]]. His Marxist–Leninist government established close ties with Cuba, the Soviet Union, and other communist bloc countries.

In October 1983, a power struggle within the government resulted in the arrest and execution of Bishop and several members of his cabinet and the killing of dozens of his supporters by elements of the People's Revolutionary Army (PRA).

A U.S.-Caribbean force landed on Grenada on October 25, 1983, for Operation Urgent Fury, in response to an appeal from the Governor General and to a request for assistance from Barbados and other Eastern Caribbean states. U.S. citizens were evacuated, and order was restored.

An advisory council named by the Governor General administered the country until general elections were held in December 1984. The New National Party (NNP) led by Herbert Blaize won 14 out of 15 seats in free and fair elections and formed a democratic government. Grenada's constitution had been suspended in 1979 by the PRG, but it was restored after the 1984 elections.

===Cold War victory===
[[Image:300px-ReaganBerlinWall.jpg‎|right|275px|thumb|"Mr.Gorbachev, tear down this wall!"]] Reagan is credited for ending the [[Cold War]] in victory for the United States. Historian Tony Judt in ''Postwar'' credits Soviet leader [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], while the political scientist Jan Kubik presents a viewpoint that credits [[Pope John Paul II]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080221230216/http://praguepost.com/articles/2007/02/28/letters-to-the-editor.php Letters to the Editor]</ref> Other historians contend structural weaknesses within the Communist bloc meant Reagan's actions were inconsequential to the end of [[communism]]. This is the view adopted by [[Russia]]ns themselves, and many political historians, citing ''[[perestroika]]'' and ''[[glasnost]]'' as beginning an inevitable slow fading of central power, and a collapse by irreconcilable differences between the central Soviet [[Politburo]] and the constituent republics, especially the [[Ukraine]].<ref>David Remnick, "Lenin's Tomb</ref> In the end, the consensus seems to point to all of the above, that hastened the demise of the Soviet Union; Internal factors, religious pressure brought by the Pope, Gorbachev's "Perestroika" and the united front of Ronald Reagan and [[Margaret Thatcher]], leading [[NATO]] and [[the West]] to embed a [[SDI|missile defense system]] in [[Western Europe]], and the economic superiority of [[Capitalism]], which simply out-spent and out-performed that of the Communist one.

One thing that cannot be quantified is Reagan's ability to give [[hope]], his never-ending optimism that good would indeed triumph over evil.<ref>[http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/us/2015/March/That-Time-the-President-Spoke-Truth-about-Our-Enemies/?Print=true That Time the President Spoke Truth about Our Enemies], [[Christian Broadcasting Network]]</ref> Many see that as key to bringing extra confidence to those locked behind the "[[Iron Curtain]]" to press even harder for reforms.

Columnist Cal Thomas wrote about it like this:

{{cquote|'''''He proved he was right about the big things.'' Faced with editorial denunciations at home and massive demonstrations in [[Europe]] against his plan to put missiles there to offset a [[Soviet]] threat, Reagan went ahead and did it anyway. The Soviets could not keep pace with the buildup or Reagan's proposed missile defense system (derided by insincere and dangerous critics as "[[Star Wars]]"). ''When those critics could not bring themselves to admit they were wrong, they unpersuasively claimed the Soviet Union fell under its own weight.'' More accurately, Reagan pushed it onto "the ash heap of history," with the able assistance of British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and [[Pope John Paul II]]. What Reagan did more than anything else - and it will be his lasting legacy - is replace [[despair]] with hope. Most people, even his detractors, felt a glow from being in his presence.

'''''He was the kindest, most gracious president I have met, and I have met them all since JFK. In his presence you felt he was interested in you and not himself. He was a good man.''''' <ref>[http://www.townhall.com/columnists/CalThomas/2004/06/07/ronald_reagans_wonderful_life Ronald Reagan's wonderful life], [[Townhall]]</ref>}}

[[Brian Mulroney]], the [[Canada|Canadian]] Prime Minister, Eulogized Reagan at his state funeral:
{{cquote|'''Some in the West during the early 1980s believed communism and democracy were equally valid and viable. This was the school of "[[moral equivalence]]." In contrast Ronald Reagan saw Soviet Communism as a menace to be confronted in the genuine belief that its squalid underpinning would fall swiftly to the gathering winds of [[freedom]]. Provided, as he said, that NATO and the industrialized democracies stood firm and united. They did. ''And we know now who was right.'''''<ref>[http://reagan2020.us/eulogies/mulroney.asp Brian Mulroney on Ronald Reagan]</ref>}}

Former Reagan speech writer [[Peggy Noonan]] paid tribute to the fallen president in a [[Wall Street Journal]] editorial. In it, Noonan noted:
{{Cquote|'''Ronald Reagan told the truth to a world made weary by lies. He believed truth was the only platform on which a better future could be built. He shocked the world when he called the Soviet Union ‘evil,’ because it was, and an 'empire,' because it was that, too. He never stopped bringing his message to the people of the world, to Europe and China and in the end the Soviet Union. And when it was over, the Berlin Wall had been turned into a million concrete souvenirs, and Soviet communism had fallen. But of course, it didn’t fall. It was pushed. By Mr. Know-Nothing-Cowboy-Gunslinger-Dimwit. ''All presidents should be so stupid...'''''<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB108656337732830162 Thanks from a Grateful Country], [[WSJ]]</ref>}}

Reagan earned the undying animosity of leftists by not only saving capitalism by destroying the socialist [[Great Society]] programs, before he left office the two communist monoliths, Russia and China, converted to capitalism. America had fought two horrible, violent wars in Korea and Vietnam against the spread of leftist ideology and institutions, to a stalemate. Reagan saved the planet from communist slavery, and Democrats hated him for it.

===Libya===
In the 1980s, [[Muammar al-Gaddafi]] became a sponsor of [[terrorism]]. President [[Ronald Reagan]] ordered a retaliatory bombing of his palace and key Libyan targets in April 1986 during Operation El Dorado Canyon. At the time, Gaddafi, [[Fidel Castro]], and [[Leonid Brezhnev]] were considered to be an "unholy trinity".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=rVXuAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22unholy+trinity%22&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22unholy+trinity%22 Time Inc., 1982], [[Time Magazine]]</ref>
[[Image:Reagan and Thatcher.jpg‎|right|225px|thumb|Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher at the [[White House]]]]
===Thatcher on Reagan===

Upon his death, [[Margaret Thatcher]], in very ill health from a series of strokes, insisted upon traveling to America to bid farewell to her old friend, and taped a stirring tribute to him:
{{cquote|'''As Prime Minister, I worked closely with Ronald Reagan for eight of the most important years of all our lives. We talked regularly both before and after his presidency. And I have had time and cause to reflect on what made him a great president. Ronald Reagan knew his own mind. He had firm principles - and, I believe, right ones. He expounded them clearly, he acted upon them decisively. ''When the world threw problems at the White House, he was not baffled, or disorientated, or overwhelmed. He knew almost instinctively what to do.'''''

'''When his aides were preparing option papers for his decision, they were able to cut out entire rafts of proposals that they knew 'the Old Man' would never wear. When his allies came under Soviet or domestic pressure, they could look confidently to Washington for firm leadership. And when his enemies tested American resolve, they soon discovered that his resolve was firm and unyielding. ''Yet his ideas, though clear, were never simplistic. He saw the many sides of truth.'' Yes, he warned that the Soviet Union had an insatiable drive for military power and territorial expansion; but he also sensed it was being eaten away by systemic failures impossible to reform. Yes, he did not shrink from denouncing Moscow's 'evil empire'.'''

'''But he realized that a man of goodwill might nonetheless emerge from within its dark corridors. So the President resisted Soviet expansion and pressed down on Soviet weakness at every point until the day came when communism began to collapse beneath the combined weight of these pressures and its own failures. And when a man of goodwill did emerge from the ruins, President Reagan stepped forward to shake his hand and to offer sincere cooperation. ''Nothing was more typical of Ronald Reagan than that large-hearted magnanimity - and nothing was more American.'''''<ref>[http://reagan2020.us/eulogies/thatcher.asp Margaret Thatcher on Ronald Reagan]</ref>}}

==Post-presidency==
[[Image:5.jpg|left|thumb|250px|President Bush presents the Medal of Freedom Award to Former President Ronald Reagan in the East Room of the White House, 01/13/93]]
Reagan retired to California. He would occasionally involve himself in politics, including a speech in Britain addressing the [[Tiananmen Square massacre]], and an address at the 1992 Republican National Convention.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/14/world/reagan-gets-a-red-carpet-from-british.html Reagan Gets A Red Carpet From British], [[The New York Times]], June 14, 1989, "''You cannot massacre an idea, you cannot run tanks over hope. You cannot riddle a people's yearning with bullets. Those heroic Chinese students who gave their lives have released the spirit of democracy and it cannot be called back. That spirit is loose upon the world this spring''."</ref><ref>[http://www.nbcuniversalarchives.com/nbcuni/clip/5112542724_007.do President Reagan Speaks Out on Tiananmen Square Massacre], [[NBC]]</ref>

At a speech in front of the National Association of Broadcasters on April 13, 1992, Reagan was assaulted by a radical anti-nuclear protester masquerading as a press agent.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/16/us/protester-at-reagan-speech-had-press-credentials.html Protester at Reagan Speech Had Press Credentials], [[The New York Times]]</ref> The protester, identified as Rick Paul Springer, was the founder of a group called ''The 100th Monkey''.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1993-07-16/news/mn-13621_1_las-vegas Man Who Disrupted Reagan Speech Flees 4-Month Jail Term]</ref> At the event, Reagan was awarded a 2-foot statue for his contributions to broadcasting, made out of crystal weighing nearly 30 pounds.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/14/us/reagan-unhurt-after-man-smashes-30-pound-statue.html Reagan Unhurt After Man Smashes 30-Pound Statue], [[The New York Times]]</ref> When Springer smashed the statue, some shards did hit Reagan, but he was not hurt.

After the secret service rushed the man off stage, Reagan asked the crowd "Was that a democrat by chance?",<ref>[http://www.deseretnews.com/article/221028/NUCLEAR-PROTESTER-RUSHES-REAGAN-SMASHES-STATUE.html?pg=all NUCLEAR PROTESTER RUSHES REAGAN, SMASHES STATUE]</ref> to which the crowd burst into laughter.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NaLMmcY3vs0 President Reagan Attacked at NAB Convention Las Vegas April 1992 480p], [[CBS News]] video from 1992</ref> A spokesman for the [[Secret Service]] said that he was not sure how Springer got so close to Reagan to begin with.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1992-04-19/news/vw-684_1_secret-service-protection How Do You Really Protect a President?], [[Los Angeles Times]]</ref>

On January 13, 1993 President George H. W. Bush awarded Reagan the Presidential [[Medal of Freedom]]. Reagan was becoming increasingly forgetful. His last public appearance was on April 27, 1994, at the funeral for President Richard Nixon.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ewc1V-KnRMYC&pg=PA182 Ronald Reagan: A Biography]</ref> In November 1994, he announced that he had been diagnosed in August with [[Alzheimer's disease]], a degenerative nerve disorder that annihilates the victim's mental capacity.

([[See Reagan's letter to the American people regarding his disease.]])

He died at his [[Los Angeles|Bel Air]] home on June 5, 2004 at the age of 93, making him the second-longest lived president in history after [[Gerald Ford]]. Reagan was buried at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation and Library, located in Simi Valley, California, on June 11, 2004.<ref>[http://www.reaganfoundation.org/listviewf.aspx?session_args=NCrq/CB0Nbp/onw6gOr7mg==&p=LM2002EX&tx=13&h1=7&h2=3&sw=lm_exhibit&lm=libraryandmuseum&args_a=cms&args_b=32&argsb=N Exhibitions]</ref>

==Legacy and Honors==
[[Image:Reagan at the Rotunda.jpg|right|thumb|150px|The State of California donated a statue of Reagan to the [[National Statuary Hall Collection]] in 2009. The statue is currently in the Rotunda.<ref>[https://www.aoc.gov/capitol-hill/national-statuary-hall-collection/ronald-wilson-reagan Ronald Wilson Reagan]</ref>]]
There is growing consensus among scholars, both conservative and liberal, that he was the most influential president since [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]. Reagan left a major imprint on American politics, diplomacy, culture, and economics.<ref>"As of this writing, among academic historians, the Reagan revisionists—who view the 1980s as an era of mixed blessings at worst, and of great forward strides in some renditions—hold the field," reports Doug Rossinow, "Talking Points Memo," in American Quarterly 59.4 (2007) p. 1279. For more historiographical support see: Troy (2009); Hayward (2009); Wilentz (2008); also Charles L. Ponce de Leon, "The New Historiography of the 1980s" in ''Reviews in American History,'' Volume 36, Number 2, June 2008, pp. 303-314; Whitney Strub, "Further into the Right: The Ever-Expanding Historiography of the U.S. New Right," ''Journal of Social History,'' Volume 42, Number 1, Fall 2008, pp. 183-194; Kim Phillips-Fein, "Ronald Reagan: Fate, Freedom, and Making of History," ''Enterprise & Society'', Volume 8, Number 4, December 2007, pp. 986-988.</ref>

On March 26, 1982, Reagan's boyhood home in Dixon, Illinois<ref>[https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/presidents/ronald_reagan_boyhood_home.html Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home]</ref> was added to the National Register of Historic Places.<ref>[http://www.discoverdixon.org/dixon-community/70-reagan-s-roots.html Reagan's Roots]</ref> In 2002, Congress authorized<ref>[https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/400/text/pl To authorize the Secretary of the Interior to establish the Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home National Historic Site, and for other purposes]</ref> the purchase of the property and placed under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service.<ref>[http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2002-02-07/news/0202070346_1_boyhood-home-reagan-home-historic-site Reagan home is a historic site], [[Chicago Tribune]]</ref>

Reagan has come to be known by some conservatives as '''Ronaldus Magnus'''.<ref>[http://moonbattery.com/?p=66847 Vintage Christmas Address From Ronaldus Magnus], [[Moonbattery]]</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIAVrsmO_1Q Rush Limbaugh- Tribute To Ronald Reagan Part 1], Segment from the [[Rush Limbaugh]] TV show, February 6, 1996</ref>

The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, [[Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport]], and the aircraft carrier [[USS Ronald Reagan]] (CVN-76) are named in his honor.<ref>[http://www.reagan.navy.mil/ USS Ronald Reagan]</ref><ref>[http://www.uscarriers.net/cvn76history.htm USS RONALD REAGAN], USS ''Ronald Reagan'' CVN 76 official website</ref>

In 2011, the Toyon Park in the [[Anaheim Hills]] area of [[Anaheim]], [[California]] was renamed the Ronald Reagan Park.<ref>{{cite news |first=Eric |last=Carpenter |title=Ronald Reagan gets park named after him |url=https://www.ocregister.com/2011/02/09/ronald-reagan-gets-park-named-after-him/ |publisher=Orange County Register |date=February 9, 2011}}</ref>

[[Edwin Feulner]], one of the founders of the [[Heritage Foundation]], described Reagan's legacy this way: "At a time when patriotism was mocked, he exposed the bankruptcy of modern liberalism and proved that true liberty is still a fighting faith."<ref>[https://www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2004/06/the-legacy-of-ronald-reagan The Legacy of Ronald Reagan], [[Heritage Foundation]]</ref>

Conservatives such as [[Grover Norquist]] and his Reagan Legacy Project have sought to name at least one major structure in each U.S. country after Reagan, resulting in a large number of structures after him.<ref>Moody, Chris; Capachi, Casey (September 15, 2017). [https://www.cnn.com/2015/09/16/politics/ronald-reagan-naming-debate-2016/index.html Why Ronald Reagan's name is everywhere]. ''CNN''. Retrieved September 15, 2017.</ref>

Liberal Democrats have had a certain level of respect for Reagan because of his influential status in American history, though they also frequently weaponize him and his quotes when criticizing conservatives.<ref>Larsen, Emily (July 19, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/unlike-other-democrats-pete-buttigieg-has-no-use-for-ronald-reagans-legacy Unlike other Democrats, Pete Buttigieg has no use for Ronald Reagan’s legacy]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 20, 2019.</ref>

===Conservative Activism===
[[Image:Reagan and Buckley.jpg|left|thumb|250px|President Reagan meets with Conservative icon [[William F. Buckley]]]]
Since Reagan's passing and even prior to it, there has been a concerted effort by [[RINOs]] to make him seem less conservative than he was during his life. There have been plenty of former democrats who switched parties and became Republicans, but few of them spent as much time helping to build the '''conservative movement''' over the decades, as well as keeping the legacy of the [[Founding Fathers]] alive.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2016/04/04/juan-williams-ronald-reagan-loved-founding-fathers.html?intcmp=obinsite Juan Williams: Ronald Reagan loved the Founding Fathers], [[Fox News]]</ref> Prior to the era of the [[Tea Party Movement]], conservative efforts and organizations have come and gone, many of which Reagan stood side by side with. The ''Town Meeting for Freedom'', which sometimes led to accusations of him being a "Bircher";<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=iuaeEX-1yKgC&pg=PA124 The Right Moment: Ronald Reagan's First Victory and the Decisive Turning]</ref> he was a member of ''Project Prayer'', which rallied after the [[Supreme Court]] banned prayer in public schools;<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=7IBuD1fC_tkC&dq=%22project+prayer%22 Ronald Reagan], by George Sullivan</ref> he appeared at rallies for groups like ''Project Alert'' and the ''Christian Anti-Communist Crusade'';<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=-nnsCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT23 Selling Ronald Reagan: The Emergence of a President]</ref> he joined the board of YAF, the [[Young Americans for Freedom]](which later became the [[Young America's Foundation]])<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=fPWPDH-0TZYC&pg=PA67 Reagan's Revolution: The Untold Story of the Campaign That Started It All]</ref> and helped make it a successful organization; and he was open for years about his love for the conservative publication [[Human Events]],<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=C1kvsToagGEC&pg=PA24 President Reagan: The Triumph of Imagination]</ref> which helped to increase its prominence. During the 1970s, Reagan helped transform the [[National Rifle Association]] into what it is today, with Reagan being the first presidential candidate they had endorsed in their then 109-year history.<ref>[http://www.thenation.com/article/how-nra-became-organization-aspiring-vigilantes-part-2/ How the NRA Became an Organization for Aspiring Vigilantes], The [[Nation magazine]]</ref>

To listen to some pundits, journalists, and other political figures, you would think Reagan changed the letter D after his name into the letter R, made a few speeches here and there, and then washed his hands of it. Nothing could be further from the truth. He spent a lifetime in the trenches once he decided to become a conservative. He was all-in. Once Reagan became president, he was not afraid to champion conservative causes, nor talk about his faith and his belief in God. He frequently talked about the importance of religious faith to a free society.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2016/02/06/ronald-reagan-remembering-champion-religious-liberty-on-his-birthday.html Ronald Reagan: Remembering the champion of religious liberty on his birthday], [[Fox News]]</ref>

==Family==
[[File:Reagan Family.jpg|left|160px|thumb|Ronald and Nancy Reagan with Patti Davis, Ron, Maureen, and Michael Reagan, 1976.]]
On January 26, 1940, Reagan married actress Jane Wyman at The Wee Kirk o' the Heather chapel in Glendale, California.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1989-08-13/local/me-908_1_forest-lawn 'Till Death Do Us Part : A Wedding at a Cemetery Might Seem Macabre, but Forest Lawn's 2 Chapels Are Booked 6 Months Ahead], [[Los Angeles Times]]</ref>

Wyman was an Oscar-winning actress for her role in the 1948 movie ''Johnny Belinda''. They had three children together: Maureen Elizabeth Reagan (1941-2001), who passed away from malignant [[melanoma]] within months of diagnosis, at age 60; [[Michael Reagan|Michael Edward Reagan]] (b. 1945-),<ref>Michael Reagan is the adopted son of Wyman and Reagan. See conservapedia.com: "[[Michael Reagan]]"</ref> and Christine Reagan (June 26 & 27, 1947). She was born prematurely and survived only one day. The baby's death traumatized Wyman. In 1948, Wyman (who married a total of four times) divorced Reagan in 1948. Ironically, Wyman was a Republican at the time while Reagan was a Democrat.

A year later, he met actress [[Nancy Davis]] (b. 1921). In 1952 they married at the Little Brown Church in Studio City, California.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2016/03/07/reagans-church-is-big-in-japan/ Reagan's Church in L.A. is 'Big in Japan']</ref> They remained married until his death in 2004. Together they had two children, Patricia "Patti" Ann Davis (b. 1952) and [[Ron P. Reagan|Ronald Prescott Reagan]] (b. 1958).

==Excellent sense of humor==
The opposite of many of today's politicians, Reagan had an excellent sense of humor<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BTIfGFJqLko</ref>. When he had almost been assassinated, he removed his oxygen mask and cracked a joke "I hope you're all Republicans".<ref>https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/i-hope-you-are-all-republicans-john-j-miller/</ref> Reagan also poked fun at his age multiple times, such as when he answered a question in a debate against Walter Mondale about his age his response included the words "I am not going to exploit for political purposes my opponent's youth and inexperience".<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fJhCjMfRndk</ref> The one-liner was so humorous and clever that even Mondale genuinely laughed at it. In addition, Reagan had also once wistfully remarked that the "nine most terrifying words in the English language are 'I'm from the government and I'm here t help'"<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhYJS80MgYA</ref>
==Miscellaneous Facts==
*Reagan was the first president to break the so-called "Curse of Tippecanoe," i.e., the first president elected in a twenty-year cycle who did not die in office (although an attempt was made on his life in 1981).
*At 69, Reagan was the oldest man elected to the presidency for a first term.
*Reagan loved [[jelly bean]]s.<ref>[https://reaganlibrary.archives.gov/archives/reference/jellybellies.html JELLY BELLY JELLY BEANS AND RONALD REAGAN]</ref> The blueberry flavor was made in his honor. [[Jelly Belly]] even created a Ronald Reagan [[portraits|portrait]] out of jelly beans.<ref>[https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2146733/Art-thats-good-eat-Incredible-jelly-bean-portraits-use-10-000-sweets.html Art that’s good enough to eat: Incredible jelly bean portraits that each use more than 10,000 sweets]</ref>
*After his death, some of his closest supporters wished to put him on the $10 bill.<ref>[https://money.cnn.com/2004/06/08/news/economy/reagan_hamilton/index.htm Reagan the new face of the $10 bill?], [[CNN]]</ref>
*Reagan played college football player [[George Gipp]] in the film ''Knute Rockne: All American'' (1940), and was affectionately known as "The Gipper" ever since.<ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/208420/taxing-experience A Taxing Experience], [[National Review]]</ref>
*Reagan signed Proclamation 5018 declaring 1983 the [[Year of the Bible]].
*The booth where Ronald proposed to Nancy from the restaurant ''Chasen's'' is on display at the Reagan Library.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/2003/oct/14/local/me-reagan14 Reagan Library to Roll Out Renovated Galleries, Exhibits]</ref>
*Reagan kept a small plaque on his desk with the words "There is no limit to what a man can do or where he can go if he does not mind who gets the credit".<ref>[https://www.reaganfoundation.org/ronald-reagan/the-presidency/reagan-the-man/ Reagan the Man], Reagan Foundation</ref>

== Quotes ==
{{main|Ronald Reagan Quotes}}

==See also==
* [[Ronald Reagan's First Inaugural Speech]]
* [[Ronald Reagan's 1980 Republican National Convention Speech]]
* [[Ronald Reagan's 1984 Republican National Convention Speech]]
* [[How Ronald Reagan won the Cold War]]
* [[Limited government]]
* [[Conservatives]] and [[Libertarians]]
* [[Encroaching Control: Keep Government Poor and Remain Free]]
* [[Ronald Reagan's speech on KAL 007#Text of the speech|Ronald Reagan's Speech on KAL 007]]
* [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]]
* [[U.S. Peace Council]]
* [[Reagan revolution]]
* [[Richard Clarke]]
* [[List of Conservative or pro-Conservative Hollywood stars]]
* [[Conservative media#Hollywood Conservatives|Hollywood conservatives]]
* [[Essay:List of celebrities who support the Second Amendment]]
* [[Loyal Davis]]
* [[Let Them Go Their Way]] - Reagan's speech to CPAC, 1975
* [[Ronald Reagan's Address to Young Americans for Freedom]], 1975
* [https://mises.org/library/sad-legacy-ronald-reagan-0 Libertarian criticism of Reagan concerning big government]
* [[Kate Smith]], whom Reagan honored with the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] in 1982

==Further reading==
see Bibliography for much more detailed guide.
* Berman, Larry, ed. ''Looking Back on the Reagan Presidency'' (1990), essays by academics
* Busch, Andrew E.; "Ronald Reagan and the Defeat of the Soviet Empire" in ''Presidential Studies Quarterly''. Vol: 27. Issue: 3. 1997. pp 451+. [http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst;jsessionid=HhHYNGdT18XmGxylZNJQhdSjrtry2j8zYD2pLstvcnSLFqC9JzvF!-313427117?docId=5000522864 online edition] by conservative
* Cannon, Lou. ''President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime '' Public Affairs. (2nd ed 2000) 948 pp. best full-length biography [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=88989671 online edition]
* Cannon, Lou. ''Governor Reagan: His Rise to Power'' detailed biography
* Flamm, Michael and John Ehrman. ''Debating the Reagan Presidency'' (2009), key issues explained; includes primary sources
* Berman William C. ''America's Right Turn: From Nixon to Bush.'' (1994).
* Brownlee, W. Elliot and Hugh Davis Graham, eds. ''The Reagan Presidency: Pragmatic Conservatism and Its Legacies'' (2003)
* Campagna; Anthony S. ''The Economy in the Reagan Years: The Economic Consequences of the Reagan Administrations'' Greenwood Press. 1994 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=28144725 online edition], by conservative
* Cannon, Lou. ''Ronald Reagan: The Presidential Portfolio''. (2001) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=101553874 online edition]
* Ehrman, John. ''The Eighties: America in the Age of Reagan.'' (2005), by conservative historian
* Griscom Tom. "Core Ideas of the Reagan Presidency." In Thompson, ed., ''Leadership,'' 23–48.
* Hayward, Steven F. ''The Age of Reagan, 1964-1980: The Fall of the Old Liberal Order'' (2001)
* Hayward, Steven F. ''The Age of Reagan: The Conservative Counterrevolution: 1980-1989'' (2009) [https://www.amazon.com/Age-Reagan-Conservative-Counterrevolution-1980-1989/dp/1400053579/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1258861343&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Hulten Charles R. and Isabel V. Sawhill, eds. ''The Legacy of Reaganomics: Prospects for Long-Term Growth.'' (1994).
* Jones, Charles O. ed. ''The Reagan Legacy: Promise and Performance'' (1988) essays by political scientists
* [http://www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/si/2004/aug/knopfAUG04.asp Jeffrey W. Knopf, "Did Reagan Win the Cold War?"] ''Strategic Insights'', Volume III, Issue 8 (August 2004)
* Kyvig, David. ed. ''Reagan and the World'' (1990), scholarly essays on foreign policy
* Langston, Thomas S. "Reassessing the Reagan Presidency," ''Presidential Studies Quarterly,'' Vol. 34, 2004 [http://www.questia.com/read/5006516145?title=Reassessing%20the%20Reagan%20Presidency online edition]
* Levy, Peter B. ''Encyclopedia of the Reagan-Bush Years'' (1996), short articles [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=77341841 online edition]
* Matlock, Jack. ''Reagan and Gorbachev: How the Cold War Ended.'' (2004) by the conservative US ambassador to Moscow
* Pach, Chester. "The Reagan Doctrine: Principle, Pragmatism, and Policy." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly''(1): 75–88. Fulltext in SwetsWise and Ingenta; Reagan declared in 1985 that the U.S. should not "break faith" with [[anti-Communist]] resistance groups. However, his policies varied as differences in local conditions and US security interests produced divergent policies toward "freedom fighters" in Afghanistan, Nicaragua, Mozambique, Angola, and Cambodia.
* Patterson, James T. ''Restless Giant: The United States from Watergate to Bush vs. Gore.'' (2005), standard scholarly synthesis of the era
* Pemberton, William E. ''Exit with Honor: The Life and Presidency of Ronald Reagan'' (1998) short, favorable biography by historian [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=49534236 online edition]
* Reagan Ronald. ''An American Life.'' (1990). his second autobiography
* Reeves, Richard. ''President Reagan: The Triumph of Imagination'' (2005) detailed analysis by historian
* Sullivan, George.''Mr. President'' (1997). for middle schools
* Schmertz, Eric J. et al. eds. ''Ronald Reagan's America'' 2 Volumes (1997) articles by scholars and officeholders [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=15343830 vol 1 online][http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=28729700 vol 2 online]
* Schweizer, Peter. ''Reagan's War: The Epic Story of His Forty Year Struggle and Final Triumph Over Communism'' (2002), by conservative
* Thomas, Tony. ''The Films of Ronald Reagan'' (1980)
* Troy, Gill. ''Morning in America: How Ronald Reagan Invented the 1980s'' (2004). Study of Reagan's image.
* Troy, Gill. ''The Reagan Revolution: A Very Short Introduction'' (2009) [https://www.amazon.com/Reagan-Revolution-Short-Introduction-Introductions/dp/0195317106/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1258861138&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Wilentz, Sean. ''The Age of Reagan: A History, 1974-2008'' (2008), major narrative history by liberal historian who says Reagan transformed America

==Detailed Bibliography==
===Biographies===
* Benze, Jr. James G. ''Nancy Reagan: On the White House Stage'' (2005), [https://www.amazon.com/Nancy-Reagan-White-Modern-Ladies/dp/070061401X/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317375&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Benze James G. "Nancy Reagan: China Doll or Dragon Lady?" ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 20 (fall 1990): 777-90
* Cannon, Lou. ''President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime '' Public Affairs. (2nd ed 2000) 948 pp. full-length biography [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=88989671 online edition]
* Diggins, John. ''Ronald Reagan‎'' (2008), 528 pages, by leading conservative historian.
* D'Souza, Dinesh. ''Ronald Reagan: How an Ordinary Man Became an Extraordinary Leader'' (1999), popular. [https://www.amazon.com/Ronald-Reagan-Ordinary-Became-Extraordinary/dp/0684848236/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317303&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Evans, Thomas W. ''The Education of Ronald Reagan: The General Electric Years'' (2006) [https://www.amazon.com/Education-Ronald-Reagan-Conversion-Conservatism/dp/0231138601/ref=sr_1_5/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317183&sr=1-5 excerpt and text search]
* Morris, ''Edmund. Dutch: A Memoir of Ronald Reagan'' (1999), includes fictional material [https://www.amazon.com/Dutch-Memoir-Ronald-Edmund-Morris/dp/0375756450/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317223&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Pemberton, William E. ''Exit with Honor: The Life and Presidency of Ronald Reagan'' (1998) short biography by historian [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=49534236 online edition]
* Reeves, Richard. ''President Reagan: The Triumph of Imagination'' (2005) detailed analysis by historian
* Sullivan, George.''Mr. President'' (1997). for middle schools
* Sutcliffe, Jane. ''Ronald Reagan‎'' (2008) 48 pages; for elementary school; [https://books.google.com/books?id=_H_u21ebGcsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:reagan&lr=&as_drrb_is=b&as_minm_is=1&as_miny_is=2007&as_maxm_is=12&as_maxy_is=2009&num=30&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES excerpt and text search]

===Reagan before 1981===
* Brennan Mary C. ''Turning Right in the Sixties: The Conservative Capture of the GOP.'' University of North Carolina Press, 1995
* Burbank, Garin. "Governor Reagan and California Welfare Reform: the Grand Compromise of 1971." ''California History'' 1991 70(3): 278–289. Issn: 0162-2897
* Burbank, Garin. "Governor Reagan's Only Defeat: The Proposition 1 Campaign in 1973." ''California History'' 72 (winter 1993-94): 360–73.
* Burbank, Garin. "Speaker Moretti, Governor Reagan, and the Search for Tax Reform in California, 1970-1972" ''The Pacific Historical Review'' Vol. 61, No. 2 (May, 1992), pp. 193–214 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0030-8684%28199205%2961%3A2%3C193%3ASMGRAT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-E online in JSTOR]
* Cannon, Lou. ''Governor Reagan: His Rise to Power'' Public Affairs. detailed biography [https://www.amazon.com/Governor-Reagan-His-Rise-Power/dp/1586480308/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317275&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Dallek, Matthew. ''The Right Moment: Ronald Reagan's First Victory and the Decisive Turning Point in American Politics.'' (2004). Study of 1966 election as governor.
* DeGroot, Gerard J. "'A Goddamned Electable Person': the 1966 California Gubernatorial Campaign of Ronald Reagan." ''History'' 1997 82(267): 429–448. Issn: 0018-2648 Fulltext: in Swetswise, Ingenta and Ebsco
* DeGroot, Gerard J. "Ronald Reagan and Student Unrest in California, 1966-1970." ''Pacific Historical Review'' 1996 65(1): 107–129. Issn: 0030-8684 Fulltext: in Jstor
* Drew, Elizabeth. ''Portrait of an Election: The 1980 Presidential Campaign.'' (1981).
* Ferguson, Thomas and Joel Rogers, eds. ''The Hidden Election: Politics and Economics in the 1980 Presidential Campaign,'' 1981.
* Germond, Jack W. and Jules Witcover. ''Blue Smoke & Mirrors: How Reagan Won & Why Carter Lost the Election of 1980''. (1981). Detailed journalism.
* Hayward, Steven F. ''The Age of Reagan, 1964-1980: The Fall of the Old Liberal Order'' (2001)
* Hayward, Steven F. ''The Age of Reagan: The Conservative Counterrevolution: 1980-1989'' (2009) [https://www.amazon.com/Age-Reagan-Conservative-Counterrevolution-1980-1989/dp/1400053579/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1258861343&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Hamilton Gary G., and Nicole Woolsey Biggart. ''Governor Reagan, Governor Brown: A Sociology of executive Power.'' (1984).
* Moore, Glen. "Ronald W. Reagan's Campaign for the Republican Party's 1968 Presidential Nomination." ''Proceedings and Papers of the Georgia Association of Historians'' (1992) 12[i.e., 13]: 57–70. Issn: 0275-3863

===Politics and Domestic issues ===
* Aldrich, John H., and David W. Rohde. ''Change and Continuity in the 1984 Elections.'' (1987)
* Amaker Norman C. ''Civil Rights and the Reagan Administration.'' Urban Institute Press, 1988
* Berman, Larry, ed. ''Looking Back on the Reagan Presidency'' (1990), essays by academics
* Berman William C. ''America's Right Turn: From Nixon to Bush.'' Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.
* Birnbaum Jeffrey H., and Alan S. Murray. ''Showdown at Gucci Gulch: Lawmakers, Lobbyists, and the Unlikely Triumph of Tax Reform.'' 1987.
* Boskin Michael J. ''Reagan and the Economy: The Successes, Failures, and Unfinished Agenda.'' ICS Press, 1987.
* Brownlee, W. Elliot and Hugh Davis Graham, eds. ''The Reagan Presidency: Pragmatic Conservatism and Its Legacies'' (2003)
* Busch, Andrew E. ''Reagan's Victory: The Presidential Election of 1980 and the Rise of the Right,'' (2005) [http://www.claremont.org/publications/crb/id.1103/article_detail.asp online review by Michael Barone]
* Campagna; Anthony S. ''The Economy in the Reagan Years: The Economic Consequences of the Reagan Administrations'' Greenwood Press. 1994 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=28144725 online edition]
* Cannon, Lou. ''Ronald Reagan: The Presidential Portfolio''. Public Affairs. (2001) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=101553874 online edition]
* Cook, Daniel M. and Polsky, Andrew J. "Political Time Reconsidered: Unbuilding and Rebuilding the State under the Reagan Administration." ''American Politics Research''(4): 577–605. ISSN 1532-673X Fulltext in SwetsWise. Argues Reagan slowed enforcement of pollution laws and transformed the national education agenda.
* Derthick Martha, and Paul J. Quirk. ''The Politics of Deregulation.'' Brookings Institution, 1985
* Detlefsen, Robert R. ''Civil Rights under Reagan'' Institute for Contemporary Studies, 1991 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=85749844 online edition]
* Eads George C., and Michael Fix, eds. ''The Reagan Regulatory Strategy: An Assessment.'' Urban Institute Press, 1984
* Ehrman, John. ''The Eighties: America in the Age of Reagan.'' (2005)
* Evans Rowland, and Robert Novak. ''The Reagan Revolution.'' 1991.
* Ferguson Thomas, and Joel Rogers, ''Right Turn: The Decline of the Democrats and the Future of American Politics'' 1986.
* Germond Jack W., and Jules Witcover. ''Wake Us When It's Over: Presidential Politics of 1984.'' 1985.
* Marshall R. Goodman; ''Managing Regulatory Reform: The Reagan Strategy and Its Impact'' Praeger Publishers, 1987 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=43165555 online edition]
* Greider William. ''The Education of David Stockman and Other Americans.'' 1982. Stockman was Reagan's budget chief
* Griscom Tom. "Core Ideas of the Reagan Presidency." In Thompson, ed., ''Leadership,'' 23–48.
* Hulten Charles R. and Isabel V. Sawhill, eds. ''The Legacy of Reaganomics: Prospects for Long-Term Growth.'' C.: Urban Institute Press, 1994.
* Johnson, Haynes. ''Sleepwalking through History: America in the Reagan Years'' (1991) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=104836392 online edition]
* Jones, Charles O. ed. ''The Reagan Legacy: Promise and Performance'' (1988) essays by political scientists
* Karier, Thomas. ''Great Experiments in American Economic Policy: From Kennedy to Reagan'' (1997) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=15083874 online edition]
* Laham, Nicholas. ''The Reagan Presidency and the Politics of Race: In Pursuit of Colorblind Justice and Limited Government'' 1998. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=14220230 online edition]
* Levy, Peter B. ''Encyclopedia of the Reagan-Bush Years'' (1996), short articles [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=77341841 online edition]
* Minarik Joseph J. ''Making America's Budget Policy. From the 1980s to the 1990s.'' M. E. Sharpe, 1990.
* Palmer, John L., and Isabel V. Sawhill. ''The Reagan Record,'' 1984. economics and sociology
* Patterson, James T. ''Restless Giant: The United States from Watergate to Bush vs. Gore.'' (2005), standard scholarly synthesis.
* Rayack; Elton. ''Not So Free to Choose: The Political Economy of Milton Friedman and Ronald Reagan'' (1987) hostile critique [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=24670801 online edition]
* Sahu, Anandi P. and Ronald L. Tracy; ''The Economic Legacy of the Reagan Years: Euphoria or Chaos?'' Praeger Publishers, 1991 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=59361760 online edition]
* Salamon Lester M., and Michael S. Lund. eds. ''The Reagan Presidency and the Governing of America'' 1985. articles by political scientists
* Schmertz, Eric J. et al. eds. ''Ronald Reagan's America'' 2 Volumes (1997) articles by scholars and officeholders [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=15343830 vol 1 online][http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=28729700 vol 2 online]
* Shirley, Craig. ''Reagan's Revolution: The Untold Story of the Campaign That Started It All'' (2005) on 1976 campaign; [https://www.amazon.com/Reagans-Revolution-Untold-Campaign-Started/dp/0785260498/ref=pd_cp_b_1?pf_rd_p=413864201&pf_rd_s=center-41&pf_rd_t=201&pf_rd_i=0700614087&pf_rd_m=ATVPDKIKX0DER&pf_rd_r=0SWJK392VVCTPEDPDKJE excerpt and text search]
* Weatherford, M. Stephen and Mcdonnell, Lorraine M. "Ronald Reagan as Legislative Advocate: Passing the Reagan Revolution's Budgets in 1981 and 1982." ''Congress & the Presidency'' (2005) 32:1 pp 1–29. Fulltext in Ebsco; Argues RR ignored the details but played a guiding role in setting major policies and adjudicating significant trade-offs, and in securing Congressional approval.

===Foreign affairs===
* Arnson, Cynthia J. ''Crossroads: Congress, the Reagan Administration, and Central America'' Pantheon, 1989.
* Baucom Donald R. ''The Origins of SDI, 1944-1983.'' University Press of Kansas, 1992.
* Bell Coral. ''The Reagan Paradox: American Foreign Policy in the 1980s.'' Rutgers University Press, 1989.
* Beschloss Michael R., and Strobe Talbott. ''At the Highest Levels: The Inside Story of the End of the Cold War.'' 1993
* Busch, Andrew E.; "Ronald Reagan and the Defeat of the Soviet Empire" in ''Presidential Studies Quarterly''. Vol: 27. Issue: 3. 1997. pp 451+.
* Dobson, Alan P. "The Reagan Administration, Economic Warfare, and Starting to Close down the Cold War." ''Diplomatic History''(3): 531–556. Fulltext in SwetsWise, Ingenta and Ebsco. Argues Reagan's public rhetoric against the USSR was harsh and uncompromising, giving rise to the idea that his administration sought to employ a US defense buildup and NATO economic sanctions to bring about the collapse of the USSR. Yet many statements by Reagan and Shultz suggest they desired negotiation with the Soviets from a position of American strength, not the eventual demise of the USSR.
* Draper, Theodore. '' A Very Thin Line: The Iran-Contra Affair'' (1991)
* Fitzgerald, Frances. ''Way Out There in the Blue: Reagan, Star Wars and the End of the Cold War''. political history of S.D.I. (2000). ISBN.
* Ford, Christopher A. and Rosenberg, David A. "The Naval Intelligence Underpinnings of Reagan's Maritime Strategy." ''Journal of Strategic Studies''(2): 379–409. Fulltext in Ingenta and Ebsco; Reagan's maritime strategy sought to apply US naval might against Soviet vulnerabilities on its maritime flanks. It was supported by a major buildup of US naval forces and aggressive exercising in seas proximate to the USSR; it explicitly targeted Moscow's strategic missile submarines with the aim of pressuring the Kremlin during crises or the early phases of global war. The maritime strategy represents one of the rare instances in history when intelligence helped lead a nation to completely revise its concept of military operations.
* Garthoff, Raymond L. ''The Great Transition: American-Soviet Relations and the End of the Cold War'' (1994), detailed narrative by a hostile critic [http://www.questia.com/read/29069917?title=The%20Great%20Transition%3a%20American-Soviet%20Relations%20and%20the%20End%20of%20the%20Cold%20War online edition]
* Haftendorn, Helga and Jakob Schissler, eds. ''The Reagan Administration: A Reconstruction of American Strength?'' Berlin: Walter de Guyer, 1988. by European scholars
* Hall, David Locke. ''The Reagan Wars: A Constitutional Perspective on War Powers and the Presidency'' Westview Press, 1991 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=87551275 online edition]
* [http://www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/si/2004/aug/knopfAUG04.asp Jeffrey W. Knopf, "Did Reagan Win the Cold War?"] ''Strategic Insights'', Volume III, Issue 8 (August 2004)
* Kyvig, David. ed. ''Reagan and the World'' (1990), scholarly essays on foreign policy
* Lagon, Mark P. ''The Reagan Doctrine: Sources of American Conduct in the Cold War's Last Chapter'' (1994) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=9161896 online edition]
* LeoGrande, William M. ''Our Own Backyard: The United States in Central America, 1977-1992'' (1998)
* Matlock, Jack. ''Reagan and Gorbachev: How the Cold War Ended.'' (2004) by the US ambassador to Moscow [https://www.amazon.com/Reagan-Gorbachev-How-Cold-Ended/dp/0679463232/ref=sr_1_2/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194316986&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]
* Pach, Chester. "The Reagan Doctrine: Principle, Pragmatism, and Policy." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 2006 36(1): 75–88. Issn: 0360-4918 [http://www.questia.com/read/5015817882?title=The%20Reagan%20Doctrine%3a%20Principle%2c%20Pragmatism%2c%20and%20Policy online edition]
* Salla, Michael E. and Ralph Summy, eds. ''Why the Cold War Ended: A Range of Interpretations'' (1995). [http://www.questia.com/read/22889072 online edition]
* Schmertz, Eric J. et al. eds. ''Ronald Reagan and the World'' (1997) articles by scholars and officeholders
* Shultz, George P. ''Turmoil and Triumph My Years As Secretary of State'' (1993)
* Schweizer, Peter. ''Reagan's War: The Epic Story of His Forty Year Struggle and Final Triumph Over Communism'' (2002)
* Suri, Jeremi. "Explaining the End of the Cold War: A New Historical Consensus?" ''Journal of Cold War Studies'' - Volume 4, Number 4, Fall 2002, pp. 60–92 in [[Project Muse]]
* Thomas W. Walker; ''Reagan Versus the Sandinistas: The Undeclared War on Nicaragua'' (1987) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=65710540 online edition]
* Wallison, Peter J. ''Ronald Reagan: The Power of Conviction and the Success of His Presidency.'' (2003). 282 pp.
* Wapshott, Nicholas. '' Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher: a political marriage‎'' (2007) 336 pages [https://books.google.com/books?id=5HOuTL508F0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:reagan&lr=&as_drrb_is=b&as_minm_is=1&as_miny_is=2007&as_maxm_is=12&as_maxy_is=2009&num=30&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES excerpt and text search]
* Wills, David C. ''The First War on Terrorism: Counter-Terrorism Policy during the Reagan Administration.'' 2004.

===Rhetoric, media and values===
* Aden, R. C. "Entrapment and Escape: Inventional Metaphors in Ronald Reagan's Economic Rhetoric." ''Southern Communication Journal'' 54 (1989): 384-401
* Dallek, Robert. ''Ronald Reagan: The Politics of Symbolism.'' (1999)
* Denton Jr., Robert E. ''Primetime Presidency of Ronald Reagan: The Era of the Television Presidency'' (1988) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=23088126 online edition]
* Diggins, John Patrick. ''Ronald Reagan: Fate, Freedom, and the Making of History'' (2007) Reagan as follower of Emerson, by leading historian of ideas
* Jane Feuer; Seeing through the Eighties: Television and Reaganism'' Duke University Press, 1995 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=98148093 online edition]
* FitzWater, Marlin . ''Call the Briefing! Bush and Reagan, Sam and Helen, a Decade with Presidents and the Press''. 1995. Memoir by Reagan's press spokesman.
* Goodnight, G. Thomas. "Ronald Reagan's Re-formulation of the Rhetoric of War: Analysis of the 'Zero Option,' 'Evil Empire,' and 'Star Wars' Addresses." ''Quarterly Journal of Speech'' 72 (1986): 390–414.
* Greffenius, Steven. ''The Last Jeffersonian: Ronald Reagan's Dreams of America''. June, July, & August Books. 2002.
* Hertsgaard, Mark. ''On Bended Knee: The Press and the Reagan Presidency'' 1988. criticizes the press
* Hoeveler, J. David. ''Watch on the Right: Conservative Intellectuals in the Reagan Era.'' University of Wisconsin Press, 1991.
* Houck, Davis, and Amos Kiewe, eds. ''Actor, Ideologue, Politician: The Public Speeches of Ronald Reagan'' (Greenwood Press, 1993) [http://www.questia.com/SM.qst?act=adv&contributors=Davis W. Houck&dcontributors=Davis+W.+Houck online edition]
* Jones, John M. "'Until Next Week': The Saturday Radio Addresses of Ronald Reagan" ''Presidential Studies Quarterly.'' Volume: 32. Issue: 1. 2002. pp 84+.
* Kengor, Paul. ''God and Ronald Reagan: A Spiritual Life'' Regan Books, 2004. ISBN.
* Kiewe, Amos, and Davis W. Houck. ''A Shining City on a Hill: Ronald Reagan's Economic Rhetoric, 1951-1989.'' 1991.
* Lewis, William F. "Telling America's Story: Narrative Form and the Reagan Presidency", ''Quarterly Journal of Speech'': 280–302
* Longley, Kyle, Jeremy D. Mayer, Michael Schaller, and John W. Sloan. ''Deconstructing Reagan: Conservative Mythology and America’s Fortieth President,'' (M.E. Sharpe, 2007. xviii, 150 pp. isbn 978-0-7656-1591-6.)
* Meyer, John C. "Ronald Reagan and Humor: A Politician's Velvet Weapon", ''Communication Studies'' 41 (1990): 76–88.
* Moore, Mark P. "Reagan's Quest for Freedom in the 1987 State of the Union Address." ''Western Journal of Communication'' 53 (1989): 52–65.
* Muir, William Ker. ''The Bully Pulpit: The Presidential Leadership of Ronald Reagan'' (1992), examines his speeches
* Noonan, Peggy. ''When Character Was King: A Story of Ronald Reagan'' (2001) memoir by a Reagan speechwriter
* Ormanm John. ''Comparing Presidential Behavior: Carter, Reagan, and the Macho Presidential Style'' Greenwood Press, 1987 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=15388519 online edition]
* Ritter, Kurt W. ''Ronald Reagan: The Great Communicator.'' Greenwood, 1992. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=29047567 online edition]
* Shogan, Colleen J. "Coolidge and Reagan: The Rhetorical Influence of Silent Cal on the Great Communicator", ''Rhetoric & Public Affairs'' 9.2 online at Project Muse; argues that Coolidge and Reagan shared a common ideological message, which served as the basis for modern conservatism. Even without engaging in explicitly partisan rhetoric, Reagan's principled speech served an important party-building function.
* Stuckey, Mary. ''Getting Into the Game: The Pre-Presidential Rhetoric of Ronald Reagan.'' Praeger, 1989
* Stuckey, Mary. ''Playing the Game: The Presidential Rhetoric of Ronald Reagan.'' Praeger, 1990. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=24414026 online edition]
* Thomas, Tony. ''The Films of Ronald Reagan'' (1980)
* Troy, Gill. ''Morning in America: How Ronald Reagan Invented the 1980s'' (2004). Study of Reagan's image.
* Michael Weiler and W. Barnett Pearce; ''Reagan and Public Discourse in America'' University of Alabama Press, 1992 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=59353372 online edition]
* Wills, Garry. ''Reagan's America: Innocents at Home''. (1987)

===Primary sources===
* [http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publications/ERP/ Council of Economic Advisors, ''Economic Report of the President'' (annual 1947- )], complete series online; important analysis of current trends and policies, plus statistcial tables
* Reagan Ronald, and Richard G. Hubler. ''Where's the Rest of Me?'' (1965). first autobiography
* Reagan Ronald. ''An American Life.'' (1990). second autobiography [https://www.amazon.com/American-Life-Ronald-Reagan/dp/0743400259/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317128&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Reagan Ronald. ''The Creative Society: Some Comments on Problems Facing America.'' 1968.
* Reagan Ronald. ''Abortion and the Conscience of the Nation.'' 1984.
* Reagan Ronald. ''Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Ronald Reagan. 1981-1989.'' 8 vols. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1982–91.
* Reagan, Ronald. ''[[Reagan, In His Own Hand]]: The Writings of Ronald Reagan That Reveal His Revolutionary Vision for America'' (2001) [https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0743219384/ref=sib_dp_pt/103-4827826-5463040#reader-link excerpt and text search]
* Reagan, Ronald. ''The Reagan Diaries: Extended Selections‎'' ed. by Douglas Brinkley (2007)
* Skinner, Kiron K. et al., eds. ''Reagan's Path to Victory: The Shaping of Ronald Reagan's Vision: Selected Writings'' (2004), 450 radio talks from late 1970s

====Primary sources by Reagan associates====
* Anderson, Martin. ''Revolution: The Reagan Legacy'' (1990)
* Haig, Alexander. ''Inner Circles: How America Changed the World'' (1994). Haig was Secretary of State 1981-82
* Deaver, Michael, and Mickey Herskowitz. ''Behind the Scenes''. 1987. Memoir by a top aide.
* Meese Edwin. ''With Reagan: The Inside Story.'' Regnery Gateway, 1992.
* Niskanen William A. ''Reaganomics: An Insider's Account of the Policies and the People.'' Oxford University Press, 1988.
* Reagan, Nancy. ''My Turn: The Memoirs of Nancy Reagan'' (1989)
* Reagan Maureen. ''First Father, First Daughter: A Memoir.'' 1989.
* Reagan Michael and Joe Hyams. ''On the Outside Looking In.'' 1988.
* Regan Donald T. ''For the Record. From Wall Street to Washington.'' 1988; Treasury Secretary and Chief of Staff
* Shultz, George P. ''Turmoil and Triumph My Years As Secretary of State'' (1993) Schulz was Secretary of State 1982-89
* Stahl, Lesley. "Reporting Live" (1999) memoir by TV news reporter
* Stockman David A. ''The Triumph of Politics: How the Reagan Revolution Failed.'' 1986. Stockman was Budget Director in 1981-82
* Thompson Kenneth W., ed. ''Foreign Policy in the Reagan Presidency: Nine Intimate Perspectives.'' University Press of America, 1993.
* Thompson Kenneth W., ed. ''Leadership in the Reagan Presidency: Seven Intimate Perspectives.'' 1992.
* Thompson Kenneth W., ed. ''Leadership in the Reagan Presidency, Part II: Eleven Intimate Perspectives.'' University Press of America, 1993.
* Weinberger, Caspar. ''In the Arena: A Memoir of the 20th Century'' (1991), by the Defense Secretary

===Government documents===
* Council of Economic Advisors. ''Economic Report of the President,'' (annual, 1981-1988), detailed analysis of economic issues
* U.S. Census Bureau, ''Statistical Abstract of the United States'' annual compilation of over 1000 tables of data.

===Other===
* Schweikart, Larry, ''[https://www.amazon.com/Reagan-American-President-Larry-Schweikart/dp/1642930822/ Reagan: The American President]'' (2019; [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/05/07/ronald-reagan-larry-schweikart/ review]).

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
*[https://reaganlibrary.archives.gov/archives/photographs/history.html Historical Photographs], from the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum
*[https://reaganlibrary.gov/major-speeches-index Ronald Reagan's Major Speeches, 1964-89]
*[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1101040614-646317,00.html Time Magazine Article on ''The All-American President'']
*[https://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/rr40.html White House Official Page]
*[http://www.simonsays.com/content/book.cfm?tab=1&pid=537924&agid=2 The Passing of a Conservative] - by Alfred Regnery
*[http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/ Reagan's Presidential Library]
*[http://imdb.com/name/nm0001654/ Actor Bio At IMDB]
*[http://www.ronaldreaganmemorial.com/ Official Memorial]
*[http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Ronald_Reagan Quotations by Ronald Reagan]
*[http://reagan2020.us/ Reagan 2020] Reagan 2020 is the Internet's most comprehensive resource on Ronald Reagan.
*[http://www.acuf.org/principles/p_philos.asp "Our Philosophy of Government"] Speech by President Ronald Reagan, March 2, 1981
*[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/211049/abortion-and-conscience-nation-nro-primary-document Abortion and the Conscience of the Nation] While president, Ronald Reagan penned this article for The Human Life Review, unsolicited.
* [https://librivox.org/author/11305 Works by Ronald Reagan - text and free audio] - [[LibriVox]]
*[http://davekopel.org/Misc/OpEds/Ronald-Reagan-extremist-collaborator.html Ronald Reagan, Extremist Collaborator], by Dave Kopel
*Hawkins, Awr (April 25, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/04/25/ronald-reagan-seek-inflict-harm-not-fazed-gun-control-laws/ Ronald Reagan: ‘Those Who Seek to Inflict Harm Are Not Fazed by Gun Control Laws’]. ''Breitbart News''.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reagan, Ronald Wilson}}
{{USPresidents}}
{{Conservatism}}

[[Category:Reagan Era]]
[[Category:Featured articles]]
[[Category:California Governors]]
[[Category:Republican Governors]]
[[Category
[[Category:Cold War]]
[[Category:United States History]]
[[Category:New Deal]]
[[Category:Actors]]
[[Category:Conservatives]]
[[Category:Libertarians]]
[[Category:Labor Union Leaders]]
[[Category:Fiscal Conservatives]]
[[Category:Tax Revolts]]
[[Category:Former Liberals]]
[[Category:Irish-Americans]]
[[Category:Republicans]]
[[Category:Former Democrats]]
[[Category:Former Governors]]
[[Category:Anti-Communism]]
[[Category:Pro Second Amendment]]
[[Category:Southern California]]
[[Category:California]]
[[Category:Hollywood]]
[[Category:Patriots]]
[[Category:Conservative Authors]]
[[Category:Libertarian Authors]]
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]
[[Category:Liberal Conservatism]]
[[Category:Best Selling Authors]]
[[Category:DINOs]]
[[Category:Former Democrats]]
[[Category:California]]
[[Category:Illinois]]
[[Category:Capitalists]]
[[Category:Anti-establishment]]
[[Category:Populists]]
[[Category:Ronald Reagan]]
[[Category:The 100 Americans The Left Hates Most]]

Ronald Wilson Reagan

2021-09-12T01:33:13Z

Aidanram0:

{{Officeholder
|name=Ronald Wilson Reagan
|image=Ronald-reagan by kinstler.jpg
|party=[[Republican]] (formerly [[Democrat]])
|spouse= Jane Wyman [[Nancy Davis Reagan]]
|religion=[[Presbyterian]]
|offices=
{{Officeholder/president
|country=the United States
|number=40th
|terms=January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989
|vp=[[George H. W. Bush]]
|preceded=[[Jimmy Carter]]
|former=y
|succeeded=[[George H. W. Bush]]
}}
{{Officeholder/governor
|number=33rd
|state=California
|terms=January 2, 1967 – January 6, 1975
|preceded=[[Pat Brown|Edmund G. "Pat" Brown, Sr.]]
|former=y
|succeeded=[[Jerry Brown|Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown, Jr.]]
}}
|military=y
|allegiance=United States
|branch=Army Reserve, Air Force
|serviceyears=1937-1946
|rank=Captain
}}
'''Ronald Wilson Reagan''' (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) served as the 40th [[President of the United States of America]] from 1981 to 1989. He was the 33rd Governor of [[California]] (1967–1975), following a successful career in film and television. He has been widely recognized as one of the greatest American Presidents and an important part of the conservative movement from the late 1970s to the present. His victorious presidential debate with Jimmy Carter a week before the 1980 presidential election was the most-watched presidential debate in history until [[Donald Trump]]'s first debate with [[Hillary Clinton]] in 2016.

Reagan was a [[movement conservative]] who succeeded in moving the nation to the right in terms of reducing federal regulation and lowering taxes. He promoted individual liberty and the conviction that government was the problem and private enterprise the solution. He cut taxes but despite his proposals, spending and the federal deficit went up. After a short sharp recession early in his first term, the economy was strong by 1984. Proclaiming "It's Morning Again in America", Reagan carried 49 of 50 states to win reelection. He moved the [[Supreme Court]] and the federal courts to the right with his appointments.

Reagan's [[Supply-side economics|supply-side economic]] policies were based on the [[libertarian]] ideas of [[Milton Friedman]] and the [[Chicago School of Economics]]. "Reaganomics" was based on the idea that tax cuts will spur savings and investment. Reagan was strongly opposed to the concept of [[Big government]], advocating a reduction in the size and budget of the federal government. During his terms in office, he faced a divided Congress split between Republican and Democratic control for six of his eight years as president. Reagan was known for forging alliances with "[[Conservative Coalition|boll weevil]]" (conservative) Democrats to overcome the apparent majority led by Democratic Speaker [[Tip O'Neill]].

In foreign affairs, Reagan rejected ''détente'' with the [[Soviet Union]], but not with [[China]]. His massive defense buildup forced the Soviets to confront their crumbling financial base. He rejected the legitimacy of Communism and in the [[Reagan Doctrine]] systematically challenged and eventually destroyed Soviet strength in the Third World. After 1986 the new leadership of [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] who tried desperately to rescue Communism by cutting its losses; they came to terms with Reagan; the Communist empire collapsed in 1989 a few months after Reagan left office, and Communism was abolished (and Gorbachev repudiated) by Russia in 1991. Reagan is thus credited with achieving victory in the Cold War.<ref>Knopf (2004)</ref><ref>Multiple references:
*Pinkerton, James P. (November 10, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2019/11/10/pinkerton-thirty-years-after-fall-wall-lets-recall-ronald-reagan-man-who-called-it/ Pinkerton: Thirty Years After the Fall of the Wall, Let’s Recall Ronald Reagan, the Man Who Called It]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
*Akan, Emel (November 20, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/lessons-from-reagans-epochal-battle-against-communism_3152456.html Reagan’s Epochal Battle Against Communism Offers Lessons]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
*Edards, Lee (December 26, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/national-security/474669-how-ronald-reagan-won-the-cold-war How Ronald Reagan won the Cold War]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 26, 2019.</ref>

Always distrustful of nuclear weapons, Reagan initiated [[missile defense]] (SDI), a space-based system to defend against nuclear missiles. The inability of the Soviet Union to match this new technological breakthrough forced it to agree to Reagan's terms for ending the Cold War. In leading the rollback of Communism in Europe, he battled powerful liberal forces that called instead for détente (peaceful relations) with Communism. As the Soviet system faltered and Gorbachev accepted Reagan's terms, ensured an unprecedented level of nuclear disarmament. His signature phrase in dealing with Communists was "trust, but verify."

In his most famous challenges to Communism, Reagan went to the Brandenburg Gate and gave the Soviets the American terms for ending the Cold War: "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!" The Soviets were forced to agree, and watched their empire collapse overnight in late 1989, a few months after Reagan was succeeded as president by his Vice President [[George H.W. Bush]]. At the closing of his presidency, Reagan compared America to that "[[Shining city upon a hill]]", a beacon of Liberty for all who still live in the darkness of totalitarian rule.<ref>[https://dailycaller.com/2011/02/04/reagan-shining-city-hill/ Reagan saw the shining city on the hill], [[Daily Caller]]</ref>

As a great communicator, and leader of the Republican party, he added a new base of "Reagan Democrats" (blue-collar workers who were social conservatives), religious [[evangelical]]s, and [[neoconservative]]s; his success became the model for Republicans into the 21st century.

By all accounts, including by many of his adversaries, Reagan was a highly intelligent individual with an excellent sense of humor. He also contributed many new well-thought-through [[insight]]s to the general public that were not previously available.<ref>Tear Down This Wall, Laffer Curve, etc. See [[conservative insights]]</ref>
[[File:Reagan's signature.jpg|Right|285px|thumb|Ronald Reagan's signature]]
[[File:Reagan-at-durenberger-rally.jpg|Right|500px|thumb|Ronaldus Magnus]]

== Reagan's Conservatism ==
In a speech, immediately after assuming the presidency in 1981, he outlined his philosophy. After listing "intellectual leaders like [[Russell Kirk]], [[Friedrich Hayek]], [[Henry Hazlitt]], [[Milton Friedman]], [[James Burnham]], [[Ludwig von Mises]]" as the ones who "shaped so much of our thoughts," he discussed only one of these influences at length:

*It's especially hard to believe that it was only a decade ago, on a cold April day on a small hill in upstate New York, that another of these great thinkers, [[Frank Meyer]], was buried. He'd made the awful journey that so many others had: He pulled himself from the clutches of "The [communist] God That Failed,'' and then in his writing fashioned a vigorous new synthesis of traditional and libertarian thought -- a synthesis that is today recognized by many as modern conservatism.

*It was [[Frank Meyer]] who reminded us that the robust individualism of the American experience was part of the deeper current of Western learning and culture. He pointed out that a respect for law, an appreciation for tradition, and regard for the social consensus that gives stability to our public and private institutions, these civilized ideas must still motivate us even as we seek a new economic prosperity based on reducing government interference in the marketplace.

*Our goals complement each other. We're not cutting the budget simply for the sake of sounder financial management. This is only a first step toward returning power to the States and communities, only a first step toward reordering the relationship between citizen and government. We can make government again responsive to the people by cutting its size and scope and thereby ensuring that its legitimate functions are performed efficiently and justly.<ref>[http://acuf.org/issues/issue13/040606news.asp Ronald Reagan's Conservative Legacy, ACUF]</ref> Reagan rose to power speaking of [[Traditional values]] such as hard work, faith, family, God and patriotism (ideas that liberals call "racist"). Reagan strongly opposed progressive taxation, redistribution of wealth, the welfare state, and nationalization.

Political analyst Henry Olsen argues in ''The Working Class Republican'' that Reagan's political views were more closely aligned with [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] than typically thought, and that Reagan was more of a traditional blue-collar, working-class conservative than a libertarian.<ref>Olsen, Henry (2017). ''The Working Class Republican''. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 9780062475268.</ref><ref>Hayward, John (November 1, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/radio/2017/11/01/henry-olsen-reagan-trump-blue-collar-coalitions-mirror-images/ Henry Olsen: Reagan and Trump Blue-Collar Coalitions Are ‘Mirror Images of Each Other’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 3, 2017.</ref>

==Early life==
[[File:Ronald Reagan Young Boy.jpg|left|160px|thumb|Jack Reagan, Neil, Ronald, and his mother Nelle (from left to right) Photograph circa 1916–17.]]
Reagan was born in [[Tampico, Illinois]], the second son of John (Jack) Edward and Nelle Wilson Reagan. The family finally settled in Dixon, Illinois in 1920 after years of moving from town to town. Jack Reagan nicknamed his younger son “Dutch", claiming he looked like “a fat little Dutchman.”<ref>[http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/facts.html Ronald Reagan Facts]: Physical Description, Favorites, Dislikes, Firsts in Life, Nickname, and Religion</ref> Reagan's father was a working-class Irish Catholic, and an active Democrat. Unemployed during the [[Great Depression]], Jack Reagan held a minor position in the [[WPA]] during the [[New Deal]]. Reagan recalled numerous alcoholic episodes that cost his father many job opportunities. Nelle Reagan, a devout member of the [[Disciples of Christ]], greatly influenced her son, who remained a lifelong Protestant.
[[File:Reagan_graduation.jpg|right|160px|thumb|1932 photo taken after his graduation from Eureka College]]
He attended [[Eureka College]], a small Disciples school where he developed a reputation as a "jack of all trades", excelling in campus politics, sports and theater. Reagan was a member of several athletic organizations including the football and track teams, the basketball cheerleading squad, and captain of the swimming team. He was also yearbook editor and was elected student body president. Reagan was a political liberal at that point and led a student revolt against the college president. In his first year at Eureka, the president of the college tried to cut back the faculty. Reagan helped organize a student strike. He received his degree in economics and sociology in 1932.<ref>[http://www.asanet.org/students/famous.cfm Famous Sociology Majors]</ref>

To pay for college, Reagan worked many low-wage jobs such as cooking hamburgers and washing tables. He also worked as a lifeguard at Lowell Park on the Rock River in Dixon for seven summers, where he saved seventy-seven swimmers from drowning.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/reagan/ Timeline of Ronald Reagan’s Life], [[PBS]]</ref>

After college Reagan became a radio sports announcer in Iowa. Although he was originally only hired to announce the [[University of Iowa]] football games, he became so popular in the Midwest he began covering Chicago Cubs baseball games at Wrigley Field. He also wrote sports columns in the Des Moines ‘’Dispatch’’.

===Reagan as Disciple===
Reagan took religious values into the presidency that he learned from his [[Disciples of Christ]] background at home and at Eureka College, a Disciples school. He was strongly influenced by Ben Hill Cleaver, the minister of the First Christian Church<ref>The formal name of the denomination is the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ).</ref> in Dixon, Illinois, during the 1920s, and by Reagan's mother, Nelle, an active member of the church. At many points the positions taken by the Disciples Church of Reagan's youth coincided with the words, if not the beliefs of the latter-day Reagan. These positions included faith in Providence, the association of America's mission with God's will, belief in progress, trust in the work ethic and admiration for those who achieved wealth, an uncomfortableness with literature and art that questioned the family or challenged notions of proper sexual behavior, the presumption that poverty is an individual problem best left to charity rather than the state, sensitivity to problems involving alcohol and drugs, and reticence to use government to protect civil rights for minorities. Reagan's experiences in the church and with the Cleavers provided early training in public speaking and offered a way of learning in which acting played a central part. Reagan's use of the jeremiad and his fusing of Judeo-Christianity and patriotism into a civil religion also have their roots in this early period. For her part, Nelle was a pillar of the church and the one who provided stability to the shaky Reagan family when the head was drunkard and a poor provider. She helped spark her son's interest in acting and believed the stage could be a force for noble purposes.<ref>Stephen Vaughn, "The Moral Inheritance of a President: Reagan and the Dixon Disciples of Christ." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 1995 25(1): 109-127. 0360-4918</ref>

==Hollywood==
[[File:Reagan1953.jpg|thumb|left|250px|1953 film ''Law and Order'', starring Reagan and Dorothy Malone]]
In 1937 Reagan traveled to [[Hollywood]] to cover the Chicago Cubs's spring training games and look at prospects in the film industry. Warner Brothers studio offered him a one-year contract with a starting salary of $200 a week. He made his first on-screen debut in the 1937 movie ''Love is On the Air'',<ref>[http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/161292|0/Love-is-On-the-Air.html Love is on the Air]</ref> then became famous starring in numerous "B" movies, where he typically played a supporting character rather than the leading role. In 1941 Reagan gave a well-received performance in the [[Academy Award|Oscar]] nominated film ''Kings Row''. Other notable movies include ''Knute Rockne'', ''The Hasty Heart'', and the film ''Brother Rat'', which is where Reagan first met his future wife Jane Wyman.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=7rBLCZuEOswC&pg=PA189 President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime]</ref> During the war Reagan was in the Air Force where he was assigned to make training films.

===Military Service===
Intertwined with his career as an actor, Reagan also served in the military. He enlisted in the Army Enlisted Reserve on April 29, 1937, and transferred to the Army Air Forces (AAF) in 1942.<ref name=service>[https://reaganlibrary.archives.gov/archives/reference/military.html Military Service of Ronald Reagan]</ref> Poor eyesight kept him from being sent into overseas combat. He would instead produce training films for the AAF Public Relations and subsequently, to the 1st Motion Picture Unit in Culver City, California.

By the end of the war, his units had produced some 400 training films for the Army Air Forces. He resumed his Hollywood career on release in 1946, and his Reserve Commission automatically terminated on April 1, 1953.

While serving, Reagan was promoted several times. On January 4, 1943, he was promoted to First Lieutenant. On July 22, 1943, was promoted to Captain.<ref name=service />

===Return to Hollywood===
[[Image:Reagantheater.jpg‎|right|thumb|205px|Ronald Reagan and General Electric Theater. 1954–62.]]
Reagan's movie career faded in the late 1940s but he made a successful transition to television, especially as a host, and became a celebrity on the speakers' circuit. He traveled the country as a motivation speaker for [[General Electric]], attracting highly appreciative audiences for his polished, witty speeches based on a wide reading in current events and libertarian economic principles. Reagan also starred in the 1960s television series ''[[Death Valley Days]].'' By 1964, he had appeared in more than fifty films.

===Friendship with Billy Graham===
Reagan first met [[Billy Graham]] in the mid 1950s<ref name=focus>[http://jimdaly.focusonthefamily.com/a-story-of-billy-graham-and-ronald-reagan/ A Story of Billy Graham and Ronald Reagan], [[Focus on the Family]]</ref><ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/story/2004/06/08/transcript-ronald-reagan-friendship-with-billy-graham.html Transcript: Ronald Reagan's Friendship With Billy Graham], [[Fox News]]</ref> around the time that Reagan started with GE, and they remained friends for many years.

Graham was very impressed with Reagan's ability to effectively manage criticism with politeness, reason, and conviction. Graham wrote of Reagan in relating a story of a pastor from Dallas: "Ron had not only changed a man's mind, but he had done it with charm, conviction, and humor - traits I would see repeatedly as I got to know him."<ref name=focus />
[[Image:Reagan-LPcover.jpg|thumb|100px|left]]
===Operation Coffee Cup===
{{main|Operation Coffee Cup}}

During the 1950s and 1960s, Reagan teamed up with the [[American Medical Association]] to produce a campaign against government-run universal healthcare, warning citizens that if the government controls your healthcare, they control you.

Together with the AMA, they produced the LP record ''Ronald Reagan Speaks Out Against Socialized Medicine''.

===Union president===
Reagan jumped into union politics and was elected to five terms as president of the [[Screen Actors Guild]], a labor union for movie actors and part of the [[AFL]]. As SAG President he traveled across the country giving speeches on behalf of actors. Until the 1950s Reagan was an avid liberal Democrat who strongly supported the [[New Deal]] of [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] and the [[Fair Deal]] of [[Harry S. Truman]]. He often campaigned on behalf of the [[New Deal Coalition]], such as [[Helen Gahagan Douglas]]'s 1950 run for Senator of California.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=U2cs7IHERBwC&pg=PA43 Ronald Reagan's Journey: Democrat to Republican]</ref> There was talk of running Reagan for president of the AFL itself.<ref>Ronald Reagan, [https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0743400259/ref=sib_dp_srch_bod?v=search-inside&keywords=truman ''An American Life'' (1990) p 132]</ref>

Reagan was thus the only president to lead a [[labor union]], a bastion of liberalism. Reagan himself was a registered Democrat well into the 1950s, but as head of the Screen Actors Guild he fought against Communist infiltration. In 1947 he became an FBI informant, known by the bureau as informant "T-10",<ref>[http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,959749,00.html Unmasking Informant T-10], [[Time Magazine]]</ref><ref>[http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1985-08-26/news/8502040928_1_fbi-interviews-reagan-and-wyman-informant Reagan Reportedly Was Fbi Informer In 1940s]</ref> and testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee. Reagan expressed some reservation with the FBI, asking one agent "Do they expect us to constitute ourselves as a little FBI of our own and determine just who is a Commie and who isn't?"<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=I4-UBnd20K4C&pg=PA155 Ronald Reagan in Hollywood: Movies and Politics]</ref> Peggy Noonan wrote, "Even in his zeal to purge the communist influence from [[Hollywood]], he fought those who engaged in witch hunts and defended those who had been falsely accused of involvement."

==Democrat to Republican==
While remaining a Democrat in the 1950s, Reagan started to increasingly hold conservative points of view. After actively supporting [[Richard Nixon]]'s campaign for president in 1960, Reagan switched political parties and officially became a Republican in 1962. He realized that he had diverged greatly from the tax-and-spend liberalism of the Democratic Party. As a part of Reagan's change in viewpoints, he came to be a fan of former president [[Calvin Coolidge]], and would later replace a painting of Truman with that of Coolidge in the White House Cabinet Room.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/04/opinion/calvin-reagan.html Calvin Reagan], [[The New York Times]]</ref>

==1964==
Conservatives nationwide saw Reagan as their new star when his campaigning for Senator [[Barry Goldwater]] in 1964 was better received than Goldwater's own speeches. He raised an unprecedented eight million dollars for Goldwater. Despite Goldwater's defeat, Reagan's 1964 "[[Time for Choosing]]" speech helped launch his political career and made him became a probable candidate for governor of California.

==Governor of California (1967–1975)==
[[Image:Reagangovernor.jpg‎|left|thumb|275px|Ronald Reagan and Nancy Reagan at the Victory celebration for California Governor at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles, California 11/8/66.]] In the 1966 gubernatorial campaign, conservatives generally supported Reagan over George Christopher, the Republican mayor of [[San Francisco]]. Reagan defeated Christopher, and incumbent [[liberal]] [[Democrat]] [[Pat Brown]] in the general election, taking fifty-three of California's fifty-eight counties. Reagan's strategists wanted to emphasize libertarian support for smaller government and less taxation, as the state verged on a revolt against high property taxes. As student and black unrest exploded in the headlines, Reagan's call for [[Law and order]] won the votes of former liberals. Reagan's victory marked the end of New Deal liberalism in California.<ref>Dallek, Matthew. "Liberalism Overthrown." ''American Heritage'' (1996) 47(6): 39+ Fulltext online at Ebsco</ref>

Reagan inherited an enormous budget deficit from the Brown administration. In his first year as Governor, Reagan froze government spending and cut ten percent of the spending budget in each department of the government. At the end of his two terms, the $194 million deficit had been transformed into a $550 million surplus. The ''San Francisco Chronicle'' editorialized, "We exaggerate very little when we say that Reagan has saved the state from bankruptcy.<ref>[http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1980 1980 Reagan VS. Carter VS. Anderson]</ref>

When coming into office there was a growing number of anarchist protesters at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] over the United States' involvement in the [[Vietnam War]]. The protests would become violent. Reagan sent the state police and later the national guard to handle the riots. It allowed him to showcase his populist themes of morality, [[Law and order]], strong leadership, and defense of traditional values. Reagan was reelected in 1970, after firing the president of the state university and sending in armed force to confront student demonstrators. Reagan's handling of this crisis helped to make him into a national politician known for strength and courage.<ref>Gerard DeGroot, "Reagan's Rise." ''History Today'' (1995) 45(9): 31-36. Issn: 0018-2753 Fulltext online at Ebsco</ref>

Governor Reagan briefly tested the presidential waters in 1968 as part of a "Stop Nixon" movement, but drew back when he saw [[Richard Nixon]]'s strength.

Governor Reagan also attempted to clean up radicalism at other college campuses. [[Angela Davis]], a member of the [[Communist Party USA]], was also a professor of philosophy at [[UCLA]]. Reagan wrote that "I, nor the board will tolerate any Communist activities at any state institution... any member of the Communist Party is barred from teaching at this institution."<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=OwhvBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA140 African Americans and Criminal Justice: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia]</ref>

Welfare spending was a major issue in the 1970 election; with 10% of the nation's population, California had 16% of its welfare recipients. Reagan promised to cut the welfare spending by rooting out fraud and abuse, by requiring recipients to take jobs, and by collecting from dead-beat fathers. Democrats in the legislature supported a much more liberal bill, which advocated the welfare rights of the poor. Reagan personally worked out a compromise that passed and won considerable praise and some criticism. Its savings to taxpayers proved small, but it represented an important political achievement for both parties. Reagan benefited as well, emerging from the compromise as a more experienced and effective politician.<ref>Burbank (1991)</ref>

Reagan supported and signed laws to liberalize [[abortion]] in California (before the Supreme Court issued ''[[Roe v. Wade]]''), but later turned strongly against abortion.

Reagan's gubernatorial style, which carried over into his presidency, was expansive in looking only at the big picture, and choosing talented staffers who were given the power to handle all the details. Reagan seldom paid attention to the minute details of his own policies. Reagan was a powerful communicator, through press conferences and public appearances, with an uncanny knack for precise timing to make the maximum impact.<ref>Hamilton and Biggart, (1984); Ritter (1992)</ref>

Liberals across the country were puzzled by Reagan and decided that he was a weak reactionary who would be easy to defeat if he ran for president. California liberals explained they were all wrong, that Reagan was the most formidable Republican since Eisenhower.

In 1970, he was re-elected by a landslide against challenger "Big Daddy" Jesse Unruh.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/06/obituaries/jesse-unruh-a-california-political-power-dies.html Jesse Unruh, A California Political Power, Dies], [[The New York Times]]</ref> But in 1974, he chose not to seek a third term and was succeeded by liberal Democrat [[Jerry Brown]].

In 1974, the [[Symbionese Liberation Army]] abducted [[Patty Hearst]] and demanded a redistribution of food to the poor. Governor Reagan quipped: "It's just too bad we can't have an epidemic of botulism".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=PAvTCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA288 Days of Rage: America's Radical Underground, the FBI, and the Forgotten Age of Revolutionary Violence]</ref>

Three Lieutenant Governors served with Reagan: Robert Finch(67-69), Edwin Reinecke(69-74), John L. Harmer(74-75).

===Events and achievements as governor===

*Called in the [[National Guard]] to restore order when "People's Park" protesters began attacking police, and restored order to California's chaotic university campuses. Reagan authorized the use of force against the rioting protesters in Berkeley, saying, "If there has to be a bloodbath, then let's get it over with. No more appeasement." In the resulting chaos, 111 police officers were injured, and police fired buckshot into the crowd, sending over a dozen people to the hospital with shotgun wounds, 3 with punctured lungs and 1 with a shattered leg, and fatally wounded James Rector, who had been attacking the police.<ref>[http://police.berkeley.edu/about_UCPD/ucpdhistory.html#anchor178048 "History topic: People's Park"] University of California, Berkeley - Police Department (August 2006)</ref><ref>''San Francisco Chronicle'', early morning edition, May 15, 1969</ref><ref>[http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2004/06/08_reagan.shtml Ronald Reagan launched political career using the Berkeley campus as a target] (June 8, 2004)</ref><ref>[https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/02/video-ronald-reagans-press-conference-after-bloody-thursday/284045/ Video: Ronald Reagan's Press Conference After 'Bloody Thursday'] (February 2014)</ref><ref>[http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,904149,00.html California: Postscript to People's Park], [[Time Magazine]] archive, February 16th, 1970, Note: Fee required to read article.</ref>

*Led a comprehensive and far-reaching revision of California's massive public assistance programs, actually increasing benefits to the truly needy.

*Worked well with the Democrats to forge consensus on a variety of issues.

*Despite pressure within his own party, Reagan publicly opposed the Briggs Initiative which helped its defeat at the ballot in 1978.

*Signed the nation's first no-fault divorce law

*Signed the Therapeutic Abortion Law, which had the effect of increasing the availability of legal abortion in California - later Reagan expressed regret for this<ref>[https://www.lifenews.com/2008/03/11/nat-3790/ Revisionist History: Misrepresenting President Ronald Reagan’s Abortion Record], [[LifeSiteNews]]</ref><ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/223437/reagans-darkest-hour-paul-kengor-patricia-clark-doerner Reagan's Darkest Hour, "Therapeutic" abortion in California.], [[National Review]]</ref><ref>[http://cnsnews.com/news/article/president-reagan-put-his-pro-life-stance-center-stage-supporting-march-life President Reagan Put His Pro-Life Stance Center Stage In Supporting the March for Life], [[CNSNews.com]]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=-dSvWrJ6ooAC&pg=PA64 The Essential Ronald Reagan: A Profile in Courage, Justice, and Wisdom]</ref> and even wrote a [[pro-life]] pamphlet while he was president.

==Nationally Syndicated Radio==
From 1975 to 1979, Reagan gave over 1000 radio addresses to listeners in 20-30 million homes each week.<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/programs/static/national-recording-preservation-board/documents/ReaganOnRadio.pdf Ronald Reagan Radio Broadcasts]</ref> In one particular address, he discussed the California abortion bill he had signed, along with some additional observations.

<blockquote>A bill had been introduced in the California legislature to make abortion available upon demand. The pro and anti forces were already marshaling their troops, and emotions were running high. Then the author of the bill sent word down that he'd amend his bill to anything I felt I could sign. The ball - to coin a cliche - was in my court. Suddenly I had to have a position on abortion.

I did more studying and soul-searching than on any thing that was to face me as governor. I discovered that neither medicine, law, or theology had ever really found a common ground on the subject. Some believed an unborn child was no more than a growth on the body female and she should be able to remove it as she would her appendix. Others felt a human life existed from the moment the fertilized egg was implanted in the womb. Strangely enough, the same legislature that couldn't agree on abortion had unanimously passed a law making it murder to abuse a pregnant woman so as to cause the death of her unborn child.

Another inconsistency - the unborn have property rights protected by law. A man can will his estate to his wife and children and any children yet to be born of his marriage. Yet the proposed abortion law would deny the unborn the protection of the law in preserving its life.

I went to the lawyers on my staff and posed a hypothetical question. What if a pregnant woman became a widow during her pregnancy and found her husband had left his fortune to her and the unborn child. Under the proposed abortion law, she could take the life of her child and inherit all of her husband's estate. Wouldn't that be murder for financial gain? The only answer I got was that they were glad I wasn't asking the questions on the bar exam.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=MH7b57xk6jIC&pg=PA52 Speaking My Mind: Selected Speeches]</ref></blockquote>

==The New Republican Party==
At the 1975 [[Conservative Political Action Conference]], Reagan talked about the new Republican Party in a speech titled "''[[Let Them Go Their Way]]''", a party that was a striking contrast to the Democrat party. He called for bold colors that would be contrasted against pale pastels. This is one of Reagan's most quoted lines from any speech.<ref>[http://www.westernfreepress.com/2013/03/14/reagan-at-cpac-in-1975-let-them-go-their-way/ Reagan at CPAC in 1975: "Let Them Go Their Way"]</ref>

At the time, voters were of the belief that because Republicans did very little in the way of conservative principles and values, that there was little to no difference between the two parties. Reagan's main point was that instead of organizing a new third party, why not organize a new first party.

==Presidential Campaigns==
===1976===
[[File:1976 Republican National Convention.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Reagan and Ford at the 1976 Republican National Convention]]
{{Main|United States presidential election, 1976}}

After [[Richard Nixon]]'s resignation in 1974, the weak [[Gerald Ford]] became president, and Reagan challenged him in the 1976 Republican Party primaries. The main issue was détente with the Soviets as promoted by Ford and Secretary of State [[Henry Kissinger]], though other issues such as the [[Panama Canal]] also threw Ford off guard.<ref name=canal>[https://books.google.com/books?id=qpfzsnHAzZAC&pg=PA315 Gerald Ford and the Challenges of the 1970s]</ref> Ford won the first 13 primaries, then Reagan came roaring back. He criticized the federal government and politicians for being too large, too powerful, and too involved in American society. Reagan named liberal eastern Senator Richard Schweiker as his running mate, disappointing many of his conservative supporters.<ref>[http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1976/07/28/page/5/article/reagan-gambles-all-in-schweiker-choice Reagan gambles all in Schweiker choice]</ref> The outcome of the contest was that Ford won 26 primary contests, and Reagan won 24. The final delegate count was 1121 to 1078, Ford. 1130 delegates were needed to clinch the nomination.<ref name=seventysix>[http://www.newsweek.com/delegate-battle-1976-reagan-almost-unseated-ford-449843 Delegate Battle of '76: When Reagan Almost Beat Ford], [[Newsweek]]</ref>

At the Republican convention, victory came down to the Mississippi delegation which swung the nomination to Ford. However, given how difficult it is to run against an incumbent president in a Primary, Reagan's campaign was surprisingly strong. On the first ballot, Ford had 1,187 delegates, Reagan had 1,070.<ref name=seventysix /> Ford had succeeded in becoming the party's nominee.

After Ford was defeated in the general election, Reagan retired to his ranch in California and continued to give speeches across the country. There was little doubt that Reagan was the dominant Republican for the next election, and he easily won the nomination in 1980.

===1980===
{{Main|United States presidential election, 1980}}

Before the general election, Reagan faced a Republican primary challenge from the more moderate [[George H. W. Bush]]. Bush was highly established and respected as having served as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, ambassador to People's Republic of China and the United Nations, former chairman of the National Republican Committee, and two-term Congressman from [[Texas]]. Bush referred to Reagan's economic policies as "voodoo economics." After Bush won a surprising victory in the January 21st [[Iowa]] State primary, Reagan surged ahead after he outwitted Bush in the New Hampshire debate. During that debate, Reagan uttered the famous phrase "I'm paying for this microphone!"<ref>[https://usatelections.wordpress.com/2015/07/31/10-memorable-moments-from-past-primary-debates/ 10 memorable moments from past primary debates], [[USA Today]]</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RRI6iSrS1kc Ronald Reagan's famous line, "I am paying for this microphone"]</ref> After winning Iowa and losing New Hampshire, Bush had another win in the Massachusetts primary, then Reagan began sweeping primaries and crushed all of his opponents.<ref>[http://www.unionleader.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/99999999/NEWS0605/110509963 1980: Reagan begins his sweep], [[New Hampshire Union Leader]]</ref> Bush dropped out on May 26, leaving Reagan as the presumptive nominee. Ironically, he named George H. W. Bush as his running mate at the convention.<ref>[https://partners.nytimes.com/library/politics/camp/800717convention-gop-ra.html Reagan Wins Nomination and Chooses Bush as Running Mate After Talks With Ford Fail], [[The New York Times]]</ref>

Reagan was able to crusade against the failures of incumbent Democrat, President [[Jimmy Carter]]. There was runaway [[stagflation]], soaring [[interest rates]], persistent [[unemployment]], a series of humiliations abroad, and a weakened [[military]] in the face of growing Soviet superpower. As Reagan put it, "I'm told I can't use the word depression. Well, I'll tell you the definition. A recession is when your neighbor loses his job; depression is when you lose your job. Recovery is when Jimmy Carter loses his." The most pressing foreign policy crisis was that [[Iran]]ian President [[Ayatollah Khomeini]] was holding fifty-two Americans hostage. All of Carter's diplomatic attempts had failed.

The phrase "There you go again", which Reagan used in the Reagan-Carter Debate on October 28, 1980, became a defining phrase of the campaign.<ref>[https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/Decoder/2012/1001/Presidential-debate-what-to-look-for-beyond-who-wins-or-loses-video Presidential debate: what to look for beyond who wins or loses]</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qN7gDRjTNf4 Reagan-Carter Oct. 28, 1980 Debate - "There You Go Again"]</ref>

[[File:2000px-ElectoralCollege1980.png|right|thumb|325px|Reagan's 1980 landslide]]
Reagan feared that the [[Soviet Union]]'s military had become much more powerful then the United States'. He proposed stronger defense systems and a larger military. Carter fought back, lashing out at Reagan as a dangerous radical who would unleash nuclear war. A liberal Republican [[John Anderson]] ran a third party campaign which received 7% of the popular vote. Reagan won a landslide victory - receiving 51% of the popular vote and winning 44 of 50 states. In the 20th century, only two presidents received a larger electoral majority: Franklin Roosevelt in 1936 and Richard Nixon in 1972.<ref>[http://www.trivia-library.com/c/biography-of-us-president-ronald-reagan-part-8-campaign.htm Biography of U.S. President Ronald Reagan]</ref> His long coattails brought in the first Republican Senate in years, but the Democrats still controlled the House. The election marked the last hurrah of the New Deal era, the final collapse of the [[New Deal Coalition]] and indeed the end of liberalism as a coherent policy.<ref>Busch 2005</ref>

====Suburban Swimming Pool====
During the 1980 election, media outlets at the time used blue for republican states and red for democrat states.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMuWVsPQbwM US Election Night 1980 NBC live coverage 11-4-1980], Reagan blue-state landslide map in the background</ref><ref>[https://www.wnd.com/2012/05/how-red-states-turned-blue-and-vice-versa/ How red states turned blue and vice versa], [[WND]]</ref> [[David Brinkley]] famously said that it looked like a "suburban swimming pool."<ref>[https://www.conservativenewsandviews.com/2015/10/29/editorial/guest/dem-red-reagan-blue/ Dem red, Reagan blue]</ref> [[Time Magazine]] referred to it as "Lake Reagan."<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=20040208&id=bVNWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=qesDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6665,1584006&hl=en One state, Two state; red state blue state]</ref>

==Presidency (1981–1989)==
[[Image:Reagan 1981 Inauguration.jpg|right|thumb|325px|President Elect Reagan being sworn in for his first term in the 1981 Inauguration Ceremony at the U.S. Capitol]]
Ronald Reagan was sworn in as the 40th President of the United States on January 20, 1981. On that same day, Ayatollah released the hostages after keeping them in captivity for 444 days. At the inauguration, the invocation and benediction were delivered by Reverend Donn Moomaw, Reagan's pastor at Bel Air Presbyterian Church in Hollywood.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=wF_kAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA15-IA103 The Living Church, Volume 182]</ref>

Once in office, Reagan vowed a shift in federal power, back to states and localities.<ref name=localities>[https://www.nytimes.com/1981/03/21/us/reagan-vows-shift-in-federal-powers.html REAGAN VOWS SHIFT IN FEDERAL POWERS], [[The New York Times]]</ref> When the Federal [[Air Traffic Controllers]] struck illegally, Reagan showed he was playing hardball and gave them 48 hours before he fired all who hadn't gone back to work (11,359).

Reagan rebuffed liberals who complained he was killing the New Deal. Noting that he voted for FDR in 1932, 1936, 1940 and 1944, as well as Truman in 1948, Reagan said he was trying to repeal the ''"[[Great Society]]"'' enacted by liberals in the mid-1960s.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=68rBxuO7EsMC&pg=PA351&dq=reagan+%22great+society%22+roosevelt+truman&lr=&num=30&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES ''Eyewitness to Power''], by David Gergen, (2000) p 351</ref> During the first term of his presidency, Reagan tapped [[James A. Baker III (Secretary of State)|James A. Baker III]], [[Edwin Meese III]], and [[Michael Deaver]] to form a group known by some as "The Troika".<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1981/04/19/magazine/the-presidential-troika.html?pagewanted=all The Presidential Troika]</ref><ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=950&dat=19810806&id=02xQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=rlkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7013,1321812&hl=en The Troika], The Evening Independent</ref><ref>[http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1985-01-05/features/8501010299_1_deaver-and-meese-michael-deaver-edwin-meese Reagan Does Not Plan To Replace Deaver, Meese]</ref>

Early in his first term, he took a trip to Canada where he met with Prime Minister [[Pierre Trudeau]] and addressed the Canadian Parliament.<ref>[https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/reagan-ronald Travels of the President]</ref> While in Canada, Reagan requested to meet with [[Gordon Sinclair]], a Canadian journalist who had made international headlines for his commentary "[[The Americans]]".<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/08/03/Veteran-Toronto-broadcaster-Gordon-Sinclair-81-famous-in-the/7991365659200/ Veteran Toronto broadcaster Gordon Sinclair, 81, famous in the...]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=UP61LHTcaFMC&pg=PA84 A Salute to Service: The Rebirth of Patriotism]</ref>

Democrats in the Senate choose as their Leader the [[Exalted Cyclops]] [[Robert Byrd]], Senator from [[West Virginia]]. Over the course of Reagan's presidency, the government was forced to shutdown a total of eight times, many times due to confrontations with [[House Speaker]] [[Tip O'Neill]].<ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/360142/government-shutdowns-history-charles-c-w-cooke Government Shutdowns: A History]</ref><ref>[https://www.redstate.com/diary/willstauff/2014/02/18/tip-oneill-gop-majority-myth/ Replace Boehner with Tip O’Neill]</ref>

===Administration===
[[Image:Reaganfamily-red-rr-.jpg|right|thumb|325px|President & Mrs. Reagan with their extended family.]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Office
! Name
! Term
|-
| [[President]]
| Ronald Reagan
| 1981-1989
|-
| [[Vice President of the United States of America|Vice President]]
| [[George H.W. Bush]]
| 1981-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of State]]
| [[Alexander Haig]]
| 1981-1982
|-
|
| [[George Shultz]]
| 1982-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Treasury]]
| [[Donald Regan]]
| 1981-1985
|-
|
| [[James A. Baker III (Secretary of State)|James A. Baker III]]
| 1985-1988
|-
|
| [[Nicholas Brady]]
| 1988-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Defense]]
| [[Caspar Weinberger]]
| 1981-1987
|-
|
| [[Frank C. Carlucci]]
| 1987-1989
|-
| [[Attorney General]]
| [[William Smith]]
| 1981-1985
|-
|
| [[Edwin Meese III]]
| 1985-1988
|-
|
| [[Richard Thornburgh]]
| 1988-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of the Interior]]
| [[James G. Watt]]
| 1981-1983
|-
|
| [[William P. Clark, Jr.]]
| 1983-1985
|-
|
| [[Donald Hodel]]
| 1985-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Agriculture]]
| [[John Rusling Block]]
| 1981-1986
|-
|
| [[Richard E. Lyng]]
| 1986-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Commerce]]
| [[Howard M. Baldrige, Jr.]]
| 1981-1987
|-
|
| [[C. William Verity, Jr.]]
| 1987-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Labor]]
| [[Raymond J. Donovan]]
| 1981-1985
|-
|
| [[William E. Brock]]
| 1985–1987
|-
|
| [[Ann Dore McLaughlin]]
| 1987-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Health and Human Services]]
| [[Richard S. Schweiker]]
| 1981–1983
|-
|
| [[Margaret Heckler]]
| 1983-1985
|-
|
| [[Otis R. Bowen]]
| 1985-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Education]]
| [[Terrel Bell]]
| 1981-1985
|-
|
| [[William Bennett]]
| 1985-1988
|-
|
| [[Lauro Cavazos]]
| 1988-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Housing and Urban Development]]
| [[Samuel R. Pierce, Jr.]]
| 1981-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Transportation]]
| [[Drew Lewis]]
| 1981-1983
|-
|
| [[Elizabeth Dole]]
| 1983-1987
|-
|
| [[James H. Burnley IV]]
| 1987-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Energy]]
| [[James B. Edwards]]
| 1981-1982
|-
|
| [[Donald Paul Hodel]]
| 1982-1985
|-
|
| [[John S. Herrington]]
| 1985-1989
|-
|}

===Assassination Attempt===
Outside the Washington Hilton Hotel<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=tMrEP4Y6whwC&pg=PA64 The Reagan Era from the Iran Crisis to Kosovo]</ref> on March 30, 1981, Reagan was shot by [[John W. Hinckley]] near the heart after giving a routine speech.<ref>The assassin was [[John Hinckley]], a mentally disturbed man who didn't shoot Reagan for political reasons, but instead did to impress an actress he had never met.</ref> Surgeons at [[George Washington University]] Hospital saved his life and despite his age, he recovered quickly. Prior to the operation, Reagan looked up at the doctors and said "I Hope you're all Republicans". Dr. Joseph Giordano, the head surgeon at GWU Hospital confirmed the story, and replied to the president "We are all Republicans today".<ref>[http://urbanlegends.about.com/od/historical/a/ronald_reagan.htm Ronald Reagan: Grace Under the Scalpel]</ref>

White House Press Secretary [[James Brady]] was shot in the head, became permanently disabled; Brady then became an icon of the [[gun control|anti-gun]] movement.

The assassination attempt came at a critical moment and disarmed the opposition in Congress, enabling Reagan to pass his major legislation even though the Democrats controlled the House.

===1984 Reelection===
[[File:2000px-ElectoralCollege1984.png|right|thumb|325px|Reagan's 1984 landslide]]
{{Main|United States presidential election, 1984}}

In 1984, Reagan was re-elected in a landslide, winning every state except Mondale's home state of Minnesota and the District of Columbia, creating a record 525 electoral vote total (of 538 possible), and received 58.8%. of the popular vote.<ref>[https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/scores.html#1984 National Archives]</ref><ref>[http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?f=0&year=1984 Leip, David: 1984 Presidential Election Results.]</ref> At the second inaugural, the Reverend Timothy Healy delivered the invocation, and the Reverend Peter Gomes delivered the benediction.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1988&dat=19850119&id=MGwiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_6sFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1381,1418388&hl=en The Argus-Press - Jan 19, 1985]</ref> In his Second Inaugural Address after winning the election, Reagan asked two of his most well-remembered questions: "''If not us, who? And if not now, when?''"

During his second term, Reagan helped end the Cold War with the help of Margaret Thatcher and some assistance from Pope John Paul II and Mikhail Gorbachev by recognizing the weakness of the Soviet economy and spent them out of existence by their not being able to compete with defense spending.

===Challenger Disaster===
On January 28, 1986, the [[Space Shuttle Challenger]] disintegrated due to O-ring failure 73 seconds after lift-off. In response, Reagan gave a speech that is regarded as a high mark of his presidency.<ref name=challenger>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/01/28/how-ronald-reagan-explained-the-challenger-disaster-to-the-world-its-all-part-of-taking-a-chance/ Exactly the right words, exactly the right way: Reagan’s amazing Challenger disaster speech], [[The Washington Post]]</ref> [[Peggy Noonan]] was chosen to write the speech who, at the time, was relatively unknown.<ref name=challenger /> In the speech, the freedom of the United States was highlighted in contrast to the tyranny of socialism, and the astronauts were honored as they were on their final journey to "touch the face of God".<ref>[http://history.nasa.gov/reagan12886.html Explosion of the Space Shuttle Challenger, Address to the Nation, January 28, 1986], by President Ronald W. Reagan, [[NASA]]</ref>

===Space Station Freedom===
In the 1984 State of the Union Address, Ronald Reagan outlined the development of a [[Space station]]. He said "We can reach for greatness again. We can follow our dreams to distant stars, living and working in space for peaceful, economic, and scientific gain."<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=40205 Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on the State of the Union], January 25, 1984</ref> The space station, later named ''Freedom''<ref>[https://mix.msfc.nasa.gov/abstracts.php?p=1653 Space Station Freedom-Artist's Concept]</ref> faced challenges and re-designs due to budget cuts.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/09/us/nasa-studying-ways-to-redesign-space-station-to-meet-budget-cut.html NASA Studying Ways to Redesign Space Station to Meet Budget Cut]</ref> It eventually evolved into the [[International Space Station]] program.<ref>[https://uhclarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/faget/industrial/freedom Space Station Freedom]</ref><ref>[http://www.iso.org/iso/home/news_index/news_archive/news.htm?refid=Ref1555 Cooperation in space - The International Space Station benefits from ISO standards]</ref>

==Domestic policy==
===School prayer and a moment of silence===
[[Image:Reagans greet Billy Graham at Prayer Breakfast 1981.jpg|right|thumb|250px|President Reagan and Nancy Reagan greeting Billy Graham at the 1981 National Prayer Breakfast]]
As a conservative, Reagan was a supporter of school prayer, with Reagan repeatedly raising the issue during his presidency.<ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/266491/ronald-reagans-prayer-legacy-stewart-mclaurin Ronald Reagan’s Prayer Legacy], [[National Review]]</ref>

Early on in his presidency, Reagan brought up the issue of prayer in schools, which was banned in 1962 by the Supreme Court in [[Engel v. Vitale]]. He proposed a constitutional amendment<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/18/us/reagan-proposes-school-prayer-amendment.html Reagan Proposes School Prayer Amendment], [[The New York Times]]</ref> that contained the following language: "Nothing in this Constitution shall be construed to prohibit individual or group prayer in public schools or other public institutions. No person shall be required by the United States or by any state to participate in prayer".

Reagan revived the issue in 1984<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=40205 Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on the State of the Union], January 25, 1984</ref> noting the beliefs of the [[Founding Fathers]] on the importance of faith. He said: "America was founded by people who believed that God was their rock of safety. He is ours. I recognize we must be cautious in claiming that God is on our side, but I think it's all right to keep asking if we're on His side." Also in 1984, the Supreme Court reviewed a case regarding a moment of silence in schools.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2245&dat=19840712&id=vogzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dDIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=5416,1067751 Reagan urges school 'moment of silence']</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1984/12/05/us/high-court-weighs-silence-in-school-for-prayer-or-meditation.html High Court Weighs Silence in School for Prayer or Meditation], [[The New York Times]]</ref> In [[Wallace v. Jaffree]], the court ruled 6–3 against.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1985-06-04/news/mn-6462_1_voluntary-prayer High Court Bars Moments of Silence for School Prayer : But Would Approve Meditation], [[Los Angeles Times]]</ref> Reagan received the support of boxing legend [[Muhammad Ali]] who said, "He's keeping God in schools and that's enough."<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2016/06/10/when-muhammad-ali-endorsed-ronald-reagan/?utm_term=.e84c75ad95f2</ref>

Toward the end of his presidency in 1987, Reagan called for Congress to act.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=NefcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA56 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Ronald Reagan, 1987]</ref> In an address to Congress on January 27, he said: "The 100th Congress of the United States should be remembered as the one that ended the expulsion of God from America's classrooms".<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/28/nyregion/high-court-accepts-appeal-of-moment-of-silence-law.html High Court Accepts Appeal of 'Moment of Silence' Law], [[The New York Times]]</ref>

===Economy===
[[Image:Reagan_desk.jpg‎|left|thumb|275px|President Reagan working at his desk in the oval office, 05/06/82.]]
As President, Ronald Reagan enacted his theory of "[[Reaganomics]]." His four major policy objectives were the following:<ref>[http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc1/Reaganomics.html Reaganomics], by William A. Niskanen</ref>

*Reduce the growth of government spending.
*Reduce the marginal tax rates on income from both labor and capital.
*Reduce government regulation of the economy.
*Control the money supply to reduce inflation.

On August 13, 1981, Reagan signed the Kemp-Roth [[Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981]] bill into law, reducing the tax burden on American citizens.
[[File:Time-8-17-81.jpg|thumb|250px| ''Time'' Aug 17, 1981. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,949316,00.html read story]]]
Fueled by an over spending [[Congress]] that steadfastly refused Reagan's budget proposals, the national debt increased 160% during his two terms in office. However, the economic growth that resulted from tax cuts made deficits as a percentage of [[GDP]] lower than what they had been in during the previous decade of stagflation. The period of high [[inflation]] and [[unemployment]] when Reagan took office was over after eight years of his presidency. In 1986 Reagan signed the [[Tax Reform Act of 1986]], which obtained an overhaul of the income tax code and eliminated many deductions and exempted millions of people with low incomes. The [[income tax]] rates of the top personal tax bracket dropped from 70% to 28% in 7 years. At the same time, Reagan sought to close tax loopholes so that the wealthy would not be able to get away with paying less tax than low to middle-income earners. By the end of his administration, the Nation was enjoying its longest recorded period of peacetime prosperity without [[recession]] or [[depression]].<ref>[https://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/rr40.html Ronald Reagan]</ref>

====PATCO Strike====
On 3 August 1981, 13,000 air traffic controllers, members of the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO), walked off the job. PATCO had supported Reagan in the 1980 election but now was making exorbitant demands regarding high raises, early retirement, and reduced hours. The Federal Aviation Administration made a generous offer but PATCO said no and called a strike. PATCO assumed it would shut down all air traffic and paralyze the economy, forcing the government to surrender, but they misjudged Ronald Reagan. Under federal law, the strike was illegal. Reagan ordered the strikers as a group to return to work. Some returned but most did not; he ordered individual strikers to return, and again most refused. Reagan was ready; secretly the Transportation Secretary Drew Lewis had readied military replacements. It was the first time in over 50 years in a major strike that replacements were used. Two days later, the president fired 11,000 strikers, and they never were rehired. The planes were flying and labor unions suffered their worst defeat since the 1920s. Reagan's dramatic action energized corporations to resist union demands, and sped up the rapid decline in union membership and the political power of union bosses.<ref>"Turbulence in the Tower," [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,949316,00.html ''Time'' Aug. 17, 1981]; Paul L. Butterworth, et al., "More than a Labor Dispute: The PATCO Strike of 1981," ''Essays in Economic & Business History'' 2005 23:125-139</ref>

===Boll Weevils===
In 1981 President [[Ronald Reagan]] won over enough conservative southern Democrats—called '''Boll Weevils'''--<ref>[https://www.csmonitor.com/1981/1216/121615.html Boll weevils, gypsy moths, and the 97th Congress ], [[Christian Science Monitor]]</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/26/us/congress-the-eclipse-of-the-boll-weevils.html CONGRESS; THE ECLIPSE OF THE BOLL WEEVILS], [[The New York Times]]</ref> to carry his major tax cuts through a House nominally controlled by the Democrats. Led by Congressman [[Phil Gramm]] of Texas,<ref>Gramm later became a Republican. On Gramm see David Frum, "Righter Than Newt," ''The Atlantic Monthly'' v. 275#3 (March 1995) pp 81+, online at [[Questia]]</ref> they helped Reagan enact many of his domestic policy proposals, to increase defense spending sharply, and to block leftists attacks on Reagan's anti-Communist policies in Central America. They also helped dismantle some of the remnants of [[Lyndon Johnson]]'s [[Great Society]].<ref>The "boll weevil" was a pest that ruined cotton plants across the South in the early 20th century, and forced the region to diversify out of cotton.</ref> Reagan did not campaign against them, so they kept their seats a few years longer.<ref>Lou Cannon, ''President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime'' (2000) pp 89, 754</ref>

===Social Security Reform 1983===
Mounting concerns that rising Social Security benefits were causing a long-term deficit and were growing too fast resulted in a bipartisan compromise in 1983. Brokered by conservative [[Alan Greenspan]] and liberal [[Claude Pepper]], the agreement lowered benefits over the next 75 years and brought the system into balance. Key provisions included a gradual increase over 25 years in the retirement age from 65 to 67, to take account of longer life expectancy. (People could retire younger, but at a reduced rate of benefits.) Millions of people were added to the system, especially employees of state governments and of nonprofit organizations.<ref>1983 Greenspan Commission on Social Security Reform (1983) [https://www.ssa.gov/history/reports/gspan5.html online version]; "Claude Pepper and Social Security Reform - 1981-1983," [http://www.claudepeppercenter.fsu.edu/webexhibits/socialsecurityreform/socialsecurityreform1981to1983.htm online exhibit]; Paul Charles Light, ''Artful Work: The Politics of Social Security Reform'' (1985)</ref>

===Judicial Appointments===
[[File:Reagan and Justices.jpg|thumb|250px| From left to right: Justices [[Harry Blackmun]], [[Thurgood Marshall]], [[William Brennan]], Chief Justice [[Warren Burger]], President Reagan, [[Sandra Day O'Connor]], [[Byron White]], [[Lewis F. Powell, Jr.]], [[William Rehnquist]] and [[John Paul Stevens]].]]
President Reagan made a total of 381 judicial appointments; 83 to US Court of Appeals, 290 to US District Courts, and 5 to the Supreme Court. 11 were not confirmed.<ref>[https://www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-conservative-turn-of-america-1968-1989-30/the-reagan-administration-228/battles-in-the-courts-and-congress-1289-8810/ President Reagan's Court appointees included: Sandra Day O'Connor, Anton Scalia, Anthony Kennedy, and William Rehnquist as Chief Justice.]</ref>

====Supreme Court====
Reagan fulfilled a promise he unnecessarily made in his 1980 presidential campaign to appoint the first women to the [[U.S. Supreme Court]].<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1291&dat=19801015&id=4zxUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=s40DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4187,2916117&hl=en Reagan pledges woman on court], [[Associated Press]]</ref> On July 7, 1981, he chose the first person he interviewed, without even bothering to interview other candidates, by nominating little-known Arizona judge [[Sandra Day O'Connor]] to become an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. O'Connor succeeded Justice [[Potter Stewart]]. Liberals, who had been ready for a knock-down battle, were stunned that Reagan had appointed a [[feminist]] and welcomed her nomination. [[Pro-life]] groups pointed out that her record indicated her support of [[abortion]]; [[movement conservative]]s [[Jerry Falwell]] opposed her confirmation and Howard Phillips testified against it. Phillips prophetically declared, "People say you can't tell how a Supreme Court nominee will turn out once on the bench. I respectfully disagree. In most cases, it's very clear. I opposed the nomination of Sandra Day O'Connor because it was very clear that she had a pro-[[abortion]] record in the Arizona State Senate and as a judge in Arizona. She was also allied with [[Planned Parenthood]]." With enthusiastic liberal support for O'Connor, she was confirmed by the Senate by a 99–0 vote on September 21 and took her seat September 25.

In 1986 [[Warren E. Burger]] announced his retirement from the Court. Reagan nominated [[Antonin Scalia]] to fill the vacant seat, at the same time that he elevated [[William Rehnquist]] for Chief Justice. Most of the opposition in the Senate focused their opposition on the Rehnquist nomination. Scalia was confirmed by a unanimous 98–0 vote, while Rehnquist was confirmed over substantial opposition.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/22/AR2007082200931.html Rehnquist Confirmed In 65-33 Senate Vote]</ref><ref>[https://www.loc.gov/law/find/nominations/scalia/vote.pdf Floor Vote - Scalia], September 17, 1986</ref>

=====Robert Bork=====
In 1987, Reagan nominated conservative judge [[Robert Bork]] to replace retiring Supreme Court Justice [[Lewis Powell]]. In a highly contentious series of Senate Hearings<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2012/12/19/politics/robert-bork-dead/ Robert Bork, known for contentious Supreme Court nomination, dies at 85], [[CNN]]</ref> senate liberals attacked Bork as being too conservative. Senator [[Ted Kennedy]] criticized him, saying,
:''"Robert Bork's America is a land in which women would be forced into back-alley abortions, blacks would sit at segregated lunch counters, rogue police could break down citizens' doors in midnight raids, schoolchildren could not be taught about evolution, writers and artists could be censored at the whim of the Government, and the doors of the Federal courts would be shut on the fingers of millions of citizens for whom the judiciary is -- and is often the only -- protector of the individual rights that are the heart of our democracy."''<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE5DF1E3EF936A35754C0A961948260 WASHINGTON; Kennedy And Bork], [[The New York Times]]</ref>

The U.S. Senate rejected Bork's confirmation on a 42–58 vote. Reagan then turned to [[Douglas Ginsburg]], who withdrew his name from consideration when it was discovered he smoked [[marijuana]], which was [[illegal]], with his students. Finally, the much less controversial (but more [[liberal]]) Californian [[Anthony Kennedy]] was nominated, who was confirmed on a 97–0 vote.

======"Borking"======
Because of the treatment that Robert Bork received during his confirmation hearing, the term to "be Borked" entered the general lexicon.<ref>[http://beta.townhall.com/columnists/jonahgoldberg/2007/10/26/the_borking_of_american_politics The Borking of American Politics], [[Townhall]]</ref>

===Federalism===
{{main|Federalism|Tenth Amendment}}

As a staunch supporter of the Republic which our [[Founding Fathers]] created and handed down to us, Reagan signed Executive Order 12612 on October 26, 1987.<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=33607 Executive Order 12612 - Federalism]</ref> The EO recognized that the [[Constitution]] only grants authority to a few, specific [[Enumerated powers]]. Outside of these few areas, the role of the Federal Government should not be a meddlesome one, but that the states should be in charge, where citizens have a more direct and local discretion. The EO said "Federalism is rooted in the knowledge that our political liberties are best assured by limiting the size and scope of the national government".

Executive Order 12612 was rescinded with Executive Order 13083 by the [[authoritarian]] [[Democrat]] [[Bill Clinton]] on May 14, 1998.<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=55957 Executive Order 13083 - Federalism]</ref><ref>[https://www.heritage.org/research/reports/1998/06/president-clintons-sellout-of-federalism President Clinton's Sellout of Federalism], [[Heritage Foundation]]</ref>

===War on Drugs===
As President, Reagan declared a "[[War on Drugs]]", which would be policies put forward by the United States and other countries to reduce illegal drug trade. In 1986, President Reagan signed the very prominent Anti-Drug Abuse Act which granted $97 million to build new [[prison]]s, $200 million for drug [[education]] and $241 million for treatment. Overall, $1.7 billion to fight the drug crisis.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/drugs/cron/ Thirty Years of America's Drug War], A Chronology, [[PBS]]</ref> First Lady [[Nancy Reagan]] started a slogan, "[[Just Say No]]" to drug use. The term was used in television advertising, and today there are many "Just Say No" drug clinics. As a result of the policies, [[marijuana]] use dropped from 33% of high-school seniors in 1980 to 12% in 1991.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/drugs/interviews/kleber.html Interview with Dr. Herbert Kleber], [[PBS]]</ref>

===Illegal immigration===
November 6, 1986, Reagan signed into law the [[Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986]], also known as the Simpson-Mazzoli Act, named after it's two authors: Romano Mazzoli and [[Alan Simpson]].<ref>[http://humanevents.com/2007/06/04/simpsonmazzoli-twentyone-years-later/ Simpson-Mazzoli: Twenty-One Years Later], [[Human Events]]</ref>

In his diaries, Reagan wrote that he wanted to sign the bill because of how important it was to regain control of our borders.<ref>[http://www.ontheissues.org/Celeb/Ronald_Reagan_Immigration.htm Ronald Reagan on Immigration]</ref> But the bill had largely the opposite effect. By granting a pathway to citizenship (amnesty) to 2.7 million illegal aliens, the law encouraged unlawful entry by more than 10 million additional new illegal aliens. However, Reagan was not enthusiastic about, and did not make an effort to enforce, the law's provision making it illegal for employers to hire illegal aliens.<ref>Kammer, Jerry (January 3, 2019). [https://www.cis.org/Kammer/How-Washington-Post-Expose-Trump-Missed-Story-How-Reagan-Wrecked-Immigration-Reform How the Washington Post Exposé of Trump Missed the Story of How Reagan Wrecked Immigration Reform]. ''Center for Immigration Studies''. Retrieved January 3, 2019.</ref>

==Foreign policy==

===Strategic Defense Initiative===

Reagan's 1983 [[Strategic Defense Initiative]] became popularly known as "[[Star Wars]]", the name given to it by critics because they thought it was pure fantasy like the popular [[George Lucas]] films. This plan was never fully instituted. Although billions of dollars were spent on development, no space-based missile defense was tested successfully during Reagan's terms in office. However, the main goal was achieved of forcing the Soviets to realize they could no longer compete in the Cold War.

The threat the Soviet Union felt from the SDI initiative forced them to negotiate an end to the arms race, according to many involved with diplomacy at the time and can be seen by following Gorbachev's repeated public insistences that the SDI program be discontinued. [[Henry Kissinger]] wrote:
:''I know it's an axiomatic view of the Left around the world that missile defense is sinful, and that it's desirable to keep each nation as vulnerable as possible. But that's a debatable premise. The U.S. must defend itself against ''whoever'' has missiles that would threaten the United States. And you don't have to be able to name an enemy.''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050308023334/http://www.doublestandards.org/dreifus1.html An interview with Henry Kissinger], by Claudia Dreifus, August 29th, 2001</ref>

===Flight 007===
Reagan was president at the time of the shooting down of [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]]. He termed the shoot-down of an innocent straying passenger plane with 269 passengers and crew, including Congressman [[Larry McDonald]], as a "massacre". The ensuing rage over the tragedy both worldwide and in the U.S. provided support for the deployment of cruise and Pershing ll missiles in West Europe- just six minutes flying time from Moscow.

===Soviet Union===
Shortly after taking office in 1981 Reagan issued National Security Decision Directive 11–82, (NSDD 11-82), that explicitly made U.S. defense spending a form of economic warfare against the Soviets. The directive was known more unofficially as the Reagan Initiative, and was an incorporation of the principle of [[Peace through strength]].

The United States would "exploit and demonstrate the enduring economic advantages of the West to develop a variety of [arms] systems that are difficult for the Soviets to counter, impose disproportionate costs, open up new areas of major military competition and obsolesce previous Soviet investment or employ sophisticated strategic options to achieve this end. Reagan's [[Strategic Defense Initiative]] (SDI), or "Star Wars" as the media referred to it, was a costly high-tech research and development program designed to make arms spending a "rising burden on the Soviet economy."<ref>Peter Schweizer , [http://www.reason.com/news/show/28929.html ''Reagan's War: The Epic Story of His Forty Year Struggle and Final Triumph Over Communism''], New York: Doubleday, 2002.</ref>
The Reagan Initiative was also concerned with aiding nations in active conflict with the Soviet Union. One such group was the [[mujahideen]] of Afghanistan who were given anti-aircraft missiles to fight the Soviet invaders.

A report by the CIA of the critical domestic economic problems and social discontent Soviet General Secretary Gorbachev provided a look what the sources of his principal dilemma-the very reforms needed to deal with the problems would threaten preservation of the [[nomenklatura]] and put at risk Gorbachev's ability to maintain the power to bring about [[Perestroika]].<ref>CIA Assessments of the Soviet Union: [https://www.cia.gov/csi/monograph/russia/enter.html Chapter 5, Enter Gorbachev ], Douglas J. MacEachin, CIA Publications, 1996.</ref>

====Reykjavík Summit====
[[Image:Photo 4 250.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Reagan and Gorbachev at Reykjavik]]
{{main|Reykjavík Summit}}

Gorbachev requested a Summit with Reagan in Reykjavik in October 1986 to discuss the stresses competition from Reagan's defense posture was having on Soviet military spending and economy, and Gorbachev's ability to carryout his plans of restructuring Communist control. Gorbachev told the [[Politburo]] in preparation for the Summit, "Our goal is to prevent the next round of arms race. If we do not do this ... will pulled into an arms race beyond our power, and we will lose this race, for we are presently at the limit of out capabilities."<ref>Notes of Politburo Meeting 4 October 1986, [https://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/22/documents/reykjavik/ Gorbachev's instructions for the group preparing for Reykjavik]</ref>

Initially, Reagan recognized that the Soviets were offering a bad deal at the [[Reykjavík Summit]], so he walked away from the table.<ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/423381/reagans-lesson-obama-no-agreement-better-bad-agreement-thom-tillis Reagan's Lesson to Obama: 'No Agreement Is Better Than a Bad Agreement'], [[National Review]]</ref>

A year later, the ''Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF)'', which was signed by Reagan and Gorbachev on December 8, 1987.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/12/newsid_3732000/3732902.stm 1986: Reykjavik summit ends in failure], [[BBC]]</ref>

===Dealing with the Soviets===
Gorbachev, weakened by his nation's economic [[malaise]], frightened by SDI, and committed to reforming the Soviet system before it collapsed, realized he had to end the Cold War to save Communism. Reagan proved willing to deal, but had to face three sources of criticism inside the U.S. The political right represented by the ''[[National Review]]'' and columnists such as [[George F. Will]] feared it was all a Soviet trap. Reagan used his enormous influence within the conservative movement to disarm these critics before disarming the Russians. Second were the "realists", led by Nixon and Henry A. Kissinger, who thought Reagan was going too far. The third group comprised segments of the intelligence community and military; they did not believe that the Soviet Union was as weak as Reagan and secretary of state, George P. Shultz, believed. Reagan, reelected in a landslide and at the peak of his power, pushed ahead with a series of agreements that effectively weakened the Soviet Empire and made it clear America had the initiative.<ref>James Mann, ''The Rebellion of Ronald Reagan'' (2009)</ref>

By the late 1980s, the Soviet Union began unilateral force cuts and troop withdrawals from Eastern Europe, and by May 1989 an unprecedented series of disclosures by senior Soviet officials revealed actual reductions in defense spending for the 1986-1990 and 1991-1995 Five Year Plan periods.<ref>Christopher Wilkinson NATO Review, [http://www.nato.int/docu/review/1991/9102-4.htm Soviet Defense Spending], NATO's Economics Directorate No. 2 - April 1991, Vol. 39 p. 16-22</ref> Genrikh Grofimenko, a former adviser to [[Leonid Brezhnev]], said "Ninety-nine percent of the Russian people believe that [the US] won the Cold War because of your president's insistence on SDI".<ref>Peter Schweizer, ''Reagan’s War''.</ref> Gennady Gerasimov, the Soviet Foreign Ministry's top spokesman during the 1980s, said "Reagan's SDI was a very successful blackmail. The Soviet economy couldn't endure such competition."<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122478630951963297 Freedom's Team], [[Wall Street Journal]]</ref>

Reagan also brought about the collapse of the [[Berlin Wall]], which was a symbol of [[communism]] and oppressed the [[freedom]] of East Berliners that wanted to move to West Berlin.

===Containment and the Iranian initiative===
[[Image:C26887-26.jpg|right|250px|thumb|President Reagan being sworn in for second term in the rotunda at the U.S. Capitol, 1/21/85]]
{{main|Containment}}

In 1985, after Reagan won reelection to his second term, the focus turned from reviving the domestic economy to several foreign policy matters which had been lingering throughout the decade. One such matter involved Iran, a longtime ally of the Western Allies since 1941 that had experienced an [[Islamic Revolution]] in 1979 after President Carter announced [[Human Rights]] had superseded [[Containment]] as the primary focus of American foreign policy. Since 1980, Iran had been enmeshed in a brutal trench war with neighboring Iraq which was emerging as a potent military threat in the region to other allies. Members of the National Security Council staff, along with CIA Director [[William Casey]], persuaded Reagan much could be gained and several problems could be addressed simultaneously with an overture to Iran to restore relations.

The objective of the plan was fourfold:
#Take steps to restore good relations with the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]] which was becoming increasingly hostile to the West;
#Take measures to convince Iran that Israel could become a friend and ally;
#Insurance against Iraq becoming too strong which would become a threat to [[Kuwait]] or [[Saudi Arabia]];
#Provide funding for other operations to continue the policy of containment in the Western Hemisphere, most notably [[Nicaragua]], and the violence the Soviet/Cuban/Nicaragua connection was creating in [[El Salvador]] and [[Honduras]].

There were humanitarian aspects to the proposal as well; (1) the [[Iran-Iraq War]] had stalemated for nearly six years and Reagan was advised that he was in the unique position as president to help facilitate bringing a senseless war with much suffering to an end; (2) the suffering of the people of the Central American Republics at the hands of Soviet-inspired subversion which had in the decade of the '80s established a beachhead in North America; (3) Iran perhaps could be persuaded to use its good offices to influence hostage-takers in [[Lebanon]] who had held several Western prisoners, many of them Christian Missionaries, for several years.

Reports had filtered back to Reagan that children as young as nine years old had been used by Iran to clear minefields.<ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/iran-iraq.htm Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988), ''Iraqi Retreats, 1982-84''], Globalsecurity.org, retrieved 20 March 2007.</ref> In weighing Iraq's delicate Sunni/Shia balance and the growing threat of Iranian-sponsored terrorism, the NSC staff and Casey recognized the dangers of an Iraqi collapse as well as the urgent need to dissuade Iran from continuing its ruthless and inhumane tactics.<ref>[http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB82/iraq53.pdf NSDD 139, 5 April 1984].</ref>

The [[Boland amendment]], a Vietnam era-style Congressional impingement on the legitimate foreign policy prerogatives of the Executive via the power of the purse, was used to deny Reagan's recommitment to the [[Truman Doctrine]] which had been adhered to by every President, Democratic and Republican alike since Truman, with the exception of [[President Carter]] whose [[human rights]] policy had brought one of the active belligerents, the [[Ayatollah Khomeini]], to power. In three of the active Soviet fronts, [[Afghanistan]], [[Nicaragua]], and [[El Salvador]], some Congressional Democratic leaders were openly sympathetic to Soviet foreign policy.<ref>[https://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/004/591eifow.asp ''One Weekend in April, A Long Time Ago ... What John Kerry thought about the Sandinista in Nicaragua''], Hugh Hewitt, The Weekly Standard, 09/09/2004.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060331222819/www.newsmax.com/archives/ic/2004/6/7/234527.shtml ''Kerry: 'I'm Proud I Stood Against Reagan''] Carl Limbacher and NewsMax.com Staff, 7 June 2004.</ref> So the decision was made to fund [[Containment]] of Soviet objectives on an active front in North America with sales of TOW missiles to Iran. Israel provided the TOWs because the [[Boland Amendment]] forbade direct US funding and it was a welcome opportunity for Israel to build bridges to a much-needed friend in the Middle East.

The operation was known as the "[[Iran-Contra affair]]." After word got out about the operation in November 1986, investigations were made, leading to the convictions of several members of the Reagan administration. President Reagan himself testified before the Tower Commission that he had poor recollection of the details of the operation due in part to the heavy pain medications he had been on in that period.

===Nicaragua===
In 1981 Robert McFarlane, then assistant to the Secretary of State proposed a coordinated covert political, economic, and military approach to the pro-Communist [[Sandinista]] government in Nicaragua and the insurgency in El Salvador, led by [[Daniel Ortega]]. His proposal was approved in January 1982, in "National Security Directive 17," which provided for a $20 million program against the Sandinista government and gave the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA) responsibility for organizing a five-hundred-man "interdiction" force.<ref>See [http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/nsdd/nsdd-017.htm Portions online]</ref> Democrats in Congress began voicing opposition in 1982; Reagan and Congress were in constant battle until 1987, when all five Central American heads of state signed a peace accord. The Sandinistas and Contras signed a cease-fire agreement in 1988, and in 1991 democratic elections overthrew the Sandinista regime.<ref>James M. Scott, "Interbranch Rivalry and the Reagan Doctrine in Nicaragua." ''Political Science Quarterly'' 1997 112(2): 237-260.</ref>

===Beirut===
During the Lebanese Civil War, Reagan sent peacekeeping forces as a part of a multinational force to Beirut. On October 23, 1983, the barracks were bombed. As a result of the bombing, 241 Americans were killed.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1697&dat=19860827&id=ljQqAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZUcEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6550,6530129&hl=en Reagan says worst mistake involved Marines in Beirut]</ref> The Embassy was also attacked, which resulted in the deaths of 63 people, 17 of which were Americans.<ref>[http://www.deseretnews.com/article/515039782/1983-Beirut-bomb-began-era-of-terror.html?pg=all 1983 Beirut bomb began era of terror]</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/1023.html Beirut Death Toll at 161 Americans; French Casualties Rise in Bombings; Reagan Insists Marines Will Remain], [[New York Times]]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=BMnUBQJBbgIC&pg=PT157 Seven Events That Made America America: And Proved That the Founding Fathers Were Right All Along], by Larry Schweikart</ref>

===Grenada===
On March 13, 1979, the New Joint Endeavor for Welfare, Education, and Liberation Movement (New Jewel Movement—NJM), ousted Sir Eric Gairy in a coup and established a People's Revolutionary Government (PRG) headed by Maurice Bishop, who became Prime Minister of [[Grenada]]. His Marxist–Leninist government established close ties with Cuba, the Soviet Union, and other communist bloc countries.

In October 1983, a power struggle within the government resulted in the arrest and execution of Bishop and several members of his cabinet and the killing of dozens of his supporters by elements of the People's Revolutionary Army (PRA).

A U.S.-Caribbean force landed on Grenada on October 25, 1983, for Operation Urgent Fury, in response to an appeal from the Governor General and to a request for assistance from Barbados and other Eastern Caribbean states. U.S. citizens were evacuated, and order was restored.

An advisory council named by the Governor General administered the country until general elections were held in December 1984. The New National Party (NNP) led by Herbert Blaize won 14 out of 15 seats in free and fair elections and formed a democratic government. Grenada's constitution had been suspended in 1979 by the PRG, but it was restored after the 1984 elections.

===Cold War victory===
[[Image:300px-ReaganBerlinWall.jpg‎|right|275px|thumb|"Mr.Gorbachev, tear down this wall!"]] Reagan is credited for ending the [[Cold War]] in victory for the United States. Historian Tony Judt in ''Postwar'' credits Soviet leader [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], while the political scientist Jan Kubik presents a viewpoint that credits [[Pope John Paul II]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080221230216/http://praguepost.com/articles/2007/02/28/letters-to-the-editor.php Letters to the Editor]</ref> Other historians contend structural weaknesses within the Communist bloc meant Reagan's actions were inconsequential to the end of [[communism]]. This is the view adopted by [[Russia]]ns themselves, and many political historians, citing ''[[perestroika]]'' and ''[[glasnost]]'' as beginning an inevitable slow fading of central power, and a collapse by irreconcilable differences between the central Soviet [[Politburo]] and the constituent republics, especially the [[Ukraine]].<ref>David Remnick, "Lenin's Tomb</ref> In the end, the consensus seems to point to all of the above, that hastened the demise of the Soviet Union; Internal factors, religious pressure brought by the Pope, Gorbachev's "Perestroika" and the united front of Ronald Reagan and [[Margaret Thatcher]], leading [[NATO]] and [[the West]] to embed a [[SDI|missile defense system]] in [[Western Europe]], and the economic superiority of [[Capitalism]], which simply out-spent and out-performed that of the Communist one.

One thing that cannot be quantified is Reagan's ability to give [[hope]], his never-ending optimism that good would indeed triumph over evil.<ref>[http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/us/2015/March/That-Time-the-President-Spoke-Truth-about-Our-Enemies/?Print=true That Time the President Spoke Truth about Our Enemies], [[Christian Broadcasting Network]]</ref> Many see that as key to bringing extra confidence to those locked behind the "[[Iron Curtain]]" to press even harder for reforms.

Columnist Cal Thomas wrote about it like this:

{{cquote|'''''He proved he was right about the big things.'' Faced with editorial denunciations at home and massive demonstrations in [[Europe]] against his plan to put missiles there to offset a [[Soviet]] threat, Reagan went ahead and did it anyway. The Soviets could not keep pace with the buildup or Reagan's proposed missile defense system (derided by insincere and dangerous critics as "[[Star Wars]]"). ''When those critics could not bring themselves to admit they were wrong, they unpersuasively claimed the Soviet Union fell under its own weight.'' More accurately, Reagan pushed it onto "the ash heap of history," with the able assistance of British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and [[Pope John Paul II]]. What Reagan did more than anything else - and it will be his lasting legacy - is replace [[despair]] with hope. Most people, even his detractors, felt a glow from being in his presence.

'''''He was the kindest, most gracious president I have met, and I have met them all since JFK. In his presence you felt he was interested in you and not himself. He was a good man.''''' <ref>[http://www.townhall.com/columnists/CalThomas/2004/06/07/ronald_reagans_wonderful_life Ronald Reagan's wonderful life], [[Townhall]]</ref>}}

[[Brian Mulroney]], the [[Canada|Canadian]] Prime Minister, Eulogized Reagan at his state funeral:
{{cquote|'''Some in the West during the early 1980s believed communism and democracy were equally valid and viable. This was the school of "[[moral equivalence]]." In contrast Ronald Reagan saw Soviet Communism as a menace to be confronted in the genuine belief that its squalid underpinning would fall swiftly to the gathering winds of [[freedom]]. Provided, as he said, that NATO and the industrialized democracies stood firm and united. They did. ''And we know now who was right.'''''<ref>[http://reagan2020.us/eulogies/mulroney.asp Brian Mulroney on Ronald Reagan]</ref>}}

Former Reagan speech writer [[Peggy Noonan]] paid tribute to the fallen president in a [[Wall Street Journal]] editorial. In it, Noonan noted:
{{Cquote|'''Ronald Reagan told the truth to a world made weary by lies. He believed truth was the only platform on which a better future could be built. He shocked the world when he called the Soviet Union ‘evil,’ because it was, and an 'empire,' because it was that, too. He never stopped bringing his message to the people of the world, to Europe and China and in the end the Soviet Union. And when it was over, the Berlin Wall had been turned into a million concrete souvenirs, and Soviet communism had fallen. But of course, it didn’t fall. It was pushed. By Mr. Know-Nothing-Cowboy-Gunslinger-Dimwit. ''All presidents should be so stupid...'''''<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB108656337732830162 Thanks from a Grateful Country], [[WSJ]]</ref>}}

Reagan earned the undying animosity of leftists by not only saving capitalism by destroying the socialist [[Great Society]] programs, before he left office the two communist monoliths, Russia and China, converted to capitalism. America had fought two horrible, violent wars in Korea and Vietnam against the spread of leftist ideology and institutions, to a stalemate. Reagan saved the planet from communist slavery, and Democrats hated him for it.

===Libya===
In the 1980s, [[Muammar al-Gaddafi]] became a sponsor of [[terrorism]]. President [[Ronald Reagan]] ordered a retaliatory bombing of his palace and key Libyan targets in April 1986 during Operation El Dorado Canyon. At the time, Gaddafi, [[Fidel Castro]], and [[Leonid Brezhnev]] were considered to be an "unholy trinity".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=rVXuAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22unholy+trinity%22&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22unholy+trinity%22 Time Inc., 1982], [[Time Magazine]]</ref>
[[Image:Reagan and Thatcher.jpg‎|right|225px|thumb|Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher at the [[White House]]]]
===Thatcher on Reagan===

Upon his death, [[Margaret Thatcher]], in very ill health from a series of strokes, insisted upon traveling to America to bid farewell to her old friend, and taped a stirring tribute to him:
{{cquote|'''As Prime Minister, I worked closely with Ronald Reagan for eight of the most important years of all our lives. We talked regularly both before and after his presidency. And I have had time and cause to reflect on what made him a great president. Ronald Reagan knew his own mind. He had firm principles - and, I believe, right ones. He expounded them clearly, he acted upon them decisively. ''When the world threw problems at the White House, he was not baffled, or disorientated, or overwhelmed. He knew almost instinctively what to do.'''''

'''When his aides were preparing option papers for his decision, they were able to cut out entire rafts of proposals that they knew 'the Old Man' would never wear. When his allies came under Soviet or domestic pressure, they could look confidently to Washington for firm leadership. And when his enemies tested American resolve, they soon discovered that his resolve was firm and unyielding. ''Yet his ideas, though clear, were never simplistic. He saw the many sides of truth.'' Yes, he warned that the Soviet Union had an insatiable drive for military power and territorial expansion; but he also sensed it was being eaten away by systemic failures impossible to reform. Yes, he did not shrink from denouncing Moscow's 'evil empire'.'''

'''But he realized that a man of goodwill might nonetheless emerge from within its dark corridors. So the President resisted Soviet expansion and pressed down on Soviet weakness at every point until the day came when communism began to collapse beneath the combined weight of these pressures and its own failures. And when a man of goodwill did emerge from the ruins, President Reagan stepped forward to shake his hand and to offer sincere cooperation. ''Nothing was more typical of Ronald Reagan than that large-hearted magnanimity - and nothing was more American.'''''<ref>[http://reagan2020.us/eulogies/thatcher.asp Margaret Thatcher on Ronald Reagan]</ref>}}

==Post-presidency==
[[Image:5.jpg|left|thumb|250px|President Bush presents the Medal of Freedom Award to Former President Ronald Reagan in the East Room of the White House, 01/13/93]]
Reagan retired to California. He would occasionally involve himself in politics, including a speech in Britain addressing the [[Tiananmen Square massacre]], and an address at the 1992 Republican National Convention.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/14/world/reagan-gets-a-red-carpet-from-british.html Reagan Gets A Red Carpet From British], [[The New York Times]], June 14, 1989, "''You cannot massacre an idea, you cannot run tanks over hope. You cannot riddle a people's yearning with bullets. Those heroic Chinese students who gave their lives have released the spirit of democracy and it cannot be called back. That spirit is loose upon the world this spring''."</ref><ref>[http://www.nbcuniversalarchives.com/nbcuni/clip/5112542724_007.do President Reagan Speaks Out on Tiananmen Square Massacre], [[NBC]]</ref>

At a speech in front of the National Association of Broadcasters on April 13, 1992, Reagan was assaulted by a radical anti-nuclear protester masquerading as a press agent.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/16/us/protester-at-reagan-speech-had-press-credentials.html Protester at Reagan Speech Had Press Credentials], [[The New York Times]]</ref> The protester, identified as Rick Paul Springer, was the founder of a group called ''The 100th Monkey''.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1993-07-16/news/mn-13621_1_las-vegas Man Who Disrupted Reagan Speech Flees 4-Month Jail Term]</ref> At the event, Reagan was awarded a 2-foot statue for his contributions to broadcasting, made out of crystal weighing nearly 30 pounds.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/14/us/reagan-unhurt-after-man-smashes-30-pound-statue.html Reagan Unhurt After Man Smashes 30-Pound Statue], [[The New York Times]]</ref> When Springer smashed the statue, some shards did hit Reagan, but he was not hurt.

After the secret service rushed the man off stage, Reagan asked the crowd "Was that a democrat by chance?",<ref>[http://www.deseretnews.com/article/221028/NUCLEAR-PROTESTER-RUSHES-REAGAN-SMASHES-STATUE.html?pg=all NUCLEAR PROTESTER RUSHES REAGAN, SMASHES STATUE]</ref> to which the crowd burst into laughter.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NaLMmcY3vs0 President Reagan Attacked at NAB Convention Las Vegas April 1992 480p], [[CBS News]] video from 1992</ref> A spokesman for the [[Secret Service]] said that he was not sure how Springer got so close to Reagan to begin with.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1992-04-19/news/vw-684_1_secret-service-protection How Do You Really Protect a President?], [[Los Angeles Times]]</ref>

On January 13, 1993 President George H. W. Bush awarded Reagan the Presidential [[Medal of Freedom]]. Reagan was becoming increasingly forgetful. His last public appearance was on April 27, 1994, at the funeral for President Richard Nixon.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ewc1V-KnRMYC&pg=PA182 Ronald Reagan: A Biography]</ref> In November 1994, he announced that he had been diagnosed in August with [[Alzheimer's disease]], a degenerative nerve disorder that annihilates the victim's mental capacity.

([[See Reagan's letter to the American people regarding his disease.]])

He died at his [[Los Angeles|Bel Air]] home on June 5, 2004 at the age of 93, making him the second-longest lived president in history after [[Gerald Ford]]. Reagan was buried at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation and Library, located in Simi Valley, California, on June 11, 2004.<ref>[http://www.reaganfoundation.org/listviewf.aspx?session_args=NCrq/CB0Nbp/onw6gOr7mg==&p=LM2002EX&tx=13&h1=7&h2=3&sw=lm_exhibit&lm=libraryandmuseum&args_a=cms&args_b=32&argsb=N Exhibitions]</ref>

==Legacy and Honors==
[[Image:Reagan at the Rotunda.jpg|right|thumb|150px|The State of California donated a statue of Reagan to the [[National Statuary Hall Collection]] in 2009. The statue is currently in the Rotunda.<ref>[https://www.aoc.gov/capitol-hill/national-statuary-hall-collection/ronald-wilson-reagan Ronald Wilson Reagan]</ref>]]
There is growing consensus among scholars, both conservative and liberal, that he was the most influential president since [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]. Reagan left a major imprint on American politics, diplomacy, culture, and economics.<ref>"As of this writing, among academic historians, the Reagan revisionists—who view the 1980s as an era of mixed blessings at worst, and of great forward strides in some renditions—hold the field," reports Doug Rossinow, "Talking Points Memo," in American Quarterly 59.4 (2007) p. 1279. For more historiographical support see: Troy (2009); Hayward (2009); Wilentz (2008); also Charles L. Ponce de Leon, "The New Historiography of the 1980s" in ''Reviews in American History,'' Volume 36, Number 2, June 2008, pp. 303-314; Whitney Strub, "Further into the Right: The Ever-Expanding Historiography of the U.S. New Right," ''Journal of Social History,'' Volume 42, Number 1, Fall 2008, pp. 183-194; Kim Phillips-Fein, "Ronald Reagan: Fate, Freedom, and Making of History," ''Enterprise & Society'', Volume 8, Number 4, December 2007, pp. 986-988.</ref>

On March 26, 1982, Reagan's boyhood home in Dixon, Illinois<ref>[https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/presidents/ronald_reagan_boyhood_home.html Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home]</ref> was added to the National Register of Historic Places.<ref>[http://www.discoverdixon.org/dixon-community/70-reagan-s-roots.html Reagan's Roots]</ref> In 2002, Congress authorized<ref>[https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/400/text/pl To authorize the Secretary of the Interior to establish the Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home National Historic Site, and for other purposes]</ref> the purchase of the property and placed under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service.<ref>[http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2002-02-07/news/0202070346_1_boyhood-home-reagan-home-historic-site Reagan home is a historic site], [[Chicago Tribune]]</ref>

Reagan has come to be known by some conservatives as '''Ronaldus Magnus'''.<ref>[http://moonbattery.com/?p=66847 Vintage Christmas Address From Ronaldus Magnus], [[Moonbattery]]</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIAVrsmO_1Q Rush Limbaugh- Tribute To Ronald Reagan Part 1], Segment from the [[Rush Limbaugh]] TV show, February 6, 1996</ref>

The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, [[Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport]], and the aircraft carrier [[USS Ronald Reagan]] (CVN-76) are named in his honor.<ref>[http://www.reagan.navy.mil/ USS Ronald Reagan]</ref><ref>[http://www.uscarriers.net/cvn76history.htm USS RONALD REAGAN], USS ''Ronald Reagan'' CVN 76 official website</ref>

In 2011, the Toyon Park in the [[Anaheim Hills]] area of [[Anaheim]], [[California]] was renamed the Ronald Reagan Park.<ref>{{cite news |first=Eric |last=Carpenter |title=Ronald Reagan gets park named after him |url=https://www.ocregister.com/2011/02/09/ronald-reagan-gets-park-named-after-him/ |publisher=Orange County Register |date=February 9, 2011}}</ref>

[[Edwin Feulner]], one of the founders of the [[Heritage Foundation]], described Reagan's legacy this way: "At a time when patriotism was mocked, he exposed the bankruptcy of modern liberalism and proved that true liberty is still a fighting faith."<ref>[https://www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2004/06/the-legacy-of-ronald-reagan The Legacy of Ronald Reagan], [[Heritage Foundation]]</ref>

Conservatives such as [[Grover Norquist]] and his Reagan Legacy Project have sought to name at least one major structure in each U.S. country after Reagan, resulting in a large number of structures after him.<ref>Moody, Chris; Capachi, Casey (September 15, 2017). [https://www.cnn.com/2015/09/16/politics/ronald-reagan-naming-debate-2016/index.html Why Ronald Reagan's name is everywhere]. ''CNN''. Retrieved September 15, 2017.</ref>

Liberal Democrats have had a certain level of respect for Reagan because of his influential status in American history, though they also frequently weaponize him and his quotes when criticizing conservatives.<ref>Larsen, Emily (July 19, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/unlike-other-democrats-pete-buttigieg-has-no-use-for-ronald-reagans-legacy Unlike other Democrats, Pete Buttigieg has no use for Ronald Reagan’s legacy]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 20, 2019.</ref>

===Conservative Activism===
[[Image:Reagan and Buckley.jpg|left|thumb|250px|President Reagan meets with Conservative icon [[William F. Buckley]]]]
Since Reagan's passing and even prior to it, there has been a concerted effort by [[RINOs]] to make him seem less conservative than he was during his life. There have been plenty of former democrats who switched parties and became Republicans, but few of them spent as much time helping to build the '''conservative movement''' over the decades, as well as keeping the legacy of the [[Founding Fathers]] alive.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2016/04/04/juan-williams-ronald-reagan-loved-founding-fathers.html?intcmp=obinsite Juan Williams: Ronald Reagan loved the Founding Fathers], [[Fox News]]</ref> Prior to the era of the [[Tea Party Movement]], conservative efforts and organizations have come and gone, many of which Reagan stood side by side with. The ''Town Meeting for Freedom'', which sometimes led to accusations of him being a "Bircher";<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=iuaeEX-1yKgC&pg=PA124 The Right Moment: Ronald Reagan's First Victory and the Decisive Turning]</ref> he was a member of ''Project Prayer'', which rallied after the [[Supreme Court]] banned prayer in public schools;<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=7IBuD1fC_tkC&dq=%22project+prayer%22 Ronald Reagan], by George Sullivan</ref> he appeared at rallies for groups like ''Project Alert'' and the ''Christian Anti-Communist Crusade'';<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=-nnsCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT23 Selling Ronald Reagan: The Emergence of a President]</ref> he joined the board of YAF, the [[Young Americans for Freedom]](which later became the [[Young America's Foundation]])<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=fPWPDH-0TZYC&pg=PA67 Reagan's Revolution: The Untold Story of the Campaign That Started It All]</ref> and helped make it a successful organization; and he was open for years about his love for the conservative publication [[Human Events]],<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=C1kvsToagGEC&pg=PA24 President Reagan: The Triumph of Imagination]</ref> which helped to increase its prominence. During the 1970s, Reagan helped transform the [[National Rifle Association]] into what it is today, with Reagan being the first presidential candidate they had endorsed in their then 109-year history.<ref>[http://www.thenation.com/article/how-nra-became-organization-aspiring-vigilantes-part-2/ How the NRA Became an Organization for Aspiring Vigilantes], The [[Nation magazine]]</ref>

To listen to some pundits, journalists, and other political figures, you would think Reagan changed the letter D after his name into the letter R, made a few speeches here and there, and then washed his hands of it. Nothing could be further from the truth. He spent a lifetime in the trenches once he decided to become a conservative. He was all-in. Once Reagan became president, he was not afraid to champion conservative causes, nor talk about his faith and his belief in God. He frequently talked about the importance of religious faith to a free society.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2016/02/06/ronald-reagan-remembering-champion-religious-liberty-on-his-birthday.html Ronald Reagan: Remembering the champion of religious liberty on his birthday], [[Fox News]]</ref>

==Family==
[[File:Reagan Family.jpg|left|160px|thumb|Ronald and Nancy Reagan with Patti Davis, Ron, Maureen, and Michael Reagan, 1976.]]
On January 26, 1940, Reagan married actress Jane Wyman at The Wee Kirk o' the Heather chapel in Glendale, California.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1989-08-13/local/me-908_1_forest-lawn 'Till Death Do Us Part : A Wedding at a Cemetery Might Seem Macabre, but Forest Lawn's 2 Chapels Are Booked 6 Months Ahead], [[Los Angeles Times]]</ref>

Wyman was an Oscar-winning actress for her role in the 1948 movie ''Johnny Belinda''. They had three children together: Maureen Elizabeth Reagan (1941-2001), who passed away from malignant [[melanoma]] within months of diagnosis, at age 60; [[Michael Reagan|Michael Edward Reagan]] (b. 1945-),<ref>Michael Reagan is the adopted son of Wyman and Reagan. See conservapedia.com: "[[Michael Reagan]]"</ref> and Christine Reagan (June 26 & 27, 1947). She was born prematurely and survived only one day. The baby's death traumatized Wyman. In 1948, Wyman (who married a total of four times) divorced Reagan in 1948. Ironically, Wyman was a Republican at the time while Reagan was a Democrat.

A year later, he met actress [[Nancy Davis]] (b. 1921). In 1952 they married at the Little Brown Church in Studio City, California.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2016/03/07/reagans-church-is-big-in-japan/ Reagan's Church in L.A. is 'Big in Japan']</ref> They remained married until his death in 2004. Together they had two children, Patricia "Patti" Ann Davis (b. 1952) and [[Ron P. Reagan|Ronald Prescott Reagan]] (b. 1958).

==Sense of humor==
The opposite of many of today's politicians, Reagan had an excellent sense of humor<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BTIfGFJqLko</ref>. When he had almost been assassinated, he removed his oxygen mask and cracked a joke "I hope you're all Republicans"<ref>https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/i-hope-you-are-all-republicans-john-j-miller/</ref>. Reagan also poked fun at his age multiple times, such as when he answered a question in a debate against Walter Mondale about his age his response included the words "I am not going to exploit for political purposes my opponent's youth and inexperience"<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fJhCjMfRndk</ref>. The one-liner was so humorous and clever that even Mondale genuinely laughed at it.
==Miscellaneous Facts==
*Reagan was the first president to break the so-called "Curse of Tippecanoe," i.e., the first president elected in a twenty-year cycle who did not die in office (although an attempt was made on his life in 1981).
*At 69, Reagan was the oldest man elected to the presidency for a first term.
*Reagan loved [[jelly bean]]s.<ref>[https://reaganlibrary.archives.gov/archives/reference/jellybellies.html JELLY BELLY JELLY BEANS AND RONALD REAGAN]</ref> The blueberry flavor was made in his honor. [[Jelly Belly]] even created a Ronald Reagan [[portraits|portrait]] out of jelly beans.<ref>[https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2146733/Art-thats-good-eat-Incredible-jelly-bean-portraits-use-10-000-sweets.html Art that’s good enough to eat: Incredible jelly bean portraits that each use more than 10,000 sweets]</ref>
*After his death, some of his closest supporters wished to put him on the $10 bill.<ref>[https://money.cnn.com/2004/06/08/news/economy/reagan_hamilton/index.htm Reagan the new face of the $10 bill?], [[CNN]]</ref>
*Reagan played college football player [[George Gipp]] in the film ''Knute Rockne: All American'' (1940), and was affectionately known as "The Gipper" ever since.<ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/208420/taxing-experience A Taxing Experience], [[National Review]]</ref>
*Reagan signed Proclamation 5018 declaring 1983 the [[Year of the Bible]].
*The booth where Ronald proposed to Nancy from the restaurant ''Chasen's'' is on display at the Reagan Library.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/2003/oct/14/local/me-reagan14 Reagan Library to Roll Out Renovated Galleries, Exhibits]</ref>
*Reagan kept a small plaque on his desk with the words "There is no limit to what a man can do or where he can go if he does not mind who gets the credit".<ref>[https://www.reaganfoundation.org/ronald-reagan/the-presidency/reagan-the-man/ Reagan the Man], Reagan Foundation</ref>

== Quotes ==
{{main|Ronald Reagan Quotes}}

==See also==
* [[Ronald Reagan's First Inaugural Speech]]
* [[Ronald Reagan's 1980 Republican National Convention Speech]]
* [[Ronald Reagan's 1984 Republican National Convention Speech]]
* [[How Ronald Reagan won the Cold War]]
* [[Limited government]]
* [[Conservatives]] and [[Libertarians]]
* [[Encroaching Control: Keep Government Poor and Remain Free]]
* [[Ronald Reagan's speech on KAL 007#Text of the speech|Ronald Reagan's Speech on KAL 007]]
* [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]]
* [[U.S. Peace Council]]
* [[Reagan revolution]]
* [[Richard Clarke]]
* [[List of Conservative or pro-Conservative Hollywood stars]]
* [[Conservative media#Hollywood Conservatives|Hollywood conservatives]]
* [[Essay:List of celebrities who support the Second Amendment]]
* [[Loyal Davis]]
* [[Let Them Go Their Way]] - Reagan's speech to CPAC, 1975
* [[Ronald Reagan's Address to Young Americans for Freedom]], 1975
* [https://mises.org/library/sad-legacy-ronald-reagan-0 Libertarian criticism of Reagan concerning big government]
* [[Kate Smith]], whom Reagan honored with the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] in 1982

==Further reading==
see Bibliography for much more detailed guide.
* Berman, Larry, ed. ''Looking Back on the Reagan Presidency'' (1990), essays by academics
* Busch, Andrew E.; "Ronald Reagan and the Defeat of the Soviet Empire" in ''Presidential Studies Quarterly''. Vol: 27. Issue: 3. 1997. pp 451+. [http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst;jsessionid=HhHYNGdT18XmGxylZNJQhdSjrtry2j8zYD2pLstvcnSLFqC9JzvF!-313427117?docId=5000522864 online edition] by conservative
* Cannon, Lou. ''President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime '' Public Affairs. (2nd ed 2000) 948 pp. best full-length biography [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=88989671 online edition]
* Cannon, Lou. ''Governor Reagan: His Rise to Power'' detailed biography
* Flamm, Michael and John Ehrman. ''Debating the Reagan Presidency'' (2009), key issues explained; includes primary sources
* Berman William C. ''America's Right Turn: From Nixon to Bush.'' (1994).
* Brownlee, W. Elliot and Hugh Davis Graham, eds. ''The Reagan Presidency: Pragmatic Conservatism and Its Legacies'' (2003)
* Campagna; Anthony S. ''The Economy in the Reagan Years: The Economic Consequences of the Reagan Administrations'' Greenwood Press. 1994 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=28144725 online edition], by conservative
* Cannon, Lou. ''Ronald Reagan: The Presidential Portfolio''. (2001) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=101553874 online edition]
* Ehrman, John. ''The Eighties: America in the Age of Reagan.'' (2005), by conservative historian
* Griscom Tom. "Core Ideas of the Reagan Presidency." In Thompson, ed., ''Leadership,'' 23–48.
* Hayward, Steven F. ''The Age of Reagan, 1964-1980: The Fall of the Old Liberal Order'' (2001)
* Hayward, Steven F. ''The Age of Reagan: The Conservative Counterrevolution: 1980-1989'' (2009) [https://www.amazon.com/Age-Reagan-Conservative-Counterrevolution-1980-1989/dp/1400053579/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1258861343&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Hulten Charles R. and Isabel V. Sawhill, eds. ''The Legacy of Reaganomics: Prospects for Long-Term Growth.'' (1994).
* Jones, Charles O. ed. ''The Reagan Legacy: Promise and Performance'' (1988) essays by political scientists
* [http://www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/si/2004/aug/knopfAUG04.asp Jeffrey W. Knopf, "Did Reagan Win the Cold War?"] ''Strategic Insights'', Volume III, Issue 8 (August 2004)
* Kyvig, David. ed. ''Reagan and the World'' (1990), scholarly essays on foreign policy
* Langston, Thomas S. "Reassessing the Reagan Presidency," ''Presidential Studies Quarterly,'' Vol. 34, 2004 [http://www.questia.com/read/5006516145?title=Reassessing%20the%20Reagan%20Presidency online edition]
* Levy, Peter B. ''Encyclopedia of the Reagan-Bush Years'' (1996), short articles [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=77341841 online edition]
* Matlock, Jack. ''Reagan and Gorbachev: How the Cold War Ended.'' (2004) by the conservative US ambassador to Moscow
* Pach, Chester. "The Reagan Doctrine: Principle, Pragmatism, and Policy." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly''(1): 75–88. Fulltext in SwetsWise and Ingenta; Reagan declared in 1985 that the U.S. should not "break faith" with [[anti-Communist]] resistance groups. However, his policies varied as differences in local conditions and US security interests produced divergent policies toward "freedom fighters" in Afghanistan, Nicaragua, Mozambique, Angola, and Cambodia.
* Patterson, James T. ''Restless Giant: The United States from Watergate to Bush vs. Gore.'' (2005), standard scholarly synthesis of the era
* Pemberton, William E. ''Exit with Honor: The Life and Presidency of Ronald Reagan'' (1998) short, favorable biography by historian [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=49534236 online edition]
* Reagan Ronald. ''An American Life.'' (1990). his second autobiography
* Reeves, Richard. ''President Reagan: The Triumph of Imagination'' (2005) detailed analysis by historian
* Sullivan, George.''Mr. President'' (1997). for middle schools
* Schmertz, Eric J. et al. eds. ''Ronald Reagan's America'' 2 Volumes (1997) articles by scholars and officeholders [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=15343830 vol 1 online][http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=28729700 vol 2 online]
* Schweizer, Peter. ''Reagan's War: The Epic Story of His Forty Year Struggle and Final Triumph Over Communism'' (2002), by conservative
* Thomas, Tony. ''The Films of Ronald Reagan'' (1980)
* Troy, Gill. ''Morning in America: How Ronald Reagan Invented the 1980s'' (2004). Study of Reagan's image.
* Troy, Gill. ''The Reagan Revolution: A Very Short Introduction'' (2009) [https://www.amazon.com/Reagan-Revolution-Short-Introduction-Introductions/dp/0195317106/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1258861138&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Wilentz, Sean. ''The Age of Reagan: A History, 1974-2008'' (2008), major narrative history by liberal historian who says Reagan transformed America

==Detailed Bibliography==
===Biographies===
* Benze, Jr. James G. ''Nancy Reagan: On the White House Stage'' (2005), [https://www.amazon.com/Nancy-Reagan-White-Modern-Ladies/dp/070061401X/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317375&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Benze James G. "Nancy Reagan: China Doll or Dragon Lady?" ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 20 (fall 1990): 777-90
* Cannon, Lou. ''President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime '' Public Affairs. (2nd ed 2000) 948 pp. full-length biography [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=88989671 online edition]
* Diggins, John. ''Ronald Reagan‎'' (2008), 528 pages, by leading conservative historian.
* D'Souza, Dinesh. ''Ronald Reagan: How an Ordinary Man Became an Extraordinary Leader'' (1999), popular. [https://www.amazon.com/Ronald-Reagan-Ordinary-Became-Extraordinary/dp/0684848236/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317303&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Evans, Thomas W. ''The Education of Ronald Reagan: The General Electric Years'' (2006) [https://www.amazon.com/Education-Ronald-Reagan-Conversion-Conservatism/dp/0231138601/ref=sr_1_5/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317183&sr=1-5 excerpt and text search]
* Morris, ''Edmund. Dutch: A Memoir of Ronald Reagan'' (1999), includes fictional material [https://www.amazon.com/Dutch-Memoir-Ronald-Edmund-Morris/dp/0375756450/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317223&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Pemberton, William E. ''Exit with Honor: The Life and Presidency of Ronald Reagan'' (1998) short biography by historian [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=49534236 online edition]
* Reeves, Richard. ''President Reagan: The Triumph of Imagination'' (2005) detailed analysis by historian
* Sullivan, George.''Mr. President'' (1997). for middle schools
* Sutcliffe, Jane. ''Ronald Reagan‎'' (2008) 48 pages; for elementary school; [https://books.google.com/books?id=_H_u21ebGcsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:reagan&lr=&as_drrb_is=b&as_minm_is=1&as_miny_is=2007&as_maxm_is=12&as_maxy_is=2009&num=30&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES excerpt and text search]

===Reagan before 1981===
* Brennan Mary C. ''Turning Right in the Sixties: The Conservative Capture of the GOP.'' University of North Carolina Press, 1995
* Burbank, Garin. "Governor Reagan and California Welfare Reform: the Grand Compromise of 1971." ''California History'' 1991 70(3): 278–289. Issn: 0162-2897
* Burbank, Garin. "Governor Reagan's Only Defeat: The Proposition 1 Campaign in 1973." ''California History'' 72 (winter 1993-94): 360–73.
* Burbank, Garin. "Speaker Moretti, Governor Reagan, and the Search for Tax Reform in California, 1970-1972" ''The Pacific Historical Review'' Vol. 61, No. 2 (May, 1992), pp. 193–214 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0030-8684%28199205%2961%3A2%3C193%3ASMGRAT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-E online in JSTOR]
* Cannon, Lou. ''Governor Reagan: His Rise to Power'' Public Affairs. detailed biography [https://www.amazon.com/Governor-Reagan-His-Rise-Power/dp/1586480308/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317275&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Dallek, Matthew. ''The Right Moment: Ronald Reagan's First Victory and the Decisive Turning Point in American Politics.'' (2004). Study of 1966 election as governor.
* DeGroot, Gerard J. "'A Goddamned Electable Person': the 1966 California Gubernatorial Campaign of Ronald Reagan." ''History'' 1997 82(267): 429–448. Issn: 0018-2648 Fulltext: in Swetswise, Ingenta and Ebsco
* DeGroot, Gerard J. "Ronald Reagan and Student Unrest in California, 1966-1970." ''Pacific Historical Review'' 1996 65(1): 107–129. Issn: 0030-8684 Fulltext: in Jstor
* Drew, Elizabeth. ''Portrait of an Election: The 1980 Presidential Campaign.'' (1981).
* Ferguson, Thomas and Joel Rogers, eds. ''The Hidden Election: Politics and Economics in the 1980 Presidential Campaign,'' 1981.
* Germond, Jack W. and Jules Witcover. ''Blue Smoke & Mirrors: How Reagan Won & Why Carter Lost the Election of 1980''. (1981). Detailed journalism.
* Hayward, Steven F. ''The Age of Reagan, 1964-1980: The Fall of the Old Liberal Order'' (2001)
* Hayward, Steven F. ''The Age of Reagan: The Conservative Counterrevolution: 1980-1989'' (2009) [https://www.amazon.com/Age-Reagan-Conservative-Counterrevolution-1980-1989/dp/1400053579/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1258861343&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Hamilton Gary G., and Nicole Woolsey Biggart. ''Governor Reagan, Governor Brown: A Sociology of executive Power.'' (1984).
* Moore, Glen. "Ronald W. Reagan's Campaign for the Republican Party's 1968 Presidential Nomination." ''Proceedings and Papers of the Georgia Association of Historians'' (1992) 12[i.e., 13]: 57–70. Issn: 0275-3863

===Politics and Domestic issues ===
* Aldrich, John H., and David W. Rohde. ''Change and Continuity in the 1984 Elections.'' (1987)
* Amaker Norman C. ''Civil Rights and the Reagan Administration.'' Urban Institute Press, 1988
* Berman, Larry, ed. ''Looking Back on the Reagan Presidency'' (1990), essays by academics
* Berman William C. ''America's Right Turn: From Nixon to Bush.'' Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.
* Birnbaum Jeffrey H., and Alan S. Murray. ''Showdown at Gucci Gulch: Lawmakers, Lobbyists, and the Unlikely Triumph of Tax Reform.'' 1987.
* Boskin Michael J. ''Reagan and the Economy: The Successes, Failures, and Unfinished Agenda.'' ICS Press, 1987.
* Brownlee, W. Elliot and Hugh Davis Graham, eds. ''The Reagan Presidency: Pragmatic Conservatism and Its Legacies'' (2003)
* Busch, Andrew E. ''Reagan's Victory: The Presidential Election of 1980 and the Rise of the Right,'' (2005) [http://www.claremont.org/publications/crb/id.1103/article_detail.asp online review by Michael Barone]
* Campagna; Anthony S. ''The Economy in the Reagan Years: The Economic Consequences of the Reagan Administrations'' Greenwood Press. 1994 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=28144725 online edition]
* Cannon, Lou. ''Ronald Reagan: The Presidential Portfolio''. Public Affairs. (2001) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=101553874 online edition]
* Cook, Daniel M. and Polsky, Andrew J. "Political Time Reconsidered: Unbuilding and Rebuilding the State under the Reagan Administration." ''American Politics Research''(4): 577–605. ISSN 1532-673X Fulltext in SwetsWise. Argues Reagan slowed enforcement of pollution laws and transformed the national education agenda.
* Derthick Martha, and Paul J. Quirk. ''The Politics of Deregulation.'' Brookings Institution, 1985
* Detlefsen, Robert R. ''Civil Rights under Reagan'' Institute for Contemporary Studies, 1991 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=85749844 online edition]
* Eads George C., and Michael Fix, eds. ''The Reagan Regulatory Strategy: An Assessment.'' Urban Institute Press, 1984
* Ehrman, John. ''The Eighties: America in the Age of Reagan.'' (2005)
* Evans Rowland, and Robert Novak. ''The Reagan Revolution.'' 1991.
* Ferguson Thomas, and Joel Rogers, ''Right Turn: The Decline of the Democrats and the Future of American Politics'' 1986.
* Germond Jack W., and Jules Witcover. ''Wake Us When It's Over: Presidential Politics of 1984.'' 1985.
* Marshall R. Goodman; ''Managing Regulatory Reform: The Reagan Strategy and Its Impact'' Praeger Publishers, 1987 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=43165555 online edition]
* Greider William. ''The Education of David Stockman and Other Americans.'' 1982. Stockman was Reagan's budget chief
* Griscom Tom. "Core Ideas of the Reagan Presidency." In Thompson, ed., ''Leadership,'' 23–48.
* Hulten Charles R. and Isabel V. Sawhill, eds. ''The Legacy of Reaganomics: Prospects for Long-Term Growth.'' C.: Urban Institute Press, 1994.
* Johnson, Haynes. ''Sleepwalking through History: America in the Reagan Years'' (1991) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=104836392 online edition]
* Jones, Charles O. ed. ''The Reagan Legacy: Promise and Performance'' (1988) essays by political scientists
* Karier, Thomas. ''Great Experiments in American Economic Policy: From Kennedy to Reagan'' (1997) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=15083874 online edition]
* Laham, Nicholas. ''The Reagan Presidency and the Politics of Race: In Pursuit of Colorblind Justice and Limited Government'' 1998. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=14220230 online edition]
* Levy, Peter B. ''Encyclopedia of the Reagan-Bush Years'' (1996), short articles [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=77341841 online edition]
* Minarik Joseph J. ''Making America's Budget Policy. From the 1980s to the 1990s.'' M. E. Sharpe, 1990.
* Palmer, John L., and Isabel V. Sawhill. ''The Reagan Record,'' 1984. economics and sociology
* Patterson, James T. ''Restless Giant: The United States from Watergate to Bush vs. Gore.'' (2005), standard scholarly synthesis.
* Rayack; Elton. ''Not So Free to Choose: The Political Economy of Milton Friedman and Ronald Reagan'' (1987) hostile critique [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=24670801 online edition]
* Sahu, Anandi P. and Ronald L. Tracy; ''The Economic Legacy of the Reagan Years: Euphoria or Chaos?'' Praeger Publishers, 1991 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=59361760 online edition]
* Salamon Lester M., and Michael S. Lund. eds. ''The Reagan Presidency and the Governing of America'' 1985. articles by political scientists
* Schmertz, Eric J. et al. eds. ''Ronald Reagan's America'' 2 Volumes (1997) articles by scholars and officeholders [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=15343830 vol 1 online][http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=28729700 vol 2 online]
* Shirley, Craig. ''Reagan's Revolution: The Untold Story of the Campaign That Started It All'' (2005) on 1976 campaign; [https://www.amazon.com/Reagans-Revolution-Untold-Campaign-Started/dp/0785260498/ref=pd_cp_b_1?pf_rd_p=413864201&pf_rd_s=center-41&pf_rd_t=201&pf_rd_i=0700614087&pf_rd_m=ATVPDKIKX0DER&pf_rd_r=0SWJK392VVCTPEDPDKJE excerpt and text search]
* Weatherford, M. Stephen and Mcdonnell, Lorraine M. "Ronald Reagan as Legislative Advocate: Passing the Reagan Revolution's Budgets in 1981 and 1982." ''Congress & the Presidency'' (2005) 32:1 pp 1–29. Fulltext in Ebsco; Argues RR ignored the details but played a guiding role in setting major policies and adjudicating significant trade-offs, and in securing Congressional approval.

===Foreign affairs===
* Arnson, Cynthia J. ''Crossroads: Congress, the Reagan Administration, and Central America'' Pantheon, 1989.
* Baucom Donald R. ''The Origins of SDI, 1944-1983.'' University Press of Kansas, 1992.
* Bell Coral. ''The Reagan Paradox: American Foreign Policy in the 1980s.'' Rutgers University Press, 1989.
* Beschloss Michael R., and Strobe Talbott. ''At the Highest Levels: The Inside Story of the End of the Cold War.'' 1993
* Busch, Andrew E.; "Ronald Reagan and the Defeat of the Soviet Empire" in ''Presidential Studies Quarterly''. Vol: 27. Issue: 3. 1997. pp 451+.
* Dobson, Alan P. "The Reagan Administration, Economic Warfare, and Starting to Close down the Cold War." ''Diplomatic History''(3): 531–556. Fulltext in SwetsWise, Ingenta and Ebsco. Argues Reagan's public rhetoric against the USSR was harsh and uncompromising, giving rise to the idea that his administration sought to employ a US defense buildup and NATO economic sanctions to bring about the collapse of the USSR. Yet many statements by Reagan and Shultz suggest they desired negotiation with the Soviets from a position of American strength, not the eventual demise of the USSR.
* Draper, Theodore. '' A Very Thin Line: The Iran-Contra Affair'' (1991)
* Fitzgerald, Frances. ''Way Out There in the Blue: Reagan, Star Wars and the End of the Cold War''. political history of S.D.I. (2000). ISBN.
* Ford, Christopher A. and Rosenberg, David A. "The Naval Intelligence Underpinnings of Reagan's Maritime Strategy." ''Journal of Strategic Studies''(2): 379–409. Fulltext in Ingenta and Ebsco; Reagan's maritime strategy sought to apply US naval might against Soviet vulnerabilities on its maritime flanks. It was supported by a major buildup of US naval forces and aggressive exercising in seas proximate to the USSR; it explicitly targeted Moscow's strategic missile submarines with the aim of pressuring the Kremlin during crises or the early phases of global war. The maritime strategy represents one of the rare instances in history when intelligence helped lead a nation to completely revise its concept of military operations.
* Garthoff, Raymond L. ''The Great Transition: American-Soviet Relations and the End of the Cold War'' (1994), detailed narrative by a hostile critic [http://www.questia.com/read/29069917?title=The%20Great%20Transition%3a%20American-Soviet%20Relations%20and%20the%20End%20of%20the%20Cold%20War online edition]
* Haftendorn, Helga and Jakob Schissler, eds. ''The Reagan Administration: A Reconstruction of American Strength?'' Berlin: Walter de Guyer, 1988. by European scholars
* Hall, David Locke. ''The Reagan Wars: A Constitutional Perspective on War Powers and the Presidency'' Westview Press, 1991 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=87551275 online edition]
* [http://www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/si/2004/aug/knopfAUG04.asp Jeffrey W. Knopf, "Did Reagan Win the Cold War?"] ''Strategic Insights'', Volume III, Issue 8 (August 2004)
* Kyvig, David. ed. ''Reagan and the World'' (1990), scholarly essays on foreign policy
* Lagon, Mark P. ''The Reagan Doctrine: Sources of American Conduct in the Cold War's Last Chapter'' (1994) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=9161896 online edition]
* LeoGrande, William M. ''Our Own Backyard: The United States in Central America, 1977-1992'' (1998)
* Matlock, Jack. ''Reagan and Gorbachev: How the Cold War Ended.'' (2004) by the US ambassador to Moscow [https://www.amazon.com/Reagan-Gorbachev-How-Cold-Ended/dp/0679463232/ref=sr_1_2/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194316986&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]
* Pach, Chester. "The Reagan Doctrine: Principle, Pragmatism, and Policy." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 2006 36(1): 75–88. Issn: 0360-4918 [http://www.questia.com/read/5015817882?title=The%20Reagan%20Doctrine%3a%20Principle%2c%20Pragmatism%2c%20and%20Policy online edition]
* Salla, Michael E. and Ralph Summy, eds. ''Why the Cold War Ended: A Range of Interpretations'' (1995). [http://www.questia.com/read/22889072 online edition]
* Schmertz, Eric J. et al. eds. ''Ronald Reagan and the World'' (1997) articles by scholars and officeholders
* Shultz, George P. ''Turmoil and Triumph My Years As Secretary of State'' (1993)
* Schweizer, Peter. ''Reagan's War: The Epic Story of His Forty Year Struggle and Final Triumph Over Communism'' (2002)
* Suri, Jeremi. "Explaining the End of the Cold War: A New Historical Consensus?" ''Journal of Cold War Studies'' - Volume 4, Number 4, Fall 2002, pp. 60–92 in [[Project Muse]]
* Thomas W. Walker; ''Reagan Versus the Sandinistas: The Undeclared War on Nicaragua'' (1987) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=65710540 online edition]
* Wallison, Peter J. ''Ronald Reagan: The Power of Conviction and the Success of His Presidency.'' (2003). 282 pp.
* Wapshott, Nicholas. '' Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher: a political marriage‎'' (2007) 336 pages [https://books.google.com/books?id=5HOuTL508F0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:reagan&lr=&as_drrb_is=b&as_minm_is=1&as_miny_is=2007&as_maxm_is=12&as_maxy_is=2009&num=30&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES excerpt and text search]
* Wills, David C. ''The First War on Terrorism: Counter-Terrorism Policy during the Reagan Administration.'' 2004.

===Rhetoric, media and values===
* Aden, R. C. "Entrapment and Escape: Inventional Metaphors in Ronald Reagan's Economic Rhetoric." ''Southern Communication Journal'' 54 (1989): 384-401
* Dallek, Robert. ''Ronald Reagan: The Politics of Symbolism.'' (1999)
* Denton Jr., Robert E. ''Primetime Presidency of Ronald Reagan: The Era of the Television Presidency'' (1988) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=23088126 online edition]
* Diggins, John Patrick. ''Ronald Reagan: Fate, Freedom, and the Making of History'' (2007) Reagan as follower of Emerson, by leading historian of ideas
* Jane Feuer; Seeing through the Eighties: Television and Reaganism'' Duke University Press, 1995 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=98148093 online edition]
* FitzWater, Marlin . ''Call the Briefing! Bush and Reagan, Sam and Helen, a Decade with Presidents and the Press''. 1995. Memoir by Reagan's press spokesman.
* Goodnight, G. Thomas. "Ronald Reagan's Re-formulation of the Rhetoric of War: Analysis of the 'Zero Option,' 'Evil Empire,' and 'Star Wars' Addresses." ''Quarterly Journal of Speech'' 72 (1986): 390–414.
* Greffenius, Steven. ''The Last Jeffersonian: Ronald Reagan's Dreams of America''. June, July, & August Books. 2002.
* Hertsgaard, Mark. ''On Bended Knee: The Press and the Reagan Presidency'' 1988. criticizes the press
* Hoeveler, J. David. ''Watch on the Right: Conservative Intellectuals in the Reagan Era.'' University of Wisconsin Press, 1991.
* Houck, Davis, and Amos Kiewe, eds. ''Actor, Ideologue, Politician: The Public Speeches of Ronald Reagan'' (Greenwood Press, 1993) [http://www.questia.com/SM.qst?act=adv&contributors=Davis W. Houck&dcontributors=Davis+W.+Houck online edition]
* Jones, John M. "'Until Next Week': The Saturday Radio Addresses of Ronald Reagan" ''Presidential Studies Quarterly.'' Volume: 32. Issue: 1. 2002. pp 84+.
* Kengor, Paul. ''God and Ronald Reagan: A Spiritual Life'' Regan Books, 2004. ISBN.
* Kiewe, Amos, and Davis W. Houck. ''A Shining City on a Hill: Ronald Reagan's Economic Rhetoric, 1951-1989.'' 1991.
* Lewis, William F. "Telling America's Story: Narrative Form and the Reagan Presidency", ''Quarterly Journal of Speech'': 280–302
* Longley, Kyle, Jeremy D. Mayer, Michael Schaller, and John W. Sloan. ''Deconstructing Reagan: Conservative Mythology and America’s Fortieth President,'' (M.E. Sharpe, 2007. xviii, 150 pp. isbn 978-0-7656-1591-6.)
* Meyer, John C. "Ronald Reagan and Humor: A Politician's Velvet Weapon", ''Communication Studies'' 41 (1990): 76–88.
* Moore, Mark P. "Reagan's Quest for Freedom in the 1987 State of the Union Address." ''Western Journal of Communication'' 53 (1989): 52–65.
* Muir, William Ker. ''The Bully Pulpit: The Presidential Leadership of Ronald Reagan'' (1992), examines his speeches
* Noonan, Peggy. ''When Character Was King: A Story of Ronald Reagan'' (2001) memoir by a Reagan speechwriter
* Ormanm John. ''Comparing Presidential Behavior: Carter, Reagan, and the Macho Presidential Style'' Greenwood Press, 1987 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=15388519 online edition]
* Ritter, Kurt W. ''Ronald Reagan: The Great Communicator.'' Greenwood, 1992. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=29047567 online edition]
* Shogan, Colleen J. "Coolidge and Reagan: The Rhetorical Influence of Silent Cal on the Great Communicator", ''Rhetoric & Public Affairs'' 9.2 online at Project Muse; argues that Coolidge and Reagan shared a common ideological message, which served as the basis for modern conservatism. Even without engaging in explicitly partisan rhetoric, Reagan's principled speech served an important party-building function.
* Stuckey, Mary. ''Getting Into the Game: The Pre-Presidential Rhetoric of Ronald Reagan.'' Praeger, 1989
* Stuckey, Mary. ''Playing the Game: The Presidential Rhetoric of Ronald Reagan.'' Praeger, 1990. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=24414026 online edition]
* Thomas, Tony. ''The Films of Ronald Reagan'' (1980)
* Troy, Gill. ''Morning in America: How Ronald Reagan Invented the 1980s'' (2004). Study of Reagan's image.
* Michael Weiler and W. Barnett Pearce; ''Reagan and Public Discourse in America'' University of Alabama Press, 1992 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=59353372 online edition]
* Wills, Garry. ''Reagan's America: Innocents at Home''. (1987)

===Primary sources===
* [http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publications/ERP/ Council of Economic Advisors, ''Economic Report of the President'' (annual 1947- )], complete series online; important analysis of current trends and policies, plus statistcial tables
* Reagan Ronald, and Richard G. Hubler. ''Where's the Rest of Me?'' (1965). first autobiography
* Reagan Ronald. ''An American Life.'' (1990). second autobiography [https://www.amazon.com/American-Life-Ronald-Reagan/dp/0743400259/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317128&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Reagan Ronald. ''The Creative Society: Some Comments on Problems Facing America.'' 1968.
* Reagan Ronald. ''Abortion and the Conscience of the Nation.'' 1984.
* Reagan Ronald. ''Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Ronald Reagan. 1981-1989.'' 8 vols. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1982–91.
* Reagan, Ronald. ''[[Reagan, In His Own Hand]]: The Writings of Ronald Reagan That Reveal His Revolutionary Vision for America'' (2001) [https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0743219384/ref=sib_dp_pt/103-4827826-5463040#reader-link excerpt and text search]
* Reagan, Ronald. ''The Reagan Diaries: Extended Selections‎'' ed. by Douglas Brinkley (2007)
* Skinner, Kiron K. et al., eds. ''Reagan's Path to Victory: The Shaping of Ronald Reagan's Vision: Selected Writings'' (2004), 450 radio talks from late 1970s

====Primary sources by Reagan associates====
* Anderson, Martin. ''Revolution: The Reagan Legacy'' (1990)
* Haig, Alexander. ''Inner Circles: How America Changed the World'' (1994). Haig was Secretary of State 1981-82
* Deaver, Michael, and Mickey Herskowitz. ''Behind the Scenes''. 1987. Memoir by a top aide.
* Meese Edwin. ''With Reagan: The Inside Story.'' Regnery Gateway, 1992.
* Niskanen William A. ''Reaganomics: An Insider's Account of the Policies and the People.'' Oxford University Press, 1988.
* Reagan, Nancy. ''My Turn: The Memoirs of Nancy Reagan'' (1989)
* Reagan Maureen. ''First Father, First Daughter: A Memoir.'' 1989.
* Reagan Michael and Joe Hyams. ''On the Outside Looking In.'' 1988.
* Regan Donald T. ''For the Record. From Wall Street to Washington.'' 1988; Treasury Secretary and Chief of Staff
* Shultz, George P. ''Turmoil and Triumph My Years As Secretary of State'' (1993) Schulz was Secretary of State 1982-89
* Stahl, Lesley. "Reporting Live" (1999) memoir by TV news reporter
* Stockman David A. ''The Triumph of Politics: How the Reagan Revolution Failed.'' 1986. Stockman was Budget Director in 1981-82
* Thompson Kenneth W., ed. ''Foreign Policy in the Reagan Presidency: Nine Intimate Perspectives.'' University Press of America, 1993.
* Thompson Kenneth W., ed. ''Leadership in the Reagan Presidency: Seven Intimate Perspectives.'' 1992.
* Thompson Kenneth W., ed. ''Leadership in the Reagan Presidency, Part II: Eleven Intimate Perspectives.'' University Press of America, 1993.
* Weinberger, Caspar. ''In the Arena: A Memoir of the 20th Century'' (1991), by the Defense Secretary

===Government documents===
* Council of Economic Advisors. ''Economic Report of the President,'' (annual, 1981-1988), detailed analysis of economic issues
* U.S. Census Bureau, ''Statistical Abstract of the United States'' annual compilation of over 1000 tables of data.

===Other===
* Schweikart, Larry, ''[https://www.amazon.com/Reagan-American-President-Larry-Schweikart/dp/1642930822/ Reagan: The American President]'' (2019; [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/05/07/ronald-reagan-larry-schweikart/ review]).

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
*[https://reaganlibrary.archives.gov/archives/photographs/history.html Historical Photographs], from the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum
*[https://reaganlibrary.gov/major-speeches-index Ronald Reagan's Major Speeches, 1964-89]
*[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1101040614-646317,00.html Time Magazine Article on ''The All-American President'']
*[https://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/rr40.html White House Official Page]
*[http://www.simonsays.com/content/book.cfm?tab=1&pid=537924&agid=2 The Passing of a Conservative] - by Alfred Regnery
*[http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/ Reagan's Presidential Library]
*[http://imdb.com/name/nm0001654/ Actor Bio At IMDB]
*[http://www.ronaldreaganmemorial.com/ Official Memorial]
*[http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Ronald_Reagan Quotations by Ronald Reagan]
*[http://reagan2020.us/ Reagan 2020] Reagan 2020 is the Internet's most comprehensive resource on Ronald Reagan.
*[http://www.acuf.org/principles/p_philos.asp "Our Philosophy of Government"] Speech by President Ronald Reagan, March 2, 1981
*[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/211049/abortion-and-conscience-nation-nro-primary-document Abortion and the Conscience of the Nation] While president, Ronald Reagan penned this article for The Human Life Review, unsolicited.
* [https://librivox.org/author/11305 Works by Ronald Reagan - text and free audio] - [[LibriVox]]
*[http://davekopel.org/Misc/OpEds/Ronald-Reagan-extremist-collaborator.html Ronald Reagan, Extremist Collaborator], by Dave Kopel
*Hawkins, Awr (April 25, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/04/25/ronald-reagan-seek-inflict-harm-not-fazed-gun-control-laws/ Ronald Reagan: ‘Those Who Seek to Inflict Harm Are Not Fazed by Gun Control Laws’]. ''Breitbart News''.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reagan, Ronald Wilson}}
{{USPresidents}}
{{Conservatism}}

[[Category:Reagan Era]]
[[Category:Featured articles]]
[[Category:California Governors]]
[[Category:Republican Governors]]
[[Category
[[Category:Cold War]]
[[Category:United States History]]
[[Category:New Deal]]
[[Category:Actors]]
[[Category:Conservatives]]
[[Category:Libertarians]]
[[Category:Labor Union Leaders]]
[[Category:Fiscal Conservatives]]
[[Category:Tax Revolts]]
[[Category:Former Liberals]]
[[Category:Irish-Americans]]
[[Category:Republicans]]
[[Category:Former Democrats]]
[[Category:Former Governors]]
[[Category:Anti-Communism]]
[[Category:Pro Second Amendment]]
[[Category:Southern California]]
[[Category:California]]
[[Category:Hollywood]]
[[Category:Patriots]]
[[Category:Conservative Authors]]
[[Category:Libertarian Authors]]
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]
[[Category:Liberal Conservatism]]
[[Category:Best Selling Authors]]
[[Category:DINOs]]
[[Category:Former Democrats]]
[[Category:California]]
[[Category:Illinois]]
[[Category:Capitalists]]
[[Category:Anti-establishment]]
[[Category:Populists]]
[[Category:Ronald Reagan]]
[[Category:The 100 Americans The Left Hates Most]]

Ronald Wilson Reagan

2021-09-11T03:01:44Z

Aidanram0:

{{Officeholder
|name=Ronald Wilson Reagan
|image=Ronald-reagan by kinstler.jpg
|party=[[Republican]] (formerly [[Democrat]])
|spouse= Jane Wyman [[Nancy Davis Reagan]]
|religion=[[Presbyterian]]
|offices=
{{Officeholder/president
|country=the United States
|number=40th
|terms=January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989
|vp=[[George H. W. Bush]]
|preceded=[[Jimmy Carter]]
|former=y
|succeeded=[[George H. W. Bush]]
}}
{{Officeholder/governor
|number=33rd
|state=California
|terms=January 2, 1967 – January 6, 1975
|preceded=[[Pat Brown|Edmund G. "Pat" Brown, Sr.]]
|former=y
|succeeded=[[Jerry Brown|Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown, Jr.]]
}}
|military=y
|allegiance=United States
|branch=Army Reserve, Air Force
|serviceyears=1937-1946
|rank=Captain
}}
'''Ronald Wilson Reagan''' (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) served as the 40th [[President of the United States of America]] from 1981 to 1989. He was the 33rd Governor of [[California]] (1967–1975), following a successful career in film and television. He has been widely recognized as one of the greatest American Presidents and an important part of the conservative movement from the late 1970s to the present. His victorious presidential debate with Jimmy Carter a week before the 1980 presidential election was the most-watched presidential debate in history until [[Donald Trump]]'s first debate with [[Hillary Clinton]] in 2016.

Reagan was a [[movement conservative]] who succeeded in moving the nation to the right in terms of reducing federal regulation and lowering taxes. He promoted individual liberty and the conviction that government was the problem and private enterprise the solution. He cut taxes but despite his proposals, spending and the federal deficit went up. After a short sharp recession early in his first term, the economy was strong by 1984. Proclaiming "It's Morning Again in America", Reagan carried 49 of 50 states to win reelection. He moved the [[Supreme Court]] and the federal courts to the right with his appointments.

Reagan's [[Supply-side economics|supply-side economic]] policies were based on the [[libertarian]] ideas of [[Milton Friedman]] and the [[Chicago School of Economics]]. "Reaganomics" was based on the idea that tax cuts will spur savings and investment. Reagan was strongly opposed to the concept of [[Big government]], advocating a reduction in the size and budget of the federal government. During his terms in office, he faced a divided Congress split between Republican and Democratic control for six of his eight years as president. Reagan was known for forging alliances with "[[Conservative Coalition|boll weevil]]" (conservative) Democrats to overcome the apparent majority led by Democratic Speaker [[Tip O'Neill]].

In foreign affairs, Reagan rejected ''détente'' with the [[Soviet Union]], but not with [[China]]. His massive defense buildup forced the Soviets to confront their crumbling financial base. He rejected the legitimacy of Communism and in the [[Reagan Doctrine]] systematically challenged and eventually destroyed Soviet strength in the Third World. After 1986 the new leadership of [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] who tried desperately to rescue Communism by cutting its losses; they came to terms with Reagan; the Communist empire collapsed in 1989 a few months after Reagan left office, and Communism was abolished (and Gorbachev repudiated) by Russia in 1991. Reagan is thus credited with achieving victory in the Cold War.<ref>Knopf (2004)</ref><ref>Multiple references:
*Pinkerton, James P. (November 10, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2019/11/10/pinkerton-thirty-years-after-fall-wall-lets-recall-ronald-reagan-man-who-called-it/ Pinkerton: Thirty Years After the Fall of the Wall, Let’s Recall Ronald Reagan, the Man Who Called It]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
*Akan, Emel (November 20, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/lessons-from-reagans-epochal-battle-against-communism_3152456.html Reagan’s Epochal Battle Against Communism Offers Lessons]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
*Edards, Lee (December 26, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/national-security/474669-how-ronald-reagan-won-the-cold-war How Ronald Reagan won the Cold War]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 26, 2019.</ref>

Always distrustful of nuclear weapons, Reagan initiated [[missile defense]] (SDI), a space-based system to defend against nuclear missiles. The inability of the Soviet Union to match this new technological breakthrough forced it to agree to Reagan's terms for ending the Cold War. In leading the rollback of Communism in Europe, he battled powerful liberal forces that called instead for détente (peaceful relations) with Communism. As the Soviet system faltered and Gorbachev accepted Reagan's terms, ensured an unprecedented level of nuclear disarmament. His signature phrase in dealing with Communists was "trust, but verify."

In his most famous challenges to Communism, Reagan went to the Brandenburg Gate and gave the Soviets the American terms for ending the Cold War: "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!" The Soviets were forced to agree, and watched their empire collapse overnight in late 1989, a few months after Reagan was succeeded as president by his Vice President [[George H.W. Bush]]. At the closing of his presidency, Reagan compared America to that "[[Shining city upon a hill]]", a beacon of Liberty for all who still live in the darkness of totalitarian rule.<ref>[https://dailycaller.com/2011/02/04/reagan-shining-city-hill/ Reagan saw the shining city on the hill], [[Daily Caller]]</ref>

As a great communicator, and leader of the Republican party, he added a new base of "Reagan Democrats" (blue-collar workers who were social conservatives), religious [[evangelical]]s, and [[neoconservative]]s; his success became the model for Republicans into the 21st century.

By all accounts, including by many of his adversaries, Reagan was a highly intelligent individual with an excellent sense of humor. He also contributed many new well-thought-through [[insight]]s to the general public that were not previously available.<ref>Tear Down This Wall, Laffer Curve, etc. See [[conservative insights]]</ref>
[[File:Reagan's signature.jpg|Right|285px|thumb|Ronald Reagan's signature]]
[[File:Reagan-at-durenberger-rally.jpg|Right|500px|thumb|Ronaldus Magnus]]

== Reagan's Conservatism ==
In a speech, immediately after assuming the presidency in 1981, he outlined his philosophy. After listing "intellectual leaders like [[Russell Kirk]], [[Friedrich Hayek]], [[Henry Hazlitt]], [[Milton Friedman]], [[James Burnham]], [[Ludwig von Mises]]" as the ones who "shaped so much of our thoughts," he discussed only one of these influences at length:

*It's especially hard to believe that it was only a decade ago, on a cold April day on a small hill in upstate New York, that another of these great thinkers, [[Frank Meyer]], was buried. He'd made the awful journey that so many others had: He pulled himself from the clutches of "The [communist] God That Failed,'' and then in his writing fashioned a vigorous new synthesis of traditional and libertarian thought -- a synthesis that is today recognized by many as modern conservatism.

*It was [[Frank Meyer]] who reminded us that the robust individualism of the American experience was part of the deeper current of Western learning and culture. He pointed out that a respect for law, an appreciation for tradition, and regard for the social consensus that gives stability to our public and private institutions, these civilized ideas must still motivate us even as we seek a new economic prosperity based on reducing government interference in the marketplace.

*Our goals complement each other. We're not cutting the budget simply for the sake of sounder financial management. This is only a first step toward returning power to the States and communities, only a first step toward reordering the relationship between citizen and government. We can make government again responsive to the people by cutting its size and scope and thereby ensuring that its legitimate functions are performed efficiently and justly.<ref>[http://acuf.org/issues/issue13/040606news.asp Ronald Reagan's Conservative Legacy, ACUF]</ref> Reagan rose to power speaking of [[Traditional values]] such as hard work, faith, family, God and patriotism (ideas that liberals call "racist"). Reagan strongly opposed progressive taxation, redistribution of wealth, the welfare state, and nationalization.

Political analyst Henry Olsen argues in ''The Working Class Republican'' that Reagan's political views were more closely aligned with [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] than typically thought, and that Reagan was more of a traditional blue-collar, working-class conservative than a libertarian.<ref>Olsen, Henry (2017). ''The Working Class Republican''. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 9780062475268.</ref><ref>Hayward, John (November 1, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/radio/2017/11/01/henry-olsen-reagan-trump-blue-collar-coalitions-mirror-images/ Henry Olsen: Reagan and Trump Blue-Collar Coalitions Are ‘Mirror Images of Each Other’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 3, 2017.</ref>

==Early life==
[[File:Ronald Reagan Young Boy.jpg|left|160px|thumb|Jack Reagan, Neil, Ronald, and his mother Nelle (from left to right) Photograph circa 1916–17.]]
Reagan was born in [[Tampico, Illinois]], the second son of John (Jack) Edward and Nelle Wilson Reagan. The family finally settled in Dixon, Illinois in 1920 after years of moving from town to town. Jack Reagan nicknamed his younger son “Dutch", claiming he looked like “a fat little Dutchman.”<ref>[http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/facts.html Ronald Reagan Facts]: Physical Description, Favorites, Dislikes, Firsts in Life, Nickname, and Religion</ref> Reagan's father was a working-class Irish Catholic, and an active Democrat. Unemployed during the [[Great Depression]], Jack Reagan held a minor position in the [[WPA]] during the [[New Deal]]. Reagan recalled numerous alcoholic episodes that cost his father many job opportunities. Nelle Reagan, a devout member of the [[Disciples of Christ]], greatly influenced her son, who remained a lifelong Protestant.
[[File:Reagan_graduation.jpg|right|160px|thumb|1932 photo taken after his graduation from Eureka College]]
He attended [[Eureka College]], a small Disciples school where he developed a reputation as a "jack of all trades", excelling in campus politics, sports and theater. Reagan was a member of several athletic organizations including the football and track teams, the basketball cheerleading squad, and captain of the swimming team. He was also yearbook editor and was elected student body president. Reagan was a political liberal at that point and led a student revolt against the college president. In his first year at Eureka, the president of the college tried to cut back the faculty. Reagan helped organize a student strike. He received his degree in economics and sociology in 1932.<ref>[http://www.asanet.org/students/famous.cfm Famous Sociology Majors]</ref>

To pay for college, Reagan worked many low-wage jobs such as cooking hamburgers and washing tables. He also worked as a lifeguard at Lowell Park on the Rock River in Dixon for seven summers, where he saved seventy-seven swimmers from drowning.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/reagan/ Timeline of Ronald Reagan’s Life], [[PBS]]</ref>

After college Reagan became a radio sports announcer in Iowa. Although he was originally only hired to announce the [[University of Iowa]] football games, he became so popular in the Midwest he began covering Chicago Cubs baseball games at Wrigley Field. He also wrote sports columns in the Des Moines ‘’Dispatch’’.

===Reagan as Disciple===
Reagan took religious values into the presidency that he learned from his [[Disciples of Christ]] background at home and at Eureka College, a Disciples school. He was strongly influenced by Ben Hill Cleaver, the minister of the First Christian Church<ref>The formal name of the denomination is the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ).</ref> in Dixon, Illinois, during the 1920s, and by Reagan's mother, Nelle, an active member of the church. At many points the positions taken by the Disciples Church of Reagan's youth coincided with the words, if not the beliefs of the latter-day Reagan. These positions included faith in Providence, the association of America's mission with God's will, belief in progress, trust in the work ethic and admiration for those who achieved wealth, an uncomfortableness with literature and art that questioned the family or challenged notions of proper sexual behavior, the presumption that poverty is an individual problem best left to charity rather than the state, sensitivity to problems involving alcohol and drugs, and reticence to use government to protect civil rights for minorities. Reagan's experiences in the church and with the Cleavers provided early training in public speaking and offered a way of learning in which acting played a central part. Reagan's use of the jeremiad and his fusing of Judeo-Christianity and patriotism into a civil religion also have their roots in this early period. For her part, Nelle was a pillar of the church and the one who provided stability to the shaky Reagan family when the head was drunkard and a poor provider. She helped spark her son's interest in acting and believed the stage could be a force for noble purposes.<ref>Stephen Vaughn, "The Moral Inheritance of a President: Reagan and the Dixon Disciples of Christ." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 1995 25(1): 109-127. 0360-4918</ref>

==Hollywood==
[[File:Reagan1953.jpg|thumb|left|250px|1953 film ''Law and Order'', starring Reagan and Dorothy Malone]]
In 1937 Reagan traveled to [[Hollywood]] to cover the Chicago Cubs's spring training games and look at prospects in the film industry. Warner Brothers studio offered him a one-year contract with a starting salary of $200 a week. He made his first on-screen debut in the 1937 movie ''Love is On the Air'',<ref>[http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/161292|0/Love-is-On-the-Air.html Love is on the Air]</ref> then became famous starring in numerous "B" movies, where he typically played a supporting character rather than the leading role. In 1941 Reagan gave a well-received performance in the [[Academy Award|Oscar]] nominated film ''Kings Row''. Other notable movies include ''Knute Rockne'', ''The Hasty Heart'', and the film ''Brother Rat'', which is where Reagan first met his future wife Jane Wyman.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=7rBLCZuEOswC&pg=PA189 President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime]</ref> During the war Reagan was in the Air Force where he was assigned to make training films.

===Military Service===
Intertwined with his career as an actor, Reagan also served in the military. He enlisted in the Army Enlisted Reserve on April 29, 1937, and transferred to the Army Air Forces (AAF) in 1942.<ref name=service>[https://reaganlibrary.archives.gov/archives/reference/military.html Military Service of Ronald Reagan]</ref> Poor eyesight kept him from being sent into overseas combat. He would instead produce training films for the AAF Public Relations and subsequently, to the 1st Motion Picture Unit in Culver City, California.

By the end of the war, his units had produced some 400 training films for the Army Air Forces. He resumed his Hollywood career on release in 1946, and his Reserve Commission automatically terminated on April 1, 1953.

While serving, Reagan was promoted several times. On January 4, 1943, he was promoted to First Lieutenant. On July 22, 1943, was promoted to Captain.<ref name=service />

===Return to Hollywood===
[[Image:Reagantheater.jpg‎|right|thumb|205px|Ronald Reagan and General Electric Theater. 1954–62.]]
Reagan's movie career faded in the late 1940s but he made a successful transition to television, especially as a host, and became a celebrity on the speakers' circuit. He traveled the country as a motivation speaker for [[General Electric]], attracting highly appreciative audiences for his polished, witty speeches based on a wide reading in current events and libertarian economic principles. Reagan also starred in the 1960s television series ''[[Death Valley Days]].'' By 1964, he had appeared in more than fifty films.

===Friendship with Billy Graham===
Reagan first met [[Billy Graham]] in the mid 1950s<ref name=focus>[http://jimdaly.focusonthefamily.com/a-story-of-billy-graham-and-ronald-reagan/ A Story of Billy Graham and Ronald Reagan], [[Focus on the Family]]</ref><ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/story/2004/06/08/transcript-ronald-reagan-friendship-with-billy-graham.html Transcript: Ronald Reagan's Friendship With Billy Graham], [[Fox News]]</ref> around the time that Reagan started with GE, and they remained friends for many years.

Graham was very impressed with Reagan's ability to effectively manage criticism with politeness, reason, and conviction. Graham wrote of Reagan in relating a story of a pastor from Dallas: "Ron had not only changed a man's mind, but he had done it with charm, conviction, and humor - traits I would see repeatedly as I got to know him."<ref name=focus />
[[Image:Reagan-LPcover.jpg|thumb|100px|left]]
===Operation Coffee Cup===
{{main|Operation Coffee Cup}}

During the 1950s and 1960s, Reagan teamed up with the [[American Medical Association]] to produce a campaign against government-run universal healthcare, warning citizens that if the government controls your healthcare, they control you.

Together with the AMA, they produced the LP record ''Ronald Reagan Speaks Out Against Socialized Medicine''.

===Union president===
Reagan jumped into union politics and was elected to five terms as president of the [[Screen Actors Guild]], a labor union for movie actors and part of the [[AFL]]. As SAG President he traveled across the country giving speeches on behalf of actors. Until the 1950s Reagan was an avid liberal Democrat who strongly supported the [[New Deal]] of [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] and the [[Fair Deal]] of [[Harry S. Truman]]. He often campaigned on behalf of the [[New Deal Coalition]], such as [[Helen Gahagan Douglas]]'s 1950 run for Senator of California.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=U2cs7IHERBwC&pg=PA43 Ronald Reagan's Journey: Democrat to Republican]</ref> There was talk of running Reagan for president of the AFL itself.<ref>Ronald Reagan, [https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0743400259/ref=sib_dp_srch_bod?v=search-inside&keywords=truman ''An American Life'' (1990) p 132]</ref>

Reagan was thus the only president to lead a [[labor union]], a bastion of liberalism. Reagan himself was a registered Democrat well into the 1950s, but as head of the Screen Actors Guild he fought against Communist infiltration. In 1947 he became an FBI informant, known by the bureau as informant "T-10",<ref>[http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,959749,00.html Unmasking Informant T-10], [[Time Magazine]]</ref><ref>[http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1985-08-26/news/8502040928_1_fbi-interviews-reagan-and-wyman-informant Reagan Reportedly Was Fbi Informer In 1940s]</ref> and testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee. Reagan expressed some reservation with the FBI, asking one agent "Do they expect us to constitute ourselves as a little FBI of our own and determine just who is a Commie and who isn't?"<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=I4-UBnd20K4C&pg=PA155 Ronald Reagan in Hollywood: Movies and Politics]</ref> Peggy Noonan wrote, "Even in his zeal to purge the communist influence from [[Hollywood]], he fought those who engaged in witch hunts and defended those who had been falsely accused of involvement."

==Democrat to Republican==
While remaining a Democrat in the 1950s, Reagan started to increasingly hold conservative points of view. After actively supporting [[Richard Nixon]]'s campaign for president in 1960, Reagan switched political parties and officially became a Republican in 1962. He realized that he had diverged greatly from the tax-and-spend liberalism of the Democratic Party. As a part of Reagan's change in viewpoints, he came to be a fan of former president [[Calvin Coolidge]], and would later replace a painting of Truman with that of Coolidge in the White House Cabinet Room.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/04/opinion/calvin-reagan.html Calvin Reagan], [[The New York Times]]</ref>

==1964==
Conservatives nationwide saw Reagan as their new star when his campaigning for Senator [[Barry Goldwater]] in 1964 was better received than Goldwater's own speeches. He raised an unprecedented eight million dollars for Goldwater. Despite Goldwater's defeat, Reagan's 1964 "[[Time for Choosing]]" speech helped launch his political career and made him became a probable candidate for governor of California.

==Governor of California (1967–1975)==
[[Image:Reagangovernor.jpg‎|left|thumb|275px|Ronald Reagan and Nancy Reagan at the Victory celebration for California Governor at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles, California 11/8/66.]] In the 1966 gubernatorial campaign, conservatives generally supported Reagan over George Christopher, the Republican mayor of [[San Francisco]]. Reagan defeated Christopher, and incumbent [[liberal]] [[Democrat]] [[Pat Brown]] in the general election, taking fifty-three of California's fifty-eight counties. Reagan's strategists wanted to emphasize libertarian support for smaller government and less taxation, as the state verged on a revolt against high property taxes. As student and black unrest exploded in the headlines, Reagan's call for [[Law and order]] won the votes of former liberals. Reagan's victory marked the end of New Deal liberalism in California.<ref>Dallek, Matthew. "Liberalism Overthrown." ''American Heritage'' (1996) 47(6): 39+ Fulltext online at Ebsco</ref>

Reagan inherited an enormous budget deficit from the Brown administration. In his first year as Governor, Reagan froze government spending and cut ten percent of the spending budget in each department of the government. At the end of his two terms, the $194 million deficit had been transformed into a $550 million surplus. The ''San Francisco Chronicle'' editorialized, "We exaggerate very little when we say that Reagan has saved the state from bankruptcy.<ref>[http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1980 1980 Reagan VS. Carter VS. Anderson]</ref>

When coming into office there was a growing number of anarchist protesters at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] over the United States' involvement in the [[Vietnam War]]. The protests would become violent. Reagan sent the state police and later the national guard to handle the riots. It allowed him to showcase his populist themes of morality, [[Law and order]], strong leadership, and defense of traditional values. Reagan was reelected in 1970, after firing the president of the state university and sending in armed force to confront student demonstrators. Reagan's handling of this crisis helped to make him into a national politician known for strength and courage.<ref>Gerard DeGroot, "Reagan's Rise." ''History Today'' (1995) 45(9): 31-36. Issn: 0018-2753 Fulltext online at Ebsco</ref>

Governor Reagan briefly tested the presidential waters in 1968 as part of a "Stop Nixon" movement, but drew back when he saw [[Richard Nixon]]'s strength.

Governor Reagan also attempted to clean up radicalism at other college campuses. [[Angela Davis]], a member of the [[Communist Party USA]], was also a professor of philosophy at [[UCLA]]. Reagan wrote that "I, nor the board will tolerate any Communist activities at any state institution... any member of the Communist Party is barred from teaching at this institution."<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=OwhvBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA140 African Americans and Criminal Justice: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia]</ref>

Welfare spending was a major issue in the 1970 election; with 10% of the nation's population, California had 16% of its welfare recipients. Reagan promised to cut the welfare spending by rooting out fraud and abuse, by requiring recipients to take jobs, and by collecting from dead-beat fathers. Democrats in the legislature supported a much more liberal bill, which advocated the welfare rights of the poor. Reagan personally worked out a compromise that passed and won considerable praise and some criticism. Its savings to taxpayers proved small, but it represented an important political achievement for both parties. Reagan benefited as well, emerging from the compromise as a more experienced and effective politician.<ref>Burbank (1991)</ref>

Reagan supported and signed laws to liberalize [[abortion]] in California (before the Supreme Court issued ''[[Roe v. Wade]]''), but later turned strongly against abortion.

Reagan's gubernatorial style, which carried over into his presidency, was expansive in looking only at the big picture, and choosing talented staffers who were given the power to handle all the details. Reagan seldom paid attention to the minute details of his own policies. Reagan was a powerful communicator, through press conferences and public appearances, with an uncanny knack for precise timing to make the maximum impact.<ref>Hamilton and Biggart, (1984); Ritter (1992)</ref>

Liberals across the country were puzzled by Reagan and decided that he was a weak reactionary who would be easy to defeat if he ran for president. California liberals explained they were all wrong, that Reagan was the most formidable Republican since Eisenhower.

In 1970, he was re-elected by a landslide against challenger "Big Daddy" Jesse Unruh.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/06/obituaries/jesse-unruh-a-california-political-power-dies.html Jesse Unruh, A California Political Power, Dies], [[The New York Times]]</ref> But in 1974, he chose not to seek a third term and was succeeded by liberal Democrat [[Jerry Brown]].

In 1974, the [[Symbionese Liberation Army]] abducted [[Patty Hearst]] and demanded a redistribution of food to the poor. Governor Reagan quipped: "It's just too bad we can't have an epidemic of botulism".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=PAvTCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA288 Days of Rage: America's Radical Underground, the FBI, and the Forgotten Age of Revolutionary Violence]</ref>

Three Lieutenant Governors served with Reagan: Robert Finch(67-69), Edwin Reinecke(69-74), John L. Harmer(74-75).

===Events and achievements as governor===

*Called in the [[National Guard]] to restore order when "People's Park" protesters began attacking police, and restored order to California's chaotic university campuses. Reagan authorized the use of force against the rioting protesters in Berkeley, saying, "If there has to be a bloodbath, then let's get it over with. No more appeasement." In the resulting chaos, 111 police officers were injured, and police fired buckshot into the crowd, sending over a dozen people to the hospital with shotgun wounds, 3 with punctured lungs and 1 with a shattered leg, and fatally wounded James Rector, who had been attacking the police.<ref>[http://police.berkeley.edu/about_UCPD/ucpdhistory.html#anchor178048 "History topic: People's Park"] University of California, Berkeley - Police Department (August 2006)</ref><ref>''San Francisco Chronicle'', early morning edition, May 15, 1969</ref><ref>[http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2004/06/08_reagan.shtml Ronald Reagan launched political career using the Berkeley campus as a target] (June 8, 2004)</ref><ref>[https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/02/video-ronald-reagans-press-conference-after-bloody-thursday/284045/ Video: Ronald Reagan's Press Conference After 'Bloody Thursday'] (February 2014)</ref><ref>[http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,904149,00.html California: Postscript to People's Park], [[Time Magazine]] archive, February 16th, 1970, Note: Fee required to read article.</ref>

*Led a comprehensive and far-reaching revision of California's massive public assistance programs, actually increasing benefits to the truly needy.

*Worked well with the Democrats to forge consensus on a variety of issues.

*Despite pressure within his own party, Reagan publicly opposed the Briggs Initiative which helped its defeat at the ballot in 1978.

*Signed the nation's first no-fault divorce law

*Signed the Therapeutic Abortion Law, which had the effect of increasing the availability of legal abortion in California - later Reagan expressed regret for this<ref>[https://www.lifenews.com/2008/03/11/nat-3790/ Revisionist History: Misrepresenting President Ronald Reagan’s Abortion Record], [[LifeSiteNews]]</ref><ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/223437/reagans-darkest-hour-paul-kengor-patricia-clark-doerner Reagan's Darkest Hour, "Therapeutic" abortion in California.], [[National Review]]</ref><ref>[http://cnsnews.com/news/article/president-reagan-put-his-pro-life-stance-center-stage-supporting-march-life President Reagan Put His Pro-Life Stance Center Stage In Supporting the March for Life], [[CNSNews.com]]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=-dSvWrJ6ooAC&pg=PA64 The Essential Ronald Reagan: A Profile in Courage, Justice, and Wisdom]</ref> and even wrote a [[pro-life]] pamphlet while he was president.

==Nationally Syndicated Radio==
From 1975 to 1979, Reagan gave over 1000 radio addresses to listeners in 20-30 million homes each week.<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/programs/static/national-recording-preservation-board/documents/ReaganOnRadio.pdf Ronald Reagan Radio Broadcasts]</ref> In one particular address, he discussed the California abortion bill he had signed, along with some additional observations.

<blockquote>A bill had been introduced in the California legislature to make abortion available upon demand. The pro and anti forces were already marshaling their troops, and emotions were running high. Then the author of the bill sent word down that he'd amend his bill to anything I felt I could sign. The ball - to coin a cliche - was in my court. Suddenly I had to have a position on abortion.

I did more studying and soul-searching than on any thing that was to face me as governor. I discovered that neither medicine, law, or theology had ever really found a common ground on the subject. Some believed an unborn child was no more than a growth on the body female and she should be able to remove it as she would her appendix. Others felt a human life existed from the moment the fertilized egg was implanted in the womb. Strangely enough, the same legislature that couldn't agree on abortion had unanimously passed a law making it murder to abuse a pregnant woman so as to cause the death of her unborn child.

Another inconsistency - the unborn have property rights protected by law. A man can will his estate to his wife and children and any children yet to be born of his marriage. Yet the proposed abortion law would deny the unborn the protection of the law in preserving its life.

I went to the lawyers on my staff and posed a hypothetical question. What if a pregnant woman became a widow during her pregnancy and found her husband had left his fortune to her and the unborn child. Under the proposed abortion law, she could take the life of her child and inherit all of her husband's estate. Wouldn't that be murder for financial gain? The only answer I got was that they were glad I wasn't asking the questions on the bar exam.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=MH7b57xk6jIC&pg=PA52 Speaking My Mind: Selected Speeches]</ref></blockquote>

==The New Republican Party==
At the 1975 [[Conservative Political Action Conference]], Reagan talked about the new Republican Party in a speech titled "''[[Let Them Go Their Way]]''", a party that was a striking contrast to the Democrat party. He called for bold colors that would be contrasted against pale pastels. This is one of Reagan's most quoted lines from any speech.<ref>[http://www.westernfreepress.com/2013/03/14/reagan-at-cpac-in-1975-let-them-go-their-way/ Reagan at CPAC in 1975: "Let Them Go Their Way"]</ref>

At the time, voters were of the belief that because Republicans did very little in the way of conservative principles and values, that there was little to no difference between the two parties. Reagan's main point was that instead of organizing a new third party, why not organize a new first party.

==Presidential Campaigns==
===1976===
[[File:1976 Republican National Convention.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Reagan and Ford at the 1976 Republican National Convention]]
{{Main|United States presidential election, 1976}}

After [[Richard Nixon]]'s resignation in 1974, the weak [[Gerald Ford]] became president, and Reagan challenged him in the 1976 Republican Party primaries. The main issue was détente with the Soviets as promoted by Ford and Secretary of State [[Henry Kissinger]], though other issues such as the [[Panama Canal]] also threw Ford off guard.<ref name=canal>[https://books.google.com/books?id=qpfzsnHAzZAC&pg=PA315 Gerald Ford and the Challenges of the 1970s]</ref> Ford won the first 13 primaries, then Reagan came roaring back. He criticized the federal government and politicians for being too large, too powerful, and too involved in American society. Reagan named liberal eastern Senator Richard Schweiker as his running mate, disappointing many of his conservative supporters.<ref>[http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1976/07/28/page/5/article/reagan-gambles-all-in-schweiker-choice Reagan gambles all in Schweiker choice]</ref> The outcome of the contest was that Ford won 26 primary contests, and Reagan won 24. The final delegate count was 1121 to 1078, Ford. 1130 delegates were needed to clinch the nomination.<ref name=seventysix>[http://www.newsweek.com/delegate-battle-1976-reagan-almost-unseated-ford-449843 Delegate Battle of '76: When Reagan Almost Beat Ford], [[Newsweek]]</ref>

At the Republican convention, victory came down to the Mississippi delegation which swung the nomination to Ford. However, given how difficult it is to run against an incumbent president in a Primary, Reagan's campaign was surprisingly strong. On the first ballot, Ford had 1,187 delegates, Reagan had 1,070.<ref name=seventysix /> Ford had succeeded in becoming the party's nominee.

After Ford was defeated in the general election, Reagan retired to his ranch in California and continued to give speeches across the country. There was little doubt that Reagan was the dominant Republican for the next election, and he easily won the nomination in 1980.

===1980===
{{Main|United States presidential election, 1980}}

Before the general election, Reagan faced a Republican primary challenge from the more moderate [[George H. W. Bush]]. Bush was highly established and respected as having served as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, ambassador to People's Republic of China and the United Nations, former chairman of the National Republican Committee, and two-term Congressman from [[Texas]]. Bush referred to Reagan's economic policies as "voodoo economics." After Bush won a surprising victory in the January 21st [[Iowa]] State primary, Reagan surged ahead after he outwitted Bush in the New Hampshire debate. During that debate, Reagan uttered the famous phrase "I'm paying for this microphone!"<ref>[https://usatelections.wordpress.com/2015/07/31/10-memorable-moments-from-past-primary-debates/ 10 memorable moments from past primary debates], [[USA Today]]</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RRI6iSrS1kc Ronald Reagan's famous line, "I am paying for this microphone"]</ref> After winning Iowa and losing New Hampshire, Bush had another win in the Massachusetts primary, then Reagan began sweeping primaries and crushed all of his opponents.<ref>[http://www.unionleader.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/99999999/NEWS0605/110509963 1980: Reagan begins his sweep], [[New Hampshire Union Leader]]</ref> Bush dropped out on May 26, leaving Reagan as the presumptive nominee. Ironically, he named George H. W. Bush as his running mate at the convention.<ref>[https://partners.nytimes.com/library/politics/camp/800717convention-gop-ra.html Reagan Wins Nomination and Chooses Bush as Running Mate After Talks With Ford Fail], [[The New York Times]]</ref>

Reagan was able to crusade against the failures of incumbent Democrat, President [[Jimmy Carter]]. There was runaway [[stagflation]], soaring [[interest rates]], persistent [[unemployment]], a series of humiliations abroad, and a weakened [[military]] in the face of growing Soviet superpower. As Reagan put it, "I'm told I can't use the word depression. Well, I'll tell you the definition. A recession is when your neighbor loses his job; depression is when you lose your job. Recovery is when Jimmy Carter loses his." The most pressing foreign policy crisis was that [[Iran]]ian President [[Ayatollah Khomeini]] was holding fifty-two Americans hostage. All of Carter's diplomatic attempts had failed.

The phrase "There you go again", which Reagan used in the Reagan-Carter Debate on October 28, 1980, became a defining phrase of the campaign.<ref>[https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/Decoder/2012/1001/Presidential-debate-what-to-look-for-beyond-who-wins-or-loses-video Presidential debate: what to look for beyond who wins or loses]</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qN7gDRjTNf4 Reagan-Carter Oct. 28, 1980 Debate - "There You Go Again"]</ref>

[[File:2000px-ElectoralCollege1980.png|right|thumb|325px|Reagan's 1980 landslide]]
Reagan feared that the [[Soviet Union]]'s military had become much more powerful then the United States'. He proposed stronger defense systems and a larger military. Carter fought back, lashing out at Reagan as a dangerous radical who would unleash nuclear war. A liberal Republican [[John Anderson]] ran a third party campaign which received 7% of the popular vote. Reagan won a landslide victory - receiving 51% of the popular vote and winning 44 of 50 states. In the 20th century, only two presidents received a larger electoral majority: Franklin Roosevelt in 1936 and Richard Nixon in 1972.<ref>[http://www.trivia-library.com/c/biography-of-us-president-ronald-reagan-part-8-campaign.htm Biography of U.S. President Ronald Reagan]</ref> His long coattails brought in the first Republican Senate in years, but the Democrats still controlled the House. The election marked the last hurrah of the New Deal era, the final collapse of the [[New Deal Coalition]] and indeed the end of liberalism as a coherent policy.<ref>Busch 2005</ref>

====Suburban Swimming Pool====
During the 1980 election, media outlets at the time used blue for republican states and red for democrat states.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMuWVsPQbwM US Election Night 1980 NBC live coverage 11-4-1980], Reagan blue-state landslide map in the background</ref><ref>[https://www.wnd.com/2012/05/how-red-states-turned-blue-and-vice-versa/ How red states turned blue and vice versa], [[WND]]</ref> [[David Brinkley]] famously said that it looked like a "suburban swimming pool."<ref>[https://www.conservativenewsandviews.com/2015/10/29/editorial/guest/dem-red-reagan-blue/ Dem red, Reagan blue]</ref> [[Time Magazine]] referred to it as "Lake Reagan."<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=20040208&id=bVNWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=qesDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6665,1584006&hl=en One state, Two state; red state blue state]</ref>

==Presidency (1981–1989)==
[[Image:Reagan 1981 Inauguration.jpg|right|thumb|325px|President Elect Reagan being sworn in for his first term in the 1981 Inauguration Ceremony at the U.S. Capitol]]
Ronald Reagan was sworn in as the 40th President of the United States on January 20, 1981. On that same day, Ayatollah released the hostages after keeping them in captivity for 444 days. At the inauguration, the invocation and benediction were delivered by Reverend Donn Moomaw, Reagan's pastor at Bel Air Presbyterian Church in Hollywood.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=wF_kAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA15-IA103 The Living Church, Volume 182]</ref>

Once in office, Reagan vowed a shift in federal power, back to states and localities.<ref name=localities>[https://www.nytimes.com/1981/03/21/us/reagan-vows-shift-in-federal-powers.html REAGAN VOWS SHIFT IN FEDERAL POWERS], [[The New York Times]]</ref> When the Federal [[Air Traffic Controllers]] struck illegally, Reagan showed he was playing hardball and gave them 48 hours before he fired all who hadn't gone back to work (11,359).

Reagan rebuffed liberals who complained he was killing the New Deal. Noting that he voted for FDR in 1932, 1936, 1940 and 1944, as well as Truman in 1948, Reagan said he was trying to repeal the ''"[[Great Society]]"'' enacted by liberals in the mid-1960s.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=68rBxuO7EsMC&pg=PA351&dq=reagan+%22great+society%22+roosevelt+truman&lr=&num=30&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES ''Eyewitness to Power''], by David Gergen, (2000) p 351</ref> During the first term of his presidency, Reagan tapped [[James A. Baker III (Secretary of State)|James A. Baker III]], [[Edwin Meese III]], and [[Michael Deaver]] to form a group known by some as "The Troika".<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1981/04/19/magazine/the-presidential-troika.html?pagewanted=all The Presidential Troika]</ref><ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=950&dat=19810806&id=02xQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=rlkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7013,1321812&hl=en The Troika], The Evening Independent</ref><ref>[http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1985-01-05/features/8501010299_1_deaver-and-meese-michael-deaver-edwin-meese Reagan Does Not Plan To Replace Deaver, Meese]</ref>

Early in his first term, he took a trip to Canada where he met with Prime Minister [[Pierre Trudeau]] and addressed the Canadian Parliament.<ref>[https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/reagan-ronald Travels of the President]</ref> While in Canada, Reagan requested to meet with [[Gordon Sinclair]], a Canadian journalist who had made international headlines for his commentary "[[The Americans]]".<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/08/03/Veteran-Toronto-broadcaster-Gordon-Sinclair-81-famous-in-the/7991365659200/ Veteran Toronto broadcaster Gordon Sinclair, 81, famous in the...]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=UP61LHTcaFMC&pg=PA84 A Salute to Service: The Rebirth of Patriotism]</ref>

Democrats in the Senate choose as their Leader the [[Exalted Cyclops]] [[Robert Byrd]], Senator from [[West Virginia]]. Over the course of Reagan's presidency, the government was forced to shutdown a total of eight times, many times due to confrontations with [[House Speaker]] [[Tip O'Neill]].<ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/360142/government-shutdowns-history-charles-c-w-cooke Government Shutdowns: A History]</ref><ref>[https://www.redstate.com/diary/willstauff/2014/02/18/tip-oneill-gop-majority-myth/ Replace Boehner with Tip O’Neill]</ref>

===Administration===
[[Image:Reaganfamily-red-rr-.jpg|right|thumb|325px|President & Mrs. Reagan with their extended family.]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Office
! Name
! Term
|-
| [[President]]
| Ronald Reagan
| 1981-1989
|-
| [[Vice President of the United States of America|Vice President]]
| [[George H.W. Bush]]
| 1981-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of State]]
| [[Alexander Haig]]
| 1981-1982
|-
|
| [[George Shultz]]
| 1982-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Treasury]]
| [[Donald Regan]]
| 1981-1985
|-
|
| [[James A. Baker III (Secretary of State)|James A. Baker III]]
| 1985-1988
|-
|
| [[Nicholas Brady]]
| 1988-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Defense]]
| [[Caspar Weinberger]]
| 1981-1987
|-
|
| [[Frank C. Carlucci]]
| 1987-1989
|-
| [[Attorney General]]
| [[William Smith]]
| 1981-1985
|-
|
| [[Edwin Meese III]]
| 1985-1988
|-
|
| [[Richard Thornburgh]]
| 1988-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of the Interior]]
| [[James G. Watt]]
| 1981-1983
|-
|
| [[William P. Clark, Jr.]]
| 1983-1985
|-
|
| [[Donald Hodel]]
| 1985-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Agriculture]]
| [[John Rusling Block]]
| 1981-1986
|-
|
| [[Richard E. Lyng]]
| 1986-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Commerce]]
| [[Howard M. Baldrige, Jr.]]
| 1981-1987
|-
|
| [[C. William Verity, Jr.]]
| 1987-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Labor]]
| [[Raymond J. Donovan]]
| 1981-1985
|-
|
| [[William E. Brock]]
| 1985–1987
|-
|
| [[Ann Dore McLaughlin]]
| 1987-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Health and Human Services]]
| [[Richard S. Schweiker]]
| 1981–1983
|-
|
| [[Margaret Heckler]]
| 1983-1985
|-
|
| [[Otis R. Bowen]]
| 1985-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Education]]
| [[Terrel Bell]]
| 1981-1985
|-
|
| [[William Bennett]]
| 1985-1988
|-
|
| [[Lauro Cavazos]]
| 1988-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Housing and Urban Development]]
| [[Samuel R. Pierce, Jr.]]
| 1981-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Transportation]]
| [[Drew Lewis]]
| 1981-1983
|-
|
| [[Elizabeth Dole]]
| 1983-1987
|-
|
| [[James H. Burnley IV]]
| 1987-1989
|-
| [[Secretary of Energy]]
| [[James B. Edwards]]
| 1981-1982
|-
|
| [[Donald Paul Hodel]]
| 1982-1985
|-
|
| [[John S. Herrington]]
| 1985-1989
|-
|}

===Assassination Attempt===
Outside the Washington Hilton Hotel<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=tMrEP4Y6whwC&pg=PA64 The Reagan Era from the Iran Crisis to Kosovo]</ref> on March 30, 1981, Reagan was shot by [[John W. Hinckley]] near the heart after giving a routine speech.<ref>The assassin was [[John Hinckley]], a mentally disturbed man who didn't shoot Reagan for political reasons, but instead did to impress an actress he had never met.</ref> Surgeons at [[George Washington University]] Hospital saved his life and despite his age, he recovered quickly. Prior to the operation, Reagan looked up at the doctors and said "I Hope you're all Republicans". Dr. Joseph Giordano, the head surgeon at GWU Hospital confirmed the story, and replied to the president "We are all Republicans today".<ref>[http://urbanlegends.about.com/od/historical/a/ronald_reagan.htm Ronald Reagan: Grace Under the Scalpel]</ref>

White House Press Secretary [[James Brady]] was shot in the head, became permanently disabled; Brady then became an icon of the [[gun control|anti-gun]] movement.

The assassination attempt came at a critical moment and disarmed the opposition in Congress, enabling Reagan to pass his major legislation even though the Democrats controlled the House.

===1984 Reelection===
[[File:2000px-ElectoralCollege1984.png|right|thumb|325px|Reagan's 1984 landslide]]
{{Main|United States presidential election, 1984}}

In 1984, Reagan was re-elected in a landslide, winning every state except Mondale's home state of Minnesota and the District of Columbia, creating a record 525 electoral vote total (of 538 possible), and received 58.8%. of the popular vote.<ref>[https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/scores.html#1984 National Archives]</ref><ref>[http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?f=0&year=1984 Leip, David: 1984 Presidential Election Results.]</ref> At the second inaugural, the Reverend Timothy Healy delivered the invocation, and the Reverend Peter Gomes delivered the benediction.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1988&dat=19850119&id=MGwiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_6sFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1381,1418388&hl=en The Argus-Press - Jan 19, 1985]</ref> In his Second Inaugural Address after winning the election, Reagan asked two of his most well-remembered questions: "''If not us, who? And if not now, when?''"

During his second term, Reagan helped end the Cold War with the help of Margaret Thatcher and some assistance from Pope John Paul II and Mikhail Gorbachev by recognizing the weakness of the Soviet economy and spent them out of existence by their not being able to compete with defense spending.

===Challenger Disaster===
On January 28, 1986, the [[Space Shuttle Challenger]] disintegrated due to O-ring failure 73 seconds after lift-off. In response, Reagan gave a speech that is regarded as a high mark of his presidency.<ref name=challenger>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/01/28/how-ronald-reagan-explained-the-challenger-disaster-to-the-world-its-all-part-of-taking-a-chance/ Exactly the right words, exactly the right way: Reagan’s amazing Challenger disaster speech], [[The Washington Post]]</ref> [[Peggy Noonan]] was chosen to write the speech who, at the time, was relatively unknown.<ref name=challenger /> In the speech, the freedom of the United States was highlighted in contrast to the tyranny of socialism, and the astronauts were honored as they were on their final journey to "touch the face of God".<ref>[http://history.nasa.gov/reagan12886.html Explosion of the Space Shuttle Challenger, Address to the Nation, January 28, 1986], by President Ronald W. Reagan, [[NASA]]</ref>

===Space Station Freedom===
In the 1984 State of the Union Address, Ronald Reagan outlined the development of a [[Space station]]. He said "We can reach for greatness again. We can follow our dreams to distant stars, living and working in space for peaceful, economic, and scientific gain."<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=40205 Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on the State of the Union], January 25, 1984</ref> The space station, later named ''Freedom''<ref>[https://mix.msfc.nasa.gov/abstracts.php?p=1653 Space Station Freedom-Artist's Concept]</ref> faced challenges and re-designs due to budget cuts.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/09/us/nasa-studying-ways-to-redesign-space-station-to-meet-budget-cut.html NASA Studying Ways to Redesign Space Station to Meet Budget Cut]</ref> It eventually evolved into the [[International Space Station]] program.<ref>[https://uhclarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/faget/industrial/freedom Space Station Freedom]</ref><ref>[http://www.iso.org/iso/home/news_index/news_archive/news.htm?refid=Ref1555 Cooperation in space - The International Space Station benefits from ISO standards]</ref>

==Domestic policy==
===School prayer and a moment of silence===
[[Image:Reagans greet Billy Graham at Prayer Breakfast 1981.jpg|right|thumb|250px|President Reagan and Nancy Reagan greeting Billy Graham at the 1981 National Prayer Breakfast]]
As a conservative, Reagan was a supporter of school prayer, with Reagan repeatedly raising the issue during his presidency.<ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/266491/ronald-reagans-prayer-legacy-stewart-mclaurin Ronald Reagan’s Prayer Legacy], [[National Review]]</ref>

Early on in his presidency, Reagan brought up the issue of prayer in schools, which was banned in 1962 by the Supreme Court in [[Engel v. Vitale]]. He proposed a constitutional amendment<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/18/us/reagan-proposes-school-prayer-amendment.html Reagan Proposes School Prayer Amendment], [[The New York Times]]</ref> that contained the following language: "Nothing in this Constitution shall be construed to prohibit individual or group prayer in public schools or other public institutions. No person shall be required by the United States or by any state to participate in prayer".

Reagan revived the issue in 1984<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=40205 Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on the State of the Union], January 25, 1984</ref> noting the beliefs of the [[Founding Fathers]] on the importance of faith. He said: "America was founded by people who believed that God was their rock of safety. He is ours. I recognize we must be cautious in claiming that God is on our side, but I think it's all right to keep asking if we're on His side." Also in 1984, the Supreme Court reviewed a case regarding a moment of silence in schools.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2245&dat=19840712&id=vogzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dDIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=5416,1067751 Reagan urges school 'moment of silence']</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1984/12/05/us/high-court-weighs-silence-in-school-for-prayer-or-meditation.html High Court Weighs Silence in School for Prayer or Meditation], [[The New York Times]]</ref> In [[Wallace v. Jaffree]], the court ruled 6–3 against.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1985-06-04/news/mn-6462_1_voluntary-prayer High Court Bars Moments of Silence for School Prayer : But Would Approve Meditation], [[Los Angeles Times]]</ref> Reagan received the support of boxing legend [[Muhammad Ali]] who said, "He's keeping God in schools and that's enough."<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2016/06/10/when-muhammad-ali-endorsed-ronald-reagan/?utm_term=.e84c75ad95f2</ref>

Toward the end of his presidency in 1987, Reagan called for Congress to act.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=NefcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA56 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Ronald Reagan, 1987]</ref> In an address to Congress on January 27, he said: "The 100th Congress of the United States should be remembered as the one that ended the expulsion of God from America's classrooms".<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/28/nyregion/high-court-accepts-appeal-of-moment-of-silence-law.html High Court Accepts Appeal of 'Moment of Silence' Law], [[The New York Times]]</ref>

===Economy===
[[Image:Reagan_desk.jpg‎|left|thumb|275px|President Reagan working at his desk in the oval office, 05/06/82.]]
As President, Ronald Reagan enacted his theory of "[[Reaganomics]]." His four major policy objectives were the following:<ref>[http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc1/Reaganomics.html Reaganomics], by William A. Niskanen</ref>

*Reduce the growth of government spending.
*Reduce the marginal tax rates on income from both labor and capital.
*Reduce government regulation of the economy.
*Control the money supply to reduce inflation.

On August 13, 1981, Reagan signed the Kemp-Roth [[Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981]] bill into law, reducing the tax burden on American citizens.
[[File:Time-8-17-81.jpg|thumb|250px| ''Time'' Aug 17, 1981. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,949316,00.html read story]]]
Fueled by an over spending [[Congress]] that steadfastly refused Reagan's budget proposals, the national debt increased 160% during his two terms in office. However, the economic growth that resulted from tax cuts made deficits as a percentage of [[GDP]] lower than what they had been in during the previous decade of stagflation. The period of high [[inflation]] and [[unemployment]] when Reagan took office was over after eight years of his presidency. In 1986 Reagan signed the [[Tax Reform Act of 1986]], which obtained an overhaul of the income tax code and eliminated many deductions and exempted millions of people with low incomes. The [[income tax]] rates of the top personal tax bracket dropped from 70% to 28% in 7 years. At the same time, Reagan sought to close tax loopholes so that the wealthy would not be able to get away with paying less tax than low to middle-income earners. By the end of his administration, the Nation was enjoying its longest recorded period of peacetime prosperity without [[recession]] or [[depression]].<ref>[https://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/rr40.html Ronald Reagan]</ref>

====PATCO Strike====
On 3 August 1981, 13,000 air traffic controllers, members of the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO), walked off the job. PATCO had supported Reagan in the 1980 election but now was making exorbitant demands regarding high raises, early retirement, and reduced hours. The Federal Aviation Administration made a generous offer but PATCO said no and called a strike. PATCO assumed it would shut down all air traffic and paralyze the economy, forcing the government to surrender, but they misjudged Ronald Reagan. Under federal law, the strike was illegal. Reagan ordered the strikers as a group to return to work. Some returned but most did not; he ordered individual strikers to return, and again most refused. Reagan was ready; secretly the Transportation Secretary Drew Lewis had readied military replacements. It was the first time in over 50 years in a major strike that replacements were used. Two days later, the president fired 11,000 strikers, and they never were rehired. The planes were flying and labor unions suffered their worst defeat since the 1920s. Reagan's dramatic action energized corporations to resist union demands, and sped up the rapid decline in union membership and the political power of union bosses.<ref>"Turbulence in the Tower," [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,949316,00.html ''Time'' Aug. 17, 1981]; Paul L. Butterworth, et al., "More than a Labor Dispute: The PATCO Strike of 1981," ''Essays in Economic & Business History'' 2005 23:125-139</ref>

===Boll Weevils===
In 1981 President [[Ronald Reagan]] won over enough conservative southern Democrats—called '''Boll Weevils'''--<ref>[https://www.csmonitor.com/1981/1216/121615.html Boll weevils, gypsy moths, and the 97th Congress ], [[Christian Science Monitor]]</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/26/us/congress-the-eclipse-of-the-boll-weevils.html CONGRESS; THE ECLIPSE OF THE BOLL WEEVILS], [[The New York Times]]</ref> to carry his major tax cuts through a House nominally controlled by the Democrats. Led by Congressman [[Phil Gramm]] of Texas,<ref>Gramm later became a Republican. On Gramm see David Frum, "Righter Than Newt," ''The Atlantic Monthly'' v. 275#3 (March 1995) pp 81+, online at [[Questia]]</ref> they helped Reagan enact many of his domestic policy proposals, to increase defense spending sharply, and to block leftists attacks on Reagan's anti-Communist policies in Central America. They also helped dismantle some of the remnants of [[Lyndon Johnson]]'s [[Great Society]].<ref>The "boll weevil" was a pest that ruined cotton plants across the South in the early 20th century, and forced the region to diversify out of cotton.</ref> Reagan did not campaign against them, so they kept their seats a few years longer.<ref>Lou Cannon, ''President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime'' (2000) pp 89, 754</ref>

===Social Security Reform 1983===
Mounting concerns that rising Social Security benefits were causing a long-term deficit and were growing too fast resulted in a bipartisan compromise in 1983. Brokered by conservative [[Alan Greenspan]] and liberal [[Claude Pepper]], the agreement lowered benefits over the next 75 years and brought the system into balance. Key provisions included a gradual increase over 25 years in the retirement age from 65 to 67, to take account of longer life expectancy. (People could retire younger, but at a reduced rate of benefits.) Millions of people were added to the system, especially employees of state governments and of nonprofit organizations.<ref>1983 Greenspan Commission on Social Security Reform (1983) [https://www.ssa.gov/history/reports/gspan5.html online version]; "Claude Pepper and Social Security Reform - 1981-1983," [http://www.claudepeppercenter.fsu.edu/webexhibits/socialsecurityreform/socialsecurityreform1981to1983.htm online exhibit]; Paul Charles Light, ''Artful Work: The Politics of Social Security Reform'' (1985)</ref>

===Judicial Appointments===
[[File:Reagan and Justices.jpg|thumb|250px| From left to right: Justices [[Harry Blackmun]], [[Thurgood Marshall]], [[William Brennan]], Chief Justice [[Warren Burger]], President Reagan, [[Sandra Day O'Connor]], [[Byron White]], [[Lewis F. Powell, Jr.]], [[William Rehnquist]] and [[John Paul Stevens]].]]
President Reagan made a total of 381 judicial appointments; 83 to US Court of Appeals, 290 to US District Courts, and 5 to the Supreme Court. 11 were not confirmed.<ref>[https://www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-conservative-turn-of-america-1968-1989-30/the-reagan-administration-228/battles-in-the-courts-and-congress-1289-8810/ President Reagan's Court appointees included: Sandra Day O'Connor, Anton Scalia, Anthony Kennedy, and William Rehnquist as Chief Justice.]</ref>

====Supreme Court====
Reagan fulfilled a promise he unnecessarily made in his 1980 presidential campaign to appoint the first women to the [[U.S. Supreme Court]].<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1291&dat=19801015&id=4zxUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=s40DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4187,2916117&hl=en Reagan pledges woman on court], [[Associated Press]]</ref> On July 7, 1981, he chose the first person he interviewed, without even bothering to interview other candidates, by nominating little-known Arizona judge [[Sandra Day O'Connor]] to become an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. O'Connor succeeded Justice [[Potter Stewart]]. Liberals, who had been ready for a knock-down battle, were stunned that Reagan had appointed a [[feminist]] and welcomed her nomination. [[Pro-life]] groups pointed out that her record indicated her support of [[abortion]]; [[movement conservative]]s [[Jerry Falwell]] opposed her confirmation and Howard Phillips testified against it. Phillips prophetically declared, "People say you can't tell how a Supreme Court nominee will turn out once on the bench. I respectfully disagree. In most cases, it's very clear. I opposed the nomination of Sandra Day O'Connor because it was very clear that she had a pro-[[abortion]] record in the Arizona State Senate and as a judge in Arizona. She was also allied with [[Planned Parenthood]]." With enthusiastic liberal support for O'Connor, she was confirmed by the Senate by a 99–0 vote on September 21 and took her seat September 25.

In 1986 [[Warren E. Burger]] announced his retirement from the Court. Reagan nominated [[Antonin Scalia]] to fill the vacant seat, at the same time that he elevated [[William Rehnquist]] for Chief Justice. Most of the opposition in the Senate focused their opposition on the Rehnquist nomination. Scalia was confirmed by a unanimous 98–0 vote, while Rehnquist was confirmed over substantial opposition.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/22/AR2007082200931.html Rehnquist Confirmed In 65-33 Senate Vote]</ref><ref>[https://www.loc.gov/law/find/nominations/scalia/vote.pdf Floor Vote - Scalia], September 17, 1986</ref>

=====Robert Bork=====
In 1987, Reagan nominated conservative judge [[Robert Bork]] to replace retiring Supreme Court Justice [[Lewis Powell]]. In a highly contentious series of Senate Hearings<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2012/12/19/politics/robert-bork-dead/ Robert Bork, known for contentious Supreme Court nomination, dies at 85], [[CNN]]</ref> senate liberals attacked Bork as being too conservative. Senator [[Ted Kennedy]] criticized him, saying,
:''"Robert Bork's America is a land in which women would be forced into back-alley abortions, blacks would sit at segregated lunch counters, rogue police could break down citizens' doors in midnight raids, schoolchildren could not be taught about evolution, writers and artists could be censored at the whim of the Government, and the doors of the Federal courts would be shut on the fingers of millions of citizens for whom the judiciary is -- and is often the only -- protector of the individual rights that are the heart of our democracy."''<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE5DF1E3EF936A35754C0A961948260 WASHINGTON; Kennedy And Bork], [[The New York Times]]</ref>

The U.S. Senate rejected Bork's confirmation on a 42–58 vote. Reagan then turned to [[Douglas Ginsburg]], who withdrew his name from consideration when it was discovered he smoked [[marijuana]], which was [[illegal]], with his students. Finally, the much less controversial (but more [[liberal]]) Californian [[Anthony Kennedy]] was nominated, who was confirmed on a 97–0 vote.

======"Borking"======
Because of the treatment that Robert Bork received during his confirmation hearing, the term to "be Borked" entered the general lexicon.<ref>[http://beta.townhall.com/columnists/jonahgoldberg/2007/10/26/the_borking_of_american_politics The Borking of American Politics], [[Townhall]]</ref>

===Federalism===
{{main|Federalism|Tenth Amendment}}

As a staunch supporter of the Republic which our [[Founding Fathers]] created and handed down to us, Reagan signed Executive Order 12612 on October 26, 1987.<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=33607 Executive Order 12612 - Federalism]</ref> The EO recognized that the [[Constitution]] only grants authority to a few, specific [[Enumerated powers]]. Outside of these few areas, the role of the Federal Government should not be a meddlesome one, but that the states should be in charge, where citizens have a more direct and local discretion. The EO said "Federalism is rooted in the knowledge that our political liberties are best assured by limiting the size and scope of the national government".

Executive Order 12612 was rescinded with Executive Order 13083 by the [[authoritarian]] [[Democrat]] [[Bill Clinton]] on May 14, 1998.<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=55957 Executive Order 13083 - Federalism]</ref><ref>[https://www.heritage.org/research/reports/1998/06/president-clintons-sellout-of-federalism President Clinton's Sellout of Federalism], [[Heritage Foundation]]</ref>

===War on Drugs===
As President, Reagan declared a "[[War on Drugs]]", which would be policies put forward by the United States and other countries to reduce illegal drug trade. In 1986, President Reagan signed the very prominent Anti-Drug Abuse Act which granted $97 million to build new [[prison]]s, $200 million for drug [[education]] and $241 million for treatment. Overall, $1.7 billion to fight the drug crisis.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/drugs/cron/ Thirty Years of America's Drug War], A Chronology, [[PBS]]</ref> First Lady [[Nancy Reagan]] started a slogan, "[[Just Say No]]" to drug use. The term was used in television advertising, and today there are many "Just Say No" drug clinics. As a result of the policies, [[marijuana]] use dropped from 33% of high-school seniors in 1980 to 12% in 1991.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/drugs/interviews/kleber.html Interview with Dr. Herbert Kleber], [[PBS]]</ref>

===Illegal immigration===
November 6, 1986, Reagan signed into law the [[Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986]], also known as the Simpson-Mazzoli Act, named after it's two authors: Romano Mazzoli and [[Alan Simpson]].<ref>[http://humanevents.com/2007/06/04/simpsonmazzoli-twentyone-years-later/ Simpson-Mazzoli: Twenty-One Years Later], [[Human Events]]</ref>

In his diaries, Reagan wrote that he wanted to sign the bill because of how important it was to regain control of our borders.<ref>[http://www.ontheissues.org/Celeb/Ronald_Reagan_Immigration.htm Ronald Reagan on Immigration]</ref> But the bill had largely the opposite effect. By granting a pathway to citizenship (amnesty) to 2.7 million illegal aliens, the law encouraged unlawful entry by more than 10 million additional new illegal aliens. However, Reagan was not enthusiastic about, and did not make an effort to enforce, the law's provision making it illegal for employers to hire illegal aliens.<ref>Kammer, Jerry (January 3, 2019). [https://www.cis.org/Kammer/How-Washington-Post-Expose-Trump-Missed-Story-How-Reagan-Wrecked-Immigration-Reform How the Washington Post Exposé of Trump Missed the Story of How Reagan Wrecked Immigration Reform]. ''Center for Immigration Studies''. Retrieved January 3, 2019.</ref>

==Foreign policy==

===Strategic Defense Initiative===

Reagan's 1983 [[Strategic Defense Initiative]] became popularly known as "[[Star Wars]]", the name given to it by critics because they thought it was pure fantasy like the popular [[George Lucas]] films. This plan was never fully instituted. Although billions of dollars were spent on development, no space-based missile defense was tested successfully during Reagan's terms in office. However, the main goal was achieved of forcing the Soviets to realize they could no longer compete in the Cold War.

The threat the Soviet Union felt from the SDI initiative forced them to negotiate an end to the arms race, according to many involved with diplomacy at the time and can be seen by following Gorbachev's repeated public insistences that the SDI program be discontinued. [[Henry Kissinger]] wrote:
:''I know it's an axiomatic view of the Left around the world that missile defense is sinful, and that it's desirable to keep each nation as vulnerable as possible. But that's a debatable premise. The U.S. must defend itself against ''whoever'' has missiles that would threaten the United States. And you don't have to be able to name an enemy.''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050308023334/http://www.doublestandards.org/dreifus1.html An interview with Henry Kissinger], by Claudia Dreifus, August 29th, 2001</ref>

===Flight 007===
Reagan was president at the time of the shooting down of [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]]. He termed the shoot-down of an innocent straying passenger plane with 269 passengers and crew, including Congressman [[Larry McDonald]], as a "massacre". The ensuing rage over the tragedy both worldwide and in the U.S. provided support for the deployment of cruise and Pershing ll missiles in West Europe- just six minutes flying time from Moscow.

===Soviet Union===
Shortly after taking office in 1981 Reagan issued National Security Decision Directive 11–82, (NSDD 11-82), that explicitly made U.S. defense spending a form of economic warfare against the Soviets. The directive was known more unofficially as the Reagan Initiative, and was an incorporation of the principle of [[Peace through strength]].

The United States would "exploit and demonstrate the enduring economic advantages of the West to develop a variety of [arms] systems that are difficult for the Soviets to counter, impose disproportionate costs, open up new areas of major military competition and obsolesce previous Soviet investment or employ sophisticated strategic options to achieve this end. Reagan's [[Strategic Defense Initiative]] (SDI), or "Star Wars" as the media referred to it, was a costly high-tech research and development program designed to make arms spending a "rising burden on the Soviet economy."<ref>Peter Schweizer , [http://www.reason.com/news/show/28929.html ''Reagan's War: The Epic Story of His Forty Year Struggle and Final Triumph Over Communism''], New York: Doubleday, 2002.</ref>
The Reagan Initiative was also concerned with aiding nations in active conflict with the Soviet Union. One such group was the [[mujahideen]] of Afghanistan who were given anti-aircraft missiles to fight the Soviet invaders.

A report by the CIA of the critical domestic economic problems and social discontent Soviet General Secretary Gorbachev provided a look what the sources of his principal dilemma-the very reforms needed to deal with the problems would threaten preservation of the [[nomenklatura]] and put at risk Gorbachev's ability to maintain the power to bring about [[Perestroika]].<ref>CIA Assessments of the Soviet Union: [https://www.cia.gov/csi/monograph/russia/enter.html Chapter 5, Enter Gorbachev ], Douglas J. MacEachin, CIA Publications, 1996.</ref>

====Reykjavík Summit====
[[Image:Photo 4 250.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Reagan and Gorbachev at Reykjavik]]
{{main|Reykjavík Summit}}

Gorbachev requested a Summit with Reagan in Reykjavik in October 1986 to discuss the stresses competition from Reagan's defense posture was having on Soviet military spending and economy, and Gorbachev's ability to carryout his plans of restructuring Communist control. Gorbachev told the [[Politburo]] in preparation for the Summit, "Our goal is to prevent the next round of arms race. If we do not do this ... will pulled into an arms race beyond our power, and we will lose this race, for we are presently at the limit of out capabilities."<ref>Notes of Politburo Meeting 4 October 1986, [https://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/22/documents/reykjavik/ Gorbachev's instructions for the group preparing for Reykjavik]</ref>

Initially, Reagan recognized that the Soviets were offering a bad deal at the [[Reykjavík Summit]], so he walked away from the table.<ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/423381/reagans-lesson-obama-no-agreement-better-bad-agreement-thom-tillis Reagan's Lesson to Obama: 'No Agreement Is Better Than a Bad Agreement'], [[National Review]]</ref>

A year later, the ''Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF)'', which was signed by Reagan and Gorbachev on December 8, 1987.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/12/newsid_3732000/3732902.stm 1986: Reykjavik summit ends in failure], [[BBC]]</ref>

===Dealing with the Soviets===
Gorbachev, weakened by his nation's economic [[malaise]], frightened by SDI, and committed to reforming the Soviet system before it collapsed, realized he had to end the Cold War to save Communism. Reagan proved willing to deal, but had to face three sources of criticism inside the U.S. The political right represented by the ''[[National Review]]'' and columnists such as [[George F. Will]] feared it was all a Soviet trap. Reagan used his enormous influence within the conservative movement to disarm these critics before disarming the Russians. Second were the "realists", led by Nixon and Henry A. Kissinger, who thought Reagan was going too far. The third group comprised segments of the intelligence community and military; they did not believe that the Soviet Union was as weak as Reagan and secretary of state, George P. Shultz, believed. Reagan, reelected in a landslide and at the peak of his power, pushed ahead with a series of agreements that effectively weakened the Soviet Empire and made it clear America had the initiative.<ref>James Mann, ''The Rebellion of Ronald Reagan'' (2009)</ref>

By the late 1980s, the Soviet Union began unilateral force cuts and troop withdrawals from Eastern Europe, and by May 1989 an unprecedented series of disclosures by senior Soviet officials revealed actual reductions in defense spending for the 1986-1990 and 1991-1995 Five Year Plan periods.<ref>Christopher Wilkinson NATO Review, [http://www.nato.int/docu/review/1991/9102-4.htm Soviet Defense Spending], NATO's Economics Directorate No. 2 - April 1991, Vol. 39 p. 16-22</ref> Genrikh Grofimenko, a former adviser to [[Leonid Brezhnev]], said "Ninety-nine percent of the Russian people believe that [the US] won the Cold War because of your president's insistence on SDI".<ref>Peter Schweizer, ''Reagan’s War''.</ref> Gennady Gerasimov, the Soviet Foreign Ministry's top spokesman during the 1980s, said "Reagan's SDI was a very successful blackmail. The Soviet economy couldn't endure such competition."<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122478630951963297 Freedom's Team], [[Wall Street Journal]]</ref>

Reagan also brought about the collapse of the [[Berlin Wall]], which was a symbol of [[communism]] and oppressed the [[freedom]] of East Berliners that wanted to move to West Berlin.

===Containment and the Iranian initiative===
[[Image:C26887-26.jpg|right|250px|thumb|President Reagan being sworn in for second term in the rotunda at the U.S. Capitol, 1/21/85]]
{{main|Containment}}

In 1985, after Reagan won reelection to his second term, the focus turned from reviving the domestic economy to several foreign policy matters which had been lingering throughout the decade. One such matter involved Iran, a longtime ally of the Western Allies since 1941 that had experienced an [[Islamic Revolution]] in 1979 after President Carter announced [[Human Rights]] had superseded [[Containment]] as the primary focus of American foreign policy. Since 1980, Iran had been enmeshed in a brutal trench war with neighboring Iraq which was emerging as a potent military threat in the region to other allies. Members of the National Security Council staff, along with CIA Director [[William Casey]], persuaded Reagan much could be gained and several problems could be addressed simultaneously with an overture to Iran to restore relations.

The objective of the plan was fourfold:
#Take steps to restore good relations with the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]] which was becoming increasingly hostile to the West;
#Take measures to convince Iran that Israel could become a friend and ally;
#Insurance against Iraq becoming too strong which would become a threat to [[Kuwait]] or [[Saudi Arabia]];
#Provide funding for other operations to continue the policy of containment in the Western Hemisphere, most notably [[Nicaragua]], and the violence the Soviet/Cuban/Nicaragua connection was creating in [[El Salvador]] and [[Honduras]].

There were humanitarian aspects to the proposal as well; (1) the [[Iran-Iraq War]] had stalemated for nearly six years and Reagan was advised that he was in the unique position as president to help facilitate bringing a senseless war with much suffering to an end; (2) the suffering of the people of the Central American Republics at the hands of Soviet-inspired subversion which had in the decade of the '80s established a beachhead in North America; (3) Iran perhaps could be persuaded to use its good offices to influence hostage-takers in [[Lebanon]] who had held several Western prisoners, many of them Christian Missionaries, for several years.

Reports had filtered back to Reagan that children as young as nine years old had been used by Iran to clear minefields.<ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/iran-iraq.htm Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988), ''Iraqi Retreats, 1982-84''], Globalsecurity.org, retrieved 20 March 2007.</ref> In weighing Iraq's delicate Sunni/Shia balance and the growing threat of Iranian-sponsored terrorism, the NSC staff and Casey recognized the dangers of an Iraqi collapse as well as the urgent need to dissuade Iran from continuing its ruthless and inhumane tactics.<ref>[http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB82/iraq53.pdf NSDD 139, 5 April 1984].</ref>

The [[Boland amendment]], a Vietnam era-style Congressional impingement on the legitimate foreign policy prerogatives of the Executive via the power of the purse, was used to deny Reagan's recommitment to the [[Truman Doctrine]] which had been adhered to by every President, Democratic and Republican alike since Truman, with the exception of [[President Carter]] whose [[human rights]] policy had brought one of the active belligerents, the [[Ayatollah Khomeini]], to power. In three of the active Soviet fronts, [[Afghanistan]], [[Nicaragua]], and [[El Salvador]], some Congressional Democratic leaders were openly sympathetic to Soviet foreign policy.<ref>[https://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/004/591eifow.asp ''One Weekend in April, A Long Time Ago ... What John Kerry thought about the Sandinista in Nicaragua''], Hugh Hewitt, The Weekly Standard, 09/09/2004.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060331222819/www.newsmax.com/archives/ic/2004/6/7/234527.shtml ''Kerry: 'I'm Proud I Stood Against Reagan''] Carl Limbacher and NewsMax.com Staff, 7 June 2004.</ref> So the decision was made to fund [[Containment]] of Soviet objectives on an active front in North America with sales of TOW missiles to Iran. Israel provided the TOWs because the [[Boland Amendment]] forbade direct US funding and it was a welcome opportunity for Israel to build bridges to a much-needed friend in the Middle East.

The operation was known as the "[[Iran-Contra affair]]." After word got out about the operation in November 1986, investigations were made, leading to the convictions of several members of the Reagan administration. President Reagan himself testified before the Tower Commission that he had poor recollection of the details of the operation due in part to the heavy pain medications he had been on in that period.

===Nicaragua===
In 1981 Robert McFarlane, then assistant to the Secretary of State proposed a coordinated covert political, economic, and military approach to the pro-Communist [[Sandinista]] government in Nicaragua and the insurgency in El Salvador, led by [[Daniel Ortega]]. His proposal was approved in January 1982, in "National Security Directive 17," which provided for a $20 million program against the Sandinista government and gave the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA) responsibility for organizing a five-hundred-man "interdiction" force.<ref>See [http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/nsdd/nsdd-017.htm Portions online]</ref> Democrats in Congress began voicing opposition in 1982; Reagan and Congress were in constant battle until 1987, when all five Central American heads of state signed a peace accord. The Sandinistas and Contras signed a cease-fire agreement in 1988, and in 1991 democratic elections overthrew the Sandinista regime.<ref>James M. Scott, "Interbranch Rivalry and the Reagan Doctrine in Nicaragua." ''Political Science Quarterly'' 1997 112(2): 237-260.</ref>

===Beirut===
During the Lebanese Civil War, Reagan sent peacekeeping forces as a part of a multinational force to Beirut. On October 23, 1983, the barracks were bombed. As a result of the bombing, 241 Americans were killed.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1697&dat=19860827&id=ljQqAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZUcEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6550,6530129&hl=en Reagan says worst mistake involved Marines in Beirut]</ref> The Embassy was also attacked, which resulted in the deaths of 63 people, 17 of which were Americans.<ref>[http://www.deseretnews.com/article/515039782/1983-Beirut-bomb-began-era-of-terror.html?pg=all 1983 Beirut bomb began era of terror]</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/1023.html Beirut Death Toll at 161 Americans; French Casualties Rise in Bombings; Reagan Insists Marines Will Remain], [[New York Times]]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=BMnUBQJBbgIC&pg=PT157 Seven Events That Made America America: And Proved That the Founding Fathers Were Right All Along], by Larry Schweikart</ref>

===Grenada===
On March 13, 1979, the New Joint Endeavor for Welfare, Education, and Liberation Movement (New Jewel Movement—NJM), ousted Sir Eric Gairy in a coup and established a People's Revolutionary Government (PRG) headed by Maurice Bishop, who became Prime Minister of [[Grenada]]. His Marxist–Leninist government established close ties with Cuba, the Soviet Union, and other communist bloc countries.

In October 1983, a power struggle within the government resulted in the arrest and execution of Bishop and several members of his cabinet and the killing of dozens of his supporters by elements of the People's Revolutionary Army (PRA).

A U.S.-Caribbean force landed on Grenada on October 25, 1983, for Operation Urgent Fury, in response to an appeal from the Governor General and to a request for assistance from Barbados and other Eastern Caribbean states. U.S. citizens were evacuated, and order was restored.

An advisory council named by the Governor General administered the country until general elections were held in December 1984. The New National Party (NNP) led by Herbert Blaize won 14 out of 15 seats in free and fair elections and formed a democratic government. Grenada's constitution had been suspended in 1979 by the PRG, but it was restored after the 1984 elections.

===Cold War victory===
[[Image:300px-ReaganBerlinWall.jpg‎|right|275px|thumb|"Mr.Gorbachev, tear down this wall!"]] Reagan is credited for ending the [[Cold War]] in victory for the United States. Historian Tony Judt in ''Postwar'' credits Soviet leader [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], while the political scientist Jan Kubik presents a viewpoint that credits [[Pope John Paul II]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080221230216/http://praguepost.com/articles/2007/02/28/letters-to-the-editor.php Letters to the Editor]</ref> Other historians contend structural weaknesses within the Communist bloc meant Reagan's actions were inconsequential to the end of [[communism]]. This is the view adopted by [[Russia]]ns themselves, and many political historians, citing ''[[perestroika]]'' and ''[[glasnost]]'' as beginning an inevitable slow fading of central power, and a collapse by irreconcilable differences between the central Soviet [[Politburo]] and the constituent republics, especially the [[Ukraine]].<ref>David Remnick, "Lenin's Tomb</ref> In the end, the consensus seems to point to all of the above, that hastened the demise of the Soviet Union; Internal factors, religious pressure brought by the Pope, Gorbachev's "Perestroika" and the united front of Ronald Reagan and [[Margaret Thatcher]], leading [[NATO]] and [[the West]] to embed a [[SDI|missile defense system]] in [[Western Europe]], and the economic superiority of [[Capitalism]], which simply out-spent and out-performed that of the Communist one.

One thing that cannot be quantified is Reagan's ability to give [[hope]], his never-ending optimism that good would indeed triumph over evil.<ref>[http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/us/2015/March/That-Time-the-President-Spoke-Truth-about-Our-Enemies/?Print=true That Time the President Spoke Truth about Our Enemies], [[Christian Broadcasting Network]]</ref> Many see that as key to bringing extra confidence to those locked behind the "[[Iron Curtain]]" to press even harder for reforms.

Columnist Cal Thomas wrote about it like this:

{{cquote|'''''He proved he was right about the big things.'' Faced with editorial denunciations at home and massive demonstrations in [[Europe]] against his plan to put missiles there to offset a [[Soviet]] threat, Reagan went ahead and did it anyway. The Soviets could not keep pace with the buildup or Reagan's proposed missile defense system (derided by insincere and dangerous critics as "[[Star Wars]]"). ''When those critics could not bring themselves to admit they were wrong, they unpersuasively claimed the Soviet Union fell under its own weight.'' More accurately, Reagan pushed it onto "the ash heap of history," with the able assistance of British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and [[Pope John Paul II]]. What Reagan did more than anything else - and it will be his lasting legacy - is replace [[despair]] with hope. Most people, even his detractors, felt a glow from being in his presence.

'''''He was the kindest, most gracious president I have met, and I have met them all since JFK. In his presence you felt he was interested in you and not himself. He was a good man.''''' <ref>[http://www.townhall.com/columnists/CalThomas/2004/06/07/ronald_reagans_wonderful_life Ronald Reagan's wonderful life], [[Townhall]]</ref>}}

[[Brian Mulroney]], the [[Canada|Canadian]] Prime Minister, Eulogized Reagan at his state funeral:
{{cquote|'''Some in the West during the early 1980s believed communism and democracy were equally valid and viable. This was the school of "[[moral equivalence]]." In contrast Ronald Reagan saw Soviet Communism as a menace to be confronted in the genuine belief that its squalid underpinning would fall swiftly to the gathering winds of [[freedom]]. Provided, as he said, that NATO and the industrialized democracies stood firm and united. They did. ''And we know now who was right.'''''<ref>[http://reagan2020.us/eulogies/mulroney.asp Brian Mulroney on Ronald Reagan]</ref>}}

Former Reagan speech writer [[Peggy Noonan]] paid tribute to the fallen president in a [[Wall Street Journal]] editorial. In it, Noonan noted:
{{Cquote|'''Ronald Reagan told the truth to a world made weary by lies. He believed truth was the only platform on which a better future could be built. He shocked the world when he called the Soviet Union ‘evil,’ because it was, and an 'empire,' because it was that, too. He never stopped bringing his message to the people of the world, to Europe and China and in the end the Soviet Union. And when it was over, the Berlin Wall had been turned into a million concrete souvenirs, and Soviet communism had fallen. But of course, it didn’t fall. It was pushed. By Mr. Know-Nothing-Cowboy-Gunslinger-Dimwit. ''All presidents should be so stupid...'''''<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB108656337732830162 Thanks from a Grateful Country], [[WSJ]]</ref>}}

Reagan earned the undying animosity of leftists by not only saving capitalism by destroying the socialist [[Great Society]] programs, before he left office the two communist monoliths, Russia and China, converted to capitalism. America had fought two horrible, violent wars in Korea and Vietnam against the spread of leftist ideology and institutions, to a stalemate. Reagan saved the planet from communist slavery, and Democrats hated him for it.

===Libya===
In the 1980s, [[Muammar al-Gaddafi]] became a sponsor of [[terrorism]]. President [[Ronald Reagan]] ordered a retaliatory bombing of his palace and key Libyan targets in April 1986 during Operation El Dorado Canyon. At the time, Gaddafi, [[Fidel Castro]], and [[Leonid Brezhnev]] were considered to be an "unholy trinity".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=rVXuAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22unholy+trinity%22&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22unholy+trinity%22 Time Inc., 1982], [[Time Magazine]]</ref>
[[Image:Reagan and Thatcher.jpg‎|right|225px|thumb|Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher at the [[White House]]]]
===Thatcher on Reagan===

Upon his death, [[Margaret Thatcher]], in very ill health from a series of strokes, insisted upon traveling to America to bid farewell to her old friend, and taped a stirring tribute to him:
{{cquote|'''As Prime Minister, I worked closely with Ronald Reagan for eight of the most important years of all our lives. We talked regularly both before and after his presidency. And I have had time and cause to reflect on what made him a great president. Ronald Reagan knew his own mind. He had firm principles - and, I believe, right ones. He expounded them clearly, he acted upon them decisively. ''When the world threw problems at the White House, he was not baffled, or disorientated, or overwhelmed. He knew almost instinctively what to do.'''''

'''When his aides were preparing option papers for his decision, they were able to cut out entire rafts of proposals that they knew 'the Old Man' would never wear. When his allies came under Soviet or domestic pressure, they could look confidently to Washington for firm leadership. And when his enemies tested American resolve, they soon discovered that his resolve was firm and unyielding. ''Yet his ideas, though clear, were never simplistic. He saw the many sides of truth.'' Yes, he warned that the Soviet Union had an insatiable drive for military power and territorial expansion; but he also sensed it was being eaten away by systemic failures impossible to reform. Yes, he did not shrink from denouncing Moscow's 'evil empire'.'''

'''But he realized that a man of goodwill might nonetheless emerge from within its dark corridors. So the President resisted Soviet expansion and pressed down on Soviet weakness at every point until the day came when communism began to collapse beneath the combined weight of these pressures and its own failures. And when a man of goodwill did emerge from the ruins, President Reagan stepped forward to shake his hand and to offer sincere cooperation. ''Nothing was more typical of Ronald Reagan than that large-hearted magnanimity - and nothing was more American.'''''<ref>[http://reagan2020.us/eulogies/thatcher.asp Margaret Thatcher on Ronald Reagan]</ref>}}

==Post-presidency==
[[Image:5.jpg|left|thumb|250px|President Bush presents the Medal of Freedom Award to Former President Ronald Reagan in the East Room of the White House, 01/13/93]]
Reagan retired to California. He would occasionally involve himself in politics, including a speech in Britain addressing the [[Tiananmen Square massacre]], and an address at the 1992 Republican National Convention.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/14/world/reagan-gets-a-red-carpet-from-british.html Reagan Gets A Red Carpet From British], [[The New York Times]], June 14, 1989, "''You cannot massacre an idea, you cannot run tanks over hope. You cannot riddle a people's yearning with bullets. Those heroic Chinese students who gave their lives have released the spirit of democracy and it cannot be called back. That spirit is loose upon the world this spring''."</ref><ref>[http://www.nbcuniversalarchives.com/nbcuni/clip/5112542724_007.do President Reagan Speaks Out on Tiananmen Square Massacre], [[NBC]]</ref>

At a speech in front of the National Association of Broadcasters on April 13, 1992, Reagan was assaulted by a radical anti-nuclear protester masquerading as a press agent.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/16/us/protester-at-reagan-speech-had-press-credentials.html Protester at Reagan Speech Had Press Credentials], [[The New York Times]]</ref> The protester, identified as Rick Paul Springer, was the founder of a group called ''The 100th Monkey''.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1993-07-16/news/mn-13621_1_las-vegas Man Who Disrupted Reagan Speech Flees 4-Month Jail Term]</ref> At the event, Reagan was awarded a 2-foot statue for his contributions to broadcasting, made out of crystal weighing nearly 30 pounds.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/14/us/reagan-unhurt-after-man-smashes-30-pound-statue.html Reagan Unhurt After Man Smashes 30-Pound Statue], [[The New York Times]]</ref> When Springer smashed the statue, some shards did hit Reagan, but he was not hurt.

After the secret service rushed the man off stage, Reagan asked the crowd "Was that a democrat by chance?",<ref>[http://www.deseretnews.com/article/221028/NUCLEAR-PROTESTER-RUSHES-REAGAN-SMASHES-STATUE.html?pg=all NUCLEAR PROTESTER RUSHES REAGAN, SMASHES STATUE]</ref> to which the crowd burst into laughter.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NaLMmcY3vs0 President Reagan Attacked at NAB Convention Las Vegas April 1992 480p], [[CBS News]] video from 1992</ref> A spokesman for the [[Secret Service]] said that he was not sure how Springer got so close to Reagan to begin with.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1992-04-19/news/vw-684_1_secret-service-protection How Do You Really Protect a President?], [[Los Angeles Times]]</ref>

On January 13, 1993 President George H. W. Bush awarded Reagan the Presidential [[Medal of Freedom]]. Reagan was becoming increasingly forgetful. His last public appearance was on April 27, 1994, at the funeral for President Richard Nixon.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ewc1V-KnRMYC&pg=PA182 Ronald Reagan: A Biography]</ref> In November 1994, he announced that he had been diagnosed in August with [[Alzheimer's disease]], a degenerative nerve disorder that annihilates the victim's mental capacity.

([[See Reagan's letter to the American people regarding his disease.]])

He died at his [[Los Angeles|Bel Air]] home on June 5, 2004 at the age of 93, making him the second-longest lived president in history after [[Gerald Ford]]. Reagan was buried at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation and Library, located in Simi Valley, California, on June 11, 2004.<ref>[http://www.reaganfoundation.org/listviewf.aspx?session_args=NCrq/CB0Nbp/onw6gOr7mg==&p=LM2002EX&tx=13&h1=7&h2=3&sw=lm_exhibit&lm=libraryandmuseum&args_a=cms&args_b=32&argsb=N Exhibitions]</ref>

==Legacy and Honors==
[[Image:Reagan at the Rotunda.jpg|right|thumb|150px|The State of California donated a statue of Reagan to the [[National Statuary Hall Collection]] in 2009. The statue is currently in the Rotunda.<ref>[https://www.aoc.gov/capitol-hill/national-statuary-hall-collection/ronald-wilson-reagan Ronald Wilson Reagan]</ref>]]
There is growing consensus among scholars, both conservative and liberal, that he was the most influential president since [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]. Reagan left a major imprint on American politics, diplomacy, culture, and economics.<ref>"As of this writing, among academic historians, the Reagan revisionists—who view the 1980s as an era of mixed blessings at worst, and of great forward strides in some renditions—hold the field," reports Doug Rossinow, "Talking Points Memo," in American Quarterly 59.4 (2007) p. 1279. For more historiographical support see: Troy (2009); Hayward (2009); Wilentz (2008); also Charles L. Ponce de Leon, "The New Historiography of the 1980s" in ''Reviews in American History,'' Volume 36, Number 2, June 2008, pp. 303-314; Whitney Strub, "Further into the Right: The Ever-Expanding Historiography of the U.S. New Right," ''Journal of Social History,'' Volume 42, Number 1, Fall 2008, pp. 183-194; Kim Phillips-Fein, "Ronald Reagan: Fate, Freedom, and Making of History," ''Enterprise & Society'', Volume 8, Number 4, December 2007, pp. 986-988.</ref>

On March 26, 1982, Reagan's boyhood home in Dixon, Illinois<ref>[https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/presidents/ronald_reagan_boyhood_home.html Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home]</ref> was added to the National Register of Historic Places.<ref>[http://www.discoverdixon.org/dixon-community/70-reagan-s-roots.html Reagan's Roots]</ref> In 2002, Congress authorized<ref>[https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/400/text/pl To authorize the Secretary of the Interior to establish the Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home National Historic Site, and for other purposes]</ref> the purchase of the property and placed under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service.<ref>[http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2002-02-07/news/0202070346_1_boyhood-home-reagan-home-historic-site Reagan home is a historic site], [[Chicago Tribune]]</ref>

Reagan has come to be known by some conservatives as '''Ronaldus Magnus'''.<ref>[http://moonbattery.com/?p=66847 Vintage Christmas Address From Ronaldus Magnus], [[Moonbattery]]</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIAVrsmO_1Q Rush Limbaugh- Tribute To Ronald Reagan Part 1], Segment from the [[Rush Limbaugh]] TV show, February 6, 1996</ref>

The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, [[Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport]], and the aircraft carrier [[USS Ronald Reagan]] (CVN-76) are named in his honor.<ref>[http://www.reagan.navy.mil/ USS Ronald Reagan]</ref><ref>[http://www.uscarriers.net/cvn76history.htm USS RONALD REAGAN], USS ''Ronald Reagan'' CVN 76 official website</ref>

In 2011, the Toyon Park in the [[Anaheim Hills]] area of [[Anaheim]], [[California]] was renamed the Ronald Reagan Park.<ref>{{cite news |first=Eric |last=Carpenter |title=Ronald Reagan gets park named after him |url=https://www.ocregister.com/2011/02/09/ronald-reagan-gets-park-named-after-him/ |publisher=Orange County Register |date=February 9, 2011}}</ref>

[[Edwin Feulner]], one of the founders of the [[Heritage Foundation]], described Reagan's legacy this way: "At a time when patriotism was mocked, he exposed the bankruptcy of modern liberalism and proved that true liberty is still a fighting faith."<ref>[https://www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2004/06/the-legacy-of-ronald-reagan The Legacy of Ronald Reagan], [[Heritage Foundation]]</ref>

Conservatives such as [[Grover Norquist]] and his Reagan Legacy Project have sought to name at least one major structure in each U.S. country after Reagan, resulting in a large number of structures after him.<ref>Moody, Chris; Capachi, Casey (September 15, 2017). [https://www.cnn.com/2015/09/16/politics/ronald-reagan-naming-debate-2016/index.html Why Ronald Reagan's name is everywhere]. ''CNN''. Retrieved September 15, 2017.</ref>

Liberal Democrats have had a certain level of respect for Reagan because of his influential status in American history, though they also frequently weaponize him and his quotes when criticizing conservatives.<ref>Larsen, Emily (July 19, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/unlike-other-democrats-pete-buttigieg-has-no-use-for-ronald-reagans-legacy Unlike other Democrats, Pete Buttigieg has no use for Ronald Reagan’s legacy]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 20, 2019.</ref>

===Conservative Activism===
[[Image:Reagan and Buckley.jpg|left|thumb|250px|President Reagan meets with Conservative icon [[William F. Buckley]]]]
Since Reagan's passing and even prior to it, there has been a concerted effort by [[RINOs]] to make him seem less conservative than he was during his life. There have been plenty of former democrats who switched parties and became Republicans, but few of them spent as much time helping to build the '''conservative movement''' over the decades, as well as keeping the legacy of the [[Founding Fathers]] alive.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2016/04/04/juan-williams-ronald-reagan-loved-founding-fathers.html?intcmp=obinsite Juan Williams: Ronald Reagan loved the Founding Fathers], [[Fox News]]</ref> Prior to the era of the [[Tea Party Movement]], conservative efforts and organizations have come and gone, many of which Reagan stood side by side with. The ''Town Meeting for Freedom'', which sometimes led to accusations of him being a "Bircher";<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=iuaeEX-1yKgC&pg=PA124 The Right Moment: Ronald Reagan's First Victory and the Decisive Turning]</ref> he was a member of ''Project Prayer'', which rallied after the [[Supreme Court]] banned prayer in public schools;<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=7IBuD1fC_tkC&dq=%22project+prayer%22 Ronald Reagan], by George Sullivan</ref> he appeared at rallies for groups like ''Project Alert'' and the ''Christian Anti-Communist Crusade'';<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=-nnsCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT23 Selling Ronald Reagan: The Emergence of a President]</ref> he joined the board of YAF, the [[Young Americans for Freedom]](which later became the [[Young America's Foundation]])<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=fPWPDH-0TZYC&pg=PA67 Reagan's Revolution: The Untold Story of the Campaign That Started It All]</ref> and helped make it a successful organization; and he was open for years about his love for the conservative publication [[Human Events]],<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=C1kvsToagGEC&pg=PA24 President Reagan: The Triumph of Imagination]</ref> which helped to increase its prominence. During the 1970s, Reagan helped transform the [[National Rifle Association]] into what it is today, with Reagan being the first presidential candidate they had endorsed in their then 109-year history.<ref>[http://www.thenation.com/article/how-nra-became-organization-aspiring-vigilantes-part-2/ How the NRA Became an Organization for Aspiring Vigilantes], The [[Nation magazine]]</ref>

To listen to some pundits, journalists, and other political figures, you would think Reagan changed the letter D after his name into the letter R, made a few speeches here and there, and then washed his hands of it. Nothing could be further from the truth. He spent a lifetime in the trenches once he decided to become a conservative. He was all-in. Once Reagan became president, he was not afraid to champion conservative causes, nor talk about his faith and his belief in God. He frequently talked about the importance of religious faith to a free society.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2016/02/06/ronald-reagan-remembering-champion-religious-liberty-on-his-birthday.html Ronald Reagan: Remembering the champion of religious liberty on his birthday], [[Fox News]]</ref>

==Family==
[[File:Reagan Family.jpg|left|160px|thumb|Ronald and Nancy Reagan with Patti Davis, Ron, Maureen, and Michael Reagan, 1976.]]
On January 26, 1940, Reagan married actress Jane Wyman at The Wee Kirk o' the Heather chapel in Glendale, California.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1989-08-13/local/me-908_1_forest-lawn 'Till Death Do Us Part : A Wedding at a Cemetery Might Seem Macabre, but Forest Lawn's 2 Chapels Are Booked 6 Months Ahead], [[Los Angeles Times]]</ref>

Wyman was an Oscar-winning actress for her role in the 1948 movie ''Johnny Belinda''. They had three children together: Maureen Elizabeth Reagan (1941-2001), who passed away from malignant [[melanoma]] within months of diagnosis, at age 60; [[Michael Reagan|Michael Edward Reagan]] (b. 1945-),<ref>Michael Reagan is the adopted son of Wyman and Reagan. See conservapedia.com: "[[Michael Reagan]]"</ref> and Christine Reagan (June 26 & 27, 1947). She was born prematurely and survived only one day. The baby's death traumatized Wyman. In 1948, Wyman (who married a total of four times) divorced Reagan in 1948. Ironically, Wyman was a Republican at the time while Reagan was a Democrat.

A year later, he met actress [[Nancy Davis]] (b. 1921). In 1952 they married at the Little Brown Church in Studio City, California.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2016/03/07/reagans-church-is-big-in-japan/ Reagan's Church in L.A. is 'Big in Japan']</ref> They remained married until his death in 2004. Together they had two children, Patricia "Patti" Ann Davis (b. 1952) and [[Ron P. Reagan|Ronald Prescott Reagan]] (b. 1958).

==Miscellaneous Facts==
*Reagan was the first president to break the so-called "Curse of Tippecanoe," i.e., the first president elected in a twenty-year cycle who did not die in office (although an attempt was made on his life in 1981).
*At 69, Reagan was the oldest man elected to the presidency for a first term.
*Reagan loved [[jelly bean]]s.<ref>[https://reaganlibrary.archives.gov/archives/reference/jellybellies.html JELLY BELLY JELLY BEANS AND RONALD REAGAN]</ref> The blueberry flavor was made in his honor. [[Jelly Belly]] even created a Ronald Reagan [[portraits|portrait]] out of jelly beans.<ref>[https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2146733/Art-thats-good-eat-Incredible-jelly-bean-portraits-use-10-000-sweets.html Art that’s good enough to eat: Incredible jelly bean portraits that each use more than 10,000 sweets]</ref>
*After his death, some of his closest supporters wished to put him on the $10 bill.<ref>[https://money.cnn.com/2004/06/08/news/economy/reagan_hamilton/index.htm Reagan the new face of the $10 bill?], [[CNN]]</ref>
*Reagan played college football player [[George Gipp]] in the film ''Knute Rockne: All American'' (1940), and was affectionately known as "The Gipper" ever since.<ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/208420/taxing-experience A Taxing Experience], [[National Review]]</ref>
*Reagan signed Proclamation 5018 declaring 1983 the [[Year of the Bible]].
*The booth where Ronald proposed to Nancy from the restaurant ''Chasen's'' is on display at the Reagan Library.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/2003/oct/14/local/me-reagan14 Reagan Library to Roll Out Renovated Galleries, Exhibits]</ref>
*Reagan kept a small plaque on his desk with the words "There is no limit to what a man can do or where he can go if he does not mind who gets the credit".<ref>[https://www.reaganfoundation.org/ronald-reagan/the-presidency/reagan-the-man/ Reagan the Man], Reagan Foundation</ref>

== Quotes ==
{{main|Ronald Reagan Quotes}}

==See also==
* [[Ronald Reagan's First Inaugural Speech]]
* [[Ronald Reagan's 1980 Republican National Convention Speech]]
* [[Ronald Reagan's 1984 Republican National Convention Speech]]
* [[How Ronald Reagan won the Cold War]]
* [[Limited government]]
* [[Conservatives]] and [[Libertarians]]
* [[Encroaching Control: Keep Government Poor and Remain Free]]
* [[Ronald Reagan's speech on KAL 007#Text of the speech|Ronald Reagan's Speech on KAL 007]]
* [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]]
* [[U.S. Peace Council]]
* [[Reagan revolution]]
* [[Richard Clarke]]
* [[List of Conservative or pro-Conservative Hollywood stars]]
* [[Conservative media#Hollywood Conservatives|Hollywood conservatives]]
* [[Essay:List of celebrities who support the Second Amendment]]
* [[Loyal Davis]]
* [[Let Them Go Their Way]] - Reagan's speech to CPAC, 1975
* [[Ronald Reagan's Address to Young Americans for Freedom]], 1975
* [https://mises.org/library/sad-legacy-ronald-reagan-0 Libertarian criticism of Reagan concerning big government]
* [[Kate Smith]], whom Reagan honored with the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] in 1982

==Further reading==
see Bibliography for much more detailed guide.
* Berman, Larry, ed. ''Looking Back on the Reagan Presidency'' (1990), essays by academics
* Busch, Andrew E.; "Ronald Reagan and the Defeat of the Soviet Empire" in ''Presidential Studies Quarterly''. Vol: 27. Issue: 3. 1997. pp 451+. [http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst;jsessionid=HhHYNGdT18XmGxylZNJQhdSjrtry2j8zYD2pLstvcnSLFqC9JzvF!-313427117?docId=5000522864 online edition] by conservative
* Cannon, Lou. ''President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime '' Public Affairs. (2nd ed 2000) 948 pp. best full-length biography [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=88989671 online edition]
* Cannon, Lou. ''Governor Reagan: His Rise to Power'' detailed biography
* Flamm, Michael and John Ehrman. ''Debating the Reagan Presidency'' (2009), key issues explained; includes primary sources
* Berman William C. ''America's Right Turn: From Nixon to Bush.'' (1994).
* Brownlee, W. Elliot and Hugh Davis Graham, eds. ''The Reagan Presidency: Pragmatic Conservatism and Its Legacies'' (2003)
* Campagna; Anthony S. ''The Economy in the Reagan Years: The Economic Consequences of the Reagan Administrations'' Greenwood Press. 1994 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=28144725 online edition], by conservative
* Cannon, Lou. ''Ronald Reagan: The Presidential Portfolio''. (2001) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=101553874 online edition]
* Ehrman, John. ''The Eighties: America in the Age of Reagan.'' (2005), by conservative historian
* Griscom Tom. "Core Ideas of the Reagan Presidency." In Thompson, ed., ''Leadership,'' 23–48.
* Hayward, Steven F. ''The Age of Reagan, 1964-1980: The Fall of the Old Liberal Order'' (2001)
* Hayward, Steven F. ''The Age of Reagan: The Conservative Counterrevolution: 1980-1989'' (2009) [https://www.amazon.com/Age-Reagan-Conservative-Counterrevolution-1980-1989/dp/1400053579/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1258861343&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Hulten Charles R. and Isabel V. Sawhill, eds. ''The Legacy of Reaganomics: Prospects for Long-Term Growth.'' (1994).
* Jones, Charles O. ed. ''The Reagan Legacy: Promise and Performance'' (1988) essays by political scientists
* [http://www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/si/2004/aug/knopfAUG04.asp Jeffrey W. Knopf, "Did Reagan Win the Cold War?"] ''Strategic Insights'', Volume III, Issue 8 (August 2004)
* Kyvig, David. ed. ''Reagan and the World'' (1990), scholarly essays on foreign policy
* Langston, Thomas S. "Reassessing the Reagan Presidency," ''Presidential Studies Quarterly,'' Vol. 34, 2004 [http://www.questia.com/read/5006516145?title=Reassessing%20the%20Reagan%20Presidency online edition]
* Levy, Peter B. ''Encyclopedia of the Reagan-Bush Years'' (1996), short articles [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=77341841 online edition]
* Matlock, Jack. ''Reagan and Gorbachev: How the Cold War Ended.'' (2004) by the conservative US ambassador to Moscow
* Pach, Chester. "The Reagan Doctrine: Principle, Pragmatism, and Policy." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly''(1): 75–88. Fulltext in SwetsWise and Ingenta; Reagan declared in 1985 that the U.S. should not "break faith" with [[anti-Communist]] resistance groups. However, his policies varied as differences in local conditions and US security interests produced divergent policies toward "freedom fighters" in Afghanistan, Nicaragua, Mozambique, Angola, and Cambodia.
* Patterson, James T. ''Restless Giant: The United States from Watergate to Bush vs. Gore.'' (2005), standard scholarly synthesis of the era
* Pemberton, William E. ''Exit with Honor: The Life and Presidency of Ronald Reagan'' (1998) short, favorable biography by historian [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=49534236 online edition]
* Reagan Ronald. ''An American Life.'' (1990). his second autobiography
* Reeves, Richard. ''President Reagan: The Triumph of Imagination'' (2005) detailed analysis by historian
* Sullivan, George.''Mr. President'' (1997). for middle schools
* Schmertz, Eric J. et al. eds. ''Ronald Reagan's America'' 2 Volumes (1997) articles by scholars and officeholders [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=15343830 vol 1 online][http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=28729700 vol 2 online]
* Schweizer, Peter. ''Reagan's War: The Epic Story of His Forty Year Struggle and Final Triumph Over Communism'' (2002), by conservative
* Thomas, Tony. ''The Films of Ronald Reagan'' (1980)
* Troy, Gill. ''Morning in America: How Ronald Reagan Invented the 1980s'' (2004). Study of Reagan's image.
* Troy, Gill. ''The Reagan Revolution: A Very Short Introduction'' (2009) [https://www.amazon.com/Reagan-Revolution-Short-Introduction-Introductions/dp/0195317106/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1258861138&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Wilentz, Sean. ''The Age of Reagan: A History, 1974-2008'' (2008), major narrative history by liberal historian who says Reagan transformed America

==Detailed Bibliography==
===Biographies===
* Benze, Jr. James G. ''Nancy Reagan: On the White House Stage'' (2005), [https://www.amazon.com/Nancy-Reagan-White-Modern-Ladies/dp/070061401X/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317375&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Benze James G. "Nancy Reagan: China Doll or Dragon Lady?" ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 20 (fall 1990): 777-90
* Cannon, Lou. ''President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime '' Public Affairs. (2nd ed 2000) 948 pp. full-length biography [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=88989671 online edition]
* Diggins, John. ''Ronald Reagan‎'' (2008), 528 pages, by leading conservative historian.
* D'Souza, Dinesh. ''Ronald Reagan: How an Ordinary Man Became an Extraordinary Leader'' (1999), popular. [https://www.amazon.com/Ronald-Reagan-Ordinary-Became-Extraordinary/dp/0684848236/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317303&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Evans, Thomas W. ''The Education of Ronald Reagan: The General Electric Years'' (2006) [https://www.amazon.com/Education-Ronald-Reagan-Conversion-Conservatism/dp/0231138601/ref=sr_1_5/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317183&sr=1-5 excerpt and text search]
* Morris, ''Edmund. Dutch: A Memoir of Ronald Reagan'' (1999), includes fictional material [https://www.amazon.com/Dutch-Memoir-Ronald-Edmund-Morris/dp/0375756450/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317223&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Pemberton, William E. ''Exit with Honor: The Life and Presidency of Ronald Reagan'' (1998) short biography by historian [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=49534236 online edition]
* Reeves, Richard. ''President Reagan: The Triumph of Imagination'' (2005) detailed analysis by historian
* Sullivan, George.''Mr. President'' (1997). for middle schools
* Sutcliffe, Jane. ''Ronald Reagan‎'' (2008) 48 pages; for elementary school; [https://books.google.com/books?id=_H_u21ebGcsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:reagan&lr=&as_drrb_is=b&as_minm_is=1&as_miny_is=2007&as_maxm_is=12&as_maxy_is=2009&num=30&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES excerpt and text search]

===Reagan before 1981===
* Brennan Mary C. ''Turning Right in the Sixties: The Conservative Capture of the GOP.'' University of North Carolina Press, 1995
* Burbank, Garin. "Governor Reagan and California Welfare Reform: the Grand Compromise of 1971." ''California History'' 1991 70(3): 278–289. Issn: 0162-2897
* Burbank, Garin. "Governor Reagan's Only Defeat: The Proposition 1 Campaign in 1973." ''California History'' 72 (winter 1993-94): 360–73.
* Burbank, Garin. "Speaker Moretti, Governor Reagan, and the Search for Tax Reform in California, 1970-1972" ''The Pacific Historical Review'' Vol. 61, No. 2 (May, 1992), pp. 193–214 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0030-8684%28199205%2961%3A2%3C193%3ASMGRAT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-E online in JSTOR]
* Cannon, Lou. ''Governor Reagan: His Rise to Power'' Public Affairs. detailed biography [https://www.amazon.com/Governor-Reagan-His-Rise-Power/dp/1586480308/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317275&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Dallek, Matthew. ''The Right Moment: Ronald Reagan's First Victory and the Decisive Turning Point in American Politics.'' (2004). Study of 1966 election as governor.
* DeGroot, Gerard J. "'A Goddamned Electable Person': the 1966 California Gubernatorial Campaign of Ronald Reagan." ''History'' 1997 82(267): 429–448. Issn: 0018-2648 Fulltext: in Swetswise, Ingenta and Ebsco
* DeGroot, Gerard J. "Ronald Reagan and Student Unrest in California, 1966-1970." ''Pacific Historical Review'' 1996 65(1): 107–129. Issn: 0030-8684 Fulltext: in Jstor
* Drew, Elizabeth. ''Portrait of an Election: The 1980 Presidential Campaign.'' (1981).
* Ferguson, Thomas and Joel Rogers, eds. ''The Hidden Election: Politics and Economics in the 1980 Presidential Campaign,'' 1981.
* Germond, Jack W. and Jules Witcover. ''Blue Smoke & Mirrors: How Reagan Won & Why Carter Lost the Election of 1980''. (1981). Detailed journalism.
* Hayward, Steven F. ''The Age of Reagan, 1964-1980: The Fall of the Old Liberal Order'' (2001)
* Hayward, Steven F. ''The Age of Reagan: The Conservative Counterrevolution: 1980-1989'' (2009) [https://www.amazon.com/Age-Reagan-Conservative-Counterrevolution-1980-1989/dp/1400053579/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1258861343&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Hamilton Gary G., and Nicole Woolsey Biggart. ''Governor Reagan, Governor Brown: A Sociology of executive Power.'' (1984).
* Moore, Glen. "Ronald W. Reagan's Campaign for the Republican Party's 1968 Presidential Nomination." ''Proceedings and Papers of the Georgia Association of Historians'' (1992) 12[i.e., 13]: 57–70. Issn: 0275-3863

===Politics and Domestic issues ===
* Aldrich, John H., and David W. Rohde. ''Change and Continuity in the 1984 Elections.'' (1987)
* Amaker Norman C. ''Civil Rights and the Reagan Administration.'' Urban Institute Press, 1988
* Berman, Larry, ed. ''Looking Back on the Reagan Presidency'' (1990), essays by academics
* Berman William C. ''America's Right Turn: From Nixon to Bush.'' Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.
* Birnbaum Jeffrey H., and Alan S. Murray. ''Showdown at Gucci Gulch: Lawmakers, Lobbyists, and the Unlikely Triumph of Tax Reform.'' 1987.
* Boskin Michael J. ''Reagan and the Economy: The Successes, Failures, and Unfinished Agenda.'' ICS Press, 1987.
* Brownlee, W. Elliot and Hugh Davis Graham, eds. ''The Reagan Presidency: Pragmatic Conservatism and Its Legacies'' (2003)
* Busch, Andrew E. ''Reagan's Victory: The Presidential Election of 1980 and the Rise of the Right,'' (2005) [http://www.claremont.org/publications/crb/id.1103/article_detail.asp online review by Michael Barone]
* Campagna; Anthony S. ''The Economy in the Reagan Years: The Economic Consequences of the Reagan Administrations'' Greenwood Press. 1994 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=28144725 online edition]
* Cannon, Lou. ''Ronald Reagan: The Presidential Portfolio''. Public Affairs. (2001) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=101553874 online edition]
* Cook, Daniel M. and Polsky, Andrew J. "Political Time Reconsidered: Unbuilding and Rebuilding the State under the Reagan Administration." ''American Politics Research''(4): 577–605. ISSN 1532-673X Fulltext in SwetsWise. Argues Reagan slowed enforcement of pollution laws and transformed the national education agenda.
* Derthick Martha, and Paul J. Quirk. ''The Politics of Deregulation.'' Brookings Institution, 1985
* Detlefsen, Robert R. ''Civil Rights under Reagan'' Institute for Contemporary Studies, 1991 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=85749844 online edition]
* Eads George C., and Michael Fix, eds. ''The Reagan Regulatory Strategy: An Assessment.'' Urban Institute Press, 1984
* Ehrman, John. ''The Eighties: America in the Age of Reagan.'' (2005)
* Evans Rowland, and Robert Novak. ''The Reagan Revolution.'' 1991.
* Ferguson Thomas, and Joel Rogers, ''Right Turn: The Decline of the Democrats and the Future of American Politics'' 1986.
* Germond Jack W., and Jules Witcover. ''Wake Us When It's Over: Presidential Politics of 1984.'' 1985.
* Marshall R. Goodman; ''Managing Regulatory Reform: The Reagan Strategy and Its Impact'' Praeger Publishers, 1987 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=43165555 online edition]
* Greider William. ''The Education of David Stockman and Other Americans.'' 1982. Stockman was Reagan's budget chief
* Griscom Tom. "Core Ideas of the Reagan Presidency." In Thompson, ed., ''Leadership,'' 23–48.
* Hulten Charles R. and Isabel V. Sawhill, eds. ''The Legacy of Reaganomics: Prospects for Long-Term Growth.'' C.: Urban Institute Press, 1994.
* Johnson, Haynes. ''Sleepwalking through History: America in the Reagan Years'' (1991) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=104836392 online edition]
* Jones, Charles O. ed. ''The Reagan Legacy: Promise and Performance'' (1988) essays by political scientists
* Karier, Thomas. ''Great Experiments in American Economic Policy: From Kennedy to Reagan'' (1997) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=15083874 online edition]
* Laham, Nicholas. ''The Reagan Presidency and the Politics of Race: In Pursuit of Colorblind Justice and Limited Government'' 1998. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=14220230 online edition]
* Levy, Peter B. ''Encyclopedia of the Reagan-Bush Years'' (1996), short articles [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=77341841 online edition]
* Minarik Joseph J. ''Making America's Budget Policy. From the 1980s to the 1990s.'' M. E. Sharpe, 1990.
* Palmer, John L., and Isabel V. Sawhill. ''The Reagan Record,'' 1984. economics and sociology
* Patterson, James T. ''Restless Giant: The United States from Watergate to Bush vs. Gore.'' (2005), standard scholarly synthesis.
* Rayack; Elton. ''Not So Free to Choose: The Political Economy of Milton Friedman and Ronald Reagan'' (1987) hostile critique [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=24670801 online edition]
* Sahu, Anandi P. and Ronald L. Tracy; ''The Economic Legacy of the Reagan Years: Euphoria or Chaos?'' Praeger Publishers, 1991 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=59361760 online edition]
* Salamon Lester M., and Michael S. Lund. eds. ''The Reagan Presidency and the Governing of America'' 1985. articles by political scientists
* Schmertz, Eric J. et al. eds. ''Ronald Reagan's America'' 2 Volumes (1997) articles by scholars and officeholders [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=15343830 vol 1 online][http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=28729700 vol 2 online]
* Shirley, Craig. ''Reagan's Revolution: The Untold Story of the Campaign That Started It All'' (2005) on 1976 campaign; [https://www.amazon.com/Reagans-Revolution-Untold-Campaign-Started/dp/0785260498/ref=pd_cp_b_1?pf_rd_p=413864201&pf_rd_s=center-41&pf_rd_t=201&pf_rd_i=0700614087&pf_rd_m=ATVPDKIKX0DER&pf_rd_r=0SWJK392VVCTPEDPDKJE excerpt and text search]
* Weatherford, M. Stephen and Mcdonnell, Lorraine M. "Ronald Reagan as Legislative Advocate: Passing the Reagan Revolution's Budgets in 1981 and 1982." ''Congress & the Presidency'' (2005) 32:1 pp 1–29. Fulltext in Ebsco; Argues RR ignored the details but played a guiding role in setting major policies and adjudicating significant trade-offs, and in securing Congressional approval.

===Foreign affairs===
* Arnson, Cynthia J. ''Crossroads: Congress, the Reagan Administration, and Central America'' Pantheon, 1989.
* Baucom Donald R. ''The Origins of SDI, 1944-1983.'' University Press of Kansas, 1992.
* Bell Coral. ''The Reagan Paradox: American Foreign Policy in the 1980s.'' Rutgers University Press, 1989.
* Beschloss Michael R., and Strobe Talbott. ''At the Highest Levels: The Inside Story of the End of the Cold War.'' 1993
* Busch, Andrew E.; "Ronald Reagan and the Defeat of the Soviet Empire" in ''Presidential Studies Quarterly''. Vol: 27. Issue: 3. 1997. pp 451+.
* Dobson, Alan P. "The Reagan Administration, Economic Warfare, and Starting to Close down the Cold War." ''Diplomatic History''(3): 531–556. Fulltext in SwetsWise, Ingenta and Ebsco. Argues Reagan's public rhetoric against the USSR was harsh and uncompromising, giving rise to the idea that his administration sought to employ a US defense buildup and NATO economic sanctions to bring about the collapse of the USSR. Yet many statements by Reagan and Shultz suggest they desired negotiation with the Soviets from a position of American strength, not the eventual demise of the USSR.
* Draper, Theodore. '' A Very Thin Line: The Iran-Contra Affair'' (1991)
* Fitzgerald, Frances. ''Way Out There in the Blue: Reagan, Star Wars and the End of the Cold War''. political history of S.D.I. (2000). ISBN.
* Ford, Christopher A. and Rosenberg, David A. "The Naval Intelligence Underpinnings of Reagan's Maritime Strategy." ''Journal of Strategic Studies''(2): 379–409. Fulltext in Ingenta and Ebsco; Reagan's maritime strategy sought to apply US naval might against Soviet vulnerabilities on its maritime flanks. It was supported by a major buildup of US naval forces and aggressive exercising in seas proximate to the USSR; it explicitly targeted Moscow's strategic missile submarines with the aim of pressuring the Kremlin during crises or the early phases of global war. The maritime strategy represents one of the rare instances in history when intelligence helped lead a nation to completely revise its concept of military operations.
* Garthoff, Raymond L. ''The Great Transition: American-Soviet Relations and the End of the Cold War'' (1994), detailed narrative by a hostile critic [http://www.questia.com/read/29069917?title=The%20Great%20Transition%3a%20American-Soviet%20Relations%20and%20the%20End%20of%20the%20Cold%20War online edition]
* Haftendorn, Helga and Jakob Schissler, eds. ''The Reagan Administration: A Reconstruction of American Strength?'' Berlin: Walter de Guyer, 1988. by European scholars
* Hall, David Locke. ''The Reagan Wars: A Constitutional Perspective on War Powers and the Presidency'' Westview Press, 1991 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=87551275 online edition]
* [http://www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/si/2004/aug/knopfAUG04.asp Jeffrey W. Knopf, "Did Reagan Win the Cold War?"] ''Strategic Insights'', Volume III, Issue 8 (August 2004)
* Kyvig, David. ed. ''Reagan and the World'' (1990), scholarly essays on foreign policy
* Lagon, Mark P. ''The Reagan Doctrine: Sources of American Conduct in the Cold War's Last Chapter'' (1994) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=9161896 online edition]
* LeoGrande, William M. ''Our Own Backyard: The United States in Central America, 1977-1992'' (1998)
* Matlock, Jack. ''Reagan and Gorbachev: How the Cold War Ended.'' (2004) by the US ambassador to Moscow [https://www.amazon.com/Reagan-Gorbachev-How-Cold-Ended/dp/0679463232/ref=sr_1_2/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194316986&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]
* Pach, Chester. "The Reagan Doctrine: Principle, Pragmatism, and Policy." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 2006 36(1): 75–88. Issn: 0360-4918 [http://www.questia.com/read/5015817882?title=The%20Reagan%20Doctrine%3a%20Principle%2c%20Pragmatism%2c%20and%20Policy online edition]
* Salla, Michael E. and Ralph Summy, eds. ''Why the Cold War Ended: A Range of Interpretations'' (1995). [http://www.questia.com/read/22889072 online edition]
* Schmertz, Eric J. et al. eds. ''Ronald Reagan and the World'' (1997) articles by scholars and officeholders
* Shultz, George P. ''Turmoil and Triumph My Years As Secretary of State'' (1993)
* Schweizer, Peter. ''Reagan's War: The Epic Story of His Forty Year Struggle and Final Triumph Over Communism'' (2002)
* Suri, Jeremi. "Explaining the End of the Cold War: A New Historical Consensus?" ''Journal of Cold War Studies'' - Volume 4, Number 4, Fall 2002, pp. 60–92 in [[Project Muse]]
* Thomas W. Walker; ''Reagan Versus the Sandinistas: The Undeclared War on Nicaragua'' (1987) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=65710540 online edition]
* Wallison, Peter J. ''Ronald Reagan: The Power of Conviction and the Success of His Presidency.'' (2003). 282 pp.
* Wapshott, Nicholas. '' Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher: a political marriage‎'' (2007) 336 pages [https://books.google.com/books?id=5HOuTL508F0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:reagan&lr=&as_drrb_is=b&as_minm_is=1&as_miny_is=2007&as_maxm_is=12&as_maxy_is=2009&num=30&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES excerpt and text search]
* Wills, David C. ''The First War on Terrorism: Counter-Terrorism Policy during the Reagan Administration.'' 2004.

===Rhetoric, media and values===
* Aden, R. C. "Entrapment and Escape: Inventional Metaphors in Ronald Reagan's Economic Rhetoric." ''Southern Communication Journal'' 54 (1989): 384-401
* Dallek, Robert. ''Ronald Reagan: The Politics of Symbolism.'' (1999)
* Denton Jr., Robert E. ''Primetime Presidency of Ronald Reagan: The Era of the Television Presidency'' (1988) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=23088126 online edition]
* Diggins, John Patrick. ''Ronald Reagan: Fate, Freedom, and the Making of History'' (2007) Reagan as follower of Emerson, by leading historian of ideas
* Jane Feuer; Seeing through the Eighties: Television and Reaganism'' Duke University Press, 1995 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=98148093 online edition]
* FitzWater, Marlin . ''Call the Briefing! Bush and Reagan, Sam and Helen, a Decade with Presidents and the Press''. 1995. Memoir by Reagan's press spokesman.
* Goodnight, G. Thomas. "Ronald Reagan's Re-formulation of the Rhetoric of War: Analysis of the 'Zero Option,' 'Evil Empire,' and 'Star Wars' Addresses." ''Quarterly Journal of Speech'' 72 (1986): 390–414.
* Greffenius, Steven. ''The Last Jeffersonian: Ronald Reagan's Dreams of America''. June, July, & August Books. 2002.
* Hertsgaard, Mark. ''On Bended Knee: The Press and the Reagan Presidency'' 1988. criticizes the press
* Hoeveler, J. David. ''Watch on the Right: Conservative Intellectuals in the Reagan Era.'' University of Wisconsin Press, 1991.
* Houck, Davis, and Amos Kiewe, eds. ''Actor, Ideologue, Politician: The Public Speeches of Ronald Reagan'' (Greenwood Press, 1993) [http://www.questia.com/SM.qst?act=adv&contributors=Davis W. Houck&dcontributors=Davis+W.+Houck online edition]
* Jones, John M. "'Until Next Week': The Saturday Radio Addresses of Ronald Reagan" ''Presidential Studies Quarterly.'' Volume: 32. Issue: 1. 2002. pp 84+.
* Kengor, Paul. ''God and Ronald Reagan: A Spiritual Life'' Regan Books, 2004. ISBN.
* Kiewe, Amos, and Davis W. Houck. ''A Shining City on a Hill: Ronald Reagan's Economic Rhetoric, 1951-1989.'' 1991.
* Lewis, William F. "Telling America's Story: Narrative Form and the Reagan Presidency", ''Quarterly Journal of Speech'': 280–302
* Longley, Kyle, Jeremy D. Mayer, Michael Schaller, and John W. Sloan. ''Deconstructing Reagan: Conservative Mythology and America’s Fortieth President,'' (M.E. Sharpe, 2007. xviii, 150 pp. isbn 978-0-7656-1591-6.)
* Meyer, John C. "Ronald Reagan and Humor: A Politician's Velvet Weapon", ''Communication Studies'' 41 (1990): 76–88.
* Moore, Mark P. "Reagan's Quest for Freedom in the 1987 State of the Union Address." ''Western Journal of Communication'' 53 (1989): 52–65.
* Muir, William Ker. ''The Bully Pulpit: The Presidential Leadership of Ronald Reagan'' (1992), examines his speeches
* Noonan, Peggy. ''When Character Was King: A Story of Ronald Reagan'' (2001) memoir by a Reagan speechwriter
* Ormanm John. ''Comparing Presidential Behavior: Carter, Reagan, and the Macho Presidential Style'' Greenwood Press, 1987 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=15388519 online edition]
* Ritter, Kurt W. ''Ronald Reagan: The Great Communicator.'' Greenwood, 1992. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=29047567 online edition]
* Shogan, Colleen J. "Coolidge and Reagan: The Rhetorical Influence of Silent Cal on the Great Communicator", ''Rhetoric & Public Affairs'' 9.2 online at Project Muse; argues that Coolidge and Reagan shared a common ideological message, which served as the basis for modern conservatism. Even without engaging in explicitly partisan rhetoric, Reagan's principled speech served an important party-building function.
* Stuckey, Mary. ''Getting Into the Game: The Pre-Presidential Rhetoric of Ronald Reagan.'' Praeger, 1989
* Stuckey, Mary. ''Playing the Game: The Presidential Rhetoric of Ronald Reagan.'' Praeger, 1990. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=24414026 online edition]
* Thomas, Tony. ''The Films of Ronald Reagan'' (1980)
* Troy, Gill. ''Morning in America: How Ronald Reagan Invented the 1980s'' (2004). Study of Reagan's image.
* Michael Weiler and W. Barnett Pearce; ''Reagan and Public Discourse in America'' University of Alabama Press, 1992 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=59353372 online edition]
* Wills, Garry. ''Reagan's America: Innocents at Home''. (1987)

===Primary sources===
* [http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publications/ERP/ Council of Economic Advisors, ''Economic Report of the President'' (annual 1947- )], complete series online; important analysis of current trends and policies, plus statistcial tables
* Reagan Ronald, and Richard G. Hubler. ''Where's the Rest of Me?'' (1965). first autobiography
* Reagan Ronald. ''An American Life.'' (1990). second autobiography [https://www.amazon.com/American-Life-Ronald-Reagan/dp/0743400259/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317128&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Reagan Ronald. ''The Creative Society: Some Comments on Problems Facing America.'' 1968.
* Reagan Ronald. ''Abortion and the Conscience of the Nation.'' 1984.
* Reagan Ronald. ''Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Ronald Reagan. 1981-1989.'' 8 vols. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1982–91.
* Reagan, Ronald. ''[[Reagan, In His Own Hand]]: The Writings of Ronald Reagan That Reveal His Revolutionary Vision for America'' (2001) [https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0743219384/ref=sib_dp_pt/103-4827826-5463040#reader-link excerpt and text search]
* Reagan, Ronald. ''The Reagan Diaries: Extended Selections‎'' ed. by Douglas Brinkley (2007)
* Skinner, Kiron K. et al., eds. ''Reagan's Path to Victory: The Shaping of Ronald Reagan's Vision: Selected Writings'' (2004), 450 radio talks from late 1970s

====Primary sources by Reagan associates====
* Anderson, Martin. ''Revolution: The Reagan Legacy'' (1990)
* Haig, Alexander. ''Inner Circles: How America Changed the World'' (1994). Haig was Secretary of State 1981-82
* Deaver, Michael, and Mickey Herskowitz. ''Behind the Scenes''. 1987. Memoir by a top aide.
* Meese Edwin. ''With Reagan: The Inside Story.'' Regnery Gateway, 1992.
* Niskanen William A. ''Reaganomics: An Insider's Account of the Policies and the People.'' Oxford University Press, 1988.
* Reagan, Nancy. ''My Turn: The Memoirs of Nancy Reagan'' (1989)
* Reagan Maureen. ''First Father, First Daughter: A Memoir.'' 1989.
* Reagan Michael and Joe Hyams. ''On the Outside Looking In.'' 1988.
* Regan Donald T. ''For the Record. From Wall Street to Washington.'' 1988; Treasury Secretary and Chief of Staff
* Shultz, George P. ''Turmoil and Triumph My Years As Secretary of State'' (1993) Schulz was Secretary of State 1982-89
* Stahl, Lesley. "Reporting Live" (1999) memoir by TV news reporter
* Stockman David A. ''The Triumph of Politics: How the Reagan Revolution Failed.'' 1986. Stockman was Budget Director in 1981-82
* Thompson Kenneth W., ed. ''Foreign Policy in the Reagan Presidency: Nine Intimate Perspectives.'' University Press of America, 1993.
* Thompson Kenneth W., ed. ''Leadership in the Reagan Presidency: Seven Intimate Perspectives.'' 1992.
* Thompson Kenneth W., ed. ''Leadership in the Reagan Presidency, Part II: Eleven Intimate Perspectives.'' University Press of America, 1993.
* Weinberger, Caspar. ''In the Arena: A Memoir of the 20th Century'' (1991), by the Defense Secretary

===Government documents===
* Council of Economic Advisors. ''Economic Report of the President,'' (annual, 1981-1988), detailed analysis of economic issues
* U.S. Census Bureau, ''Statistical Abstract of the United States'' annual compilation of over 1000 tables of data.

===Other===
* Schweikart, Larry, ''[https://www.amazon.com/Reagan-American-President-Larry-Schweikart/dp/1642930822/ Reagan: The American President]'' (2019; [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/05/07/ronald-reagan-larry-schweikart/ review]).

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
*[https://reaganlibrary.archives.gov/archives/photographs/history.html Historical Photographs], from the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum
*[https://reaganlibrary.gov/major-speeches-index Ronald Reagan's Major Speeches, 1964-89]
*[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1101040614-646317,00.html Time Magazine Article on ''The All-American President'']
*[https://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/rr40.html White House Official Page]
*[http://www.simonsays.com/content/book.cfm?tab=1&pid=537924&agid=2 The Passing of a Conservative] - by Alfred Regnery
*[http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/ Reagan's Presidential Library]
*[http://imdb.com/name/nm0001654/ Actor Bio At IMDB]
*[http://www.ronaldreaganmemorial.com/ Official Memorial]
*[http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Ronald_Reagan Quotations by Ronald Reagan]
*[http://reagan2020.us/ Reagan 2020] Reagan 2020 is the Internet's most comprehensive resource on Ronald Reagan.
*[http://www.acuf.org/principles/p_philos.asp "Our Philosophy of Government"] Speech by President Ronald Reagan, March 2, 1981
*[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/211049/abortion-and-conscience-nation-nro-primary-document Abortion and the Conscience of the Nation] While president, Ronald Reagan penned this article for The Human Life Review, unsolicited.
* [https://librivox.org/author/11305 Works by Ronald Reagan - text and free audio] - [[LibriVox]]
*[http://davekopel.org/Misc/OpEds/Ronald-Reagan-extremist-collaborator.html Ronald Reagan, Extremist Collaborator], by Dave Kopel
*Hawkins, Awr (April 25, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/04/25/ronald-reagan-seek-inflict-harm-not-fazed-gun-control-laws/ Ronald Reagan: ‘Those Who Seek to Inflict Harm Are Not Fazed by Gun Control Laws’]. ''Breitbart News''.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reagan, Ronald Wilson}}
{{USPresidents}}
{{Conservatism}}

[[Category:Reagan Era]]
[[Category:Featured articles]]
[[Category:California Governors]]
[[Category:Republican Governors]]
[[Category
[[Category:Cold War]]
[[Category:United States History]]
[[Category:New Deal]]
[[Category:Actors]]
[[Category:Conservatives]]
[[Category:Libertarians]]
[[Category:Labor Union Leaders]]
[[Category:Fiscal Conservatives]]
[[Category:Tax Revolts]]
[[Category:Former Liberals]]
[[Category:Irish-Americans]]
[[Category:Republicans]]
[[Category:Former Democrats]]
[[Category:Former Governors]]
[[Category:Anti-Communism]]
[[Category:Pro Second Amendment]]
[[Category:Southern California]]
[[Category:California]]
[[Category:Hollywood]]
[[Category:Patriots]]
[[Category:Conservative Authors]]
[[Category:Libertarian Authors]]
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]
[[Category:Liberal Conservatism]]
[[Category:Best Selling Authors]]
[[Category:DINOs]]
[[Category:Former Democrats]]
[[Category:California]]
[[Category:Illinois]]
[[Category:Capitalists]]
[[Category:Anti-establishment]]
[[Category:Populists]]
[[Category:Ronald Reagan]]
[[Category:The 100 Americans The Left Hates Most]]

Bear eats atheist joke

2021-09-03T23:41:05Z

Aidanram0: Added spaces

The '''bear eats atheist joke''' is a humorous story about an atheist walking in the woods and being chased by a bear. When the atheist asks God to make the bear Christian, the bear prays to God and then swallows the atheist.

Below are various versions of the '''bear eats atheist joke''':

*[https://www.sunnyskyz.com/funny-jokes/212/An-Atheist-Walking-In-The-Woods-Is-Chased-By-A-Bear An Atheist Walking In The Woods Is Chased By A Bear]

*[http://www.naute.com/jokes/atheist.phtml The Atheist and the Bear!]

*[https://www.godupdates.com/atheist-and-bear-funny-story/ The Atheist And Bear Story]

*[http://friarsclub.com/joke/atheist-crosses-paths-bear/ An Atheist Crosses Paths With A Bear]

== Bear eats atheist joke videos ==

*[https://www.godtube.com/watch/?v=102BFCNU The Atheist And The Bear], GodTube

*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XYb9lGJCuFk Bear eats atheist]

[[File:Praying bear.jpg|thumbnail|center|300px|"Lord, for this food which I am about to receive, I am truly thankful...AMEN!"<ref>[http://www.naute.com/jokes/atheist.phtml The Atheist and the Bear!]</ref>]]
{{Clear}}

== See also ==

*[[Atheists eat babies meme]]

*[[Atheism and humor]]

*[[Essay:Comedy and satires concerning atheism and evolution|Comedy and satires on atheism and evolution]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

[[Category: Atheism]]
[[Category: Humor]]

Bear eats atheist joke

2021-09-03T23:40:07Z

Aidanram0: Expanded the article

The'''bear eats atheist joke'''is a humorous story about an atheist walking in the woods and being chased by a bear.When the atheist asks God to make the bear Christian, the bear prays to God and then swallows the atheist.

Below are various versions of the '''bear eats atheist joke''':

*[https://www.sunnyskyz.com/funny-jokes/212/An-Atheist-Walking-In-The-Woods-Is-Chased-By-A-Bear An Atheist Walking In The Woods Is Chased By A Bear]

*[http://www.naute.com/jokes/atheist.phtml The Atheist and the Bear!]

*[https://www.godupdates.com/atheist-and-bear-funny-story/ The Atheist And Bear Story]

*[http://friarsclub.com/joke/atheist-crosses-paths-bear/ An Atheist Crosses Paths With A Bear]

== Bear eats atheist joke videos ==

*[https://www.godtube.com/watch/?v=102BFCNU The Atheist And The Bear], GodTube

*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XYb9lGJCuFk Bear eats atheist]

[[File:Praying bear.jpg|thumbnail|center|300px|"Lord, for this food which I am about to receive, I am truly thankful...AMEN!"<ref>[http://www.naute.com/jokes/atheist.phtml The Atheist and the Bear!]</ref>]]
{{Clear}}

== See also ==

*[[Atheists eat babies meme]]

*[[Atheism and humor]]

*[[Essay:Comedy and satires concerning atheism and evolution|Comedy and satires on atheism and evolution]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

[[Category: Atheism]]
[[Category: Humor]]

Thomas Sowell

2021-08-29T14:10:38Z

Aidanram0: Added the title dr.

[[Image:Thomassowell.jpg‎|thumbnail|150px|right|Thomas Sowell]]
'''Dr. Thomas Sowell''' (born June 30, 1930) is [[America]]'s most famous African American [[conservative]] author. Among his many other books, ''A Conflict of Visions'' contrasts the political beliefs of the modern left and right.<ref>[http://www.conservativemonitor.com/top-ten/conflict-of-visions.shtml A Conflict of Visions, by Thomas Sowell]</ref> Sowell has a Ph.D in [[Economics]] from [[University of Chicago]] along with an undergraduate degree from [[Harvard University]], and is currently a Senior Fellow at [[Stanford University]]'s Hoover Institution.<ref>http://www.tsowell.com/cv.html</ref><ref>https://www.hoover.org/profiles/thomas-sowell</ref>

Sowell, who cites [[George Will]] as a personal influence, prefers writing for popular audiences over writing for more "academic" settings, saying that "writing for the general public enables him to address the heart of issues without the smoke and mirrors that so often accompany academic writing".<ref>http://www.capmag.com/author.asp?name=3</ref>

Sowell wrote a well-researched book criticizing "[[black redneck culture]]"<ref>[http://www.tsowell.com/Rednecks.htm Black Rednecks & White Liberals]</ref> in which he points out that, "some blacks resent anything that suggests anything negative about themselves."<ref>[http://www.capmag.com/article.asp?ID=4296 Black Rednecks and White Liberals: Who's a Redneck?]</ref>

==Quotes==
*The NAACP's decision to back the teachers' unions, who donate money to them, against charter schools that provide thousands of black children their only hope of a better life, means that the NAACP should no longer be considered part of the civil rights movement, but just another part of the race hustling racket.<ref> [http://townhall.com/columnists/thomassowell/2016/11/01/random-thoughts-n2239596 Thomas Sowell, Random Thoughts - Nov. 1, 2016]</ref>
*"Too much of what is called 'education' is little more than an expensive isolation from reality."<ref>[http://www.boycottliberalism.com/Thomas-Sowell-quotes.htm Conservative Quotes and Messages]</ref>
*"Our schools and colleges are turning out people who cannot feel fulfilled unless they are telling other people what to do."<ref>http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/t/thomas_sowell.html#AUxOFGZPIHEmuVQd.99</ref>
*"Why is it that so many people who are 'pro-choice' when it comes to [[abortion]] are against choice when it comes to letting parents choose where their children go to school?"<ref>https://twitter.com/thomassowell/status/1035211371909210113?lang=en</ref>
*"We pay a lot of lip service to educational excellence. But too many institutions and individuals that have produced good educational results for minority students have not only failed to get support, but have even been undermined."<ref>[http://www.creators.com/conservative/thomas-sowell/are-we-serious-about-education.html Are We Serious About Education?]</ref>
*"'Racism' is the trump card in the indictment of Republicans. But the cold fact is that the whole [[Jim Crow]] era in the South was dominated by Democrats."<ref>http://www.jewishworldreview.com/cols/sowell060706.asp</ref>
*"Facts." (answering Peter Robinson's "You used to be a Marxist. What changed your mind?")<ref>Interviewed for 'Uncommon Knowledge' (Hoover Institution)</ref>

==See also==
*[[Black history]]
* [[Colion Noir]], [[Alfonzo Rachel]], [[Alex Barron]], [[Sheriff]] [[David Clarke]], Dr. [[Benjamin Carson]], [[Alan Keyes]], [[Reginald Kaigler]] ([[Demcad]]), [[Clarence Thomas]], (See [[:Category:Black Conservatives|Black conservatives]] and [http://africanamericanconservatives.com/about/ AfricanAmericanConservatives.com])

==References==
<references/>

==Writings==
*[http://www.tsowell.com/About_Writing.html Some Thoughts about Writing]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sowell,Thomas}}
[[Category:Economists]]
[[Category:Conservative Commentators]]
[[Category:The 100 Americans The Left Hates Most]]
[[Category:Black Conservatives]]
[[Category:Black History]]
[[Category:Conservatives]]
[[Category:Conservative Authors]]
[[Category:Conservative Podcasters]]
[[Category:Conservative Bloggers]]
[[Category:Former Liberals]]

Phyllis Schlafly

2021-08-29T00:11:42Z

Aidanram0: Added the title "Dr."

{{infobox person
|name=Dr. Phyllis Schlafly {{Verified}}
|image=Phyllis speaking in 1983.jpg
|birth_date=August 15, 1924
|birth_place=[[St. Louis]], Missouri
|death_date=September 5, 2016 (aged 92)
|death_place=Ladue, Missouri
|spouse=Fred Schlafly (m. 1949, d. 1993)
6 children including [[Andy Schlafly]]
}}
'''Dr. Phyllis McAlpin Stewart Schlafly''' (August 15, 1924 – September 5, 2016) was a founder of the modern [[Conservative Movement|conservative movement]]. She was described by ''[[The New York Times]]'' as the "one of the most relentless and accomplished platform debaters of any gender to be found on any side of any issue."<ref>Joseph Lelyveld, future Executive Editor of the ''New York Times'', in ''The New York Times Magazine'' (1977).</ref> "I think she's probably the best political organizer we've seen in American history," stated historical author Rick Perlstein.<ref>http://www.bustle.com/articles/183468-phyllis-schlafly-helped-create-the-republican-party-as-we-know-it-video Retro Report</ref> Playwright Dahvi Waller said that Phyllis "was an incredibly effective grassroots organizer, and she was able to mobilize women. That was her superpower."<ref>https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/fx-mrs-america-tells-origin-223500101.html</ref>
[[File:Phyllis and Gov. Reagan 1960s.jpg|right|thumb|350px|Schlafly with Ronald Reagan.]]
[[File:Phyllis on a date as a 17-year-old.jpeg|right|thumb|400px|as a 17-year-old wearing bobby socks, Phyllis on a date in the early 1940s]]

==Early life==
Schlafly was born Phyllis McAlpin Stewart in St. Louis, Missouri, to Odile Dodge Stewart and John Bruce Stewart, in 1924. Her formative years were during the [[Great Depression]], along with her younger sister, while her father was unable to find work. In 1945, she graduated from Radcliffe College (which later merged into Harvard once it began admitting women) with a Master's Degree in Political Science.

==Accomplishments==
Among Phyllis Schlafly's early political achievements, in 1946 she worked in the successful House of Representatives campaign of republican Clyde I. Bakewell.

In 1975, when 34 out of the required 38 states had ratified ERA and nearly every politician and pundit was certain that the [[Equal Rights Amendment]] would soon become part of the Constitution, a snide ''NY Times'' headline about Phyllis Schlafly was entitled "Opponent of E.R.A. Confident of Its Defeat."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1975/12/15/archives/opponent-of-era-confident-of-its-defeat.html</ref> Yet she was right.

Phyllis Schlafly wrote 4 times as much as [[William Shakespeare]]. She is often called the "conservative icon," "conservative legend," or conservatives' "first lady." She should be in the ''[[Guinness Book of World Records]]'' for the most number of debates and controversial speeches on college campuses (more than 500), typically to packed auditoriums; for writing the longest-running political newsletter, the ''Phyllis Schlafly Report'' (50 years); and for the longest career as a delegate or alternate delegate to a national political convention (more than 60 years to the Republican National Convention, dating back to 1952).

Phyllis Schlafly was the first and most outspoken prominent [[conservative]] supporter of the presidential candidacy of [[Donald Trump]], beginning in mid-2015.<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/2016-presidential-race/2016/11/11/phyllis-schlaflys-final-victory/</ref> In his eulogy at her funeral, Donald Trump observed that Phyllis Schlafly was a powerful, positive influence for one quarter of all of [[America]]n history. Many credit his victory to her leadership in supporting him.

Many credit Phyllis Schlafly for making it respectable for a woman to stay at home and raise children, amid an all-out assault by [[liberals]] to discredit that traditional way of life. By 1990, after advocacy by Phyllis Schlafly in support of stay-at-home moms, the percentage of women aged 25–54 in the workforce in the [[United States]] stopped increasing, in contrast with many other countries.

She is especially recognized for defeating the [[Equal Rights Amendment]],<ref>https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/jan/13/phyllis-schafly-fights-era-again-through-legacy-po/</ref> and for opposing [[feminism]] in general. She is also recognized for nearly single-handedly making the [[Republican Party]] [[pro-life]]. In 1985 she was considered the 3rd most admired woman in the world, according to a ''Good Housekeeping'' poll.<ref>https://pilotonline.com/news/local/history/back-in-the-day/article_a4399518-bcb2-580e-af99-90d76f537ca6.html</ref>

She was married to John Fred Schlafly, Jr. for forty-four years until his death (1909–1993), and was the mother of six children: [[John Schlafly|John]], Bruce, [[Roger Schlafly|Roger]], Liza, Anne, and ''Conservapedia'' founder [[Andrew Schlafly]].

==Prophetic statements proven right==
* In the 1970s, she predicted that "ERA would legalize the granting of marriage licenses to same-sex couples and generally implement the gay and lesbian agenda.” In 1993, the Hawaii Supreme Court used its State ERA to mandate same-sex marriage, and in 2006 a Maryland Court did likewise based on its State ERA.<ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/2006/02/phyllis-schlafly-was-right-kathryn-jean-lopez/ "Phyllis Schlafly Was Right"]</ref>
* She praised [[Donald Trump]] throughout 2015, when few took his campaign seriously. Trump then won the [[GOP]] nomination in an upset, and the presidency in another upset.
* She declared in August 2016 that the [[Speaker of the House]] [[Paul Ryan]] should resign due to his [[liberal]] views on [[immigration]], which he did less than two years later despite being relatively young.<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/2016-presidential-race/2016/08/03/schlafly-thunders-for-ryan-ouster/</ref>

==Wit==
Unlike most politicians and activists, Phyllis Schlafly has always had a good-natured wit in addressing difficult issues and adversity. For example, when Phyllis Schlafly received an honorary degree from Washington University, a fraction of the faculty and students protested the honor by wearing white armbands and/or turning their backs. When Mrs. Schlafly was asked for her comment about the protesters, she responded:<ref>http://www.stltoday.com/stltoday/news/stories.nsf/education/story/D00F2F30B4689B3A8625744B00821014?OpenDocument:</ref>
{{cquote|I'm not sure they're mature enough to graduate!}}

==Writings==
[[File:Dr. Schlafly.jpg|thumb|Dr. Phyllis Schlafly, May 16, 2008.]]
Phyllis Schlafly first came to American national attention with her book, ''[[A Choice, Not An Echo]]'' 1964. (One of the ten best-selling conservative books of all time; three million copies sold.)

She authored 27 books on subjects as varied as family and feminism (''The Power of the Positive Woman''), nuclear strategy (''Strike From Space'' and ''Kissinger on the Couch''), education (''Child Abuse in the Classroom''), child care (''Who Will Rock the Cradle?'' and ''Stronger Families or Bigger Government?,''), and a phonics book (''Turbo Reader''), on the Judiciary: ''The Supremacists''. Her most recent book, ''Feminist Fantasies'', is a collection of essays on feminism in the media, workplace, home, and the military. She is also contributor of ''Great American Conservative Women''.

Her final book, ''The Conservative Case for [[Donald Trump|Trump]]'', was released the day after she passed away and became a ''New York Times'' bestseller.

==Smears against her==
The [[totalitarian]] [[leftist]] hate group known as the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]], known for its harassment and libel of [[conservative]]s and conservative organizations, published an article shortly after her passing titled, "Eagle Forum's Phyllis Schlafly Leaves A Legacy Tied to Conspiracy Theories."<ref>https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2016/09/07/eagle-forums-phyllis-schlafly-leaves-legacy-tied-conspiracy-theories</ref> In an interview, Phil Donahue, with his zero-sum game fallacy, incorrectly labeled her position as saying that "women belong in the home" when her actual position was that women should have equal opportunities, but tend to be happier in the home. <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s13qZnKdLQ8&feature=emb_title</ref>

Schlafly has falsely been accused of [[anti-Semitism]]; while some argue that her usage of terms such as "kingmakers" were [[code words]]/[[dogwhistle]]s, she never targeted [[Jews]] as part of any [[conspiracy theory]] and her opposition to elites she described as the "Eastern Establishment" were Anglo-Saxon Protestants and not Jews.<ref>O'Neil, Tyler (December 8, 2019). [https://pjmedia.com/culture/tyler-o-neil/2019/12/08/marvelous-mrs-maisel-repeats-debunked-anti-semitism-smear-against-phyllis-schlafly-n174410 'Marvelous Mrs. Maisel' Repeats Debunked Anti-Semitism Smear Against Phyllis Schlafly]. ''PJ Media''. Retrieved April 23, 2021.</ref>

A few liberals/leftists have falsely alleged that Schlafly was a racist who opposed civil rights, a topic covered more extensively in the article [[Phyllis Schlafly and civil rights]].

==Quotes by others==
[[Ann Coulter]] wrote:
:There is no more pristine example of the left's in-crowd snobbery than their treatment of conservative author and activist Phyllis Schlafly. (''Slander'', page 35)

[[Ben Shapiro]]: "In 1977, Phyllis Schlafly warned the left would kill male/female bathrooms. They said she was a liar. She wasn't." On [[Twitter]], November 4, 2015.<ref>https://twitter.com/benshapiro/status/661932730020556800</ref>

[[Gavin McInnes]]: Phyllis Schlafly was, "the most empowered woman of all time...what I love about her is her brain." On [[YouTube]], September 10, 2016.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ZRkjd6rIp8</ref>

==Quotes by Phyllis Schlafly==
In supporting [[Donald Trump]] for president, Phyllis Schlafly said, "He has fight in him!"

Advice to men: "Find out if your girlfriend is a [[feminist]] before you get too far into it. Some of them are pretty. They don't all look like Bella Abzug."<ref>https://www.azquotes.com/quote/703546</ref>

"Women have babies and men provide the support. If you don't like the way we're made you've got to take it up with [[God]]."<ref name="Quotes"><https://www.azquotes.com/author/13097-Phyllis_Schlafly</ref>

In describing the mindset of the [[liberal media]], “They are like a flock of birds that land together on a high-tension wire, and later they depart to go somewhere else.”

“Don't call me Ms. To me, it means misery.”<ref>https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-phyllis-schlafly-snap-story.html</ref>

Against [[globalism]], "Foreign countries are free to copy our system. Instead, they want to copy our Inventions."

On [[United States]] military superiority, "The atomic bomb is a marvelous gift that was given to our country by a wise God."<ref name="Quotes"/>

In reference to [[feminists]], “I always said, I’m not going to let those slobs ruin my day.”<ref>https://www.illinois.gov/alplm/library/collections/oralhistory/illinoisstatecraft/era/Documents/SchlaflyPhyllis/Schlafly_Phy_4FNL.pdf (p. 159)</ref>

In speeches to [[feminist]] audiences, “First, I would like to thank my husband, Fred, for allowing me to come here this evening.”<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/sep/06/phyllis-schlafly-obituary</ref>

On the military and feminism: “The purpose of our military is to field the finest troops possible to defend our Nation and win wars. The goal of feminists, however, is to impose a mindless equality, regardless of how many people it hurts.”<ref>http://phyllisschlafly.com/events</ref>

On leadership: “The crying need of our times is for noble leaders - for men and women who have the courage to stand fast against false propaganda, who persevere in their principles when they reach high positions, who remain loyal to the people who look up to them, who cannot be seduced by money or scared by power, who listen to the voice of conscience instead of the roar of the crowd, and who are willing to pay the price that leadership demands in terms of self-discipline and difficult decisions.”

== Books ==
[[Image:Phyllis Schlafly1.jpg|right|100px]]
*{{Harvard reference
| Surname1 = Schlafly
| Given1 = Phyllis
| Surname2 =
| Given2 =
| Year = 2016
| Title = The Conservative Case for Trump
| Publisher = Regnery Publishing
| ID = ISBN 1890626651
}}
*{{Harvard reference
| Surname1 = Schlafly
| Given1 = Phyllis
| Surname2 =
| Given2 =
| Year = 2006
| Title = The Supremacists: The Tyranny of Judges and How to Stop It
| Publisher = Spence Publishing Company
| ID = ISBN 1890626651
}}
*{{Harvard reference
| Surname1 = Schlafly
| Given1 = Phyllis
| Surname2 =
| Given2 =
| Year = 2003
| Title = [[Feminist Fantasies]]
| Publisher = Spence Publishing Company
| ID = ISBN 1890626465
}}
*{{Harvard reference
| Surname1 = Schlafly
| Given1 = Phyllis
| Surname2 =
| Given2 =
| Year = 2001
| Title = Turbo reader
| Publisher = Pere Marquette Press
| ID = ISBN 0934640165
}}
*{{Harvard reference
| Surname1 = Schlafly
| Given1 = Phyllis
| Surname2 =
| Given2 =
| Year = 1990
| Title = Who Will Rock the Cradle?: The Battle for Control of Child Care in America
| Publisher = Thomas Nelson Publishers
| ID = ISBN 0849931983
}}
*{{Harvard reference
| Surname1 = Schlafly
| Given1 = Phyllis
| Surname2 =
| Given2 =
| Year = 1984
| Title = Child Abuse in the Classroom
| Publisher = Crossway Books
| ID = ISBN 0891073655
}}
*{{Harvard reference
| Surname1 = Schlafly
| Given1 = Phyllis
| Surname2 =
| Given2 =
| Year = 1977
| Title = The Power of the Positive Woman
| Publisher = Crown Pub
| ID = ISBN 0870003739
}}
*{{Harvard reference
| Surname1 = Schlafly
| Given1 = Phyllis
| Surname2 =
| Given2 =
| Year = 1974
| Title = Kissinger on the Couch
| Publisher = Arlington House Publishers
| ID = ISBN 0870002163
}}
*{{Harvard reference
| Surname1 = Schlafly
| Given1 = Phyllis
| Surname2 =
| Given2 =
| Year = 1964
| Title = [[A Choice Not An Echo]]: The inside story of how American Presidents are chosen
| Publisher = Pere Marquette Pr
| ID = ISBN 0686114868
}}
{{clear}}

==See also==
*[[Phyllis Schlafly and Ruth Bader Ginsburg]]
*[[Andrew Schlafly]]
*[[Previous Breaking News/Phyllis Schlafly|Articles about '''Phyllis Schlafly''' from previous "In the news"]]
*[[Conservative of the Year 2016|Conservative of the Year in 2016]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[File:Sweetheart-h.gif|right|175px]]

==External links==
*[http://www.pseagles.com PS Eagles website]
*[http://www.phyllisschlaflyinstitute.com Phyllis Schlafly Institute]
*[http://www.distinguishedwomen.com/biographies/schlafly.html Phyllis Schlafly] From Microsoft Encarta.
*[http://www.humanevents.com/search.php?author_name=Phyllis+Schlafly Articles by Phyllis Schlafly] HUMAN EVENTS.
*[http://www.phyllisschlafly.com/ Phyllis Schlafly]
*[http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-4780636/Conservatives-first-lady-sparked-pro.html Conservatives' first lady sparked pro-family effort; Schlafly shaped nation's direction]
*[https://www.history.com/news/equal-rights-amendment-failure-phyllis-schlafly History.com analysis of defeat of ERA by Phyllis Schlafly]
*[https://presidentlincoln.illinois.gov/oral-history/collections/schlafly-phyllis/interview-detail/ Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum - recorded interviews of Phyllis Schlafly and a photo collection]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Schlafly, Phyllis}}
[[Category:Missouri]]
[[Category:Illinois]]
[[Category:Conservatives]]
[[Category:Conservative Women]]
[[Category:Women Authors]]
[[Category:Patriots]]
[[Category:Anti-establishment]]
{{conservatism}}
[[Category:Pro-Life]]
[[Category:The 100 Americans The Left Hates Most]]