Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Essay:Greatest Conservative Movies

2015-11-15T05:49:53Z

Bauhaus:

'''There have been many superb [[conservative]] films''':

==Narrative features==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Film
!Year
!Rating
!Comments
!Gross (Domestic)
|-
|''The 6th Day''
|2009
|PG-13
|Pro-Life, Anti-[[cloning]] movie Featuring Republican Governor [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]
|$ 34,543,701|
|-
|''17 Again''
|2009
|PG-13
|Main lesson is that choosing family and life over death and possible material riches is much more rewarding and fulfilling even if at times we don’t recognize it. Stands up for abstinence, and self-respect, and contains a strong speech for both of them. Such as "Because there is no one that I'm in love with. Its called making love, isn't it? Maybe I'm old fashion, but I think that means you do it with someone you love. And preferably when your married, when your ready to take that love and turn it into a baby."
|$64,167,069
|-
|''[[1984]]''
|1984
|R
|Big-screen adaptation of the iconic [[conservative]] text from [[George Orwell]].
|$8,430,492
|-
|''[[A Charlie Brown Christmas]]''
|1965
|G
|The real meaning of Christmas is discussed, as Linus quotes Luke 2:8-14. Decries the materialism that surrounds the Christmas holiday.
|NA - TV
|-
|''A Christmas Story''
|1983
|PG
|Heartwarming comedy about a kid who wants a BB Gun for Christmas
|$19,294,144
|-
|''A Gathering of Eagles''
|1963
|UR
|Illustrates duty, honor, and the burden of command.
|Unknown
|-
|''A Man For All Seasons''
|1966
|UR
|In 16th Century England, statesman and philosopher Thomas More is forced to choose between his Catholic faith and his loyalty to the king. Winner of the Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Actor, Best Cinematography, and Best Costume Design in 1966.
|$ 20,000,000<ref>This figure is a worldwide gross.</ref>
|-
|''Adam's Rib''
|1949
|Not rated
| Spencer Tracy hilariously exposes budding feminist Katharine Hepburn's hypocritical double standards in the legal system.
|
|-
|''Air Force One''
|1997
|R
|Positively portrays a strong U.S. president who takes an uncompromising stance against terrorism. Includes positive material about family, authority, the military and sacrifice.
|$ 172,956,409
|-
|''Alone Yet Not Alone''
|2013
|PG-13
|Conservative Movie that demonstrates the significance that Christianity has had in building this great country of ours. Liberals were shaken when it received an Oscar nomination, proving that there is still a strong, prevalent Conservative voice in Hollywood.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Amazing Grace (movie)|Amazing Grace]]''
|2006
|PG
|Shows the horrors of slave trade. Also makes clear that, contrary to academic claims, Christianity played the largest role in the abolition movement, and that most secular humanists either supported slavery or otherwise did not do a thing to stop it.
|$ 21,208,358
|-
|''American Sniper''
|2015
|R
|The biopic of [[Iraq War]] [[veteran]], [[patriot]] and [[hero]], [[United States Navy|Navy]] [[SEAL]] [[sniper]] [[Chris Kyle]].
|$304,000,000.
|-
|''[[Animal Farm]]''
|1999
|Not Rated
|Live-action film adaptation of the [[conservative]] text of the same name from [[George Orwell]] and of the 1945 original.
|NA - TV
|-
|''[[Argo]]''
|2012
|R
|A daring rescue of Americans trapped in Iran during the [[Iranian Hostage Crisis]]. Also shows the incompetence of the [[Jimmy Carter]] administration in dealing with the hostage crisis.
|
|-
|''[[Atlas Shrugged, Part 1|Atlas Shrugged - Part 1]]''
|2011
|PG-13
|Big screen adaptation of the classic objectivist text.
|$ 4,563,873|
|-
|''Bee Movie''
|2007
|PG
|Even a little bee can change the world. Shows the destructiveness of environmentaslism (i.e. butting into natures problems un the name of helping her), espouces the reward of hard work.
|$287,594,577
|-
|''Bella''
|2007
|PG-13
|[[Pro-life]] drama.
|$8,070,537
|-
|''[[Ben-Hur (film, 1959)|Ben-Hur]]''
|1959
|UR
|Celebrates honor and duty to family and country, with a pro-Christian ending, long held the record for the most [[Academy Awards]].
|$ 17,300,000
|-
|''The Blues Brothers''
|1980
|R
|Comedy musical. A story of redemption, "A mission from God", raising money to save a Catholic orphanage. R-rated movie for vulgar language, slap stick comedy. Vatican approved. <ref>[http://liveshots.blogs.foxnews.com/2010/06/18/vatican-blesses-blues-brothers/ Vatican Calls The Blues Brothers “Catholic”, FOXNews, June 19, 2010]</ref>
|$ 57,229,890
|-
|''Brazil''
|1985
|R
|Much like the conservative text ''1984'' it promotes the idea that big government is wrong for this world.
|
|-
|''[[Bruce Almighty]]''
|2003
|PG-13
|Shows, in a comedic, accessible way, that no one mortal can successfully do [[God]]'s job. (Written by Steve Koren & Mark O'Keefe, the same writers of ''Click''.)
|$242,589,580
|-
|''[[Captain America: The First Avenger]]''
|2011
|PG-13
|Contains messages of patriotism, perseverance and standing up to evil dictators. The film's protagonist Steve Rogers is also arguably the most conservative superhero of the Avengers universe. Last film produced by Marvel Studios before it's takeover by liberal parent [[Disney]].
|$176,654,505
|-
|''Captain America: The Winter Soldier''
|2014
|PG-13
|Film about a hero who believes in the principles that the United States was founded on and is unwilling to see them be destroyed. The filmmakers based the villains of this film on the NSA and the Obama administration.
|$259,766,572
|-
|''Chariots of Fire''
|1981
|PG
|Stories of devout Scottish Christian [[Eric Liddell]] who wants to run for the glory of God and Jewish [[Harold Abrahams]], struggling to overcome prejudice in 1924 Britain. That year's Olmypics Games was especially spiritual when Liddell refused the Prince of Wales' request that he perform his competition on a Sunday.
|$ 58,972,904
|-
|''Cheaper by the Dozen''
|2003
|PG
|Pro-family movie, as the father must sacrifice his dream for his family.
|$190,212,113
|-
|''Chinatown''
|1974
|R
|A thriller about the deceit surrounding water rights in southern California and L.A.'s water system, removing most of the water from the central valley. Sequel: "The Two Jakes" (1990)
|$ 30,000,000 (world wide estimate)
|-
|''Chitty Chitty Bang Bang''
|1968
|G
|Family fights against the villainous king and queen who have outlawed children The film is also pro-family, pro-capitalism, and shows the qualities of practicality.
|$ 7.5 million
|-
|''[[The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe]]''
|2005
|PG
|Based upon the Christian allegory written by C.S. Lewis.
|$ 291,709,845
|-
|data-sort-value="Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian"|[[The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian]]
|2008
|PG
|
|$ 141,621,490
|-
|''[[The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader]]''
|2010
|PG
|
|$ 104,383,624
|-
|''City Slickers''
|1991
|PG-13
|Motivational feel good movie about a man who goes on vacation to Colorado with his friends to be cowboys in order to find his happiness. The main lesson is about having values and knowing what's really importance in life
|$179,033,791
|-
|''Click''
|2006
|PG-13
|A man gets a remote control that can control his life and be able to skip many events in it, including many involving his family. He then learns that he should instead appreciate his life and his family to its fullest, and to not to be ungrateful with experiences that he thinks, out of selfishness, he doesn't always feel like living. (Written by Steve Koren & Mark O'Keefe, the same writers of ''[[Bruce Almighty]]''.)
|$137,340,146
|-
|''Coach Carter''
|2005
|PG-13
|Promotes the theme that graduating from high school and having proper moral values are more important than becoming famous athletes.
|$67,253,092
|-
|''Cobra''
|1986
|R
|[[Sylvester Stallone]] plays a tough police officer who is seemingly above the law, in order to control and stop crime. The liberals and the press are shown in a negative point for not supporting his enforcement.
|$357,067,947
|-
|''Coma''
|1978
|PG
|Villains are running an anti-life conspiracy at a hospital.
|$
|-
|''Contact''
|1997
|PG
|The overall message is about how science and faith do not have to be in opposition to one another.
|$ 100,853,835
|-
|''Courageous''
|2011
|PG-13
|Sherwood Pictures film focusing on the role of fathers and the need for them.
|$ 34,522,221
|-
|''Cronos''
|1993
|R
|In this Mexican film by Guillermo del Toro (''Pan's Labyrinth'', ''Hellboy''), an elderly antiques dealer has a chance at immortality—but at the cost of being a leech to others. Mostly in Spanish with large parts in English.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[The Dark Knight]]''
|2008
|PG-13
|Christian allegory with message of not giving in to terrorists.
|$ 533,316,061
|-
|''[[The Dark Knight Rises]]''
|2012
|PG-13
|Movie that depicts [[Occupy Wall Street]] esque protestors as terrorists and has a hero that does the right thing even when it is the harder thing to do.
|$441,053,078
|-
|''Dark Matter''
|2007
|R
|A candid look at [[professor values]] along with problems associated with lack of assimilation; [[liberal]]s first praised the movie, but after realizing its [[conservative]] message, panned it.
|$ 30,041
|-
|''Don't tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead''
|1991
|PG-13
|Five siblings are left alone for the summer, with no money after their elderly babysitter passes away. They realize the importance of hard work, as well the responsibliites of being an adult, and the negative effects of drugs.
|$25,196,249
|-
|''Dumbo''
|1941
|G
|Exploiting the classic liberal trap of over analyzing. Illustrates the effective management of a business that treats people and animals as equals. Also includes, jolly birds that encourage Dumbo to pull himself up by his bootstraps and learn to fly. Also main character is an elephant
|$29,647,974
|-
|''[[Escape from Hell]]''
|2000
|UR
|Drama about a doctor and near-death experience.
|NA - DVD
|-
|''Evelyn''
|2002
|PG
|True story of Irish father's legal struggle to recover his kids from an orphanage.
|$ 1,483,975
|-
|''[[The Exorcist]]''
|1973
|R
|(''not for children'') - A portrayal of pure evil against a positive characterization of [[Christianity]]. It broke the record for movie revenue and had several sequels and imitators, e.g. ''[[The Omen]]'' in 1976 and The Omen's sequels....
|$ 441,071,011

|-
|''The Expendables''
|2010
|R
|Action movie featuring such Conservative Stars as [[Sylvester Stallone]], [[Bruce Willis]], and former California Governor [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]
|$103,068,524
|-
|''The Expendables 2''
|2012
|R
|Sequel to 2010's ''The Expendables'' starring returning Conservative action stars Stallone, Willis and Schwarzenegger as well as [[Chuck Norris]].
|$11.5
|-
|[[Facing the Giants]]
|2006
|PG
|Trust in [[God]], let him take over, and good things will happen.
|$ 10,178,331
|-
|''Faith of My Fathers''
|2005
|PG-13
|The true story of [[John McCain]] when he served valiantly in the Vietnam War.
|
|-
|Ferris Bueller's Day Off
|1986
|PG-13
|Shows teenage fun without the use of drugs, alcohol or smoking, main character spends a lot of time with his girlfriend and possibly chooses abstinence. Hero also says, he is not socialist, and will never be socialist. Mocks public schools and liberal teaching
| $70,136,369
|-
|''Fiddler on the Roof''
|1971
|G
|A celebration of tradition, faith, and the importance of family, against a historical background of the persecution of Russian Jews.
|$ 50,000,000
|-
|''[[Fireproof (film)|Fireproof]]''
|2008
|PG
|Highly successful pro-Christian, pro-marriage film created by [[Sherwood Pictures]].
|$ 33,451,479
|-
|''Flash of Genius''
|2008
|PG-13
|The intellectual property of a hard-working, solitary inventor is promoted, and his children stuck by his side through enormous difficulties.
|$ 3,744,790
|-
|''Flight 93''
|2006
|PG-13
|Shows the bravery of the passengers on Flight 93, which was hijacked on September 11th, 2001, and crashed into a Pennsylvania field. The passengers fought back against the hijackers.
|NA - TV
|-
|''For Greater Glory''
|2012
|R
|The [[Catholic]] Cristeros Army fights back for religious freedom against a suppressive, [[leftist]] government. Based on the Cristeros War of the 1920's.
|$5,608,651
|-
|''[[Forbidden Planet]]''
|1956
|UR
|
|$ 3,000,000
|-
|''The Forgotten''
|2004
|PG-13
|A mystery film with a great [[Pro-life]] message.<ref>[http://www.decentfilms.com/reviews/forgotten.html ''The Forgotten''] at Decent Film Guide</ref>
|Unknown
|-
|''[[The Fountainhead]]''
|1949
|UR
|Gary Cooper and Patricia Neal starring in Ayn Rand's classic story of the right of the individual to produce on their own terms.
|Unknown
|-
|''Gattaca''
|1997
|PG-13
|A condemnation of human genetic engineering, and a wonderful triumph of individualism in an extremely totalitarian regime. Unfortunately the movie ends with a materialistic message: "They say every atom in our bodies was once a part of a star. So, maybe I'm not leaving, maybe I'm going home" (A phrase said when the protagonist finally managed to go to space).
|$ 12,339,633
|-
|''[[Ghostbusters]]''
|1984
|PG
|Fitting satire of an unfair (and likely liberal) professor, senseless academic research, paganism, and a villainous EPA regulator. Sample line by one of the stars (Dan Aykroyd) when asked to shift from the public to the [[private sector]]: “I don’t know about that. I’ve worked in the private sector. They expect results!” Followed by a sequel, "Ghostbusters 2" in 1989.
|$ 238,632,124
|-
|God's Not Dead
|2014
|PG
|Christian film about a brave young man who stands up to his Atheist bully of a professor and demonstrates the strength and wholesomeness of Christianity. Furthermore, it illustrates Atheists as people who acknowledge the existence of God, but deny him out of self hatred. Features Conservative celebrity cameos such as Willie and Korie Robertson (of [[Duck Dynasty]] fame) and the Christian Rock Band, the Newsboys. Liberals were shocked when it stood strong in the box office, being in the top 5 opening weekend
|$9,244,641
|-
|''[[Gone With the Wind]]''
|1939
|UR
|Celebrates a strongly ''feminine'' heroine who is the antithesis of a modern [[feminist]], and held the record for top-grossing movie for decades.
|$ 198,676,459
|-
|The Goonies
|1985
|PG-13
|The adventures of teenagers trying to find a long lost treasure, before the criminals do.
|$61,389,680
|-
|''The Greatest Story Ever Told''
|1965
|UR
| Title says it all: The story of Jesus (played excellently by Max Von Sydow).
|$8,000,000 (U.S.), $20,000,0000 (worldwide)
|-
|''The Green Berets''
|1968
|G
|Vivid defense of our troops' conduct in the Vietnam War.
|$ 11,000,000
|-
|''Groundhog Day''
|1993
|PG
|Pro-Family, Pro-God, promotes Christianity and contains many conservative values
|$70,906,973
|-
|''Harry's War''
|1981
|PG
|Anti-IRS comedy.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Hero]]''
|1992
|PG-13
|Even those with character flaws can do good.
|$ 19,487,173
|-
|''The Hiding Place''
|1975
|PG
|Biopic World War II story of Corrie and Betsy (Elizabeth) ten Boom (Jeannette Clift, Julie Harris), who hid Jews in their Haarlem, Netherlands home's secret wall and were betrayed and imprisoned in Ravensbruck Women's concentration camp in Germany, until Betsy's death and Corrie's accidental release through what would years later be found to be a clerical mistake, as all the other women in Corrie's group of prisoners were gassed to death in January, 1945. A true lesson of "no pit is so deep that God's love is not deeper still." Produced by Billy Graham Evangelical Association's, World Wide Pictures.
|unknown revenue
|-
|''Hitler's Children''
|1943
|UR/PG
|Sensational melodrama about the [[Hitler Youth]] of pre-WWII 1930s Nazi Germany, based on Gregor Ziemer's best selling ''Education for Death: The Making of A Nazi".
|$3,355,000
|-
|''Home Run''
|2013
|PG-13
|Christian Sports Drama about a baseball player, who tries to overcome a serious drinking problem.
|$2,861,020
|-
|''Honey, I Shrunk The Kids''
|1989
|PG
| Loveable genius inventor Wayne Szalinski (Rick Moranis) accidentally shrinks his children and some of his neighbors's while testing his laser shrinking ray, sending them off on an adventure in their own yard against what would be mundane situations and creatures to normal sized people. Spawned two sequels, the obviously opposite ''Honey, I Blew up The Kid'' (1992) and video-made ''Honey, We Shrunk Ourselves'' (1997)
| $130,724,2000
|-
|''The Hurt Locker''
|2008
|R
|A look into the life of an American bomb disposal regiment in Iraq risking their lives for their country and for the innocent by confronting evil. Rated R for violence and language.
|$ 12,647,089
|-
|''I Am David''
|2003
|PG
|Motivational movie to show the power of the individual, and the triumph of charity, faith, and hope as well as showing the dangerous of communism
|$292,376
|-
|''I Confess''
|1953
|UR
|In this classic by Alfred Hitchcock, a clergyman honors his sacred vow of confidentiality with respect to a confession despite intense pressure to disclose it.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[The Incredibles]]''
|2004
|PG
|The world's superheroes are forced to give up their heroics and go into hiding after Mr. Incredible saves a suicidal man as well as a derailed train from a bridge destroyed by one of his enemies (who ironically got away with it), causing the populace to turns on superheroes and lawyers to sue them.

The film celebrates the importance of the family unit; Elastigirl fails at parenting when her husband, Mr. Incredible, neglects to help her raise their children; a traditional family of superheroes is portrayed as the saviors of society, whose importance and presence has been unfairly suppressed. In addition, Mr. Incredible was also shown in the beginning to take marriage seriously, immediately heading over to the wedding when he realizes he may be running late, and doing various crime-stopping when he has time before it.

The movie also contains the conservative idea that recognition should be based on merit rather than on unsubstantiated expectations of equality. The villain, Syndrome, out of sheer jealousy, attempts to kill off real superheroes so that he use technology to pretend to be one, later planning to sell his gadgets so that everyone in the world can be super. "And when everyone is super," he explains, "no one will be." When Mr. Incredible is asked to attend his son's fifth-grade graduation, he criticizes society for "celebrating mediocrity" instead of those who are "genuinely exceptional."
|$631,442,092
|-
|''[[Indiana Jones]] series''
|1981, 1984, 1989, 2008
|PG PG-13
|
|Unknown
|-
|''Invasion of the Body Snatchers''
|1956
|UR
|A science fiction condemnation of [[Communism]], produced for only $420,000 and remade successfully in three additional movies.
|$ 2,500,000
|-
|''[[Iron Eagle]]''
|1986
|PG-13
| A young man's father, an Air Force pilot, is shot down over the Middle East and its up to the young man and an Air Force colonel to save him. Included three sequels in 1988, 1992 and 1995.
|$24,159,872 (U.S.)
|-
|''The Island''
|2005
|PG-13
|Pro-life statement against cloning to harvest organs.
|$ 35,799,026
|-
|''[[Jurassic Park]]''
|1993
|PG-13
|Criticizes the effects of research into genetic [[cloning]],Included two sequels in 1997 and 2001 and a planned fouth entry in 2013.
|$357,067,947
|-
|''King of Kings''
|1961
|PG-13, originally NR
|2 hour, 51 minute widescreen epic by the great director Nicholas Ray about Jesus and his promises of spiritual redemption, as contrasted with the story of the revolutionary leader Barabbas and his promises of worldly redemption.
|Unknown
|-
|''Knute Rockne: All-American''
|1940
|UR
|Stars [[Ronald Reagan]] as corageous football player George Gipp, who dies before an important game.
|Unknown
|-
|''Ladder 49''
|2004
|PG-13
|Shows the courageousness of firefighters.
|$ 74,541,707
|-
|''Last Ounce of Courage''
|2012
|PG
|Family drama about the struggles Christians suffer through politics and abolishment of religious freedom
|$1,585,994
|-
|''Lean on Me''
|1989
|PG-13
|A true story about combating drug use, violence, and contempt for authority while exalting positive values like academic achievement and family values. Biodrama about Paterson, New Jersey's real life [[Joe Clark]]. <ref>http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0097722/</ref>
|$ 31,906,454
|-
|''Liar Liar''
|1997
|PG-13
|Surprisingly takes on an anti-feminist theme by depicting the father as the good, righteous side in a courtroom divorce trial.
|$181,410,615
|-
|''The Lion King''
|1994
|G
|A main message of the movie is honoring thy father, and the power-hungry main antagonist, once he becomes ruler, favors big government, pushes [[liberal values]] and destroys their territory.
|$ 312,825,899
|-
|''The Little Mermaid''
|1989
|G
|A mermaid strives to become a traditional female human, following the patriarchal system of society. The centers around conservative Christian values and contains an anti-feminism theme. The villain is shown in a devilish way, and claims about men not wanting women who talk and care only for a woman's body language (a common claim by feminists against males) is made clear to be lies. In addition, it also contains a pro-traditional marriage theme, and is the last Disney animated feature film to actually treat traditional marriage as a good thing for a while. Despite being set under the sea, it also features an anti-[[Environmentalism]] message, as the characters (namely King Triton) who pushed anti-human sentiments turned out to be wrong in their negative views on humans.
|$111,543,479
|-
|''[[The Lives of Others]]''
|2006
|R
|(''Not for children'') - This German-language film is a stinging criticism of [[Communist]] [[East Germany]] from a liberal perspective.
|$ 11,286,112
|-
|''[[The Fellowship of the Ring (film, 2001)|The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
|2001
|PG-13
|Clear distinction between good and evil with positive themes of friendship, bravery, honor, sacrifice and overcoming temptation.
|$ 314,776,114
|-
|''[[The Two Towers (film, 2002)|The Lord of the Rings: the Two Towers]]''
|2002
|PG-13
|Strong portrayals of redemption and good over evil.
|$ 340,478,898
|-
|''[[The Return of the King (2003 film)|The Lord of the Rings: the Return of the King]]''
|2003
|PG-13
|Bravery, heroism, sacrifice and good ultimately triumphing over evil.
|$ 377,027,325
|-
|''Logan's Run''
|1967
|PG/R
|A man within a liberal society (evideniced by acceptance of homosexuality and work-free spoiled existance) that kills everyone on their 30th claiming it's rebirth (see [[Liberal Denial]]) escapes to find a world of hardwork and ageing.
|
|-
|''The Lost Weekend''
|1945
|UR
|Illustrates the dangers of alcohol abuse.
|Unknown
|-
|''Make Mine Freedom''
|1948
|
|A short cartoon, which shows how [[Capitalism]] works and how [[Communism]] steals [[Freedom]].
|Unknown
|-
|Man Of Steel
|2013
|PG-13
| [[Superman]] is portrayed as a Christ-like figure, shows bravery of the U.S. Military and shows the theme of protecting the ones you love.
|$291,045,518
|-
|''[[Master and Commander | Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World]]''
|2003
|PG-13
|Promotes many positive conservative values including faith in God, patriotism, duty, honor, respect for authority, discipline, bravery, sacrifice, and friendship.
|$ 93,926,386
|-
|''[[Matilda]]''
|1996
|PG
|Film adaptation of Roald Dahl's children's novel of a bright little girl who uses her magical genius to free herself from the foolish, selfish people in her life-her self-absorbed parents, bratty brother and horrid [[public school]] principal.
|$33,084,249
|-
|''Meet the Robinsons''
|2007
|G
|A child does not seem to fit in to society, his main hobby is inventing. He travels to the future to see meet his family, and he realizes persistence pays off in the end and he discovers that his inventions ultimately do change society, and his own life, for the better. The movie shows a message about the value of life, family, and considers the contributions and possibilities lost by every child that is aborted.
|$169,333,034
|-
|''The Mill and the Cross'' (Polish original)
|2011
|UR
|Persecution of Christians in Flanders region of Belgium during the 16th Century
|$ 310,900
|-
|''[[Miracle]]''
|2004
|PG
|Movie about the United States hockey team which won the gold medal in the 1980 Winter Olympics. Stresses the important of hard work, resiliency, selflessness and putting your best effort forward to reach an unseen goal.
|$ 64,445,708
|-
|''Moses''
|1974 Italy-U.K.
|PG
|Italian-British-American production which features [[Burt Lancaster]] playing [[Moses]] the lawgiver. Less flamboyant than Cecil B. Demille's movie The Ten Commandments and focuses more on the Biblical figure of Moses. Originally a 6-part U.S. TV mini-series in 1975, but edited to make it a U.S. movie in 1976.
|unknown money returns
|-
|''Mr. Skeffington''
|1944
|UR
|Bette Davis portrays a socialite whose life is ruined when she turns ugly with age. Anti-Nazi and anti-materialistic.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Mr. Smith Goes to Washington]]''
|1939
|UR
|A tale of a good, simple man rising above the pressures of [[liberals]] to do the right thing. Features perhaps the best defense of the American political system ever committed to film.
|Unknown
|-
|-
|''My Own Private Idaho''
|1991
|R
|Two good friends learn to pull themselves up by their bootstraps and make it in the business world.
|unknown
|-
|''My Son John''
|1952
|UR
|A small-town couple's world is turned upside-down by the discovery that their adult son is a Communist.
| amount made unknown
|-
|''The Name of the Rose''
|1986
|R
|A mystery centered around the balance between faith and science, as well as debate over the role of poverty in religion and religious orders.
|$ 5,595,706
|-
|''The Nativity Story''
|2006
|PG
|Title says it all about this Biblical epic.
|$37,629,831
|-
|''Ninotchka''
|1939
|UR
|
|Unknown
|-
|''Not Without My Daughter''
|1991
|PG-13
|Sally Fields is [[Betty Mahmoody]], the U.S. wife who, along with her daughter, was tricked in 1984 by her Iranian born husband into traveling with him on what he said would be only two weeks in his homeland to visit his relatives (he lied bigtime about the two weeks part!).
|$14,789,113 (U.S.)
|-
|''[[October Baby]]''
|2012
|PG-13
|A first-rate, compelling film that leaves no doubt about how wrong [[abortion]] is.
|$5,357,328
|-
|''[[October Sky]]''
|1999
|PG
|Four high school boys from a rural coal mining town, inspired by Sputnik, set out to build their own rockets and become rocket scientists.
|$ 32,481,825
|-
|''Of Gods and Men'' (French original)
|2010
|R
|Martyrdom of Trappist monks by Muslim terrorists in an impoverished Algerian community
|$ 3,954,651
|-
|''Oh, God!''
|1977
|PG
|Acceptance of God's calling is rewarded, the faithful are vindicated, and naysayers are proven wrong. Had two sequels in 1980 and 1984.
|$ 41,687,243
|-
|''[[On The Waterfront]]''
|1954
|UR
|[[Marlon Brando]] plays Terry Malloy, who under the inspiration of a Catholic priest (Father Barry, played by [[Karl Malden]]), becomes a Christ-like figure. Betrayed by his brother and almost killed by the gang, he finds the strength to overcome and redeem his people from the slavery to the mobsters who run the waterfront. In stunning contrast to the liberals who kept silent about the Communist subversion in Hollywood, the film portrays the informer as the hero; liberal Hollywood never forgave director [[Elia Kazan]] for his stunning film. In real life, Kazan, Malden and screenwriter Budd Schulberg all testified before Congress, along with [[Ronald Reagan]]. Together they broke the power of the Reds in Hollywood.
|$ 9,600,000
|-
|''One Day In The Life of Ivan Denisovich''
|1970 Britain/Norway
|PG
| [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]]'s best selling novel brought to film as Tom Courtneay is the titular prisoner in early 1950s Siberia as punishment for surrendering to the Nazis during World War II and his struggle for small comforts to ease the harsh injusticies of the Gulag. A smashing indictment of the Soviet system.
|amount unknown
|-
|''One Foot In Heaven''
|1941
|UR
|
|Unknown
|-
|''The Pacifier''
|2005
|PG
|Navy Seal Shane Wolfe (Vin Diesel) is assigned to be the guardian of five children, he learns from them the responsibilities of being in a family. As they learn from him the importance of protecting the country
|$113,086,868
|-
|''Parental Guidance''
|2012
|PG
|Two parents raise their kids in liberal way, and as a result are unhappy and rebellious, they leave them alone with their grandparents for a weekend who bring in conservative values, and helps the kids realize the importance of family.
|$119,772,232
|-
|''[[The Patriot]]''
|2000
|R
|A patriot fights for American freedom during the [[American Revolution]].
|$215,294,342[
|-
|''Pinocchio''
|1940
|G
|A kindhearted craftsman wishes for his own son, a blue fairy (resembling the Blessed Virgin Mary) grants his wish and turns one of his wooden puppets into a real boy. The boy learns about "[[moral values]]", and must escape the bad boys who have"[[hollywood values]]" and as a result are turned in donkeys (may represent democrats in pop culture).
|$84,254,167
|-
|''[[Pirates of the Caribbean]]: On Stranger Tides''
|2011
|PG-13
|Unlike the rest of the movies in the series which were pure entertainment, this movie has some good Christian messages and a Christian missionary is presented in a positive light. The climax of the movie presents a very important message too; ''Only God can grant eternal life, not this pagan waters. Men, destroy this profane temple!''
|$1.046 billion
|-
|''[[The Prince of Egypt]]''
|1998
|PG
|An animated telling of the life of [[Moses]].
|$ 101,217,900
|-
|''[[The Pursuit of Happyness]]''
|2006
|PG-13
|A film that shows hard work, dedication, loyalty and trust can result in success and “happiness” for any American, regardless of race, gender or creed. It is an instructional piece about the tradition of “stick-to-it-iveness” that has made America a land of hope and opportunity for so many. This film’s main themes -- the primacy of the family, the blessings of free and open markets, the necessity of staying true to one’s ideals -- are all conservative concepts. .
|$307,077,300
|-
|''Quo Vadis''
|1951
|UR
|The early Christian Church during the time of [[Nero]]'s regime.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]''
|1981
|PG
|
|$242,374,454
|-
|''[[Red Dawn]]''
|1984
|PG-13
|A film by conservative writer and director [[John Milius]] about American high school students resisting a Soviet invasion through guerrilla warfare. Remade in 2012
|$ 35,866,000
|-
|''Rise of the Guardians ''
|2012
|PG
|Four immortal guardians appear as Christ-like creatures, who jobs are to protect those children who belief in them. Two of the guardians are Santa Claus and the Eagle Bunny based on Christian allegories.
|$103,412,758
|-
|''[[Rocky]]''
|1976
|PG
|A talented but down-on-his-luck fighter gets a chance to challenge himself to the ends of his ability. This film-and its sequels and remakes- reinforces man's ability to overcome challenges. Included four sequels and one remake.
|$ 117,235,247
|-
|''[[The Room]]''
|2003
|R
|Anti-alcoholism and adultery. Shows the destructive nature of liberal values.
|$1800 in its initial theater run. Has done much better in recent theater screanings.
|-
|''Rosemary's Baby''
|1968
|R
|Higher powers intervene in this story of a young Catholic mother's devotion to her unborn infant
|Unknown
|-
|''Rudy''
|1993
|PG
|A young man overcomes many obstacles, including dyslexia, to play for the [[Notre Dame]] football team. Shows the value of hard work and never giving up.
|$ 22,750,363
|-
|''The Sandlot''
|1993
|PG
|Honestly depicts 1950s America when boys acted like boys and girls acted like girls, wimps were taught to toughen up, and every boy had a chance to be great. No historical revisionism.
|$ 32,416,586
|-
|''The Santa Clause (Series)''
|1994, 2002, 2006
|PG
|A divorced father of one must take on the responsibility of being Santa Claus after he is chosen, promotes the importance of traditional marriage, and the importance of family and Christmas
|$144,833,357, $144,833,357, $144,833,357
|-
|''Saving Christmas''
|2014
|PG
|Kirk Cameron fights using the truth in the War on Christmas. Liberals tried to censor it, but ultimately became a hit among those who believes in the truth.
|$2,800,000
|-
|''Sergeant York''
|1941
|UR
|A young American soldier during WWI overcomes an unfounded religious objection to killing and becomes a war hero.
|Unknown
|-
|''The Seventh Seal''
|1956
|NR
|Swedish film about the strength of religion.
|
|-
|''The Seventh Sign''
|1988
|R
|Starring Demi Moore, a fictional account of the return of Jesus to usher in the apocalypse and judge mankind. Catholic themed movie has Demi offering her life for the souls of others.
|$ 18,875,011
|-
|''Shane''
|1953
|UR
|Western about defending a homesteading family.
|$ 20,000,000
|-
|''Shattered Glass''
|2003
|PG-13
|Based on the true story of Stephen Glass (Hayden Christensen), a reporter in the late 90's for the liberal magazine The New Republic, lies and distorts news stories to make them entertaining. He begins by submitting an article about the Conservative Political Action Conference, in which he fabricated stories of drinking and sexual mischief. Then, after he writes a colorful but suspicious story on a superstar web hacker, a group from a small online news site begin to question his journalistic integrity.
|$2,220,008
|-
|''Snitch''
|2013
|PG-13
|A father becomes an informant on helping the police arrest drug dealers, so he can get his son out of prison. Pro-drug war, the villains of the movie are all drug dealers.
|$42,930,462
|-
|''Soul Surfer''
|2011
|PG
|The true story of champion surfer 13-year-old Bethany Hamilton who loses her arm to a shark. Her Christian faith helps her overcome her handicap to surf once again.
|$ 43,853,424
|-
|''[[The Sound of Music]]''
|1965
|UR
|Solid family entertainment about Austria's von Trapps before World War II.
|$ 158,671,368
|-
|''[[Spider-Man (film)]]''
|2002
|PG-13
|Praises moral virtue (hard-working teenager, devout aunt and well-meaning uncle) and pokes fun at [[liberals]] (entertainers and journalists). Hero chooses [[abstinence]]. This was one of the most profitable films ever made and had two sequels.
|$ 403,706,375
|-
|''Strategic Air Command''
|1955
|UR
|Actor (and Brigadier [[General]]) [[James Stewart]]'s story of the real [[Strategic Air Command]] and its transition from prop planes to jet planes.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[The Ten Commandments]]''
|1956
|UR
|The definitive film portrayal of [[Exodus]].
|$ 65,500,000
|-
|''The Tree of Life''
|2011
|PG-13
|An adaptation of the Book of Job set in 1950s Texas with a narrative structure based on the nature of human memory which many viewers will find confusing.
|Unknown
|-
|''True Lies''
|1994
|R
|Stars the future Republican governor of California, [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]. Teaches conservative values like marital loyalty, and political incorrect facts such as the fact that most terrorists are Middle Eastern radicals who don't value human life.
|$ 146,261,000
|-
|''The Tunnel'' (''Der Tunnel'')
|2001
|
|Based on a true story a group of East Berliners escaping harsh Communist rule and hatch a plan to help others escape that same oppressive regime.
|$ 10,890
|-
|''Twelve O'Clock High''
|1949
|UR
|A thrilling movie about the heroics of fighter pilots during [[World War II]]; used as an educational film for management training seminars.
|$ 3,225,000
|-
|''Uncle Buck''
|1989
|PG-13
|A slobbish bachelor babysits his rebellious teenage niece and her younger brother and sister, and they learn the true importance of family.
|$79,258,538
|-
|''[[Veggie Tales]]''
|1993-Present
|TV-Y
|The adventures of anthropomorphic vegetables, where the stories are all based upon moral themes based on Christianity.
|Made for TV
|-
|''We Were Soldiers''
|2002
|R
|Pro-war story film based on the soldiers and families fighting in World War II.
|$114,660,784
|-
|''The Wicker Man''
|2006
|PG-13
|Shows the dangers of feminism.
|
|-
|''Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory''
|1971
|G
|Showing the importance of having character. Charlie is able to accept the consequences of his actions. He acknowledges his wrongdoing while in the factory, and relinquishes a potential goldmine, from the sale of his everlasting gobstopper to a rival spy, back to Wonka.
The hidden message in this film is one of redemption. It is hidden because it is conveyed through the imagery of the films final scene. Charlie has made it to the end of his journey. Despite his moral struggles, he finds redemption through his desire to correct his mistake. He is given a reward that is beyond his wildest expectations- he is given the keys to the factory while the Wonkavator crashes through the ceiling up into the sky. The allusion to Heaven and salvation is unmistakable.
|$4 million
|-
|''The Winning Team''
|1952
|UR
|[[Ronald Reagan]] stars as a baseball pitcher who overcomes his problems to help his team win. This was one of Reagan's own favorites.
|Unknown
|-
|''Witness''
|1985
|R
|Highlights the virtues of strong moral values, with more substance than ''High Noon''.
|$ 65,500,000
|-
|''Won't Back Down''
|2012
|PG-13
|A brilliant movie that criticizes public schools.
|
|-
|''[[World Trade Center]]''
|2006
|PG-13
|Highlights the bravery of NYC's firemen and police in [[9/11]]
|$ 70,236,496
|-
|''Wreck It Ralph''
|2012
|PG
|Main lesson of the film is that Ralph a video game villain who is being the poor and medal-less guy encourages him to use his equal opportunities to do better and pursue his own successes. The basis of the American Dream, the goal of overcoming one's present, lowly circumstances to achieve a state of greatness; and shows how trying to achieving this goal by theft, is the wrong way to do it. In addition the main villain of the movie is competition-hating villain, who has a pushed liberal values and established what's like a fixed-economy where in a game only he wins.
|$189,422,889
|-
|}

==Documentaries==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Film
!Year
!Rating
!Comments
!Gross (Domestic)
|-
|''[[2016: Obama's America]]''
|2012
|PG
|Documentary by Conservative author [[Dinesh D'Souza]] explores the disturbing origins of [[Barack Hussein Obama]], including his inherited philosophy with his [[Barack Obama Sr.|drunken father]] and his inspiration from [[Communist]]s [[Frank Marshall Davis]] and [[William Ayers|Bill Ayers]].
|$33,349,941
|-
|''[[Expelled | Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed]]''
|2008
|PG
|[[Ben Stein]] exposes [[evolution|evolutionists]]' scientific and education system [[deceit]].
|$ 7,690,545
|-
|''[[The Great Global Warming Swindle]]''
|2007
|UR
|Exposing the greatest fraud in the history of science.
|NA - TV
|-
|''[[Hillary: The Movie]]''
|2008
|UR
|Citizens United film exposing Hillary Clinton. This movie was the impetus of the lawsuit which overturned the McCain-Feingold legislation by the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] in ''[[Citizens United v. FEC]]''.
|NA - TV
|-
|''[[How Should We Then Live]]''
|1976
|UR
|Christian film that traces Western history from Ancient Rome until 1976. A study of philosophic, scientific, and religious movements reflecting changing patterns.
|NA - TV
|-
|''[[I Want Your Money]]''
|2010
|PG
|Documentary film which supports the triumph of [[Reagan]]-economics over [[Obamanomics]].
|$433,588
|-
|''[[Indoctrinate U]]''
|2007
|UR
|Exposed political correctness, racial and ethnic politics in the academic setting. <ref>[http://video.yahoo.com/watch/3624795/9994231 Indoctrinate U -Part 1/3, Yahoo]</ref>
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Kids Aren't Cars]]''
|2011
|UR
|How the teachers' unions are destroying our public schools. <ref>[http://www.kidsarentcars.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/KACOneSheet.pdf KAC Summary]</ref>
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Maafa21]]''
|2009
|UR
|This film explores the inception of [[Planned Parenthood]] as an organization created to exterminate African-Americans. It exposes the words of its' racist founder [[Margaret Sanger]] and their impact on black genocide more than a century later. <ref>[http://www.maafa21.com www.maafa21.com]</ref>
|NA - DVD
|-
|''Occupy Unmasked''
|2012
|Not rated
|Documentary about [[Occupy Wall Street]]-movement.
|
|-
|''[[Waiting for Superman]]''
|2010
|PG
|Documentary on the U.S.' failed public school system.
|$ 6,410,257
|-
|''[[The Soviet Story]]''
|2008
|
|Documentary about the crimes of [[Communism]] and the [[Soviet Union]].
|-
|"MARGARET THATCHER - Death of a Revolutionary"
|2013
|
|Shows how Thatcher's economic liberalism helped Britain turn from the sick man of Europe and the only socialist country outside of the [[Iron Curtain]] to one of Europe's best economies. It tells us contrary to popular belief (which is mostly likely lies spread by socialists, liberals and fake conservatives), the working classes actually liked her more than the upper classes.
|}

== Debatable Whether Conservative ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Film
!Year
!Rating
!Comments
!Gross (Domestic)
|-
|''[[Zulu]]''
|1964
|UR
|Courageous, Duty, Patriotism. A defending of Western Civilisation.
|
|-
|''[[The Passion of the Christ]]''
|2004
|R
|Downplays the [[Resurrection]],<ref>The original version of the film had no references at all to the Resurrection.</ref> and strength of Christianity and omits powerful angels; instead exaggerates triumph of evil; film had little lasting effect on public or its producer; portrayed nails as through the hands rather than through the wrists as depicted by the [[Shroud of Turin]] and confirmed by modern science.
|$ 370,782,930
|-
|''Team America: World Police''
|2004
|R
|While is clearly pro-military, pro-America, and anti-Hollywood, the movie is riddled with liberal values, including toilet humor and vulgar language throughout. Also, in the movie's foul mouthed theme song, it says yay to abortion, slavery, pornography, and Democrats, while having no positive reaction to Republicans
|
|-
|''Shame''
|2011
|NC-17
|While the movie shows [[Hollywood Values]], such as sex addiction, in a negative light and is clearly anti-homosexual agenda, as the main character reaches his lowest point by partaking in such acts, the film is graphic in its nature leaving one to question how conservative it really is.
|
|-
|''[[It's a Wonderful Life]]''
|1946
|UR
|Falsely teaches that humanism is what makes life worthwhile; marginalizes [[faith]] with a cartoonish depiction and demonizes capitalism as sadistic and greedy.
|$ 3,300,000
|-
|''[[High Noon]]''
|1952
|UR
|A favorite of both Presidents [[Dwight Eisenhower]] and [[Bill Clinton]]; [[John Wayne]] said it was "the most un-American thing I've ever seen in my whole life";<ref>http://www.brightlightsfilm.com/47/highnoon.php</ref> though susceptible of various interpretations, most of all it seems to scare people into wanting more government.
|$ 3,750,000
|-
|''[[P.C.U.]]''
|1994
|PG-13
|College students fight back against a campus where the administration promotes official [[diversity]] awareness weekends and radical [[feminism]], [[vegan]]ism, and [[political correctness]] run amok, but a conservative group on campus is also portrayed just as negatively as the P.C. groups.
|$ 4,350,774
|-
|''Pillow Talk''
|1959
|UR
|A classic starring Rock Hudson and Doris Day in which conservative values triumph over liberal ones. There are no distortions by feminist ideology. Indeed, in one scene a leading man slaps the leading lady, but then is beaten up by dimwitted bystanders for it!
|$ 18,750,000
|-
|''[[The Way We Were]]''
|1973
|PG
|Unique in the way that it appears liberal to liberals while unintentionally sending a [[conservative]] message to young women.
|$ 49,919,870
|-
|''[[Grease]]''
|1978
|PG
|Some [[conservative]] messages and no [[feminism]] or other [[political correctness]]; mocks [[public school]] and even [[television]] during the 1950s. Followed in 1982 by a much panned sequel (''[[Grease 2]]'').
|$ 153,113,000
|-
|''[[Fargo]]''
|1996
|R
|Pregnant sheriff with traditional American family values solves an elaborate criminal embezzlement, kidnapping and murder scheme.
|$ 24,611,975
|-
|''[[Juno (film)|Juno]]''
|2007
|PG-13
|A pregnant teenage woman rejects [[abortion]] and decides for an adoptive birth instead. This movie pushes [[feminism]] and marginalizes the essential role of fatherhood.
|$ 143,492,840
|-
|''Camelot''
|1967
|G
|The famous jousting scene is a powerful display of Christian values and chivalry, but the movie seems lost afterward.
|$ 31,102,578
|-
|''The Iron Lady''
|2011
|PG-13
|The British biopic of [[Conservative Party]] leader and 1979-90 [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]], Margaret Thatcher, showing the effects of conservative economic policy on Britain, helping to lift the country out of its recession.
|$ 80,554,188 (international including UK), $27,081,674 (US - domestic)
|-
|21 Jump Street
|2011
|R
|Two police officers try to take down a drug ring in high school where the villains are environmentalists and drug dealers. But contains many sexual references, full profanity, and many religious insults
|$201,585,328
|-
|I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry
|2007
|PG-13
|Portrayals an inside joke of gay marriage by having [[Adam Sandler]] and Kevin James pretend to be a gay couple in order to receive benefits. The villains of the movies are government ranking officials out to prove with they are really gay. However contains some scenes of girls in lingerie and Adam Sandler checking out some girls. The film took place prior to the 2011 enactment of the Marriage Equality Act, which legalized marriage for same-sex couples in the state. At the time of which the film was released the state allowed for residents to file for unregistered cohabitation rights, and various municipal and county governments had offered domestic partnership registries.
|$120,059,556
|-
|''Soul Man''
|1986
|PG-13
|A white student cheats the affirmative action system, by pretending to be black in order to get the scholarship he needs for to pay for Harvard. Towards the end is revealed he took the scholarship away from someone who needed it (and is really black), because she has a son and is divorced at such a young age. Exploits the racism that people have against white people. But on the positive note the film teaches the importance of hard work.
|$27,820,000
|-
|''[[The Simpsons]] Movie''
|2007
|PG-13
|Portrays the liberal [[Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] as a villainous and devious agency, and portrays the Government in general as intrusive and corrupt. On the other hand, it also promotes [[environmentalism]] in the beginning.
|$183,135,014
|-
|''Back to the Future''
|1985
|PG
|Contains some conservative messages such as the triumph of chivalry as well as the negative effects of deviancy and drug/alcohol addiction, although the film also promotes negative values including premarital sexual activity and disregard for chasity. Included two sequels in 1989 and 1990.
|$210,609,762
|-
|''The Campaign''
|2012
|R
|Political comedy depicts the Democratic candidate (Will Ferrell) as an obnoxious, drunken womanizer and satire of [[John Edwards]], although the Republican candidate (Zach Galifinakis) is portrayed just as negatively as a corrupt capitalist.
|$33,165,738
|-
|''Knocked Up''
|2007
|R
|Unemployed, immature and childish 23-year old Ben Stone (Seth Rogen) has a one night stand with serious career woman Alison Scott (Katherine Heigl), with the unintended consequence of pregnancy. Alison's mother (Joanna Kerns) says she should get the pregnancy "taken care of", while Ben's best friend Jonah (Jonah Hill) suggests that "I won't say the A-word, but it rhymes with abortion." Alison decides to keep the child, while Ben decides to find a real job, grow up, and become a father.
|$148,768,917
|-
|''[[Beauty and the Beast]]''
|1991
|G
|A young woman overcomes a shallow society and finds true love. Although by comparison a powerful and immensely popular antidote to [[feminism]] to the [[liberal]] movies churned out by [[Disney]] since, as well as overall promoting redemption (as seen with the Beast's transformation), and also promoting some family values (such as Belle being loyal to her father), there were a few hints at feminist propaganda at the beginning of the film, such as Belle being different from the villagers because she can read, which is implied to not be supported by the villagers at all (feminist propaganda often claims that women couldn't get an education until the 1960s), as well as Belle being unwilling to hold the role of housewife for Gaston or raising children. Then-Disney Chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg also mentioned that he wanted "a feminist twist" on the original fairy tale by creating a heroine who is "a departure from typical Disney female characters",<ref>http://articles.mcall.com/1991-11-22/features/2825583_1_beast-s-castle-fairy-tale-madame-gabrielle</ref> and Linda Woolverton made clear that she made Belle a feminist and based her on the women's liberation movement in order to avoid creating another insipid princess.<ref name="Beauty and Maleficent">{{Cite web|url = http://time.com/2798136/maleficent-beauty-beast-writer/|title = The Same Woman Wrote Maleficent and Beauty and the Beast—Here’s How They’re Linked|date = May 30, 2014|accessdate = January 16, 2014|website = Time|publisher = |last = Rothman|first = Lily}}</ref> Gaston is a conservative and hardworking hunter who is considered by the villagers to be their town hero, but is shown to be the main villain of the movie (it should also be noted that in the original screenplay for the film, Gaston was intended to be a Marquess [French nobleman], meaning the decision to make him a conservative and hardworking hunter was made after a rewrite). In addition, the villagers (strongly implied to be practicing and devout Christians) were later briefly seen supporting a plan that went against God's teachings. In addition, Belle's love for Beast (where it is implied that she was largely unaware of the Beast being formerly a human prince) could be seen as promoting bestiality. Also, it is the first Disney movie to neither show nor hint at the two love interests getting married, and in fact, the only "wedding" in the film was the one Belle ruined, creating negative implications about marriage as a result, as well as starting a string of movies that don't paint marriage in a positive light. There were also several overtones of a pro-homosexual agenda within the film, including the mob song late into the film, largely because of the executive producer, Howard Ashman, being gay and dying from AIDs at the time the film was made. One of the protagonistic characters, Lumiere, is briefly seen making out with a featherduster and was implied that the two weren't married, with some hints at Lumiere being a unrepentant womanizer. In addition, some elements of the film were later reused in the [[Essay:Worst Liberal Movies#Social|definitely liberal]] ''Maleficent'' movie.<ref name="Beauty and Maleficent" />
|$ 25,487,028
|-
|''[[Titanic]]''
|1997
|PG-13
|Every life had value and the most powerful men gave up their seats on lifeboats to women and children first; the media and a young [[RINO]] are rightly criticized; broke the record in movie revenues. However, it also gave some hints at a pro-socialist view, and a key scene involving Rose being drawn in the nude is invocative of pornography.
|$ 600,779,824
|-
|''[[The Hunger Games]]''
|2012
|PG-13
|Futuristic totalitarians plan titular annual televisied "games" as punishement on the descendants of failed revolutionaries from a past uprising. Although technically a message against totalitarianism and for individualism, Leftist actor Donald Sutherland, who played President Snow, implied that the struggles of the films' protagonists were supposed to be derived from the Occupy Wall Street movement, and the book's author also indicated that the events of the book were based on the George W. Bush administration.
|$406,267,858
|-
|Super
|2010
|R
|Main character becomes a super hero after a vision from God. He also frequently turns to prayer and a Christian television show for guidance. Even though his wife leaves him for a drug dealer, he remains loyal to her for the whole movie. Although contains foul language, violence, and brief nudity scenes.
|Unknown
|-
|''The LEGO Movie''
|2014
|PG
|Anti-Large Government, with a message that anyone has the potential to be extraordinary. However is also anti-capitalist, and the main villain is Lord Business
|
|-
|''We're the Milers''
|2013
|R
|A drug dealer, stripper, runaway, and average loser pretend to be a make family to sneak marijuana out of Mexico. However they learn the value and importance of family. The villains of the movie are all drug gang men, the film also features a stripper scene, and weather or not the film is anti-drug in the end is debatable
|$150,394,119
|-
|Kingsman: The Secret Service
|2015
|R
|Anti-enviromentalist, the villian attempts to eradicate the human race because of his belief in man made global warming. Though film is full of language and violence as well as a brief nudity scene.
|
|-
|''[[Star Wars]]''
|1977-1983 (Original Trilogy); 1999-2005 (Prequel Trilogy); 2015- (Sequel Trilogy)
|PG, PG-13 (Episode III Only)
|Mostly composed of simple truths about the triumph of good over evil, and in the case of Episode VI: Return of the Jedi, redemption. However, Episode VI also contained some implied pro-[[Vietcong]] propaganda at George Lucas' behest via the Ewoks, and the rerelease for ''Episode IV: A New Hope'' also had an infamous edit where it made it seem as though Greedo shot at Han first, with George Lucas later revealing he did the edit (or rather, falsely claimed it was always that way) as a means to promote gun control. The prequel trilogy also had some implied pot-shots at then-president George W. Bush and his War on Terror, and there was also an implied promotion of moral relativity in Revenge of the Sith (where Obi-Wan, when confronting Anakin Skywalker/Darth Vader in the climax, stated in reply to Anakin's declaration that Obi-Wan is his enemy if he's not with him that "only a Sith deals in absolutes.").
|$460,998,007
|-
|''U-571''
|2000
|PG-13
|Had a plot which was based on the first capture of a [[German]] [[Enigma machine]] in [[World War Two]]. Despite the film being patriotic to America, the facts are wrong as the Enigma machine was captured by the [[British]] in 1941 prior to the Americans entering the war.
|$77,122,415
|-
|"Wall E"
|2008
|
|The movie warned against big government (BNL), however it is also anti-capitalist and pro environmentalism as BNL is a cooperation.
|
|-
|}
== Debatable Whether Great ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Film
!Year
!Rating
!Comments
!Gross (Domestic)
|-

|Unknown
|-
|''Bugs Bunny's Space Jam''
|1996
|PG
|Michael Jordan uses the help of beloved children's characters from the 1950s (a simpler time in America's history) to beat back foreign invaders who wish to take away our freedoms.
|$ 90,443,603
|-
|''[[One Good Cop]]''
|1991
|R
|Titular [[New York City]] police detective (Michael Keaton) and his wife (Rene Russo) inherit a family-three small girls-when the detective's partner (Anthony Lapaglia) dies on duty. Has positive portrayals of law enforcers and clergy (one priest turns in money that was stolen from a drug dealer by the cop and left as a donation to his church and the girls talk about "going to Jesus"). Typical violent skirmishes mixed with tender sentimental ones, but also admissions of past adultery by the ill-fated partner, smoking, drinking, much profanity and, of course, illegal drugs.
|$ 11,276,846
|-
|''Jack and Jill''
|2011
|PG
|Adam Sandler stars as both Jack and Jill in this family comedy that is pro-capitalism and pro-family values
|$ 149,673,788
|-
|''[[An American Carol]]''
|2008
|PG-13
|[[David Zucker]]'s [[conservative]] comedy starring Kevin Farley, Kelsey Grammer, Jon Voight, Dennis Hopper, Trace Adkins and Leslie Nielsen.
|$7,013,191
|-
|}

== References ==
<references/>

== See also ==
*[[Essay:Worst Liberal Movies]]
*[[Essay:20 Greatest Conservative Movies of the Last 20 Years]]
*[[Essay:Greatest Conservative Songs]]
*[[Essay:Greatest Conservative TV Shows]]

{{Conservatism}}

[[Category:Essays about Conservatism]]
[[Category:Hollywood]]
[[Category:Greatest Conservative Movies]]
[[Category:Movies]]

Essay:Greatest Conservative Movies

2015-11-15T05:47:13Z

Bauhaus: /* Debatable Whether Conservative */

'''There have been many superb [[conservative]] films''':

==Narrative features==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Film
!Year
!Rating
!Comments
!Gross (Domestic)
|-
|''The 6th Day''
|2009
|PG-13
|Pro-Life, Anti-[[cloning]] movie Featuring Republican Governor [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]
|$ 34,543,701|
|-
|''17 Again''
|2009
|PG-13
|Main lesson is that choosing family and life over death and possible material riches is much more rewarding and fulfilling even if at times we don’t recognize it. Stands up for abstinence, and self-respect, and contains a strong speech for both of them. Such as "Because there is no one that I'm in love with. Its called making love, isn't it? Maybe I'm old fashion, but I think that means you do it with someone you love. And preferably when your married, when your ready to take that love and turn it into a baby."
|$64,167,069
|-
|''[[1984]]''
|1984
|R
|Big-screen adaptation of the iconic [[conservative]] text from [[George Orwell]].
|$8,430,492
|-
|''[[A Charlie Brown Christmas]]''
|1965
|G
|The real meaning of Christmas is discussed, as Linus quotes Luke 2:8-14. Decries the materialism that surrounds the Christmas holiday.
|NA - TV
|-
|''A Christmas Story''
|1983
|PG
|Heartwarming comedy about a kid who wants a BB Gun for Christmas
|$19,294,144
|-
|''A Gathering of Eagles''
|1963
|UR
|Illustrates duty, honor, and the burden of command.
|Unknown
|-
|''A Man For All Seasons''
|1966
|UR
|In 16th Century England, statesman and philosopher Thomas More is forced to choose between his Catholic faith and his loyalty to the king. Winner of the Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Actor, Best Cinematography, and Best Costume Design in 1966.
|$ 20,000,000<ref>This figure is a worldwide gross.</ref>
|-
|''Adam's Rib''
|1949
|Not rated
| Spencer Tracy hilariously exposes budding feminist Katharine Hepburn's hypocritical double standards in the legal system.
|
|-
|''Air Force One''
|1997
|R
|Positively portrays a strong U.S. president who takes an uncompromising stance against terrorism. Includes positive material about family, authority, the military and sacrifice.
|$ 172,956,409
|-
|''Alone Yet Not Alone''
|2013
|PG-13
|Conservative Movie that demonstrates the significance that Christianity has had in building this great country of ours. Liberals were shaken when it received an Oscar nomination, proving that there is still a strong, prevalent Conservative voice in Hollywood.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Amazing Grace (movie)|Amazing Grace]]''
|2006
|PG
|Shows the horrors of slave trade. Also makes clear that, contrary to academic claims, Christianity played the largest role in the abolition movement, and that most secular humanists either supported slavery or otherwise did not do a thing to stop it.
|$ 21,208,358
|-
|''American Sniper''
|2015
|R
|The biopic of [[Iraq War]] [[veteran]], [[patriot]] and [[hero]], [[United States Navy|Navy]] [[SEAL]] [[sniper]] [[Chris Kyle]].
|$304,000,000.
|-
|''[[Animal Farm]]''
|1999
|Not Rated
|Live-action film adaptation of the [[conservative]] text of the same name from [[George Orwell]] and of the 1945 original.
|NA - TV
|-
|''[[Argo]]''
|2012
|R
|A daring rescue of Americans trapped in Iran during the [[Iranian Hostage Crisis]]. Also shows the incompetence of the [[Jimmy Carter]] administration in dealing with the hostage crisis.
|
|-
|''[[Atlas Shrugged, Part 1|Atlas Shrugged - Part 1]]''
|2011
|PG-13
|Big screen adaptation of the classic objectivist text.
|$ 4,563,873|
|-
|''Bee Movie''
|2007
|PG
|Even a little bee can change the world. Shows the destructiveness of environmentaslism (i.e. butting into natures problems un the name of helping her), espouces the reward of hard work.
|$287,594,577
|-
|''Bella''
|2007
|PG-13
|[[Pro-life]] drama.
|$8,070,537
|-
|''[[Ben-Hur (film, 1959)|Ben-Hur]]''
|1959
|UR
|Celebrates honor and duty to family and country, with a pro-Christian ending, long held the record for the most [[Academy Awards]].
|$ 17,300,000
|-
|''The Blues Brothers''
|1980
|R
|Comedy musical. A story of redemption, "A mission from God", raising money to save a Catholic orphanage. R-rated movie for vulgar language, slap stick comedy. Vatican approved. <ref>[http://liveshots.blogs.foxnews.com/2010/06/18/vatican-blesses-blues-brothers/ Vatican Calls The Blues Brothers “Catholic”, FOXNews, June 19, 2010]</ref>
|$ 57,229,890
|-
|''Brazil''
|1985
|R
|Much like the conservative text ''1984'' it promotes the idea that big government is wrong for this world.
|
|-
|''[[Bruce Almighty]]''
|2003
|PG-13
|Shows, in a comedic, accessible way, that no one mortal can successfully do [[God]]'s job. (Written by Steve Koren & Mark O'Keefe, the same writers of ''Click''.)
|$242,589,580
|-
|''[[Captain America: The First Avenger]]''
|2011
|PG-13
|Contains messages of patriotism, perseverance and standing up to evil dictators. The film's protagonist Steve Rogers is also arguably the most conservative superhero of the Avengers universe. Last film produced by Marvel Studios before it's takeover by liberal parent [[Disney]].
|$176,654,505
|-
|''Captain America: The Winter Soldier''
|2014
|PG-13
|Film about a hero who believes in the principles that the United States was founded on and is unwilling to see them be destroyed. The filmmakers based the villains of this film on the NSA and the Obama administration.
|$259,766,572
|-
|''Chariots of Fire''
|1981
|PG
|Stories of devout Scottish Christian [[Eric Liddell]] who wants to run for the glory of God and Jewish [[Harold Abrahams]], struggling to overcome prejudice in 1924 Britain. That year's Olmypics Games was especially spiritual when Liddell refused the Prince of Wales' request that he perform his competition on a Sunday.
|$ 58,972,904
|-
|''Cheaper by the Dozen''
|2003
|PG
|Pro-family movie, as the father must sacrifice his dream for his family.
|$190,212,113
|-
|''Chinatown''
|1974
|R
|A thriller about the deceit surrounding water rights in southern California and L.A.'s water system, removing most of the water from the central valley. Sequel: "The Two Jakes" (1990)
|$ 30,000,000 (world wide estimate)
|-
|''Chitty Chitty Bang Bang''
|1968
|G
|Family fights against the villainous king and queen who have outlawed children The film is also pro-family, pro-capitalism, and shows the qualities of practicality.
|$ 7.5 million
|-
|''[[The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe]]''
|2005
|PG
|Based upon the Christian allegory written by C.S. Lewis.
|$ 291,709,845
|-
|data-sort-value="Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian"|[[The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian]]
|2008
|PG
|
|$ 141,621,490
|-
|''[[The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader]]''
|2010
|PG
|
|$ 104,383,624
|-
|''City Slickers''
|1991
|PG-13
|Motivational feel good movie about a man who goes on vacation to Colorado with his friends to be cowboys in order to find his happiness. The main lesson is about having values and knowing what's really importance in life
|$179,033,791
|-
|''Click''
|2006
|PG-13
|A man gets a remote control that can control his life and be able to skip many events in it, including many involving his family. He then learns that he should instead appreciate his life and his family to its fullest, and to not to be ungrateful with experiences that he thinks, out of selfishness, he doesn't always feel like living. (Written by Steve Koren & Mark O'Keefe, the same writers of ''[[Bruce Almighty]]''.)
|$137,340,146
|-
|''Coach Carter''
|2005
|PG-13
|Promotes the theme that graduating from high school and having proper moral values are more important than becoming famous athletes.
|$67,253,092
|-
|''Cobra''
|1986
|R
|[[Sylvester Stallone]] plays a tough police officer who is seemingly above the law, in order to control and stop crime. The liberals and the press are shown in a negative point for not supporting his enforcement.
|$357,067,947
|-
|''Coma''
|1978
|PG
|Villains are running an anti-life conspiracy at a hospital.
|$
|-
|''Contact''
|1997
|PG
|The overall message is about how science and faith do not have to be in opposition to one another.
|$ 100,853,835
|-
|''Courageous''
|2011
|PG-13
|Sherwood Pictures film focusing on the role of fathers and the need for them.
|$ 34,522,221
|-
|''Cronos''
|1993
|R
|In this Mexican film by Guillermo del Toro (''Pan's Labyrinth'', ''Hellboy''), an elderly antiques dealer has a chance at immortality—but at the cost of being a leech to others. Mostly in Spanish with large parts in English.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[The Dark Knight]]''
|2008
|PG-13
|Christian allegory with message of not giving in to terrorists.
|$ 533,316,061
|-
|''[[The Dark Knight Rises]]''
|2012
|PG-13
|Movie that depicts [[Occupy Wall Street]] esque protestors as terrorists and has a hero that does the right thing even when it is the harder thing to do.
|$441,053,078
|-
|''Dark Matter''
|2007
|R
|A candid look at [[professor values]] along with problems associated with lack of assimilation; [[liberal]]s first praised the movie, but after realizing its [[conservative]] message, panned it.
|$ 30,041
|-
|''Don't tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead''
|1991
|PG-13
|Five siblings are left alone for the summer, with no money after their elderly babysitter passes away. They realize the importance of hard work, as well the responsibliites of being an adult, and the negative effects of drugs.
|$25,196,249
|-
|''Dumbo''
|1941
|G
|Exploiting the classic liberal trap of over analyzing. Illustrates the effective management of a business that treats people and animals as equals. Also includes, jolly birds that encourage Dumbo to pull himself up by his bootstraps and learn to fly. Also main character is an elephant
|$29,647,974
|-
|''[[Escape from Hell]]''
|2000
|UR
|Drama about a doctor and near-death experience.
|NA - DVD
|-
|''Evelyn''
|2002
|PG
|True story of Irish father's legal struggle to recover his kids from an orphanage.
|$ 1,483,975
|-
|''[[The Exorcist]]''
|1973
|R
|(''not for children'') - A portrayal of pure evil against a positive characterization of [[Christianity]]. It broke the record for movie revenue and had several sequels and imitators, e.g. ''[[The Omen]]'' in 1976 and The Omen's sequels....
|$ 441,071,011

|-
|''The Expendables''
|2010
|R
|Action movie featuring such Conservative Stars as [[Sylvester Stallone]], [[Bruce Willis]], and former California Governor [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]
|$103,068,524
|-
|''The Expendables 2''
|2012
|R
|Sequel to 2010's ''The Expendables'' starring returning Conservative action stars Stallone, Willis and Schwarzenegger as well as [[Chuck Norris]].
|$11.5
|-
|[[Facing the Giants]]
|2006
|PG
|Trust in [[God]], let him take over, and good things will happen.
|$ 10,178,331
|-
|''Faith of My Fathers''
|2005
|PG-13
|The true story of [[John McCain]] when he served valiantly in the Vietnam War.
|
|-
|Ferris Bueller's Day Off
|1986
|PG-13
|Shows teenage fun without the use of drugs, alcohol or smoking, main character spends a lot of time with his girlfriend and possibly chooses abstinence. Hero also says, he is not socialist, and will never be socialist. Mocks public schools and liberal teaching
| $70,136,369
|-
|''Fiddler on the Roof''
|1971
|G
|A celebration of tradition, faith, and the importance of family, against a historical background of the persecution of Russian Jews.
|$ 50,000,000
|-
|''[[Fireproof (film)|Fireproof]]''
|2008
|PG
|Highly successful pro-Christian, pro-marriage film created by [[Sherwood Pictures]].
|$ 33,451,479
|-
|''Flash of Genius''
|2008
|PG-13
|The intellectual property of a hard-working, solitary inventor is promoted, and his children stuck by his side through enormous difficulties.
|$ 3,744,790
|-
|''Flight 93''
|2006
|PG-13
|Shows the bravery of the passengers on Flight 93, which was hijacked on September 11th, 2001, and crashed into a Pennsylvania field. The passengers fought back against the hijackers.
|NA - TV
|-
|''For Greater Glory''
|2012
|R
|The [[Catholic]] Cristeros Army fights back for religious freedom against a suppressive, [[leftist]] government. Based on the Cristeros War of the 1920's.
|$5,608,651
|-
|''[[Forbidden Planet]]''
|1956
|UR
|
|$ 3,000,000
|-
|''The Forgotten''
|2004
|PG-13
|A mystery film with a great [[Pro-life]] message.<ref>[http://www.decentfilms.com/reviews/forgotten.html ''The Forgotten''] at Decent Film Guide</ref>
|Unknown
|-
|''[[The Fountainhead]]''
|1949
|UR
|Gary Cooper and Patricia Neal starring in Ayn Rand's classic story of the right of the individual to produce on their own terms.
|Unknown
|-
|''Gattaca''
|1997
|PG-13
|A condemnation of human genetic engineering, and a wonderful triumph of individualism in an extremely totalitarian regime. Unfortunately the movie ends with a materialistic message: "They say every atom in our bodies was once a part of a star. So, maybe I'm not leaving, maybe I'm going home" (A phrase said when the protagonist finally managed to go to space).
|$ 12,339,633
|-
|''[[Ghostbusters]]''
|1984
|PG
|Fitting satire of an unfair (and likely liberal) professor, senseless academic research, paganism, and a villainous EPA regulator. Sample line by one of the stars (Dan Aykroyd) when asked to shift from the public to the [[private sector]]: “I don’t know about that. I’ve worked in the private sector. They expect results!” Followed by a sequel, "Ghostbusters 2" in 1989.
|$ 238,632,124
|-
|God's Not Dead
|2014
|PG
|Christian film about a brave young man who stands up to his Atheist bully of a professor and demonstrates the strength and wholesomeness of Christianity. Furthermore, it illustrates Atheists as people who acknowledge the existence of God, but deny him out of self hatred. Features Conservative celebrity cameos such as Willie and Korie Robertson (of [[Duck Dynasty]] fame) and the Christian Rock Band, the Newsboys. Liberals were shocked when it stood strong in the box office, being in the top 5 opening weekend
|$9,244,641
|-
|''[[Gone With the Wind]]''
|1939
|UR
|Celebrates a strongly ''feminine'' heroine who is the antithesis of a modern [[feminist]], and held the record for top-grossing movie for decades.
|$ 198,676,459
|-
|The Goonies
|1985
|PG-13
|The adventures of teenagers trying to find a long lost treasure, before the criminals do.
|$61,389,680
|-
|''The Greatest Story Ever Told''
|1965
|UR
| Title says it all: The story of Jesus (played excellently by Max Von Sydow).
|$8,000,000 (U.S.), $20,000,0000 (worldwide)
|-
|''The Green Berets''
|1968
|G
|Vivid defense of our troops' conduct in the Vietnam War.
|$ 11,000,000
|-
|''Groundhog Day''
|1993
|PG
|Pro-Family, Pro-God, promotes Christianity and contains many conservative values
|$70,906,973
|-
|''Harry's War''
|1981
|PG
|Anti-IRS comedy.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Hero]]''
|1992
|PG-13
|Even those with character flaws can do good.
|$ 19,487,173
|-
|''The Hiding Place''
|1975
|PG
|Biopic World War II story of Corrie and Betsy (Elizabeth) ten Boom (Jeannette Clift, Julie Harris), who hid Jews in their Haarlem, Netherlands home's secret wall and were betrayed and imprisoned in Ravensbruck Women's concentration camp in Germany, until Betsy's death and Corrie's accidental release through what would years later be found to be a clerical mistake, as all the other women in Corrie's group of prisoners were gassed to death in January, 1945. A true lesson of "no pit is so deep that God's love is not deeper still." Produced by Billy Graham Evangelical Association's, World Wide Pictures.
|unknown revenue
|-
|''Hitler's Children''
|1943
|UR/PG
|Sensational melodrama about the [[Hitler Youth]] of pre-WWII 1930s Nazi Germany, based on Gregor Ziemer's best selling ''Education for Death: The Making of A Nazi".
|$3,355,000
|-
|''Home Run''
|2013
|PG-13
|Christian Sports Drama about a baseball player, who tries to overcome a serious drinking problem.
|$2,861,020
|-
|''Honey, I Shrunk The Kids''
|1989
|PG
| Loveable genius inventor Wayne Szalinski (Rick Moranis) accidentally shrinks his children and some of his neighbors's while testing his laser shrinking ray, sending them off on an adventure in their own yard against what would be mundane situations and creatures to normal sized people. Spawned two sequels, the obviously opposite ''Honey, I Blew up The Kid'' (1992) and video-made ''Honey, We Shrunk Ourselves'' (1997)
| $130,724,2000
|-
|''The Hurt Locker''
|2008
|R
|A look into the life of an American bomb disposal regiment in Iraq risking their lives for their country and for the innocent by confronting evil. Rated R for violence and language.
|$ 12,647,089
|-
|''I Am David''
|2003
|PG
|Motivational movie to show the power of the individual, and the triumph of charity, faith, and hope as well as showing the dangerous of communism
|$292,376
|-
|''I Confess''
|1953
|UR
|In this classic by Alfred Hitchcock, a clergyman honors his sacred vow of confidentiality with respect to a confession despite intense pressure to disclose it.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[The Incredibles]]''
|2004
|PG
|The world's superheroes are forced to give up their heroics and go into hiding after Mr. Incredible saves a suicidal man as well as a derailed train from a bridge destroyed by one of his enemies (who ironically got away with it), causing the populace to turns on superheroes and lawyers to sue them.

The film celebrates the importance of the family unit; Elastigirl fails at parenting when her husband, Mr. Incredible, neglects to help her raise their children; a traditional family of superheroes is portrayed as the saviors of society, whose importance and presence has been unfairly suppressed. In addition, Mr. Incredible was also shown in the beginning to take marriage seriously, immediately heading over to the wedding when he realizes he may be running late, and doing various crime-stopping when he has time before it.

The movie also contains the conservative idea that recognition should be based on merit rather than on unsubstantiated expectations of equality. The villain, Syndrome, out of sheer jealousy, attempts to kill off real superheroes so that he use technology to pretend to be one, later planning to sell his gadgets so that everyone in the world can be super. "And when everyone is super," he explains, "no one will be." When Mr. Incredible is asked to attend his son's fifth-grade graduation, he criticizes society for "celebrating mediocrity" instead of those who are "genuinely exceptional."
|$631,442,092
|-
|''[[Indiana Jones]] series''
|1981, 1984, 1989, 2008
|PG PG-13
|
|Unknown
|-
|''Invasion of the Body Snatchers''
|1956
|UR
|A science fiction condemnation of [[Communism]], produced for only $420,000 and remade successfully in three additional movies.
|$ 2,500,000
|-
|''[[Iron Eagle]]''
|1986
|PG-13
| A young man's father, an Air Force pilot, is shot down over the Middle East and its up to the young man and an Air Force colonel to save him. Included three sequels in 1988, 1992 and 1995.
|$24,159,872 (U.S.)
|-
|''The Island''
|2005
|PG-13
|Pro-life statement against cloning to harvest organs.
|$ 35,799,026
|-
|''[[Jurassic Park]]''
|1993
|PG-13
|Criticizes the effects of research into genetic [[cloning]],Included two sequels in 1997 and 2001 and a planned fouth entry in 2013.
|$357,067,947
|-
|''King of Kings''
|1961
|PG-13, originally NR
|2 hour, 51 minute widescreen epic by the great director Nicholas Ray about Jesus and his promises of spiritual redemption, as contrasted with the story of the revolutionary leader Barabbas and his promises of worldly redemption.
|Unknown
|-
|''Knute Rockne: All-American''
|1940
|UR
|Stars [[Ronald Reagan]] as corageous football player George Gipp, who dies before an important game.
|Unknown
|-
|''Ladder 49''
|2004
|PG-13
|Shows the courageousness of firefighters.
|$ 74,541,707
|-
|''Last Ounce of Courage''
|2012
|PG
|Family drama about the struggles Christians suffer through politics and abolishment of religious freedom
|$1,585,994
|-
|''Lean on Me''
|1989
|PG-13
|A true story about combating drug use, violence, and contempt for authority while exalting positive values like academic achievement and family values. Biodrama about Paterson, New Jersey's real life [[Joe Clark]]. <ref>http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0097722/</ref>
|$ 31,906,454
|-
|''Liar Liar''
|1997
|PG-13
|Surprisingly takes on an anti-feminist theme by depicting the father as the good, righteous side in a courtroom divorce trial.
|$181,410,615
|-
|''The Lion King''
|1994
|G
|A main message of the movie is honoring thy father, and the power-hungry main antagonist, once he becomes ruler, favors big government, pushes [[liberal values]] and destroys their territory.
|$ 312,825,899
|-
|''The Little Mermaid''
|1989
|G
|A mermaid strives to become a traditional female human, following the patriarchal system of society. The centers around conservative Christian values and contains an anti-feminism theme. The villain is shown in a devilish way, and claims about men not wanting women who talk and care only for a woman's body language (a common claim by feminists against males) is made clear to be lies. In addition, it also contains a pro-traditional marriage theme, and is the last Disney animated feature film to actually treat traditional marriage as a good thing for a while. Despite being set under the sea, it also features an anti-[[Environmentalism]] message, as the characters (namely King Triton) who pushed anti-human sentiments turned out to be wrong in their negative views on humans.
|$111,543,479
|-
|''[[The Lives of Others]]''
|2006
|R
|(''Not for children'') - This German-language film is a stinging criticism of [[Communist]] [[East Germany]] from a liberal perspective.
|$ 11,286,112
|-
|''[[The Fellowship of the Ring (film, 2001)|The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
|2001
|PG-13
|Clear distinction between good and evil with positive themes of friendship, bravery, honor, sacrifice and overcoming temptation.
|$ 314,776,114
|-
|''[[The Two Towers (film, 2002)|The Lord of the Rings: the Two Towers]]''
|2002
|PG-13
|Strong portrayals of redemption and good over evil.
|$ 340,478,898
|-
|''[[The Return of the King (2003 film)|The Lord of the Rings: the Return of the King]]''
|2003
|PG-13
|Bravery, heroism, sacrifice and good ultimately triumphing over evil.
|$ 377,027,325
|-
|''Logan's Run''
|1967
|PG/R
|A man within a liberal society (evideniced by acceptance of homosexuality and work-free spoiled existance) that kills everyone on their 30th claiming it's rebirth (see [[Liberal Denial]]) escapes to find a world of hardwork and ageing.
|
|-
|''The Lost Weekend''
|1945
|UR
|Illustrates the dangers of alcohol abuse.
|Unknown
|-
|''Make Mine Freedom''
|1948
|
|A short cartoon, which shows how [[Capitalism]] works and how [[Communism]] steals [[Freedom]].
|Unknown
|-
|Man Of Steel
|2013
|PG-13
| [[Superman]] is portrayed as a Christ-like figure, shows bravery of the U.S. Military and shows the theme of protecting the ones you love.
|$291,045,518
|-
|''[[Master and Commander | Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World]]''
|2003
|PG-13
|Promotes many positive conservative values including faith in God, patriotism, duty, honor, respect for authority, discipline, bravery, sacrifice, and friendship.
|$ 93,926,386
|-
|''[[Matilda]]''
|1996
|PG
|Film adaptation of Roald Dahl's children's novel of a bright little girl who uses her magical genius to free herself from the foolish, selfish people in her life-her self-absorbed parents, bratty brother and horrid [[public school]] principal.
|$33,084,249
|-
|''Meet the Robinsons''
|2007
|G
|A child does not seem to fit in to society, his main hobby is inventing. He travels to the future to see meet his family, and he realizes persistence pays off in the end and he discovers that his inventions ultimately do change society, and his own life, for the better. The movie shows a message about the value of life, family, and considers the contributions and possibilities lost by every child that is aborted.
|$169,333,034
|-
|''The Mill and the Cross'' (Polish original)
|2011
|UR
|Persecution of Christians in Flanders region of Belgium during the 16th Century
|$ 310,900
|-
|''[[Miracle]]''
|2004
|PG
|Movie about the United States hockey team which won the gold medal in the 1980 Winter Olympics. Stresses the important of hard work, resiliency, selflessness and putting your best effort forward to reach an unseen goal.
|$ 64,445,708
|-
|''Moses''
|1974 Italy-U.K.
|PG
|Italian-British-American production which features [[Burt Lancaster]] playing [[Moses]] the lawgiver. Less flamboyant than Cecil B. Demille's movie The Ten Commandments and focuses more on the Biblical figure of Moses. Originally a 6-part U.S. TV mini-series in 1975, but edited to make it a U.S. movie in 1976.
|unknown money returns
|-
|''Mr. Skeffington''
|1944
|UR
|Bette Davis portrays a socialite whose life is ruined when she turns ugly with age. Anti-Nazi and anti-materialistic.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Mr. Smith Goes to Washington]]''
|1939
|UR
|A tale of a good, simple man rising above the pressures of [[liberals]] to do the right thing. Features perhaps the best defense of the American political system ever committed to film.
|Unknown
|-
|-
|''My Own Private Idaho''
|1991
|R
|Two good friends learn to pull themselves up by their bootstraps and make it in the business world.
|unknown
|-
|''My Son John''
|1952
|UR
|A small-town couple's world is turned upside-down by the discovery that their adult son is a Communist.
| amount made unknown
|-
|''The Name of the Rose''
|1986
|R
|A mystery centered around the balance between faith and science, as well as debate over the role of poverty in religion and religious orders.
|$ 5,595,706
|-
|''The Nativity Story''
|2006
|PG
|Title says it all about this Biblical epic.
|$37,629,831
|-
|''Ninotchka''
|1939
|UR
|
|Unknown
|-
|''Not Without My Daughter''
|1991
|PG-13
|Sally Fields is [[Betty Mahmoody]], the U.S. wife who, along with her daughter, was tricked in 1984 by her Iranian born husband into traveling with him on what he said would be only two weeks in his homeland to visit his relatives (he lied bigtime about the two weeks part!).
|$14,789,113 (U.S.)
|-
|''[[October Baby]]''
|2012
|PG-13
|A first-rate, compelling film that leaves no doubt about how wrong [[abortion]] is.
|$5,357,328
|-
|''[[October Sky]]''
|1999
|PG
|Four high school boys from a rural coal mining town, inspired by Sputnik, set out to build their own rockets and become rocket scientists.
|$ 32,481,825
|-
|''Of Gods and Men'' (French original)
|2010
|R
|Martyrdom of Trappist monks by Muslim terrorists in an impoverished Algerian community
|$ 3,954,651
|-
|''Oh, God!''
|1977
|PG
|Acceptance of God's calling is rewarded, the faithful are vindicated, and naysayers are proven wrong. Had two sequels in 1980 and 1984.
|$ 41,687,243
|-
|''[[On The Waterfront]]''
|1954
|UR
|[[Marlon Brando]] plays Terry Malloy, who under the inspiration of a Catholic priest (Father Barry, played by [[Karl Malden]]), becomes a Christ-like figure. Betrayed by his brother and almost killed by the gang, he finds the strength to overcome and redeem his people from the slavery to the mobsters who run the waterfront. In stunning contrast to the liberals who kept silent about the Communist subversion in Hollywood, the film portrays the informer as the hero; liberal Hollywood never forgave director [[Elia Kazan]] for his stunning film. In real life, Kazan, Malden and screenwriter Budd Schulberg all testified before Congress, along with [[Ronald Reagan]]. Together they broke the power of the Reds in Hollywood.
|$ 9,600,000
|-
|''One Day In The Life of Ivan Denisovich''
|1970 Britain/Norway
|PG
| [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]]'s best selling novel brought to film as Tom Courtneay is the titular prisoner in early 1950s Siberia as punishment for surrendering to the Nazis during World War II and his struggle for small comforts to ease the harsh injusticies of the Gulag. A smashing indictment of the Soviet system.
|amount unknown
|-
|''One Foot In Heaven''
|1941
|UR
|
|Unknown
|-
|''The Pacifier''
|2005
|PG
|Navy Seal Shane Wolfe (Vin Diesel) is assigned to be the guardian of five children, he learns from them the responsibilities of being in a family. As they learn from him the importance of protecting the country
|$113,086,868
|-
|''Parental Guidance''
|2012
|PG
|Two parents raise their kids in liberal way, and as a result are unhappy and rebellious, they leave them alone with their grandparents for a weekend who bring in conservative values, and helps the kids realize the importance of family.
|$119,772,232
|-
|''[[The Patriot]]''
|2000
|R
|A patriot fights for American freedom during the [[American Revolution]].
|$215,294,342[
|-
|''Pinocchio''
|1940
|G
|A kindhearted craftsman wishes for his own son, a blue fairy (resembling the Blessed Virgin Mary) grants his wish and turns one of his wooden puppets into a real boy. The boy learns about "[[moral values]]", and must escape the bad boys who have"[[hollywood values]]" and as a result are turned in donkeys (may represent democrats in pop culture).
|$84,254,167
|-
|''[[Pirates of the Caribbean]]: On Stranger Tides''
|2011
|PG-13
|Unlike the rest of the movies in the series which were pure entertainment, this movie has some good Christian messages and a Christian missionary is presented in a positive light. The climax of the movie presents a very important message too; ''Only God can grant eternal life, not this pagan waters. Men, destroy this profane temple!''
|$1.046 billion
|-
|''[[The Prince of Egypt]]''
|1998
|PG
|An animated telling of the life of [[Moses]].
|$ 101,217,900
|-
|''[[The Pursuit of Happyness]]''
|2006
|PG-13
|A film that shows hard work, dedication, loyalty and trust can result in success and “happiness” for any American, regardless of race, gender or creed. It is an instructional piece about the tradition of “stick-to-it-iveness” that has made America a land of hope and opportunity for so many. This film’s main themes -- the primacy of the family, the blessings of free and open markets, the necessity of staying true to one’s ideals -- are all conservative concepts. .
|$307,077,300
|-
|''Quo Vadis''
|1951
|UR
|The early Christian Church during the time of [[Nero]]'s regime.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]''
|1981
|PG
|
|$242,374,454
|-
|''[[Red Dawn]]''
|1984
|PG-13
|A film by conservative writer and director [[John Milius]] about American high school students resisting a Soviet invasion through guerrilla warfare. Remade in 2012
|$ 35,866,000
|-
|''Rise of the Guardians ''
|2012
|PG
|Four immortal guardians appear as Christ-like creatures, who jobs are to protect those children who belief in them. Two of the guardians are Santa Claus and the Eagle Bunny based on Christian allegories.
|$103,412,758
|-
|''[[Rocky]]''
|1976
|PG
|A talented but down-on-his-luck fighter gets a chance to challenge himself to the ends of his ability. This film-and its sequels and remakes- reinforces man's ability to overcome challenges. Included four sequels and one remake.
|$ 117,235,247
|-
|''[[The Room]]''
|2003
|R
|Anti-alcoholism and adultery. Shows the destructive nature of liberal values.
|$1800 in its initial theater run. Has done much better in recent theater screanings.
|-
|''Rosemary's Baby''
|1968
|R
|Higher powers intervene in this story of a young Catholic mother's devotion to her unborn infant
|Unknown
|-
|''Rudy''
|1993
|PG
|A young man overcomes many obstacles, including dyslexia, to play for the [[Notre Dame]] football team. Shows the value of hard work and never giving up.
|$ 22,750,363
|-
|''The Sandlot''
|1993
|PG
|Honestly depicts 1950s America when boys acted like boys and girls acted like girls, wimps were taught to toughen up, and every boy had a chance to be great. No historical revisionism.
|$ 32,416,586
|-
|''The Santa Clause (Series)''
|1994, 2002, 2006
|PG
|A divorced father of one must take on the responsibility of being Santa Claus after he is chosen, promotes the importance of traditional marriage, and the importance of family and Christmas
|$144,833,357, $144,833,357, $144,833,357
|-
|''Saving Christmas''
|2014
|PG
|Kirk Cameron fights using the truth in the War on Christmas. Liberals tried to censor it, but ultimately became a hit among those who believes in the truth.
|$2,800,000
|-
|''Sergeant York''
|1941
|UR
|A young American soldier during WWI overcomes an unfounded religious objection to killing and becomes a war hero.
|Unknown
|-
|''The Seventh Seal''
|1956
|NR
|Swedish film about the strength of religion.
|
|-
|''The Seventh Sign''
|1988
|R
|Starring Demi Moore, a fictional account of the return of Jesus to usher in the apocalypse and judge mankind. Catholic themed movie has Demi offering her life for the souls of others.
|$ 18,875,011
|-
|''Shane''
|1953
|UR
|Western about defending a homesteading family.
|$ 20,000,000
|-
|''Shattered Glass''
|2003
|PG-13
|Based on the true story of Stephen Glass (Hayden Christensen), a reporter in the late 90's for the liberal magazine The New Republic, lies and distorts news stories to make them entertaining. He begins by submitting an article about the Conservative Political Action Conference, in which he fabricated stories of drinking and sexual mischief. Then, after he writes a colorful but suspicious story on a superstar web hacker, a group from a small online news site begin to question his journalistic integrity.
|$2,220,008
|-
|''Snitch''
|2013
|PG-13
|A father becomes an informant on helping the police arrest drug dealers, so he can get his son out of prison. Pro-drug war, the villains of the movie are all drug dealers.
|$42,930,462
|-
|''Soul Surfer''
|2011
|PG
|The true story of champion surfer 13-year-old Bethany Hamilton who loses her arm to a shark. Her Christian faith helps her overcome her handicap to surf once again.
|$ 43,853,424
|-
|''[[The Sound of Music]]''
|1965
|UR
|Solid family entertainment about Austria's von Trapps before World War II.
|$ 158,671,368
|-
|''[[Spider-Man (film)]]''
|2002
|PG-13
|Praises moral virtue (hard-working teenager, devout aunt and well-meaning uncle) and pokes fun at [[liberals]] (entertainers and journalists). Hero chooses [[abstinence]]. This was one of the most profitable films ever made and had two sequels.
|$ 403,706,375
|-
|''Strategic Air Command''
|1955
|UR
|Actor (and Brigadier [[General]]) [[James Stewart]]'s story of the real [[Strategic Air Command]] and its transition from prop planes to jet planes.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[The Ten Commandments]]''
|1956
|UR
|The definitive film portrayal of [[Exodus]].
|$ 65,500,000
|-
|''The Tree of Life''
|2011
|PG-13
|An adaptation of the Book of Job set in 1950s Texas with a narrative structure based on the nature of human memory which many viewers will find confusing.
|Unknown
|-
|''True Lies''
|1994
|R
|Stars the future Republican governor of California, [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]. Teaches conservative values like marital loyalty, and political incorrect facts such as the fact that most terrorists are Middle Eastern radicals who don't value human life.
|$ 146,261,000
|-
|''The Tunnel'' (''Der Tunnel'')
|2001
|
|Based on a true story a group of East Berliners escaping harsh Communist rule and hatch a plan to help others escape that same oppressive regime.
|$ 10,890
|-
|''Twelve O'Clock High''
|1949
|UR
|A thrilling movie about the heroics of fighter pilots during [[World War II]]; used as an educational film for management training seminars.
|$ 3,225,000
|-
|''Uncle Buck''
|1989
|PG-13
|A slobbish bachelor babysits his rebellious teenage niece and her younger brother and sister, and they learn the true importance of family.
|$79,258,538
|-
|''[[Veggie Tales]]''
|1993-Present
|TV-Y
|The adventures of anthropomorphic vegetables, where the stories are all based upon moral themes based on Christianity.
|Made for TV
|-
|''We Were Soldiers''
|2002
|R
|Pro-war story film based on the soldiers and families fighting in World War II.
|$114,660,784
|-
|''The Wicker Man''
|2006
|PG-13
|Shows the dangers of feminism.
|
|-
|''Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory''
|1971
|G
|Showing the importance of having character. Charlie is able to accept the consequences of his actions. He acknowledges his wrongdoing while in the factory, and relinquishes a potential goldmine, from the sale of his everlasting gobstopper to a rival spy, back to Wonka.
The hidden message in this film is one of redemption. It is hidden because it is conveyed through the imagery of the films final scene. Charlie has made it to the end of his journey. Despite his moral struggles, he finds redemption through his desire to correct his mistake. He is given a reward that is beyond his wildest expectations- he is given the keys to the factory while the Wonkavator crashes through the ceiling up into the sky. The allusion to Heaven and salvation is unmistakable.
|$4 million
|-
|''The Winning Team''
|1952
|UR
|[[Ronald Reagan]] stars as a baseball pitcher who overcomes his problems to help his team win. This was one of Reagan's own favorites.
|Unknown
|-
|''Witness''
|1985
|R
|Highlights the virtues of strong moral values, with more substance than ''High Noon''.
|$ 65,500,000
|-
|''Won't Back Down''
|2012
|PG-13
|A brilliant movie that criticizes public schools.
|
|-
|''[[World Trade Center]]''
|2006
|PG-13
|Highlights the bravery of NYC's firemen and police in [[9/11]]
|$ 70,236,496
|-
|''Wreck It Ralph''
|2012
|PG
|Main lesson of the film is that Ralph a video game villain who is being the poor and medal-less guy encourages him to use his equal opportunities to do better and pursue his own successes. The basis of the American Dream, the goal of overcoming one's present, lowly circumstances to achieve a state of greatness; and shows how trying to achieving this goal by theft, is the wrong way to do it. In addition the main villain of the movie is competition-hating villain, who has a pushed liberal values and established what's like a fixed-economy where in a game only he wins.
|$189,422,889
|-
|}

==Documentaries==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Film
!Year
!Rating
!Comments
!Gross (Domestic)
|-
|''[[2016: Obama's America]]''
|2012
|PG
|Documentary by Conservative author [[Dinesh D'Souza]] explores the disturbing origins of [[Barack Hussein Obama]], including his inherited philosophy with his [[Barack Obama Sr.|drunken father]] and his inspiration from [[Communist]]s [[Frank Marshall Davis]] and [[William Ayers|Bill Ayers]].
|$33,349,941
|-
|''[[Expelled | Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed]]''
|2008
|PG
|[[Ben Stein]] exposes [[evolution|evolutionists]]' scientific and education system [[deceit]].
|$ 7,690,545
|-
|''[[The Great Global Warming Swindle]]''
|2007
|UR
|Exposing the greatest fraud in the history of science.
|NA - TV
|-
|''[[Hillary: The Movie]]''
|2008
|UR
|Citizens United film exposing Hillary Clinton. This movie was the impetus of the lawsuit which overturned the McCain-Feingold legislation by the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] in ''[[Citizens United v. FEC]]''.
|NA - TV
|-
|''[[How Should We Then Live]]''
|1976
|UR
|Christian film that traces Western history from Ancient Rome until 1976. A study of philosophic, scientific, and religious movements reflecting changing patterns.
|NA - TV
|-
|''[[I Want Your Money]]''
|2010
|PG
|Documentary film which supports the triumph of [[Reagan]]-economics over [[Obamanomics]].
|$433,588
|-
|''[[Indoctrinate U]]''
|2007
|UR
|Exposed political correctness, racial and ethnic politics in the academic setting. <ref>[http://video.yahoo.com/watch/3624795/9994231 Indoctrinate U -Part 1/3, Yahoo]</ref>
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Kids Aren't Cars]]''
|2011
|UR
|How the teachers' unions are destroying our public schools. <ref>[http://www.kidsarentcars.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/KACOneSheet.pdf KAC Summary]</ref>
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Maafa21]]''
|2009
|UR
|This film explores the inception of [[Planned Parenthood]] as an organization created to exterminate African-Americans. It exposes the words of its' racist founder [[Margaret Sanger]] and their impact on black genocide more than a century later. <ref>[http://www.maafa21.com www.maafa21.com]</ref>
|NA - DVD
|-
|''Occupy Unmasked''
|2012
|Not rated
|Documentary about [[Occupy Wall Street]]-movement.
|
|-
|''[[Waiting for Superman]]''
|2010
|PG
|Documentary on the U.S.' failed public school system.
|$ 6,410,257
|-
|''[[The Soviet Story]]''
|2008
|
|Documentary about the crimes of [[Communism]] and the [[Soviet Union]].
|-
|"MARGARET THATCHER - Death of a Revolutionary"
|2013
|
|Shows how Thatcher's economic liberalism helped Britain turn from the sick man of Europe and the only socialist country outside of the [[Iron Curtain]] to one of Europe's best economies. It tells us contrary to popular belief (which is mostly likely lies spread by socialists, liberals and fake conservatives), the working classes actually liked her more than the upper classes.
|}

== Debatable Whether Conservative ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Film
!Year
!Rating
!Comments
!Gross (Domestic)
|-
|''[[Zulu]]''
|1964
|UR
|Courageous, Duty, Patriotism. A defending of Western Civilisation.
|
|-
|''[[The Passion of the Christ]]''
|2004
|R
|Downplays the [[Resurrection]],<ref>The original version of the film had no references at all to the Resurrection.</ref> and strength of Christianity and omits powerful angels; instead exaggerates triumph of evil; film had little lasting effect on public or its producer; portrayed nails as through the hands rather than through the wrists as depicted by the [[Shroud of Turin]] and confirmed by modern science.
|$ 370,782,930
|-
|''Team America: World Police''
|2004
|R
|While is clearly pro-military, pro-America, and anti-Hollywood, the movie is riddled with liberal values, including toilet humor and vulgar language throughout. Also, in the movie's foul mouthed theme song, it says yay to abortion, slavery, pornography, and Democrats, while having no positive reaction to Republicans
|
|-
|''Shame''
|2011
|NC-17
|While the movie shows [[Hollywood Values]], such as sex addiction, in a negative light and is clearly anti-homosexual agenda, as the main character reaches his lowest point by partaking in such acts, the film is graphic in its nature leaving one to question how conservative it really is.
|
|-
|''[[It's a Wonderful Life]]''
|1946
|UR
|Falsely teaches that humanism is what makes life worthwhile; marginalizes [[faith]] with a cartoonish depiction and demonizes capitalism as sadistic and greedy.
|$ 3,300,000
|-
|''[[High Noon]]''
|1952
|UR
|A favorite of both Presidents [[Dwight Eisenhower]] and [[Bill Clinton]]; [[John Wayne]] said it was "the most un-American thing I've ever seen in my whole life";<ref>http://www.brightlightsfilm.com/47/highnoon.php</ref> though susceptible of various interpretations, most of all it seems to scare people into wanting more government.
|$ 3,750,000
|-
|''[[P.C.U.]]''
|1994
|PG-13
|College students fight back against a campus where the administration promotes official [[diversity]] awareness weekends and radical [[feminism]], [[vegan]]ism, and [[political correctness]] run amok, but a conservative group on campus is also portrayed just as negatively as the P.C. groups.
|$ 4,350,774
|-
|''Pillow Talk''
|1959
|UR
|A classic starring Rock Hudson and Doris Day in which conservative values triumph over liberal ones. There are no distortions by feminist ideology. Indeed, in one scene a leading man slaps the leading lady, but then is beaten up by dimwitted bystanders for it!
|$ 18,750,000
|-
|''[[The Way We Were]]''
|1973
|PG
|Unique in the way that it appears liberal to liberals while unintentionally sending a [[conservative]] message to young women.
|$ 49,919,870
|-
|''[[Grease]]''
|1978
|PG
|Some [[conservative]] messages and no [[feminism]] or other [[political correctness]]; mocks [[public school]] and even [[television]] during the 1950s. Followed in 1982 by a much panned sequel (''[[Grease 2]]'').
|$ 153,113,000
|-
|''[[Fargo]]''
|1996
|R
|Pregnant sheriff with traditional American family values solves an elaborate criminal embezzlement, kidnapping and murder scheme.
|$ 24,611,975
|-
|''[[Juno (film)|Juno]]''
|2007
|PG-13
|A pregnant teenage woman rejects [[abortion]] and decides for an adoptive birth instead. This movie pushes [[feminism]] and marginalizes the essential role of fatherhood.
|$ 143,492,840
|-
|''Camelot''
|1967
|G
|The famous jousting scene is a powerful display of Christian values and chivalry, but the movie seems lost afterward.
|$ 31,102,578
|-
|''The Iron Lady''
|2011
|PG-13
|The British biopic of [[Conservative Party]] leader and 1979-90 [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]], Margaret Thatcher, showing the effects of conservative economic policy on Britain, helping to lift the country out of its recession.
|$ 80,554,188 (international including UK), $27,081,674 (US - domestic)
|-
|21 Jump Street
|2011
|R
|Two police officers try to take down a drug ring in high school where the villains are environmentalists and drug dealers. But contains many sexual references, full profanity, and many religious insults
|$201,585,328
|-
|I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry
|2007
|PG-13
|Portrayals an inside joke of gay marriage by having [[Adam Sandler]] and Kevin James pretend to be a gay couple in order to receive benefits. The villains of the movies are government ranking officials out to prove with they are really gay. However contains some scenes of girls in lingerie and Adam Sandler checking out some girls. The film took place prior to the 2011 enactment of the Marriage Equality Act, which legalized marriage for same-sex couples in the state. At the time of which the film was released the state allowed for residents to file for unregistered cohabitation rights, and various municipal and county governments had offered domestic partnership registries.
|$120,059,556
|-
|''Soul Man''
|1986
|PG-13
|A white student cheats the affirmative action system, by pretending to be black in order to get the scholarship he needs for to pay for Harvard. Towards the end is revealed he took the scholarship away from someone who needed it (and is really black), because she has a son and is divorced at such a young age. Exploits the racism that people have against white people. But on the positive note the film teaches the importance of hard work.
|$27,820,000
|-
|''[[The Simpsons]] Movie''
|2007
|PG-13
|Portrays the liberal [[Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] as a villainous and devious agency, and portrays the Government in general as intrusive and corrupt. On the other hand, it also promotes [[environmentalism]] in the beginning.
|$183,135,014
|-
|''Back to the Future''
|1985
|PG
|Contains some conservative messages such as the triumph of chivalry as well as the negative effects of deviancy and drug/alcohol addiction, although the film also promotes negative values including premarital sexual activity and disregard for chasity. Included two sequels in 1989 and 1990.
|$210,609,762
|-
|''The Campaign''
|2012
|R
|Political comedy depicts the Democratic candidate (Will Ferrell) as an obnoxious, drunken womanizer and satire of [[John Edwards]], although the Republican candidate (Zach Galifinakis) is portrayed just as negatively as a corrupt capitalist.
|$33,165,738
|-
|''Knocked Up''
|2007
|R
|Unemployed, immature and childish 23-year old Ben Stone (Seth Rogen) has a one night stand with serious career woman Alison Scott (Katherine Heigl), with the unintended consequence of pregnancy. Alison's mother (Joanna Kerns) says she should get the pregnancy "taken care of", while Ben's best friend Jonah (Jonah Hill) suggests that "I won't say the A-word, but it rhymes with abortion." Alison decides to keep the child, while Ben decides to find a real job, grow up, and become a father.
|$148,768,917
|-
|''[[Beauty and the Beast]]''
|1991
|G
|A young woman overcomes a shallow society and finds true love. Although by comparison a powerful and immensely popular antidote to [[feminism]] to the [[liberal]] movies churned out by [[Disney]] since, as well as overall promoting redemption (as seen with the Beast's transformation), and also promoting some family values (such as Belle being loyal to her father), there were a few hints at feminist propaganda at the beginning of the film, such as Belle being different from the villagers because she can read, which is implied to not be supported by the villagers at all (feminist propaganda often claims that women couldn't get an education until the 1960s), as well as Belle being unwilling to hold the role of housewife for Gaston or raising children. Then-Disney Chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg also mentioned that he wanted "a feminist twist" on the original fairy tale by creating a heroine who is "a departure from typical Disney female characters",<ref>http://articles.mcall.com/1991-11-22/features/2825583_1_beast-s-castle-fairy-tale-madame-gabrielle</ref> and Linda Woolverton made clear that she made Belle a feminist and based her on the women's liberation movement in order to avoid creating another insipid princess.<ref name="Beauty and Maleficent">{{Cite web|url = http://time.com/2798136/maleficent-beauty-beast-writer/|title = The Same Woman Wrote Maleficent and Beauty and the Beast—Here’s How They’re Linked|date = May 30, 2014|accessdate = January 16, 2014|website = Time|publisher = |last = Rothman|first = Lily}}</ref> Gaston is a conservative and hardworking hunter who is considered by the villagers to be their town hero, but is shown to be the main villain of the movie (it should also be noted that in the original screenplay for the film, Gaston was intended to be a Marquess [French nobleman], meaning the decision to make him a conservative and hardworking hunter was made after a rewrite). In addition, the villagers (strongly implied to be practicing and devout Christians) were later briefly seen supporting a plan that went against God's teachings. In addition, Belle's love for Beast (where it is implied that she was largely unaware of the Beast being formerly a human prince) could be seen as promoting bestiality. Also, it is the first Disney movie to neither show nor hint at the two love interests getting married, and in fact, the only "wedding" in the film was the one Belle ruined, creating negative implications about marriage as a result, as well as starting a string of movies that don't paint marriage in a positive light. There were also several overtones of a pro-homosexual agenda within the film, including the mob song late into the film, largely because of the executive producer, Howard Ashman, being gay and dying from AIDs at the time the film was made. One of the protagonistic characters, Lumiere, is briefly seen making out with a featherduster and was implied that the two weren't married, with some hints at Lumiere being a unrepentant womanizer. In addition, some elements of the film were later reused in the [[Essay:Worst Liberal Movies#Social|definitely liberal]] ''Maleficent'' movie.<ref name="Beauty and Maleficent" />
|$ 25,487,028
|-
|''[[Titanic]]''
|1997
|PG-13
|Every life had value and the most powerful men gave up their seats on lifeboats to women and children first; the media and a young [[RINO]] are rightly criticized; broke the record in movie revenues. However, it also gave some hints at a pro-socialist view, and a key scene involving Rose being drawn in the nude is invocative of pornography.
|$ 600,779,824
|-
|''[[The Hunger Games]]''
|2012
|PG-13
|Futuristic totalitarians plan titular annual televisied "games" as punishement on the descendants of failed revolutionaries from a past uprising. Although technically a message against totalitarianism and for individualism, Leftist actor Donald Sutherland, who played President Snow, implied that the struggles of the films' protagonists were supposed to be derived from the Occupy Wall Street movement, and the book's author also indicated that the events of the book were based on the George W. Bush administration.
|$406,267,858
|-
|Super
|2010
|R
|Main character becomes a super hero after a vision from God. He also frequently turns to prayer and a Christian television show for guidance. Even though his wife leaves him for a drug dealer, he remains loyal to her for the whole movie. Although contains foul language, violence, and brief nudity scenes.
|Unknown
|-
|''The LEGO Movie''
|2014
|PG
|Anti-Large Government, with a message that anyone has the potential to be extraordinary. However is also anti-capitalist, and the main villain is Lord Business
|
|-
|''We're the Milers''
|2013
|R
|A drug dealer, stripper, runaway, and average loser pretend to be a make family to sneak marijuana out of Mexico. However they learn the value and importance of family. The villains of the movie are all drug gang men, the film also features a stripper scene, and weather or not the film is anti-drug in the end is debatable
|$150,394,119
|-
|Kingsman: The Secret Service
|2015
|R
|Anti-enviromentalist, the villian attempts to eradicate the human race because of his belief in man made global warming. Though film is full of language and violence as well as a brief nudity scene.
|
|-
|''[[Star Wars]]''
|1977-1983 (Original Trilogy); 1999-2005 (Prequel Trilogy); 2015- (Sequel Trilogy)
|PG, PG-13 (Episode III Only)
|Mostly composed of simple truths about the triumph of good over evil, and in the case of Episode VI: Return of the Jedi, redemption. However, Episode VI also contained some implied pro-[[Vietcong]] propaganda at George Lucas' behest via the Ewoks, and the rerelease for ''Episode IV: A New Hope'' also had an infamous edit where it made it seem as though Greedo shot at Han first, with George Lucas later revealing he did the edit (or rather, falsely claimed it was always that way) as a means to promote gun control. The prequel trilogy also had some implied pot-shots at then-president George W. Bush and his War on Terror, and there was also an implied promotion of moral relativity in Revenge of the Sith (where Obi-Wan, when confronting Anakin Skywalker/Darth Vader in the climax, stated in reply to Anakin's declaration that Obi-Wan is his enemy if he's not with him that "only a Sith deals in absolutes.").
|$460,998,007
|-
|''U-571''
|2000
|PG-13
|Had a plot which was based on the first capture of a [[German]] [[Enigma machine]] in [[World War Two]]. Despite the film being patriotic to America, the facts are wrong as the Enigma machine was captured by the [[British]] in 1941 prior to the Americans entering the war.
|$77,122,415
|-
|"Wall E"
|2008
|
|The movie warned against big government (BNL), however it is also anti-capitalist and pro environmentalism as BNL is a cooperation.
|
|-

== Debatable Whether Great ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Film
!Year
!Rating
!Comments
!Gross (Domestic)
|-

|Unknown
|-
|''Bugs Bunny's Space Jam''
|1996
|PG
|Michael Jordan uses the help of beloved children's characters from the 1950s (a simpler time in America's history) to beat back foreign invaders who wish to take away our freedoms.
|$ 90,443,603
|-
|''[[One Good Cop]]''
|1991
|R
|Titular [[New York City]] police detective (Michael Keaton) and his wife (Rene Russo) inherit a family-three small girls-when the detective's partner (Anthony Lapaglia) dies on duty. Has positive portrayals of law enforcers and clergy (one priest turns in money that was stolen from a drug dealer by the cop and left as a donation to his church and the girls talk about "going to Jesus"). Typical violent skirmishes mixed with tender sentimental ones, but also admissions of past adultery by the ill-fated partner, smoking, drinking, much profanity and, of course, illegal drugs.
|$ 11,276,846
|-
|''Jack and Jill''
|2011
|PG
|Adam Sandler stars as both Jack and Jill in this family comedy that is pro-capitalism and pro-family values
|$ 149,673,788
|-
|''[[An American Carol]]''
|2008
|PG-13
|[[David Zucker]]'s [[conservative]] comedy starring Kevin Farley, Kelsey Grammer, Jon Voight, Dennis Hopper, Trace Adkins and Leslie Nielsen.
|$7,013,191
|-
|}

== References ==
<references/>

== See also ==
*[[Essay:Worst Liberal Movies]]
*[[Essay:20 Greatest Conservative Movies of the Last 20 Years]]
*[[Essay:Greatest Conservative Songs]]
*[[Essay:Greatest Conservative TV Shows]]

{{Conservatism}}

[[Category:Essays about Conservatism]]
[[Category:Hollywood]]
[[Category:Greatest Conservative Movies]]
[[Category:Movies]]

Vladimir Putin

2015-09-27T17:38:05Z

Bauhaus:

[[Image:Vladtheimpaler.jpg|right|thumb|Vladimir Putin]]
'''Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin''' ([[Russian language|Russian]]: Владимир Владимирович Путин) (born October 7, 1952) was reelected president of the [[Russian Federation]] in 2012, after serving as prime minister since May 8, 2008, and previously serving as [[president]] since December 31, 1999, the day [[Boris Yeltsin]] resigned from the presidency.<ref>Putin was later elected president by 54% of the electorate on March 26, 2000.</ref> Putin governs a nation that is rapidly becoming more [[Christian]] and more [[conservative]] but also more authoritarian, and his snubbing of [[liberal]] [[Obama]] in May 2012 suggests that Putin is well aware of how conservative his country is becoming.

In terms of achievements, Putin stabilized the Russian economy and restored Russia's national pride, largely by politically exploiting the financial windfall of Europe's need for Russian oil and gas. Russians were enthusiastic that he ended the social chaos that followed the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the subsequent pell-mell privatization of the state-owned economy. Many Russians have been mesmerized by the new glitter of Moscow and the restored glamor of St. Petersburg.

[[Robert Kraft]], the owner of the liberal [[New England Patriots]], accused Putin of stealing Kraft's [[Super Bowl]] ring. Putin claims Kraft gave it to him as a gift.

==Background==
Putin was born in [[Leningrad]] on [[October]] 7, 1952 and was baptized as an Orthodox Christian and continue to be a member to this day. Putin was a judo champion in his youth.<ref>http://nypost.com/2013/11/13/vladimir-putin-is-tougher-than-chuck-norris/</ref> He was educated in law and economics at Leningrad State University before being assigned to work in the [[GRU]].<ref>[http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htmurph/articles/20090821.aspx Killing The KGB Myth],
August 21, 2009.</ref> After five years in [[East Germany]], he took up various political positions before becoming [[prime minister]] in 1999.

He is married to Lyudmila Putina since July 28, 1983 (former airline stewardess). They have two daughters.

===Political career===
Putin is mainly backed by the [[United Russia]] (''Единая Россия'') party, which currently holds a majority in the lower chamber of the Russian parliament, known as the ''Duma''. The party usually reflects the political views of Putin, which are that of moderate conservatism and nationalism. On March 14, 2004, he was elected to a second term as president with 71% of the vote. Barred from a third consecutive term by the Russian constitution, Putin ceded the presidency to [[Dmitry Medvedev]] on May 7, 2008 and became Prime Minister, at the time sharing power with the more moderate Medvedev. Medvedev did not run for a second term, and, as a result, Putin was re-elected in 2012.

====Escalating tensions====
Putin is seen as an antagonist by [[liberal]]s in the West, who are angry about their inability to push the [[homosexual agenda]] and pro-[[abortion]] policies on Russia. It is possible that his hostility to NATO and the U.S., his demand for a voice in the affairs of ex-Soviet nations, his rigged election system, nationalized oil, protection of Iran, and threats to Georgia have heightened tensions. According to Liberal media the decline of [[human rights]] in Russia has been dramatic; for example, Russian riot police beat a number of protesters and journalists at an anti-Putin rally at Pushkin Square in Moscow, <ref>''The Economist'', April 21, 2007</ref> and Putin rigged national elections for his party <ref>http://www.reuters.com/article/homepageCrisis/idUSL03585550._CH_.2400</ref>

Putin has even exercised power over the Russian supreme court. Justice Vladimir Yaroslavtsev was forced to resign after warning that Russian security agencies now control the country as they did in Soviet times and expressing alarm over their lack of accountability. Justice Anatoly Kononov was likewise forced out after defending Yaroslavtsev.<ref>[http://www.robertamsterdam.com/2009/12/are_you_an_independent_russian_judge_youre_fired.htm ''Are You An Independent Russian Judge? You're Fired'', RobertAmsterdam.com]</ref>

Putin is popular in Russia<ref>http://www.levada.ru/prezident.html Putin's Approval Ratings</ref>. Since coming to power, Putin has expanded Russia's economy and reduced inflation. The majority of Russians are relatively uninterested in politics outside of issues affecting their personal prosperity, <ref>''The Economist'', April 21, 2007</ref> and journalist [[Anna Politkovskaya]] argued that the Russian people, as a whole, have been willing to tolerate violence in the name of "comfort and peace and quiet".<ref>Politkovskaya, Anna. Putin's Russia. London: Harvill Press, 2004</ref>

====Relations with U.S.====
President Obama's decision in August 2009 to cancel an antimissile defense system in [[Central Europe]] (the [[Czech Republic]], [[Poland]] and [[Lithuania]]) earned a strong welcome from Putin. Now, the question is whether Russia will do more to help prevent Iran from developing nuclear weapons. Putin, who had repeatedly assailed the antimissile system as a grave danger to Russia's security, called Obama's decision ''correct and brave.'' President Dmitri A. Medvedev hinted that Russia would respond favorably to the decision to replace former President George W. Bush's plan with a missile shield seen as less threatening to Moscow.

In September 2013, Putin gave a speech stating the need to strengthen Russian culture with traditional values and the Orthodox Christian church. Also, he condemned Western nations and their godless pursuit of political correctness and [[homosexuality]]. <ref>[http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/cdedfd64-214f-11e3-a92a-00144feab7de.html#axzz2jdyir54U Putin urges Russians to return to values of religion, FT.com, September 19, 2013]</ref>

In early September 2013, Putin expressly observed that liberal [[John Kerry]] is a liar.

====Relations with E.U.====
In 2014 Putin founded the [[Eurasian Economic Union]] to oppose the [[European Union]].

After [[Crimea]] joined Russia, the [[European Union]] imposed sanctions against Putin.<ref>http://rt.com/business/168192-eu-sanctions-crimea-deadlock/</ref>

===Authoritarianism===
According to liberals, neoliberals, libertarians and true conservatives, they viewed Putin's regieme as authoritarian and trying to antagonise Europe with his invasion of Ukraine. He assassinated, arrested or deported reporters, journalists and political opponents, including Boris Nemtsov (which [[Margaret Thatcher]] reportedly supported), a Russian politician and one of the parties part of the opposition.

Putin had also made Russia into a Gay-free society, something that may sound good, however unlike us conservatives where we hate gay marriage but allowed people to be gay, Putin banned people from being gay (but discouraging them to be) and used police and sometimes alleged government sponsored gangs or groups to beat up gays.

Putin's party, [[United Russia]] has rigged the elections thus making the elections bias to the victor (which the victor is obvious!).

Putin also putted guerrilla peaceful protesters into detention centres for simply just protesting to end the war in Ukraine.

==See also==
* [[Dmitri Medvedev]]
* [[Russian Federation]]
* [[Crisis in Ukraine]]

[[File:V Putin.jpg]]

==Further reading==
* Baker, Peter, and Susan Glasser. ''Kremlin Rising: Vladimir Putin's Russia and the End of Revolution'' (2nd ed. 2007); [http://www.amazon.com/Kremlin-Rising-Vladimir-Revolution-Updated/dp/1597971227/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256923460&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Goldman, Marshall I. ''Petrostate: Putin, Power, and the New Russia'' (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Petrostate-Putin-Power-New-Russia/dp/0195340736/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256915128&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]
* Lucas, Edward. ''The New Cold War: Putin's Russia and the Threat to the West'' (2009) [http://www.amazon.com/New-Cold-War-Putins-Russia/dp/0230614345/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256915128&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Stuermer, Michael. ''Putin and the Rise of Russia'' (2009)
* Wegren, Stephen K., and Dale R. Herspring, eds. ''After Putin's Russia: Past Imperfect, Future Uncertain'' (4th ed. 2009) [http://www.amazon.com/After-Putins-Russia-Imperfect-Uncertain/dp/0742557855/ref=tmm_pap_title_0 excerpt and text search]

==References==
<references/>

==External Links==
* [http://putin.kremlin.ru/ Official Putin Website]
* [http://kremlin.ru/ Official President of Russia Website]

{{DEFAULTSORT: Putin, Vladimir}}

[[Category : Current Heads of State]]
[[Category : Russian People]]
[[Category : Russian Political People]]
[[Category : Orthodox Christians]]
[[Category : Conservatives]]

Vladimir Putin

2015-09-27T17:34:41Z

Bauhaus:

[[Image:Vladtheimpaler.jpg|right|thumb|Vladimir Putin]]
'''Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin''' ([[Russian language|Russian]]: Владимир Владимирович Путин) (born October 7, 1952) was reelected president of the [[Russian Federation]] in 2012, after serving as prime minister since May 8, 2008, and previously serving as [[president]] since December 31, 1999, the day [[Boris Yeltsin]] resigned from the presidency.<ref>Putin was later elected president by 54% of the electorate on March 26, 2000.</ref> Putin governs a nation that is rapidly becoming more [[Christian]] and more [[conservative]] but also more authoritarian, and his snubbing of [[liberal]] [[Obama]] in May 2012 suggests that Putin is well aware of how conservative his country is becoming.

In terms of achievements, Putin stabilized the Russian economy and restored Russia's national pride, largely by politically exploiting the financial windfall of Europe's need for Russian oil and gas. Russians were enthusiastic that he ended the social chaos that followed the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the subsequent pell-mell privatization of the state-owned economy. Many Russians have been mesmerized by the new glitter of Moscow and the restored glamor of St. Petersburg.

[[Robert Kraft]], the owner of the liberal [[New England Patriots]], accused Putin of stealing Kraft's [[Super Bowl]] ring. Putin claims Kraft gave it to him as a gift.

==Background==
Putin was born in [[Leningrad]] on [[October]] 7, 1952 and was baptized as an Orthodox Christian and continue to be a member to this day. Putin was a judo champion in his youth.<ref>http://nypost.com/2013/11/13/vladimir-putin-is-tougher-than-chuck-norris/</ref> He was educated in law and economics at Leningrad State University before being assigned to work in the [[GRU]].<ref>[http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htmurph/articles/20090821.aspx Killing The KGB Myth],
August 21, 2009.</ref> After five years in [[East Germany]], he took up various political positions before becoming [[prime minister]] in 1999.

He is married to Lyudmila Putina since July 28, 1983 (former airline stewardess). They have two daughters.

===Political career===
Putin is mainly backed by the [[United Russia]] (''Единая Россия'') party, which currently holds a majority in the lower chamber of the Russian parliament, known as the ''Duma''. The party usually reflects the political views of Putin, which are that of moderate conservatism and nationalism. On March 14, 2004, he was elected to a second term as president with 71% of the vote. Barred from a third consecutive term by the Russian constitution, Putin ceded the presidency to [[Dmitry Medvedev]] on May 7, 2008 and became Prime Minister, at the time sharing power with the more moderate Medvedev. Medvedev did not run for a second term, and, as a result, Putin was re-elected in 2012.

====Escalating tensions====
Putin is seen as an antagonist by [[liberal]]s in the West, who are angry about their inability to push the [[homosexual agenda]] and pro-[[abortion]] policies on Russia. It is possible that his hostility to NATO and the U.S., his demand for a voice in the affairs of ex-Soviet nations, his rigged election system, nationalized oil, protection of Iran, and threats to Georgia have heightened tensions. According to Liberal media the decline of [[human rights]] in Russia has been dramatic; for example, Russian riot police beat a number of protesters and journalists at an anti-Putin rally at Pushkin Square in Moscow, <ref>''The Economist'', April 21, 2007</ref> and Putin rigged national elections for his party <ref>http://www.reuters.com/article/homepageCrisis/idUSL03585550._CH_.2400</ref>

Putin has even exercised power over the Russian supreme court. Justice Vladimir Yaroslavtsev was forced to resign after warning that Russian security agencies now control the country as they did in Soviet times and expressing alarm over their lack of accountability. Justice Anatoly Kononov was likewise forced out after defending Yaroslavtsev.<ref>[http://www.robertamsterdam.com/2009/12/are_you_an_independent_russian_judge_youre_fired.htm ''Are You An Independent Russian Judge? You're Fired'', RobertAmsterdam.com]</ref>

Putin is popular in Russia<ref>http://www.levada.ru/prezident.html Putin's Approval Ratings</ref>. Since coming to power, Putin has expanded Russia's economy and reduced inflation. The majority of Russians are relatively uninterested in politics outside of issues affecting their personal prosperity, <ref>''The Economist'', April 21, 2007</ref> and journalist [[Anna Politkovskaya]] argued that the Russian people, as a whole, have been willing to tolerate violence in the name of "comfort and peace and quiet".<ref>Politkovskaya, Anna. Putin's Russia. London: Harvill Press, 2004</ref>

====Relations with U.S.====
President Obama's decision in August 2009 to cancel an antimissile defense system in [[Central Europe]] (the [[Czech Republic]], [[Poland]] and [[Lithuania]]) earned a strong welcome from Putin. Now, the question is whether Russia will do more to help prevent Iran from developing nuclear weapons. Putin, who had repeatedly assailed the antimissile system as a grave danger to Russia's security, called Obama's decision ''correct and brave.'' President Dmitri A. Medvedev hinted that Russia would respond favorably to the decision to replace former President George W. Bush's plan with a missile shield seen as less threatening to Moscow.

In September 2013, Putin gave a speech stating the need to strengthen Russian culture with traditional values and the Orthodox Christian church. Also, he condemned Western nations and their godless pursuit of political correctness and [[homosexuality]]. <ref>[http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/cdedfd64-214f-11e3-a92a-00144feab7de.html#axzz2jdyir54U Putin urges Russians to return to values of religion, FT.com, September 19, 2013]</ref>

In early September 2013, Putin expressly observed that liberal [[John Kerry]] is a liar.

====Relations with E.U.====
In 2014 Putin founded the [[Eurasian Economic Union]] to oppose the [[European Union]].

After [[Crimea]] joined Russia, the [[European Union]] imposed sanctions against Putin.<ref>http://rt.com/business/168192-eu-sanctions-crimea-deadlock/</ref>

===Authoritarianism===
According to liberals, neoliberals, libertarians and true conservatives, they viewed Putin's regieme as authoritarian and trying to antagonise Europe with his invasion of Ukraine. He assassinated, arrested or deported reporters, journalists and political opponents, including Boris Nemtsov (which [[Margaret Thatcher]] reportedly supported), a Russian politician and one of the parties part of the opposition.

Putin had also made Russia into a Gay-free society, something that may sound good, however unlike us conservatives where we hate gay marriage but allowed people to be gay, Putin banned people from being gay and used police and sometimes alleged government sponsored gangs or groups to beat up gays.

Putin's party, [[United Russia]] has rigged the elections thus making the elections bias to the victor (which the victor is obvious!).

Putin also putted guerrilla peaceful protesters into detention centres for simply just protesting to end the war in Ukraine.

==See also==
* [[Dmitri Medvedev]]
* [[Russian Federation]]
* [[Crisis in Ukraine]]

[[File:V Putin.jpg]]

==Further reading==
* Baker, Peter, and Susan Glasser. ''Kremlin Rising: Vladimir Putin's Russia and the End of Revolution'' (2nd ed. 2007); [http://www.amazon.com/Kremlin-Rising-Vladimir-Revolution-Updated/dp/1597971227/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256923460&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Goldman, Marshall I. ''Petrostate: Putin, Power, and the New Russia'' (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Petrostate-Putin-Power-New-Russia/dp/0195340736/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256915128&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]
* Lucas, Edward. ''The New Cold War: Putin's Russia and the Threat to the West'' (2009) [http://www.amazon.com/New-Cold-War-Putins-Russia/dp/0230614345/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256915128&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Stuermer, Michael. ''Putin and the Rise of Russia'' (2009)
* Wegren, Stephen K., and Dale R. Herspring, eds. ''After Putin's Russia: Past Imperfect, Future Uncertain'' (4th ed. 2009) [http://www.amazon.com/After-Putins-Russia-Imperfect-Uncertain/dp/0742557855/ref=tmm_pap_title_0 excerpt and text search]

==References==
<references/>

==External Links==
* [http://putin.kremlin.ru/ Official Putin Website]
* [http://kremlin.ru/ Official President of Russia Website]

{{DEFAULTSORT: Putin, Vladimir}}

[[Category : Current Heads of State]]
[[Category : Russian People]]
[[Category : Russian Political People]]
[[Category : Orthodox Christians]]
[[Category : Conservatives]]

Vladimir Putin

2015-09-27T17:33:37Z

Bauhaus:

[[Image:Vladtheimpaler.jpg|right|thumb|Vladimir Putin]]
'''Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin''' ([[Russian language|Russian]]: Владимир Владимирович Путин) (born October 7, 1952) was reelected president of the [[Russian Federation]] in 2012, after serving as prime minister since May 8, 2008, and previously serving as [[president]] since December 31, 1999, the day [[Boris Yeltsin]] resigned from the presidency.<ref>Putin was later elected president by 54% of the electorate on March 26, 2000.</ref> Putin governs a nation that is rapidly becoming more [[Christian]] and more [[conservative]] but also more authoritarian, and his snubbing of [[liberal]] [[Obama]] in May 2012 suggests that Putin is well aware of how conservative his country is becoming.

In terms of achievements, Putin stabilized the Russian economy and restored Russia's national pride, largely by politically exploiting the financial windfall of Europe's need for Russian oil and gas. Russians were enthusiastic that he ended the social chaos that followed the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the subsequent pell-mell privatization of the state-owned economy. Many Russians have been mesmerized by the new glitter of Moscow and the restored glamor of St. Petersburg.

[[Robert Kraft]], the owner of the liberal [[New England Patriots]], accused Putin of stealing Kraft's [[Super Bowl]] ring. Putin claims Kraft gave it to him as a gift.

==Background==
Putin was born in [[Leningrad]] on [[October]] 7, 1952 and was baptized as an Orthodox Christian and continue to be a member to this day. Putin was a judo champion in his youth.<ref>http://nypost.com/2013/11/13/vladimir-putin-is-tougher-than-chuck-norris/</ref> He was educated in law and economics at Leningrad State University before being assigned to work in the [[GRU]].<ref>[http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htmurph/articles/20090821.aspx Killing The KGB Myth],
August 21, 2009.</ref> After five years in [[East Germany]], he took up various political positions before becoming [[prime minister]] in 1999.

He is married to Lyudmila Putina since July 28, 1983 (former airline stewardess). They have two daughters.

===Political career===
Putin is mainly backed by the [[United Russia]] (''Единая Россия'') party, which currently holds a majority in the lower chamber of the Russian parliament, known as the ''Duma''. The party usually reflects the political views of Putin, which are that of moderate conservatism and nationalism. On March 14, 2004, he was elected to a second term as president with 71% of the vote. Barred from a third consecutive term by the Russian constitution, Putin ceded the presidency to [[Dmitry Medvedev]] on May 7, 2008 and became Prime Minister, at the time sharing power with the more moderate Medvedev. Medvedev did not run for a second term, and, as a result, Putin was re-elected in 2012.

====Escalating tensions====
Putin is seen as an antagonist by [[liberal]]s in the West, who are angry about their inability to push the [[homosexual agenda]] and pro-[[abortion]] policies on Russia. It is possible that his hostility to NATO and the U.S., his demand for a voice in the affairs of ex-Soviet nations, his rigged election system, nationalized oil, protection of Iran, and threats to Georgia have heightened tensions. According to Liberal media the decline of [[human rights]] in Russia has been dramatic; for example, Russian riot police beat a number of protesters and journalists at an anti-Putin rally at Pushkin Square in Moscow, <ref>''The Economist'', April 21, 2007</ref> and Putin rigged national elections for his party <ref>http://www.reuters.com/article/homepageCrisis/idUSL03585550._CH_.2400</ref>

Putin has even exercised power over the Russian supreme court. Justice Vladimir Yaroslavtsev was forced to resign after warning that Russian security agencies now control the country as they did in Soviet times and expressing alarm over their lack of accountability. Justice Anatoly Kononov was likewise forced out after defending Yaroslavtsev.<ref>[http://www.robertamsterdam.com/2009/12/are_you_an_independent_russian_judge_youre_fired.htm ''Are You An Independent Russian Judge? You're Fired'', RobertAmsterdam.com]</ref>

Putin is popular in Russia<ref>http://www.levada.ru/prezident.html Putin's Approval Ratings</ref>. Since coming to power, Putin has expanded Russia's economy and reduced inflation. The majority of Russians are relatively uninterested in politics outside of issues affecting their personal prosperity, <ref>''The Economist'', April 21, 2007</ref> and journalist [[Anna Politkovskaya]] argued that the Russian people, as a whole, have been willing to tolerate violence in the name of "comfort and peace and quiet".<ref>Politkovskaya, Anna. Putin's Russia. London: Harvill Press, 2004</ref>

====Relations with U.S.====
President Obama's decision in August 2009 to cancel an antimissile defense system in [[Central Europe]] (the [[Czech Republic]], [[Poland]] and [[Lithuania]]) earned a strong welcome from Putin. Now, the question is whether Russia will do more to help prevent Iran from developing nuclear weapons. Putin, who had repeatedly assailed the antimissile system as a grave danger to Russia's security, called Obama's decision ''correct and brave.'' President Dmitri A. Medvedev hinted that Russia would respond favorably to the decision to replace former President George W. Bush's plan with a missile shield seen as less threatening to Moscow.

In September 2013, Putin gave a speech stating the need to strengthen Russian culture with traditional values and the Orthodox Christian church. Also, he condemned Western nations and their godless pursuit of political correctness and [[homosexuality]]. <ref>[http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/cdedfd64-214f-11e3-a92a-00144feab7de.html#axzz2jdyir54U Putin urges Russians to return to values of religion, FT.com, September 19, 2013]</ref>

In early September 2013, Putin expressly observed that liberal [[John Kerry]] is a liar.

====Relations with E.U.====
In 2014 Putin founded the [[Eurasian Economic Union]] to oppose the [[European Union]].

After [[Crimea]] joined Russia, the [[European Union]] imposed sanctions against Putin.<ref>http://rt.com/business/168192-eu-sanctions-crimea-deadlock/</ref>

====Authoritarianism===
According to liberals, neoliberals, libertarians and true conservatives, they viewed Putin's regieme as authoritarian and trying to antagonise Europe with his invasion of Ukraine. He assassinated, arrested or deported reporters, journalists and political opponents, including Boris Nemtsov (which [[Margaret Thatcher]] reportedly supported), a Russian politician and one of the parties part of the opposition.

Putin had also made Russia into a Gay-free society, something that may sound good, however unlike us conservatives where we hate gay marriage but allowed people to be gay, Putin banned people from being gay and used police and sometimes alleged government sponsored gangs or groups to beat up gays.

Putin's party, [[United Russia]] has rigged the elections thus making the elections bias to the victor (which the victor is obvious!).

Putin also putted guerrilla peaceful protesters into detention centres for simply just protesting to end the war in Ukraine.

==See also==
* [[Dmitri Medvedev]]
* [[Russian Federation]]
* [[Crisis in Ukraine]]

[[File:V Putin.jpg]]

==Further reading==
* Baker, Peter, and Susan Glasser. ''Kremlin Rising: Vladimir Putin's Russia and the End of Revolution'' (2nd ed. 2007); [http://www.amazon.com/Kremlin-Rising-Vladimir-Revolution-Updated/dp/1597971227/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256923460&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Goldman, Marshall I. ''Petrostate: Putin, Power, and the New Russia'' (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Petrostate-Putin-Power-New-Russia/dp/0195340736/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256915128&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]
* Lucas, Edward. ''The New Cold War: Putin's Russia and the Threat to the West'' (2009) [http://www.amazon.com/New-Cold-War-Putins-Russia/dp/0230614345/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256915128&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Stuermer, Michael. ''Putin and the Rise of Russia'' (2009)
* Wegren, Stephen K., and Dale R. Herspring, eds. ''After Putin's Russia: Past Imperfect, Future Uncertain'' (4th ed. 2009) [http://www.amazon.com/After-Putins-Russia-Imperfect-Uncertain/dp/0742557855/ref=tmm_pap_title_0 excerpt and text search]

==References==
<references/>

==External Links==
* [http://putin.kremlin.ru/ Official Putin Website]
* [http://kremlin.ru/ Official President of Russia Website]

{{DEFAULTSORT: Putin, Vladimir}}

[[Category : Current Heads of State]]
[[Category : Russian People]]
[[Category : Russian Political People]]
[[Category : Orthodox Christians]]
[[Category : Conservatives]]

New York

2015-09-25T17:48:57Z

Bauhaus:

{{USState
|name=New York
|flag=Newyorkflag.gif
|motto="Excelsior"
|nick=The Big Apple
|capital=Albany
|language=None
|governor=Andrew Cuomo
|gparty=Democrat
|senator2=Kirsten Gillibrand
|s2party=Democrat
|s2phone=(202) 224-4451
|s2email=no contact info
|senator1=Charles Schumer
|s1party=Democrat
|s1phone=(202) 224-6542
|s1email=http://schumer.senate.gov/new_website/contact.cfm Contact
|population=
|date=July 26, 1788 (11th)
}}
'''New York''' state, one of the original [[Colonial America|13 colonies]], became a state in 1776 and was the 11th state to ratify the Constitution on July 26, 1788. In common use, "New York" most often refers to [[New York City]], the financial, news and cultural capital of the U.S.

==Elected Officials==

===Federal===
*Sen. [[Charles Schumer]] (D)
*Sen. [[Kirsten Gillibrand]] (D)
*Rep. [[Timothy Bishop]] [D, NY-01]
*Rep. [[Steve Israel]] [D, NY-02]
*Rep. [[Peter King]] [R, NY-03]
*Rep. [[Carolyn McCarthy]] [D, NY-04]
*Rep. [[Gary Ackerman]] [D, NY-05]
*Rep. [[Gregory Meeks]] [D, NY-06]
*Rep. [[Joseph Crowley]] [D, NY-07]
*Rep. [[Jerrold Nadler]] [D, NY-08]
*Rep. [[Anthony Weiner]] [D, NY-09]
*Rep. [[Edolphus Towns]] [D, NY-10]
*Rep. [[Yvette Clarke]] [D, NY-11]
*Rep. [[Nydia Velazquez]] [D, NY-12]
*Rep. [[Michael Grimm]] [R, NY-13]
*Rep. [[Carolyn Maloney]] [D, NY-14]
*Rep. [[Charles Rangel]] [D, NY-15]
*Rep. [[Jose Serrano]] [D, NY-16]
*Rep. [[Eliot Engel]] [D, NY-17]
*Rep. [[Nita Lowey]] [D, NY-18]
*Rep. [[Nan Hayworth]] [R, NY-19]
*Rep. [[Chris Gibson]] [R, NY-20]
*Rep. [[Paul Tonko]] [D, NY-21]
*Rep. [[Maurice Hinchey]] [D, NY-22]
*Rep. [[Bill Owens]] [D, NY-23]
*Rep. [[Richard Hanna]] [R, NY-24]
*Rep. [[Ann Marie Buerkle]] [R, NY-25]
*Rep. [[Brian Higgins]] [D, NY-27]
*Rep. [[Louise Slaughter]] [D, NY-28]
*Rep. [[Tom Reed]] [R, NY-29]

===Statewide===
*Governor [[Andrew Cuomo]] (D)
*Lt. Governor [[Robert Duffy]] (D)
*Attorney General [[Eric Schneiderman]] (D)
*Secretary of State [[Ruth Noemi Colon]] (I)
*State Comptroller [[Thomas DiNapoli]] (D)

==History==
see [[History of New York State]]

==Facts==
[[File:Liberty2.jpg|thumb|Statue of Liberty.]]
* Nickname: The Big Apple.
* State Capital: [[Albany]].
* Total area: 54,471.144 square miles (47,223.839 land and 7,247.305 inland water).
* Population: Based on the 2000 census – 18,976,457; 3rd most populous US state after California and Texas. Much of this population lives in New York City. "Upstate" New York has most of the land area in the state.
* State Song: "I Love New York"
* [[State flower|State Flower]]: [[Rose]]
*There are four mountain ranges in New York State: Adirondack, Catskill, Shawangunk and Taconic.
*The highest point in New York State is Mount Marcy in Essex County in the Adirondacks - 5,344 feet above sea level.
*The State has 70,000 miles of rivers and streams, 127 miles of Atlantic Ocean coastline, 9,767 miles of shoreline which includes 8,778 miles of lake shoreline.

==Major Cities==
* [[Albany]]
* [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]]
* [[New York City]]
* [[Rochester]]
* [[Schenectady]]
* [[Syracuse]]

==Politics==
New York City is the center of American liberalism. "Upstate" is much more conservative and the suburbs are split. Republicans have a narrow 32-30 seat majority in the State Senate. However, Democrats dominate the State Assembly with a 99-50 seat majority.

In 1980 the state elected 17 Republicans to the House; in 2010 it elected only eight. However, due to population loss, New York only had 29 seats in 2010 compared to 39 in 1980 so the change isn't as dramatic as it seems at first glance.

==Miscellaneous==
New York is the home and birthplace of four American presidents, [[Martin Van Buren]], [[Millard Filmore]], [[Theodore Roosevelt]] and [[Franklin Roosevelt]].

==External Links==
*[http://www.iloveny.com/ Official New York State Tourism Web Site]
*[http://www.ny.gov/governor/ New York State]

==Further reading==
* Blond, Becca, and China Williams. ''Lonely Planet New York State'' (2004) [http://www.amazon.com/Lonely-Planet-New-York-State/dp/1741041252/ref=sr_1_8/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1189477988&sr=1-8 excerpt and online search from Amazon.com], a guide book.
* Eisenstadt, Peter, Laura-Eve Moss, and Carole F. Huxley, eds. ''The Encyclopedia Of New York State'' (2005) 1900 pages of articles by experts. The best starting point.
* Jackson, Kenneth, ed. ''The Encyclopedia of New York City'' (1995), [http://www.amazon.com/Encyclopedia-New-York-City/dp/0300055366/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1240594479&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]

{{USstates}}

[[Category : States of the United States]]
[[Category : New York]]
[[Category : Urban History]]
[[Category : Anti Second Amendment]]
[[Category : Blue States]]
[[Category : Eastern United States]]
[[Category : Gun control]]
[[Category : Liberalism]]

New York

2015-09-25T17:47:18Z

Bauhaus:

{{USState
|name=New York
|flag=Newyorkflag.gif
|motto="Excelsior"
|nick=The Big Apple
|capital=Albany
|language=None
|governor=Andrew Cuomo
|gparty=Democrat
|senator2=Kirsten Gillibrand
|s2party=Democrat
|s2phone=(202) 224-4451
|s2email=no contact info
|senator1=Charles Schumer
|s1party=Democrat
|s1phone=(202) 224-6542
|s1email=http://schumer.senate.gov/new_website/contact.cfm Contact
|population=
|date=July 26, 1788 (11th)
}}
'''New York''' state, one of the original [[Colonial America|13 colonies]], became a state in 1776 and was the 11th state to ratify the Constitution on July 26, 1788. In common use, "New York" most often refers to [[New York City]], the financial, news and cultural capital of the U.S.

==Elected Officials==

===Federal===
*Sen. [[Charles Schumer]] (D)
*Sen. [[Kirsten Gillibrand]] (D)
*Rep. [[Timothy Bishop]] [D, NY-01]
*Rep. [[Steve Israel]] [D, NY-02]
*Rep. [[Peter King]] [R, NY-03]
*Rep. [[Carolyn McCarthy]] [D, NY-04]
*Rep. [[Gary Ackerman]] [D, NY-05]
*Rep. [[Gregory Meeks]] [D, NY-06]
*Rep. [[Joseph Crowley]] [D, NY-07]
*Rep. [[Jerrold Nadler]] [D, NY-08]
*Rep. [[Anthony Weiner]] [D, NY-09]
*Rep. [[Edolphus Towns]] [D, NY-10]
*Rep. [[Yvette Clarke]] [D, NY-11]
*Rep. [[Nydia Velazquez]] [D, NY-12]
*Rep. [[Michael Grimm]] [R, NY-13]
*Rep. [[Carolyn Maloney]] [D, NY-14]
*Rep. [[Charles Rangel]] [D, NY-15]
*Rep. [[Jose Serrano]] [D, NY-16]
*Rep. [[Eliot Engel]] [D, NY-17]
*Rep. [[Nita Lowey]] [D, NY-18]
*Rep. [[Nan Hayworth]] [R, NY-19]
*Rep. [[Chris Gibson]] [R, NY-20]
*Rep. [[Paul Tonko]] [D, NY-21]
*Rep. [[Maurice Hinchey]] [D, NY-22]
*Rep. [[Bill Owens]] [D, NY-23]
*Rep. [[Richard Hanna]] [R, NY-24]
*Rep. [[Ann Marie Buerkle]] [R, NY-25]
*Rep. [[Brian Higgins]] [D, NY-27]
*Rep. [[Louise Slaughter]] [D, NY-28]
*Rep. [[Tom Reed]] [R, NY-29]

===Statewide===
*Governor [[Andrew Cuomo]] (D)
*Lt. Governor [[Robert Duffy]] (D)
*Attorney General [[Eric Schneiderman]] (D)
*Secretary of State [[Ruth Noemi Colon]] (I)
*State Comptroller [[Thomas DiNapoli]] (D)

==History==
see [[History of New York State]]

==Facts==
[[File:Liberty2.jpg|thumb|Statue of Liberty.]]
* Nickname: The Empire State.
* State Capital: [[Albany]].
* Total area: 54,471.144 square miles (47,223.839 land and 7,247.305 inland water).
* Population: Based on the 2000 census – 18,976,457; 3rd most populous US state after California and Texas. Much of this population lives in New York City. "Upstate" New York has most of the land area in the state.
* State Song: "I Love New York"
* [[State flower|State Flower]]: [[Rose]]
*There are four mountain ranges in New York State: Adirondack, Catskill, Shawangunk and Taconic.
*The highest point in New York State is Mount Marcy in Essex County in the Adirondacks - 5,344 feet above sea level.
*The State has 70,000 miles of rivers and streams, 127 miles of Atlantic Ocean coastline, 9,767 miles of shoreline which includes 8,778 miles of lake shoreline.

==Major Cities==
* [[Albany]]
* [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]]
* [[New York City]]
* [[Rochester]]
* [[Schenectady]]
* [[Syracuse]]

==Politics==
New York City is the center of American liberalism. "Upstate" is much more conservative and the suburbs are split. Republicans have a narrow 32-30 seat majority in the State Senate. However, Democrats dominate the State Assembly with a 99-50 seat majority.

In 1980 the state elected 17 Republicans to the House; in 2010 it elected only eight. However, due to population loss, New York only had 29 seats in 2010 compared to 39 in 1980 so the change isn't as dramatic as it seems at first glance.

==Miscellaneous==
New York is the home and birthplace of four American presidents, [[Martin Van Buren]], [[Millard Filmore]], [[Theodore Roosevelt]] and [[Franklin Roosevelt]].

==External Links==
*[http://www.iloveny.com/ Official New York State Tourism Web Site]
*[http://www.ny.gov/governor/ New York State]

==Further reading==
* Blond, Becca, and China Williams. ''Lonely Planet New York State'' (2004) [http://www.amazon.com/Lonely-Planet-New-York-State/dp/1741041252/ref=sr_1_8/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1189477988&sr=1-8 excerpt and online search from Amazon.com], a guide book.
* Eisenstadt, Peter, Laura-Eve Moss, and Carole F. Huxley, eds. ''The Encyclopedia Of New York State'' (2005) 1900 pages of articles by experts. The best starting point.
* Jackson, Kenneth, ed. ''The Encyclopedia of New York City'' (1995), [http://www.amazon.com/Encyclopedia-New-York-City/dp/0300055366/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1240594479&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]

{{USstates}}

[[Category : States of the United States]]
[[Category : New York]]
[[Category : Urban History]]
[[Category : Anti Second Amendment]]
[[Category : Blue States]]
[[Category : Eastern United States]]
[[Category : Gun control]]
[[Category : Liberalism]]

Hong Kong

2015-09-25T17:45:32Z

Bauhaus:

{{Country
|name =香港 ''Xiānggǎng Hong Kong''
|map =Hong kong pol98.jpg
|flag =674uygjh.png
|arms =Hong Kong Emblem.png
|capital =
|capital-raw =
|government =Special Administrative Region
|government-raw =
|language = Cantonese, English
|king =
|queen =
|monarch-raw =
|chief Executive= Leung Cheng Ying
|president-raw =
|chancellor =
|chancellor-raw =
|pm =
|pm-raw =
|area =426.4 sq. miles
|pop =6.92 million
|pop-basis =2007
|gdp =$188.8 billion
|gdp-year =2006
|gdp-pc =$27,600
|currency =Hong Kong dollar
|idd =
|tld =
}}

'''Hong Kong''' ([[Traditional Chinese]] and [[Simplified Chinese]]: 香港; [[Hanyu Pinyin]]: Xiānggǎng; [[Jyutping]]: Hoeng1 Gong2) is a [[Special Administrative Region]] of [[China]], situated at the mouth of the [[Pearl River]] in southern China, opposite the former Portuguese possession of [[Macau]]. It consists of Hong Kong, Lamma, Lantau and various smaller islands, and [[Kowloon]] and the [[New Territories]] on the Chinese mainland. The name Hong Kong means ''fragrant harbour''.

From 1841-1997, it was a British colony and the main trading base for the [[British Empire]] in Asia. Despite being handed back to China in 1997, it has remained autonomy under One country, Two systems and being an SAR status. There is a free press but no democracy and no real elections; all major government decisions are made by the government of China.

The population of Hong Kong is about 7 million people. The largest urban areas are Kowloon (With a population about 2 million), Central, Tsuen Wan and Sha Tin. Property prices in Hong Kong's Central District are the second most expensive in the world, after those of central [[Tokyo]].

==People==

Hong Kong's population has increased steadily over the past decade, reaching about 6.92 million in 2007. Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world, with an overall density of some 6,250 people per square kilometer. Cantonese, the official Chinese language in Hong Kong, is spoken by most of the population. English, also an official language, is widely understood, being spoken by more than one-third of the population. Every major religion is practiced freely in Hong Kong. All children are required by law to be in full-time education between the ages of 6 and 15. Preschool education for most children begins at age 3. Primary school begins normally at the age of 6 and lasts for 6 years. At about age 12, children progress to a 3-year course of junior secondary education. Most stay on for a 2-year senior secondary course, while others join full-time vocational training. More than 90% of children complete upper secondary education or equivalent vocational education.
*Population (mid-2007): 6.92 million.
*Population growth rate (2006): 0.6%.
*Ethnic groups: Chinese 95%; other 5%.
*Religions: About 43% participate in some form of religious practice. Christian, about 9.6%.
*Languages: Cantonese (a dialect of Chinese) and English are official.
*Education: Literacy--97.1% (98.7% male, 95.4% female).
*Health (2006): Infant mortality rate--1.8/1,000. Life expectancy--82.6 yrs. (overall); 79.5 yrs. males, 85.6 yrs. females.
*Work force (2007): 3.65 million. Wholesale, retail, and import/export trades and restaurants and hotels--28.8%; finance, insurance, real estate, and business services--13.8%; manufacturing--4.3%.

====The arts====
Hong Kong has the world's third largest film industry after [[Bollywood]] and [[Hollywood]]. Most films are produced in the [[Cantonese]] language, although a few Hong Kong stars, such as [[Jackie Chan]] are known internationally.

==Government and Political Conditions==

The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) is headed by Chief Executive Donald Tsang, who first took office in 2005 and whose current term ends in 2012. The Election Committee that votes on the Chief Executive (CE) is made up of approximately 800 Hong Kong residents from four constituency groups: commercial, industrial, and financial interests; professionals; labor, social services, and religious interests; and the legislature, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and the P.R.C. National People's Congress.
[[File:Government House Hong Kong.jpg|thumb|left|360px|Government House.]]
In December 2006, pro-democracy Civic Party legislator Alan Leong garnered 134 nominations from the Election Committee, enabling Leong to challenge incumbent CE Tsang's bid for a new five-year term in 2007. Tsang, with solid support from the pro-government and pro-business sectors, won the March 25, 2007 Election Committee vote with 649 of the 795 votes. Leong garnered 123 votes.

In July 2002, the Hong Kong Government implemented the Principal Officials Accountability System, which was designed to make the government more responsive to public concerns. Twelve political appointees, directly responsible to the Chief Executive, run the 12 policy bureaus. Three other senior civil service positions--the Chief Secretary, Financial Secretary, and Justice Secretary--are also filled by political appointments.

While Hong Kong remains a free and open society where human rights are respected, courts are independent, and there is well-established respect for the rule of law, residents are limited in their ability to change their government, and the legislature is limited in its power to affect government policies. The September 12, 2004 Legislative Council (Legco) elections were seen as generally free, open, and widely contested, although Hong Kong groups have alleged voter intimidation, manipulation, or pressure in connection with them.

In December 2005 the Legco rejected a Hong Kong Government-proposed package of incremental reforms to the mechanisms for choosing the CE in 2007 and forming the Legco in 2008. In July 2007, the Hong Kong Government's Commission on Strategic Development issued a Green Paper on Constitutional Development, which set out a myriad of options to reform the CE and Legco electoral mechanisms, with the "ultimate aim" of universal suffrage as prescribed by the Basic Law.

On December 12, 2007, Chief Executive Donald Tsang submitted a report on the Green Paper to the central government. The report said more than half of local people wanted universal suffrage by 2012, but 2017 might be a more realistic date. In December 2007, the P.R.C. National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) issued a decision on Hong Kong's constitutional development which, while ruling out universal suffrage in 2012, appears to open the way for Hong Kong to achieve full universal suffrage for the CE in 2017, and full universal suffrage for Legco sometime thereafter. Any amendments to the Basic Law will require approval by the CE, at least two-thirds of Legco, and then the NPCSC.

In 2011- 2012, the government tried to implement National Education in Hong Kong but failed due to protests. While it may sound good to a [[Conservative]] [[American]], it has a bias slant towards China as it is missing key points in Chinese history like the [[June 4th incident]].

On June 1st 2012, Chief Executive Leung Cheng Ying replaced Donald Tsang as Chief Executive.

On September 28 2014, police fired tear gas onto unarmed protesters that occupied major roads in the city centre. The protests were commonly known as the Umbrella Movement. The protesters were fighting for basic [[Universal Suffrage]] instead of SAR government's view of democracy which selects pro Beijing candidates by using the election committee consisting of 1200 mostly pro Beijing citizens in Hong Kong. Instead of ending the protests, the protests spread to other areas of Hong Kong including Mongkok, a place known for shopping and triad/ gang activity, Tsim Sha Tui, a shopping and tourist district and Causeway Bay, the Hong Kong version of the [[New York]] [[Times Square]]. The protests ended on December 15 2014 due to the lack of support from the Hong Kong public, failed tactics and police clearance of the streets.

===Principal Government Officials (as of 21/07/15)===
*Chief Executive-- Leung Cheng Ying
*Chief Secretary for Administration--Carrie Lam
*Financial Secretary-- John Tsang
*Secretary for Justice-- Rimsky Yuen
*Secretary for Education-- Eddie Ng
*Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development-- Gregory So
*Secretary for Constitutional and Mainland Affairs-- Raymond Tam
*Secretary for Security-- Lai Tung Kwok
*Secretary for Food and Health-- Ko Wing-man
*Secretary for the Civil Service-- Clement Cheung
*Secretary for Home Affairs-- Lau Kong-wah
*Secretary for Labour and Welfare-- Matthew Cheung
*Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury-- Ceajer Chan
*Secretary for Development-- Paul Chan
*Secretary for the Environment-- Wong Kam-sing
*Secretary for Transport and Housing-- Anthony Cheung

===Foreign Relations===
Hong Kong's foreign relations and defense are the responsibility of China. Hong Kong is an independent customs territory and economic entity separate from the rest of China and is able to enter into international agreements on its own behalf in commercial and economic matters. Hong Kong, independently of China, participates as a full member of numerous international economic organizations including the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC), and the Financial Action Task Force (FATF).
[[Image:Hongkong.jpg|center|thumb|950px|The Hong Kong skyline.]]

==Economy==
[[File:Hong Kong Trade Development.JPG|thumb|240px|left|Trade Development Council.]]
Hong Kong is one of the world's most open and dynamic economies. Hong Kong per capita GDP is comparable to other developed countries. Real GDP expanded by 6.8% in 2006 year-on-year, driven by thriving exports, vibrant inbound tourism and strong consumer spending. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused the Hong Kong economy to shrink during the first half of 2003, and property prices had fallen 66% from their late 1997 peak, but have since rebounded by about 84% from that lower base. The unemployment rate declined to 3.6% in September-November 2007, the lowest level since mid-1998. The surplus for fiscal year 2007-08 was $7.5 billion or 4.0% of GDP, attributed to the robust economy, increased corporate profits and salaries, the buoyant stock market, and a stable property market.

Hong Kong enjoys a number of economic strengths, including accumulated public and private wealth from decades of unprecedented growth, a sound banking system, virtually no public debt, a strong legal system, and an able and rigorously enforced anti-corruption regime. The need for economic restructuring poses difficult challenges and choices for the government. Hong Kong is endeavoring to improve its attractiveness as a commercial and trading center, especially after China's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO), and continues to refine its financial architecture. The government is deepening its economic interaction with the Pearl River Delta in an effort to maintain Hong Kong's position as a gateway to China. These efforts include the conclusion of a free trade agreement with China, the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA), which applies zero tariffs to all Hong Kong-origin goods and preferential treatment in 27 service sectors. Hong Kong, along with the Macau SAR, is also participating in a new pan-Pearl River Delta trade block with nine Chinese provinces, which aims to lower trade barriers among members, standardize regulations, and improve infrastructure. U.S. companies have a generally favorable view of Hong Kong's business environment, including its legal system and the free flow of information, low taxation, and infrastructure. The American Chamber of Commerce's annual business confidence survey, released in December 2007, showed 99% of respondents had a "good" or "satisfactory" outlook for 2008. Survey results indicated a positive economic outlook through 2010.

On the international front, Hong Kong is a separate and active member of the WTO and the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, where it is an articulate and effective champion of free markets and the reduction of trade barriers. Hong Kong residents across the political spectrum supported China's accession to the WTO, believing this would open new opportunities on the mainland for local firms and stabilize relations between Hong Kong's two most important trade and investment partners, the United States and China.
*GDP (2006): $188.8 billion.
*GDP real growth rate (2006): 6.8%.
*Per capita GDP (2006): $27,600.
*Natural resources: Outstanding deepwater harbor.
*Industry: Types--textiles, clothing, electronics, plastics, toys, watches, clocks.
*Trade: Exports--$315.5 billion: clothing, electronics, textiles, watches and clocks, office machinery. Imports--$333.3 billion: consumer goods, raw materials and semi-manufactures, capital goods, foodstuffs, fuels.

==History==
[[Image:Old Flag of Hong Kong.png|right|200px|thumb|British Crown Colony flag, in use until 1997]]

When British merchants were forced out of Canton in the 1820s, they began to use Hong Kong harbor for anchorage and storage depots. Hong Kong, with a population of 3600 villagers and 2000 fishermen, came under British control by the Convention of Chuenpi, a treaty with China in 1841, as part of the British conquest during the opium wars British foreign minister Lord Palmerston contemptuously dismissed the place as "a barren island with hardly a house upon it." Its prized harbor was used only by fishermen, pirates, and opium smugglers. However, it soon became a key and Royal Navy coaling station.

By the Treaty of the Bogue (Humen) in 1843, Chinese merchants based in the mainland were allowed free access to Hong Kong for trading purposes. By 1851 the population reached 32,000 (95% Chinese), The Second Anglo-Chinese War (1856-58) resulted in another British victory and led to the secession of the Kowloon Peninsula. Under a convention signed in Peking in 1898, the New Territories — comprising the area north of Kowloon up to the Shum Chun (Shenzhen) River and 235 islands--was leased for 99 years, primarily to forestall French or Russian occupation.

===Business===
In the 19th century the British colony was chiefly a naval base and as an entrepôt for trade with the mainland. An international busineess community grew up; Warren Delano, Jr., grandfather of President [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]], worked in Hong Kong in the 1860s as a partner in the American trading firm of Russell and Company. Jardine Matheson, founded in 1832, was a British partnership that did marketing for correspondent merchants in Britain, India, and parts of south-east Asia. It became active in finance, insurance, and shipping, but its most profitable commodity was opium, which was sold, illegally, in Canton and along the coast of China. In 1843 it moved its headquarters to Hong Kong, signalling the new base for British merchants, who dominated the international trade of south China. They sent teas and silks to Europe, and imported coal, machinery, metals, wines, and liquors. In 2007 Jardine Matheson had revenues of US$ 32 billion, and is the largest employer in HKSAR after the government.<ref> See [http://www.jardines.com/profile/history.html Jardine's History]</ref>
[[File:HK-1850.jpg|thumb|left|280px|The city in 1850.]]
Shortages of arable land, fresh water, forest and mineral resources, and skilled labor appeared to be insuperable barriers to the development of industry. However, Chinese businessmen by the 1880s were creating a distinct cultural-historical role for the colony. They contributed to China's nation-building effort by providing financing and imports China could not secure on its own. Their success made Hong Kong a valued member of the British Empire. By 1900, the colonial government appreciated the Chinese businessmen as more than profit-bound sojourners, but as allies in the struggle for order and stability, not just in Hong Kong and in south China, but in the British empire in Asia. Nationalism does not inevitably pit colonized against colonizers, for Chinese nationalism did not drive the Chinese merchants and intellectuals into opposition; the ideal of a powerful, modern China united them with the British, for both parties realized a strong, modern China meant a commercially vibrant China.

The Chinese nationalists played a major role in service to the Qing dynasty and the succeeding Republican governments, in leading the 1911 revolution and becoming a strategic a haven for Chinese refugees. Hong Kong's philanthropic and relief works, and the commercial and industrial activities of the entrepreneurs were role models for South China. The Chinese business community in Hong Kong, resembled the British business communities there and in Shanghai, which was larger and commercially more important before 1948. Both British and Chinese businessmen were dedicated to opening markets in China, to the point at which Hong Kong Chinese were in a sense both colonized and colonizers. Both groups benefited from their connections in the British Empire, and both were dependent on its power. Members of both societies saw themselves as permanent residents rather than as expatriates or sojourners, but they also continued to send money home to support philanthropic causes and, when necessary, to assist national war efforts. Both British and Chinese could have a number of identities: British or Chinese, imperial, national, and local. Both communities based their local identities on self-images of industriousness, entrepreneurship, and public spirit. London refused demands by British residents for self-government, arguing that saying the 98% Chinese majority would be subject to the control of a small European minority.<ref>John Carroll, "Colonialism, Nationalism, and Difference: Reassessing the Role of Hong Kong in Modern Chinese History." ''Chinese Historical Review'' 2006 13(1): 92-104. Issn: 1547-402x </ref>
[[File:HongKongMap.jpg|right|180px]]
Modernization proceeded rapidly, with the Hong Kong and China Gas Company starting in 1861, the Peak Tram in 1885, the Hongkong Electric Company in 1889, China Light and Power in 1903, the electric tramways in 1904 and the Kowloon-Canton Railway, in 1910. Successive reclamations began in 1851 — notably one completed in 1904 in Central District which produced Chater Road, Connaught Road and Des Voeux Road; and another in Wan Chai between 1921 and 1929.

A representative leader was Sir Kai Ho Kai, (1859-1914), barrister, physician, reformist, revolutionary and essayist. His grandfather was a Protestant printer in Malacca (Malaysia); his father was educated at the Anglo-Chinese College in Malacca and became a Protestant minister in Hong Kong as well as a rich real estate entrepreneur. Ho Kai was one of the first Chinese physicians to be professionally trained in Britain (at Aberdeen University), becoming a central figure in the history of Western medicine in China. His public service on Hong Kong's appointed Legislative Council from 1890 to 1914, his role in helping to found the Tung Wah Hospital, Alice Memorial Hospital, the Hong Kong College of Medicine and the Po Leung Kuk orphanage; he wrote numerous essays on governmental reform.<ref>G. H. Choa, ''The Life and Times of Sir Kai Ho Kai: A Prominent Figure in Nineteenth-Century Hong Kong.'' (2nd ed. 2000) </ref>

===Education and religion===
[[File:Buddhistic Statues Hong Kong.jpg|thumb|340px|Buddhistic Statues.]]
Schooling was not compulsory but the colonial government began annual cash grants in 1847 to schools for the Chinese; there was never any effort to impose English. In 1873, the annual grants were extended to voluntary schools operated by Christian missionaries. College of Medicine for the Chinese, opened in 1887 with [[Sun Yat Sen]] as one of its first two students; it became the University of Hong Kong in 1911 and built arts, engineering and medical faculties. However, throughout the 20th century higher education opportunities were limited.

The Church Missionary Society of the Church of England promoted work in China after 1844. George Smith (1815–1871) was the first bishop of Hong Kong, 1850-64. Smith handled Anglican pastoral and missionary, and directed St. Paul's Missionary College (now St Paul's Boys' School). He spoke Chinese and conducted both Chinese and English services. Smith set up the first mission to seamen in Hong Kong and was president of the Bible Society in Hong Kong. He ordained the first two Chinese deacons in 1863. The governor appointed Smith as chairman of the education committee in 1852 and of its successor, the board of education, in 1860.<ref>Gillian Bickley, "Smith, George (1815–1871)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,'' (Sept 2004); online edn, Jan 2008 </ref>

Frederick Stewart (1836–1889), the first head of the government education department was a Scottish Presbyterian educator who helped structure the educational system 1862-1878. Most residents were too poor to educate their children: school attendance among the farming and large transient fishing communities was irregular and Chinese girls generally were not educated. Stewart passionately valued education for individual fulfillment and only secondly for society's needs. He established, developed, and managed both a school and a system, learning and using spoken Cantonese and written Chinese in his work. In 1873 he established a successful grant-in-aid scheme for non-government schools (generally warmly supported by missionaries) and saw a sharp increase in attendance. In 1889 he supported a successful initiative to extend government Western education taught through English to Chinese girls. His work was enthusiastically supported by the governors Sir Richard MacDonnell and Sir Arthur Kennedy, but his work was obstructed by John Pope-Hennessy, governor 1877-1882. Pope-Hennessy, a highly controversial Irish Catholic hostile to Protestants, favored the Chinese over the British, and faulted the English-language achievements of Stewart's Central School pupils and disapproved of the dual curriculum which was the school's unique and particular strength. Although language policy had been a source of controversy at various times during the 1860s and 1870s, it was not until Pope-Hennessy’s raised the issue that conflict over the roles of English and Chinese in the colony's education system came fully into the open.<ref> Kate Lowe and Eugene McLaughlin. "Sir John Pope Hennessy and the 'native race craze': colonial government in Hong Kong, 1877–1882", ''Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History,'' 20 (1992), 223–47 ·
</ref> In 1883, on the initiative of the Colonial Office, and under a new governor, Sir George Bowen, he was appointed registrar-general and protector of Chinese. In 1887 Stewart was appointed colonial secretary—the head of the permanent civil service—and he occasionally acted as governor. Through his work in setting up a government education system which accommodated the best of two cultures—English and Chinese languages, Western and Chinese curricula, and modern and traditional pedagogies—Stewart made a lasting impact which accelerated the modernization of China. His own educational example, the pedagogical materials he produced, and his graduates all were important. Bilingual and bicultural pupils from the flagship Hong Kong Government Central School for Boys staffed many Hong Kong and imperial institutions; many attended the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese, of which Stewart was the first rector. Several won positions of influence in the imperial Chinese or Hong Kong colonial governments; others, admiring Western ideals, became revolutionaries, most notably Sun Yat Sen, the first president of China.<ref> Gillian Bickley, "Stewart, Frederick (1836–1889)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,'' Sept 2004; online edn, Jan 2008 </ref>

===Great Depression===
In 1932, facing a worldwide [[Great Depression]] and higher tariffs from the United States, the [[British Empire]] decided at the Imperial Economic Conference to protect industry and agriculture in the Empire by raising tariffs on imports from outside the Empire and encouraging colonial entrepreneurs. Since Hong Kong was a free port with no customs duties on imports or exports, industrialisation there was different than in other British colonies, where industry could only be established with the aid of protective tariffs and other government assistance, and where manufactured goods could only be sold in local markets. Hong Kong's industrialization rapidly expanded thanks to the new preference for goods made inside the Empire, and especially to the higher tariffs on Japanese textiles, footwear, and other goods. Chinese entrepreneurs in Hong Kong soon took over from the Japanese as the main competitors of British manufacturers in textiles and rubber footwear. The local and regional market expanded, with 24,000 ocean-going ships clearing the harbor in 1939. The large-scale relocation of industrial enterprises from mainland China began in the late 1930s, and resumed after the war.<ref> Norman Miners, "Industrial Development in the Colonial Empire and the Imperial Economic Conference at Ottawa 1932." ''Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History'' 2002 30(2): 53-76. Issn: 0308-6534 </ref>
===Second World War ===
[[File:VC John Robert Osborn Statue Military of Canada Hong Kong.jpg|thumb|Statue, Military of Canada, Hong Kong's Park.]]
London realized it could never defend the isolated colony against [[Japan]], but had to send forces to maintain imperial prestige. Indian and Canadian troops were sent in 1941 but they lacked training, equipment, and ammunition. They served a sacrificial role, with 6500 imprisoned for the duration, while British Commonwealth forces sought a major victory in North Africa. Refugees pured in from the mainland pushing the population well over one million, with extremely crowded conditions. Japan ruled from December, 1941 to September 1945, a time of hyperinflation and food shortages. Upwards of half the population left for the mainland.<ref> Andrew J. Whitfield, ''Hong Kong, Empire and the Anglo-American Alliance at War, 1941-1945.'' (2001) [http://www.questia.com/read/101710900?title=Hong%20Kong%2c%20Empire%20and%20the%20Anglo-American%20Alliance%20at%20War%2c%201941-45 online edition]</ref>

===Social trends===
Open currency markets and a free trade policy in Hong Kong after World War II gave it great economic advantages over Shanghai, whose government-controlled import-export trade could not compete with the British colony. In the late 1940s thousands of businessmen and professionals from Shanghai and other cities fled to Hong Kong top escape the imminent takeover of China by the Communists.

Despite a low birth rate, Hong Kong's population grew rapidly after 1945, as it became a base for entrepeneurs and a haven for refugees from poverty, war and Communism in China. The population tripled from 600,000 in 1945 to 1.8 million in 1948, then grew to 4 million in 1970 and 5.6 million in 1997. Steady growth continues, reaching 6.9 million in 2006.
[[File:TVB newsroom Hong Kong.jpg|left|TVB newsroom, Hong Kong.]]
The colony's strong high school system produced some of the professionals and skilled workers who contributed to rapid economic development after 1945, but they were outnumbered by new arrivals from China. Hong Kong's open and competitive employment system offered an important channel for upward social mobility, which tended to forestall a growth in class consciousness. Graduates joined an English-speaking elite and took pride in its acquaintance with the British culture. This elite was then incorporated by the British Establishment. This integration reduced potential friction between the colonial government and the local elite, who displayed far less antagonism or demands for independence than elites in other colonies. Demands for political participation emerged in the 1970s, as the colonial government vastly expanded its social service commitments. Its policy of "administrative absorption" encompassed more elites from all social strata. Its image was also improved by attempts to be a "government by consultation," while the threat of a takeover by Communist China undercut demands for autonomy. Economic development consistently raised the people's living standards and lowered their demand for political participation. Hong Kong elites were proud of not being affected by the "British disease," the symptoms of which included too much social welfare, militant trade unionism, frequent labour disputes, and a decline in economic competitiveness, as affected Britain itself in the 1970s. Radical ideologies were unattractive to the community and the Maoist factions gained little support. After 1984 both Britain and China promised more democracy, but as of 2008 there still is little of it.<ref> Joseph Y.S. Cheng, "Elections and Political Parties in Hong Kong's Political Development", ''Journal of Contemporary Asia,'' 2001, 31#3 346-374</ref>

===Economic boom===
[[File:Collage Hong Kong.jpg|right|120px]]
In the 1950s, Hong Kong viewed Guangdong on the mainland as its economic past: an underdeveloped hinterland of cottage industries and peasant agriculture. Guangdong, meanwhile, looked on Hong Kong as its political past: a territory oppressed by colonialism. That is, Hong Kong leaders saw Guangdong as socialist, planned, unfree, and poor. Meanwhile the Commuist leaders in Guangdong saw Hong Kong as colonial, exploitative,class stratified, and dehumanizing.<ref> Seth Harter, "'Time Is Moving Forward, but We Are Moving Faster': Racing towards Modernity in Hong Kong and Guangdong, 1945-1962." (2006). </ref>

The colony experienced some of the highest economic growth rates in world history during the last half of the 20th century. In the 1960s its average annual rate of growth was 13.2%, setting a world record. New factories opened, especially textiles and plastics. A major construction boom continued almost non-stop. In the 1960s the port became as a major center for world trade, exceeding all of China by 30%. It became a major international financial center. Low taxation, a strong currency, and a free currency exchange attracted international banks and foreign investment, although uncertainty regarding the 1997 takeover sent some investors to Canada. In the 1970s the growth rate slowed to a very high 8% annually. Per capita income soared, despite the fast growing population, and was the third highest in Asia by 1980, albeit less than half that of Japan.

In 1971 the colonial government made education compulsory and virtually free. Total school enrollment in 1981 was 1,339,000, but included a mere 16,000 full-time higher education students. In 1989 Governor Edward Youde moved to expand and strengthen higher education in response to public demands. He envision the founding of a world class university, an Asian equivalent of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1991 the colony established the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST). More expansion took place in the 1990s, resulting in nine major centers of higher education, with enrollment expanded by 50%.<ref>Timothy Man-kong Wong, "From Expansion to Repositioning: Recent Changes in Higher Education in Hong Kong," ''China: An International Journal'' 2#1 March 2004, pp. 150-166 in [[Project Muse]]</ref>By 2006 the most prestigious school, the University of Hong Kong, had 11,600 undergraduates, 7,900 postgraduates, and 2,000 MPhil and PhD students.

===1997===
When Britain turned Hong Kong over to China in 1997 it was the most modern colonial metropolis in the world, where robust entrepreneurship flourished under a British legal system providing a high degree of civil liberties for its citizens, but which had never set up a democratic system. Between 1960 and 1982, Hong Kong showed the staggering average growth rate of 7.0% per year, then held at 6.7% annually to 1992. In 1995, Hong Kong's GDP per person (in parity purchasing power) was the third highest in the world.

In 1997, at the end of the 99 year lease, the whole of the Hong Kong territory was returned to China. A "one country, two systems" model for 50 years was promised by China's leader [[Deng Xiaoping]], and the formula was accepted by Britain. Beijing selected the Basic Law Drafting Committee in 1985, making it clear it placed top priority on the stability and prosperity of the territory and that radical political reforms would be unlikely. Of the 59 members there were 23 members from Hong Kong, most of them prominent businessmen and leading professionals. The interests of the Establishment in Hong Kong apparently were assured, as the Chinese authorities were keen to retain Hong Kong's attractiveness to investors. The Basic Law Drafting Committee favoured an "executive-led" system of government for the future HKSAR with power concentrated in the hands of the Chief Executive, rather than the weak Legislative Council.

[[File:HK Bank of China Tower 2008.jpg|thumb|left|HK Bank of China Tower, 2008.]]
The 1985 elections to the colonial Legislative Council involved representation of different interest groups; there were a mere 70,000 eligible voters, of whom only 25,000 voted.The September 1985 elections to the Legislative Council were based on the electoral college, comprising members of the District Boards, the Urban Council and the Provisional Regional Council, and the functional constituencies.[ 10] Qualified voters therefore only numbered about 70,000 and those who actually voted amounted to about 25,000.

To rule after 1997 China created its first Special Administration Region, and as a result, Hong Kong became largely autonomous with its own government and laws, distinct from that of the rest of the People's Republic. All final decisions, however, were made by the government of China, but the influence was light-handed and "soft" before 2003.<ref>Willy Lam, "Beijing's hand in Hong Kong politics," ''Association for Asian Research'' [http://www.asianresearch.org/articles/2153.html June 14, 2004, online]</ref>
===Democratic issues===
On 1 July 2003, over half a million Hong Kong citizens staged a mass protest against the poor governance of the post-handover SAR government. The grievances of the marchers quickly snowballed into a widely backed movement for democracy, and another large rally was held on 1 July 2004. The landslide support for pro-democratic candidates during the local elections held on 23 November 2003 unnerved Beijing over its possible loss of control over Hong Kong. The government of China quickly shifted from a soft-line approach that talked about virtual autonomy to a hard-line approach, attempting to dampen the local democracy movement. Beijing banned universal suffrage for the elections of a Chief Executive in 2007 and a legislature in 2008. There were five fundamental causes of Hong Kong's broad-based demand for full democracy. First economic uncertainly rose sharply after 1999, as the competitiveness of the Hong Kong economy slipped and the transition to a knowledge economy was hindered by stagnant rates of university attendance. Secondly, the level of economic inequality increased,<ref> Li Zhang, "Economic Growth and Income Inequality in Hong Kong: Trends and Explanations," ''China: An International Journal'' 3#1 March 2005, pp. 74-103 in [[Project Muse]]</ref> along with a sense that cronyism was rampant and getting worse. Thirdly the government deficit has soared, leading to cutbacks in government services; by 2003 the government had spent half the financial reserves left by the British, and sold land assets to cover the deficit. At a deeper level citizens are anxious about their lack of voice in an authoritarian polity.<ref> Yushuo Zheng, "Hong Kong's Democrats Stumble," ''Journal of Democracy'' 16#1 January 2005, pp. 138-152 in [[Project Muse]]</ref> The The fifth fundamental problem was the failure of the new "Principal Officials Accountability System" and the growth of popular distrust towards the non-democratic system. <ref> Ming Sing, "The Legitimacy Problem and Democratic Reform in Hong Kong." ''Journal of Contemporary China'' 2006 15(48): 517-532. Issn: 1067-0564 Fulltext: [[Ebsco]]; Christine Loh, and Richard Cullen, "Political Reform in Hong Kong: the Principal Officials Accountability System. The First Year (2002-2003)." ''Journal of Contemporary China'' 2005 14(42): 153-176. Issn: 1067-0564 Fulltext: [[Ebsco]]</ref>

In September 2008, "pandemocrats" as they call themselves, retained the voters’ support during the Legislative Council election. Beijing’s interferences with the elections, though less blatant than those of 2004, unmistakably cast doubt on its sincerity to implement democracy in Hong Kong by 2020. In 2008, Beijing promoted a new wave of pro-Beijing professionals with a stronger and more independent image. The sudden rise and stunning electoral victories of the Social Democrats, who are hallmarked by civil disobedience on behalf of democratic and social reforms, reflect a deepening sense of public despair about the futility of the current political system, and a proliferating radicalism. A decade after the handover of their city to China, Hong Kong’s “pandemocrats” remain able to stand their ground at the ballot box.<ref>Ming Sing, "Hong Kong’s Democrats Hold Their Own," ''Journal of Democracy'', Volume 20, Number 1, January 2009, pp. 98-112 in [[Project MUSE]] </ref>

==Bibliography==
* DK. ''Eyewitness Top 10 Travel Guides: Hong Kong'' (2002) [http://www.amazon.com/Eyewitness-Top-10-Travel-Guides/dp/078948434X/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208912192&sr=1-3 excerpt and text search]
* ''Michelin Guide Hong Kong and Macau'' (2009) [http://www.amazon.com/Michelin-Guide-Hong-Macau-Guides/dp/2067140450/ref=sr_1_25?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254795126&sr=1-25 excerpt and text search]
* ''Frommer's Hong Kong'' by Beth Reiber, (2007) [http://www.amazon.com/Frommers-Hong-Kong-Complete/dp/0470078332/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208912192&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]
* Stone, Andrew. ''Lonely Planet Hong Kong & Macau City Guide'' (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Lonely-Planet-Hong-Macau-Guide/dp/1741046653/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208912192&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* ''Culture Shock! Hong Kong: A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette'' by Betty Wei and Elizabeth Li (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Culture-Shock-Hong-Kong-Etiquette/dp/0761454829/ref=sr_1_43?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254795206&sr=1-43 excerpt and text search]

===History===
* Carroll, John M. '' A Concise History of Hong Kong'' (2007) 270 pages [http://books.google.com/books?id=D37ijXG-FykC&pg=PA87&dq=intitle:A+intitle:history+intitle:of+intitle:Hong+intitle:Kong&lr=&num=30&as_brr=0&sig=YSlyseZ_8GY1hdC6pe8pvOSXAg4 excerpt and text search]
* Chiu, Stephen, and Tai-Lok Lui. ''Hong Kong: The Global City'' (2009) [http://www.amazon.com/Hong-Kong-Global-Stephen-Chiu/dp/0415220106/ref=sr_1_67?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254795340&sr=1-67 excerpt and text search]
* Fu, Poshek, and David Desser. ''The Cinema of Hong Kong: History, Arts, Identity'' (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Cinema-Hong-Kong-History-Identity/dp/0521776023/ref=sr_1_18?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254795022&sr=1-18 excerpt and text search]
* Ingham, Michael. '' Hong Kong: A Cultural History'' (2007) [http://www.amazon.com/Hong-Kong-Cultural-History-Cityscapes/dp/0195314972/ref=sr_1_50?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254795261&sr=1-50 excerpt and text search]
* Tsang, Steve. ''A Modern History of Hong Kong'' (2007) [http://www.amazon.com/Modern-History-Hong-Kong/dp/1845114191/ref=sr_1_14?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208912427&sr=1-14 excerpt and text search]
* Vickers, Claire. ''Hong Kong - Culture Smart!: a quick guide to customs and etiquette'' (2006) [http://www.amazon.com/Hong-Kong-Culture-customs-etiquette/dp/1857333683/ref=sr_1_12?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208912192&sr=1-12 excerpt and text search]
* Welsh, Frank. ''A Borrowed Place: The History of Hong Kong'' (1993), 624pp readable and well-researched history
* Wright, Rachel. ''Living and Working in Hong Kong: The Complete Practical Guide to Expatriate Life in China's Gateway'' (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Living-Working-Hong-Kong-Expatriate/dp/1845281950/ref=sr_1_24?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208912427&sr=1-24 excerpt and text search]

===Primary sources===
* Endacott, G. B., ed. '' An Eastern Entrepot: A Collection of Documents Illustrating the History of Hong Kong'' (1964) 293 pp
* Tsang, Steve. ''Government and Politics: A Documentary History of Hong Kong.'' (1995), 312pp [http://www.questia.com/read/14561367?title=Government%20and%20Politics%3a%20A%20Documentary%20History%20of%20Hong%20Kong online edition]

==See also==
*[[Canton]]

== References ==

<references/>

{| style="width: 100%; background:transparent; border: 2px solid #000099;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1"
!colspan=2 style="width: 100%; text-align: center; background-color: #000088; color: white; "|'''Copyright Details'''
|-
!style="background-color: #000088; color:white;"|License:
|style=" background-color: none;"| Some content for this article is in the [[Public Domain]] in the United States because it is a work of the United States Federal Government under the terms of Title 17, Chapter 1, Section 105 of the U.S. Code
|-
!style=" background-color: #000088; color:white;"|Source:
|style="background-color: none;border-top: 2px solid black"| File available from the {{{1|[[United States Federal Government]] [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2747.htm]}}}.
|}

[[Category:Chinese Cities and Towns]]
[[Category:Chinese History]]
[[Category:British Empire]]

Hong Kong

2015-09-25T17:44:57Z

Bauhaus:

{{Country
|name =香港 ''Xiānggǎng Hong Kong''
|map =Hong kong pol98.jpg
|flag =674uygjh.png
|arms =Hong Kong Emblem.png
|capital =
|capital-raw =
|government =Special Administrative Region
|government-raw =
|language = Cantonese, English
|king =
|queen =
|monarch-raw =
|chief Executive = Leung Cheng Ying
|president-raw =
|chancellor =
|chancellor-raw =
|pm =
|pm-raw =
|area =426.4 sq. miles
|pop =6.92 million
|pop-basis =2007
|gdp =$188.8 billion
|gdp-year =2006
|gdp-pc =$27,600
|currency =Hong Kong dollar
|idd =
|tld =
}}

'''Hong Kong''' ([[Traditional Chinese]] and [[Simplified Chinese]]: 香港; [[Hanyu Pinyin]]: Xiānggǎng; [[Jyutping]]: Hoeng1 Gong2) is a [[Special Administrative Region]] of [[China]], situated at the mouth of the [[Pearl River]] in southern China, opposite the former Portuguese possession of [[Macau]]. It consists of Hong Kong, Lamma, Lantau and various smaller islands, and [[Kowloon]] and the [[New Territories]] on the Chinese mainland. The name Hong Kong means ''fragrant harbour''.

From 1841-1997, it was a British colony and the main trading base for the [[British Empire]] in Asia. Despite being handed back to China in 1997, it has remained autonomy under One country, Two systems and being an SAR status. There is a free press but no democracy and no real elections; all major government decisions are made by the government of China.

The population of Hong Kong is about 7 million people. The largest urban areas are Kowloon (With a population about 2 million), Central, Tsuen Wan and Sha Tin. Property prices in Hong Kong's Central District are the second most expensive in the world, after those of central [[Tokyo]].

==People==

Hong Kong's population has increased steadily over the past decade, reaching about 6.92 million in 2007. Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world, with an overall density of some 6,250 people per square kilometer. Cantonese, the official Chinese language in Hong Kong, is spoken by most of the population. English, also an official language, is widely understood, being spoken by more than one-third of the population. Every major religion is practiced freely in Hong Kong. All children are required by law to be in full-time education between the ages of 6 and 15. Preschool education for most children begins at age 3. Primary school begins normally at the age of 6 and lasts for 6 years. At about age 12, children progress to a 3-year course of junior secondary education. Most stay on for a 2-year senior secondary course, while others join full-time vocational training. More than 90% of children complete upper secondary education or equivalent vocational education.
*Population (mid-2007): 6.92 million.
*Population growth rate (2006): 0.6%.
*Ethnic groups: Chinese 95%; other 5%.
*Religions: About 43% participate in some form of religious practice. Christian, about 9.6%.
*Languages: Cantonese (a dialect of Chinese) and English are official.
*Education: Literacy--97.1% (98.7% male, 95.4% female).
*Health (2006): Infant mortality rate--1.8/1,000. Life expectancy--82.6 yrs. (overall); 79.5 yrs. males, 85.6 yrs. females.
*Work force (2007): 3.65 million. Wholesale, retail, and import/export trades and restaurants and hotels--28.8%; finance, insurance, real estate, and business services--13.8%; manufacturing--4.3%.

====The arts====
Hong Kong has the world's third largest film industry after [[Bollywood]] and [[Hollywood]]. Most films are produced in the [[Cantonese]] language, although a few Hong Kong stars, such as [[Jackie Chan]] are known internationally.

==Government and Political Conditions==

The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) is headed by Chief Executive Donald Tsang, who first took office in 2005 and whose current term ends in 2012. The Election Committee that votes on the Chief Executive (CE) is made up of approximately 800 Hong Kong residents from four constituency groups: commercial, industrial, and financial interests; professionals; labor, social services, and religious interests; and the legislature, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and the P.R.C. National People's Congress.
[[File:Government House Hong Kong.jpg|thumb|left|360px|Government House.]]
In December 2006, pro-democracy Civic Party legislator Alan Leong garnered 134 nominations from the Election Committee, enabling Leong to challenge incumbent CE Tsang's bid for a new five-year term in 2007. Tsang, with solid support from the pro-government and pro-business sectors, won the March 25, 2007 Election Committee vote with 649 of the 795 votes. Leong garnered 123 votes.

In July 2002, the Hong Kong Government implemented the Principal Officials Accountability System, which was designed to make the government more responsive to public concerns. Twelve political appointees, directly responsible to the Chief Executive, run the 12 policy bureaus. Three other senior civil service positions--the Chief Secretary, Financial Secretary, and Justice Secretary--are also filled by political appointments.

While Hong Kong remains a free and open society where human rights are respected, courts are independent, and there is well-established respect for the rule of law, residents are limited in their ability to change their government, and the legislature is limited in its power to affect government policies. The September 12, 2004 Legislative Council (Legco) elections were seen as generally free, open, and widely contested, although Hong Kong groups have alleged voter intimidation, manipulation, or pressure in connection with them.

In December 2005 the Legco rejected a Hong Kong Government-proposed package of incremental reforms to the mechanisms for choosing the CE in 2007 and forming the Legco in 2008. In July 2007, the Hong Kong Government's Commission on Strategic Development issued a Green Paper on Constitutional Development, which set out a myriad of options to reform the CE and Legco electoral mechanisms, with the "ultimate aim" of universal suffrage as prescribed by the Basic Law.

On December 12, 2007, Chief Executive Donald Tsang submitted a report on the Green Paper to the central government. The report said more than half of local people wanted universal suffrage by 2012, but 2017 might be a more realistic date. In December 2007, the P.R.C. National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) issued a decision on Hong Kong's constitutional development which, while ruling out universal suffrage in 2012, appears to open the way for Hong Kong to achieve full universal suffrage for the CE in 2017, and full universal suffrage for Legco sometime thereafter. Any amendments to the Basic Law will require approval by the CE, at least two-thirds of Legco, and then the NPCSC.

In 2011- 2012, the government tried to implement National Education in Hong Kong but failed due to protests. While it may sound good to a [[Conservative]] [[American]], it has a bias slant towards China as it is missing key points in Chinese history like the [[June 4th incident]].

On June 1st 2012, Chief Executive Leung Cheng Ying replaced Donald Tsang as Chief Executive.

On September 28 2014, police fired tear gas onto unarmed protesters that occupied major roads in the city centre. The protests were commonly known as the Umbrella Movement. The protesters were fighting for basic [[Universal Suffrage]] instead of SAR government's view of democracy which selects pro Beijing candidates by using the election committee consisting of 1200 mostly pro Beijing citizens in Hong Kong. Instead of ending the protests, the protests spread to other areas of Hong Kong including Mongkok, a place known for shopping and triad/ gang activity, Tsim Sha Tui, a shopping and tourist district and Causeway Bay, the Hong Kong version of the [[New York]] [[Times Square]]. The protests ended on December 15 2014 due to the lack of support from the Hong Kong public, failed tactics and police clearance of the streets.

===Principal Government Officials (as of 21/07/15)===
*Chief Executive-- Leung Cheng Ying
*Chief Secretary for Administration--Carrie Lam
*Financial Secretary-- John Tsang
*Secretary for Justice-- Rimsky Yuen
*Secretary for Education-- Eddie Ng
*Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development-- Gregory So
*Secretary for Constitutional and Mainland Affairs-- Raymond Tam
*Secretary for Security-- Lai Tung Kwok
*Secretary for Food and Health-- Ko Wing-man
*Secretary for the Civil Service-- Clement Cheung
*Secretary for Home Affairs-- Lau Kong-wah
*Secretary for Labour and Welfare-- Matthew Cheung
*Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury-- Ceajer Chan
*Secretary for Development-- Paul Chan
*Secretary for the Environment-- Wong Kam-sing
*Secretary for Transport and Housing-- Anthony Cheung

===Foreign Relations===
Hong Kong's foreign relations and defense are the responsibility of China. Hong Kong is an independent customs territory and economic entity separate from the rest of China and is able to enter into international agreements on its own behalf in commercial and economic matters. Hong Kong, independently of China, participates as a full member of numerous international economic organizations including the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC), and the Financial Action Task Force (FATF).
[[Image:Hongkong.jpg|center|thumb|950px|The Hong Kong skyline.]]

==Economy==
[[File:Hong Kong Trade Development.JPG|thumb|240px|left|Trade Development Council.]]
Hong Kong is one of the world's most open and dynamic economies. Hong Kong per capita GDP is comparable to other developed countries. Real GDP expanded by 6.8% in 2006 year-on-year, driven by thriving exports, vibrant inbound tourism and strong consumer spending. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused the Hong Kong economy to shrink during the first half of 2003, and property prices had fallen 66% from their late 1997 peak, but have since rebounded by about 84% from that lower base. The unemployment rate declined to 3.6% in September-November 2007, the lowest level since mid-1998. The surplus for fiscal year 2007-08 was $7.5 billion or 4.0% of GDP, attributed to the robust economy, increased corporate profits and salaries, the buoyant stock market, and a stable property market.

Hong Kong enjoys a number of economic strengths, including accumulated public and private wealth from decades of unprecedented growth, a sound banking system, virtually no public debt, a strong legal system, and an able and rigorously enforced anti-corruption regime. The need for economic restructuring poses difficult challenges and choices for the government. Hong Kong is endeavoring to improve its attractiveness as a commercial and trading center, especially after China's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO), and continues to refine its financial architecture. The government is deepening its economic interaction with the Pearl River Delta in an effort to maintain Hong Kong's position as a gateway to China. These efforts include the conclusion of a free trade agreement with China, the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA), which applies zero tariffs to all Hong Kong-origin goods and preferential treatment in 27 service sectors. Hong Kong, along with the Macau SAR, is also participating in a new pan-Pearl River Delta trade block with nine Chinese provinces, which aims to lower trade barriers among members, standardize regulations, and improve infrastructure. U.S. companies have a generally favorable view of Hong Kong's business environment, including its legal system and the free flow of information, low taxation, and infrastructure. The American Chamber of Commerce's annual business confidence survey, released in December 2007, showed 99% of respondents had a "good" or "satisfactory" outlook for 2008. Survey results indicated a positive economic outlook through 2010.

On the international front, Hong Kong is a separate and active member of the WTO and the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, where it is an articulate and effective champion of free markets and the reduction of trade barriers. Hong Kong residents across the political spectrum supported China's accession to the WTO, believing this would open new opportunities on the mainland for local firms and stabilize relations between Hong Kong's two most important trade and investment partners, the United States and China.
*GDP (2006): $188.8 billion.
*GDP real growth rate (2006): 6.8%.
*Per capita GDP (2006): $27,600.
*Natural resources: Outstanding deepwater harbor.
*Industry: Types--textiles, clothing, electronics, plastics, toys, watches, clocks.
*Trade: Exports--$315.5 billion: clothing, electronics, textiles, watches and clocks, office machinery. Imports--$333.3 billion: consumer goods, raw materials and semi-manufactures, capital goods, foodstuffs, fuels.

==History==
[[Image:Old Flag of Hong Kong.png|right|200px|thumb|British Crown Colony flag, in use until 1997]]

When British merchants were forced out of Canton in the 1820s, they began to use Hong Kong harbor for anchorage and storage depots. Hong Kong, with a population of 3600 villagers and 2000 fishermen, came under British control by the Convention of Chuenpi, a treaty with China in 1841, as part of the British conquest during the opium wars British foreign minister Lord Palmerston contemptuously dismissed the place as "a barren island with hardly a house upon it." Its prized harbor was used only by fishermen, pirates, and opium smugglers. However, it soon became a key and Royal Navy coaling station.

By the Treaty of the Bogue (Humen) in 1843, Chinese merchants based in the mainland were allowed free access to Hong Kong for trading purposes. By 1851 the population reached 32,000 (95% Chinese), The Second Anglo-Chinese War (1856-58) resulted in another British victory and led to the secession of the Kowloon Peninsula. Under a convention signed in Peking in 1898, the New Territories — comprising the area north of Kowloon up to the Shum Chun (Shenzhen) River and 235 islands--was leased for 99 years, primarily to forestall French or Russian occupation.

===Business===
In the 19th century the British colony was chiefly a naval base and as an entrepôt for trade with the mainland. An international busineess community grew up; Warren Delano, Jr., grandfather of President [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]], worked in Hong Kong in the 1860s as a partner in the American trading firm of Russell and Company. Jardine Matheson, founded in 1832, was a British partnership that did marketing for correspondent merchants in Britain, India, and parts of south-east Asia. It became active in finance, insurance, and shipping, but its most profitable commodity was opium, which was sold, illegally, in Canton and along the coast of China. In 1843 it moved its headquarters to Hong Kong, signalling the new base for British merchants, who dominated the international trade of south China. They sent teas and silks to Europe, and imported coal, machinery, metals, wines, and liquors. In 2007 Jardine Matheson had revenues of US$ 32 billion, and is the largest employer in HKSAR after the government.<ref> See [http://www.jardines.com/profile/history.html Jardine's History]</ref>
[[File:HK-1850.jpg|thumb|left|280px|The city in 1850.]]
Shortages of arable land, fresh water, forest and mineral resources, and skilled labor appeared to be insuperable barriers to the development of industry. However, Chinese businessmen by the 1880s were creating a distinct cultural-historical role for the colony. They contributed to China's nation-building effort by providing financing and imports China could not secure on its own. Their success made Hong Kong a valued member of the British Empire. By 1900, the colonial government appreciated the Chinese businessmen as more than profit-bound sojourners, but as allies in the struggle for order and stability, not just in Hong Kong and in south China, but in the British empire in Asia. Nationalism does not inevitably pit colonized against colonizers, for Chinese nationalism did not drive the Chinese merchants and intellectuals into opposition; the ideal of a powerful, modern China united them with the British, for both parties realized a strong, modern China meant a commercially vibrant China.

The Chinese nationalists played a major role in service to the Qing dynasty and the succeeding Republican governments, in leading the 1911 revolution and becoming a strategic a haven for Chinese refugees. Hong Kong's philanthropic and relief works, and the commercial and industrial activities of the entrepreneurs were role models for South China. The Chinese business community in Hong Kong, resembled the British business communities there and in Shanghai, which was larger and commercially more important before 1948. Both British and Chinese businessmen were dedicated to opening markets in China, to the point at which Hong Kong Chinese were in a sense both colonized and colonizers. Both groups benefited from their connections in the British Empire, and both were dependent on its power. Members of both societies saw themselves as permanent residents rather than as expatriates or sojourners, but they also continued to send money home to support philanthropic causes and, when necessary, to assist national war efforts. Both British and Chinese could have a number of identities: British or Chinese, imperial, national, and local. Both communities based their local identities on self-images of industriousness, entrepreneurship, and public spirit. London refused demands by British residents for self-government, arguing that saying the 98% Chinese majority would be subject to the control of a small European minority.<ref>John Carroll, "Colonialism, Nationalism, and Difference: Reassessing the Role of Hong Kong in Modern Chinese History." ''Chinese Historical Review'' 2006 13(1): 92-104. Issn: 1547-402x </ref>
[[File:HongKongMap.jpg|right|180px]]
Modernization proceeded rapidly, with the Hong Kong and China Gas Company starting in 1861, the Peak Tram in 1885, the Hongkong Electric Company in 1889, China Light and Power in 1903, the electric tramways in 1904 and the Kowloon-Canton Railway, in 1910. Successive reclamations began in 1851 — notably one completed in 1904 in Central District which produced Chater Road, Connaught Road and Des Voeux Road; and another in Wan Chai between 1921 and 1929.

A representative leader was Sir Kai Ho Kai, (1859-1914), barrister, physician, reformist, revolutionary and essayist. His grandfather was a Protestant printer in Malacca (Malaysia); his father was educated at the Anglo-Chinese College in Malacca and became a Protestant minister in Hong Kong as well as a rich real estate entrepreneur. Ho Kai was one of the first Chinese physicians to be professionally trained in Britain (at Aberdeen University), becoming a central figure in the history of Western medicine in China. His public service on Hong Kong's appointed Legislative Council from 1890 to 1914, his role in helping to found the Tung Wah Hospital, Alice Memorial Hospital, the Hong Kong College of Medicine and the Po Leung Kuk orphanage; he wrote numerous essays on governmental reform.<ref>G. H. Choa, ''The Life and Times of Sir Kai Ho Kai: A Prominent Figure in Nineteenth-Century Hong Kong.'' (2nd ed. 2000) </ref>

===Education and religion===
[[File:Buddhistic Statues Hong Kong.jpg|thumb|340px|Buddhistic Statues.]]
Schooling was not compulsory but the colonial government began annual cash grants in 1847 to schools for the Chinese; there was never any effort to impose English. In 1873, the annual grants were extended to voluntary schools operated by Christian missionaries. College of Medicine for the Chinese, opened in 1887 with [[Sun Yat Sen]] as one of its first two students; it became the University of Hong Kong in 1911 and built arts, engineering and medical faculties. However, throughout the 20th century higher education opportunities were limited.

The Church Missionary Society of the Church of England promoted work in China after 1844. George Smith (1815–1871) was the first bishop of Hong Kong, 1850-64. Smith handled Anglican pastoral and missionary, and directed St. Paul's Missionary College (now St Paul's Boys' School). He spoke Chinese and conducted both Chinese and English services. Smith set up the first mission to seamen in Hong Kong and was president of the Bible Society in Hong Kong. He ordained the first two Chinese deacons in 1863. The governor appointed Smith as chairman of the education committee in 1852 and of its successor, the board of education, in 1860.<ref>Gillian Bickley, "Smith, George (1815–1871)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,'' (Sept 2004); online edn, Jan 2008 </ref>

Frederick Stewart (1836–1889), the first head of the government education department was a Scottish Presbyterian educator who helped structure the educational system 1862-1878. Most residents were too poor to educate their children: school attendance among the farming and large transient fishing communities was irregular and Chinese girls generally were not educated. Stewart passionately valued education for individual fulfillment and only secondly for society's needs. He established, developed, and managed both a school and a system, learning and using spoken Cantonese and written Chinese in his work. In 1873 he established a successful grant-in-aid scheme for non-government schools (generally warmly supported by missionaries) and saw a sharp increase in attendance. In 1889 he supported a successful initiative to extend government Western education taught through English to Chinese girls. His work was enthusiastically supported by the governors Sir Richard MacDonnell and Sir Arthur Kennedy, but his work was obstructed by John Pope-Hennessy, governor 1877-1882. Pope-Hennessy, a highly controversial Irish Catholic hostile to Protestants, favored the Chinese over the British, and faulted the English-language achievements of Stewart's Central School pupils and disapproved of the dual curriculum which was the school's unique and particular strength. Although language policy had been a source of controversy at various times during the 1860s and 1870s, it was not until Pope-Hennessy’s raised the issue that conflict over the roles of English and Chinese in the colony's education system came fully into the open.<ref> Kate Lowe and Eugene McLaughlin. "Sir John Pope Hennessy and the 'native race craze': colonial government in Hong Kong, 1877–1882", ''Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History,'' 20 (1992), 223–47 ·
</ref> In 1883, on the initiative of the Colonial Office, and under a new governor, Sir George Bowen, he was appointed registrar-general and protector of Chinese. In 1887 Stewart was appointed colonial secretary—the head of the permanent civil service—and he occasionally acted as governor. Through his work in setting up a government education system which accommodated the best of two cultures—English and Chinese languages, Western and Chinese curricula, and modern and traditional pedagogies—Stewart made a lasting impact which accelerated the modernization of China. His own educational example, the pedagogical materials he produced, and his graduates all were important. Bilingual and bicultural pupils from the flagship Hong Kong Government Central School for Boys staffed many Hong Kong and imperial institutions; many attended the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese, of which Stewart was the first rector. Several won positions of influence in the imperial Chinese or Hong Kong colonial governments; others, admiring Western ideals, became revolutionaries, most notably Sun Yat Sen, the first president of China.<ref> Gillian Bickley, "Stewart, Frederick (1836–1889)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,'' Sept 2004; online edn, Jan 2008 </ref>

===Great Depression===
In 1932, facing a worldwide [[Great Depression]] and higher tariffs from the United States, the [[British Empire]] decided at the Imperial Economic Conference to protect industry and agriculture in the Empire by raising tariffs on imports from outside the Empire and encouraging colonial entrepreneurs. Since Hong Kong was a free port with no customs duties on imports or exports, industrialisation there was different than in other British colonies, where industry could only be established with the aid of protective tariffs and other government assistance, and where manufactured goods could only be sold in local markets. Hong Kong's industrialization rapidly expanded thanks to the new preference for goods made inside the Empire, and especially to the higher tariffs on Japanese textiles, footwear, and other goods. Chinese entrepreneurs in Hong Kong soon took over from the Japanese as the main competitors of British manufacturers in textiles and rubber footwear. The local and regional market expanded, with 24,000 ocean-going ships clearing the harbor in 1939. The large-scale relocation of industrial enterprises from mainland China began in the late 1930s, and resumed after the war.<ref> Norman Miners, "Industrial Development in the Colonial Empire and the Imperial Economic Conference at Ottawa 1932." ''Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History'' 2002 30(2): 53-76. Issn: 0308-6534 </ref>
===Second World War ===
[[File:VC John Robert Osborn Statue Military of Canada Hong Kong.jpg|thumb|Statue, Military of Canada, Hong Kong's Park.]]
London realized it could never defend the isolated colony against [[Japan]], but had to send forces to maintain imperial prestige. Indian and Canadian troops were sent in 1941 but they lacked training, equipment, and ammunition. They served a sacrificial role, with 6500 imprisoned for the duration, while British Commonwealth forces sought a major victory in North Africa. Refugees pured in from the mainland pushing the population well over one million, with extremely crowded conditions. Japan ruled from December, 1941 to September 1945, a time of hyperinflation and food shortages. Upwards of half the population left for the mainland.<ref> Andrew J. Whitfield, ''Hong Kong, Empire and the Anglo-American Alliance at War, 1941-1945.'' (2001) [http://www.questia.com/read/101710900?title=Hong%20Kong%2c%20Empire%20and%20the%20Anglo-American%20Alliance%20at%20War%2c%201941-45 online edition]</ref>

===Social trends===
Open currency markets and a free trade policy in Hong Kong after World War II gave it great economic advantages over Shanghai, whose government-controlled import-export trade could not compete with the British colony. In the late 1940s thousands of businessmen and professionals from Shanghai and other cities fled to Hong Kong top escape the imminent takeover of China by the Communists.

Despite a low birth rate, Hong Kong's population grew rapidly after 1945, as it became a base for entrepeneurs and a haven for refugees from poverty, war and Communism in China. The population tripled from 600,000 in 1945 to 1.8 million in 1948, then grew to 4 million in 1970 and 5.6 million in 1997. Steady growth continues, reaching 6.9 million in 2006.
[[File:TVB newsroom Hong Kong.jpg|left|TVB newsroom, Hong Kong.]]
The colony's strong high school system produced some of the professionals and skilled workers who contributed to rapid economic development after 1945, but they were outnumbered by new arrivals from China. Hong Kong's open and competitive employment system offered an important channel for upward social mobility, which tended to forestall a growth in class consciousness. Graduates joined an English-speaking elite and took pride in its acquaintance with the British culture. This elite was then incorporated by the British Establishment. This integration reduced potential friction between the colonial government and the local elite, who displayed far less antagonism or demands for independence than elites in other colonies. Demands for political participation emerged in the 1970s, as the colonial government vastly expanded its social service commitments. Its policy of "administrative absorption" encompassed more elites from all social strata. Its image was also improved by attempts to be a "government by consultation," while the threat of a takeover by Communist China undercut demands for autonomy. Economic development consistently raised the people's living standards and lowered their demand for political participation. Hong Kong elites were proud of not being affected by the "British disease," the symptoms of which included too much social welfare, militant trade unionism, frequent labour disputes, and a decline in economic competitiveness, as affected Britain itself in the 1970s. Radical ideologies were unattractive to the community and the Maoist factions gained little support. After 1984 both Britain and China promised more democracy, but as of 2008 there still is little of it.<ref> Joseph Y.S. Cheng, "Elections and Political Parties in Hong Kong's Political Development", ''Journal of Contemporary Asia,'' 2001, 31#3 346-374</ref>

===Economic boom===
[[File:Collage Hong Kong.jpg|right|120px]]
In the 1950s, Hong Kong viewed Guangdong on the mainland as its economic past: an underdeveloped hinterland of cottage industries and peasant agriculture. Guangdong, meanwhile, looked on Hong Kong as its political past: a territory oppressed by colonialism. That is, Hong Kong leaders saw Guangdong as socialist, planned, unfree, and poor. Meanwhile the Commuist leaders in Guangdong saw Hong Kong as colonial, exploitative,class stratified, and dehumanizing.<ref> Seth Harter, "'Time Is Moving Forward, but We Are Moving Faster': Racing towards Modernity in Hong Kong and Guangdong, 1945-1962." (2006). </ref>

The colony experienced some of the highest economic growth rates in world history during the last half of the 20th century. In the 1960s its average annual rate of growth was 13.2%, setting a world record. New factories opened, especially textiles and plastics. A major construction boom continued almost non-stop. In the 1960s the port became as a major center for world trade, exceeding all of China by 30%. It became a major international financial center. Low taxation, a strong currency, and a free currency exchange attracted international banks and foreign investment, although uncertainty regarding the 1997 takeover sent some investors to Canada. In the 1970s the growth rate slowed to a very high 8% annually. Per capita income soared, despite the fast growing population, and was the third highest in Asia by 1980, albeit less than half that of Japan.

In 1971 the colonial government made education compulsory and virtually free. Total school enrollment in 1981 was 1,339,000, but included a mere 16,000 full-time higher education students. In 1989 Governor Edward Youde moved to expand and strengthen higher education in response to public demands. He envision the founding of a world class university, an Asian equivalent of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1991 the colony established the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST). More expansion took place in the 1990s, resulting in nine major centers of higher education, with enrollment expanded by 50%.<ref>Timothy Man-kong Wong, "From Expansion to Repositioning: Recent Changes in Higher Education in Hong Kong," ''China: An International Journal'' 2#1 March 2004, pp. 150-166 in [[Project Muse]]</ref>By 2006 the most prestigious school, the University of Hong Kong, had 11,600 undergraduates, 7,900 postgraduates, and 2,000 MPhil and PhD students.

===1997===
When Britain turned Hong Kong over to China in 1997 it was the most modern colonial metropolis in the world, where robust entrepreneurship flourished under a British legal system providing a high degree of civil liberties for its citizens, but which had never set up a democratic system. Between 1960 and 1982, Hong Kong showed the staggering average growth rate of 7.0% per year, then held at 6.7% annually to 1992. In 1995, Hong Kong's GDP per person (in parity purchasing power) was the third highest in the world.

In 1997, at the end of the 99 year lease, the whole of the Hong Kong territory was returned to China. A "one country, two systems" model for 50 years was promised by China's leader [[Deng Xiaoping]], and the formula was accepted by Britain. Beijing selected the Basic Law Drafting Committee in 1985, making it clear it placed top priority on the stability and prosperity of the territory and that radical political reforms would be unlikely. Of the 59 members there were 23 members from Hong Kong, most of them prominent businessmen and leading professionals. The interests of the Establishment in Hong Kong apparently were assured, as the Chinese authorities were keen to retain Hong Kong's attractiveness to investors. The Basic Law Drafting Committee favoured an "executive-led" system of government for the future HKSAR with power concentrated in the hands of the Chief Executive, rather than the weak Legislative Council.

[[File:HK Bank of China Tower 2008.jpg|thumb|left|HK Bank of China Tower, 2008.]]
The 1985 elections to the colonial Legislative Council involved representation of different interest groups; there were a mere 70,000 eligible voters, of whom only 25,000 voted.The September 1985 elections to the Legislative Council were based on the electoral college, comprising members of the District Boards, the Urban Council and the Provisional Regional Council, and the functional constituencies.[ 10] Qualified voters therefore only numbered about 70,000 and those who actually voted amounted to about 25,000.

To rule after 1997 China created its first Special Administration Region, and as a result, Hong Kong became largely autonomous with its own government and laws, distinct from that of the rest of the People's Republic. All final decisions, however, were made by the government of China, but the influence was light-handed and "soft" before 2003.<ref>Willy Lam, "Beijing's hand in Hong Kong politics," ''Association for Asian Research'' [http://www.asianresearch.org/articles/2153.html June 14, 2004, online]</ref>
===Democratic issues===
On 1 July 2003, over half a million Hong Kong citizens staged a mass protest against the poor governance of the post-handover SAR government. The grievances of the marchers quickly snowballed into a widely backed movement for democracy, and another large rally was held on 1 July 2004. The landslide support for pro-democratic candidates during the local elections held on 23 November 2003 unnerved Beijing over its possible loss of control over Hong Kong. The government of China quickly shifted from a soft-line approach that talked about virtual autonomy to a hard-line approach, attempting to dampen the local democracy movement. Beijing banned universal suffrage for the elections of a Chief Executive in 2007 and a legislature in 2008. There were five fundamental causes of Hong Kong's broad-based demand for full democracy. First economic uncertainly rose sharply after 1999, as the competitiveness of the Hong Kong economy slipped and the transition to a knowledge economy was hindered by stagnant rates of university attendance. Secondly, the level of economic inequality increased,<ref> Li Zhang, "Economic Growth and Income Inequality in Hong Kong: Trends and Explanations," ''China: An International Journal'' 3#1 March 2005, pp. 74-103 in [[Project Muse]]</ref> along with a sense that cronyism was rampant and getting worse. Thirdly the government deficit has soared, leading to cutbacks in government services; by 2003 the government had spent half the financial reserves left by the British, and sold land assets to cover the deficit. At a deeper level citizens are anxious about their lack of voice in an authoritarian polity.<ref> Yushuo Zheng, "Hong Kong's Democrats Stumble," ''Journal of Democracy'' 16#1 January 2005, pp. 138-152 in [[Project Muse]]</ref> The The fifth fundamental problem was the failure of the new "Principal Officials Accountability System" and the growth of popular distrust towards the non-democratic system. <ref> Ming Sing, "The Legitimacy Problem and Democratic Reform in Hong Kong." ''Journal of Contemporary China'' 2006 15(48): 517-532. Issn: 1067-0564 Fulltext: [[Ebsco]]; Christine Loh, and Richard Cullen, "Political Reform in Hong Kong: the Principal Officials Accountability System. The First Year (2002-2003)." ''Journal of Contemporary China'' 2005 14(42): 153-176. Issn: 1067-0564 Fulltext: [[Ebsco]]</ref>

In September 2008, "pandemocrats" as they call themselves, retained the voters’ support during the Legislative Council election. Beijing’s interferences with the elections, though less blatant than those of 2004, unmistakably cast doubt on its sincerity to implement democracy in Hong Kong by 2020. In 2008, Beijing promoted a new wave of pro-Beijing professionals with a stronger and more independent image. The sudden rise and stunning electoral victories of the Social Democrats, who are hallmarked by civil disobedience on behalf of democratic and social reforms, reflect a deepening sense of public despair about the futility of the current political system, and a proliferating radicalism. A decade after the handover of their city to China, Hong Kong’s “pandemocrats” remain able to stand their ground at the ballot box.<ref>Ming Sing, "Hong Kong’s Democrats Hold Their Own," ''Journal of Democracy'', Volume 20, Number 1, January 2009, pp. 98-112 in [[Project MUSE]] </ref>

==Bibliography==
* DK. ''Eyewitness Top 10 Travel Guides: Hong Kong'' (2002) [http://www.amazon.com/Eyewitness-Top-10-Travel-Guides/dp/078948434X/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208912192&sr=1-3 excerpt and text search]
* ''Michelin Guide Hong Kong and Macau'' (2009) [http://www.amazon.com/Michelin-Guide-Hong-Macau-Guides/dp/2067140450/ref=sr_1_25?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254795126&sr=1-25 excerpt and text search]
* ''Frommer's Hong Kong'' by Beth Reiber, (2007) [http://www.amazon.com/Frommers-Hong-Kong-Complete/dp/0470078332/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208912192&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]
* Stone, Andrew. ''Lonely Planet Hong Kong & Macau City Guide'' (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Lonely-Planet-Hong-Macau-Guide/dp/1741046653/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208912192&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* ''Culture Shock! Hong Kong: A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette'' by Betty Wei and Elizabeth Li (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Culture-Shock-Hong-Kong-Etiquette/dp/0761454829/ref=sr_1_43?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254795206&sr=1-43 excerpt and text search]

===History===
* Carroll, John M. '' A Concise History of Hong Kong'' (2007) 270 pages [http://books.google.com/books?id=D37ijXG-FykC&pg=PA87&dq=intitle:A+intitle:history+intitle:of+intitle:Hong+intitle:Kong&lr=&num=30&as_brr=0&sig=YSlyseZ_8GY1hdC6pe8pvOSXAg4 excerpt and text search]
* Chiu, Stephen, and Tai-Lok Lui. ''Hong Kong: The Global City'' (2009) [http://www.amazon.com/Hong-Kong-Global-Stephen-Chiu/dp/0415220106/ref=sr_1_67?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254795340&sr=1-67 excerpt and text search]
* Fu, Poshek, and David Desser. ''The Cinema of Hong Kong: History, Arts, Identity'' (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Cinema-Hong-Kong-History-Identity/dp/0521776023/ref=sr_1_18?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254795022&sr=1-18 excerpt and text search]
* Ingham, Michael. '' Hong Kong: A Cultural History'' (2007) [http://www.amazon.com/Hong-Kong-Cultural-History-Cityscapes/dp/0195314972/ref=sr_1_50?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254795261&sr=1-50 excerpt and text search]
* Tsang, Steve. ''A Modern History of Hong Kong'' (2007) [http://www.amazon.com/Modern-History-Hong-Kong/dp/1845114191/ref=sr_1_14?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208912427&sr=1-14 excerpt and text search]
* Vickers, Claire. ''Hong Kong - Culture Smart!: a quick guide to customs and etiquette'' (2006) [http://www.amazon.com/Hong-Kong-Culture-customs-etiquette/dp/1857333683/ref=sr_1_12?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208912192&sr=1-12 excerpt and text search]
* Welsh, Frank. ''A Borrowed Place: The History of Hong Kong'' (1993), 624pp readable and well-researched history
* Wright, Rachel. ''Living and Working in Hong Kong: The Complete Practical Guide to Expatriate Life in China's Gateway'' (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Living-Working-Hong-Kong-Expatriate/dp/1845281950/ref=sr_1_24?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208912427&sr=1-24 excerpt and text search]

===Primary sources===
* Endacott, G. B., ed. '' An Eastern Entrepot: A Collection of Documents Illustrating the History of Hong Kong'' (1964) 293 pp
* Tsang, Steve. ''Government and Politics: A Documentary History of Hong Kong.'' (1995), 312pp [http://www.questia.com/read/14561367?title=Government%20and%20Politics%3a%20A%20Documentary%20History%20of%20Hong%20Kong online edition]

==See also==
*[[Canton]]

== References ==

<references/>

{| style="width: 100%; background:transparent; border: 2px solid #000099;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1"
!colspan=2 style="width: 100%; text-align: center; background-color: #000088; color: white; "|'''Copyright Details'''
|-
!style="background-color: #000088; color:white;"|License:
|style=" background-color: none;"| Some content for this article is in the [[Public Domain]] in the United States because it is a work of the United States Federal Government under the terms of Title 17, Chapter 1, Section 105 of the U.S. Code
|-
!style=" background-color: #000088; color:white;"|Source:
|style="background-color: none;border-top: 2px solid black"| File available from the {{{1|[[United States Federal Government]] [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2747.htm]}}}.
|}

[[Category:Chinese Cities and Towns]]
[[Category:Chinese History]]
[[Category:British Empire]]

Hong Kong

2015-09-25T17:43:50Z

Bauhaus:

{{Country
|name =香港 ''Xiānggǎng Hong Kong''
|map =Hong kong pol98.jpg
|flag =674uygjh.png
|arms =Hong Kong Emblem.png
|capital =
|capital-raw =
|government =Special Administrative Region
|government-raw =
|language = Cantonese, English
|king =
|queen =
|monarch-raw =
|Chief Executive = Leung Cheng Ying
|president-raw =
|chancellor =
|chancellor-raw =
|pm =
|pm-raw =
|area =426.4 sq. miles
|pop =6.92 million
|pop-basis =2007
|gdp =$188.8 billion
|gdp-year =2006
|gdp-pc =$27,600
|currency =Hong Kong dollar
|idd =
|tld =
}}

'''Hong Kong''' ([[Traditional Chinese]] and [[Simplified Chinese]]: 香港; [[Hanyu Pinyin]]: Xiānggǎng; [[Jyutping]]: Hoeng1 Gong2) is a [[Special Administrative Region]] of [[China]], situated at the mouth of the [[Pearl River]] in southern China, opposite the former Portuguese possession of [[Macau]]. It consists of Hong Kong, Lamma, Lantau and various smaller islands, and [[Kowloon]] and the [[New Territories]] on the Chinese mainland. The name Hong Kong means ''fragrant harbour''.

From 1841-1997, it was a British colony and the main trading base for the [[British Empire]] in Asia. Despite being handed back to China in 1997, it has remained autonomy under One country, Two systems and being an SAR status. There is a free press but no democracy and no real elections; all major government decisions are made by the government of China.

The population of Hong Kong is about 7 million people. The largest urban areas are Kowloon (With a population about 2 million), Central, Tsuen Wan and Sha Tin. Property prices in Hong Kong's Central District are the second most expensive in the world, after those of central [[Tokyo]].

==People==

Hong Kong's population has increased steadily over the past decade, reaching about 6.92 million in 2007. Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world, with an overall density of some 6,250 people per square kilometer. Cantonese, the official Chinese language in Hong Kong, is spoken by most of the population. English, also an official language, is widely understood, being spoken by more than one-third of the population. Every major religion is practiced freely in Hong Kong. All children are required by law to be in full-time education between the ages of 6 and 15. Preschool education for most children begins at age 3. Primary school begins normally at the age of 6 and lasts for 6 years. At about age 12, children progress to a 3-year course of junior secondary education. Most stay on for a 2-year senior secondary course, while others join full-time vocational training. More than 90% of children complete upper secondary education or equivalent vocational education.
*Population (mid-2007): 6.92 million.
*Population growth rate (2006): 0.6%.
*Ethnic groups: Chinese 95%; other 5%.
*Religions: About 43% participate in some form of religious practice. Christian, about 9.6%.
*Languages: Cantonese (a dialect of Chinese) and English are official.
*Education: Literacy--97.1% (98.7% male, 95.4% female).
*Health (2006): Infant mortality rate--1.8/1,000. Life expectancy--82.6 yrs. (overall); 79.5 yrs. males, 85.6 yrs. females.
*Work force (2007): 3.65 million. Wholesale, retail, and import/export trades and restaurants and hotels--28.8%; finance, insurance, real estate, and business services--13.8%; manufacturing--4.3%.

====The arts====
Hong Kong has the world's third largest film industry after [[Bollywood]] and [[Hollywood]]. Most films are produced in the [[Cantonese]] language, although a few Hong Kong stars, such as [[Jackie Chan]] are known internationally.

==Government and Political Conditions==

The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) is headed by Chief Executive Donald Tsang, who first took office in 2005 and whose current term ends in 2012. The Election Committee that votes on the Chief Executive (CE) is made up of approximately 800 Hong Kong residents from four constituency groups: commercial, industrial, and financial interests; professionals; labor, social services, and religious interests; and the legislature, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and the P.R.C. National People's Congress.
[[File:Government House Hong Kong.jpg|thumb|left|360px|Government House.]]
In December 2006, pro-democracy Civic Party legislator Alan Leong garnered 134 nominations from the Election Committee, enabling Leong to challenge incumbent CE Tsang's bid for a new five-year term in 2007. Tsang, with solid support from the pro-government and pro-business sectors, won the March 25, 2007 Election Committee vote with 649 of the 795 votes. Leong garnered 123 votes.

In July 2002, the Hong Kong Government implemented the Principal Officials Accountability System, which was designed to make the government more responsive to public concerns. Twelve political appointees, directly responsible to the Chief Executive, run the 12 policy bureaus. Three other senior civil service positions--the Chief Secretary, Financial Secretary, and Justice Secretary--are also filled by political appointments.

While Hong Kong remains a free and open society where human rights are respected, courts are independent, and there is well-established respect for the rule of law, residents are limited in their ability to change their government, and the legislature is limited in its power to affect government policies. The September 12, 2004 Legislative Council (Legco) elections were seen as generally free, open, and widely contested, although Hong Kong groups have alleged voter intimidation, manipulation, or pressure in connection with them.

In December 2005 the Legco rejected a Hong Kong Government-proposed package of incremental reforms to the mechanisms for choosing the CE in 2007 and forming the Legco in 2008. In July 2007, the Hong Kong Government's Commission on Strategic Development issued a Green Paper on Constitutional Development, which set out a myriad of options to reform the CE and Legco electoral mechanisms, with the "ultimate aim" of universal suffrage as prescribed by the Basic Law.

On December 12, 2007, Chief Executive Donald Tsang submitted a report on the Green Paper to the central government. The report said more than half of local people wanted universal suffrage by 2012, but 2017 might be a more realistic date. In December 2007, the P.R.C. National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) issued a decision on Hong Kong's constitutional development which, while ruling out universal suffrage in 2012, appears to open the way for Hong Kong to achieve full universal suffrage for the CE in 2017, and full universal suffrage for Legco sometime thereafter. Any amendments to the Basic Law will require approval by the CE, at least two-thirds of Legco, and then the NPCSC.

In 2011- 2012, the government tried to implement National Education in Hong Kong but failed due to protests. While it may sound good to a [[Conservative]] [[American]], it has a bias slant towards China as it is missing key points in Chinese history like the [[June 4th incident]].

On June 1st 2012, Chief Executive Leung Cheng Ying replaced Donald Tsang as Chief Executive.

On September 28 2014, police fired tear gas onto unarmed protesters that occupied major roads in the city centre. The protests were commonly known as the Umbrella Movement. The protesters were fighting for basic [[Universal Suffrage]] instead of SAR government's view of democracy which selects pro Beijing candidates by using the election committee consisting of 1200 mostly pro Beijing citizens in Hong Kong. Instead of ending the protests, the protests spread to other areas of Hong Kong including Mongkok, a place known for shopping and triad/ gang activity, Tsim Sha Tui, a shopping and tourist district and Causeway Bay, the Hong Kong version of the [[New York]] [[Times Square]]. The protests ended on December 15 2014 due to the lack of support from the Hong Kong public, failed tactics and police clearance of the streets.

===Principal Government Officials (as of 21/07/15)===
*Chief Executive-- Leung Cheng Ying
*Chief Secretary for Administration--Carrie Lam
*Financial Secretary-- John Tsang
*Secretary for Justice-- Rimsky Yuen
*Secretary for Education-- Eddie Ng
*Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development-- Gregory So
*Secretary for Constitutional and Mainland Affairs-- Raymond Tam
*Secretary for Security-- Lai Tung Kwok
*Secretary for Food and Health-- Ko Wing-man
*Secretary for the Civil Service-- Clement Cheung
*Secretary for Home Affairs-- Lau Kong-wah
*Secretary for Labour and Welfare-- Matthew Cheung
*Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury-- Ceajer Chan
*Secretary for Development-- Paul Chan
*Secretary for the Environment-- Wong Kam-sing
*Secretary for Transport and Housing-- Anthony Cheung

===Foreign Relations===
Hong Kong's foreign relations and defense are the responsibility of China. Hong Kong is an independent customs territory and economic entity separate from the rest of China and is able to enter into international agreements on its own behalf in commercial and economic matters. Hong Kong, independently of China, participates as a full member of numerous international economic organizations including the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC), and the Financial Action Task Force (FATF).
[[Image:Hongkong.jpg|center|thumb|950px|The Hong Kong skyline.]]

==Economy==
[[File:Hong Kong Trade Development.JPG|thumb|240px|left|Trade Development Council.]]
Hong Kong is one of the world's most open and dynamic economies. Hong Kong per capita GDP is comparable to other developed countries. Real GDP expanded by 6.8% in 2006 year-on-year, driven by thriving exports, vibrant inbound tourism and strong consumer spending. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused the Hong Kong economy to shrink during the first half of 2003, and property prices had fallen 66% from their late 1997 peak, but have since rebounded by about 84% from that lower base. The unemployment rate declined to 3.6% in September-November 2007, the lowest level since mid-1998. The surplus for fiscal year 2007-08 was $7.5 billion or 4.0% of GDP, attributed to the robust economy, increased corporate profits and salaries, the buoyant stock market, and a stable property market.

Hong Kong enjoys a number of economic strengths, including accumulated public and private wealth from decades of unprecedented growth, a sound banking system, virtually no public debt, a strong legal system, and an able and rigorously enforced anti-corruption regime. The need for economic restructuring poses difficult challenges and choices for the government. Hong Kong is endeavoring to improve its attractiveness as a commercial and trading center, especially after China's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO), and continues to refine its financial architecture. The government is deepening its economic interaction with the Pearl River Delta in an effort to maintain Hong Kong's position as a gateway to China. These efforts include the conclusion of a free trade agreement with China, the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA), which applies zero tariffs to all Hong Kong-origin goods and preferential treatment in 27 service sectors. Hong Kong, along with the Macau SAR, is also participating in a new pan-Pearl River Delta trade block with nine Chinese provinces, which aims to lower trade barriers among members, standardize regulations, and improve infrastructure. U.S. companies have a generally favorable view of Hong Kong's business environment, including its legal system and the free flow of information, low taxation, and infrastructure. The American Chamber of Commerce's annual business confidence survey, released in December 2007, showed 99% of respondents had a "good" or "satisfactory" outlook for 2008. Survey results indicated a positive economic outlook through 2010.

On the international front, Hong Kong is a separate and active member of the WTO and the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, where it is an articulate and effective champion of free markets and the reduction of trade barriers. Hong Kong residents across the political spectrum supported China's accession to the WTO, believing this would open new opportunities on the mainland for local firms and stabilize relations between Hong Kong's two most important trade and investment partners, the United States and China.
*GDP (2006): $188.8 billion.
*GDP real growth rate (2006): 6.8%.
*Per capita GDP (2006): $27,600.
*Natural resources: Outstanding deepwater harbor.
*Industry: Types--textiles, clothing, electronics, plastics, toys, watches, clocks.
*Trade: Exports--$315.5 billion: clothing, electronics, textiles, watches and clocks, office machinery. Imports--$333.3 billion: consumer goods, raw materials and semi-manufactures, capital goods, foodstuffs, fuels.

==History==
[[Image:Old Flag of Hong Kong.png|right|200px|thumb|British Crown Colony flag, in use until 1997]]

When British merchants were forced out of Canton in the 1820s, they began to use Hong Kong harbor for anchorage and storage depots. Hong Kong, with a population of 3600 villagers and 2000 fishermen, came under British control by the Convention of Chuenpi, a treaty with China in 1841, as part of the British conquest during the opium wars British foreign minister Lord Palmerston contemptuously dismissed the place as "a barren island with hardly a house upon it." Its prized harbor was used only by fishermen, pirates, and opium smugglers. However, it soon became a key and Royal Navy coaling station.

By the Treaty of the Bogue (Humen) in 1843, Chinese merchants based in the mainland were allowed free access to Hong Kong for trading purposes. By 1851 the population reached 32,000 (95% Chinese), The Second Anglo-Chinese War (1856-58) resulted in another British victory and led to the secession of the Kowloon Peninsula. Under a convention signed in Peking in 1898, the New Territories — comprising the area north of Kowloon up to the Shum Chun (Shenzhen) River and 235 islands--was leased for 99 years, primarily to forestall French or Russian occupation.

===Business===
In the 19th century the British colony was chiefly a naval base and as an entrepôt for trade with the mainland. An international busineess community grew up; Warren Delano, Jr., grandfather of President [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]], worked in Hong Kong in the 1860s as a partner in the American trading firm of Russell and Company. Jardine Matheson, founded in 1832, was a British partnership that did marketing for correspondent merchants in Britain, India, and parts of south-east Asia. It became active in finance, insurance, and shipping, but its most profitable commodity was opium, which was sold, illegally, in Canton and along the coast of China. In 1843 it moved its headquarters to Hong Kong, signalling the new base for British merchants, who dominated the international trade of south China. They sent teas and silks to Europe, and imported coal, machinery, metals, wines, and liquors. In 2007 Jardine Matheson had revenues of US$ 32 billion, and is the largest employer in HKSAR after the government.<ref> See [http://www.jardines.com/profile/history.html Jardine's History]</ref>
[[File:HK-1850.jpg|thumb|left|280px|The city in 1850.]]
Shortages of arable land, fresh water, forest and mineral resources, and skilled labor appeared to be insuperable barriers to the development of industry. However, Chinese businessmen by the 1880s were creating a distinct cultural-historical role for the colony. They contributed to China's nation-building effort by providing financing and imports China could not secure on its own. Their success made Hong Kong a valued member of the British Empire. By 1900, the colonial government appreciated the Chinese businessmen as more than profit-bound sojourners, but as allies in the struggle for order and stability, not just in Hong Kong and in south China, but in the British empire in Asia. Nationalism does not inevitably pit colonized against colonizers, for Chinese nationalism did not drive the Chinese merchants and intellectuals into opposition; the ideal of a powerful, modern China united them with the British, for both parties realized a strong, modern China meant a commercially vibrant China.

The Chinese nationalists played a major role in service to the Qing dynasty and the succeeding Republican governments, in leading the 1911 revolution and becoming a strategic a haven for Chinese refugees. Hong Kong's philanthropic and relief works, and the commercial and industrial activities of the entrepreneurs were role models for South China. The Chinese business community in Hong Kong, resembled the British business communities there and in Shanghai, which was larger and commercially more important before 1948. Both British and Chinese businessmen were dedicated to opening markets in China, to the point at which Hong Kong Chinese were in a sense both colonized and colonizers. Both groups benefited from their connections in the British Empire, and both were dependent on its power. Members of both societies saw themselves as permanent residents rather than as expatriates or sojourners, but they also continued to send money home to support philanthropic causes and, when necessary, to assist national war efforts. Both British and Chinese could have a number of identities: British or Chinese, imperial, national, and local. Both communities based their local identities on self-images of industriousness, entrepreneurship, and public spirit. London refused demands by British residents for self-government, arguing that saying the 98% Chinese majority would be subject to the control of a small European minority.<ref>John Carroll, "Colonialism, Nationalism, and Difference: Reassessing the Role of Hong Kong in Modern Chinese History." ''Chinese Historical Review'' 2006 13(1): 92-104. Issn: 1547-402x </ref>
[[File:HongKongMap.jpg|right|180px]]
Modernization proceeded rapidly, with the Hong Kong and China Gas Company starting in 1861, the Peak Tram in 1885, the Hongkong Electric Company in 1889, China Light and Power in 1903, the electric tramways in 1904 and the Kowloon-Canton Railway, in 1910. Successive reclamations began in 1851 — notably one completed in 1904 in Central District which produced Chater Road, Connaught Road and Des Voeux Road; and another in Wan Chai between 1921 and 1929.

A representative leader was Sir Kai Ho Kai, (1859-1914), barrister, physician, reformist, revolutionary and essayist. His grandfather was a Protestant printer in Malacca (Malaysia); his father was educated at the Anglo-Chinese College in Malacca and became a Protestant minister in Hong Kong as well as a rich real estate entrepreneur. Ho Kai was one of the first Chinese physicians to be professionally trained in Britain (at Aberdeen University), becoming a central figure in the history of Western medicine in China. His public service on Hong Kong's appointed Legislative Council from 1890 to 1914, his role in helping to found the Tung Wah Hospital, Alice Memorial Hospital, the Hong Kong College of Medicine and the Po Leung Kuk orphanage; he wrote numerous essays on governmental reform.<ref>G. H. Choa, ''The Life and Times of Sir Kai Ho Kai: A Prominent Figure in Nineteenth-Century Hong Kong.'' (2nd ed. 2000) </ref>

===Education and religion===
[[File:Buddhistic Statues Hong Kong.jpg|thumb|340px|Buddhistic Statues.]]
Schooling was not compulsory but the colonial government began annual cash grants in 1847 to schools for the Chinese; there was never any effort to impose English. In 1873, the annual grants were extended to voluntary schools operated by Christian missionaries. College of Medicine for the Chinese, opened in 1887 with [[Sun Yat Sen]] as one of its first two students; it became the University of Hong Kong in 1911 and built arts, engineering and medical faculties. However, throughout the 20th century higher education opportunities were limited.

The Church Missionary Society of the Church of England promoted work in China after 1844. George Smith (1815–1871) was the first bishop of Hong Kong, 1850-64. Smith handled Anglican pastoral and missionary, and directed St. Paul's Missionary College (now St Paul's Boys' School). He spoke Chinese and conducted both Chinese and English services. Smith set up the first mission to seamen in Hong Kong and was president of the Bible Society in Hong Kong. He ordained the first two Chinese deacons in 1863. The governor appointed Smith as chairman of the education committee in 1852 and of its successor, the board of education, in 1860.<ref>Gillian Bickley, "Smith, George (1815–1871)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,'' (Sept 2004); online edn, Jan 2008 </ref>

Frederick Stewart (1836–1889), the first head of the government education department was a Scottish Presbyterian educator who helped structure the educational system 1862-1878. Most residents were too poor to educate their children: school attendance among the farming and large transient fishing communities was irregular and Chinese girls generally were not educated. Stewart passionately valued education for individual fulfillment and only secondly for society's needs. He established, developed, and managed both a school and a system, learning and using spoken Cantonese and written Chinese in his work. In 1873 he established a successful grant-in-aid scheme for non-government schools (generally warmly supported by missionaries) and saw a sharp increase in attendance. In 1889 he supported a successful initiative to extend government Western education taught through English to Chinese girls. His work was enthusiastically supported by the governors Sir Richard MacDonnell and Sir Arthur Kennedy, but his work was obstructed by John Pope-Hennessy, governor 1877-1882. Pope-Hennessy, a highly controversial Irish Catholic hostile to Protestants, favored the Chinese over the British, and faulted the English-language achievements of Stewart's Central School pupils and disapproved of the dual curriculum which was the school's unique and particular strength. Although language policy had been a source of controversy at various times during the 1860s and 1870s, it was not until Pope-Hennessy’s raised the issue that conflict over the roles of English and Chinese in the colony's education system came fully into the open.<ref> Kate Lowe and Eugene McLaughlin. "Sir John Pope Hennessy and the 'native race craze': colonial government in Hong Kong, 1877–1882", ''Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History,'' 20 (1992), 223–47 ·
</ref> In 1883, on the initiative of the Colonial Office, and under a new governor, Sir George Bowen, he was appointed registrar-general and protector of Chinese. In 1887 Stewart was appointed colonial secretary—the head of the permanent civil service—and he occasionally acted as governor. Through his work in setting up a government education system which accommodated the best of two cultures—English and Chinese languages, Western and Chinese curricula, and modern and traditional pedagogies—Stewart made a lasting impact which accelerated the modernization of China. His own educational example, the pedagogical materials he produced, and his graduates all were important. Bilingual and bicultural pupils from the flagship Hong Kong Government Central School for Boys staffed many Hong Kong and imperial institutions; many attended the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese, of which Stewart was the first rector. Several won positions of influence in the imperial Chinese or Hong Kong colonial governments; others, admiring Western ideals, became revolutionaries, most notably Sun Yat Sen, the first president of China.<ref> Gillian Bickley, "Stewart, Frederick (1836–1889)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,'' Sept 2004; online edn, Jan 2008 </ref>

===Great Depression===
In 1932, facing a worldwide [[Great Depression]] and higher tariffs from the United States, the [[British Empire]] decided at the Imperial Economic Conference to protect industry and agriculture in the Empire by raising tariffs on imports from outside the Empire and encouraging colonial entrepreneurs. Since Hong Kong was a free port with no customs duties on imports or exports, industrialisation there was different than in other British colonies, where industry could only be established with the aid of protective tariffs and other government assistance, and where manufactured goods could only be sold in local markets. Hong Kong's industrialization rapidly expanded thanks to the new preference for goods made inside the Empire, and especially to the higher tariffs on Japanese textiles, footwear, and other goods. Chinese entrepreneurs in Hong Kong soon took over from the Japanese as the main competitors of British manufacturers in textiles and rubber footwear. The local and regional market expanded, with 24,000 ocean-going ships clearing the harbor in 1939. The large-scale relocation of industrial enterprises from mainland China began in the late 1930s, and resumed after the war.<ref> Norman Miners, "Industrial Development in the Colonial Empire and the Imperial Economic Conference at Ottawa 1932." ''Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History'' 2002 30(2): 53-76. Issn: 0308-6534 </ref>
===Second World War ===
[[File:VC John Robert Osborn Statue Military of Canada Hong Kong.jpg|thumb|Statue, Military of Canada, Hong Kong's Park.]]
London realized it could never defend the isolated colony against [[Japan]], but had to send forces to maintain imperial prestige. Indian and Canadian troops were sent in 1941 but they lacked training, equipment, and ammunition. They served a sacrificial role, with 6500 imprisoned for the duration, while British Commonwealth forces sought a major victory in North Africa. Refugees pured in from the mainland pushing the population well over one million, with extremely crowded conditions. Japan ruled from December, 1941 to September 1945, a time of hyperinflation and food shortages. Upwards of half the population left for the mainland.<ref> Andrew J. Whitfield, ''Hong Kong, Empire and the Anglo-American Alliance at War, 1941-1945.'' (2001) [http://www.questia.com/read/101710900?title=Hong%20Kong%2c%20Empire%20and%20the%20Anglo-American%20Alliance%20at%20War%2c%201941-45 online edition]</ref>

===Social trends===
Open currency markets and a free trade policy in Hong Kong after World War II gave it great economic advantages over Shanghai, whose government-controlled import-export trade could not compete with the British colony. In the late 1940s thousands of businessmen and professionals from Shanghai and other cities fled to Hong Kong top escape the imminent takeover of China by the Communists.

Despite a low birth rate, Hong Kong's population grew rapidly after 1945, as it became a base for entrepeneurs and a haven for refugees from poverty, war and Communism in China. The population tripled from 600,000 in 1945 to 1.8 million in 1948, then grew to 4 million in 1970 and 5.6 million in 1997. Steady growth continues, reaching 6.9 million in 2006.
[[File:TVB newsroom Hong Kong.jpg|left|TVB newsroom, Hong Kong.]]
The colony's strong high school system produced some of the professionals and skilled workers who contributed to rapid economic development after 1945, but they were outnumbered by new arrivals from China. Hong Kong's open and competitive employment system offered an important channel for upward social mobility, which tended to forestall a growth in class consciousness. Graduates joined an English-speaking elite and took pride in its acquaintance with the British culture. This elite was then incorporated by the British Establishment. This integration reduced potential friction between the colonial government and the local elite, who displayed far less antagonism or demands for independence than elites in other colonies. Demands for political participation emerged in the 1970s, as the colonial government vastly expanded its social service commitments. Its policy of "administrative absorption" encompassed more elites from all social strata. Its image was also improved by attempts to be a "government by consultation," while the threat of a takeover by Communist China undercut demands for autonomy. Economic development consistently raised the people's living standards and lowered their demand for political participation. Hong Kong elites were proud of not being affected by the "British disease," the symptoms of which included too much social welfare, militant trade unionism, frequent labour disputes, and a decline in economic competitiveness, as affected Britain itself in the 1970s. Radical ideologies were unattractive to the community and the Maoist factions gained little support. After 1984 both Britain and China promised more democracy, but as of 2008 there still is little of it.<ref> Joseph Y.S. Cheng, "Elections and Political Parties in Hong Kong's Political Development", ''Journal of Contemporary Asia,'' 2001, 31#3 346-374</ref>

===Economic boom===
[[File:Collage Hong Kong.jpg|right|120px]]
In the 1950s, Hong Kong viewed Guangdong on the mainland as its economic past: an underdeveloped hinterland of cottage industries and peasant agriculture. Guangdong, meanwhile, looked on Hong Kong as its political past: a territory oppressed by colonialism. That is, Hong Kong leaders saw Guangdong as socialist, planned, unfree, and poor. Meanwhile the Commuist leaders in Guangdong saw Hong Kong as colonial, exploitative,class stratified, and dehumanizing.<ref> Seth Harter, "'Time Is Moving Forward, but We Are Moving Faster': Racing towards Modernity in Hong Kong and Guangdong, 1945-1962." (2006). </ref>

The colony experienced some of the highest economic growth rates in world history during the last half of the 20th century. In the 1960s its average annual rate of growth was 13.2%, setting a world record. New factories opened, especially textiles and plastics. A major construction boom continued almost non-stop. In the 1960s the port became as a major center for world trade, exceeding all of China by 30%. It became a major international financial center. Low taxation, a strong currency, and a free currency exchange attracted international banks and foreign investment, although uncertainty regarding the 1997 takeover sent some investors to Canada. In the 1970s the growth rate slowed to a very high 8% annually. Per capita income soared, despite the fast growing population, and was the third highest in Asia by 1980, albeit less than half that of Japan.

In 1971 the colonial government made education compulsory and virtually free. Total school enrollment in 1981 was 1,339,000, but included a mere 16,000 full-time higher education students. In 1989 Governor Edward Youde moved to expand and strengthen higher education in response to public demands. He envision the founding of a world class university, an Asian equivalent of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1991 the colony established the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST). More expansion took place in the 1990s, resulting in nine major centers of higher education, with enrollment expanded by 50%.<ref>Timothy Man-kong Wong, "From Expansion to Repositioning: Recent Changes in Higher Education in Hong Kong," ''China: An International Journal'' 2#1 March 2004, pp. 150-166 in [[Project Muse]]</ref>By 2006 the most prestigious school, the University of Hong Kong, had 11,600 undergraduates, 7,900 postgraduates, and 2,000 MPhil and PhD students.

===1997===
When Britain turned Hong Kong over to China in 1997 it was the most modern colonial metropolis in the world, where robust entrepreneurship flourished under a British legal system providing a high degree of civil liberties for its citizens, but which had never set up a democratic system. Between 1960 and 1982, Hong Kong showed the staggering average growth rate of 7.0% per year, then held at 6.7% annually to 1992. In 1995, Hong Kong's GDP per person (in parity purchasing power) was the third highest in the world.

In 1997, at the end of the 99 year lease, the whole of the Hong Kong territory was returned to China. A "one country, two systems" model for 50 years was promised by China's leader [[Deng Xiaoping]], and the formula was accepted by Britain. Beijing selected the Basic Law Drafting Committee in 1985, making it clear it placed top priority on the stability and prosperity of the territory and that radical political reforms would be unlikely. Of the 59 members there were 23 members from Hong Kong, most of them prominent businessmen and leading professionals. The interests of the Establishment in Hong Kong apparently were assured, as the Chinese authorities were keen to retain Hong Kong's attractiveness to investors. The Basic Law Drafting Committee favoured an "executive-led" system of government for the future HKSAR with power concentrated in the hands of the Chief Executive, rather than the weak Legislative Council.

[[File:HK Bank of China Tower 2008.jpg|thumb|left|HK Bank of China Tower, 2008.]]
The 1985 elections to the colonial Legislative Council involved representation of different interest groups; there were a mere 70,000 eligible voters, of whom only 25,000 voted.The September 1985 elections to the Legislative Council were based on the electoral college, comprising members of the District Boards, the Urban Council and the Provisional Regional Council, and the functional constituencies.[ 10] Qualified voters therefore only numbered about 70,000 and those who actually voted amounted to about 25,000.

To rule after 1997 China created its first Special Administration Region, and as a result, Hong Kong became largely autonomous with its own government and laws, distinct from that of the rest of the People's Republic. All final decisions, however, were made by the government of China, but the influence was light-handed and "soft" before 2003.<ref>Willy Lam, "Beijing's hand in Hong Kong politics," ''Association for Asian Research'' [http://www.asianresearch.org/articles/2153.html June 14, 2004, online]</ref>
===Democratic issues===
On 1 July 2003, over half a million Hong Kong citizens staged a mass protest against the poor governance of the post-handover SAR government. The grievances of the marchers quickly snowballed into a widely backed movement for democracy, and another large rally was held on 1 July 2004. The landslide support for pro-democratic candidates during the local elections held on 23 November 2003 unnerved Beijing over its possible loss of control over Hong Kong. The government of China quickly shifted from a soft-line approach that talked about virtual autonomy to a hard-line approach, attempting to dampen the local democracy movement. Beijing banned universal suffrage for the elections of a Chief Executive in 2007 and a legislature in 2008. There were five fundamental causes of Hong Kong's broad-based demand for full democracy. First economic uncertainly rose sharply after 1999, as the competitiveness of the Hong Kong economy slipped and the transition to a knowledge economy was hindered by stagnant rates of university attendance. Secondly, the level of economic inequality increased,<ref> Li Zhang, "Economic Growth and Income Inequality in Hong Kong: Trends and Explanations," ''China: An International Journal'' 3#1 March 2005, pp. 74-103 in [[Project Muse]]</ref> along with a sense that cronyism was rampant and getting worse. Thirdly the government deficit has soared, leading to cutbacks in government services; by 2003 the government had spent half the financial reserves left by the British, and sold land assets to cover the deficit. At a deeper level citizens are anxious about their lack of voice in an authoritarian polity.<ref> Yushuo Zheng, "Hong Kong's Democrats Stumble," ''Journal of Democracy'' 16#1 January 2005, pp. 138-152 in [[Project Muse]]</ref> The The fifth fundamental problem was the failure of the new "Principal Officials Accountability System" and the growth of popular distrust towards the non-democratic system. <ref> Ming Sing, "The Legitimacy Problem and Democratic Reform in Hong Kong." ''Journal of Contemporary China'' 2006 15(48): 517-532. Issn: 1067-0564 Fulltext: [[Ebsco]]; Christine Loh, and Richard Cullen, "Political Reform in Hong Kong: the Principal Officials Accountability System. The First Year (2002-2003)." ''Journal of Contemporary China'' 2005 14(42): 153-176. Issn: 1067-0564 Fulltext: [[Ebsco]]</ref>

In September 2008, "pandemocrats" as they call themselves, retained the voters’ support during the Legislative Council election. Beijing’s interferences with the elections, though less blatant than those of 2004, unmistakably cast doubt on its sincerity to implement democracy in Hong Kong by 2020. In 2008, Beijing promoted a new wave of pro-Beijing professionals with a stronger and more independent image. The sudden rise and stunning electoral victories of the Social Democrats, who are hallmarked by civil disobedience on behalf of democratic and social reforms, reflect a deepening sense of public despair about the futility of the current political system, and a proliferating radicalism. A decade after the handover of their city to China, Hong Kong’s “pandemocrats” remain able to stand their ground at the ballot box.<ref>Ming Sing, "Hong Kong’s Democrats Hold Their Own," ''Journal of Democracy'', Volume 20, Number 1, January 2009, pp. 98-112 in [[Project MUSE]] </ref>

==Bibliography==
* DK. ''Eyewitness Top 10 Travel Guides: Hong Kong'' (2002) [http://www.amazon.com/Eyewitness-Top-10-Travel-Guides/dp/078948434X/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208912192&sr=1-3 excerpt and text search]
* ''Michelin Guide Hong Kong and Macau'' (2009) [http://www.amazon.com/Michelin-Guide-Hong-Macau-Guides/dp/2067140450/ref=sr_1_25?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254795126&sr=1-25 excerpt and text search]
* ''Frommer's Hong Kong'' by Beth Reiber, (2007) [http://www.amazon.com/Frommers-Hong-Kong-Complete/dp/0470078332/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208912192&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]
* Stone, Andrew. ''Lonely Planet Hong Kong & Macau City Guide'' (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Lonely-Planet-Hong-Macau-Guide/dp/1741046653/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208912192&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* ''Culture Shock! Hong Kong: A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette'' by Betty Wei and Elizabeth Li (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Culture-Shock-Hong-Kong-Etiquette/dp/0761454829/ref=sr_1_43?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254795206&sr=1-43 excerpt and text search]

===History===
* Carroll, John M. '' A Concise History of Hong Kong'' (2007) 270 pages [http://books.google.com/books?id=D37ijXG-FykC&pg=PA87&dq=intitle:A+intitle:history+intitle:of+intitle:Hong+intitle:Kong&lr=&num=30&as_brr=0&sig=YSlyseZ_8GY1hdC6pe8pvOSXAg4 excerpt and text search]
* Chiu, Stephen, and Tai-Lok Lui. ''Hong Kong: The Global City'' (2009) [http://www.amazon.com/Hong-Kong-Global-Stephen-Chiu/dp/0415220106/ref=sr_1_67?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254795340&sr=1-67 excerpt and text search]
* Fu, Poshek, and David Desser. ''The Cinema of Hong Kong: History, Arts, Identity'' (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Cinema-Hong-Kong-History-Identity/dp/0521776023/ref=sr_1_18?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254795022&sr=1-18 excerpt and text search]
* Ingham, Michael. '' Hong Kong: A Cultural History'' (2007) [http://www.amazon.com/Hong-Kong-Cultural-History-Cityscapes/dp/0195314972/ref=sr_1_50?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254795261&sr=1-50 excerpt and text search]
* Tsang, Steve. ''A Modern History of Hong Kong'' (2007) [http://www.amazon.com/Modern-History-Hong-Kong/dp/1845114191/ref=sr_1_14?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208912427&sr=1-14 excerpt and text search]
* Vickers, Claire. ''Hong Kong - Culture Smart!: a quick guide to customs and etiquette'' (2006) [http://www.amazon.com/Hong-Kong-Culture-customs-etiquette/dp/1857333683/ref=sr_1_12?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208912192&sr=1-12 excerpt and text search]
* Welsh, Frank. ''A Borrowed Place: The History of Hong Kong'' (1993), 624pp readable and well-researched history
* Wright, Rachel. ''Living and Working in Hong Kong: The Complete Practical Guide to Expatriate Life in China's Gateway'' (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Living-Working-Hong-Kong-Expatriate/dp/1845281950/ref=sr_1_24?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208912427&sr=1-24 excerpt and text search]

===Primary sources===
* Endacott, G. B., ed. '' An Eastern Entrepot: A Collection of Documents Illustrating the History of Hong Kong'' (1964) 293 pp
* Tsang, Steve. ''Government and Politics: A Documentary History of Hong Kong.'' (1995), 312pp [http://www.questia.com/read/14561367?title=Government%20and%20Politics%3a%20A%20Documentary%20History%20of%20Hong%20Kong online edition]

==See also==
*[[Canton]]

== References ==

<references/>

{| style="width: 100%; background:transparent; border: 2px solid #000099;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1"
!colspan=2 style="width: 100%; text-align: center; background-color: #000088; color: white; "|'''Copyright Details'''
|-
!style="background-color: #000088; color:white;"|License:
|style=" background-color: none;"| Some content for this article is in the [[Public Domain]] in the United States because it is a work of the United States Federal Government under the terms of Title 17, Chapter 1, Section 105 of the U.S. Code
|-
!style=" background-color: #000088; color:white;"|Source:
|style="background-color: none;border-top: 2px solid black"| File available from the {{{1|[[United States Federal Government]] [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2747.htm]}}}.
|}

[[Category:Chinese Cities and Towns]]
[[Category:Chinese History]]
[[Category:British Empire]]

Hong Kong

2015-09-25T17:28:32Z

Bauhaus:

{{Country
|name =香港 ''Xiānggǎng Hong Kong''
|map =Hong kong pol98.jpg
|flag =674uygjh.png
|arms =Hong Kong Emblem.png
|capital =
|capital-raw =
|government =Special Administrative Region
|government-raw =
|language = Cantonese, English
|king =
|queen =
|monarch-raw =
|Chief Executive = Leung Cheng Ying
|president-raw =
|chancellor =
|chancellor-raw =
|pm =
|pm-raw =
|area =426.4 sq. miles
|pop =6.92 million
|pop-basis =2007
|gdp =$188.8 billion
|gdp-year =2006
|gdp-pc =$27,600
|currency =Hong Kong dollar
|idd =
|tld =
}}

'''Hong Kong''' ([[Traditional Chinese]] and [[Simplified Chinese]]: 香港; [[Hanyu Pinyin]]: Xiānggǎng; [[Jyutping]]: Hoeng1 Gong2) is a [[Special Administrative Region]] of [[China]], situated at the mouth of the [[Pearl River]] in southern China, opposite the former Portuguese possession of [[Macau]]. It consists of Hong Kong, Lamma, Lantau and various smaller islands, and [[Kowloon]] and the [[New Territories]] on the Chinese mainland. The name Hong Kong means ''fragrant harbour''.

From the 1840s to 1997, it was a British colony and the main business base for the [[British Empire]] in East Asia. It is now part of Communist China, with a somewhat separate status. There is a free press but no democracy and no real elections; all major government decisions are made by the government of China.

The population of Hong Kong is about 7 million people. The largest urban areas are Kowloon (With a population about 2 million), Central, Tsuen Wan and Sha Tin. Property prices in Hong Kong's Central District are the second most expensive in the world, after those of central [[Tokyo]].

==People==

Hong Kong's population has increased steadily over the past decade, reaching about 6.92 million in 2007. Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world, with an overall density of some 6,250 people per square kilometer. Cantonese, the official Chinese language in Hong Kong, is spoken by most of the population. English, also an official language, is widely understood, being spoken by more than one-third of the population. Every major religion is practiced freely in Hong Kong. All children are required by law to be in full-time education between the ages of 6 and 15. Preschool education for most children begins at age 3. Primary school begins normally at the age of 6 and lasts for 6 years. At about age 12, children progress to a 3-year course of junior secondary education. Most stay on for a 2-year senior secondary course, while others join full-time vocational training. More than 90% of children complete upper secondary education or equivalent vocational education.
*Population (mid-2007): 6.92 million.
*Population growth rate (2006): 0.6%.
*Ethnic groups: Chinese 95%; other 5%.
*Religions: About 43% participate in some form of religious practice. Christian, about 9.6%.
*Languages: Cantonese (a dialect of Chinese) and English are official.
*Education: Literacy--97.1% (98.7% male, 95.4% female).
*Health (2006): Infant mortality rate--1.8/1,000. Life expectancy--82.6 yrs. (overall); 79.5 yrs. males, 85.6 yrs. females.
*Work force (2007): 3.65 million. Wholesale, retail, and import/export trades and restaurants and hotels--28.8%; finance, insurance, real estate, and business services--13.8%; manufacturing--4.3%.

====The arts====
Hong Kong has the world's third largest film industry after [[Bollywood]] and [[Hollywood]]. Most films are produced in the [[Cantonese]] language, although a few Hong Kong stars, such as [[Jackie Chan]] are known internationally.

==Government and Political Conditions==

The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) is headed by Chief Executive Donald Tsang, who first took office in 2005 and whose current term ends in 2012. The Election Committee that votes on the Chief Executive (CE) is made up of approximately 800 Hong Kong residents from four constituency groups: commercial, industrial, and financial interests; professionals; labor, social services, and religious interests; and the legislature, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and the P.R.C. National People's Congress.
[[File:Government House Hong Kong.jpg|thumb|left|360px|Government House.]]
In December 2006, pro-democracy Civic Party legislator Alan Leong garnered 134 nominations from the Election Committee, enabling Leong to challenge incumbent CE Tsang's bid for a new five-year term in 2007. Tsang, with solid support from the pro-government and pro-business sectors, won the March 25, 2007 Election Committee vote with 649 of the 795 votes. Leong garnered 123 votes.

In July 2002, the Hong Kong Government implemented the Principal Officials Accountability System, which was designed to make the government more responsive to public concerns. Twelve political appointees, directly responsible to the Chief Executive, run the 12 policy bureaus. Three other senior civil service positions--the Chief Secretary, Financial Secretary, and Justice Secretary--are also filled by political appointments.

While Hong Kong remains a free and open society where human rights are respected, courts are independent, and there is well-established respect for the rule of law, residents are limited in their ability to change their government, and the legislature is limited in its power to affect government policies. The September 12, 2004 Legislative Council (Legco) elections were seen as generally free, open, and widely contested, although Hong Kong groups have alleged voter intimidation, manipulation, or pressure in connection with them.

In December 2005 the Legco rejected a Hong Kong Government-proposed package of incremental reforms to the mechanisms for choosing the CE in 2007 and forming the Legco in 2008. In July 2007, the Hong Kong Government's Commission on Strategic Development issued a Green Paper on Constitutional Development, which set out a myriad of options to reform the CE and Legco electoral mechanisms, with the "ultimate aim" of universal suffrage as prescribed by the Basic Law.

On December 12, 2007, Chief Executive Donald Tsang submitted a report on the Green Paper to the central government. The report said more than half of local people wanted universal suffrage by 2012, but 2017 might be a more realistic date. In December 2007, the P.R.C. National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) issued a decision on Hong Kong's constitutional development which, while ruling out universal suffrage in 2012, appears to open the way for Hong Kong to achieve full universal suffrage for the CE in 2017, and full universal suffrage for Legco sometime thereafter. Any amendments to the Basic Law will require approval by the CE, at least two-thirds of Legco, and then the NPCSC.

In 2014, police fired tear gas onto unarmed protesters that occupied major roads in the city centre. The protests were commonly known as the Umbrella Movement. The protesters were fighting for basic [[Universal Suffrage]] instead of SAR government's view of democracy which selects pro Beijing candidates by using the election committee consisting of 1200 mostly pro Beijing citizens in Hong Kong. Instead of ending the protests, the protests spread to other areas of Hong Kong including Mongkok, a place known for shopping and triad/ gang activity, Tsim Sha Tui, a shopping and tourist district and Causeway Bay, the Hong Kong version of the [[New York]] [[Times Square]].

===Principal Government Officials===
*Chief Executive-- Leung Cheng Ying
*Chief Secretary for Administration--Carrie Lam
*Financial Secretary--
*Secretary for Justice--
*Secretary for Education--
*Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development--
*Secretary for Constitutional and Mainland Affairs--
*Secretary for Security--
*Secretary for Food and Health--
*Secretary for the Civil Service--
*Secretary for Home Affairs--
*Secretary for Labour and Welfare--
*Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury--
*Secretary for Development--
*Secretary for the Environment--
*Secretary for Transport and Housing--

===Foreign Relations===
Hong Kong's foreign relations and defense are the responsibility of China. Hong Kong is an independent customs territory and economic entity separate from the rest of China and is able to enter into international agreements on its own behalf in commercial and economic matters. Hong Kong, independently of China, participates as a full member of numerous international economic organizations including the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC), and the Financial Action Task Force (FATF).
[[Image:Hongkong.jpg|center|thumb|950px|The Hong Kong skyline.]]

==Economy==
[[File:Hong Kong Trade Development.JPG|thumb|240px|left|Trade Development Council.]]
Hong Kong is one of the world's most open and dynamic economies. Hong Kong per capita GDP is comparable to other developed countries. Real GDP expanded by 6.8% in 2006 year-on-year, driven by thriving exports, vibrant inbound tourism and strong consumer spending. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused the Hong Kong economy to shrink during the first half of 2003, and property prices had fallen 66% from their late 1997 peak, but have since rebounded by about 84% from that lower base. The unemployment rate declined to 3.6% in September-November 2007, the lowest level since mid-1998. The surplus for fiscal year 2007-08 was $7.5 billion or 4.0% of GDP, attributed to the robust economy, increased corporate profits and salaries, the buoyant stock market, and a stable property market.

Hong Kong enjoys a number of economic strengths, including accumulated public and private wealth from decades of unprecedented growth, a sound banking system, virtually no public debt, a strong legal system, and an able and rigorously enforced anti-corruption regime. The need for economic restructuring poses difficult challenges and choices for the government. Hong Kong is endeavoring to improve its attractiveness as a commercial and trading center, especially after China's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO), and continues to refine its financial architecture. The government is deepening its economic interaction with the Pearl River Delta in an effort to maintain Hong Kong's position as a gateway to China. These efforts include the conclusion of a free trade agreement with China, the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA), which applies zero tariffs to all Hong Kong-origin goods and preferential treatment in 27 service sectors. Hong Kong, along with the Macau SAR, is also participating in a new pan-Pearl River Delta trade block with nine Chinese provinces, which aims to lower trade barriers among members, standardize regulations, and improve infrastructure. U.S. companies have a generally favorable view of Hong Kong's business environment, including its legal system and the free flow of information, low taxation, and infrastructure. The American Chamber of Commerce's annual business confidence survey, released in December 2007, showed 99% of respondents had a "good" or "satisfactory" outlook for 2008. Survey results indicated a positive economic outlook through 2010.

On the international front, Hong Kong is a separate and active member of the WTO and the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, where it is an articulate and effective champion of free markets and the reduction of trade barriers. Hong Kong residents across the political spectrum supported China's accession to the WTO, believing this would open new opportunities on the mainland for local firms and stabilize relations between Hong Kong's two most important trade and investment partners, the United States and China.
*GDP (2006): $188.8 billion.
*GDP real growth rate (2006): 6.8%.
*Per capita GDP (2006): $27,600.
*Natural resources: Outstanding deepwater harbor.
*Industry: Types--textiles, clothing, electronics, plastics, toys, watches, clocks.
*Trade: Exports--$315.5 billion: clothing, electronics, textiles, watches and clocks, office machinery. Imports--$333.3 billion: consumer goods, raw materials and semi-manufactures, capital goods, foodstuffs, fuels.

==History==
[[Image:Old Flag of Hong Kong.png|right|200px|thumb|British Crown Colony flag, in use until 1997]]

When British merchants were forced out of Canton in the 1820s, they began to use Hong Kong harbor for anchorage and storage depots. Hong Kong, with a population of 3600 villagers and 2000 fishermen, came under British control by the Convention of Chuenpi, a treaty with China in 1841, as part of the British conquest during the opium wars British foreign minister Lord Palmerston contemptuously dismissed the place as "a barren island with hardly a house upon it." Its prized harbor was used only by fishermen, pirates, and opium smugglers. However, it soon became a key and Royal Navy coaling station.

By the Treaty of the Bogue (Humen) in 1843, Chinese merchants based in the mainland were allowed free access to Hong Kong for trading purposes. By 1851 the population reached 32,000 (95% Chinese), The Second Anglo-Chinese War (1856-58) resulted in another British victory and led to the secession of the Kowloon Peninsula. Under a convention signed in Peking in 1898, the New Territories — comprising the area north of Kowloon up to the Shum Chun (Shenzhen) River and 235 islands--was leased for 99 years, primarily to forestall French or Russian occupation.

===Business===
In the 19th century the British colony was chiefly a naval base and as an entrepôt for trade with the mainland. An international busineess community grew up; Warren Delano, Jr., grandfather of President [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]], worked in Hong Kong in the 1860s as a partner in the American trading firm of Russell and Company. Jardine Matheson, founded in 1832, was a British partnership that did marketing for correspondent merchants in Britain, India, and parts of south-east Asia. It became active in finance, insurance, and shipping, but its most profitable commodity was opium, which was sold, illegally, in Canton and along the coast of China. In 1843 it moved its headquarters to Hong Kong, signalling the new base for British merchants, who dominated the international trade of south China. They sent teas and silks to Europe, and imported coal, machinery, metals, wines, and liquors. In 2007 Jardine Matheson had revenues of US$ 32 billion, and is the largest employer in HKSAR after the government.<ref> See [http://www.jardines.com/profile/history.html Jardine's History]</ref>
[[File:HK-1850.jpg|thumb|left|280px|The city in 1850.]]
Shortages of arable land, fresh water, forest and mineral resources, and skilled labor appeared to be insuperable barriers to the development of industry. However, Chinese businessmen by the 1880s were creating a distinct cultural-historical role for the colony. They contributed to China's nation-building effort by providing financing and imports China could not secure on its own. Their success made Hong Kong a valued member of the British Empire. By 1900, the colonial government appreciated the Chinese businessmen as more than profit-bound sojourners, but as allies in the struggle for order and stability, not just in Hong Kong and in south China, but in the British empire in Asia. Nationalism does not inevitably pit colonized against colonizers, for Chinese nationalism did not drive the Chinese merchants and intellectuals into opposition; the ideal of a powerful, modern China united them with the British, for both parties realized a strong, modern China meant a commercially vibrant China.

The Chinese nationalists played a major role in service to the Qing dynasty and the succeeding Republican governments, in leading the 1911 revolution and becoming a strategic a haven for Chinese refugees. Hong Kong's philanthropic and relief works, and the commercial and industrial activities of the entrepreneurs were role models for South China. The Chinese business community in Hong Kong, resembled the British business communities there and in Shanghai, which was larger and commercially more important before 1948. Both British and Chinese businessmen were dedicated to opening markets in China, to the point at which Hong Kong Chinese were in a sense both colonized and colonizers. Both groups benefited from their connections in the British Empire, and both were dependent on its power. Members of both societies saw themselves as permanent residents rather than as expatriates or sojourners, but they also continued to send money home to support philanthropic causes and, when necessary, to assist national war efforts. Both British and Chinese could have a number of identities: British or Chinese, imperial, national, and local. Both communities based their local identities on self-images of industriousness, entrepreneurship, and public spirit. London refused demands by British residents for self-government, arguing that saying the 98% Chinese majority would be subject to the control of a small European minority.<ref>John Carroll, "Colonialism, Nationalism, and Difference: Reassessing the Role of Hong Kong in Modern Chinese History." ''Chinese Historical Review'' 2006 13(1): 92-104. Issn: 1547-402x </ref>
[[File:HongKongMap.jpg|right|180px]]
Modernization proceeded rapidly, with the Hong Kong and China Gas Company starting in 1861, the Peak Tram in 1885, the Hongkong Electric Company in 1889, China Light and Power in 1903, the electric tramways in 1904 and the Kowloon-Canton Railway, in 1910. Successive reclamations began in 1851 — notably one completed in 1904 in Central District which produced Chater Road, Connaught Road and Des Voeux Road; and another in Wan Chai between 1921 and 1929.

A representative leader was Sir Kai Ho Kai, (1859-1914), barrister, physician, reformist, revolutionary and essayist. His grandfather was a Protestant printer in Malacca (Malaysia); his father was educated at the Anglo-Chinese College in Malacca and became a Protestant minister in Hong Kong as well as a rich real estate entrepreneur. Ho Kai was one of the first Chinese physicians to be professionally trained in Britain (at Aberdeen University), becoming a central figure in the history of Western medicine in China. His public service on Hong Kong's appointed Legislative Council from 1890 to 1914, his role in helping to found the Tung Wah Hospital, Alice Memorial Hospital, the Hong Kong College of Medicine and the Po Leung Kuk orphanage; he wrote numerous essays on governmental reform.<ref>G. H. Choa, ''The Life and Times of Sir Kai Ho Kai: A Prominent Figure in Nineteenth-Century Hong Kong.'' (2nd ed. 2000) </ref>

===Education and religion===
[[File:Buddhistic Statues Hong Kong.jpg|thumb|340px|Buddhistic Statues.]]
Schooling was not compulsory but the colonial government began annual cash grants in 1847 to schools for the Chinese; there was never any effort to impose English. In 1873, the annual grants were extended to voluntary schools operated by Christian missionaries. College of Medicine for the Chinese, opened in 1887 with [[Sun Yat Sen]] as one of its first two students; it became the University of Hong Kong in 1911 and built arts, engineering and medical faculties. However, throughout the 20th century higher education opportunities were limited.

The Church Missionary Society of the Church of England promoted work in China after 1844. George Smith (1815–1871) was the first bishop of Hong Kong, 1850-64. Smith handled Anglican pastoral and missionary, and directed St. Paul's Missionary College (now St Paul's Boys' School). He spoke Chinese and conducted both Chinese and English services. Smith set up the first mission to seamen in Hong Kong and was president of the Bible Society in Hong Kong. He ordained the first two Chinese deacons in 1863. The governor appointed Smith as chairman of the education committee in 1852 and of its successor, the board of education, in 1860.<ref>Gillian Bickley, "Smith, George (1815–1871)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,'' (Sept 2004); online edn, Jan 2008 </ref>

Frederick Stewart (1836–1889), the first head of the government education department was a Scottish Presbyterian educator who helped structure the educational system 1862-1878. Most residents were too poor to educate their children: school attendance among the farming and large transient fishing communities was irregular and Chinese girls generally were not educated. Stewart passionately valued education for individual fulfillment and only secondly for society's needs. He established, developed, and managed both a school and a system, learning and using spoken Cantonese and written Chinese in his work. In 1873 he established a successful grant-in-aid scheme for non-government schools (generally warmly supported by missionaries) and saw a sharp increase in attendance. In 1889 he supported a successful initiative to extend government Western education taught through English to Chinese girls. His work was enthusiastically supported by the governors Sir Richard MacDonnell and Sir Arthur Kennedy, but his work was obstructed by John Pope-Hennessy, governor 1877-1882. Pope-Hennessy, a highly controversial Irish Catholic hostile to Protestants, favored the Chinese over the British, and faulted the English-language achievements of Stewart's Central School pupils and disapproved of the dual curriculum which was the school's unique and particular strength. Although language policy had been a source of controversy at various times during the 1860s and 1870s, it was not until Pope-Hennessy’s raised the issue that conflict over the roles of English and Chinese in the colony's education system came fully into the open.<ref> Kate Lowe and Eugene McLaughlin. "Sir John Pope Hennessy and the 'native race craze': colonial government in Hong Kong, 1877–1882", ''Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History,'' 20 (1992), 223–47 ·
</ref> In 1883, on the initiative of the Colonial Office, and under a new governor, Sir George Bowen, he was appointed registrar-general and protector of Chinese. In 1887 Stewart was appointed colonial secretary—the head of the permanent civil service—and he occasionally acted as governor. Through his work in setting up a government education system which accommodated the best of two cultures—English and Chinese languages, Western and Chinese curricula, and modern and traditional pedagogies—Stewart made a lasting impact which accelerated the modernization of China. His own educational example, the pedagogical materials he produced, and his graduates all were important. Bilingual and bicultural pupils from the flagship Hong Kong Government Central School for Boys staffed many Hong Kong and imperial institutions; many attended the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese, of which Stewart was the first rector. Several won positions of influence in the imperial Chinese or Hong Kong colonial governments; others, admiring Western ideals, became revolutionaries, most notably Sun Yat Sen, the first president of China.<ref> Gillian Bickley, "Stewart, Frederick (1836–1889)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,'' Sept 2004; online edn, Jan 2008 </ref>

===Great Depression===
In 1932, facing a worldwide [[Great Depression]] and higher tariffs from the United States, the British Commonwealth nations decided at the Imperial Economic Conference to protect industry and agriculture in the Empire by raising tariffs on imports from outside the Empire and encouraging colonial entrepreneurs. Since Hong Kong was a free port with no customs duties on imports or exports, industrialization there was different than in other British colonies, where industry could only be established with the aid of protective tariffs and other government assistance, and where manufactured goods could only be sold in local markets. Hong Kong's industrialization rapidly expanded thanks to the new preference for goods made inside the Empire, and especially to the higher tariffs on Japanese textiles, footwear, and other goods. Chinese entrepreneurs in Hong Kong soon took over from the Japanese as the main competitors of British manufacturers in textiles and rubber footwear. The local and regional market expanded, with 24,000 ocean-going ships clearing the harbor in 1939. The large-scale relocation of industrial enterprises from mainland China began in the late 1930s, and resumed after the war.<ref> Norman Miners, "Industrial Development in the Colonial Empire and the Imperial Economic Conference at Ottawa 1932." ''Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History'' 2002 30(2): 53-76. Issn: 0308-6534 </ref>
===Second World War ===
[[File:VC John Robert Osborn Statue Military of Canada Hong Kong.jpg|thumb|Statue, Military of Canada, Hong Kong's Park.]]
London realized it could never defend the isolated colony against [[Japan]], but had to send forces to maintain imperial prestige. Indian and Canadian troops were sent in 1941 but they lacked training, equipment, and ammunition. They served a sacrificial role, with 6500 imprisoned for the duration, while British Commonwealth forces sought a major victory in North Africa. Refugees pured in from the mainland pushing the population well over one million, with extremely crowded conditions. Japan ruled from December, 1941 to September 1945, a time of hyperinflation and food shortages. Upwards of half the population left for the mainland.<ref> Andrew J. Whitfield, ''Hong Kong, Empire and the Anglo-American Alliance at War, 1941-1945.'' (2001) [http://www.questia.com/read/101710900?title=Hong%20Kong%2c%20Empire%20and%20the%20Anglo-American%20Alliance%20at%20War%2c%201941-45 online edition]</ref>

===Social trends===
Open currency markets and a free trade policy in Hong Kong after World War II gave it great economic advantages over Shanghai, whose government-controlled import-export trade could not compete with the British colony. In the late 1940s thousands of businessmen and professionals from Shanghai and other cities fled to Hong Kong top escape the imminent takeover of China by the Communists.

Despite a low birth rate, Hong Kong's population grew rapidly after 1945, as it became a base for entrepeneurs and a haven for refugees from poverty, war and Communism in China. The population tripled from 600,000 in 1945 to 1.8 million in 1948, then grew to 4 million in 1970 and 5.6 million in 1997. Steady growth continues, reaching 6.9 million in 2006.
[[File:TVB newsroom Hong Kong.jpg|left|TVB newsroom, Hong Kong.]]
The colony's strong high school system produced some of the professionals and skilled workers who contributed to rapid economic development after 1945, but they were outnumbered by new arrivals from China. Hong Kong's open and competitive employment system offered an important channel for upward social mobility, which tended to forestall a growth in class consciousness. Graduates joined an English-speaking elite and took pride in its acquaintance with the British culture. This elite was then incorporated by the British Establishment. This integration reduced potential friction between the colonial government and the local elite, who displayed far less antagonism or demands for independence than elites in other colonies. Demands for political participation emerged in the 1970s, as the colonial government vastly expanded its social service commitments. Its policy of "administrative absorption" encompassed more elites from all social strata. Its image was also improved by attempts to be a "government by consultation," while the threat of a takeover by Communist China undercut demands for autonomy. Economic development consistently raised the people's living standards and lowered their demand for political participation. Hong Kong elites were proud of not being affected by the "British disease," the symptoms of which included too much social welfare, militant trade unionism, frequent labour disputes, and a decline in economic competitiveness, as affected Britain itself in the 1970s. Radical ideologies were unattractive to the community and the Maoist factions gained little support. After 1984 both Britain and China promised more democracy, but as of 2008 there still is little of it.<ref> Joseph Y.S. Cheng, "Elections and Political Parties in Hong Kong's Political Development", ''Journal of Contemporary Asia,'' 2001, 31#3 346-374</ref>

===Economic boom===
[[File:Collage Hong Kong.jpg|right|120px]]
In the 1950s, Hong Kong viewed Guangdong on the mainland as its economic past: an underdeveloped hinterland of cottage industries and peasant agriculture. Guangdong, meanwhile, looked on Hong Kong as its political past: a territory oppressed by colonialism. That is, Hong Kong leaders saw Guangdong as socialist, planned, unfree, and poor. Meanwhile the Commuist leaders in Guangdong saw Hong Kong as colonial, exploitative,class stratified, and dehumanizing.<ref> Seth Harter, "'Time Is Moving Forward, but We Are Moving Faster': Racing towards Modernity in Hong Kong and Guangdong, 1945-1962." (2006). </ref>

The colony experienced some of the highest economic growth rates in world history during the last half of the 20th century. In the 1960s its average annual rate of growth was 13.2%, setting a world record. New factories opened, especially textiles and plastics. A major construction boom continued almost non-stop. In the 1960s the port became as a major center for world trade, exceeding all of China by 30%. It became a major international financial center. Low taxation, a strong currency, and a free currency exchange attracted international banks and foreign investment, although uncertainty regarding the 1997 takeover sent some investors to Canada. In the 1970s the growth rate slowed to a very high 8% annually. Per capita income soared, despite the fast growing population, and was the third highest in Asia by 1980, albeit less than half that of Japan.

In 1971 the colonial government made education compulsory and virtually free. Total school enrollment in 1981 was 1,339,000, but included a mere 16,000 full-time higher education students. In 1989 Governor Edward Youde moved to expand and strengthen higher education in response to public demands. He envision the founding of a world class university, an Asian equivalent of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1991 the colony established the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST). More expansion took place in the 1990s, resulting in nine major centers of higher education, with enrollment expanded by 50%.<ref>Timothy Man-kong Wong, "From Expansion to Repositioning: Recent Changes in Higher Education in Hong Kong," ''China: An International Journal'' 2#1 March 2004, pp. 150-166 in [[Project Muse]]</ref>By 2006 the most prestigious school, the University of Hong Kong, had 11,600 undergraduates, 7,900 postgraduates, and 2,000 MPhil and PhD students.

===1997===
When Britain turned Hong Kong over to China in 1997 it was the most modern colonial metropolis in the world, where robust entrepreneurship flourished under a British legal system providing a high degree of civil liberties for its citizens, but which had never set up a democratic system. Between 1960 and 1982, Hong Kong showed the staggering average growth rate of 7.0% per year, then held at 6.7% annually to 1992. In 1995, Hong Kong's GDP per person (in parity purchasing power) was the third highest in the world.

In 1997, at the end of the 99 year lease, the whole of the Hong Kong territory was returned to China. A "one country, two systems" model for 50 years was promised by China's leader [[Deng Xiaoping]], and the formula was accepted by Britain. Beijing selected the Basic Law Drafting Committee in 1985, making it clear it placed top priority on the stability and prosperity of the territory and that radical political reforms would be unlikely. Of the 59 members there were 23 members from Hong Kong, most of them prominent businessmen and leading professionals. The interests of the Establishment in Hong Kong apparently were assured, as the Chinese authorities were keen to retain Hong Kong's attractiveness to investors. The Basic Law Drafting Committee favoured an "executive-led" system of government for the future HKSAR with power concentrated in the hands of the Chief Executive, rather than the weak Legislative Council.

[[File:HK Bank of China Tower 2008.jpg|thumb|left|HK Bank of China Tower, 2008.]]
The 1985 elections to the colonial Legislative Council involved representation of different interest groups; there were a mere 70,000 eligible voters, of whom only 25,000 voted.The September 1985 elections to the Legislative Council were based on the electoral college, comprising members of the District Boards, the Urban Council and the Provisional Regional Council, and the functional constituencies.[ 10] Qualified voters therefore only numbered about 70,000 and those who actually voted amounted to about 25,000.

To rule after 1997 China created its first Special Administration Region, and as a result, Hong Kong became largely autonomous with its own government and laws, distinct from that of the rest of the People's Republic. All final decisions, however, were made by the government of China, but the influence was light-handed and "soft" before 2003.<ref>Willy Lam, "Beijing's hand in Hong Kong politics," ''Association for Asian Research'' [http://www.asianresearch.org/articles/2153.html June 14, 2004, online]</ref>
===Democratic issues===
On 1 July 2003, over half a million Hong Kong citizens staged a mass protest against the poor governance of the post-handover SAR government. The grievances of the marchers quickly snowballed into a widely backed movement for democracy, and another large rally was held on 1 July 2004. The landslide support for pro-democratic candidates during the local elections held on 23 November 2003 unnerved Beijing over its possible loss of control over Hong Kong. The government of China quickly shifted from a soft-line approach that talked about virtual autonomy to a hard-line approach, attempting to dampen the local democracy movement. Beijing banned universal suffrage for the elections of a Chief Executive in 2007 and a legislature in 2008. There were five fundamental causes of Hong Kong's broad-based demand for full democracy. First economic uncertainly rose sharply after 1999, as the competitiveness of the Hong Kong economy slipped and the transition to a knowledge economy was hindered by stagnant rates of university attendance. Secondly, the level of economic inequality increased,<ref> Li Zhang, "Economic Growth and Income Inequality in Hong Kong: Trends and Explanations," ''China: An International Journal'' 3#1 March 2005, pp. 74-103 in [[Project Muse]]</ref> along with a sense that cronyism was rampant and getting worse. Thirdly the government deficit has soared, leading to cutbacks in government services; by 2003 the government had spent half the financial reserves left by the British, and sold land assets to cover the deficit. At a deeper level citizens are anxious about their lack of voice in an authoritarian polity.<ref> Yushuo Zheng, "Hong Kong's Democrats Stumble," ''Journal of Democracy'' 16#1 January 2005, pp. 138-152 in [[Project Muse]]</ref> The The fifth fundamental problem was the failure of the new "Principal Officials Accountability System" and the growth of popular distrust towards the non-democratic system. <ref> Ming Sing, "The Legitimacy Problem and Democratic Reform in Hong Kong." ''Journal of Contemporary China'' 2006 15(48): 517-532. Issn: 1067-0564 Fulltext: [[Ebsco]]; Christine Loh, and Richard Cullen, "Political Reform in Hong Kong: the Principal Officials Accountability System. The First Year (2002-2003)." ''Journal of Contemporary China'' 2005 14(42): 153-176. Issn: 1067-0564 Fulltext: [[Ebsco]]</ref>

In September 2008, "pandemocrats" as they call themselves, retained the voters’ support during the Legislative Council election. Beijing’s interferences with the elections, though less blatant than those of 2004, unmistakably cast doubt on its sincerity to implement democracy in Hong Kong by 2020. In 2008, Beijing promoted a new wave of pro-Beijing professionals with a stronger and more independent image. The sudden rise and stunning electoral victories of the Social Democrats, who are hallmarked by civil disobedience on behalf of democratic and social reforms, reflect a deepening sense of public despair about the futility of the current political system, and a proliferating radicalism. A decade after the handover of their city to China, Hong Kong’s “pandemocrats” remain able to stand their ground at the ballot box.<ref>Ming Sing, "Hong Kong’s Democrats Hold Their Own," ''Journal of Democracy'', Volume 20, Number 1, January 2009, pp. 98-112 in [[Project MUSE]] </ref>

==Bibliography==
* DK. ''Eyewitness Top 10 Travel Guides: Hong Kong'' (2002) [http://www.amazon.com/Eyewitness-Top-10-Travel-Guides/dp/078948434X/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208912192&sr=1-3 excerpt and text search]
* ''Michelin Guide Hong Kong and Macau'' (2009) [http://www.amazon.com/Michelin-Guide-Hong-Macau-Guides/dp/2067140450/ref=sr_1_25?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254795126&sr=1-25 excerpt and text search]
* ''Frommer's Hong Kong'' by Beth Reiber, (2007) [http://www.amazon.com/Frommers-Hong-Kong-Complete/dp/0470078332/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208912192&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]
* Stone, Andrew. ''Lonely Planet Hong Kong & Macau City Guide'' (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Lonely-Planet-Hong-Macau-Guide/dp/1741046653/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208912192&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* ''Culture Shock! Hong Kong: A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette'' by Betty Wei and Elizabeth Li (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Culture-Shock-Hong-Kong-Etiquette/dp/0761454829/ref=sr_1_43?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254795206&sr=1-43 excerpt and text search]

===History===
* Carroll, John M. '' A Concise History of Hong Kong'' (2007) 270 pages [http://books.google.com/books?id=D37ijXG-FykC&pg=PA87&dq=intitle:A+intitle:history+intitle:of+intitle:Hong+intitle:Kong&lr=&num=30&as_brr=0&sig=YSlyseZ_8GY1hdC6pe8pvOSXAg4 excerpt and text search]
* Chiu, Stephen, and Tai-Lok Lui. ''Hong Kong: The Global City'' (2009) [http://www.amazon.com/Hong-Kong-Global-Stephen-Chiu/dp/0415220106/ref=sr_1_67?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254795340&sr=1-67 excerpt and text search]
* Fu, Poshek, and David Desser. ''The Cinema of Hong Kong: History, Arts, Identity'' (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Cinema-Hong-Kong-History-Identity/dp/0521776023/ref=sr_1_18?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254795022&sr=1-18 excerpt and text search]
* Ingham, Michael. '' Hong Kong: A Cultural History'' (2007) [http://www.amazon.com/Hong-Kong-Cultural-History-Cityscapes/dp/0195314972/ref=sr_1_50?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254795261&sr=1-50 excerpt and text search]
* Tsang, Steve. ''A Modern History of Hong Kong'' (2007) [http://www.amazon.com/Modern-History-Hong-Kong/dp/1845114191/ref=sr_1_14?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208912427&sr=1-14 excerpt and text search]
* Vickers, Claire. ''Hong Kong - Culture Smart!: a quick guide to customs and etiquette'' (2006) [http://www.amazon.com/Hong-Kong-Culture-customs-etiquette/dp/1857333683/ref=sr_1_12?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208912192&sr=1-12 excerpt and text search]
* Welsh, Frank. ''A Borrowed Place: The History of Hong Kong'' (1993), 624pp readable and well-researched history
* Wright, Rachel. ''Living and Working in Hong Kong: The Complete Practical Guide to Expatriate Life in China's Gateway'' (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Living-Working-Hong-Kong-Expatriate/dp/1845281950/ref=sr_1_24?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208912427&sr=1-24 excerpt and text search]

===Primary sources===
* Endacott, G. B., ed. '' An Eastern Entrepot: A Collection of Documents Illustrating the History of Hong Kong'' (1964) 293 pp
* Tsang, Steve. ''Government and Politics: A Documentary History of Hong Kong.'' (1995), 312pp [http://www.questia.com/read/14561367?title=Government%20and%20Politics%3a%20A%20Documentary%20History%20of%20Hong%20Kong online edition]

==See also==
*[[Canton]]

== References ==

<references/>

{| style="width: 100%; background:transparent; border: 2px solid #000099;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1"
!colspan=2 style="width: 100%; text-align: center; background-color: #000088; color: white; "|'''Copyright Details'''
|-
!style="background-color: #000088; color:white;"|License:
|style=" background-color: none;"| Some content for this article is in the [[Public Domain]] in the United States because it is a work of the United States Federal Government under the terms of Title 17, Chapter 1, Section 105 of the U.S. Code
|-
!style=" background-color: #000088; color:white;"|Source:
|style="background-color: none;border-top: 2px solid black"| File available from the {{{1|[[United States Federal Government]] [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2747.htm]}}}.
|}

[[Category:Chinese Cities and Towns]]
[[Category:Chinese History]]
[[Category:British Empire]]

Essay:Greatest Conservative Movies

2015-09-25T11:59:15Z

Bauhaus: added movie

'''There have been many superb [[conservative]] films''':

==Narrative features==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Film
!Year
!Rating
!Comments
!Gross (Domestic)
|-
|''The 6th Day''
|2009
|PG-13
|Pro-Life, Anti-[[cloning]] movie Featuring Republican Governor [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]
|$ 34,543,701|
|-
|''17 Again''
|2009
|PG-13
|Main lesson is that choosing family and life over death and possible material riches is much more rewarding and fulfilling even if at times we don’t recognize it. Stands up for abstinence, and self-respect, and contains a strong speech for both of them. Such as "Because there is no one that I'm in love with. Its called making love, isn't it? Maybe I'm old fashion, but I think that means you do it with someone you love. And preferably when your married, when your ready to take that love and turn it into a baby."
|$64,167,069
|-
|''[[1984]]''
|1984
|R
|Big-screen adaptation of the iconic [[conservative]] text from [[George Orwell]].
|$8,430,492
|-
|''[[A Charlie Brown Christmas]]''
|1965
|G
|The real meaning of Christmas is discussed, as Linus quotes Luke 2:8-14. Decries the materialism that surrounds the Christmas holiday.
|NA - TV
|-
|''A Christmas Story''
|1983
|PG
|Heartwarming comedy about a kid who wants a BB Gun for Christmas
|$19,294,144
|-
|''A Gathering of Eagles''
|1963
|UR
|Illustrates duty, honor, and the burden of command.
|Unknown
|-
|''A Man For All Seasons''
|1966
|UR
|In 16th Century England, statesman and philosopher Thomas More is forced to choose between his Catholic faith and his loyalty to the king. Winner of the Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Actor, Best Cinematography, and Best Costume Design in 1966.
|$ 20,000,000<ref>This figure is a worldwide gross.</ref>
|-
|''Adam's Rib''
|1949
|Not rated
| Spencer Tracy hilariously exposes budding feminist Katharine Hepburn's hypocritical double standards in the legal system.
|
|-
|''Air Force One''
|1997
|R
|Positively portrays a strong U.S. president who takes an uncompromising stance against terrorism. Includes positive material about family, authority, the military and sacrifice.
|$ 172,956,409
|-
|''Alone Yet Not Alone''
|2013
|PG-13
|Conservative Movie that demonstrates the significance that Christianity has had in building this great country of ours. Liberals were shaken when it received an Oscar nomination, proving that there is still a strong, prevalent Conservative voice in Hollywood.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Amazing Grace (movie)|Amazing Grace]]''
|2006
|PG
|Shows the horrors of slave trade. Also makes clear that, contrary to academic claims, Christianity played the largest role in the abolition movement, and that most secular humanists either supported slavery or otherwise did not do a thing to stop it.
|$ 21,208,358
|-
|''American Sniper''
|2015
|R
|The biopic of [[Iraq War]] [[veteran]], [[patriot]] and [[hero]], [[United States Navy|Navy]] [[SEAL]] [[sniper]] [[Chris Kyle]].
|$304,000,000.
|-
|''[[Animal Farm]]''
|1999
|Not Rated
|Live-action film adaptation of the [[conservative]] text of the same name from [[George Orwell]] and of the 1945 original.
|NA - TV
|-
|''[[Argo]]''
|2012
|R
|A daring rescue of Americans trapped in Iran during the [[Iranian Hostage Crisis]]. Also shows the incompetence of the [[Jimmy Carter]] administration in dealing with the hostage crisis.
|
|-
|''[[Atlas Shrugged, Part 1|Atlas Shrugged - Part 1]]''
|2011
|PG-13
|Big screen adaptation of the classic objectivist text.
|$ 4,563,873|
|-
|''Bee Movie''
|2007
|PG
|Even a little bee can change the world. Shows the destructiveness of environmentaslism (i.e. butting into natures problems un the name of helping her), espouces the reward of hard work.
|$287,594,577
|-
|''Bella''
|2007
|PG-13
|[[Pro-life]] drama.
|$8,070,537
|-
|''[[Ben-Hur (film, 1959)|Ben-Hur]]''
|1959
|UR
|Celebrates honor and duty to family and country, with a pro-Christian ending, long held the record for the most [[Academy Awards]].
|$ 17,300,000
|-
|''The Blues Brothers''
|1980
|R
|Comedy musical. A story of redemption, "A mission from God", raising money to save a Catholic orphanage. R-rated movie for vulgar language, slap stick comedy. Vatican approved. <ref>[http://liveshots.blogs.foxnews.com/2010/06/18/vatican-blesses-blues-brothers/ Vatican Calls The Blues Brothers “Catholic”, FOXNews, June 19, 2010]</ref>
|$ 57,229,890
|-
|''Brazil''
|1985
|R
|Much like the conservative text ''1984'' it promotes the idea that big government is wrong for this world.
|
|-
|''[[Bruce Almighty]]''
|2003
|PG-13
|Shows, in a comedic, accessible way, that no one mortal can successfully do [[God]]'s job. (Written by Steve Koren & Mark O'Keefe, the same writers of ''Click''.)
|$242,589,580
|-
|''[[Captain America: The First Avenger]]''
|2011
|PG-13
|Contains messages of patriotism, perseverance and standing up to evil dictators. The film's protagonist Steve Rogers is also arguably the most conservative superhero of the Avengers universe. Last film produced by Marvel Studios before it's takeover by liberal parent [[Disney]].
|$176,654,505
|-
|''Captain America: The Winter Soldier''
|2014
|PG-13
|Film about a hero who believes in the principles that the United States was founded on and is unwilling to see them be destroyed. The filmmakers based the villains of this film on the NSA and the Obama administration.
|$259,766,572
|-
|''Chariots of Fire''
|1981
|PG
|Stories of devout Scottish Christian [[Eric Liddell]] who wants to run for the glory of God and Jewish [[Harold Abrahams]], struggling to overcome prejudice in 1924 Britain. That year's Olmypics Games was especially spiritual when Liddell refused the Prince of Wales' request that he perform his competition on a Sunday.
|$ 58,972,904
|-
|''Cheaper by the Dozen''
|2003
|PG
|Pro-family movie, as the father must sacrifice his dream for his family.
|$190,212,113
|-
|''Chinatown''
|1974
|R
|A thriller about the deceit surrounding water rights in southern California and L.A.'s water system, removing most of the water from the central valley. Sequel: "The Two Jakes" (1990)
|$ 30,000,000 (world wide estimate)
|-
|''Chitty Chitty Bang Bang''
|1968
|G
|Family fights against the villainous king and queen who have outlawed children The film is also pro-family, pro-capitalism, and shows the qualities of practicality.
|$ 7.5 million
|-
|''[[The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe]]''
|2005
|PG
|Based upon the Christian allegory written by C.S. Lewis.
|$ 291,709,845
|-
|data-sort-value="Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian"|[[The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian]]
|2008
|PG
|
|$ 141,621,490
|-
|''[[The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader]]''
|2010
|PG
|
|$ 104,383,624
|-
|''City Slickers''
|1991
|PG-13
|Motivational feel good movie about a man who goes on vacation to Colorado with his friends to be cowboys in order to find his happiness. The main lesson is about having values and knowing what's really importance in life
|$179,033,791
|-
|''Click''
|2006
|PG-13
|A man gets a remote control that can control his life and be able to skip many events in it, including many involving his family. He then learns that he should instead appreciate his life and his family to its fullest, and to not to be ungrateful with experiences that he thinks, out of selfishness, he doesn't always feel like living. (Written by Steve Koren & Mark O'Keefe, the same writers of ''[[Bruce Almighty]]''.)
|$137,340,146
|-
|''Coach Carter''
|2005
|PG-13
|Promotes the theme that graduating from high school and having proper moral values are more important than becoming famous athletes.
|$67,253,092
|-
|''Cobra''
|1986
|R
|[[Sylvester Stallone]] plays a tough police officer who is seemingly above the law, in order to control and stop crime. The liberals and the press are shown in a negative point for not supporting his enforcement.
|$357,067,947
|-
|''Coma''
|1978
|PG
|Villains are running an anti-life conspiracy at a hospital.
|$
|-
|''Contact''
|1997
|PG
|The overall message is about how science and faith do not have to be in opposition to one another.
|$ 100,853,835
|-
|''Courageous''
|2011
|PG-13
|Sherwood Pictures film focusing on the role of fathers and the need for them.
|$ 34,522,221
|-
|''Cronos''
|1993
|R
|In this Mexican film by Guillermo del Toro (''Pan's Labyrinth'', ''Hellboy''), an elderly antiques dealer has a chance at immortality—but at the cost of being a leech to others. Mostly in Spanish with large parts in English.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[The Dark Knight]]''
|2008
|PG-13
|Christian allegory with message of not giving in to terrorists.
|$ 533,316,061
|-
|''[[The Dark Knight Rises]]''
|2012
|PG-13
|Movie that depicts [[Occupy Wall Street]] esque protestors as terrorists and has a hero that does the right thing even when it is the harder thing to do.
|$441,053,078
|-
|''Dark Matter''
|2007
|R
|A candid look at [[professor values]] along with problems associated with lack of assimilation; [[liberal]]s first praised the movie, but after realizing its [[conservative]] message, panned it.
|$ 30,041
|-
|''Don't tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead''
|1991
|PG-13
|Five siblings are left alone for the summer, with no money after their elderly babysitter passes away. They realize the importance of hard work, as well the responsibliites of being an adult, and the negative effects of drugs.
|$25,196,249
|-
|''Dumbo''
|1941
|G
|Exploiting the classic liberal trap of over analyzing. Illustrates the effective management of a business that treats people and animals as equals. Also includes, jolly birds that encourage Dumbo to pull himself up by his bootstraps and learn to fly. Also main character is an elephant
|$29,647,974
|-
|''[[Escape from Hell]]''
|2000
|UR
|Drama about a doctor and near-death experience.
|NA - DVD
|-
|''Evelyn''
|2002
|PG
|True story of Irish father's legal struggle to recover his kids from an orphanage.
|$ 1,483,975
|-
|''[[The Exorcist]]''
|1973
|R
|(''not for children'') - A portrayal of pure evil against a positive characterization of [[Christianity]]. It broke the record for movie revenue and had several sequels and imitators, e.g. ''[[The Omen]]'' in 1976 and The Omen's sequels....
|$ 441,071,011

|-
|''The Expendables''
|2010
|R
|Action movie featuring such Conservative Stars as [[Sylvester Stallone]], [[Bruce Willis]], and former California Governor [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]
|$103,068,524
|-
|''The Expendables 2''
|2012
|R
|Sequel to 2010's ''The Expendables'' starring returning Conservative action stars Stallone, Willis and Schwarzenegger as well as [[Chuck Norris]].
|$11.5
|-
|[[Facing the Giants]]
|2006
|PG
|Trust in [[God]], let him take over, and good things will happen.
|$ 10,178,331
|-
|''Faith of My Fathers''
|2005
|PG-13
|The true story of [[John McCain]] when he served valiantly in the Vietnam War.
|
|-
|Ferris Bueller's Day Off
|1986
|PG-13
|Shows teenage fun without the use of drugs, alcohol or smoking, main character spends a lot of time with his girlfriend and possibly chooses abstinence. Hero also says, he is not socialist, and will never be socialist. Mocks public schools and liberal teaching
| $70,136,369
|-
|''Fiddler on the Roof''
|1971
|G
|A celebration of tradition, faith, and the importance of family, against a historical background of the persecution of Russian Jews.
|$ 50,000,000
|-
|''[[Fireproof (film)|Fireproof]]''
|2008
|PG
|Highly successful pro-Christian, pro-marriage film created by [[Sherwood Pictures]].
|$ 33,451,479
|-
|''Flash of Genius''
|2008
|PG-13
|The intellectual property of a hard-working, solitary inventor is promoted, and his children stuck by his side through enormous difficulties.
|$ 3,744,790
|-
|''Flight 93''
|2006
|PG-13
|Shows the bravery of the passengers on Flight 93, which was hijacked on September 11th, 2001, and crashed into a Pennsylvania field. The passengers fought back against the hijackers.
|NA - TV
|-
|''For Greater Glory''
|2012
|R
|The [[Catholic]] Cristeros Army fights back for religious freedom against a suppressive, [[leftist]] government. Based on the Cristeros War of the 1920's.
|$5,608,651
|-
|''[[Forbidden Planet]]''
|1956
|UR
|
|$ 3,000,000
|-
|''The Forgotten''
|2004
|PG-13
|A mystery film with a great [[Pro-life]] message.<ref>[http://www.decentfilms.com/reviews/forgotten.html ''The Forgotten''] at Decent Film Guide</ref>
|Unknown
|-
|''[[The Fountainhead]]''
|1949
|UR
|Gary Cooper and Patricia Neal starring in Ayn Rand's classic story of the right of the individual to produce on their own terms.
|Unknown
|-
|''Gattaca''
|1997
|PG-13
|A condemnation of human genetic engineering, and a wonderful triumph of individualism in an extremely totalitarian regime. Unfortunately the movie ends with a materialistic message: "They say every atom in our bodies was once a part of a star. So, maybe I'm not leaving, maybe I'm going home" (A phrase said when the protagonist finally managed to go to space).
|$ 12,339,633
|-
|''[[Ghostbusters]]''
|1984
|PG
|Fitting satire of an unfair (and likely liberal) professor, senseless academic research, paganism, and a villainous EPA regulator. Sample line by one of the stars (Dan Aykroyd) when asked to shift from the public to the [[private sector]]: “I don’t know about that. I’ve worked in the private sector. They expect results!” Followed by a sequel, "Ghostbusters 2" in 1989.
|$ 238,632,124
|-
|God's Not Dead
|2014
|PG
|Christian film about a brave young man who stands up to his Atheist bully of a professor and demonstrates the strength and wholesomeness of Christianity. Furthermore, it illustrates Atheists as people who acknowledge the existence of God, but deny him out of self hatred. Features Conservative celebrity cameos such as Willie and Korie Robertson (of [[Duck Dynasty]] fame) and the Christian Rock Band, the Newsboys. Liberals were shocked when it stood strong in the box office, being in the top 5 opening weekend
|$9,244,641
|-
|''[[Gone With the Wind]]''
|1939
|UR
|Celebrates a strongly ''feminine'' heroine who is the antithesis of a modern [[feminist]], and held the record for top-grossing movie for decades.
|$ 198,676,459
|-
|The Goonies
|1985
|PG-13
|The adventures of teenagers trying to find a long lost treasure, before the criminals do.
|$61,389,680
|-
|''The Greatest Story Ever Told''
|1965
|UR
| Title says it all: The story of Jesus (played excellently by Max Von Sydow).
|$8,000,000 (U.S.), $20,000,0000 (worldwide)
|-
|''The Green Berets''
|1968
|G
|Vivid defense of our troops' conduct in the Vietnam War.
|$ 11,000,000
|-
|''Groundhog Day''
|1993
|PG
|Pro-Family, Pro-God, promotes Christianity and contains many conservative values
|$70,906,973
|-
|''Harry's War''
|1981
|PG
|Anti-IRS comedy.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Hero]]''
|1992
|PG-13
|Even those with character flaws can do good.
|$ 19,487,173
|-
|''The Hiding Place''
|1975
|PG
|Biopic World War II story of Corrie and Betsy (Elizabeth) ten Boom (Jeannette Clift, Julie Harris), who hid Jews in their Haarlem, Netherlands home's secret wall and were betrayed and imprisoned in Ravensbruck Women's concentration camp in Germany, until Betsy's death and Corrie's accidental release through what would years later be found to be a clerical mistake, as all the other women in Corrie's group of prisoners were gassed to death in January, 1945. A true lesson of "no pit is so deep that God's love is not deeper still." Produced by Billy Graham Evangelical Association's, World Wide Pictures.
|unknown revenue
|-
|''Hitler's Children''
|1943
|UR/PG
|Sensational melodrama about the [[Hitler Youth]] of pre-WWII 1930s Nazi Germany, based on Gregor Ziemer's best selling ''Education for Death: The Making of A Nazi".
|$3,355,000
|-
|''Home Run''
|2013
|PG-13
|Christian Sports Drama about a baseball player, who tries to overcome a serious drinking problem.
|$2,861,020
|-
|''Honey, I Shrunk The Kids''
|1989
|PG
| Loveable genius inventor Wayne Szalinski (Rick Moranis) accidentally shrinks his children and some of his neighbors's while testing his laser shrinking ray, sending them off on an adventure in their own yard against what would be mundane situations and creatures to normal sized people. Spawned two sequels, the obviously opposite ''Honey, I Blew up The Kid'' (1992) and video-made ''Honey, We Shrunk Ourselves'' (1997)
| $130,724,2000
|-
|''The Hurt Locker''
|2008
|R
|A look into the life of an American bomb disposal regiment in Iraq risking their lives for their country and for the innocent by confronting evil. Rated R for violence and language.
|$ 12,647,089
|-
|''I Am David''
|2003
|PG
|Motivational movie to show the power of the individual, and the triumph of charity, faith, and hope as well as showing the dangerous of communism
|$292,376
|-
|''I Confess''
|1953
|UR
|In this classic by Alfred Hitchcock, a clergyman honors his sacred vow of confidentiality with respect to a confession despite intense pressure to disclose it.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[The Incredibles]]''
|2004
|PG
|The world's superheroes are forced to give up their heroics and go into hiding after Mr. Incredible saves a suicidal man as well as a derailed train from a bridge destroyed by one of his enemies (who ironically got away with it), causing the populace to turns on superheroes and lawyers to sue them.

The film celebrates the importance of the family unit; Elastigirl fails at parenting when her husband, Mr. Incredible, neglects to help her raise their children; a traditional family of superheroes is portrayed as the saviors of society, whose importance and presence has been unfairly suppressed. In addition, Mr. Incredible was also shown in the beginning to take marriage seriously, immediately heading over to the wedding when he realizes he may be running late, and doing various crime-stopping when he has time before it.

The movie also contains the conservative idea that recognition should be based on merit rather than on unsubstantiated expectations of equality. The villain, Syndrome, out of sheer jealousy, attempts to kill off real superheroes so that he use technology to pretend to be one, later planning to sell his gadgets so that everyone in the world can be super. "And when everyone is super," he explains, "no one will be." When Mr. Incredible is asked to attend his son's fifth-grade graduation, he criticizes society for "celebrating mediocrity" instead of those who are "genuinely exceptional."
|$631,442,092
|-
|''[[Indiana Jones]] series''
|1981, 1984, 1989, 2008
|PG PG-13
|
|Unknown
|-
|''Invasion of the Body Snatchers''
|1956
|UR
|A science fiction condemnation of [[Communism]], produced for only $420,000 and remade successfully in three additional movies.
|$ 2,500,000
|-
|''[[Iron Eagle]]''
|1986
|PG-13
| A young man's father, an Air Force pilot, is shot down over the Middle East and its up to the young man and an Air Force colonel to save him. Included three sequels in 1988, 1992 and 1995.
|$24,159,872 (U.S.)
|-
|''The Island''
|2005
|PG-13
|Pro-life statement against cloning to harvest organs.
|$ 35,799,026
|-
|''[[Jurassic Park]]''
|1993
|PG-13
|Criticizes the effects of research into genetic [[cloning]],Included two sequels in 1997 and 2001 and a planned fouth entry in 2013.
|$357,067,947
|-
|''King of Kings''
|1961
|PG-13, originally NR
|2 hour, 51 minute widescreen epic by the great director Nicholas Ray about Jesus and his promises of spiritual redemption, as contrasted with the story of the revolutionary leader Barabbas and his promises of worldly redemption.
|Unknown
|-
|''Knute Rockne: All-American''
|1940
|UR
|Stars [[Ronald Reagan]] as corageous football player George Gipp, who dies before an important game.
|Unknown
|-
|''Ladder 49''
|2004
|PG-13
|Shows the courageousness of firefighters.
|$ 74,541,707
|-
|''Last Ounce of Courage''
|2012
|PG
|Family drama about the struggles Christians suffer through politics and abolishment of religious freedom
|$1,585,994
|-
|''Lean on Me''
|1989
|PG-13
|A true story about combating drug use, violence, and contempt for authority while exalting positive values like academic achievement and family values. Biodrama about Paterson, New Jersey's real life [[Joe Clark]]. <ref>http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0097722/</ref>
|$ 31,906,454
|-
|''Liar Liar''
|1997
|PG-13
|Surprisingly takes on an anti-feminist theme by depicting the father as the good, righteous side in a courtroom divorce trial.
|$181,410,615
|-
|''The Lion King''
|1994
|G
|A main message of the movie is honoring thy father, and the power-hungry main antagonist, once he becomes ruler, favors big government, pushes [[liberal values]] and destroys their territory.
|$ 312,825,899
|-
|''The Little Mermaid''
|1989
|G
|A mermaid strives to become a traditional female human, following the patriarchal system of society. The centers around conservative Christian values and contains an anti-feminism theme. The villain is shown in a devilish way, and claims about men not wanting women who talk and care only for a woman's body language (a common claim by feminists against males) is made clear to be lies. In addition, it also contains a pro-traditional marriage theme, and is the last Disney animated feature film to actually treat traditional marriage as a good thing for a while. Despite being set under the sea, it also features an anti-[[Environmentalism]] message, as the characters (namely King Triton) who pushed anti-human sentiments turned out to be wrong in their negative views on humans.
|$111,543,479
|-
|''[[The Lives of Others]]''
|2006
|R
|(''Not for children'') - This German-language film is a stinging criticism of [[Communist]] [[East Germany]] from a liberal perspective.
|$ 11,286,112
|-
|''[[The Fellowship of the Ring (film, 2001)|The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
|2001
|PG-13
|Clear distinction between good and evil with positive themes of friendship, bravery, honor, sacrifice and overcoming temptation.
|$ 314,776,114
|-
|''[[The Two Towers (film, 2002)|The Lord of the Rings: the Two Towers]]''
|2002
|PG-13
|Strong portrayals of redemption and good over evil.
|$ 340,478,898
|-
|''[[The Return of the King (2003 film)|The Lord of the Rings: the Return of the King]]''
|2003
|PG-13
|Bravery, heroism, sacrifice and good ultimately triumphing over evil.
|$ 377,027,325
|-
|''Logan's Run''
|1967
|PG/R
|A man within a liberal society (evideniced by acceptance of homosexuality and work-free spoiled existance) that kills everyone on their 30th claiming it's rebirth (see [[Liberal Denial]]) escapes to find a world of hardwork and ageing.
|
|-
|''The Lost Weekend''
|1945
|UR
|Illustrates the dangers of alcohol abuse.
|Unknown
|-
|''Make Mine Freedom''
|1948
|
|A short cartoon, which shows how [[Capitalism]] works and how [[Communism]] steals [[Freedom]].
|Unknown
|-
|Man Of Steel
|2013
|PG-13
| [[Superman]] is portrayed as a Christ-like figure, shows bravery of the U.S. Military and shows the theme of protecting the ones you love.
|$291,045,518
|-
|''[[Master and Commander | Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World]]''
|2003
|PG-13
|Promotes many positive conservative values including faith in God, patriotism, duty, honor, respect for authority, discipline, bravery, sacrifice, and friendship.
|$ 93,926,386
|-
|''[[Matilda]]''
|1996
|PG
|Film adaptation of Roald Dahl's children's novel of a bright little girl who uses her magical genius to free herself from the foolish, selfish people in her life-her self-absorbed parents, bratty brother and horrid [[public school]] principal.
|$33,084,249
|-
|''Meet the Robinsons''
|2007
|G
|A child does not seem to fit in to society, his main hobby is inventing. He travels to the future to see meet his family, and he realizes persistence pays off in the end and he discovers that his inventions ultimately do change society, and his own life, for the better. The movie shows a message about the value of life, family, and considers the contributions and possibilities lost by every child that is aborted.
|$169,333,034
|-
|''The Mill and the Cross'' (Polish original)
|2011
|UR
|Persecution of Christians in Flanders region of Belgium during the 16th Century
|$ 310,900
|-
|''[[Miracle]]''
|2004
|PG
|Movie about the United States hockey team which won the gold medal in the 1980 Winter Olympics. Stresses the important of hard work, resiliency, selflessness and putting your best effort forward to reach an unseen goal.
|$ 64,445,708
|-
|''Moses''
|1974 Italy-U.K.
|PG
|Italian-British-American production which features [[Burt Lancaster]] playing [[Moses]] the lawgiver. Less flamboyant than Cecil B. Demille's movie The Ten Commandments and focuses more on the Biblical figure of Moses. Originally a 6-part U.S. TV mini-series in 1975, but edited to make it a U.S. movie in 1976.
|unknown money returns
|-
|''Mr. Skeffington''
|1944
|UR
|Bette Davis portrays a socialite whose life is ruined when she turns ugly with age. Anti-Nazi and anti-materialistic.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Mr. Smith Goes to Washington]]''
|1939
|UR
|A tale of a good, simple man rising above the pressures of [[liberals]] to do the right thing. Features perhaps the best defense of the American political system ever committed to film.
|Unknown
|-
|-
|''My Own Private Idaho''
|1991
|R
|Two good friends learn to pull themselves up by their bootstraps and make it in the business world.
|unknown
|-
|''My Son John''
|1952
|UR
|A small-town couple's world is turned upside-down by the discovery that their adult son is a Communist.
| amount made unknown
|-
|''The Name of the Rose''
|1986
|R
|A mystery centered around the balance between faith and science, as well as debate over the role of poverty in religion and religious orders.
|$ 5,595,706
|-
|''The Nativity Story''
|2006
|PG
|Title says it all about this Biblical epic.
|$37,629,831
|-
|''Ninotchka''
|1939
|UR
|
|Unknown
|-
|''Not Without My Daughter''
|1991
|PG-13
|Sally Fields is [[Betty Mahmoody]], the U.S. wife who, along with her daughter, was tricked in 1984 by her Iranian born husband into traveling with him on what he said would be only two weeks in his homeland to visit his relatives (he lied bigtime about the two weeks part!).
|$14,789,113 (U.S.)
|-
|''[[October Baby]]''
|2012
|PG-13
|A first-rate, compelling film that leaves no doubt about how wrong [[abortion]] is.
|$5,357,328
|-
|''[[October Sky]]''
|1999
|PG
|Four high school boys from a rural coal mining town, inspired by Sputnik, set out to build their own rockets and become rocket scientists.
|$ 32,481,825
|-
|''Of Gods and Men'' (French original)
|2010
|R
|Martyrdom of Trappist monks by Muslim terrorists in an impoverished Algerian community
|$ 3,954,651
|-
|''Oh, God!''
|1977
|PG
|Acceptance of God's calling is rewarded, the faithful are vindicated, and naysayers are proven wrong. Had two sequels in 1980 and 1984.
|$ 41,687,243
|-
|''[[On The Waterfront]]''
|1954
|UR
|[[Marlon Brando]] plays Terry Malloy, who under the inspiration of a Catholic priest (Father Barry, played by [[Karl Malden]]), becomes a Christ-like figure. Betrayed by his brother and almost killed by the gang, he finds the strength to overcome and redeem his people from the slavery to the mobsters who run the waterfront. In stunning contrast to the liberals who kept silent about the Communist subversion in Hollywood, the film portrays the informer as the hero; liberal Hollywood never forgave director [[Elia Kazan]] for his stunning film. In real life, Kazan, Malden and screenwriter Budd Schulberg all testified before Congress, along with [[Ronald Reagan]]. Together they broke the power of the Reds in Hollywood.
|$ 9,600,000
|-
|''One Day In The Life of Ivan Denisovich''
|1970 Britain/Norway
|PG
| [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]]'s best selling novel brought to film as Tom Courtneay is the titular prisoner in early 1950s Siberia as punishment for surrendering to the Nazis during World War II and his struggle for small comforts to ease the harsh injusticies of the Gulag. A smashing indictment of the Soviet system.
|amount unknown
|-
|''One Foot In Heaven''
|1941
|UR
|
|Unknown
|-
|''The Pacifier''
|2005
|PG
|Navy Seal Shane Wolfe (Vin Diesel) is assigned to be the guardian of five children, he learns from them the responsibilities of being in a family. As they learn from him the importance of protecting the country
|$113,086,868
|-
|''Parental Guidance''
|2012
|PG
|Two parents raise their kids in liberal way, and as a result are unhappy and rebellious, they leave them alone with their grandparents for a weekend who bring in conservative values, and helps the kids realize the importance of family.
|$119,772,232
|-
|''[[The Patriot]]''
|2000
|R
|A patriot fights for American freedom during the [[American Revolution]].
|$215,294,342[
|-
|''Pinocchio''
|1940
|G
|A kindhearted craftsman wishes for his own son, a blue fairy (resembling the Blessed Virgin Mary) grants his wish and turns one of his wooden puppets into a real boy. The boy learns about "[[moral values]]", and must escape the bad boys who have"[[hollywood values]]" and as a result are turned in donkeys (may represent democrats in pop culture).
|$84,254,167
|-
|''[[Pirates of the Caribbean]]: On Stranger Tides''
|2011
|PG-13
|Unlike the rest of the movies in the series which were pure entertainment, this movie has some good Christian messages and a Christian missionary is presented in a positive light. The climax of the movie presents a very important message too; ''Only God can grant eternal life, not this pagan waters. Men, destroy this profane temple!''
|$1.046 billion
|-
|''[[The Prince of Egypt]]''
|1998
|PG
|An animated telling of the life of [[Moses]].
|$ 101,217,900
|-
|''[[The Pursuit of Happyness]]''
|2006
|PG-13
|A film that shows hard work, dedication, loyalty and trust can result in success and “happiness” for any American, regardless of race, gender or creed. It is an instructional piece about the tradition of “stick-to-it-iveness” that has made America a land of hope and opportunity for so many. This film’s main themes -- the primacy of the family, the blessings of free and open markets, the necessity of staying true to one’s ideals -- are all conservative concepts. .
|$307,077,300
|-
|''Quo Vadis''
|1951
|UR
|The early Christian Church during the time of [[Nero]]'s regime.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]''
|1981
|PG
|
|$242,374,454
|-
|''[[Red Dawn]]''
|1984
|PG-13
|A film by conservative writer and director [[John Milius]] about American high school students resisting a Soviet invasion through guerrilla warfare. Remade in 2012
|$ 35,866,000
|-
|''Rise of the Guardians ''
|2012
|PG
|Four immortal guardians appear as Christ-like creatures, who jobs are to protect those children who belief in them. Two of the guardians are Santa Claus and the Eagle Bunny based on Christian allegories.
|$103,412,758
|-
|''[[Rocky]]''
|1976
|PG
|A talented but down-on-his-luck fighter gets a chance to challenge himself to the ends of his ability. This film-and its sequels and remakes- reinforces man's ability to overcome challenges. Included four sequels and one remake.
|$ 117,235,247
|-
|''[[The Room]]''
|2003
|R
|Anti-alcoholism and adultery. Shows the destructive nature of liberal values.
|$1800 in its initial theater run. Has done much better in recent theater screanings.
|-
|''Rosemary's Baby''
|1968
|R
|Higher powers intervene in this story of a young Catholic mother's devotion to her unborn infant
|Unknown
|-
|''Rudy''
|1993
|PG
|A young man overcomes many obstacles, including dyslexia, to play for the [[Notre Dame]] football team. Shows the value of hard work and never giving up.
|$ 22,750,363
|-
|''The Sandlot''
|1993
|PG
|Honestly depicts 1950s America when boys acted like boys and girls acted like girls, wimps were taught to toughen up, and every boy had a chance to be great. No historical revisionism.
|$ 32,416,586
|-
|''The Santa Clause (Series)''
|1994, 2002, 2006
|PG
|A divorced father of one must take on the responsibility of being Santa Claus after he is chosen, promotes the importance of traditional marriage, and the importance of family and Christmas
|$144,833,357, $144,833,357, $144,833,357
|-
|''Saving Christmas''
|2014
|PG
|Kirk Cameron fights using the truth in the War on Christmas. Liberals tried to censor it, but ultimately became a hit among those who believes in the truth.
|$2,800,000
|-
|''Sergeant York''
|1941
|UR
|A young American soldier during WWI overcomes an unfounded religious objection to killing and becomes a war hero.
|Unknown
|-
|''The Seventh Seal''
|1956
|NR
|Swedish film about the strength of religion.
|
|-
|''The Seventh Sign''
|1988
|R
|Starring Demi Moore, a fictional account of the return of Jesus to usher in the apocalypse and judge mankind. Catholic themed movie has Demi offering her life for the souls of others.
|$ 18,875,011
|-
|''Shane''
|1953
|UR
|Western about defending a homesteading family.
|$ 20,000,000
|-
|''Shattered Glass''
|2003
|PG-13
|Based on the true story of Stephen Glass (Hayden Christensen), a reporter in the late 90's for the liberal magazine The New Republic, lies and distorts news stories to make them entertaining. He begins by submitting an article about the Conservative Political Action Conference, in which he fabricated stories of drinking and sexual mischief. Then, after he writes a colorful but suspicious story on a superstar web hacker, a group from a small online news site begin to question his journalistic integrity.
|$2,220,008
|-
|''Snitch''
|2013
|PG-13
|A father becomes an informant on helping the police arrest drug dealers, so he can get his son out of prison. Pro-drug war, the villains of the movie are all drug dealers.
|$42,930,462
|-
|''Soul Surfer''
|2011
|PG
|The true story of champion surfer 13-year-old Bethany Hamilton who loses her arm to a shark. Her Christian faith helps her overcome her handicap to surf once again.
|$ 43,853,424
|-
|''[[The Sound of Music]]''
|1965
|UR
|Solid family entertainment about Austria's von Trapps before World War II.
|$ 158,671,368
|-
|''[[Spider-Man (film)]]''
|2002
|PG-13
|Praises moral virtue (hard-working teenager, devout aunt and well-meaning uncle) and pokes fun at [[liberals]] (entertainers and journalists). Hero chooses [[abstinence]]. This was one of the most profitable films ever made and had two sequels.
|$ 403,706,375
|-
|''Strategic Air Command''
|1955
|UR
|Actor (and Brigadier [[General]]) [[James Stewart]]'s story of the real [[Strategic Air Command]] and its transition from prop planes to jet planes.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[The Ten Commandments]]''
|1956
|UR
|The definitive film portrayal of [[Exodus]].
|$ 65,500,000
|-
|''The Tree of Life''
|2011
|PG-13
|An adaptation of the Book of Job set in 1950s Texas with a narrative structure based on the nature of human memory which many viewers will find confusing.
|Unknown
|-
|''True Lies''
|1994
|R
|Stars the future Republican governor of California, [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]. Teaches conservative values like marital loyalty, and political incorrect facts such as the fact that most terrorists are Middle Eastern radicals who don't value human life.
|$ 146,261,000
|-
|''The Tunnel'' (''Der Tunnel'')
|2001
|
|Based on a true story a group of East Berliners escaping harsh Communist rule and hatch a plan to help others escape that same oppressive regime.
|$ 10,890
|-
|''Twelve O'Clock High''
|1949
|UR
|A thrilling movie about the heroics of fighter pilots during [[World War II]]; used as an educational film for management training seminars.
|$ 3,225,000
|-
|''Uncle Buck''
|1989
|PG-13
|A slobbish bachelor babysits his rebellious teenage niece and her younger brother and sister, and they learn the true importance of family.
|$79,258,538
|-
|''[[Veggie Tales]]''
|1993-Present
|TV-Y
|The adventures of anthropomorphic vegetables, where the stories are all based upon moral themes based on Christianity.
|Made for TV
|-
|''We Were Soldiers''
|2002
|R
|Pro-war story film based on the soldiers and families fighting in World War II.
|$114,660,784
|-
|''The Wicker Man''
|2006
|PG-13
|Shows the dangers of feminism.
|
|-
|''Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory''
|1971
|G
|Showing the importance of having character. Charlie is able to accept the consequences of his actions. He acknowledges his wrongdoing while in the factory, and relinquishes a potential goldmine, from the sale of his everlasting gobstopper to a rival spy, back to Wonka.
The hidden message in this film is one of redemption. It is hidden because it is conveyed through the imagery of the films final scene. Charlie has made it to the end of his journey. Despite his moral struggles, he finds redemption through his desire to correct his mistake. He is given a reward that is beyond his wildest expectations- he is given the keys to the factory while the Wonkavator crashes through the ceiling up into the sky. The allusion to Heaven and salvation is unmistakable.
|$4 million
|-
|''The Winning Team''
|1952
|UR
|[[Ronald Reagan]] stars as a baseball pitcher who overcomes his problems to help his team win. This was one of Reagan's own favorites.
|Unknown
|-
|''Witness''
|1985
|R
|Highlights the virtues of strong moral values, with more substance than ''High Noon''.
|$ 65,500,000
|-
|''Won't Back Down''
|2012
|PG-13
|A brilliant movie that criticizes public schools.
|
|-
|''[[World Trade Center]]''
|2006
|PG-13
|Highlights the bravery of NYC's firemen and police in [[9/11]]
|$ 70,236,496
|-
|''Wreck It Ralph''
|2012
|PG
|Main lesson of the film is that Ralph a video game villain who is being the poor and medal-less guy encourages him to use his equal opportunities to do better and pursue his own successes. The basis of the American Dream, the goal of overcoming one's present, lowly circumstances to achieve a state of greatness; and shows how trying to achieving this goal by theft, is the wrong way to do it. In addition the main villain of the movie is competition-hating villain, who has a pushed liberal values and established what's like a fixed-economy where in a game only he wins.
|$189,422,889
|-
|}

==Documentaries==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Film
!Year
!Rating
!Comments
!Gross (Domestic)
|-
|''[[2016: Obama's America]]''
|2012
|PG
|Documentary by Conservative author [[Dinesh D'Souza]] explores the disturbing origins of [[Barack Hussein Obama]], including his inherited philosophy with his [[Barack Obama Sr.|drunken father]] and his inspiration from [[Communist]]s [[Frank Marshall Davis]] and [[William Ayers|Bill Ayers]].
|$33,349,941
|-
|''[[Expelled | Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed]]''
|2008
|PG
|[[Ben Stein]] exposes [[evolution|evolutionists]]' scientific and education system [[deceit]].
|$ 7,690,545
|-
|''[[The Great Global Warming Swindle]]''
|2007
|UR
|Exposing the greatest fraud in the history of science.
|NA - TV
|-
|''[[Hillary: The Movie]]''
|2008
|UR
|Citizens United film exposing Hillary Clinton. This movie was the impetus of the lawsuit which overturned the McCain-Feingold legislation by the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] in ''[[Citizens United v. FEC]]''.
|NA - TV
|-
|''[[How Should We Then Live]]''
|1976
|UR
|Christian film that traces Western history from Ancient Rome until 1976. A study of philosophic, scientific, and religious movements reflecting changing patterns.
|NA - TV
|-
|''[[I Want Your Money]]''
|2010
|PG
|Documentary film which supports the triumph of [[Reagan]]-economics over [[Obamanomics]].
|$433,588
|-
|''[[Indoctrinate U]]''
|2007
|UR
|Exposed political correctness, racial and ethnic politics in the academic setting. <ref>[http://video.yahoo.com/watch/3624795/9994231 Indoctrinate U -Part 1/3, Yahoo]</ref>
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Kids Aren't Cars]]''
|2011
|UR
|How the teachers' unions are destroying our public schools. <ref>[http://www.kidsarentcars.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/KACOneSheet.pdf KAC Summary]</ref>
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Maafa21]]''
|2009
|UR
|This film explores the inception of [[Planned Parenthood]] as an organization created to exterminate African-Americans. It exposes the words of its' racist founder [[Margaret Sanger]] and their impact on black genocide more than a century later. <ref>[http://www.maafa21.com www.maafa21.com]</ref>
|NA - DVD
|-
|''Occupy Unmasked''
|2012
|Not rated
|Documentary about [[Occupy Wall Street]]-movement.
|
|-
|''[[Waiting for Superman]]''
|2010
|PG
|Documentary on the U.S.' failed public school system.
|$ 6,410,257
|-
|''[[The Soviet Story]]''
|2008
|
|Documentary about the crimes of [[Communism]] and the [[Soviet Union]].
|-
|"MARGARET THATCHER - Death of a Revolutionary"
|2013
|
|Shows how Thatcher's economic liberalism helped Britain turn from the sick man of Europe and the only socialist country outside of the [[Iron Curtain]] to one of Europe's best economies. It tells us contrary to popular belief (which is mostly likely lies spread by socialists, liberals and fake conservatives), the working classes actually liked her more than the upper classes.
|}

== Debatable Whether Conservative ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Film
!Year
!Rating
!Comments
!Gross (Domestic)
|-
|''[[Zulu]]''
|1964
|UR
|Courageous, Duty, Patriotism. A defending of Western Civilisation.
|
|-
|''[[The Passion of the Christ]]''
|2004
|R
|Downplays the [[Resurrection]],<ref>The original version of the film had no references at all to the Resurrection.</ref> and strength of Christianity and omits powerful angels; instead exaggerates triumph of evil; film had little lasting effect on public or its producer; portrayed nails as through the hands rather than through the wrists as depicted by the [[Shroud of Turin]] and confirmed by modern science.
|$ 370,782,930
|-
|''Team America: World Police''
|2004
|R
|While is clearly pro-military, pro-America, and anti-Hollywood, the movie is riddled with liberal values, including toilet humor and vulgar language throughout. Also, in the movie's foul mouthed theme song, it says yay to abortion, slavery, pornography, and Democrats, while having no positive reaction to Republicans
|
|-
|''Shame''
|2011
|NC-17
|While the movie shows [[Hollywood Values]], such as sex addiction, in a negative light and is clearly anti-homosexual agenda, as the main character reaches his lowest point by partaking in such acts, the film is graphic in its nature leaving one to question how conservative it really is.
|
|-
|''[[It's a Wonderful Life]]''
|1946
|UR
|Falsely teaches that humanism is what makes life worthwhile; marginalizes [[faith]] with a cartoonish depiction and demonizes capitalism as sadistic and greedy.
|$ 3,300,000
|-
|''[[High Noon]]''
|1952
|UR
|A favorite of both Presidents [[Dwight Eisenhower]] and [[Bill Clinton]]; [[John Wayne]] said it was "the most un-American thing I've ever seen in my whole life";<ref>http://www.brightlightsfilm.com/47/highnoon.php</ref> though susceptible of various interpretations, most of all it seems to scare people into wanting more government.
|$ 3,750,000
|-
|''[[P.C.U.]]''
|1994
|PG-13
|College students fight back against a campus where the administration promotes official [[diversity]] awareness weekends and radical [[feminism]], [[vegan]]ism, and [[political correctness]] run amok, but a conservative group on campus is also portrayed just as negatively as the P.C. groups.
|$ 4,350,774
|-
|''Pillow Talk''
|1959
|UR
|A classic starring Rock Hudson and Doris Day in which conservative values triumph over liberal ones. There are no distortions by feminist ideology. Indeed, in one scene a leading man slaps the leading lady, but then is beaten up by dimwitted bystanders for it!
|$ 18,750,000
|-
|''[[The Way We Were]]''
|1973
|PG
|Unique in the way that it appears liberal to liberals while unintentionally sending a [[conservative]] message to young women.
|$ 49,919,870
|-
|''[[Grease]]''
|1978
|PG
|Some [[conservative]] messages and no [[feminism]] or other [[political correctness]]; mocks [[public school]] and even [[television]] during the 1950s. Followed in 1982 by a much panned sequel (''[[Grease 2]]'').
|$ 153,113,000
|-
|''[[Fargo]]''
|1996
|R
|Pregnant sheriff with traditional American family values solves an elaborate criminal embezzlement, kidnapping and murder scheme.
|$ 24,611,975
|-
|''[[Juno (film)|Juno]]''
|2007
|PG-13
|A pregnant teenage woman rejects [[abortion]] and decides for an adoptive birth instead. This movie pushes [[feminism]] and marginalizes the essential role of fatherhood.
|$ 143,492,840
|-
|''Camelot''
|1967
|G
|The famous jousting scene is a powerful display of Christian values and chivalry, but the movie seems lost afterward.
|$ 31,102,578
|-
|''The Iron Lady''
|2011
|PG-13
|The British biopic of [[Conservative Party]] leader and 1979-90 [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]], Margaret Thatcher, showing the effects of conservative economic policy on Britain, helping to lift the country out of its recession.
|$ 80,554,188 (international including UK), $27,081,674 (US - domestic)
|-
|21 Jump Street
|2011
|R
|Two police officers try to take down a drug ring in high school where the villains are environmentalists and drug dealers. But contains many sexual references, full profanity, and many religious insults
|$201,585,328
|
|-
|''[[The Simpsons]] Movie''
|2007
|PG-13
|Portrays the liberal [[Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] as a villainous and devious agency, and portrays the Government in general as intrusive and corrupt. On the other hand, it also promotes [[environmentalism]] in the beginning.
|$183,135,014
|-
|''Back to the Future''
|1985
|PG
|Contains some conservative messages such as the triumph of chivalry as well as the negative effects of deviancy and drug/alcohol addiction, although the film also promotes negative values including premarital sexual activity and disregard for chasity. Included two sequels in 1989 and 1990.
|$210,609,762
|-
|''The Campaign''
|2012
|R
|Political comedy depicts the Democratic candidate (Will Ferrell) as an obnoxious, drunken womanizer and satire of [[John Edwards]], although the Republican candidate (Zach Galifinakis) is portrayed just as negatively as a corrupt capitalist.
|$33,165,738
|-
|''Knocked Up''
|2007
|R
|Unemployed, immature and childish 23-year old Ben Stone (Seth Rogen) has a one night stand with serious career woman Alison Scott (Katherine Heigl), with the unintended consequence of pregnancy. Alison's mother (Joanna Kerns) says she should get the pregnancy "taken care of", while Ben's best friend Jonah (Jonah Hill) suggests that "I won't say the A-word, but it rhymes with abortion." Alison decides to keep the child, while Ben decides to find a real job, grow up, and become a father.
|$148,768,917
|-
|''[[Beauty and the Beast]]''
|1991
|G
|A young woman overcomes a shallow society and finds true love. Although by comparison a powerful and immensely popular antidote to [[feminism]] to the [[liberal]] movies churned out by [[Disney]] since, as well as overall promoting redemption (as seen with the Beast's transformation), and also promoting some family values (such as Belle being loyal to her father), there were a few hints at feminist propaganda at the beginning of the film, such as Belle being different from the villagers because she can read, which is implied to not be supported by the villagers at all (feminist propaganda often claims that women couldn't get an education until the 1960s), as well as Belle being unwilling to hold the role of housewife for Gaston or raising children. Then-Disney Chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg also mentioned that he wanted "a feminist twist" on the original fairy tale by creating a heroine who is "a departure from typical Disney female characters",<ref>http://articles.mcall.com/1991-11-22/features/2825583_1_beast-s-castle-fairy-tale-madame-gabrielle</ref> and Linda Woolverton made clear that she made Belle a feminist and based her on the women's liberation movement in order to avoid creating another insipid princess.<ref name="Beauty and Maleficent">{{Cite web|url = http://time.com/2798136/maleficent-beauty-beast-writer/|title = The Same Woman Wrote Maleficent and Beauty and the Beast—Here’s How They’re Linked|date = May 30, 2014|accessdate = January 16, 2014|website = Time|publisher = |last = Rothman|first = Lily}}</ref> Gaston is a conservative and hardworking hunter who is considered by the villagers to be their town hero, but is shown to be the main villain of the movie (it should also be noted that in the original screenplay for the film, Gaston was intended to be a Marquess [French nobleman], meaning the decision to make him a conservative and hardworking hunter was made after a rewrite). In addition, the villagers (strongly implied to be practicing and devout Christians) were later briefly seen supporting a plan that went against God's teachings. In addition, Belle's love for Beast (where it is implied that she was largely unaware of the Beast being formerly a human prince) could be seen as promoting bestiality. Also, it is the first Disney movie to neither show nor hint at the two love interests getting married, and in fact, the only "wedding" in the film was the one Belle ruined, creating negative implications about marriage as a result, as well as starting a string of movies that don't paint marriage in a positive light. There were also several overtones of a pro-homosexual agenda within the film, including the mob song late into the film, largely because of the executive producer, Howard Ashman, being gay and dying from AIDs at the time the film was made. One of the protagonistic characters, Lumiere, is briefly seen making out with a featherduster and was implied that the two weren't married, with some hints at Lumiere being a unrepentant womanizer. In addition, some elements of the film were later reused in the [[Essay:Worst Liberal Movies#Social|definitely liberal]] ''Maleficent'' movie.<ref name="Beauty and Maleficent" />
|$ 25,487,028
|-
|''[[Titanic]]''
|1997
|PG-13
|Every life had value and the most powerful men gave up their seats on lifeboats to women and children first; the media and a young [[RINO]] are rightly criticized; broke the record in movie revenues. However, it also gave some hints at a pro-socialist view, and a key scene involving Rose being drawn in the nude is invocative of pornography.
|$ 600,779,824
|-
|''[[The Hunger Games]]''
|2012
|PG-13
|Futuristic totalitarians plan titular annual televisied "games" as punishement on the descendants of failed revolutionaries from a past uprising. Although technically a message against totalitarianism and for individualism, Leftist actor Donald Sutherland, who played President Snow, implied that the struggles of the films' protagonists were supposed to be derived from the Occupy Wall Street movement, and the book's author also indicated that the events of the book were based on the George W. Bush administration.
|$406,267,858
|-
|Super
|2010
|R
|Main character becomes a super hero after a vision from God. He also frequently turns to prayer and a Christian television show for guidance. Even though his wife leaves him for a drug dealer, he remains loyal to her for the whole movie. Although contains foul language, violence, and brief nudity scenes.
|Unknown
|-
|''The LEGO Movie''
|2014
|PG
|Anti-Large Government, with a message that anyone has the potential to be extraordinary. However is also anti-capitalist, and the main villain is Lord Business
|
|-
|''We're the Milers''
|2013
|R
|A drug dealer, stripper, runaway, and average loser pretend to be a make family to sneak marijuana out of Mexico. However they learn the value and importance of family. The villains of the movie are all drug gang men, the film also features a stripper scene, and weather or not the film is anti-drug in the end is debatable
|$150,394,119
|-
|Kingsman: The Secret Service
|2015
|R
|Anti-enviromentalist, the villian attempts to eradicate the human race because of his belief in man made global warming. Though film is full of language and violence as well as a brief nudity scene.
|
|-
|''[[Star Wars]]''
|1977-1983 (Original Trilogy); 1999-2005 (Prequel Trilogy); 2015- (Sequel Trilogy)
|PG, PG-13 (Episode III Only)
|Mostly composed of simple truths about the triumph of good over evil, and in the case of Episode VI: Return of the Jedi, redemption. However, Episode VI also contained some implied pro-[[Vietcong]] propaganda at George Lucas' behest via the Ewoks, and the rerelease for ''Episode IV: A New Hope'' also had an infamous edit where it made it seem as though Greedo shot at Han first, with George Lucas later revealing he did the edit (or rather, falsely claimed it was always that way) as a means to promote gun control. The prequel trilogy also had some implied pot-shots at then-president George W. Bush and his War on Terror, and there was also an implied promotion of moral relativity in Revenge of the Sith (where Obi-Wan, when confronting Anakin Skywalker/Darth Vader in the climax, stated in reply to Anakin's declaration that Obi-Wan is his enemy if he's not with him that "only a Sith deals in absolutes.").
|$460,998,007
|-
|''U-571''
|2000
|PG-13
|Had a plot which was based on the first capture of a [[German]] [[Enigma machine]] in [[World War Two]]. Despite the film being patriotic to America, the facts are wrong as the Enigma machine was captured by the [[British]] in 1941 prior to the Americans entering the war.
|$77,122,415
|-
|}

== Debatable Whether Great ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Film
!Year
!Rating
!Comments
!Gross (Domestic)
|-

|Unknown
|-
|''Bugs Bunny's Space Jam''
|1996
|PG
|Michael Jordan uses the help of beloved children's characters from the 1950s (a simpler time in America's history) to beat back foreign invaders who wish to take away our freedoms.
|$ 90,443,603
|-
|''[[One Good Cop]]''
|1991
|R
|Titular [[New York City]] police detective (Michael Keaton) and his wife (Rene Russo) inherit a family-three small girls-when the detective's partner (Anthony Lapaglia) dies on duty. Has positive portrayals of law enforcers and clergy (one priest turns in money that was stolen from a drug dealer by the cop and left as a donation to his church and the girls talk about "going to Jesus"). Typical violent skirmishes mixed with tender sentimental ones, but also admissions of past adultery by the ill-fated partner, smoking, drinking, much profanity and, of course, illegal drugs.
|$ 11,276,846
|-
|''Jack and Jill''
|2011
|PG
|Adam Sandler stars as both Jack and Jill in this family comedy that is pro-capitalism and pro-family values
|$ 149,673,788
|-
|''[[An American Carol]]''
|2008
|PG-13
|[[David Zucker]]'s [[conservative]] comedy starring Kevin Farley, Kelsey Grammer, Jon Voight, Dennis Hopper, Trace Adkins and Leslie Nielsen.
|$7,013,191
|-
|}

== References ==
<references/>

== See also ==
*[[Essay:Worst Liberal Movies]]
*[[Essay:20 Greatest Conservative Movies of the Last 20 Years]]
*[[Essay:Greatest Conservative Songs]]
*[[Essay:Greatest Conservative TV Shows]]

{{Conservatism}}

[[Category:Essays about Conservatism]]
[[Category:Hollywood]]
[[Category:Greatest Conservative Movies]]
[[Category:Movies]]

Essay:Greatest Conservative Movies

2015-09-25T11:52:35Z

Bauhaus: added full stop and changed spelling

'''There have been many superb [[conservative]] films''':

==Narrative features==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Film
!Year
!Rating
!Comments
!Gross (Domestic)
|-
|''The 6th Day''
|2009
|PG-13
|Pro-Life, Anti-[[cloning]] movie Featuring Republican Governor [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]
|$ 34,543,701|
|-
|''17 Again''
|2009
|PG-13
|Main lesson is that choosing family and life over death and possible material riches is much more rewarding and fulfilling even if at times we don’t recognize it. Stands up for abstinence, and self-respect, and contains a strong speech for both of them. Such as "Because there is no one that I'm in love with. Its called making love, isn't it? Maybe I'm old fashion, but I think that means you do it with someone you love. And preferably when your married, when your ready to take that love and turn it into a baby."
|$64,167,069
|-
|''[[1984]]''
|1984
|R
|Big-screen adaptation of the iconic [[conservative]] text from [[George Orwell]].
|$8,430,492
|-
|''[[A Charlie Brown Christmas]]''
|1965
|G
|The real meaning of Christmas is discussed, as Linus quotes Luke 2:8-14. Decries the materialism that surrounds the Christmas holiday.
|NA - TV
|-
|''A Christmas Story''
|1983
|PG
|Heartwarming comedy about a kid who wants a BB Gun for Christmas
|$19,294,144
|-
|''A Gathering of Eagles''
|1963
|UR
|Illustrates duty, honor, and the burden of command.
|Unknown
|-
|''A Man For All Seasons''
|1966
|UR
|In 16th Century England, statesman and philosopher Thomas More is forced to choose between his Catholic faith and his loyalty to the king. Winner of the Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Actor, Best Cinematography, and Best Costume Design in 1966.
|$ 20,000,000<ref>This figure is a worldwide gross.</ref>
|-
|''Adam's Rib''
|1949
|Not rated
| Spencer Tracy hilariously exposes budding feminist Katharine Hepburn's hypocritical double standards in the legal system.
|
|-
|''Air Force One''
|1997
|R
|Positively portrays a strong U.S. president who takes an uncompromising stance against terrorism. Includes positive material about family, authority, the military and sacrifice.
|$ 172,956,409
|-
|''Alone Yet Not Alone''
|2013
|PG-13
|Conservative Movie that demonstrates the significance that Christianity has had in building this great country of ours. Liberals were shaken when it received an Oscar nomination, proving that there is still a strong, prevalent Conservative voice in Hollywood.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Amazing Grace (movie)|Amazing Grace]]''
|2006
|PG
|Shows the horrors of slave trade. Also makes clear that, contrary to academic claims, Christianity played the largest role in the abolition movement, and that most secular humanists either supported slavery or otherwise did not do a thing to stop it.
|$ 21,208,358
|-
|''American Sniper''
|2015
|R
|The biopic of [[Iraq War]] [[veteran]], [[patriot]] and [[hero]], [[United States Navy|Navy]] [[SEAL]] [[sniper]] [[Chris Kyle]].
|$304,000,000.
|-
|''[[Animal Farm]]''
|1999
|Not Rated
|Live-action film adaptation of the [[conservative]] text of the same name from [[George Orwell]] and of the 1945 original.
|NA - TV
|-
|''[[Argo]]''
|2012
|R
|A daring rescue of Americans trapped in Iran during the [[Iranian Hostage Crisis]]. Also shows the incompetence of the [[Jimmy Carter]] administration in dealing with the hostage crisis.
|
|-
|''[[Atlas Shrugged, Part 1|Atlas Shrugged - Part 1]]''
|2011
|PG-13
|Big screen adaptation of the classic objectivist text.
|$ 4,563,873|
|-
|''Bee Movie''
|2007
|PG
|Even a little bee can change the world. Shows the destructiveness of environmentaslism (i.e. butting into natures problems un the name of helping her), espouces the reward of hard work.
|$287,594,577
|-
|''Bella''
|2007
|PG-13
|[[Pro-life]] drama.
|$8,070,537
|-
|''[[Ben-Hur (film, 1959)|Ben-Hur]]''
|1959
|UR
|Celebrates honor and duty to family and country, with a pro-Christian ending, long held the record for the most [[Academy Awards]].
|$ 17,300,000
|-
|''The Blues Brothers''
|1980
|R
|Comedy musical. A story of redemption, "A mission from God", raising money to save a Catholic orphanage. R-rated movie for vulgar language, slap stick comedy. Vatican approved. <ref>[http://liveshots.blogs.foxnews.com/2010/06/18/vatican-blesses-blues-brothers/ Vatican Calls The Blues Brothers “Catholic”, FOXNews, June 19, 2010]</ref>
|$ 57,229,890
|-
|''Brazil''
|1985
|R
|Much like the conservative text ''1984'' it promotes the idea that big government is wrong for this world.
|
|-
|''[[Bruce Almighty]]''
|2003
|PG-13
|Shows, in a comedic, accessible way, that no one mortal can successfully do [[God]]'s job. (Written by Steve Koren & Mark O'Keefe, the same writers of ''Click''.)
|$242,589,580
|-
|''[[Captain America: The First Avenger]]''
|2011
|PG-13
|Contains messages of patriotism, perseverance and standing up to evil dictators. The film's protagonist Steve Rogers is also arguably the most conservative superhero of the Avengers universe. Last film produced by Marvel Studios before it's takeover by liberal parent [[Disney]].
|$176,654,505
|-
|''Captain America: The Winter Soldier''
|2014
|PG-13
|Film about a hero who believes in the principles that the United States was founded on and is unwilling to see them be destroyed. The filmmakers based the villains of this film on the NSA and the Obama administration.
|$259,766,572
|-
|''Chariots of Fire''
|1981
|PG
|Stories of devout Scottish Christian [[Eric Liddell]] who wants to run for the glory of God and Jewish [[Harold Abrahams]], struggling to overcome prejudice in 1924 Britain. That year's Olmypics Games was especially spiritual when Liddell refused the Prince of Wales' request that he perform his competition on a Sunday.
|$ 58,972,904
|-
|''Cheaper by the Dozen''
|2003
|PG
|Pro-family movie, as the father must sacrifice his dream for his family.
|$190,212,113
|-
|''Chinatown''
|1974
|R
|A thriller about the deceit surrounding water rights in southern California and L.A.'s water system, removing most of the water from the central valley. Sequel: "The Two Jakes" (1990)
|$ 30,000,000 (world wide estimate)
|-
|''Chitty Chitty Bang Bang''
|1968
|G
|Family fights against the villainous king and queen who have outlawed children The film is also pro-family, pro-capitalism, and shows the qualities of practicality.
|$ 7.5 million
|-
|''[[The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe]]''
|2005
|PG
|Based upon the Christian allegory written by C.S. Lewis.
|$ 291,709,845
|-
|data-sort-value="Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian"|[[The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian]]
|2008
|PG
|
|$ 141,621,490
|-
|''[[The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader]]''
|2010
|PG
|
|$ 104,383,624
|-
|''City Slickers''
|1991
|PG-13
|Motivational feel good movie about a man who goes on vacation to Colorado with his friends to be cowboys in order to find his happiness. The main lesson is about having values and knowing what's really importance in life
|$179,033,791
|-
|''Click''
|2006
|PG-13
|A man gets a remote control that can control his life and be able to skip many events in it, including many involving his family. He then learns that he should instead appreciate his life and his family to its fullest, and to not to be ungrateful with experiences that he thinks, out of selfishness, he doesn't always feel like living. (Written by Steve Koren & Mark O'Keefe, the same writers of ''[[Bruce Almighty]]''.)
|$137,340,146
|-
|''Coach Carter''
|2005
|PG-13
|Promotes the theme that graduating from high school and having proper moral values are more important than becoming famous athletes.
|$67,253,092
|-
|''Cobra''
|1986
|R
|[[Sylvester Stallone]] plays a tough police officer who is seemingly above the law, in order to control and stop crime. The liberals and the press are shown in a negative point for not supporting his enforcement.
|$357,067,947
|-
|''Coma''
|1978
|PG
|Villains are running an anti-life conspiracy at a hospital.
|$
|-
|''Contact''
|1997
|PG
|The overall message is about how science and faith do not have to be in opposition to one another.
|$ 100,853,835
|-
|''Courageous''
|2011
|PG-13
|Sherwood Pictures film focusing on the role of fathers and the need for them.
|$ 34,522,221
|-
|''Cronos''
|1993
|R
|In this Mexican film by Guillermo del Toro (''Pan's Labyrinth'', ''Hellboy''), an elderly antiques dealer has a chance at immortality—but at the cost of being a leech to others. Mostly in Spanish with large parts in English.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[The Dark Knight]]''
|2008
|PG-13
|Christian allegory with message of not giving in to terrorists.
|$ 533,316,061
|-
|''[[The Dark Knight Rises]]''
|2012
|PG-13
|Movie that depicts [[Occupy Wall Street]] esque protestors as terrorists and has a hero that does the right thing even when it is the harder thing to do.
|$441,053,078
|-
|''Dark Matter''
|2007
|R
|A candid look at [[professor values]] along with problems associated with lack of assimilation; [[liberal]]s first praised the movie, but after realizing its [[conservative]] message, panned it.
|$ 30,041
|-
|''Don't tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead''
|1991
|PG-13
|Five siblings are left alone for the summer, with no money after their elderly babysitter passes away. They realize the importance of hard work, as well the responsibliites of being an adult, and the negative effects of drugs.
|$25,196,249
|-
|''Dumbo''
|1941
|G
|Exploiting the classic liberal trap of over analyzing. Illustrates the effective management of a business that treats people and animals as equals. Also includes, jolly birds that encourage Dumbo to pull himself up by his bootstraps and learn to fly. Also main character is an elephant
|$29,647,974
|-
|''[[Escape from Hell]]''
|2000
|UR
|Drama about a doctor and near-death experience.
|NA - DVD
|-
|''Evelyn''
|2002
|PG
|True story of Irish father's legal struggle to recover his kids from an orphanage.
|$ 1,483,975
|-
|''[[The Exorcist]]''
|1973
|R
|(''not for children'') - A portrayal of pure evil against a positive characterization of [[Christianity]]. It broke the record for movie revenue and had several sequels and imitators, e.g. ''[[The Omen]]'' in 1976 and The Omen's sequels....
|$ 441,071,011

|-
|''The Expendables''
|2010
|R
|Action movie featuring such Conservative Stars as [[Sylvester Stallone]], [[Bruce Willis]], and former California Governor [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]
|$103,068,524
|-
|''The Expendables 2''
|2012
|R
|Sequel to 2010's ''The Expendables'' starring returning Conservative action stars Stallone, Willis and Schwarzenegger as well as [[Chuck Norris]].
|$11.5
|-
|[[Facing the Giants]]
|2006
|PG
|Trust in [[God]], let him take over, and good things will happen.
|$ 10,178,331
|-
|''Faith of My Fathers''
|2005
|PG-13
|The true story of [[John McCain]] when he served valiantly in the Vietnam War.
|
|-
|Ferris Bueller's Day Off
|1986
|PG-13
|Shows teenage fun without the use of drugs, alcohol or smoking, main character spends a lot of time with his girlfriend and possibly chooses abstinence. Hero also says, he is not socialist, and will never be socialist. Mocks public schools and liberal teaching
| $70,136,369
|-
|''Fiddler on the Roof''
|1971
|G
|A celebration of tradition, faith, and the importance of family, against a historical background of the persecution of Russian Jews.
|$ 50,000,000
|-
|''[[Fireproof (film)|Fireproof]]''
|2008
|PG
|Highly successful pro-Christian, pro-marriage film created by [[Sherwood Pictures]].
|$ 33,451,479
|-
|''Flash of Genius''
|2008
|PG-13
|The intellectual property of a hard-working, solitary inventor is promoted, and his children stuck by his side through enormous difficulties.
|$ 3,744,790
|-
|''Flight 93''
|2006
|PG-13
|Shows the bravery of the passengers on Flight 93, which was hijacked on September 11th, 2001, and crashed into a Pennsylvania field. The passengers fought back against the hijackers.
|NA - TV
|-
|''For Greater Glory''
|2012
|R
|The [[Catholic]] Cristeros Army fights back for religious freedom against a suppressive, [[leftist]] government. Based on the Cristeros War of the 1920's.
|$5,608,651
|-
|''[[Forbidden Planet]]''
|1956
|UR
|
|$ 3,000,000
|-
|''The Forgotten''
|2004
|PG-13
|A mystery film with a great [[Pro-life]] message.<ref>[http://www.decentfilms.com/reviews/forgotten.html ''The Forgotten''] at Decent Film Guide</ref>
|Unknown
|-
|''[[The Fountainhead]]''
|1949
|UR
|Gary Cooper and Patricia Neal starring in Ayn Rand's classic story of the right of the individual to produce on their own terms.
|Unknown
|-
|''Gattaca''
|1997
|PG-13
|A condemnation of human genetic engineering, and a wonderful triumph of individualism in an extremely totalitarian regime. Unfortunately the movie ends with a materialistic message: "They say every atom in our bodies was once a part of a star. So, maybe I'm not leaving, maybe I'm going home" (A phrase said when the protagonist finally managed to go to space).
|$ 12,339,633
|-
|''[[Ghostbusters]]''
|1984
|PG
|Fitting satire of an unfair (and likely liberal) professor, senseless academic research, paganism, and a villainous EPA regulator. Sample line by one of the stars (Dan Aykroyd) when asked to shift from the public to the [[private sector]]: “I don’t know about that. I’ve worked in the private sector. They expect results!” Followed by a sequel, "Ghostbusters 2" in 1989.
|$ 238,632,124
|-
|God's Not Dead
|2014
|PG
|Christian film about a brave young man who stands up to his Atheist bully of a professor and demonstrates the strength and wholesomeness of Christianity. Furthermore, it illustrates Atheists as people who acknowledge the existence of God, but deny him out of self hatred. Features Conservative celebrity cameos such as Willie and Korie Robertson (of [[Duck Dynasty]] fame) and the Christian Rock Band, the Newsboys. Liberals were shocked when it stood strong in the box office, being in the top 5 opening weekend
|$9,244,641
|-
|''[[Gone With the Wind]]''
|1939
|UR
|Celebrates a strongly ''feminine'' heroine who is the antithesis of a modern [[feminist]], and held the record for top-grossing movie for decades.
|$ 198,676,459
|-
|The Goonies
|1985
|PG-13
|The adventures of teenagers trying to find a long lost treasure, before the criminals do.
|$61,389,680
|-
|''The Greatest Story Ever Told''
|1965
|UR
| Title says it all: The story of Jesus (played excellently by Max Von Sydow).
|$8,000,000 (U.S.), $20,000,0000 (worldwide)
|-
|''The Green Berets''
|1968
|G
|Vivid defense of our troops' conduct in the Vietnam War.
|$ 11,000,000
|-
|''Groundhog Day''
|1993
|PG
|Pro-Family, Pro-God, promotes Christianity and contains many conservative values
|$70,906,973
|-
|''Harry's War''
|1981
|PG
|Anti-IRS comedy.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Hero]]''
|1992
|PG-13
|Even those with character flaws can do good.
|$ 19,487,173
|-
|''The Hiding Place''
|1975
|PG
|Biopic World War II story of Corrie and Betsy (Elizabeth) ten Boom (Jeannette Clift, Julie Harris), who hid Jews in their Haarlem, Netherlands home's secret wall and were betrayed and imprisoned in Ravensbruck Women's concentration camp in Germany, until Betsy's death and Corrie's accidental release through what would years later be found to be a clerical mistake, as all the other women in Corrie's group of prisoners were gassed to death in January, 1945. A true lesson of "no pit is so deep that God's love is not deeper still." Produced by Billy Graham Evangelical Association's, World Wide Pictures.
|unknown revenue
|-
|''Hitler's Children''
|1943
|UR/PG
|Sensational melodrama about the [[Hitler Youth]] of pre-WWII 1930s Nazi Germany, based on Gregor Ziemer's best selling ''Education for Death: The Making of A Nazi".
|$3,355,000
|-
|''Home Run''
|2013
|PG-13
|Christian Sports Drama about a baseball player, who tries to overcome a serious drinking problem.
|$2,861,020
|-
|''Honey, I Shrunk The Kids''
|1989
|PG
| Loveable genius inventor Wayne Szalinski (Rick Moranis) accidentally shrinks his children and some of his neighbors's while testing his laser shrinking ray, sending them off on an adventure in their own yard against what would be mundane situations and creatures to normal sized people. Spawned two sequels, the obviously opposite ''Honey, I Blew up The Kid'' (1992) and video-made ''Honey, We Shrunk Ourselves'' (1997)
| $130,724,2000
|-
|''The Hurt Locker''
|2008
|R
|A look into the life of an American bomb disposal regiment in Iraq risking their lives for their country and for the innocent by confronting evil. Rated R for violence and language.
|$ 12,647,089
|-
|''I Am David''
|2003
|PG
|Motivational movie to show the power of the individual, and the triumph of charity, faith, and hope as well as showing the dangerous of communism
|$292,376
|-
|''I Confess''
|1953
|UR
|In this classic by Alfred Hitchcock, a clergyman honors his sacred vow of confidentiality with respect to a confession despite intense pressure to disclose it.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[The Incredibles]]''
|2004
|PG
|The world's superheroes are forced to give up their heroics and go into hiding after Mr. Incredible saves a suicidal man as well as a derailed train from a bridge destroyed by one of his enemies (who ironically got away with it), causing the populace to turns on superheroes and lawyers to sue them.

The film celebrates the importance of the family unit; Elastigirl fails at parenting when her husband, Mr. Incredible, neglects to help her raise their children; a traditional family of superheroes is portrayed as the saviors of society, whose importance and presence has been unfairly suppressed. In addition, Mr. Incredible was also shown in the beginning to take marriage seriously, immediately heading over to the wedding when he realizes he may be running late, and doing various crime-stopping when he has time before it.

The movie also contains the conservative idea that recognition should be based on merit rather than on unsubstantiated expectations of equality. The villain, Syndrome, out of sheer jealousy, attempts to kill off real superheroes so that he use technology to pretend to be one, later planning to sell his gadgets so that everyone in the world can be super. "And when everyone is super," he explains, "no one will be." When Mr. Incredible is asked to attend his son's fifth-grade graduation, he criticizes society for "celebrating mediocrity" instead of those who are "genuinely exceptional."
|$631,442,092
|-
|''[[Indiana Jones]] series''
|1981, 1984, 1989, 2008
|PG PG-13
|
|Unknown
|-
|''Invasion of the Body Snatchers''
|1956
|UR
|A science fiction condemnation of [[Communism]], produced for only $420,000 and remade successfully in three additional movies.
|$ 2,500,000
|-
|''[[Iron Eagle]]''
|1986
|PG-13
| A young man's father, an Air Force pilot, is shot down over the Middle East and its up to the young man and an Air Force colonel to save him. Included three sequels in 1988, 1992 and 1995.
|$24,159,872 (U.S.)
|-
|''The Island''
|2005
|PG-13
|Pro-life statement against cloning to harvest organs.
|$ 35,799,026
|-
|''[[Jurassic Park]]''
|1993
|PG-13
|Criticizes the effects of research into genetic [[cloning]],Included two sequels in 1997 and 2001 and a planned fouth entry in 2013.
|$357,067,947
|-
|''King of Kings''
|1961
|PG-13, originally NR
|2 hour, 51 minute widescreen epic by the great director Nicholas Ray about Jesus and his promises of spiritual redemption, as contrasted with the story of the revolutionary leader Barabbas and his promises of worldly redemption.
|Unknown
|-
|''Knute Rockne: All-American''
|1940
|UR
|Stars [[Ronald Reagan]] as corageous football player George Gipp, who dies before an important game.
|Unknown
|-
|''Ladder 49''
|2004
|PG-13
|Shows the courageousness of firefighters.
|$ 74,541,707
|-
|''Last Ounce of Courage''
|2012
|PG
|Family drama about the struggles Christians suffer through politics and abolishment of religious freedom
|$1,585,994
|-
|''Lean on Me''
|1989
|PG-13
|A true story about combating drug use, violence, and contempt for authority while exalting positive values like academic achievement and family values. Biodrama about Paterson, New Jersey's real life [[Joe Clark]]. <ref>http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0097722/</ref>
|$ 31,906,454
|-
|''Liar Liar''
|1997
|PG-13
|Surprisingly takes on an anti-feminist theme by depicting the father as the good, righteous side in a courtroom divorce trial.
|$181,410,615
|-
|''The Lion King''
|1994
|G
|A main message of the movie is honoring thy father, and the power-hungry main antagonist, once he becomes ruler, favors big government, pushes [[liberal values]] and destroys their territory.
|$ 312,825,899
|-
|''The Little Mermaid''
|1989
|G
|A mermaid strives to become a traditional female human, following the patriarchal system of society. The centers around conservative Christian values and contains an anti-feminism theme. The villain is shown in a devilish way, and claims about men not wanting women who talk and care only for a woman's body language (a common claim by feminists against males) is made clear to be lies. In addition, it also contains a pro-traditional marriage theme, and is the last Disney animated feature film to actually treat traditional marriage as a good thing for a while. Despite being set under the sea, it also features an anti-[[Environmentalism]] message, as the characters (namely King Triton) who pushed anti-human sentiments turned out to be wrong in their negative views on humans.
|$111,543,479
|-
|''[[The Lives of Others]]''
|2006
|R
|(''Not for children'') - This German-language film is a stinging criticism of [[Communist]] [[East Germany]] from a liberal perspective.
|$ 11,286,112
|-
|''[[The Fellowship of the Ring (film, 2001)|The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
|2001
|PG-13
|Clear distinction between good and evil with positive themes of friendship, bravery, honor, sacrifice and overcoming temptation.
|$ 314,776,114
|-
|''[[The Two Towers (film, 2002)|The Lord of the Rings: the Two Towers]]''
|2002
|PG-13
|Strong portrayals of redemption and good over evil.
|$ 340,478,898
|-
|''[[The Return of the King (2003 film)|The Lord of the Rings: the Return of the King]]''
|2003
|PG-13
|Bravery, heroism, sacrifice and good ultimately triumphing over evil.
|$ 377,027,325
|-
|''Logan's Run''
|1967
|PG/R
|A man within a liberal society (evideniced by acceptance of homosexuality and work-free spoiled existance) that kills everyone on their 30th claiming it's rebirth (see [[Liberal Denial]]) escapes to find a world of hardwork and ageing.
|
|-
|''The Lost Weekend''
|1945
|UR
|Illustrates the dangers of alcohol abuse.
|Unknown
|-
|''Make Mine Freedom''
|1948
|
|A short cartoon, which shows how [[Capitalism]] works and how [[Communism]] steals [[Freedom]].
|Unknown
|-
|Man Of Steel
|2013
|PG-13
| [[Superman]] is portrayed as a Christ-like figure, shows bravery of the U.S. Military and shows the theme of protecting the ones you love.
|$291,045,518
|-
|''[[Master and Commander | Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World]]''
|2003
|PG-13
|Promotes many positive conservative values including faith in God, patriotism, duty, honor, respect for authority, discipline, bravery, sacrifice, and friendship.
|$ 93,926,386
|-
|''[[Matilda]]''
|1996
|PG
|Film adaptation of Roald Dahl's children's novel of a bright little girl who uses her magical genius to free herself from the foolish, selfish people in her life-her self-absorbed parents, bratty brother and horrid [[public school]] principal.
|$33,084,249
|-
|''Meet the Robinsons''
|2007
|G
|A child does not seem to fit in to society, his main hobby is inventing. He travels to the future to see meet his family, and he realizes persistence pays off in the end and he discovers that his inventions ultimately do change society, and his own life, for the better. The movie shows a message about the value of life, family, and considers the contributions and possibilities lost by every child that is aborted.
|$169,333,034
|-
|''The Mill and the Cross'' (Polish original)
|2011
|UR
|Persecution of Christians in Flanders region of Belgium during the 16th Century
|$ 310,900
|-
|''[[Miracle]]''
|2004
|PG
|Movie about the United States hockey team which won the gold medal in the 1980 Winter Olympics. Stresses the important of hard work, resiliency, selflessness and putting your best effort forward to reach an unseen goal.
|$ 64,445,708
|-
|''Moses''
|1974 Italy-U.K.
|PG
|Italian-British-American production which features [[Burt Lancaster]] playing [[Moses]] the lawgiver. Less flamboyant than Cecil B. Demille's movie The Ten Commandments and focuses more on the Biblical figure of Moses. Originally a 6-part U.S. TV mini-series in 1975, but edited to make it a U.S. movie in 1976.
|unknown money returns
|-
|''Mr. Skeffington''
|1944
|UR
|Bette Davis portrays a socialite whose life is ruined when she turns ugly with age. Anti-Nazi and anti-materialistic.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Mr. Smith Goes to Washington]]''
|1939
|UR
|A tale of a good, simple man rising above the pressures of [[liberals]] to do the right thing. Features perhaps the best defense of the American political system ever committed to film.
|Unknown
|-
|-
|''My Own Private Idaho''
|1991
|R
|Two good friends learn to pull themselves up by their bootstraps and make it in the business world.
|unknown
|-
|''My Son John''
|1952
|UR
|A small-town couple's world is turned upside-down by the discovery that their adult son is a Communist.
| amount made unknown
|-
|''The Name of the Rose''
|1986
|R
|A mystery centered around the balance between faith and science, as well as debate over the role of poverty in religion and religious orders.
|$ 5,595,706
|-
|''The Nativity Story''
|2006
|PG
|Title says it all about this Biblical epic.
|$37,629,831
|-
|''Ninotchka''
|1939
|UR
|
|Unknown
|-
|''Not Without My Daughter''
|1991
|PG-13
|Sally Fields is [[Betty Mahmoody]], the U.S. wife who, along with her daughter, was tricked in 1984 by her Iranian born husband into traveling with him on what he said would be only two weeks in his homeland to visit his relatives (he lied bigtime about the two weeks part!).
|$14,789,113 (U.S.)
|-
|''[[October Baby]]''
|2012
|PG-13
|A first-rate, compelling film that leaves no doubt about how wrong [[abortion]] is.
|$5,357,328
|-
|''[[October Sky]]''
|1999
|PG
|Four high school boys from a rural coal mining town, inspired by Sputnik, set out to build their own rockets and become rocket scientists.
|$ 32,481,825
|-
|''Of Gods and Men'' (French original)
|2010
|R
|Martyrdom of Trappist monks by Muslim terrorists in an impoverished Algerian community
|$ 3,954,651
|-
|''Oh, God!''
|1977
|PG
|Acceptance of God's calling is rewarded, the faithful are vindicated, and naysayers are proven wrong. Had two sequels in 1980 and 1984.
|$ 41,687,243
|-
|''[[On The Waterfront]]''
|1954
|UR
|[[Marlon Brando]] plays Terry Malloy, who under the inspiration of a Catholic priest (Father Barry, played by [[Karl Malden]]), becomes a Christ-like figure. Betrayed by his brother and almost killed by the gang, he finds the strength to overcome and redeem his people from the slavery to the mobsters who run the waterfront. In stunning contrast to the liberals who kept silent about the Communist subversion in Hollywood, the film portrays the informer as the hero; liberal Hollywood never forgave director [[Elia Kazan]] for his stunning film. In real life, Kazan, Malden and screenwriter Budd Schulberg all testified before Congress, along with [[Ronald Reagan]]. Together they broke the power of the Reds in Hollywood.
|$ 9,600,000
|-
|''One Day In The Life of Ivan Denisovich''
|1970 Britain/Norway
|PG
| [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]]'s best selling novel brought to film as Tom Courtneay is the titular prisoner in early 1950s Siberia as punishment for surrendering to the Nazis during World War II and his struggle for small comforts to ease the harsh injusticies of the Gulag. A smashing indictment of the Soviet system.
|amount unknown
|-
|''One Foot In Heaven''
|1941
|UR
|
|Unknown
|-
|''The Pacifier''
|2005
|PG
|Navy Seal Shane Wolfe (Vin Diesel) is assigned to be the guardian of five children, he learns from them the responsibilities of being in a family. As they learn from him the importance of protecting the country
|$113,086,868
|-
|''Parental Guidance''
|2012
|PG
|Two parents raise their kids in liberal way, and as a result are unhappy and rebellious, they leave them alone with their grandparents for a weekend who bring in conservative values, and helps the kids realize the importance of family.
|$119,772,232
|-
|''[[The Patriot]]''
|2000
|R
|A patriot fights for American freedom during the [[American Revolution]].
|$215,294,342[
|-
|''Pinocchio''
|1940
|G
|A kindhearted craftsman wishes for his own son, a blue fairy (resembling the Blessed Virgin Mary) grants his wish and turns one of his wooden puppets into a real boy. The boy learns about "[[moral values]]", and must escape the bad boys who have"[[hollywood values]]" and as a result are turned in donkeys (may represent democrats in pop culture).
|$84,254,167
|-
|''[[Pirates of the Caribbean]]: On Stranger Tides''
|2011
|PG-13
|Unlike the rest of the movies in the series which were pure entertainment, this movie has some good Christian messages and a Christian missionary is presented in a positive light. The climax of the movie presents a very important message too; ''Only God can grant eternal life, not this pagan waters. Men, destroy this profane temple!''
|$1.046 billion
|-
|''[[The Prince of Egypt]]''
|1998
|PG
|An animated telling of the life of [[Moses]].
|$ 101,217,900
|-
|''[[The Pursuit of Happyness]]''
|2006
|PG-13
|A film that shows hard work, dedication, loyalty and trust can result in success and “happiness” for any American, regardless of race, gender or creed. It is an instructional piece about the tradition of “stick-to-it-iveness” that has made America a land of hope and opportunity for so many. This film’s main themes -- the primacy of the family, the blessings of free and open markets, the necessity of staying true to one’s ideals -- are all conservative concepts. .
|$307,077,300
|-
|''Quo Vadis''
|1951
|UR
|The early Christian Church during the time of [[Nero]]'s regime.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]''
|1981
|PG
|
|$242,374,454
|-
|''[[Red Dawn]]''
|1984
|PG-13
|A film by conservative writer and director [[John Milius]] about American high school students resisting a Soviet invasion through guerrilla warfare. Remade in 2012
|$ 35,866,000
|-
|''Rise of the Guardians ''
|2012
|PG
|Four immortal guardians appear as Christ-like creatures, who jobs are to protect those children who belief in them. Two of the guardians are Santa Claus and the Eagle Bunny based on Christian allegories.
|$103,412,758
|-
|''[[Rocky]]''
|1976
|PG
|A talented but down-on-his-luck fighter gets a chance to challenge himself to the ends of his ability. This film-and its sequels and remakes- reinforces man's ability to overcome challenges. Included four sequels and one remake.
|$ 117,235,247
|-
|''[[The Room]]''
|2003
|R
|Anti-alcoholism and adultery. Shows the destructive nature of liberal values.
|$1800 in its initial theater run. Has done much better in recent theater screanings.
|-
|''Rosemary's Baby''
|1968
|R
|Higher powers intervene in this story of a young Catholic mother's devotion to her unborn infant
|Unknown
|-
|''Rudy''
|1993
|PG
|A young man overcomes many obstacles, including dyslexia, to play for the [[Notre Dame]] football team. Shows the value of hard work and never giving up.
|$ 22,750,363
|-
|''The Sandlot''
|1993
|PG
|Honestly depicts 1950s America when boys acted like boys and girls acted like girls, wimps were taught to toughen up, and every boy had a chance to be great. No historical revisionism.
|$ 32,416,586
|-
|''The Santa Clause (Series)''
|1994, 2002, 2006
|PG
|A divorced father of one must take on the responsibility of being Santa Claus after he is chosen, promotes the importance of traditional marriage, and the importance of family and Christmas
|$144,833,357, $144,833,357, $144,833,357
|-
|''Saving Christmas''
|2014
|PG
|Kirk Cameron fights using the truth in the War on Christmas. Liberals tried to censor it, but ultimately became a hit among those who believes in the truth.
|$2,800,000
|-
|''Sergeant York''
|1941
|UR
|A young American soldier during WWI overcomes an unfounded religious objection to killing and becomes a war hero.
|Unknown
|-
|''The Seventh Seal''
|1956
|NR
|Swedish film about the strength of religion.
|
|-
|''The Seventh Sign''
|1988
|R
|Starring Demi Moore, a fictional account of the return of Jesus to usher in the apocalypse and judge mankind. Catholic themed movie has Demi offering her life for the souls of others.
|$ 18,875,011
|-
|''Shane''
|1953
|UR
|Western about defending a homesteading family.
|$ 20,000,000
|-
|''Shattered Glass''
|2003
|PG-13
|Based on the true story of Stephen Glass (Hayden Christensen), a reporter in the late 90's for the liberal magazine The New Republic, lies and distorts news stories to make them entertaining. He begins by submitting an article about the Conservative Political Action Conference, in which he fabricated stories of drinking and sexual mischief. Then, after he writes a colorful but suspicious story on a superstar web hacker, a group from a small online news site begin to question his journalistic integrity.
|$2,220,008
|-
|''Snitch''
|2013
|PG-13
|A father becomes an informant on helping the police arrest drug dealers, so he can get his son out of prison. Pro-drug war, the villains of the movie are all drug dealers.
|$42,930,462
|-
|''Soul Surfer''
|2011
|PG
|The true story of champion surfer 13-year-old Bethany Hamilton who loses her arm to a shark. Her Christian faith helps her overcome her handicap to surf once again.
|$ 43,853,424
|-
|''[[The Sound of Music]]''
|1965
|UR
|Solid family entertainment about Austria's von Trapps before World War II.
|$ 158,671,368
|-
|''[[Spider-Man (film)]]''
|2002
|PG-13
|Praises moral virtue (hard-working teenager, devout aunt and well-meaning uncle) and pokes fun at [[liberals]] (entertainers and journalists). Hero chooses [[abstinence]]. This was one of the most profitable films ever made and had two sequels.
|$ 403,706,375
|-
|''Strategic Air Command''
|1955
|UR
|Actor (and Brigadier [[General]]) [[James Stewart]]'s story of the real [[Strategic Air Command]] and its transition from prop planes to jet planes.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[The Ten Commandments]]''
|1956
|UR
|The definitive film portrayal of [[Exodus]].
|$ 65,500,000
|-
|''The Tree of Life''
|2011
|PG-13
|An adaptation of the Book of Job set in 1950s Texas with a narrative structure based on the nature of human memory which many viewers will find confusing.
|Unknown
|-
|''True Lies''
|1994
|R
|Stars the future Republican governor of California, [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]. Teaches conservative values like marital loyalty, and political incorrect facts such as the fact that most terrorists are Middle Eastern radicals who don't value human life.
|$ 146,261,000
|-
|''The Tunnel'' (''Der Tunnel'')
|2001
|
|Based on a true story a group of East Berliners escaping harsh Communist rule and hatch a plan to help others escape that same oppressive regime.
|$ 10,890
|-
|''Twelve O'Clock High''
|1949
|UR
|A thrilling movie about the heroics of fighter pilots during [[World War II]]; used as an educational film for management training seminars.
|$ 3,225,000
|-
|''Uncle Buck''
|1989
|PG-13
|A slobbish bachelor babysits his rebellious teenage niece and her younger brother and sister, and they learn the true importance of family.
|$79,258,538
|-
|''[[Veggie Tales]]''
|1993-Present
|TV-Y
|The adventures of anthropomorphic vegetables, where the stories are all based upon moral themes based on Christianity.
|Made for TV
|-
|''We Were Soldiers''
|2002
|R
|Pro-war story film based on the soldiers and families fighting in World War II.
|$114,660,784
|-
|''The Wicker Man''
|2006
|PG-13
|Shows the dangers of feminism.
|
|-
|''Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory''
|1971
|G
|Showing the importance of having character. Charlie is able to accept the consequences of his actions. He acknowledges his wrongdoing while in the factory, and relinquishes a potential goldmine, from the sale of his everlasting gobstopper to a rival spy, back to Wonka.
The hidden message in this film is one of redemption. It is hidden because it is conveyed through the imagery of the films final scene. Charlie has made it to the end of his journey. Despite his moral struggles, he finds redemption through his desire to correct his mistake. He is given a reward that is beyond his wildest expectations- he is given the keys to the factory while the Wonkavator crashes through the ceiling up into the sky. The allusion to Heaven and salvation is unmistakable.
|$4 million
|-
|''The Winning Team''
|1952
|UR
|[[Ronald Reagan]] stars as a baseball pitcher who overcomes his problems to help his team win. This was one of Reagan's own favorites.
|Unknown
|-
|''Witness''
|1985
|R
|Highlights the virtues of strong moral values, with more substance than ''High Noon''.
|$ 65,500,000
|-
|''Won't Back Down''
|2012
|PG-13
|A brilliant movie that criticizes public schools.
|
|-
|''[[World Trade Center]]''
|2006
|PG-13
|Highlights the bravery of NYC's firemen and police in [[9/11]]
|$ 70,236,496
|-
|''Wreck It Ralph''
|2012
|PG
|Main lesson of the film is that Ralph a video game villain who is being the poor and medal-less guy encourages him to use his equal opportunities to do better and pursue his own successes. The basis of the American Dream, the goal of overcoming one's present, lowly circumstances to achieve a state of greatness; and shows how trying to achieving this goal by theft, is the wrong way to do it. In addition the main villain of the movie is competition-hating villain, who has a pushed liberal values and established what's like a fixed-economy where in a game only he wins.
|$189,422,889
|-
|}

==Documentaries==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Film
!Year
!Rating
!Comments
!Gross (Domestic)
|-
|''[[2016: Obama's America]]''
|2012
|PG
|Documentary by Conservative author [[Dinesh D'Souza]] explores the disturbing origins of [[Barack Hussein Obama]], including his inherited philosophy with his [[Barack Obama Sr.|drunken father]] and his inspiration from [[Communist]]s [[Frank Marshall Davis]] and [[William Ayers|Bill Ayers]].
|$33,349,941
|-
|''[[Expelled | Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed]]''
|2008
|PG
|[[Ben Stein]] exposes [[evolution|evolutionists]]' scientific and education system [[deceit]].
|$ 7,690,545
|-
|''[[The Great Global Warming Swindle]]''
|2007
|UR
|Exposing the greatest fraud in the history of science.
|NA - TV
|-
|''[[Hillary: The Movie]]''
|2008
|UR
|Citizens United film exposing Hillary Clinton. This movie was the impetus of the lawsuit which overturned the McCain-Feingold legislation by the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] in ''[[Citizens United v. FEC]]''.
|NA - TV
|-
|''[[How Should We Then Live]]''
|1976
|UR
|Christian film that traces Western history from Ancient Rome until 1976. A study of philosophic, scientific, and religious movements reflecting changing patterns.
|NA - TV
|-
|''[[I Want Your Money]]''
|2010
|PG
|Documentary film which supports the triumph of [[Reagan]]-economics over [[Obamanomics]].
|$433,588
|-
|''[[Indoctrinate U]]''
|2007
|UR
|Exposed political correctness, racial and ethnic politics in the academic setting. <ref>[http://video.yahoo.com/watch/3624795/9994231 Indoctrinate U -Part 1/3, Yahoo]</ref>
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Kids Aren't Cars]]''
|2011
|UR
|How the teachers' unions are destroying our public schools. <ref>[http://www.kidsarentcars.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/KACOneSheet.pdf KAC Summary]</ref>
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Maafa21]]''
|2009
|UR
|This film explores the inception of [[Planned Parenthood]] as an organization created to exterminate African-Americans. It exposes the words of its' racist founder [[Margaret Sanger]] and their impact on black genocide more than a century later. <ref>[http://www.maafa21.com www.maafa21.com]</ref>
|NA - DVD
|-
|''Occupy Unmasked''
|2012
|Not rated
|Documentary about [[Occupy Wall Street]]-movement.
|
|-
|''[[Waiting for Superman]]''
|2010
|PG
|Documentary on the U.S.' failed public school system.
|$ 6,410,257
|-
|''[[The Soviet Story]]''
|2008
|
|Documentary about the crimes of [[Communism]] and the [[Soviet Union]].
|-
|"MARGARET THATCHER - Death of a Revolutionary"
|2013
|
|Shows how Thatcher's economic liberalism helped Britain turn from the sick man of Europe and the only socialist country outside of the [[Iron Curtain]] to one of Europe's best economies. It tells us contrary to popular belief (which is mostly likely lies spread by socialists, liberals and fake conservatives), the working classes actually liked her more than the upper classes.
|}

== Debatable Whether Conservative ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Film
!Year
!Rating
!Comments
!Gross (Domestic)
|-
|''[[Zulu]]''
|1964
|UR
|Courageous, Duty, Patriotism. A defending of Western Civilisation.
|
|-
|''[[The Passion of the Christ]]''
|2004
|R
|Downplays the [[Resurrection]],<ref>The original version of the film had no references at all to the Resurrection.</ref> and strength of Christianity and omits powerful angels; instead exaggerates triumph of evil; film had little lasting effect on public or its producer; portrayed nails as through the hands rather than through the wrists as depicted by the [[Shroud of Turin]] and confirmed by modern science.
|$ 370,782,930
|-
|''Team America: World Police''
|2004
|R
|While is clearly pro-military, pro-America, and anti-Hollywood, the movie is riddled with liberal values, including toilet humor and vulgar language throughout. Also, in the movie's foul mouthed theme song, it says yay to abortion, slavery, pornography, and Democrats, while having no positive reaction to Republicans
|
|-
|''Shame''
|2011
|NC-17
|While the movie shows [[Hollywood Values]], such as sex addiction, in a negative light and is clearly anti-homosexual agenda, as the main character reaches his lowest point by partaking in such acts, the film is graphic in its nature leaving one to question how conservative it really is.
|
|-
|''[[It's a Wonderful Life]]''
|1946
|UR
|Falsely teaches that humanism is what makes life worthwhile; marginalizes [[faith]] with a cartoonish depiction and demonizes capitalism as sadistic and greedy.
|$ 3,300,000
|-
|''[[High Noon]]''
|1952
|UR
|A favorite of both Presidents [[Dwight Eisenhower]] and [[Bill Clinton]]; [[John Wayne]] said it was "the most un-American thing I've ever seen in my whole life";<ref>http://www.brightlightsfilm.com/47/highnoon.php</ref> though susceptible of various interpretations, most of all it seems to scare people into wanting more government.
|$ 3,750,000
|-
|''[[P.C.U.]]''
|1994
|PG-13
|College students fight back against a campus where the administration promotes official [[diversity]] awareness weekends and radical [[feminism]], [[vegan]]ism, and [[political correctness]] run amok, but a conservative group on campus is also portrayed just as negatively as the P.C. groups.
|$ 4,350,774
|-
|''Pillow Talk''
|1959
|UR
|A classic starring Rock Hudson and Doris Day in which conservative values triumph over liberal ones. There are no distortions by feminist ideology. Indeed, in one scene a leading man slaps the leading lady, but then is beaten up by dimwitted bystanders for it!
|$ 18,750,000
|-
|''[[The Way We Were]]''
|1973
|PG
|Unique in the way that it appears liberal to liberals while unintentionally sending a [[conservative]] message to young women.
|$ 49,919,870
|-
|''[[Grease]]''
|1978
|PG
|Some [[conservative]] messages and no [[feminism]] or other [[political correctness]]; mocks [[public school]] and even [[television]] during the 1950s. Followed in 1982 by a much panned sequel (''[[Grease 2]]'').
|$ 153,113,000
|-
|''[[Fargo]]''
|1996
|R
|Pregnant sheriff with traditional American family values solves an elaborate criminal embezzlement, kidnapping and murder scheme.
|$ 24,611,975
|-
|''[[Juno (film)|Juno]]''
|2007
|PG-13
|A pregnant teenage woman rejects [[abortion]] and decides for an adoptive birth instead. This movie pushes [[feminism]] and marginalizes the essential role of fatherhood.
|$ 143,492,840
|-
|''Camelot''
|1967
|G
|The famous jousting scene is a powerful display of Christian values and chivalry, but the movie seems lost afterward.
|$ 31,102,578
|-
|''The Iron Lady''
|2011
|PG-13
|The British biopic of [[Conservative Party]] leader and 1979-90 [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]], Margaret Thatcher, showing the effects of conservative economic policy on Britain, helping to lift the country out of its recession.
|$ 80,554,188 (international including UK), $27,081,674 (US - domestic)
|-
|21 Jump Street
|2011
|R
|Two police officers try to take down a drug ring in high school where the villains are environmentalists and drug dealers. But contains many sexual references, full profanity, and many religious insults
|$201,585,328
|
|-
|''[[The Simpsons]] Movie''
|2007
|PG-13
|Portrays the liberal [[Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] as a villainous and devious agency, and portrays the Government in general as intrusive and corrupt. On the other hand, it also promotes [[environmentalism]] in the beginning.
|$183,135,014
|-
|''Back to the Future''
|1985
|PG
|Contains some conservative messages such as the triumph of chivalry as well as the negative effects of deviancy and drug/alcohol addiction, although the film also promotes negative values including premarital sexual activity and disregard for chasity. Included two sequels in 1989 and 1990.
|$210,609,762
|-
|''The Campaign''
|2012
|R
|Political comedy depicts the Democratic candidate (Will Ferrell) as an obnoxious, drunken womanizer and satire of [[John Edwards]], although the Republican candidate (Zach Galifinakis) is portrayed just as negatively as a corrupt capitalist.
|$33,165,738
|-
|''Knocked Up''
|2007
|R
|Unemployed, immature and childish 23-year old Ben Stone (Seth Rogen) has a one night stand with serious career woman Alison Scott (Katherine Heigl), with the unintended consequence of pregnancy. Alison's mother (Joanna Kerns) says she should get the pregnancy "taken care of", while Ben's best friend Jonah (Jonah Hill) suggests that "I won't say the A-word, but it rhymes with abortion." Alison decides to keep the child, while Ben decides to find a real job, grow up, and become a father.
|$148,768,917
|-
|''[[Beauty and the Beast]]''
|1991
|G
|A young woman overcomes a shallow society and finds true love. Although by comparison a powerful and immensely popular antidote to [[feminism]] to the [[liberal]] movies churned out by [[Disney]] since, as well as overall promoting redemption (as seen with the Beast's transformation), and also promoting some family values (such as Belle being loyal to her father), there were a few hints at feminist propaganda at the beginning of the film, such as Belle being different from the villagers because she can read, which is implied to not be supported by the villagers at all (feminist propaganda often claims that women couldn't get an education until the 1960s), as well as Belle being unwilling to hold the role of housewife for Gaston or raising children. Then-Disney Chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg also mentioned that he wanted "a feminist twist" on the original fairy tale by creating a heroine who is "a departure from typical Disney female characters",<ref>http://articles.mcall.com/1991-11-22/features/2825583_1_beast-s-castle-fairy-tale-madame-gabrielle</ref> and Linda Woolverton made clear that she made Belle a feminist and based her on the women's liberation movement in order to avoid creating another insipid princess.<ref name="Beauty and Maleficent">{{Cite web|url = http://time.com/2798136/maleficent-beauty-beast-writer/|title = The Same Woman Wrote Maleficent and Beauty and the Beast—Here’s How They’re Linked|date = May 30, 2014|accessdate = January 16, 2014|website = Time|publisher = |last = Rothman|first = Lily}}</ref> Gaston is a conservative and hardworking hunter who is considered by the villagers to be their town hero, but is shown to be the main villain of the movie (it should also be noted that in the original screenplay for the film, Gaston was intended to be a Marquess [French nobleman], meaning the decision to make him a conservative and hardworking hunter was made after a rewrite). In addition, the villagers (strongly implied to be practicing and devout Christians) were later briefly seen supporting a plan that went against God's teachings. In addition, Belle's love for Beast (where it is implied that she was largely unaware of the Beast being formerly a human prince) could be seen as promoting bestiality. Also, it is the first Disney movie to neither show nor hint at the two love interests getting married, and in fact, the only "wedding" in the film was the one Belle ruined, creating negative implications about marriage as a result, as well as starting a string of movies that don't paint marriage in a positive light. There were also several overtones of a pro-homosexual agenda within the film, including the mob song late into the film, largely because of the executive producer, Howard Ashman, being gay and dying from AIDs at the time the film was made. One of the protagonistic characters, Lumiere, is briefly seen making out with a featherduster and was implied that the two weren't married, with some hints at Lumiere being a unrepentant womanizer. In addition, some elements of the film were later reused in the [[Essay:Worst Liberal Movies#Social|definitely liberal]] ''Maleficent'' movie.<ref name="Beauty and Maleficent" />
|$ 25,487,028
|-
|''[[Titanic]]''
|1997
|PG-13
|Every life had value and the most powerful men gave up their seats on lifeboats to women and children first; the media and a young [[RINO]] are rightly criticized; broke the record in movie revenues. However, it also gave some hints at a pro-socialist view, and a key scene involving Rose being drawn in the nude is invocative of pornography.
|$ 600,779,824
|-
|''[[The Hunger Games]]''
|2012
|PG-13
|Futuristic totalitarians plan titular annual televisied "games" as punishement on the descendants of failed revolutionaries from a past uprising. Although technically a message against totalitarianism and for individualism, Leftist actor Donald Sutherland, who played President Snow, implied that the struggles of the films' protagonists were supposed to be derived from the Occupy Wall Street movement, and the book's author also indicated that the events of the book were based on the George W. Bush administration.
|$406,267,858
|-
|Super
|2010
|R
|Main character becomes a super hero after a vision from God. He also frequently turns to prayer and a Christian television show for guidance. Even though his wife leaves him for a drug dealer, he remains loyal to her for the whole movie. Although contains foul language, violence, and brief nudity scenes.
|Unknown
|-
|''The LEGO Movie''
|2014
|PG
|Anti-Large Government, with a message that anyone has the potential to be extraordinary. However is also anti-capitalist, and the main villain is Lord Business
|
|-
|''We're the Milers''
|2013
|R
|A drug dealer, stripper, runaway, and average loser pretend to be a make family to sneak marijuana out of Mexico. However they learn the value and importance of family. The villains of the movie are all drug gang men, the film also features a stripper scene, and weather or not the film is anti-drug in the end is debatable
|$150,394,119
|-
|Kingsman: The Secret Service
|2015
|R
|Anti-enviromentalist, the villian attempts to eradicate the human race because of his belief in man made global warming. Though film is full of language and violence as well as a brief nudity scene.
|
|-
|''[[Star Wars]]''
|1977-1983 (Original Trilogy); 1999-2005 (Prequel Trilogy); 2015- (Sequel Trilogy)
|PG, PG-13 (Episode III Only)
|Mostly composed of simple truths about the triumph of good over evil, and in the case of Episode VI: Return of the Jedi, redemption. However, Episode VI also contained some implied pro-[[Vietcong]] propaganda at George Lucas' behest via the Ewoks, and the rerelease for ''Episode IV: A New Hope'' also had an infamous edit where it made it seem as though Greedo shot at Han first, with George Lucas later revealing he did the edit (or rather, falsely claimed it was always that way) as a means to promote gun control. The prequel trilogy also had some implied pot-shots at then-president George W. Bush and his War on Terror, and there was also an implied promotion of moral relativity in Revenge of the Sith (where Obi-Wan, when confronting Anakin Skywalker/Darth Vader in the climax, stated in reply to Anakin's declaration that Obi-Wan is his enemy if he's not with him that "only a Sith deals in absolutes.").
|$460,998,007
|}

== Debatable Whether Great ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Film
!Year
!Rating
!Comments
!Gross (Domestic)
|-

|Unknown
|-
|''Bugs Bunny's Space Jam''
|1996
|PG
|Michael Jordan uses the help of beloved children's characters from the 1950s (a simpler time in America's history) to beat back foreign invaders who wish to take away our freedoms.
|$ 90,443,603
|-
|''[[One Good Cop]]''
|1991
|R
|Titular [[New York City]] police detective (Michael Keaton) and his wife (Rene Russo) inherit a family-three small girls-when the detective's partner (Anthony Lapaglia) dies on duty. Has positive portrayals of law enforcers and clergy (one priest turns in money that was stolen from a drug dealer by the cop and left as a donation to his church and the girls talk about "going to Jesus"). Typical violent skirmishes mixed with tender sentimental ones, but also admissions of past adultery by the ill-fated partner, smoking, drinking, much profanity and, of course, illegal drugs.
|$ 11,276,846
|-
|''Jack and Jill''
|2011
|PG
|Adam Sandler stars as both Jack and Jill in this family comedy that is pro-capitalism and pro-family values
|$ 149,673,788
|-
|''[[An American Carol]]''
|2008
|PG-13
|[[David Zucker]]'s [[conservative]] comedy starring Kevin Farley, Kelsey Grammer, Jon Voight, Dennis Hopper, Trace Adkins and Leslie Nielsen.
|$7,013,191
|-
|}

== References ==
<references/>

== See also ==
*[[Essay:Worst Liberal Movies]]
*[[Essay:20 Greatest Conservative Movies of the Last 20 Years]]
*[[Essay:Greatest Conservative Songs]]
*[[Essay:Greatest Conservative TV Shows]]

{{Conservatism}}

[[Category:Essays about Conservatism]]
[[Category:Hollywood]]
[[Category:Greatest Conservative Movies]]
[[Category:Movies]]

Essay:Greatest Conservative Movies

2015-09-25T11:49:23Z

Bauhaus: added new stuff!

'''There have been many superb [[conservative]] films''':

==Narrative features==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Film
!Year
!Rating
!Comments
!Gross (Domestic)
|-
|''The 6th Day''
|2009
|PG-13
|Pro-Life, Anti-[[cloning]] movie Featuring Republican Governor [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]
|$ 34,543,701|
|-
|''17 Again''
|2009
|PG-13
|Main lesson is that choosing family and life over death and possible material riches is much more rewarding and fulfilling even if at times we don’t recognize it. Stands up for abstinence, and self-respect, and contains a strong speech for both of them. Such as "Because there is no one that I'm in love with. Its called making love, isn't it? Maybe I'm old fashion, but I think that means you do it with someone you love. And preferably when your married, when your ready to take that love and turn it into a baby."
|$64,167,069
|-
|''[[1984]]''
|1984
|R
|Big-screen adaptation of the iconic [[conservative]] text from [[George Orwell]].
|$8,430,492
|-
|''[[A Charlie Brown Christmas]]''
|1965
|G
|The real meaning of Christmas is discussed, as Linus quotes Luke 2:8-14. Decries the materialism that surrounds the Christmas holiday.
|NA - TV
|-
|''A Christmas Story''
|1983
|PG
|Heartwarming comedy about a kid who wants a BB Gun for Christmas
|$19,294,144
|-
|''A Gathering of Eagles''
|1963
|UR
|Illustrates duty, honor, and the burden of command.
|Unknown
|-
|''A Man For All Seasons''
|1966
|UR
|In 16th Century England, statesman and philosopher Thomas More is forced to choose between his Catholic faith and his loyalty to the king. Winner of the Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Actor, Best Cinematography, and Best Costume Design in 1966.
|$ 20,000,000<ref>This figure is a worldwide gross.</ref>
|-
|''Adam's Rib''
|1949
|Not rated
| Spencer Tracy hilariously exposes budding feminist Katharine Hepburn's hypocritical double standards in the legal system.
|
|-
|''Air Force One''
|1997
|R
|Positively portrays a strong U.S. president who takes an uncompromising stance against terrorism. Includes positive material about family, authority, the military and sacrifice.
|$ 172,956,409
|-
|''Alone Yet Not Alone''
|2013
|PG-13
|Conservative Movie that demonstrates the significance that Christianity has had in building this great country of ours. Liberals were shaken when it received an Oscar nomination, proving that there is still a strong, prevalent Conservative voice in Hollywood.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Amazing Grace (movie)|Amazing Grace]]''
|2006
|PG
|Shows the horrors of slave trade. Also makes clear that, contrary to academic claims, Christianity played the largest role in the abolition movement, and that most secular humanists either supported slavery or otherwise did not do a thing to stop it.
|$ 21,208,358
|-
|''American Sniper''
|2015
|R
|The biopic of [[Iraq War]] [[veteran]], [[patriot]] and [[hero]], [[United States Navy|Navy]] [[SEAL]] [[sniper]] [[Chris Kyle]].
|$304,000,000.
|-
|''[[Animal Farm]]''
|1999
|Not Rated
|Live-action film adaptation of the [[conservative]] text of the same name from [[George Orwell]] and of the 1945 original.
|NA - TV
|-
|''[[Argo]]''
|2012
|R
|A daring rescue of Americans trapped in Iran during the [[Iranian Hostage Crisis]]. Also shows the incompetence of the [[Jimmy Carter]] administration in dealing with the hostage crisis.
|
|-
|''[[Atlas Shrugged, Part 1|Atlas Shrugged - Part 1]]''
|2011
|PG-13
|Big screen adaptation of the classic objectivist text.
|$ 4,563,873|
|-
|''Bee Movie''
|2007
|PG
|Even a little bee can change the world. Shows the destructiveness of environmentaslism (i.e. butting into natures problems un the name of helping her), espouces the reward of hard work.
|$287,594,577
|-
|''Bella''
|2007
|PG-13
|[[Pro-life]] drama.
|$8,070,537
|-
|''[[Ben-Hur (film, 1959)|Ben-Hur]]''
|1959
|UR
|Celebrates honor and duty to family and country, with a pro-Christian ending, long held the record for the most [[Academy Awards]].
|$ 17,300,000
|-
|''The Blues Brothers''
|1980
|R
|Comedy musical. A story of redemption, "A mission from God", raising money to save a Catholic orphanage. R-rated movie for vulgar language, slap stick comedy. Vatican approved. <ref>[http://liveshots.blogs.foxnews.com/2010/06/18/vatican-blesses-blues-brothers/ Vatican Calls The Blues Brothers “Catholic”, FOXNews, June 19, 2010]</ref>
|$ 57,229,890
|-
|''Brazil''
|1985
|R
|Much like the conservative text ''1984'' it promotes the idea that big government is wrong for this world.
|
|-
|''[[Bruce Almighty]]''
|2003
|PG-13
|Shows, in a comedic, accessible way, that no one mortal can successfully do [[God]]'s job. (Written by Steve Koren & Mark O'Keefe, the same writers of ''Click''.)
|$242,589,580
|-
|''[[Captain America: The First Avenger]]''
|2011
|PG-13
|Contains messages of patriotism, perseverance and standing up to evil dictators. The film's protagonist Steve Rogers is also arguably the most conservative superhero of the Avengers universe. Last film produced by Marvel Studios before it's takeover by liberal parent [[Disney]].
|$176,654,505
|-
|''Captain America: The Winter Soldier''
|2014
|PG-13
|Film about a hero who believes in the principles that the United States was founded on and is unwilling to see them be destroyed. The filmmakers based the villains of this film on the NSA and the Obama administration.
|$259,766,572
|-
|''Chariots of Fire''
|1981
|PG
|Stories of devout Scottish Christian [[Eric Liddell]] who wants to run for the glory of God and Jewish [[Harold Abrahams]], struggling to overcome prejudice in 1924 Britain. That year's Olmypics Games was especially spiritual when Liddell refused the Prince of Wales' request that he perform his competition on a Sunday.
|$ 58,972,904
|-
|''Cheaper by the Dozen''
|2003
|PG
|Pro-family movie, as the father must sacrifice his dream for his family.
|$190,212,113
|-
|''Chinatown''
|1974
|R
|A thriller about the deceit surrounding water rights in southern California and L.A.'s water system, removing most of the water from the central valley. Sequel: "The Two Jakes" (1990)
|$ 30,000,000 (world wide estimate)
|-
|''Chitty Chitty Bang Bang''
|1968
|G
|Family fights against the villainous king and queen who have outlawed children The film is also pro-family, pro-capitalism, and shows the qualities of practicality.
|$ 7.5 million
|-
|''[[The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe]]''
|2005
|PG
|Based upon the Christian allegory written by C.S. Lewis.
|$ 291,709,845
|-
|data-sort-value="Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian"|[[The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian]]
|2008
|PG
|
|$ 141,621,490
|-
|''[[The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader]]''
|2010
|PG
|
|$ 104,383,624
|-
|''City Slickers''
|1991
|PG-13
|Motivational feel good movie about a man who goes on vacation to Colorado with his friends to be cowboys in order to find his happiness. The main lesson is about having values and knowing what's really importance in life
|$179,033,791
|-
|''Click''
|2006
|PG-13
|A man gets a remote control that can control his life and be able to skip many events in it, including many involving his family. He then learns that he should instead appreciate his life and his family to its fullest, and to not to be ungrateful with experiences that he thinks, out of selfishness, he doesn't always feel like living. (Written by Steve Koren & Mark O'Keefe, the same writers of ''[[Bruce Almighty]]''.)
|$137,340,146
|-
|''Coach Carter''
|2005
|PG-13
|Promotes the theme that graduating from high school and having proper moral values are more important than becoming famous athletes.
|$67,253,092
|-
|''Cobra''
|1986
|R
|[[Sylvester Stallone]] plays a tough police officer who is seemingly above the law, in order to control and stop crime. The liberals and the press are shown in a negative point for not supporting his enforcement.
|$357,067,947
|-
|''Coma''
|1978
|PG
|Villains are running an anti-life conspiracy at a hospital.
|$
|-
|''Contact''
|1997
|PG
|The overall message is about how science and faith do not have to be in opposition to one another.
|$ 100,853,835
|-
|''Courageous''
|2011
|PG-13
|Sherwood Pictures film focusing on the role of fathers and the need for them.
|$ 34,522,221
|-
|''Cronos''
|1993
|R
|In this Mexican film by Guillermo del Toro (''Pan's Labyrinth'', ''Hellboy''), an elderly antiques dealer has a chance at immortality—but at the cost of being a leech to others. Mostly in Spanish with large parts in English.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[The Dark Knight]]''
|2008
|PG-13
|Christian allegory with message of not giving in to terrorists.
|$ 533,316,061
|-
|''[[The Dark Knight Rises]]''
|2012
|PG-13
|Movie that depicts [[Occupy Wall Street]] esque protestors as terrorists and has a hero that does the right thing even when it is the harder thing to do.
|$441,053,078
|-
|''Dark Matter''
|2007
|R
|A candid look at [[professor values]] along with problems associated with lack of assimilation; [[liberal]]s first praised the movie, but after realizing its [[conservative]] message, panned it.
|$ 30,041
|-
|''Don't tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead''
|1991
|PG-13
|Five siblings are left alone for the summer, with no money after their elderly babysitter passes away. They realize the importance of hard work, as well the responsibliites of being an adult, and the negative effects of drugs.
|$25,196,249
|-
|''Dumbo''
|1941
|G
|Exploiting the classic liberal trap of over analyzing. Illustrates the effective management of a business that treats people and animals as equals. Also includes, jolly birds that encourage Dumbo to pull himself up by his bootstraps and learn to fly. Also main character is an elephant
|$29,647,974
|-
|''[[Escape from Hell]]''
|2000
|UR
|Drama about a doctor and near-death experience.
|NA - DVD
|-
|''Evelyn''
|2002
|PG
|True story of Irish father's legal struggle to recover his kids from an orphanage.
|$ 1,483,975
|-
|''[[The Exorcist]]''
|1973
|R
|(''not for children'') - A portrayal of pure evil against a positive characterization of [[Christianity]]. It broke the record for movie revenue and had several sequels and imitators, e.g. ''[[The Omen]]'' in 1976 and The Omen's sequels....
|$ 441,071,011

|-
|''The Expendables''
|2010
|R
|Action movie featuring such Conservative Stars as [[Sylvester Stallone]], [[Bruce Willis]], and former California Governor [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]
|$103,068,524
|-
|''The Expendables 2''
|2012
|R
|Sequel to 2010's ''The Expendables'' starring returning Conservative action stars Stallone, Willis and Schwarzenegger as well as [[Chuck Norris]].
|$11.5
|-
|[[Facing the Giants]]
|2006
|PG
|Trust in [[God]], let him take over, and good things will happen.
|$ 10,178,331
|-
|''Faith of My Fathers''
|2005
|PG-13
|The true story of [[John McCain]] when he served valiantly in the Vietnam War.
|
|-
|Ferris Bueller's Day Off
|1986
|PG-13
|Shows teenage fun without the use of drugs, alcohol or smoking, main character spends a lot of time with his girlfriend and possibly chooses abstinence. Hero also says, he is not socialist, and will never be socialist. Mocks public schools and liberal teaching
| $70,136,369
|-
|''Fiddler on the Roof''
|1971
|G
|A celebration of tradition, faith, and the importance of family, against a historical background of the persecution of Russian Jews.
|$ 50,000,000
|-
|''[[Fireproof (film)|Fireproof]]''
|2008
|PG
|Highly successful pro-Christian, pro-marriage film created by [[Sherwood Pictures]].
|$ 33,451,479
|-
|''Flash of Genius''
|2008
|PG-13
|The intellectual property of a hard-working, solitary inventor is promoted, and his children stuck by his side through enormous difficulties.
|$ 3,744,790
|-
|''Flight 93''
|2006
|PG-13
|Shows the bravery of the passengers on Flight 93, which was hijacked on September 11th, 2001, and crashed into a Pennsylvania field. The passengers fought back against the hijackers.
|NA - TV
|-
|''For Greater Glory''
|2012
|R
|The [[Catholic]] Cristeros Army fights back for religious freedom against a suppressive, [[leftist]] government. Based on the Cristeros War of the 1920's.
|$5,608,651
|-
|''[[Forbidden Planet]]''
|1956
|UR
|
|$ 3,000,000
|-
|''The Forgotten''
|2004
|PG-13
|A mystery film with a great [[Pro-life]] message.<ref>[http://www.decentfilms.com/reviews/forgotten.html ''The Forgotten''] at Decent Film Guide</ref>
|Unknown
|-
|''[[The Fountainhead]]''
|1949
|UR
|Gary Cooper and Patricia Neal starring in Ayn Rand's classic story of the right of the individual to produce on their own terms.
|Unknown
|-
|''Gattaca''
|1997
|PG-13
|A condemnation of human genetic engineering, and a wonderful triumph of individualism in an extremely totalitarian regime. Unfortunately the movie ends with a materialistic message: "They say every atom in our bodies was once a part of a star. So, maybe I'm not leaving, maybe I'm going home" (A phrase said when the protagonist finally managed to go to space).
|$ 12,339,633
|-
|''[[Ghostbusters]]''
|1984
|PG
|Fitting satire of an unfair (and likely liberal) professor, senseless academic research, paganism, and a villainous EPA regulator. Sample line by one of the stars (Dan Aykroyd) when asked to shift from the public to the [[private sector]]: “I don’t know about that. I’ve worked in the private sector. They expect results!” Followed by a sequel, "Ghostbusters 2" in 1989.
|$ 238,632,124
|-
|God's Not Dead
|2014
|PG
|Christian film about a brave young man who stands up to his Atheist bully of a professor and demonstrates the strength and wholesomeness of Christianity. Furthermore, it illustrates Atheists as people who acknowledge the existence of God, but deny him out of self hatred. Features Conservative celebrity cameos such as Willie and Korie Robertson (of [[Duck Dynasty]] fame) and the Christian Rock Band, the Newsboys. Liberals were shocked when it stood strong in the box office, being in the top 5 opening weekend
|$9,244,641
|-
|''[[Gone With the Wind]]''
|1939
|UR
|Celebrates a strongly ''feminine'' heroine who is the antithesis of a modern [[feminist]], and held the record for top-grossing movie for decades.
|$ 198,676,459
|-
|The Goonies
|1985
|PG-13
|The adventures of teenagers trying to find a long lost treasure, before the criminals do.
|$61,389,680
|-
|''The Greatest Story Ever Told''
|1965
|UR
| Title says it all: The story of Jesus (played excellently by Max Von Sydow).
|$8,000,000 (U.S.), $20,000,0000 (worldwide)
|-
|''The Green Berets''
|1968
|G
|Vivid defense of our troops' conduct in the Vietnam War.
|$ 11,000,000
|-
|''Groundhog Day''
|1993
|PG
|Pro-Family, Pro-God, promotes Christianity and contains many conservative values
|$70,906,973
|-
|''Harry's War''
|1981
|PG
|Anti-IRS comedy.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Hero]]''
|1992
|PG-13
|Even those with character flaws can do good.
|$ 19,487,173
|-
|''The Hiding Place''
|1975
|PG
|Biopic World War II story of Corrie and Betsy (Elizabeth) ten Boom (Jeannette Clift, Julie Harris), who hid Jews in their Haarlem, Netherlands home's secret wall and were betrayed and imprisoned in Ravensbruck Women's concentration camp in Germany, until Betsy's death and Corrie's accidental release through what would years later be found to be a clerical mistake, as all the other women in Corrie's group of prisoners were gassed to death in January, 1945. A true lesson of "no pit is so deep that God's love is not deeper still." Produced by Billy Graham Evangelical Association's, World Wide Pictures.
|unknown revenue
|-
|''Hitler's Children''
|1943
|UR/PG
|Sensational melodrama about the [[Hitler Youth]] of pre-WWII 1930s Nazi Germany, based on Gregor Ziemer's best selling ''Education for Death: The Making of A Nazi".
|$3,355,000
|-
|''Home Run''
|2013
|PG-13
|Christian Sports Drama about a baseball player, who tries to overcome a serious drinking problem.
|$2,861,020
|-
|''Honey, I Shrunk The Kids''
|1989
|PG
| Loveable genius inventor Wayne Szalinski (Rick Moranis) accidentally shrinks his children and some of his neighbors's while testing his laser shrinking ray, sending them off on an adventure in their own yard against what would be mundane situations and creatures to normal sized people. Spawned two sequels, the obviously opposite ''Honey, I Blew up The Kid'' (1992) and video-made ''Honey, We Shrunk Ourselves'' (1997)
| $130,724,2000
|-
|''The Hurt Locker''
|2008
|R
|A look into the life of an American bomb disposal regiment in Iraq risking their lives for their country and for the innocent by confronting evil. Rated R for violence and language.
|$ 12,647,089
|-
|''I Am David''
|2003
|PG
|Motivational movie to show the power of the individual, and the triumph of charity, faith, and hope as well as showing the dangerous of communism
|$292,376
|-
|''I Confess''
|1953
|UR
|In this classic by Alfred Hitchcock, a clergyman honors his sacred vow of confidentiality with respect to a confession despite intense pressure to disclose it.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[The Incredibles]]''
|2004
|PG
|The world's superheroes are forced to give up their heroics and go into hiding after Mr. Incredible saves a suicidal man as well as a derailed train from a bridge destroyed by one of his enemies (who ironically got away with it), causing the populace to turns on superheroes and lawyers to sue them.

The film celebrates the importance of the family unit; Elastigirl fails at parenting when her husband, Mr. Incredible, neglects to help her raise their children; a traditional family of superheroes is portrayed as the saviors of society, whose importance and presence has been unfairly suppressed. In addition, Mr. Incredible was also shown in the beginning to take marriage seriously, immediately heading over to the wedding when he realizes he may be running late, and doing various crime-stopping when he has time before it.

The movie also contains the conservative idea that recognition should be based on merit rather than on unsubstantiated expectations of equality. The villain, Syndrome, out of sheer jealousy, attempts to kill off real superheroes so that he use technology to pretend to be one, later planning to sell his gadgets so that everyone in the world can be super. "And when everyone is super," he explains, "no one will be." When Mr. Incredible is asked to attend his son's fifth-grade graduation, he criticizes society for "celebrating mediocrity" instead of those who are "genuinely exceptional."
|$631,442,092
|-
|''[[Indiana Jones]] series''
|1981, 1984, 1989, 2008
|PG PG-13
|
|Unknown
|-
|''Invasion of the Body Snatchers''
|1956
|UR
|A science fiction condemnation of [[Communism]], produced for only $420,000 and remade successfully in three additional movies.
|$ 2,500,000
|-
|''[[Iron Eagle]]''
|1986
|PG-13
| A young man's father, an Air Force pilot, is shot down over the Middle East and its up to the young man and an Air Force colonel to save him. Included three sequels in 1988, 1992 and 1995.
|$24,159,872 (U.S.)
|-
|''The Island''
|2005
|PG-13
|Pro-life statement against cloning to harvest organs.
|$ 35,799,026
|-
|''[[Jurassic Park]]''
|1993
|PG-13
|Criticizes the effects of research into genetic [[cloning]],Included two sequels in 1997 and 2001 and a planned fouth entry in 2013.
|$357,067,947
|-
|''King of Kings''
|1961
|PG-13, originally NR
|2 hour, 51 minute widescreen epic by the great director Nicholas Ray about Jesus and his promises of spiritual redemption, as contrasted with the story of the revolutionary leader Barabbas and his promises of worldly redemption.
|Unknown
|-
|''Knute Rockne: All-American''
|1940
|UR
|Stars [[Ronald Reagan]] as corageous football player George Gipp, who dies before an important game.
|Unknown
|-
|''Ladder 49''
|2004
|PG-13
|Shows the courageousness of firefighters.
|$ 74,541,707
|-
|''Last Ounce of Courage''
|2012
|PG
|Family drama about the struggles Christians suffer through politics and abolishment of religious freedom
|$1,585,994
|-
|''Lean on Me''
|1989
|PG-13
|A true story about combating drug use, violence, and contempt for authority while exalting positive values like academic achievement and family values. Biodrama about Paterson, New Jersey's real life [[Joe Clark]]. <ref>http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0097722/</ref>
|$ 31,906,454
|-
|''Liar Liar''
|1997
|PG-13
|Surprisingly takes on an anti-feminist theme by depicting the father as the good, righteous side in a courtroom divorce trial.
|$181,410,615
|-
|''The Lion King''
|1994
|G
|A main message of the movie is honoring thy father, and the power-hungry main antagonist, once he becomes ruler, favors big government, pushes [[liberal values]] and destroys their territory.
|$ 312,825,899
|-
|''The Little Mermaid''
|1989
|G
|A mermaid strives to become a traditional female human, following the patriarchal system of society. The centers around conservative Christian values and contains an anti-feminism theme. The villain is shown in a devilish way, and claims about men not wanting women who talk and care only for a woman's body language (a common claim by feminists against males) is made clear to be lies. In addition, it also contains a pro-traditional marriage theme, and is the last Disney animated feature film to actually treat traditional marriage as a good thing for a while. Despite being set under the sea, it also features an anti-[[Environmentalism]] message, as the characters (namely King Triton) who pushed anti-human sentiments turned out to be wrong in their negative views on humans.
|$111,543,479
|-
|''[[The Lives of Others]]''
|2006
|R
|(''Not for children'') - This German-language film is a stinging criticism of [[Communist]] [[East Germany]] from a liberal perspective.
|$ 11,286,112
|-
|''[[The Fellowship of the Ring (film, 2001)|The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
|2001
|PG-13
|Clear distinction between good and evil with positive themes of friendship, bravery, honor, sacrifice and overcoming temptation.
|$ 314,776,114
|-
|''[[The Two Towers (film, 2002)|The Lord of the Rings: the Two Towers]]''
|2002
|PG-13
|Strong portrayals of redemption and good over evil.
|$ 340,478,898
|-
|''[[The Return of the King (2003 film)|The Lord of the Rings: the Return of the King]]''
|2003
|PG-13
|Bravery, heroism, sacrifice and good ultimately triumphing over evil.
|$ 377,027,325
|-
|''Logan's Run''
|1967
|PG/R
|A man within a liberal society (evideniced by acceptance of homosexuality and work-free spoiled existance) that kills everyone on their 30th claiming it's rebirth (see [[Liberal Denial]]) escapes to find a world of hardwork and ageing.
|
|-
|''The Lost Weekend''
|1945
|UR
|Illustrates the dangers of alcohol abuse.
|Unknown
|-
|''Make Mine Freedom''
|1948
|
|A short cartoon, which shows how [[Capitalism]] works and how [[Communism]] steals [[Freedom]].
|Unknown
|-
|Man Of Steel
|2013
|PG-13
| [[Superman]] is portrayed as a Christ-like figure, shows bravery of the U.S. Military and shows the theme of protecting the ones you love.
|$291,045,518
|-
|''[[Master and Commander | Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World]]''
|2003
|PG-13
|Promotes many positive conservative values including faith in God, patriotism, duty, honor, respect for authority, discipline, bravery, sacrifice, and friendship.
|$ 93,926,386
|-
|''[[Matilda]]''
|1996
|PG
|Film adaptation of Roald Dahl's children's novel of a bright little girl who uses her magical genius to free herself from the foolish, selfish people in her life-her self-absorbed parents, bratty brother and horrid [[public school]] principal.
|$33,084,249
|-
|''Meet the Robinsons''
|2007
|G
|A child does not seem to fit in to society, his main hobby is inventing. He travels to the future to see meet his family, and he realizes persistence pays off in the end and he discovers that his inventions ultimately do change society, and his own life, for the better. The movie shows a message about the value of life, family, and considers the contributions and possibilities lost by every child that is aborted.
|$169,333,034
|-
|''The Mill and the Cross'' (Polish original)
|2011
|UR
|Persecution of Christians in Flanders region of Belgium during the 16th Century
|$ 310,900
|-
|''[[Miracle]]''
|2004
|PG
|Movie about the United States hockey team which won the gold medal in the 1980 Winter Olympics. Stresses the important of hard work, resiliency, selflessness and putting your best effort forward to reach an unseen goal.
|$ 64,445,708
|-
|''Moses''
|1974 Italy-U.K.
|PG
|Italian-British-American production which features [[Burt Lancaster]] playing [[Moses]] the lawgiver. Less flamboyant than Cecil B. Demille's movie The Ten Commandments and focuses more on the Biblical figure of Moses. Originally a 6-part U.S. TV mini-series in 1975, but edited to make it a U.S. movie in 1976.
|unknown money returns
|-
|''Mr. Skeffington''
|1944
|UR
|Bette Davis portrays a socialite whose life is ruined when she turns ugly with age. Anti-Nazi and anti-materialistic.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Mr. Smith Goes to Washington]]''
|1939
|UR
|A tale of a good, simple man rising above the pressures of [[liberals]] to do the right thing. Features perhaps the best defense of the American political system ever committed to film.
|Unknown
|-
|-
|''My Own Private Idaho''
|1991
|R
|Two good friends learn to pull themselves up by their bootstraps and make it in the business world.
|unknown
|-
|''My Son John''
|1952
|UR
|A small-town couple's world is turned upside-down by the discovery that their adult son is a Communist.
| amount made unknown
|-
|''The Name of the Rose''
|1986
|R
|A mystery centered around the balance between faith and science, as well as debate over the role of poverty in religion and religious orders.
|$ 5,595,706
|-
|''The Nativity Story''
|2006
|PG
|Title says it all about this Biblical epic.
|$37,629,831
|-
|''Ninotchka''
|1939
|UR
|
|Unknown
|-
|''Not Without My Daughter''
|1991
|PG-13
|Sally Fields is [[Betty Mahmoody]], the U.S. wife who, along with her daughter, was tricked in 1984 by her Iranian born husband into traveling with him on what he said would be only two weeks in his homeland to visit his relatives (he lied bigtime about the two weeks part!).
|$14,789,113 (U.S.)
|-
|''[[October Baby]]''
|2012
|PG-13
|A first-rate, compelling film that leaves no doubt about how wrong [[abortion]] is.
|$5,357,328
|-
|''[[October Sky]]''
|1999
|PG
|Four high school boys from a rural coal mining town, inspired by Sputnik, set out to build their own rockets and become rocket scientists.
|$ 32,481,825
|-
|''Of Gods and Men'' (French original)
|2010
|R
|Martyrdom of Trappist monks by Muslim terrorists in an impoverished Algerian community
|$ 3,954,651
|-
|''Oh, God!''
|1977
|PG
|Acceptance of God's calling is rewarded, the faithful are vindicated, and naysayers are proven wrong. Had two sequels in 1980 and 1984.
|$ 41,687,243
|-
|''[[On The Waterfront]]''
|1954
|UR
|[[Marlon Brando]] plays Terry Malloy, who under the inspiration of a Catholic priest (Father Barry, played by [[Karl Malden]]), becomes a Christ-like figure. Betrayed by his brother and almost killed by the gang, he finds the strength to overcome and redeem his people from the slavery to the mobsters who run the waterfront. In stunning contrast to the liberals who kept silent about the Communist subversion in Hollywood, the film portrays the informer as the hero; liberal Hollywood never forgave director [[Elia Kazan]] for his stunning film. In real life, Kazan, Malden and screenwriter Budd Schulberg all testified before Congress, along with [[Ronald Reagan]]. Together they broke the power of the Reds in Hollywood.
|$ 9,600,000
|-
|''One Day In The Life of Ivan Denisovich''
|1970 Britain/Norway
|PG
| [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]]'s best selling novel brought to film as Tom Courtneay is the titular prisoner in early 1950s Siberia as punishment for surrendering to the Nazis during World War II and his struggle for small comforts to ease the harsh injusticies of the Gulag. A smashing indictment of the Soviet system.
|amount unknown
|-
|''One Foot In Heaven''
|1941
|UR
|
|Unknown
|-
|''The Pacifier''
|2005
|PG
|Navy Seal Shane Wolfe (Vin Diesel) is assigned to be the guardian of five children, he learns from them the responsibilities of being in a family. As they learn from him the importance of protecting the country
|$113,086,868
|-
|''Parental Guidance''
|2012
|PG
|Two parents raise their kids in liberal way, and as a result are unhappy and rebellious, they leave them alone with their grandparents for a weekend who bring in conservative values, and helps the kids realize the importance of family.
|$119,772,232
|-
|''[[The Patriot]]''
|2000
|R
|A patriot fights for American freedom during the [[American Revolution]].
|$215,294,342[
|-
|''Pinocchio''
|1940
|G
|A kindhearted craftsman wishes for his own son, a blue fairy (resembling the Blessed Virgin Mary) grants his wish and turns one of his wooden puppets into a real boy. The boy learns about "[[moral values]]", and must escape the bad boys who have"[[hollywood values]]" and as a result are turned in donkeys (may represent democrats in pop culture).
|$84,254,167
|-
|''[[Pirates of the Caribbean]]: On Stranger Tides''
|2011
|PG-13
|Unlike the rest of the movies in the series which were pure entertainment, this movie has some good Christian messages and a Christian missionary is presented in a positive light. The climax of the movie presents a very important message too; ''Only God can grant eternal life, not this pagan waters. Men, destroy this profane temple!''
|$1.046 billion
|-
|''[[The Prince of Egypt]]''
|1998
|PG
|An animated telling of the life of [[Moses]].
|$ 101,217,900
|-
|''[[The Pursuit of Happyness]]''
|2006
|PG-13
|A film that shows hard work, dedication, loyalty and trust can result in success and “happiness” for any American, regardless of race, gender or creed. It is an instructional piece about the tradition of “stick-to-it-iveness” that has made America a land of hope and opportunity for so many. This film’s main themes -- the primacy of the family, the blessings of free and open markets, the necessity of staying true to one’s ideals -- are all conservative concepts. .
|$307,077,300
|-
|''Quo Vadis''
|1951
|UR
|The early Christian Church during the time of [[Nero]]'s regime.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]''
|1981
|PG
|
|$242,374,454
|-
|''[[Red Dawn]]''
|1984
|PG-13
|A film by conservative writer and director [[John Milius]] about American high school students resisting a Soviet invasion through guerrilla warfare. Remade in 2012
|$ 35,866,000
|-
|''Rise of the Guardians ''
|2012
|PG
|Four immortal guardians appear as Christ-like creatures, who jobs are to protect those children who belief in them. Two of the guardians are Santa Claus and the Eagle Bunny based on Christian allegories.
|$103,412,758
|-
|''[[Rocky]]''
|1976
|PG
|A talented but down-on-his-luck fighter gets a chance to challenge himself to the ends of his ability. This film-and its sequels and remakes- reinforces man's ability to overcome challenges. Included four sequels and one remake.
|$ 117,235,247
|-
|''[[The Room]]''
|2003
|R
|Anti-alcoholism and adultery. Shows the destructive nature of liberal values.
|$1800 in its initial theater run. Has done much better in recent theater screanings.
|-
|''Rosemary's Baby''
|1968
|R
|Higher powers intervene in this story of a young Catholic mother's devotion to her unborn infant
|Unknown
|-
|''Rudy''
|1993
|PG
|A young man overcomes many obstacles, including dyslexia, to play for the [[Notre Dame]] football team. Shows the value of hard work and never giving up.
|$ 22,750,363
|-
|''The Sandlot''
|1993
|PG
|Honestly depicts 1950s America when boys acted like boys and girls acted like girls, wimps were taught to toughen up, and every boy had a chance to be great. No historical revisionism.
|$ 32,416,586
|-
|''The Santa Clause (Series)''
|1994, 2002, 2006
|PG
|A divorced father of one must take on the responsibility of being Santa Claus after he is chosen, promotes the importance of traditional marriage, and the importance of family and Christmas
|$144,833,357, $144,833,357, $144,833,357
|-
|''Saving Christmas''
|2014
|PG
|Kirk Cameron fights using the truth in the War on Christmas. Liberals tried to censor it, but ultimately became a hit among those who believes in the truth.
|$2,800,000
|-
|''Sergeant York''
|1941
|UR
|A young American soldier during WWI overcomes an unfounded religious objection to killing and becomes a war hero.
|Unknown
|-
|''The Seventh Seal''
|1956
|NR
|Swedish film about the strength of religion.
|
|-
|''The Seventh Sign''
|1988
|R
|Starring Demi Moore, a fictional account of the return of Jesus to usher in the apocalypse and judge mankind. Catholic themed movie has Demi offering her life for the souls of others.
|$ 18,875,011
|-
|''Shane''
|1953
|UR
|Western about defending a homesteading family.
|$ 20,000,000
|-
|''Shattered Glass''
|2003
|PG-13
|Based on the true story of Stephen Glass (Hayden Christensen), a reporter in the late 90's for the liberal magazine The New Republic, lies and distorts news stories to make them entertaining. He begins by submitting an article about the Conservative Political Action Conference, in which he fabricated stories of drinking and sexual mischief. Then, after he writes a colorful but suspicious story on a superstar web hacker, a group from a small online news site begin to question his journalistic integrity.
|$2,220,008
|-
|''Snitch''
|2013
|PG-13
|A father becomes an informant on helping the police arrest drug dealers, so he can get his son out of prison. Pro-drug war, the villains of the movie are all drug dealers.
|$42,930,462
|-
|''Soul Surfer''
|2011
|PG
|The true story of champion surfer 13-year-old Bethany Hamilton who loses her arm to a shark. Her Christian faith helps her overcome her handicap to surf once again.
|$ 43,853,424
|-
|''[[The Sound of Music]]''
|1965
|UR
|Solid family entertainment about Austria's von Trapps before World War II.
|$ 158,671,368
|-
|''[[Spider-Man (film)]]''
|2002
|PG-13
|Praises moral virtue (hard-working teenager, devout aunt and well-meaning uncle) and pokes fun at [[liberals]] (entertainers and journalists). Hero chooses [[abstinence]]. This was one of the most profitable films ever made and had two sequels.
|$ 403,706,375
|-
|''Strategic Air Command''
|1955
|UR
|Actor (and Brigadier [[General]]) [[James Stewart]]'s story of the real [[Strategic Air Command]] and its transition from prop planes to jet planes.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[The Ten Commandments]]''
|1956
|UR
|The definitive film portrayal of [[Exodus]].
|$ 65,500,000
|-
|''The Tree of Life''
|2011
|PG-13
|An adaptation of the Book of Job set in 1950s Texas with a narrative structure based on the nature of human memory which many viewers will find confusing.
|Unknown
|-
|''True Lies''
|1994
|R
|Stars the future Republican governor of California, [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]. Teaches conservative values like marital loyalty, and political incorrect facts such as the fact that most terrorists are Middle Eastern radicals who don't value human life.
|$ 146,261,000
|-
|''The Tunnel'' (''Der Tunnel'')
|2001
|
|Based on a true story a group of East Berliners escaping harsh Communist rule and hatch a plan to help others escape that same oppressive regime.
|$ 10,890
|-
|''Twelve O'Clock High''
|1949
|UR
|A thrilling movie about the heroics of fighter pilots during [[World War II]]; used as an educational film for management training seminars.
|$ 3,225,000
|-
|''Uncle Buck''
|1989
|PG-13
|A slobbish bachelor babysits his rebellious teenage niece and her younger brother and sister, and they learn the true importance of family.
|$79,258,538
|-
|''[[Veggie Tales]]''
|1993-Present
|TV-Y
|The adventures of anthropomorphic vegetables, where the stories are all based upon moral themes based on Christianity.
|Made for TV
|-
|''We Were Soldiers''
|2002
|R
|Pro-war story film based on the soldiers and families fighting in World War II.
|$114,660,784
|-
|''The Wicker Man''
|2006
|PG-13
|Shows the dangers of feminism.
|
|-
|''Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory''
|1971
|G
|Showing the importance of having character. Charlie is able to accept the consequences of his actions. He acknowledges his wrongdoing while in the factory, and relinquishes a potential goldmine, from the sale of his everlasting gobstopper to a rival spy, back to Wonka.
The hidden message in this film is one of redemption. It is hidden because it is conveyed through the imagery of the films final scene. Charlie has made it to the end of his journey. Despite his moral struggles, he finds redemption through his desire to correct his mistake. He is given a reward that is beyond his wildest expectations- he is given the keys to the factory while the Wonkavator crashes through the ceiling up into the sky. The allusion to Heaven and salvation is unmistakable.
|$4 million
|-
|''The Winning Team''
|1952
|UR
|[[Ronald Reagan]] stars as a baseball pitcher who overcomes his problems to help his team win. This was one of Reagan's own favorites.
|Unknown
|-
|''Witness''
|1985
|R
|Highlights the virtues of strong moral values, with more substance than ''High Noon''.
|$ 65,500,000
|-
|''Won't Back Down''
|2012
|PG-13
|A brilliant movie that criticizes public schools.
|
|-
|''[[World Trade Center]]''
|2006
|PG-13
|Highlights the bravery of NYC's firemen and police in [[9/11]]
|$ 70,236,496
|-
|''Wreck It Ralph''
|2012
|PG
|Main lesson of the film is that Ralph a video game villain who is being the poor and medal-less guy encourages him to use his equal opportunities to do better and pursue his own successes. The basis of the American Dream, the goal of overcoming one's present, lowly circumstances to achieve a state of greatness; and shows how trying to achieving this goal by theft, is the wrong way to do it. In addition the main villain of the movie is competition-hating villain, who has a pushed liberal values and established what's like a fixed-economy where in a game only he wins.
|$189,422,889
|-
|}

==Documentaries==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Film
!Year
!Rating
!Comments
!Gross (Domestic)
|-
|''[[2016: Obama's America]]''
|2012
|PG
|Documentary by Conservative author [[Dinesh D'Souza]] explores the disturbing origins of [[Barack Hussein Obama]], including his inherited philosophy with his [[Barack Obama Sr.|drunken father]] and his inspiration from [[Communist]]s [[Frank Marshall Davis]] and [[William Ayers|Bill Ayers]].
|$33,349,941
|-
|''[[Expelled | Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed]]''
|2008
|PG
|[[Ben Stein]] exposes [[evolution|evolutionists]]' scientific and education system [[deceit]].
|$ 7,690,545
|-
|''[[The Great Global Warming Swindle]]''
|2007
|UR
|Exposing the greatest fraud in the history of science.
|NA - TV
|-
|''[[Hillary: The Movie]]''
|2008
|UR
|Citizens United film exposing Hillary Clinton. This movie was the impetus of the lawsuit which overturned the McCain-Feingold legislation by the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] in ''[[Citizens United v. FEC]]''.
|NA - TV
|-
|''[[How Should We Then Live]]''
|1976
|UR
|Christian film that traces Western history from Ancient Rome until 1976. A study of philosophic, scientific, and religious movements reflecting changing patterns.
|NA - TV
|-
|''[[I Want Your Money]]''
|2010
|PG
|Documentary film which supports the triumph of [[Reagan]]-economics over [[Obamanomics]].
|$433,588
|-
|''[[Indoctrinate U]]''
|2007
|UR
|Exposed political correctness, racial and ethnic politics in the academic setting. <ref>[http://video.yahoo.com/watch/3624795/9994231 Indoctrinate U -Part 1/3, Yahoo]</ref>
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Kids Aren't Cars]]''
|2011
|UR
|How the teachers' unions are destroying our public schools. <ref>[http://www.kidsarentcars.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/KACOneSheet.pdf KAC Summary]</ref>
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Maafa21]]''
|2009
|UR
|This film explores the inception of [[Planned Parenthood]] as an organization created to exterminate African-Americans. It exposes the words of its' racist founder [[Margaret Sanger]] and their impact on black genocide more than a century later. <ref>[http://www.maafa21.com www.maafa21.com]</ref>
|NA - DVD
|-
|''Occupy Unmasked''
|2012
|Not rated
|Documentary about [[Occupy Wall Street]]-movement.
|
|-
|''[[Waiting for Superman]]''
|2010
|PG
|Documentary on the U.S.' failed public school system.
|$ 6,410,257
|-
|''[[The Soviet Story]]''
|2008
|
|Documentary about the crimes of [[Communism]] and the [[Soviet Union]].
|-
|"MARGARET THATCHER - Death of a Revolutionary"
|2013
|
|Shows how Thatcher's economic liberalism helped Britain turn from the sick man of Europe and the only socialist country outside of the [[Iron Curtain]] to one of Europe's best economies. It tells us contrary to popular belief (which is mostly likely lies spread by socialists, liberals and fake conservatives), the working classes actually liked her more than the upper classes.
|}

== Debatable Whether Conservative ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Film
!Year
!Rating
!Comments
!Gross (Domestic)
|-
|''[[Zulu]]''
|1964
|UR
|Courageous, Duty, Patriotism. A defending of Western Civilization
|
|-
|''[[The Passion of the Christ]]''
|2004
|R
|Downplays the [[Resurrection]],<ref>The original version of the film had no references at all to the Resurrection.</ref> and strength of Christianity and omits powerful angels; instead exaggerates triumph of evil; film had little lasting effect on public or its producer; portrayed nails as through the hands rather than through the wrists as depicted by the [[Shroud of Turin]] and confirmed by modern science.
|$ 370,782,930
|-
|''Team America: World Police''
|2004
|R
|While is clearly pro-military, pro-America, and anti-Hollywood, the movie is riddled with liberal values, including toilet humor and vulgar language throughout. Also, in the movie's foul mouthed theme song, it says yay to abortion, slavery, pornography, and Democrats, while having no positive reaction to Republicans
|
|-
|''Shame''
|2011
|NC-17
|While the movie shows [[Hollywood Values]], such as sex addiction, in a negative light and is clearly anti-homosexual agenda, as the main character reaches his lowest point by partaking in such acts, the film is graphic in its nature leaving one to question how conservative it really is.
|
|-
|''[[It's a Wonderful Life]]''
|1946
|UR
|Falsely teaches that humanism is what makes life worthwhile; marginalizes [[faith]] with a cartoonish depiction and demonizes capitalism as sadistic and greedy.
|$ 3,300,000
|-
|''[[High Noon]]''
|1952
|UR
|A favorite of both Presidents [[Dwight Eisenhower]] and [[Bill Clinton]]; [[John Wayne]] said it was "the most un-American thing I've ever seen in my whole life";<ref>http://www.brightlightsfilm.com/47/highnoon.php</ref> though susceptible of various interpretations, most of all it seems to scare people into wanting more government.
|$ 3,750,000
|-
|''[[P.C.U.]]''
|1994
|PG-13
|College students fight back against a campus where the administration promotes official [[diversity]] awareness weekends and radical [[feminism]], [[vegan]]ism, and [[political correctness]] run amok, but a conservative group on campus is also portrayed just as negatively as the P.C. groups.
|$ 4,350,774
|-
|''Pillow Talk''
|1959
|UR
|A classic starring Rock Hudson and Doris Day in which conservative values triumph over liberal ones. There are no distortions by feminist ideology. Indeed, in one scene a leading man slaps the leading lady, but then is beaten up by dimwitted bystanders for it!
|$ 18,750,000
|-
|''[[The Way We Were]]''
|1973
|PG
|Unique in the way that it appears liberal to liberals while unintentionally sending a [[conservative]] message to young women.
|$ 49,919,870
|-
|''[[Grease]]''
|1978
|PG
|Some [[conservative]] messages and no [[feminism]] or other [[political correctness]]; mocks [[public school]] and even [[television]] during the 1950s. Followed in 1982 by a much panned sequel (''[[Grease 2]]'').
|$ 153,113,000
|-
|''[[Fargo]]''
|1996
|R
|Pregnant sheriff with traditional American family values solves an elaborate criminal embezzlement, kidnapping and murder scheme.
|$ 24,611,975
|-
|''[[Juno (film)|Juno]]''
|2007
|PG-13
|A pregnant teenage woman rejects [[abortion]] and decides for an adoptive birth instead. This movie pushes [[feminism]] and marginalizes the essential role of fatherhood.
|$ 143,492,840
|-
|''Camelot''
|1967
|G
|The famous jousting scene is a powerful display of Christian values and chivalry, but the movie seems lost afterward.
|$ 31,102,578
|-
|''The Iron Lady''
|2011
|PG-13
|The British biopic of [[Conservative Party]] leader and 1979-90 [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]], Margaret Thatcher, showing the effects of conservative economic policy on Britain, helping to lift the country out of its recession.
|$ 80,554,188 (international including UK), $27,081,674 (US - domestic)
|-
|21 Jump Street
|2011
|R
|Two police officers try to take down a drug ring in high school where the villains are environmentalists and drug dealers. But contains many sexual references, full profanity, and many religious insults
|$201,585,328
|
|-
|''[[The Simpsons]] Movie''
|2007
|PG-13
|Portrays the liberal [[Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] as a villainous and devious agency, and portrays the Government in general as intrusive and corrupt. On the other hand, it also promotes [[environmentalism]] in the beginning.
|$183,135,014
|-
|''Back to the Future''
|1985
|PG
|Contains some conservative messages such as the triumph of chivalry as well as the negative effects of deviancy and drug/alcohol addiction, although the film also promotes negative values including premarital sexual activity and disregard for chasity. Included two sequels in 1989 and 1990.
|$210,609,762
|-
|''The Campaign''
|2012
|R
|Political comedy depicts the Democratic candidate (Will Ferrell) as an obnoxious, drunken womanizer and satire of [[John Edwards]], although the Republican candidate (Zach Galifinakis) is portrayed just as negatively as a corrupt capitalist.
|$33,165,738
|-
|''Knocked Up''
|2007
|R
|Unemployed, immature and childish 23-year old Ben Stone (Seth Rogen) has a one night stand with serious career woman Alison Scott (Katherine Heigl), with the unintended consequence of pregnancy. Alison's mother (Joanna Kerns) says she should get the pregnancy "taken care of", while Ben's best friend Jonah (Jonah Hill) suggests that "I won't say the A-word, but it rhymes with abortion." Alison decides to keep the child, while Ben decides to find a real job, grow up, and become a father.
|$148,768,917
|-
|''[[Beauty and the Beast]]''
|1991
|G
|A young woman overcomes a shallow society and finds true love. Although by comparison a powerful and immensely popular antidote to [[feminism]] to the [[liberal]] movies churned out by [[Disney]] since, as well as overall promoting redemption (as seen with the Beast's transformation), and also promoting some family values (such as Belle being loyal to her father), there were a few hints at feminist propaganda at the beginning of the film, such as Belle being different from the villagers because she can read, which is implied to not be supported by the villagers at all (feminist propaganda often claims that women couldn't get an education until the 1960s), as well as Belle being unwilling to hold the role of housewife for Gaston or raising children. Then-Disney Chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg also mentioned that he wanted "a feminist twist" on the original fairy tale by creating a heroine who is "a departure from typical Disney female characters",<ref>http://articles.mcall.com/1991-11-22/features/2825583_1_beast-s-castle-fairy-tale-madame-gabrielle</ref> and Linda Woolverton made clear that she made Belle a feminist and based her on the women's liberation movement in order to avoid creating another insipid princess.<ref name="Beauty and Maleficent">{{Cite web|url = http://time.com/2798136/maleficent-beauty-beast-writer/|title = The Same Woman Wrote Maleficent and Beauty and the Beast—Here’s How They’re Linked|date = May 30, 2014|accessdate = January 16, 2014|website = Time|publisher = |last = Rothman|first = Lily}}</ref> Gaston is a conservative and hardworking hunter who is considered by the villagers to be their town hero, but is shown to be the main villain of the movie (it should also be noted that in the original screenplay for the film, Gaston was intended to be a Marquess [French nobleman], meaning the decision to make him a conservative and hardworking hunter was made after a rewrite). In addition, the villagers (strongly implied to be practicing and devout Christians) were later briefly seen supporting a plan that went against God's teachings. In addition, Belle's love for Beast (where it is implied that she was largely unaware of the Beast being formerly a human prince) could be seen as promoting bestiality. Also, it is the first Disney movie to neither show nor hint at the two love interests getting married, and in fact, the only "wedding" in the film was the one Belle ruined, creating negative implications about marriage as a result, as well as starting a string of movies that don't paint marriage in a positive light. There were also several overtones of a pro-homosexual agenda within the film, including the mob song late into the film, largely because of the executive producer, Howard Ashman, being gay and dying from AIDs at the time the film was made. One of the protagonistic characters, Lumiere, is briefly seen making out with a featherduster and was implied that the two weren't married, with some hints at Lumiere being a unrepentant womanizer. In addition, some elements of the film were later reused in the [[Essay:Worst Liberal Movies#Social|definitely liberal]] ''Maleficent'' movie.<ref name="Beauty and Maleficent" />
|$ 25,487,028
|-
|''[[Titanic]]''
|1997
|PG-13
|Every life had value and the most powerful men gave up their seats on lifeboats to women and children first; the media and a young [[RINO]] are rightly criticized; broke the record in movie revenues. However, it also gave some hints at a pro-socialist view, and a key scene involving Rose being drawn in the nude is invocative of pornography.
|$ 600,779,824
|-
|''[[The Hunger Games]]''
|2012
|PG-13
|Futuristic totalitarians plan titular annual televisied "games" as punishement on the descendants of failed revolutionaries from a past uprising. Although technically a message against totalitarianism and for individualism, Leftist actor Donald Sutherland, who played President Snow, implied that the struggles of the films' protagonists were supposed to be derived from the Occupy Wall Street movement, and the book's author also indicated that the events of the book were based on the George W. Bush administration.
|$406,267,858
|-
|Super
|2010
|R
|Main character becomes a super hero after a vision from God. He also frequently turns to prayer and a Christian television show for guidance. Even though his wife leaves him for a drug dealer, he remains loyal to her for the whole movie. Although contains foul language, violence, and brief nudity scenes.
|Unknown
|-
|''The LEGO Movie''
|2014
|PG
|Anti-Large Government, with a message that anyone has the potential to be extraordinary. However is also anti-capitalist, and the main villain is Lord Business
|
|-
|''We're the Milers''
|2013
|R
|A drug dealer, stripper, runaway, and average loser pretend to be a make family to sneak marijuana out of Mexico. However they learn the value and importance of family. The villains of the movie are all drug gang men, the film also features a stripper scene, and weather or not the film is anti-drug in the end is debatable
|$150,394,119
|-
|Kingsman: The Secret Service
|2015
|R
|Anti-enviromentalist, the villian attempts to eradicate the human race because of his belief in man made global warming. Though film is full of language and violence as well as a brief nudity scene.
|
|-
|''[[Star Wars]]''
|1977-1983 (Original Trilogy); 1999-2005 (Prequel Trilogy); 2015- (Sequel Trilogy)
|PG, PG-13 (Episode III Only)
|Mostly composed of simple truths about the triumph of good over evil, and in the case of Episode VI: Return of the Jedi, redemption. However, Episode VI also contained some implied pro-[[Vietcong]] propaganda at George Lucas' behest via the Ewoks, and the rerelease for ''Episode IV: A New Hope'' also had an infamous edit where it made it seem as though Greedo shot at Han first, with George Lucas later revealing he did the edit (or rather, falsely claimed it was always that way) as a means to promote gun control. The prequel trilogy also had some implied pot-shots at then-president George W. Bush and his War on Terror, and there was also an implied promotion of moral relativity in Revenge of the Sith (where Obi-Wan, when confronting Anakin Skywalker/Darth Vader in the climax, stated in reply to Anakin's declaration that Obi-Wan is his enemy if he's not with him that "only a Sith deals in absolutes.").
|$460,998,007
|}

== Debatable Whether Great ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Film
!Year
!Rating
!Comments
!Gross (Domestic)
|-

|Unknown
|-
|''Bugs Bunny's Space Jam''
|1996
|PG
|Michael Jordan uses the help of beloved children's characters from the 1950s (a simpler time in America's history) to beat back foreign invaders who wish to take away our freedoms.
|$ 90,443,603
|-
|''[[One Good Cop]]''
|1991
|R
|Titular [[New York City]] police detective (Michael Keaton) and his wife (Rene Russo) inherit a family-three small girls-when the detective's partner (Anthony Lapaglia) dies on duty. Has positive portrayals of law enforcers and clergy (one priest turns in money that was stolen from a drug dealer by the cop and left as a donation to his church and the girls talk about "going to Jesus"). Typical violent skirmishes mixed with tender sentimental ones, but also admissions of past adultery by the ill-fated partner, smoking, drinking, much profanity and, of course, illegal drugs.
|$ 11,276,846
|-
|''Jack and Jill''
|2011
|PG
|Adam Sandler stars as both Jack and Jill in this family comedy that is pro-capitalism and pro-family values
|$ 149,673,788
|-
|''[[An American Carol]]''
|2008
|PG-13
|[[David Zucker]]'s [[conservative]] comedy starring Kevin Farley, Kelsey Grammer, Jon Voight, Dennis Hopper, Trace Adkins and Leslie Nielsen.
|$7,013,191
|-
|}

== References ==
<references/>

== See also ==
*[[Essay:Worst Liberal Movies]]
*[[Essay:20 Greatest Conservative Movies of the Last 20 Years]]
*[[Essay:Greatest Conservative Songs]]
*[[Essay:Greatest Conservative TV Shows]]

{{Conservatism}}

[[Category:Essays about Conservatism]]
[[Category:Hollywood]]
[[Category:Greatest Conservative Movies]]
[[Category:Movies]]

Essay:Greatest Conservative Movies

2015-09-25T11:47:54Z

Bauhaus: added new documentary

'''There have been many superb [[conservative]] films''':

==Narrative features==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Film
!Year
!Rating
!Comments
!Gross (Domestic)
|-
|''The 6th Day''
|2009
|PG-13
|Pro-Life, Anti-[[cloning]] movie Featuring Republican Governor [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]
|$ 34,543,701|
|-
|''17 Again''
|2009
|PG-13
|Main lesson is that choosing family and life over death and possible material riches is much more rewarding and fulfilling even if at times we don’t recognize it. Stands up for abstinence, and self-respect, and contains a strong speech for both of them. Such as "Because there is no one that I'm in love with. Its called making love, isn't it? Maybe I'm old fashion, but I think that means you do it with someone you love. And preferably when your married, when your ready to take that love and turn it into a baby."
|$64,167,069
|-
|''[[1984]]''
|1984
|R
|Big-screen adaptation of the iconic [[conservative]] text from [[George Orwell]].
|$8,430,492
|-
|''[[A Charlie Brown Christmas]]''
|1965
|G
|The real meaning of Christmas is discussed, as Linus quotes Luke 2:8-14. Decries the materialism that surrounds the Christmas holiday.
|NA - TV
|-
|''A Christmas Story''
|1983
|PG
|Heartwarming comedy about a kid who wants a BB Gun for Christmas
|$19,294,144
|-
|''A Gathering of Eagles''
|1963
|UR
|Illustrates duty, honor, and the burden of command.
|Unknown
|-
|''A Man For All Seasons''
|1966
|UR
|In 16th Century England, statesman and philosopher Thomas More is forced to choose between his Catholic faith and his loyalty to the king. Winner of the Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Actor, Best Cinematography, and Best Costume Design in 1966.
|$ 20,000,000<ref>This figure is a worldwide gross.</ref>
|-
|''Adam's Rib''
|1949
|Not rated
| Spencer Tracy hilariously exposes budding feminist Katharine Hepburn's hypocritical double standards in the legal system.
|
|-
|''Air Force One''
|1997
|R
|Positively portrays a strong U.S. president who takes an uncompromising stance against terrorism. Includes positive material about family, authority, the military and sacrifice.
|$ 172,956,409
|-
|''Alone Yet Not Alone''
|2013
|PG-13
|Conservative Movie that demonstrates the significance that Christianity has had in building this great country of ours. Liberals were shaken when it received an Oscar nomination, proving that there is still a strong, prevalent Conservative voice in Hollywood.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Amazing Grace (movie)|Amazing Grace]]''
|2006
|PG
|Shows the horrors of slave trade. Also makes clear that, contrary to academic claims, Christianity played the largest role in the abolition movement, and that most secular humanists either supported slavery or otherwise did not do a thing to stop it.
|$ 21,208,358
|-
|''American Sniper''
|2015
|R
|The biopic of [[Iraq War]] [[veteran]], [[patriot]] and [[hero]], [[United States Navy|Navy]] [[SEAL]] [[sniper]] [[Chris Kyle]].
|$304,000,000.
|-
|''[[Animal Farm]]''
|1999
|Not Rated
|Live-action film adaptation of the [[conservative]] text of the same name from [[George Orwell]] and of the 1945 original.
|NA - TV
|-
|''[[Argo]]''
|2012
|R
|A daring rescue of Americans trapped in Iran during the [[Iranian Hostage Crisis]]. Also shows the incompetence of the [[Jimmy Carter]] administration in dealing with the hostage crisis.
|
|-
|''[[Atlas Shrugged, Part 1|Atlas Shrugged - Part 1]]''
|2011
|PG-13
|Big screen adaptation of the classic objectivist text.
|$ 4,563,873|
|-
|''Bee Movie''
|2007
|PG
|Even a little bee can change the world. Shows the destructiveness of environmentaslism (i.e. butting into natures problems un the name of helping her), espouces the reward of hard work.
|$287,594,577
|-
|''Bella''
|2007
|PG-13
|[[Pro-life]] drama.
|$8,070,537
|-
|''[[Ben-Hur (film, 1959)|Ben-Hur]]''
|1959
|UR
|Celebrates honor and duty to family and country, with a pro-Christian ending, long held the record for the most [[Academy Awards]].
|$ 17,300,000
|-
|''The Blues Brothers''
|1980
|R
|Comedy musical. A story of redemption, "A mission from God", raising money to save a Catholic orphanage. R-rated movie for vulgar language, slap stick comedy. Vatican approved. <ref>[http://liveshots.blogs.foxnews.com/2010/06/18/vatican-blesses-blues-brothers/ Vatican Calls The Blues Brothers “Catholic”, FOXNews, June 19, 2010]</ref>
|$ 57,229,890
|-
|''Brazil''
|1985
|R
|Much like the conservative text ''1984'' it promotes the idea that big government is wrong for this world.
|
|-
|''[[Bruce Almighty]]''
|2003
|PG-13
|Shows, in a comedic, accessible way, that no one mortal can successfully do [[God]]'s job. (Written by Steve Koren & Mark O'Keefe, the same writers of ''Click''.)
|$242,589,580
|-
|''[[Captain America: The First Avenger]]''
|2011
|PG-13
|Contains messages of patriotism, perseverance and standing up to evil dictators. The film's protagonist Steve Rogers is also arguably the most conservative superhero of the Avengers universe. Last film produced by Marvel Studios before it's takeover by liberal parent [[Disney]].
|$176,654,505
|-
|''Captain America: The Winter Soldier''
|2014
|PG-13
|Film about a hero who believes in the principles that the United States was founded on and is unwilling to see them be destroyed. The filmmakers based the villains of this film on the NSA and the Obama administration.
|$259,766,572
|-
|''Chariots of Fire''
|1981
|PG
|Stories of devout Scottish Christian [[Eric Liddell]] who wants to run for the glory of God and Jewish [[Harold Abrahams]], struggling to overcome prejudice in 1924 Britain. That year's Olmypics Games was especially spiritual when Liddell refused the Prince of Wales' request that he perform his competition on a Sunday.
|$ 58,972,904
|-
|''Cheaper by the Dozen''
|2003
|PG
|Pro-family movie, as the father must sacrifice his dream for his family.
|$190,212,113
|-
|''Chinatown''
|1974
|R
|A thriller about the deceit surrounding water rights in southern California and L.A.'s water system, removing most of the water from the central valley. Sequel: "The Two Jakes" (1990)
|$ 30,000,000 (world wide estimate)
|-
|''Chitty Chitty Bang Bang''
|1968
|G
|Family fights against the villainous king and queen who have outlawed children The film is also pro-family, pro-capitalism, and shows the qualities of practicality.
|$ 7.5 million
|-
|''[[The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe]]''
|2005
|PG
|Based upon the Christian allegory written by C.S. Lewis.
|$ 291,709,845
|-
|data-sort-value="Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian"|[[The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian]]
|2008
|PG
|
|$ 141,621,490
|-
|''[[The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader]]''
|2010
|PG
|
|$ 104,383,624
|-
|''City Slickers''
|1991
|PG-13
|Motivational feel good movie about a man who goes on vacation to Colorado with his friends to be cowboys in order to find his happiness. The main lesson is about having values and knowing what's really importance in life
|$179,033,791
|-
|''Click''
|2006
|PG-13
|A man gets a remote control that can control his life and be able to skip many events in it, including many involving his family. He then learns that he should instead appreciate his life and his family to its fullest, and to not to be ungrateful with experiences that he thinks, out of selfishness, he doesn't always feel like living. (Written by Steve Koren & Mark O'Keefe, the same writers of ''[[Bruce Almighty]]''.)
|$137,340,146
|-
|''Coach Carter''
|2005
|PG-13
|Promotes the theme that graduating from high school and having proper moral values are more important than becoming famous athletes.
|$67,253,092
|-
|''Cobra''
|1986
|R
|[[Sylvester Stallone]] plays a tough police officer who is seemingly above the law, in order to control and stop crime. The liberals and the press are shown in a negative point for not supporting his enforcement.
|$357,067,947
|-
|''Coma''
|1978
|PG
|Villains are running an anti-life conspiracy at a hospital.
|$
|-
|''Contact''
|1997
|PG
|The overall message is about how science and faith do not have to be in opposition to one another.
|$ 100,853,835
|-
|''Courageous''
|2011
|PG-13
|Sherwood Pictures film focusing on the role of fathers and the need for them.
|$ 34,522,221
|-
|''Cronos''
|1993
|R
|In this Mexican film by Guillermo del Toro (''Pan's Labyrinth'', ''Hellboy''), an elderly antiques dealer has a chance at immortality—but at the cost of being a leech to others. Mostly in Spanish with large parts in English.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[The Dark Knight]]''
|2008
|PG-13
|Christian allegory with message of not giving in to terrorists.
|$ 533,316,061
|-
|''[[The Dark Knight Rises]]''
|2012
|PG-13
|Movie that depicts [[Occupy Wall Street]] esque protestors as terrorists and has a hero that does the right thing even when it is the harder thing to do.
|$441,053,078
|-
|''Dark Matter''
|2007
|R
|A candid look at [[professor values]] along with problems associated with lack of assimilation; [[liberal]]s first praised the movie, but after realizing its [[conservative]] message, panned it.
|$ 30,041
|-
|''Don't tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead''
|1991
|PG-13
|Five siblings are left alone for the summer, with no money after their elderly babysitter passes away. They realize the importance of hard work, as well the responsibliites of being an adult, and the negative effects of drugs.
|$25,196,249
|-
|''Dumbo''
|1941
|G
|Exploiting the classic liberal trap of over analyzing. Illustrates the effective management of a business that treats people and animals as equals. Also includes, jolly birds that encourage Dumbo to pull himself up by his bootstraps and learn to fly. Also main character is an elephant
|$29,647,974
|-
|''[[Escape from Hell]]''
|2000
|UR
|Drama about a doctor and near-death experience.
|NA - DVD
|-
|''Evelyn''
|2002
|PG
|True story of Irish father's legal struggle to recover his kids from an orphanage.
|$ 1,483,975
|-
|''[[The Exorcist]]''
|1973
|R
|(''not for children'') - A portrayal of pure evil against a positive characterization of [[Christianity]]. It broke the record for movie revenue and had several sequels and imitators, e.g. ''[[The Omen]]'' in 1976 and The Omen's sequels....
|$ 441,071,011

|-
|''The Expendables''
|2010
|R
|Action movie featuring such Conservative Stars as [[Sylvester Stallone]], [[Bruce Willis]], and former California Governor [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]
|$103,068,524
|-
|''The Expendables 2''
|2012
|R
|Sequel to 2010's ''The Expendables'' starring returning Conservative action stars Stallone, Willis and Schwarzenegger as well as [[Chuck Norris]].
|$11.5
|-
|[[Facing the Giants]]
|2006
|PG
|Trust in [[God]], let him take over, and good things will happen.
|$ 10,178,331
|-
|''Faith of My Fathers''
|2005
|PG-13
|The true story of [[John McCain]] when he served valiantly in the Vietnam War.
|
|-
|Ferris Bueller's Day Off
|1986
|PG-13
|Shows teenage fun without the use of drugs, alcohol or smoking, main character spends a lot of time with his girlfriend and possibly chooses abstinence. Hero also says, he is not socialist, and will never be socialist. Mocks public schools and liberal teaching
| $70,136,369
|-
|''Fiddler on the Roof''
|1971
|G
|A celebration of tradition, faith, and the importance of family, against a historical background of the persecution of Russian Jews.
|$ 50,000,000
|-
|''[[Fireproof (film)|Fireproof]]''
|2008
|PG
|Highly successful pro-Christian, pro-marriage film created by [[Sherwood Pictures]].
|$ 33,451,479
|-
|''Flash of Genius''
|2008
|PG-13
|The intellectual property of a hard-working, solitary inventor is promoted, and his children stuck by his side through enormous difficulties.
|$ 3,744,790
|-
|''Flight 93''
|2006
|PG-13
|Shows the bravery of the passengers on Flight 93, which was hijacked on September 11th, 2001, and crashed into a Pennsylvania field. The passengers fought back against the hijackers.
|NA - TV
|-
|''For Greater Glory''
|2012
|R
|The [[Catholic]] Cristeros Army fights back for religious freedom against a suppressive, [[leftist]] government. Based on the Cristeros War of the 1920's.
|$5,608,651
|-
|''[[Forbidden Planet]]''
|1956
|UR
|
|$ 3,000,000
|-
|''The Forgotten''
|2004
|PG-13
|A mystery film with a great [[Pro-life]] message.<ref>[http://www.decentfilms.com/reviews/forgotten.html ''The Forgotten''] at Decent Film Guide</ref>
|Unknown
|-
|''[[The Fountainhead]]''
|1949
|UR
|Gary Cooper and Patricia Neal starring in Ayn Rand's classic story of the right of the individual to produce on their own terms.
|Unknown
|-
|''Gattaca''
|1997
|PG-13
|A condemnation of human genetic engineering, and a wonderful triumph of individualism in an extremely totalitarian regime. Unfortunately the movie ends with a materialistic message: "They say every atom in our bodies was once a part of a star. So, maybe I'm not leaving, maybe I'm going home" (A phrase said when the protagonist finally managed to go to space).
|$ 12,339,633
|-
|''[[Ghostbusters]]''
|1984
|PG
|Fitting satire of an unfair (and likely liberal) professor, senseless academic research, paganism, and a villainous EPA regulator. Sample line by one of the stars (Dan Aykroyd) when asked to shift from the public to the [[private sector]]: “I don’t know about that. I’ve worked in the private sector. They expect results!” Followed by a sequel, "Ghostbusters 2" in 1989.
|$ 238,632,124
|-
|God's Not Dead
|2014
|PG
|Christian film about a brave young man who stands up to his Atheist bully of a professor and demonstrates the strength and wholesomeness of Christianity. Furthermore, it illustrates Atheists as people who acknowledge the existence of God, but deny him out of self hatred. Features Conservative celebrity cameos such as Willie and Korie Robertson (of [[Duck Dynasty]] fame) and the Christian Rock Band, the Newsboys. Liberals were shocked when it stood strong in the box office, being in the top 5 opening weekend
|$9,244,641
|-
|''[[Gone With the Wind]]''
|1939
|UR
|Celebrates a strongly ''feminine'' heroine who is the antithesis of a modern [[feminist]], and held the record for top-grossing movie for decades.
|$ 198,676,459
|-
|The Goonies
|1985
|PG-13
|The adventures of teenagers trying to find a long lost treasure, before the criminals do.
|$61,389,680
|-
|''The Greatest Story Ever Told''
|1965
|UR
| Title says it all: The story of Jesus (played excellently by Max Von Sydow).
|$8,000,000 (U.S.), $20,000,0000 (worldwide)
|-
|''The Green Berets''
|1968
|G
|Vivid defense of our troops' conduct in the Vietnam War.
|$ 11,000,000
|-
|''Groundhog Day''
|1993
|PG
|Pro-Family, Pro-God, promotes Christianity and contains many conservative values
|$70,906,973
|-
|''Harry's War''
|1981
|PG
|Anti-IRS comedy.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Hero]]''
|1992
|PG-13
|Even those with character flaws can do good.
|$ 19,487,173
|-
|''The Hiding Place''
|1975
|PG
|Biopic World War II story of Corrie and Betsy (Elizabeth) ten Boom (Jeannette Clift, Julie Harris), who hid Jews in their Haarlem, Netherlands home's secret wall and were betrayed and imprisoned in Ravensbruck Women's concentration camp in Germany, until Betsy's death and Corrie's accidental release through what would years later be found to be a clerical mistake, as all the other women in Corrie's group of prisoners were gassed to death in January, 1945. A true lesson of "no pit is so deep that God's love is not deeper still." Produced by Billy Graham Evangelical Association's, World Wide Pictures.
|unknown revenue
|-
|''Hitler's Children''
|1943
|UR/PG
|Sensational melodrama about the [[Hitler Youth]] of pre-WWII 1930s Nazi Germany, based on Gregor Ziemer's best selling ''Education for Death: The Making of A Nazi".
|$3,355,000
|-
|''Home Run''
|2013
|PG-13
|Christian Sports Drama about a baseball player, who tries to overcome a serious drinking problem.
|$2,861,020
|-
|''Honey, I Shrunk The Kids''
|1989
|PG
| Loveable genius inventor Wayne Szalinski (Rick Moranis) accidentally shrinks his children and some of his neighbors's while testing his laser shrinking ray, sending them off on an adventure in their own yard against what would be mundane situations and creatures to normal sized people. Spawned two sequels, the obviously opposite ''Honey, I Blew up The Kid'' (1992) and video-made ''Honey, We Shrunk Ourselves'' (1997)
| $130,724,2000
|-
|''The Hurt Locker''
|2008
|R
|A look into the life of an American bomb disposal regiment in Iraq risking their lives for their country and for the innocent by confronting evil. Rated R for violence and language.
|$ 12,647,089
|-
|''I Am David''
|2003
|PG
|Motivational movie to show the power of the individual, and the triumph of charity, faith, and hope as well as showing the dangerous of communism
|$292,376
|-
|''I Confess''
|1953
|UR
|In this classic by Alfred Hitchcock, a clergyman honors his sacred vow of confidentiality with respect to a confession despite intense pressure to disclose it.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[The Incredibles]]''
|2004
|PG
|The world's superheroes are forced to give up their heroics and go into hiding after Mr. Incredible saves a suicidal man as well as a derailed train from a bridge destroyed by one of his enemies (who ironically got away with it), causing the populace to turns on superheroes and lawyers to sue them.

The film celebrates the importance of the family unit; Elastigirl fails at parenting when her husband, Mr. Incredible, neglects to help her raise their children; a traditional family of superheroes is portrayed as the saviors of society, whose importance and presence has been unfairly suppressed. In addition, Mr. Incredible was also shown in the beginning to take marriage seriously, immediately heading over to the wedding when he realizes he may be running late, and doing various crime-stopping when he has time before it.

The movie also contains the conservative idea that recognition should be based on merit rather than on unsubstantiated expectations of equality. The villain, Syndrome, out of sheer jealousy, attempts to kill off real superheroes so that he use technology to pretend to be one, later planning to sell his gadgets so that everyone in the world can be super. "And when everyone is super," he explains, "no one will be." When Mr. Incredible is asked to attend his son's fifth-grade graduation, he criticizes society for "celebrating mediocrity" instead of those who are "genuinely exceptional."
|$631,442,092
|-
|''[[Indiana Jones]] series''
|1981, 1984, 1989, 2008
|PG PG-13
|
|Unknown
|-
|''Invasion of the Body Snatchers''
|1956
|UR
|A science fiction condemnation of [[Communism]], produced for only $420,000 and remade successfully in three additional movies.
|$ 2,500,000
|-
|''[[Iron Eagle]]''
|1986
|PG-13
| A young man's father, an Air Force pilot, is shot down over the Middle East and its up to the young man and an Air Force colonel to save him. Included three sequels in 1988, 1992 and 1995.
|$24,159,872 (U.S.)
|-
|''The Island''
|2005
|PG-13
|Pro-life statement against cloning to harvest organs.
|$ 35,799,026
|-
|''[[Jurassic Park]]''
|1993
|PG-13
|Criticizes the effects of research into genetic [[cloning]],Included two sequels in 1997 and 2001 and a planned fouth entry in 2013.
|$357,067,947
|-
|''King of Kings''
|1961
|PG-13, originally NR
|2 hour, 51 minute widescreen epic by the great director Nicholas Ray about Jesus and his promises of spiritual redemption, as contrasted with the story of the revolutionary leader Barabbas and his promises of worldly redemption.
|Unknown
|-
|''Knute Rockne: All-American''
|1940
|UR
|Stars [[Ronald Reagan]] as corageous football player George Gipp, who dies before an important game.
|Unknown
|-
|''Ladder 49''
|2004
|PG-13
|Shows the courageousness of firefighters.
|$ 74,541,707
|-
|''Last Ounce of Courage''
|2012
|PG
|Family drama about the struggles Christians suffer through politics and abolishment of religious freedom
|$1,585,994
|-
|''Lean on Me''
|1989
|PG-13
|A true story about combating drug use, violence, and contempt for authority while exalting positive values like academic achievement and family values. Biodrama about Paterson, New Jersey's real life [[Joe Clark]]. <ref>http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0097722/</ref>
|$ 31,906,454
|-
|''Liar Liar''
|1997
|PG-13
|Surprisingly takes on an anti-feminist theme by depicting the father as the good, righteous side in a courtroom divorce trial.
|$181,410,615
|-
|''The Lion King''
|1994
|G
|A main message of the movie is honoring thy father, and the power-hungry main antagonist, once he becomes ruler, favors big government, pushes [[liberal values]] and destroys their territory.
|$ 312,825,899
|-
|''The Little Mermaid''
|1989
|G
|A mermaid strives to become a traditional female human, following the patriarchal system of society. The centers around conservative Christian values and contains an anti-feminism theme. The villain is shown in a devilish way, and claims about men not wanting women who talk and care only for a woman's body language (a common claim by feminists against males) is made clear to be lies. In addition, it also contains a pro-traditional marriage theme, and is the last Disney animated feature film to actually treat traditional marriage as a good thing for a while. Despite being set under the sea, it also features an anti-[[Environmentalism]] message, as the characters (namely King Triton) who pushed anti-human sentiments turned out to be wrong in their negative views on humans.
|$111,543,479
|-
|''[[The Lives of Others]]''
|2006
|R
|(''Not for children'') - This German-language film is a stinging criticism of [[Communist]] [[East Germany]] from a liberal perspective.
|$ 11,286,112
|-
|''[[The Fellowship of the Ring (film, 2001)|The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
|2001
|PG-13
|Clear distinction between good and evil with positive themes of friendship, bravery, honor, sacrifice and overcoming temptation.
|$ 314,776,114
|-
|''[[The Two Towers (film, 2002)|The Lord of the Rings: the Two Towers]]''
|2002
|PG-13
|Strong portrayals of redemption and good over evil.
|$ 340,478,898
|-
|''[[The Return of the King (2003 film)|The Lord of the Rings: the Return of the King]]''
|2003
|PG-13
|Bravery, heroism, sacrifice and good ultimately triumphing over evil.
|$ 377,027,325
|-
|''Logan's Run''
|1967
|PG/R
|A man within a liberal society (evideniced by acceptance of homosexuality and work-free spoiled existance) that kills everyone on their 30th claiming it's rebirth (see [[Liberal Denial]]) escapes to find a world of hardwork and ageing.
|
|-
|''The Lost Weekend''
|1945
|UR
|Illustrates the dangers of alcohol abuse.
|Unknown
|-
|''Make Mine Freedom''
|1948
|
|A short cartoon, which shows how [[Capitalism]] works and how [[Communism]] steals [[Freedom]].
|Unknown
|-
|Man Of Steel
|2013
|PG-13
| [[Superman]] is portrayed as a Christ-like figure, shows bravery of the U.S. Military and shows the theme of protecting the ones you love.
|$291,045,518
|-
|''[[Master and Commander | Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World]]''
|2003
|PG-13
|Promotes many positive conservative values including faith in God, patriotism, duty, honor, respect for authority, discipline, bravery, sacrifice, and friendship.
|$ 93,926,386
|-
|''[[Matilda]]''
|1996
|PG
|Film adaptation of Roald Dahl's children's novel of a bright little girl who uses her magical genius to free herself from the foolish, selfish people in her life-her self-absorbed parents, bratty brother and horrid [[public school]] principal.
|$33,084,249
|-
|''Meet the Robinsons''
|2007
|G
|A child does not seem to fit in to society, his main hobby is inventing. He travels to the future to see meet his family, and he realizes persistence pays off in the end and he discovers that his inventions ultimately do change society, and his own life, for the better. The movie shows a message about the value of life, family, and considers the contributions and possibilities lost by every child that is aborted.
|$169,333,034
|-
|''The Mill and the Cross'' (Polish original)
|2011
|UR
|Persecution of Christians in Flanders region of Belgium during the 16th Century
|$ 310,900
|-
|''[[Miracle]]''
|2004
|PG
|Movie about the United States hockey team which won the gold medal in the 1980 Winter Olympics. Stresses the important of hard work, resiliency, selflessness and putting your best effort forward to reach an unseen goal.
|$ 64,445,708
|-
|''Moses''
|1974 Italy-U.K.
|PG
|Italian-British-American production which features [[Burt Lancaster]] playing [[Moses]] the lawgiver. Less flamboyant than Cecil B. Demille's movie The Ten Commandments and focuses more on the Biblical figure of Moses. Originally a 6-part U.S. TV mini-series in 1975, but edited to make it a U.S. movie in 1976.
|unknown money returns
|-
|''Mr. Skeffington''
|1944
|UR
|Bette Davis portrays a socialite whose life is ruined when she turns ugly with age. Anti-Nazi and anti-materialistic.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Mr. Smith Goes to Washington]]''
|1939
|UR
|A tale of a good, simple man rising above the pressures of [[liberals]] to do the right thing. Features perhaps the best defense of the American political system ever committed to film.
|Unknown
|-
|-
|''My Own Private Idaho''
|1991
|R
|Two good friends learn to pull themselves up by their bootstraps and make it in the business world.
|unknown
|-
|''My Son John''
|1952
|UR
|A small-town couple's world is turned upside-down by the discovery that their adult son is a Communist.
| amount made unknown
|-
|''The Name of the Rose''
|1986
|R
|A mystery centered around the balance between faith and science, as well as debate over the role of poverty in religion and religious orders.
|$ 5,595,706
|-
|''The Nativity Story''
|2006
|PG
|Title says it all about this Biblical epic.
|$37,629,831
|-
|''Ninotchka''
|1939
|UR
|
|Unknown
|-
|''Not Without My Daughter''
|1991
|PG-13
|Sally Fields is [[Betty Mahmoody]], the U.S. wife who, along with her daughter, was tricked in 1984 by her Iranian born husband into traveling with him on what he said would be only two weeks in his homeland to visit his relatives (he lied bigtime about the two weeks part!).
|$14,789,113 (U.S.)
|-
|''[[October Baby]]''
|2012
|PG-13
|A first-rate, compelling film that leaves no doubt about how wrong [[abortion]] is.
|$5,357,328
|-
|''[[October Sky]]''
|1999
|PG
|Four high school boys from a rural coal mining town, inspired by Sputnik, set out to build their own rockets and become rocket scientists.
|$ 32,481,825
|-
|''Of Gods and Men'' (French original)
|2010
|R
|Martyrdom of Trappist monks by Muslim terrorists in an impoverished Algerian community
|$ 3,954,651
|-
|''Oh, God!''
|1977
|PG
|Acceptance of God's calling is rewarded, the faithful are vindicated, and naysayers are proven wrong. Had two sequels in 1980 and 1984.
|$ 41,687,243
|-
|''[[On The Waterfront]]''
|1954
|UR
|[[Marlon Brando]] plays Terry Malloy, who under the inspiration of a Catholic priest (Father Barry, played by [[Karl Malden]]), becomes a Christ-like figure. Betrayed by his brother and almost killed by the gang, he finds the strength to overcome and redeem his people from the slavery to the mobsters who run the waterfront. In stunning contrast to the liberals who kept silent about the Communist subversion in Hollywood, the film portrays the informer as the hero; liberal Hollywood never forgave director [[Elia Kazan]] for his stunning film. In real life, Kazan, Malden and screenwriter Budd Schulberg all testified before Congress, along with [[Ronald Reagan]]. Together they broke the power of the Reds in Hollywood.
|$ 9,600,000
|-
|''One Day In The Life of Ivan Denisovich''
|1970 Britain/Norway
|PG
| [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]]'s best selling novel brought to film as Tom Courtneay is the titular prisoner in early 1950s Siberia as punishment for surrendering to the Nazis during World War II and his struggle for small comforts to ease the harsh injusticies of the Gulag. A smashing indictment of the Soviet system.
|amount unknown
|-
|''One Foot In Heaven''
|1941
|UR
|
|Unknown
|-
|''The Pacifier''
|2005
|PG
|Navy Seal Shane Wolfe (Vin Diesel) is assigned to be the guardian of five children, he learns from them the responsibilities of being in a family. As they learn from him the importance of protecting the country
|$113,086,868
|-
|''Parental Guidance''
|2012
|PG
|Two parents raise their kids in liberal way, and as a result are unhappy and rebellious, they leave them alone with their grandparents for a weekend who bring in conservative values, and helps the kids realize the importance of family.
|$119,772,232
|-
|''[[The Patriot]]''
|2000
|R
|A patriot fights for American freedom during the [[American Revolution]].
|$215,294,342[
|-
|''Pinocchio''
|1940
|G
|A kindhearted craftsman wishes for his own son, a blue fairy (resembling the Blessed Virgin Mary) grants his wish and turns one of his wooden puppets into a real boy. The boy learns about "[[moral values]]", and must escape the bad boys who have"[[hollywood values]]" and as a result are turned in donkeys (may represent democrats in pop culture).
|$84,254,167
|-
|''[[Pirates of the Caribbean]]: On Stranger Tides''
|2011
|PG-13
|Unlike the rest of the movies in the series which were pure entertainment, this movie has some good Christian messages and a Christian missionary is presented in a positive light. The climax of the movie presents a very important message too; ''Only God can grant eternal life, not this pagan waters. Men, destroy this profane temple!''
|$1.046 billion
|-
|''[[The Prince of Egypt]]''
|1998
|PG
|An animated telling of the life of [[Moses]].
|$ 101,217,900
|-
|''[[The Pursuit of Happyness]]''
|2006
|PG-13
|A film that shows hard work, dedication, loyalty and trust can result in success and “happiness” for any American, regardless of race, gender or creed. It is an instructional piece about the tradition of “stick-to-it-iveness” that has made America a land of hope and opportunity for so many. This film’s main themes -- the primacy of the family, the blessings of free and open markets, the necessity of staying true to one’s ideals -- are all conservative concepts. .
|$307,077,300
|-
|''Quo Vadis''
|1951
|UR
|The early Christian Church during the time of [[Nero]]'s regime.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]''
|1981
|PG
|
|$242,374,454
|-
|''[[Red Dawn]]''
|1984
|PG-13
|A film by conservative writer and director [[John Milius]] about American high school students resisting a Soviet invasion through guerrilla warfare. Remade in 2012
|$ 35,866,000
|-
|''Rise of the Guardians ''
|2012
|PG
|Four immortal guardians appear as Christ-like creatures, who jobs are to protect those children who belief in them. Two of the guardians are Santa Claus and the Eagle Bunny based on Christian allegories.
|$103,412,758
|-
|''[[Rocky]]''
|1976
|PG
|A talented but down-on-his-luck fighter gets a chance to challenge himself to the ends of his ability. This film-and its sequels and remakes- reinforces man's ability to overcome challenges. Included four sequels and one remake.
|$ 117,235,247
|-
|''[[The Room]]''
|2003
|R
|Anti-alcoholism and adultery. Shows the destructive nature of liberal values.
|$1800 in its initial theater run. Has done much better in recent theater screanings.
|-
|''Rosemary's Baby''
|1968
|R
|Higher powers intervene in this story of a young Catholic mother's devotion to her unborn infant
|Unknown
|-
|''Rudy''
|1993
|PG
|A young man overcomes many obstacles, including dyslexia, to play for the [[Notre Dame]] football team. Shows the value of hard work and never giving up.
|$ 22,750,363
|-
|''The Sandlot''
|1993
|PG
|Honestly depicts 1950s America when boys acted like boys and girls acted like girls, wimps were taught to toughen up, and every boy had a chance to be great. No historical revisionism.
|$ 32,416,586
|-
|''The Santa Clause (Series)''
|1994, 2002, 2006
|PG
|A divorced father of one must take on the responsibility of being Santa Claus after he is chosen, promotes the importance of traditional marriage, and the importance of family and Christmas
|$144,833,357, $144,833,357, $144,833,357
|-
|''Saving Christmas''
|2014
|PG
|Kirk Cameron fights using the truth in the War on Christmas. Liberals tried to censor it, but ultimately became a hit among those who believes in the truth.
|$2,800,000
|-
|''Sergeant York''
|1941
|UR
|A young American soldier during WWI overcomes an unfounded religious objection to killing and becomes a war hero.
|Unknown
|-
|''The Seventh Seal''
|1956
|NR
|Swedish film about the strength of religion.
|
|-
|''The Seventh Sign''
|1988
|R
|Starring Demi Moore, a fictional account of the return of Jesus to usher in the apocalypse and judge mankind. Catholic themed movie has Demi offering her life for the souls of others.
|$ 18,875,011
|-
|''Shane''
|1953
|UR
|Western about defending a homesteading family.
|$ 20,000,000
|-
|''Shattered Glass''
|2003
|PG-13
|Based on the true story of Stephen Glass (Hayden Christensen), a reporter in the late 90's for the liberal magazine The New Republic, lies and distorts news stories to make them entertaining. He begins by submitting an article about the Conservative Political Action Conference, in which he fabricated stories of drinking and sexual mischief. Then, after he writes a colorful but suspicious story on a superstar web hacker, a group from a small online news site begin to question his journalistic integrity.
|$2,220,008
|-
|''Snitch''
|2013
|PG-13
|A father becomes an informant on helping the police arrest drug dealers, so he can get his son out of prison. Pro-drug war, the villains of the movie are all drug dealers.
|$42,930,462
|-
|''Soul Surfer''
|2011
|PG
|The true story of champion surfer 13-year-old Bethany Hamilton who loses her arm to a shark. Her Christian faith helps her overcome her handicap to surf once again.
|$ 43,853,424
|-
|''[[The Sound of Music]]''
|1965
|UR
|Solid family entertainment about Austria's von Trapps before World War II.
|$ 158,671,368
|-
|''[[Spider-Man (film)]]''
|2002
|PG-13
|Praises moral virtue (hard-working teenager, devout aunt and well-meaning uncle) and pokes fun at [[liberals]] (entertainers and journalists). Hero chooses [[abstinence]]. This was one of the most profitable films ever made and had two sequels.
|$ 403,706,375
|-
|''Strategic Air Command''
|1955
|UR
|Actor (and Brigadier [[General]]) [[James Stewart]]'s story of the real [[Strategic Air Command]] and its transition from prop planes to jet planes.
|Unknown
|-
|''[[The Ten Commandments]]''
|1956
|UR
|The definitive film portrayal of [[Exodus]].
|$ 65,500,000
|-
|''The Tree of Life''
|2011
|PG-13
|An adaptation of the Book of Job set in 1950s Texas with a narrative structure based on the nature of human memory which many viewers will find confusing.
|Unknown
|-
|''True Lies''
|1994
|R
|Stars the future Republican governor of California, [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]. Teaches conservative values like marital loyalty, and political incorrect facts such as the fact that most terrorists are Middle Eastern radicals who don't value human life.
|$ 146,261,000
|-
|''The Tunnel'' (''Der Tunnel'')
|2001
|
|Based on a true story a group of East Berliners escaping harsh Communist rule and hatch a plan to help others escape that same oppressive regime.
|$ 10,890
|-
|''Twelve O'Clock High''
|1949
|UR
|A thrilling movie about the heroics of fighter pilots during [[World War II]]; used as an educational film for management training seminars.
|$ 3,225,000
|-
|''Uncle Buck''
|1989
|PG-13
|A slobbish bachelor babysits his rebellious teenage niece and her younger brother and sister, and they learn the true importance of family.
|$79,258,538
|-
|''[[Veggie Tales]]''
|1993-Present
|TV-Y
|The adventures of anthropomorphic vegetables, where the stories are all based upon moral themes based on Christianity.
|Made for TV
|-
|''We Were Soldiers''
|2002
|R
|Pro-war story film based on the soldiers and families fighting in World War II.
|$114,660,784
|-
|''The Wicker Man''
|2006
|PG-13
|Shows the dangers of feminism.
|
|-
|''Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory''
|1971
|G
|Showing the importance of having character. Charlie is able to accept the consequences of his actions. He acknowledges his wrongdoing while in the factory, and relinquishes a potential goldmine, from the sale of his everlasting gobstopper to a rival spy, back to Wonka.
The hidden message in this film is one of redemption. It is hidden because it is conveyed through the imagery of the films final scene. Charlie has made it to the end of his journey. Despite his moral struggles, he finds redemption through his desire to correct his mistake. He is given a reward that is beyond his wildest expectations- he is given the keys to the factory while the Wonkavator crashes through the ceiling up into the sky. The allusion to Heaven and salvation is unmistakable.
|$4 million
|-
|''The Winning Team''
|1952
|UR
|[[Ronald Reagan]] stars as a baseball pitcher who overcomes his problems to help his team win. This was one of Reagan's own favorites.
|Unknown
|-
|''Witness''
|1985
|R
|Highlights the virtues of strong moral values, with more substance than ''High Noon''.
|$ 65,500,000
|-
|''Won't Back Down''
|2012
|PG-13
|A brilliant movie that criticizes public schools.
|
|-
|''[[World Trade Center]]''
|2006
|PG-13
|Highlights the bravery of NYC's firemen and police in [[9/11]]
|$ 70,236,496
|-
|''Wreck It Ralph''
|2012
|PG
|Main lesson of the film is that Ralph a video game villain who is being the poor and medal-less guy encourages him to use his equal opportunities to do better and pursue his own successes. The basis of the American Dream, the goal of overcoming one's present, lowly circumstances to achieve a state of greatness; and shows how trying to achieving this goal by theft, is the wrong way to do it. In addition the main villain of the movie is competition-hating villain, who has a pushed liberal values and established what's like a fixed-economy where in a game only he wins.
|$189,422,889
|-
|}

==Documentaries==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Film
!Year
!Rating
!Comments
!Gross (Domestic)
|-
|''[[2016: Obama's America]]''
|2012
|PG
|Documentary by Conservative author [[Dinesh D'Souza]] explores the disturbing origins of [[Barack Hussein Obama]], including his inherited philosophy with his [[Barack Obama Sr.|drunken father]] and his inspiration from [[Communist]]s [[Frank Marshall Davis]] and [[William Ayers|Bill Ayers]].
|$33,349,941
|-
|''[[Expelled | Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed]]''
|2008
|PG
|[[Ben Stein]] exposes [[evolution|evolutionists]]' scientific and education system [[deceit]].
|$ 7,690,545
|-
|''[[The Great Global Warming Swindle]]''
|2007
|UR
|Exposing the greatest fraud in the history of science.
|NA - TV
|-
|''[[Hillary: The Movie]]''
|2008
|UR
|Citizens United film exposing Hillary Clinton. This movie was the impetus of the lawsuit which overturned the McCain-Feingold legislation by the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] in ''[[Citizens United v. FEC]]''.
|NA - TV
|-
|''[[How Should We Then Live]]''
|1976
|UR
|Christian film that traces Western history from Ancient Rome until 1976. A study of philosophic, scientific, and religious movements reflecting changing patterns.
|NA - TV
|-
|''[[I Want Your Money]]''
|2010
|PG
|Documentary film which supports the triumph of [[Reagan]]-economics over [[Obamanomics]].
|$433,588
|-
|''[[Indoctrinate U]]''
|2007
|UR
|Exposed political correctness, racial and ethnic politics in the academic setting. <ref>[http://video.yahoo.com/watch/3624795/9994231 Indoctrinate U -Part 1/3, Yahoo]</ref>
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Kids Aren't Cars]]''
|2011
|UR
|How the teachers' unions are destroying our public schools. <ref>[http://www.kidsarentcars.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/KACOneSheet.pdf KAC Summary]</ref>
|Unknown
|-
|''[[Maafa21]]''
|2009
|UR
|This film explores the inception of [[Planned Parenthood]] as an organization created to exterminate African-Americans. It exposes the words of its' racist founder [[Margaret Sanger]] and their impact on black genocide more than a century later. <ref>[http://www.maafa21.com www.maafa21.com]</ref>
|NA - DVD
|-
|''Occupy Unmasked''
|2012
|Not rated
|Documentary about [[Occupy Wall Street]]-movement.
|
|-
|''[[Waiting for Superman]]''
|2010
|PG
|Documentary on the U.S.' failed public school system.
|$ 6,410,257
|-
|''[[The Soviet Story]]''
|2008
|
|Documentary about the crimes of [[Communism]] and the [[Soviet Union]].
|-
|"MARGARET THATCHER - Death of a Revolutionary"
|2013
|
|Shows how Thatcher's economic liberalism helped Britain turn from a socialist country outside of the [[Iron Curtain]] to one of Europe's best economies. It tells us contrary to popular belief (which is mostly likely lies spread by socialists, liberals and fake conservatives), the working classes actually liked her more than the upper classes.
|}

== Debatable Whether Conservative ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Film
!Year
!Rating
!Comments
!Gross (Domestic)
|-
|''[[Zulu]]''
|1964
|UR
|Courageous, Duty, Patriotism. A defending of Western Civilization
|
|-
|''[[The Passion of the Christ]]''
|2004
|R
|Downplays the [[Resurrection]],<ref>The original version of the film had no references at all to the Resurrection.</ref> and strength of Christianity and omits powerful angels; instead exaggerates triumph of evil; film had little lasting effect on public or its producer; portrayed nails as through the hands rather than through the wrists as depicted by the [[Shroud of Turin]] and confirmed by modern science.
|$ 370,782,930
|-
|''Team America: World Police''
|2004
|R
|While is clearly pro-military, pro-America, and anti-Hollywood, the movie is riddled with liberal values, including toilet humor and vulgar language throughout. Also, in the movie's foul mouthed theme song, it says yay to abortion, slavery, pornography, and Democrats, while having no positive reaction to Republicans
|
|-
|''Shame''
|2011
|NC-17
|While the movie shows [[Hollywood Values]], such as sex addiction, in a negative light and is clearly anti-homosexual agenda, as the main character reaches his lowest point by partaking in such acts, the film is graphic in its nature leaving one to question how conservative it really is.
|
|-
|''[[It's a Wonderful Life]]''
|1946
|UR
|Falsely teaches that humanism is what makes life worthwhile; marginalizes [[faith]] with a cartoonish depiction and demonizes capitalism as sadistic and greedy.
|$ 3,300,000
|-
|''[[High Noon]]''
|1952
|UR
|A favorite of both Presidents [[Dwight Eisenhower]] and [[Bill Clinton]]; [[John Wayne]] said it was "the most un-American thing I've ever seen in my whole life";<ref>http://www.brightlightsfilm.com/47/highnoon.php</ref> though susceptible of various interpretations, most of all it seems to scare people into wanting more government.
|$ 3,750,000
|-
|''[[P.C.U.]]''
|1994
|PG-13
|College students fight back against a campus where the administration promotes official [[diversity]] awareness weekends and radical [[feminism]], [[vegan]]ism, and [[political correctness]] run amok, but a conservative group on campus is also portrayed just as negatively as the P.C. groups.
|$ 4,350,774
|-
|''Pillow Talk''
|1959
|UR
|A classic starring Rock Hudson and Doris Day in which conservative values triumph over liberal ones. There are no distortions by feminist ideology. Indeed, in one scene a leading man slaps the leading lady, but then is beaten up by dimwitted bystanders for it!
|$ 18,750,000
|-
|''[[The Way We Were]]''
|1973
|PG
|Unique in the way that it appears liberal to liberals while unintentionally sending a [[conservative]] message to young women.
|$ 49,919,870
|-
|''[[Grease]]''
|1978
|PG
|Some [[conservative]] messages and no [[feminism]] or other [[political correctness]]; mocks [[public school]] and even [[television]] during the 1950s. Followed in 1982 by a much panned sequel (''[[Grease 2]]'').
|$ 153,113,000
|-
|''[[Fargo]]''
|1996
|R
|Pregnant sheriff with traditional American family values solves an elaborate criminal embezzlement, kidnapping and murder scheme.
|$ 24,611,975
|-
|''[[Juno (film)|Juno]]''
|2007
|PG-13
|A pregnant teenage woman rejects [[abortion]] and decides for an adoptive birth instead. This movie pushes [[feminism]] and marginalizes the essential role of fatherhood.
|$ 143,492,840
|-
|''Camelot''
|1967
|G
|The famous jousting scene is a powerful display of Christian values and chivalry, but the movie seems lost afterward.
|$ 31,102,578
|-
|''The Iron Lady''
|2011
|PG-13
|The British biopic of [[Conservative Party]] leader and 1979-90 [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]], Margaret Thatcher, showing the effects of conservative economic policy on Britain, helping to lift the country out of its recession.
|$ 80,554,188 (international including UK), $27,081,674 (US - domestic)
|-
|21 Jump Street
|2011
|R
|Two police officers try to take down a drug ring in high school where the villains are environmentalists and drug dealers. But contains many sexual references, full profanity, and many religious insults
|$201,585,328
|
|-
|''[[The Simpsons]] Movie''
|2007
|PG-13
|Portrays the liberal [[Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] as a villainous and devious agency, and portrays the Government in general as intrusive and corrupt. On the other hand, it also promotes [[environmentalism]] in the beginning.
|$183,135,014
|-
|''Back to the Future''
|1985
|PG
|Contains some conservative messages such as the triumph of chivalry as well as the negative effects of deviancy and drug/alcohol addiction, although the film also promotes negative values including premarital sexual activity and disregard for chasity. Included two sequels in 1989 and 1990.
|$210,609,762
|-
|''The Campaign''
|2012
|R
|Political comedy depicts the Democratic candidate (Will Ferrell) as an obnoxious, drunken womanizer and satire of [[John Edwards]], although the Republican candidate (Zach Galifinakis) is portrayed just as negatively as a corrupt capitalist.
|$33,165,738
|-
|''Knocked Up''
|2007
|R
|Unemployed, immature and childish 23-year old Ben Stone (Seth Rogen) has a one night stand with serious career woman Alison Scott (Katherine Heigl), with the unintended consequence of pregnancy. Alison's mother (Joanna Kerns) says she should get the pregnancy "taken care of", while Ben's best friend Jonah (Jonah Hill) suggests that "I won't say the A-word, but it rhymes with abortion." Alison decides to keep the child, while Ben decides to find a real job, grow up, and become a father.
|$148,768,917
|-
|''[[Beauty and the Beast]]''
|1991
|G
|A young woman overcomes a shallow society and finds true love. Although by comparison a powerful and immensely popular antidote to [[feminism]] to the [[liberal]] movies churned out by [[Disney]] since, as well as overall promoting redemption (as seen with the Beast's transformation), and also promoting some family values (such as Belle being loyal to her father), there were a few hints at feminist propaganda at the beginning of the film, such as Belle being different from the villagers because she can read, which is implied to not be supported by the villagers at all (feminist propaganda often claims that women couldn't get an education until the 1960s), as well as Belle being unwilling to hold the role of housewife for Gaston or raising children. Then-Disney Chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg also mentioned that he wanted "a feminist twist" on the original fairy tale by creating a heroine who is "a departure from typical Disney female characters",<ref>http://articles.mcall.com/1991-11-22/features/2825583_1_beast-s-castle-fairy-tale-madame-gabrielle</ref> and Linda Woolverton made clear that she made Belle a feminist and based her on the women's liberation movement in order to avoid creating another insipid princess.<ref name="Beauty and Maleficent">{{Cite web|url = http://time.com/2798136/maleficent-beauty-beast-writer/|title = The Same Woman Wrote Maleficent and Beauty and the Beast—Here’s How They’re Linked|date = May 30, 2014|accessdate = January 16, 2014|website = Time|publisher = |last = Rothman|first = Lily}}</ref> Gaston is a conservative and hardworking hunter who is considered by the villagers to be their town hero, but is shown to be the main villain of the movie (it should also be noted that in the original screenplay for the film, Gaston was intended to be a Marquess [French nobleman], meaning the decision to make him a conservative and hardworking hunter was made after a rewrite). In addition, the villagers (strongly implied to be practicing and devout Christians) were later briefly seen supporting a plan that went against God's teachings. In addition, Belle's love for Beast (where it is implied that she was largely unaware of the Beast being formerly a human prince) could be seen as promoting bestiality. Also, it is the first Disney movie to neither show nor hint at the two love interests getting married, and in fact, the only "wedding" in the film was the one Belle ruined, creating negative implications about marriage as a result, as well as starting a string of movies that don't paint marriage in a positive light. There were also several overtones of a pro-homosexual agenda within the film, including the mob song late into the film, largely because of the executive producer, Howard Ashman, being gay and dying from AIDs at the time the film was made. One of the protagonistic characters, Lumiere, is briefly seen making out with a featherduster and was implied that the two weren't married, with some hints at Lumiere being a unrepentant womanizer. In addition, some elements of the film were later reused in the [[Essay:Worst Liberal Movies#Social|definitely liberal]] ''Maleficent'' movie.<ref name="Beauty and Maleficent" />
|$ 25,487,028
|-
|''[[Titanic]]''
|1997
|PG-13
|Every life had value and the most powerful men gave up their seats on lifeboats to women and children first; the media and a young [[RINO]] are rightly criticized; broke the record in movie revenues. However, it also gave some hints at a pro-socialist view, and a key scene involving Rose being drawn in the nude is invocative of pornography.
|$ 600,779,824
|-
|''[[The Hunger Games]]''
|2012
|PG-13
|Futuristic totalitarians plan titular annual televisied "games" as punishement on the descendants of failed revolutionaries from a past uprising. Although technically a message against totalitarianism and for individualism, Leftist actor Donald Sutherland, who played President Snow, implied that the struggles of the films' protagonists were supposed to be derived from the Occupy Wall Street movement, and the book's author also indicated that the events of the book were based on the George W. Bush administration.
|$406,267,858
|-
|Super
|2010
|R
|Main character becomes a super hero after a vision from God. He also frequently turns to prayer and a Christian television show for guidance. Even though his wife leaves him for a drug dealer, he remains loyal to her for the whole movie. Although contains foul language, violence, and brief nudity scenes.
|Unknown
|-
|''The LEGO Movie''
|2014
|PG
|Anti-Large Government, with a message that anyone has the potential to be extraordinary. However is also anti-capitalist, and the main villain is Lord Business
|
|-
|''We're the Milers''
|2013
|R
|A drug dealer, stripper, runaway, and average loser pretend to be a make family to sneak marijuana out of Mexico. However they learn the value and importance of family. The villains of the movie are all drug gang men, the film also features a stripper scene, and weather or not the film is anti-drug in the end is debatable
|$150,394,119
|-
|Kingsman: The Secret Service
|2015
|R
|Anti-enviromentalist, the villian attempts to eradicate the human race because of his belief in man made global warming. Though film is full of language and violence as well as a brief nudity scene.
|
|-
|''[[Star Wars]]''
|1977-1983 (Original Trilogy); 1999-2005 (Prequel Trilogy); 2015- (Sequel Trilogy)
|PG, PG-13 (Episode III Only)
|Mostly composed of simple truths about the triumph of good over evil, and in the case of Episode VI: Return of the Jedi, redemption. However, Episode VI also contained some implied pro-[[Vietcong]] propaganda at George Lucas' behest via the Ewoks, and the rerelease for ''Episode IV: A New Hope'' also had an infamous edit where it made it seem as though Greedo shot at Han first, with George Lucas later revealing he did the edit (or rather, falsely claimed it was always that way) as a means to promote gun control. The prequel trilogy also had some implied pot-shots at then-president George W. Bush and his War on Terror, and there was also an implied promotion of moral relativity in Revenge of the Sith (where Obi-Wan, when confronting Anakin Skywalker/Darth Vader in the climax, stated in reply to Anakin's declaration that Obi-Wan is his enemy if he's not with him that "only a Sith deals in absolutes.").
|$460,998,007
|}

== Debatable Whether Great ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Film
!Year
!Rating
!Comments
!Gross (Domestic)
|-

|Unknown
|-
|''Bugs Bunny's Space Jam''
|1996
|PG
|Michael Jordan uses the help of beloved children's characters from the 1950s (a simpler time in America's history) to beat back foreign invaders who wish to take away our freedoms.
|$ 90,443,603
|-
|''[[One Good Cop]]''
|1991
|R
|Titular [[New York City]] police detective (Michael Keaton) and his wife (Rene Russo) inherit a family-three small girls-when the detective's partner (Anthony Lapaglia) dies on duty. Has positive portrayals of law enforcers and clergy (one priest turns in money that was stolen from a drug dealer by the cop and left as a donation to his church and the girls talk about "going to Jesus"). Typical violent skirmishes mixed with tender sentimental ones, but also admissions of past adultery by the ill-fated partner, smoking, drinking, much profanity and, of course, illegal drugs.
|$ 11,276,846
|-
|''Jack and Jill''
|2011
|PG
|Adam Sandler stars as both Jack and Jill in this family comedy that is pro-capitalism and pro-family values
|$ 149,673,788
|-
|''[[An American Carol]]''
|2008
|PG-13
|[[David Zucker]]'s [[conservative]] comedy starring Kevin Farley, Kelsey Grammer, Jon Voight, Dennis Hopper, Trace Adkins and Leslie Nielsen.
|$7,013,191
|-
|}

== References ==
<references/>

== See also ==
*[[Essay:Worst Liberal Movies]]
*[[Essay:20 Greatest Conservative Movies of the Last 20 Years]]
*[[Essay:Greatest Conservative Songs]]
*[[Essay:Greatest Conservative TV Shows]]

{{Conservatism}}

[[Category:Essays about Conservatism]]
[[Category:Hollywood]]
[[Category:Greatest Conservative Movies]]
[[Category:Movies]]

Conservative Party (UK)

2015-09-20T04:00:34Z

Bauhaus:

[[Image:Conservatives.png|right|thumb|300px|The Conservative Party logo]]
The '''Conservative Party''' is the largest right of center party in the [[United Kingdom]], and is one of that country's three major political parties. Its full official name is the ''Conservative and Unionist Party'', and it is commonly referred to as the ''Tory Party'' after its historical predecessor. Its current leader as of 2012 is [[David Cameron]]. Aside from moderate fiscal conservatism, there is little actually conservative about the modern party which is, along with all the main political parties in the UK, [[pro-abortion]], pro-same sex marriage and pro-[[gun control]].

==British conservatism==
British conservatism has its own distinctive tradition, separate both from that of continental European conservatism and from that of American conservatism. Traditional British conservatism is rooted in pragmatism, practicality and concrete experience: this reflects a broader historical preference in British culture for the practical over the theoretical and for the concrete over the abstract. In continental Europe, many conservatives in past times, such as the Frenchman [[Joseph de Maistre]], were strongly ideological and defended causes such as absolute monarchy and Roman Catholicism. By contrast, the heroes of British conservatism (such as Sir [[Edmund Burke]] in the eighteenth century, Sir [[Robert Peel]] and [[Benjamin Disraeli]] in the nineteenth, and Sir [[Winston Churchill]] in the twentieth) were moderate, pragmatic and non-ideological. While a more ideological strand of conservatism was in the ascendant during the leadership of [[Margaret Thatcher|Lady Thatcher]] (1975-1990), the older, pragmatic trend has reasserted itself in more recent years.

==The Conservative Party in recent years==
The modern British Conservative Party ran the United Kingdom for nearly 20 years, beginning with Margaret Thatcher's victory for the Party in 1979. She came into office facing a British economy that had been crippled by industrial disputes, strikes, high unemployment, and collapsing public services, especially during the so-called 'Winter of Discontent' of 1978-9. Mrs. Thatcher turned that around, broke the iron grip of the trade unions, and restored the British economy to a free enterprise system that has continued to this day. She was succeeded by John Major in 1990, and, to the surprise of the media, Major won the general election in 1992 and extended the Conservative Party's power until 1997.

By 1997 the Labour Party had finally embraced the more conservative direction for the country and abandoned many of its socialist economic policies of the past. Economic difficulties, including a dispute over whether the UK should join the currency of the European Union, hurt the Conservative Party further. This was coupled with a perception that the party had become corrupt, with a number of high-profile members of the party being involved in financial and sexual scandals. The Labour Party won in a landslide in 1997 and held power until 2010.

Major was soon after replaced by [[William Hague]], whose election as party leader was seen as an affirmation that the party wanted to continue with its [[Thatcherite]] policies. Hague was the victim of smears and attacks by a media which became Labour-biased to an extent never before seen in British history, and any attempt he made to state his policies or attack the government was routinely ignored (the UK has media regulations similar to the [[Fairness Doctrine]], but does not regulate what the media are supposed to report, only how much time they allocate to each party). The 2001 election went little better than the previous for the Conservatives, for which Hague accepted responsibility and stepped down as leader. [[Iain Duncan Smith]] replaced Hague, seemingly getting elected for no reason other than the fact that he was endorsed by Thatcher, and made no real impact as party leader. After passing up chances to attack the government for their role in [[Operation Iraqi Freedom]] (which had far less support in the UK than it did in the US), the party decided that enough was enough and Duncan Smith was removed as leader in late 2003. [[Michael Howard]] was seen by many as the only possible man to take the Conservatives forward, and was elected as the new party leader without opposition. A far more adept period of leadership saw a recovery at the 2005 election, halving Labour's majority in the House of Commons. A few weeks later, Howard announced that while the recovery of the Conservative Party had begun, he had done all he could as party leader, and so would step down once a successor had been elected.

==The modern Party==
[[File:Poster.jpg|thumbnail|A poster made by one of Conservapedia users]]

Since the early 2000s, the Conservative Party leaders have softened its conservative stance on social and fiscal issues, and this has increased its popularity with the voters. Particularly since David Cameron - a self-declared "liberal conservative" (which in British English means "moderate conservative") - became leader of the Conservative Party, their support in the country has risen dramatically, however this is also due to the media-perpetuated anti-war feeling within the United Kingdom following [[Tony Blair]]'s era, coupled with the unpopularity of [[Gordon Brown]]'s government<ref>http://politics.guardian.co.uk/speeches/story/0,,1869970,00.html</ref> and recent polls. <ref>http://www.icmresearch.co.uk/reviews/2007/Guardian%20-%20Jan/guardian-jan-2007.asp</ref> <ref> http://politics.guardian.co.uk/labour/story/0,,2016791,00.html </ref>

Cameron can be seen as a more moderate conservative than many previous leaders. His party policies have gravitated towards a more "green" outlook as the concern about [[global warming]] has grown within the UK. He has also praised Britain's socialized healthcare system, the [[National Health Service|NHS]]; but has also considered privatisation of sections of the service in an attempt to decrease the deficit at which it currently operates. The party has also continued to support some traditional elements of Conservative policy, such as support for the family.

Since forming the Coalition Government in 2010, Cameron's popularity has been rapidly declining, as indicated by various opinion polls conducted by the media. Current polls suggest the conservatives would be beaten with the Labour party while the Liberal Democrats have slumped in popularity.

David Cameron has established his own website. [http://www.webcameron.org.uk/]

==See also==

* [[British politics]]
* [[British conservatives]]
* [[David Cameron]]
* [[Margaret Thatcher]]
* [[Conservative Party of New York State|Conservative Party of New York State (CPNYS)]]
* [[American Conservative Party|American Conservative Party (ACP)]]

==External Links==

* [http://www.conservatives.com/ Conservative Party Official Website]
* [http://www.conservatives.com/Policy/Manifesto.aspx Conservative Party Manefesto for the 2010 General Election]
* [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/david-miliband-would-beat-cameron--unlike-ed-6292887.html]

==References==

<references/>

[[category:British Political Parties]]
[[Category:British History]]

Margaret Thatcher

2015-09-20T03:56:04Z

Bauhaus:

{{Prime Minister
|image=Margaret_Thatcher.jpg
|seq=71
|term_start=May 4, 1979
|term_end=November 28, 1990
|party=Conservative Party
|previous=James Callaghan
|next=John Major
|birth_date=October 13, 1925
|birth_place=Grantham
|death_date=April 8, 2013
|death_place=London
|spouse=[[Denis Thatcher|Sir Denis Thatcher, Bt]]
|religion=[[Methodist]]
}}

'''Margaret Hilda Thatcher (née Roberts)''', Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven, LG, OM, PC (born October 13, 1925. died April 8, 2013), was [[Prime Minister]] of the [[United Kingdom]] from 1979 to 1990, the first, and currently, only woman to hold the position. Her leadership permanently moved Britain to the right and reshaped the nation's political environment to stress economic growth and international competitiveness. The [[Labour Party]] in response under [[Tony Blair]] jettisoned their old leftist ideas and followed Thatcher-lite programs. Despite being in power for 13 years from 1997 to 2010 Labour did not remove any of Thatcher's anti-union legislation and has refused to even consider doing so.

Thatcher was chosen to be the leader of the Conservative Party in February 1975, succeeding former Prime Minister [[Edward Heath]]. She was opposed to [[socialism]] and excessive union power which had brought down the previous Conservative government in 1974. She led the Conservatives to victory in the May 1979 [[General Election]] and thus became Prime Minister.
{{cquote|'''The economic success of the Western world is a product of its moral philosophy and practice. ''The economic results are better because the moral philosophy is superior.'' Choice is the essence of ethics: if there were no choice, there would be no ethics, no good, no evil; good and evil have meaning only insofar as man is free to choose.''' <ref>[http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/103336 1977 speech by Margaret Thatcher; Zurich Economic Society]</ref>}}

Thatcher sold many of the UK's nationalized industries back to private investors and made tax cuts. She broke the power of the trade unions which stood in the way of industrial progress, especially in the mining, print and shipbuilding industries and the public sector. Due to her strong standards and her leadership style, she became known as the "[[Iron Lady]]," a term originally coined as an insult in the [[Soviet Union|Soviet Army]] newspaper ''Krasnaya Zvezda'' (Red Star,) but one she adopted enthusiastically. A famous statement of hers was "You turn if you want to, but the lady's not for turning", in reference to calls from within her own party to back down (in the political terminology of the time, "U-turn") on issues that were important to her. Thatcher was always a strong supporter of close relations with the [[United States]] and was a good friend of President [[Ronald Reagan]], uniting with him in actions against the Communists.

She led Britain to victory against [[Argentina]] in a 1982 war over Argentinian aggression against the [[Falkland Islands]]. The United States was allied with both countries, and initially tried to broker a negotiated settlement. When Thatcher rejected the proposed compromise, the U.S. supported Britain with intelligence information and the supply of advanced AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles. The conflict led to a strong friendship with the Chilean leader [[Augusto Pinochet]] after Chile helped Britain in the conflict. In 1986, she banned the promotion of homosexuality in schools in a piece of legislation known as [[Section 28]].

Thatcher led the Conservative Party to victory in three general elections (1979, 1983 and 1987). By 1990, her popularity was waning and there were calls from within her own party for her to step aside. She was challenged for the party leadership and just failed to gain the necessary majority in the first election despite getting more votes than her rival [[Michael Heseltine]]. After being convinced by colleagues that she would narrowly fail to gain the necessary votes she decided not to stand for a second ballot and resigned as party leader on 22 November 1990. [[John Major]] won the party leadership vote, and was subsequently appointed to succeed Thatcher as Prime Minister. Heseltine's reputation was destroyed by his actions and his career in the Conservative Party slowly declined, although he remained in the British government and was Deputy Prime Minister between 1995 and 1997..

''Thatcher was the longest serving British Prime Minister in more than 150 years and, alongside [[Winston Churchill]], is considered to be one of the two most important British political leaders of the twentieth century.''

She fundamentally moved the British economy from factories and mines to services and finance; although manufacturing output grew considerably under her leadership there was an even greater increase in the banking sector. [[Time|Time Magazine]] wrote of Lady Thatcher:
{{cquote|'''She was the catalyst who set in motion a series of interconnected events that gave a revolutionary twist to the century's last two decades and helped mankind end the millennium on a note of hope and confidence. The triumph of capitalism, the almost universal acceptance of the market as indispensable to prosperity, the collapse of Soviet imperialism, the downsizing of the state on nearly every continent and in almost every country in the world — Margaret Thatcher played a part in all those transformations, and it is not easy to see how any would have occurred without her. ''Champion of free minds and markets, she helped topple the welfare state and make the world safer for capitalism and mankind.''''' <ref>[http://www.time.com/time/time100/leaders/profile/thatcher.html Time Magazine; Time 100 citation]</ref>}} 

==Career prior to 1979==
The predominant influence in Lady Thatcher's early life was her father, [[Alfred Roberts]]. Roberts was a grocer by occupation who was active in local politics. She attended Somerville College, [[Oxford University|Oxford]], where she read chemistry and became chairman of the university Conservative association. After graduating, she worked for a time as a research chemist before qualifying as a barrister and practicing as a tax lawyer, an indication of her interest in financial matters. In this time period, it was uncommon in Britain for a woman from a background to go to an upper-class university and then to pursue a career in the elitist male world of the Bar.

Lady Thatcher married Denis Thatcher, a successful businessman whom she met at a Conservative Party meeting; a quiet man, he kept out of the spotlight. They had two children, twins Mark Thatcher and Carol Thatcher.

Under the weak and troubled Conservative premiership of [[Edward Heath]] (1970-1974), Thatcher served as Secretary of State for Education during which time her most noted achievement was the withdrawal of a daily milk ration to primary age schoolchildren earning her the nickname Milk-Snatcher. After the Conservatives were defeated in the elections of February and October 1974, Thatcher challenged the more liberal Heath for the leadership of the party. When she went into Heath's office to tell him her decision, he did not even bother to look up. "You'll lose," he said. "Good day to you." [http://www.time.com/time/time100/leaders/profile/thatcher.html]

[[Image:503px-Thatcher-loc.jpg|right|thumb|Margaret Thatcher as Leader of the Opposition in 1975.]]
Though at the time she was a relatively untested figure (and many in the party were wary of choosing a woman leader), she defeated both Heath and other male rivals in the contest in February 1975. Heath subsequently became a prominent personal and political adversary of Thatcher, drawing accusations of bitterness.

In the 1970s, Thatcher's strongly conservative, pro-capitalist stance resonated with a new mood among the British electorate, many of whom had become dissatisfied with the post-[[World War II]] statist consensus (the "post-war consensus", sometimes also called "Butskellism" after the centrist Conservative politician [[Rab Butler]] and the moderate Labour politician [[Hugh Gaitskell]]). Thatcher and the Conservatives offered a clear alternative vision for an increasingly aspirational society. The Conservative politician Sir [[Keith Joseph]] was the primary intellectual force behind these theories that later became known as ''Thatcherism''. They were strongly influenced by the pro-market intellectuals [[Friedrich von Hayek]] and [[Milton Friedman]].

===Attitude to Abortion===
Thatcher, throughout her parliamentary career, voted in favor of [[Abortion Act of 1967|liberal abortion laws]].[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1988thatcher.html]

==1979 election==
The Labour party under [[James Callaghan]] (prime minister 1976-79) contested the May 1979 election as unemployment passed the one-million mark and unions became more aggressive. The Conservatives used a highly effective poster created by Saatchi and Saatchi, showing a dole queue snaking into the distance and it carried the caption "Labour isn't working".

Voters gave Conservatives 43.9% of the vote and 339 seats to Labour's 269, for an overall majority of 43 seats. People generally voted against Labour rather than for the Conservatives. Labour was weakened by the steady long-term decline in the proportion of manual workers in the electorate. Twice as many manual workers normally voted Labour as voted Conservative, but they now constituted only 56% of the electorate. When [[Harold Wilson]] won narrowly for Labour in 1964, they had accounted for 63%. Furthermore they were beginning to turn against the trade unions—alienated, perhaps, by the difficulties of the winter of 1978-9. In contrast, Tory policies stressing wider home ownership, which Labour refused to match. Thatcher did best in districts where the economy was relatively strong and was weaker where it was contracting.

==Prime Ministership==
===Economic policy===
Thatcher's chief goals in power were to reverse Britain's economic decline and to reduce the range of the state as well as standing taller on the international stage. She found a soul-mate in Ronald Reagan, elected in 1980 but whom she had met in 1975. Thatcher started by increasing interest rates to drive down inflation which hit the manufacturing sector and caused unemployment to rise sharply and there was a deep recession in the early 1980s blamed on her Government's economic policy. This led to her famous quote: 'the lady is not for turning', and she refused a policy reversal and, despite an open letter from 364 "economists", taxes were increased in the middle of a recession. Although unemployment did not reach 3 million till 1982, a year earlier British cities burned as thousands took to the streets to demonstrate their frustration. Inflation was going down though, allowing interest rates to fall, proving those "economists" wrong.

===Falkland Islands===
As the economy started to recover Argentina invaded the Falklands, the first (and unprovoked) invasion of sovereign British territory by a foreign government since the Second World War. This invasion was preceded, and possibly encouraged, by her withdrawal of the Royal Navy's antarctic patrol ship ''HMS Endurance'' from the South Atlantic. Thatcher immediately declared her resolve to recapture the islands in line with the wishes of their inhabitants, and dispatched a naval task force to that end. With help from President [[Augusto Pinochet|Pinochet]] of [[Chile]] and, more covertly, [[Ronald Reagan]], the British forces swiftly recaptured the islands. The resulting wave of patriotic enthusiasm as well as her right to buy policy for council homes, and a uselessly divided opposition, meant she got a landslide victory in the June 1983 general election.

===Unions===
The central theme of Thatcher's second term was reducing the power of the trade unions with a series of measures that a number of unions reacted to with industrial action. In particular action was initiated by the National Union of Mineworkers led by Arthur Scargill, who openly declared the intention of bringing down the elected government. The Tories had prepared for the strike by building up coal reserves and deploying police units fitted out with new riot gear brought in after the disturbances of 1981. The miners responded with violence and very ugly scenes developed on picket lines that split the country. Scargill's failure to hold a ballot for the strike undermined public support and the striker's chant of 'vote with your feet' calling miners to join the strike was turned on them as more and more returned to work over the year of the strike.

===IRA===
In the middle of the strike, on October 12 1984, the Provisional IRA (Irish Republican Army; a terror group that seeks Irish Reunification) detonated a bomb during the Conservative Party conference in Brighton. Thatcher escaped injury but five people died in the attack and Margaret Tebbit was left paralyzed; the conference went on as normal. Thatcher delivered a speech less than four hours after the explosion.

===Privatization===
Thatcher's political and economic philosophy emphasized free markets and since gaining power she had experimented in selling off nationalized industries starting with the National Freight company, most of the large utilities followed.

Privatization was perhaps the most enduring legacy of the political economy developed under Thatcher. She privatized long-nationalized corporations (such as the telephone and aerospace firms) and, most important, sold public housing to tenants, all on favorable terms. Theis turned Labour-minded tenants into Conservative-minded property owners and mortgage payers. The policy developed an important electoral dimension during the second Thatcher government (1983-90). It involved more than denationalization: wider share ownership was the second plank of the policy, and this provides an important historical perspective on the relationship between Thatcherism and 20th-century conservatism.<ref> Richard Stevens, "The Evolution of Privatisation as an Electoral Policy, c. 1970-90." ''Contemporary British History'' 2004 18(2): 47-75. Issn: 1361-9462 Fulltext: [[Ebsco]]</ref>

===Foreign policy===
Thatcher supported Reagan's [[Cold War]] policies of [[rollback]] of Communism. She supported the stationing of nuclear missiles in Europe and at British bases, ignoring the last-gasp protests by the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. She supported the American bombing raid on [[Libya]] from bases in Britain in 1986 and, by refusing to side with a European consortium, in backing the American-based Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation over a British company Westland. [[Michael Heseltine]] resigned in protest at her style of leadership over this.

In 1984 she visited [[China]] and signed the Sino-British Joint Declaration with [[Deng Xiaoping]] that agreed the handover of [[Hong Kong]] in 1997. At the Fontainebleau summit in 1984 Thatcher argued that the UK paid far more to the EEC than it received in spending and negotiated a budget rebate using the argument that ‘We want our money back’. In 1985, the University of Oxford voted to refuse her an honorary degree in protest against her cuts in funding for education.

===Reelected 1987===
In 1987, Thatcher became the first British Prime Minister to win three consecutive general elections since [[Lord Liverpool]] (1812-1827).

===Environment===
In the late 1980's Thatcher began to be concerned by environmental policy and in 1988 she made a major speech accepting the problems of global warming, ozone depletion and acid rain. <ref>[http://www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=107346 Speech to the Royal Society, 9/27/1988]</ref>

However in her Autobiography, she has told her readers that she regretted what she said in the 1980s and that she thought: "Global Warming provides a marvellous excuse for global socialism" showing her change from a liberal attitude towards Global Warming to a Conservative one.

===Europe===
At Bruges, she made a speech in which she outlined her opposition to proposals from the European Communities for a federal structure and increasing centralization of decision-making believing that the role of the EC should be limited to ensuring free trade and effective competition. She was specifically against Economic and Monetary Union, through which a single currency would replace national currencies, and for which the EC was making preparations. In 1989 the economy high interest rates were imposed to stop an unsustainable boom. At the Madrid European summit, Nigel Lawson and Geoffrey Howe forced Thatcher to agree the circumstances in which she would join the Exchange Rate Mechanism, a preparation for monetary union. She took revenge on both by demoting Howe and listening more to her adviser Sir Alan Walters on economic matters. Lawson resigned that October and in November, a so-called ‘stalking horse candidate Sir Anthony Meyer challenged Thatcher for the leadership of the Conservative Party. In 1989 a new system of local government finance to replace the rates was introduced for Scotland in 1989 and for England and Wales in 1990. Called the 'Community Charge' but known as the Poll Tax was applied at the same amount to every individual resident with only limited discounts. Widespread opposition culminated in a huge [http://newsfilm.bufvc.ac.uk/article.php?story=200510081953085 demonstration] in London on March 31 that turned into the largest outbreak of public disorder central London had seen in a century which was followed by millions of people refusing to pay the tax. This along with her government's handling of the economy, her perceived arrogance and a general feeling that she would never retire, made her politically vulnerable. Geoffrey Howe resigned on November 1 and condemned Thatcher's policy on the European Communities then openly invited 'others to consider their own response'. Michael Heseltine's response was a leadership challenge which resulted in a narrow failure, by two votes, for Thatcher to win automatic re-election. After consulting with cabinet colleagues she found a vast majority thought that she could not win on the second ballot. On November 22nd Thatcher announced that she would not be a candidate in the second ballot. She supported John Major as her successor, and retired from Parliament at the 1992 election.

==Thatcherism==
[[Thatcherism]] refers to Thatcher's economic policies while prime minister 1979 and 1990.
It consisted of
*[[free market]] [[Supply-side economics|supply-side economics]]
*[[tax]] reduction
*artificial manipulation of the money supply to reduce [[inflation]]
*[[privatization]] of public industry
*reining in of [[labor union|trade union]] influence and power

==Life after being Prime Minister==
After leaving the House of Commons, Thatcher was dubbed '''Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven''' and entered the House of Lords. Denis Thatcher was given a Baronetcy, which ensured that their son, Mark, would inherit the title of "Sir Mark".

She publicly endorsed [[William Hague]] against Kenneth Clarke for the Conservative leadership in 1997. She made many speaking engagements around the world, including very vocal support of former General [[Augusto Pinochet]], whom the new Labour administration extradited to Spain on trumped-up charges of torturing political opponents. In March 2002 she suffered a mild stroke, and made few speeches. In 2004 she attended the funeral of her old friend and political soul-mate, Ronald Reagan. Baroness Thatcher was still seen at Tory party gatherings until nearly the end of her life, and continued endorsing party leaders, such as Iain Duncan Smith. In August 2008, it became known that she was suffering from [[dementia]] and had withdrawn from public life. <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7579352.stm Thatcher suffers from dementia]</ref>
[http://www.time.com/time/time100/leaders/profile/thatcher.html][http://www.fandmpublications.co.uk/pages/margaretbiography1.htm][http://www.pm.gov.uk/output/Page126.asp]

==Quick Facts==
[[Image:THATCH~1.JPG|right|thumb|250px]]
*Born: 13 October 1925 in [[Grantham]], [[Lincolnshire]]

*First entered Parliament: 8 October 1959

*Became leader of the [[Conservative]] Party in February 1975

*Elected as Prime Minister in May 1979

*Age she became PM: 53 years, 204 days

*Maiden Speech: 5 February 1960 during the second reading of her Private Member's Bill

*Total time as PM: 11 years, 209 days

*Nickname: "The Iron Lady"

*Education: Kesteven and Grantham Girls' School and Somerville College, Oxford

*Before Thatcher became an MP, she worked as a research chemist for British Xylonite and then Lyons & Company, where she helped develop methods for preserving ice cream.

*Family: Margaret Thatcher is the younger of two daughters. She often gave her father as an example of an outstanding citizen. She married [[Sir Denis Thatcher]], and has one son and one daughter.

*Interests: Music, art, opera and reading.

[http://www.pm.gov.uk/output/Page126.asp][http://www.time.com/time/time100/leaders/profile/thatcher.html]

==Husband==
Denis Thatcher, ''as the first male PM spouse in history'', was always likely to be the center of media attention - and he didn't disappoint.

When she met him, Baroness Thatcher remarked that "it was clear to me at once that Denis was an exceptional man - he had a certain style and dash." Described as a man of integrity, humor and common sense, he had a strong business background and fought with the Royal Artillery during the war.

It was said that Denis was in 'the Thatcher party not the Tory party'. He once famously remarked, recalling the words of Mark Twain, that: "it's better to keep my mouth shut and be thought a fool rather than open it and remove all doubt."

When he died in 2003 his wife paid tribute to the man she loved by saying: "Being PM is a lonely job. In a sense, it ought to be - you cannot lead from a crowd. But with Denis there I was never alone. What a man. What a husband. What a friend."

[http://www.pm.gov.uk/output/Page126.asp][http://www.time.com/time/time100/leaders/profile/thatcher.html]

== Notable quotes==

*"You have to win the argument before you can win the election."

*"The lady is not for turning."

*"I have made it quite clear that a unified Ireland was one solution that is out. A second solution was a confederation of two states. That is out. A third solution was joint authority. That is out-that is a derogation of sovereignty."

*"I always cheer up immensely if an attack is particularly wounding because I think, well, if they attack one personally, it means they have not a single political argument left."

*"If you lead a country like Britain, a strong country, a country which has taken a lead in world affairs in good times and in bad, a country that is always reliable, then you have to have a touch of iron about you."

*"I do not know anyone who has got to the top without hard work. That is the recipe. It will not always get you to the top, but should get you pretty near."

*" There is no such thing as [[society]]. There is living tapestry of men and women and people and the beauty of that tapestry and the quality of our lives will depend upon how much each of us is prepared to take responsibility for ourselves and each of us prepared to turn round and help by our own efforts those who are unfortunate"<ref>[http://www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=106689 Interview in ''Woman's Own'']</ref>

*"What Britain needs is an iron lady."

*"Unless we change our ways and our direction, our greatness as a nation will soon be a footnote in the history books, a distant memory of an offshore island, lost in the mists of time like Camelot, remembered kindly for its noble past."

*"I just owe almost everything to my father [and] it's passionately interesting for me that the things that I learned in a small town, in a very modest home, are just the things that I believe have won the election."

*"Democratic nations must try to find ways to starve the terrorist and the hijacker of the oxygen of publicity on which they depend."<ref>[http://www.quoteworld.org/authors/margaret-thatcher/1/ Quotes by Margaret Thatcher]</ref>

*"It will be years before a woman either leads the Conservative Party or becomes Prime Minister. I don't see it happening in my time" (in 1970.) This quote was parodied in the 2006 TV series Life on Mars, when DCI Gene Hunt (speaking in 1973) stated "There'll never be a woman Prime Minister as long as I have a hole in my ar*e."

*“You may have to fight the battle more than once to win it.” <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=zac9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA283&dq=fight+the+battle+more+than+once+to+win+it.&ei=3hpnS82IAaSyNNvx1PwN&cd=2 The Routledge dictionary of quotations‎ - Page 283 by Robert Andrews]</ref>

*(Referring to her friend and adviser William Whitelaw) "Every Prime Minister needs a Willie."

*"I like Mr Gorbachev, we can do business together."

== See also ==
*[[Thatcherism]]
*[[Conservative Links]]

==External Links==
* [http://www.margaretthatcher.org/ Margaret Thatcher Foundation]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
[[File:Thatcher-pic.jpg|thumb|260px]]

===Biography===
* Blundell, John. ''Margaret Thatcher: A Portrait of the Iron Lady'' (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Margaret-Thatcher-Portrait-Iron-Lady/dp/087586631X/ref=sr_1_9?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256981278&sr=1-9 excerpt and text search]
* Campbell, John. ''Margaret Thatcher. Vol. 1: The Grocer's Daughter.'' (2000); ''Margaret Thatcher. vol. 2: Iron Lady'' (2007), 520pp; 913pp; long, detailed authoritative biography
* Clarke, Peter. "Margaret Thatcher's Place in History: Two Views," ''Journal of the History of Economic Thought'' 2002 24(3): 357-368 online at EBSCO
* Geelhoed, Bruce E. and Hobbs, James F. ''Margaret Thatcher's Last Hurrah: In Victory and Downfall, 1987 and 1990.'' (1992). 193 pp. [http://www.questia.com/read/15091359?title=Margaret%20Thatcher%3a%20In%20Victory%20and%20Downfall%2c%201987%20and%201990 online edition]; also [http://www.amazon.co.uk/Margaret-Thatcher-Victory-Downfall-1987/dp/0275941485/ref=sr_1_34?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1212823416&sr=8-34 excerpt and text search]
* King, Anthony. "The Outsider as Political Leader: the Case of Margaret Thatcher." ''British Journal of Political Science'' 2002 32(3): 435-454. Issn: 0007-1234 Fulltext: [[CUP]] and [[Jstor]]. Thatcher was a social outsider, psychological outsider and political outsider.
* Thompson, Juliet S., and Wayne C. Thompson. ''Margaret Thatcher: Prime Minister Indomitable'' (1994) [http://www.questia.com/read/85710688?title=Margaret%20Thatcher%3a%20Prime%20Minister%20Indomitable online edition]
* Young, Hugo. ''The Iron Lady: A Biography of Margaret Thatcher.'' (1989). 570 pp. well-written and well researched

===Political studies===
* Adonis, Andrew, and Tim Hames, eds. ''A Conservative Revolution: The Thatcher-Reagan Decade'' (1994), comparative perspective
* Backhouse, Roger E. "The Macroeconomics of Margaret Thatcher," ''Journal of the History of Economic Thought'' 2002 24(3): 313-334 online at EBSCO
* Dellheim, Charles. ''The Disenchanted Isle: Mrs. Thatcher's Capitalist Revolution.'' (1995) 352 pp.
* Evans, Brendan. ''Thatcherism and British Politics, 1975-1997'' (2000)
* Evans, Eric J. ''Thatcher and Thatcherism.'' (2nd ed. 2004). 176 pp [http://www.questia.com/read/107494201?title=Thatcher%20and%20Thatcherism online edition]
* Fry, Geoffrey K. ''Politics of the Thatcher Revolution: An Interpretation of British Politics 1975 - 1990'' (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Politics-Thatcher-Revolution-Interpretation-British/dp/0333751965/ref=sr_1_11?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256981278&sr=1-11 excerpt and text search]
* Haseler, Stephen. ''The Battle for Britain: Thatcher and the New Liberals.'' (1990). 195 pp.
* Holmes, Martin. ''The First Thatcher Government, 1979-83: Contemporary Conservatism and Economic Change'' (1985); ''Thatcherism: Scope and Limits, 1983-87.'' (1989). 174 pp. a sympathetic assessment.
* Jenkins, Peter. ''Mrs. Thatcher's Revolution: The Ending of the Socialist Era.'' (1988). 417 pp. critical
* Johnson, Christopher. ''The Grand Experiment: Mrs. Thatcher's Economy and How It Spread.'' (1993). 341 pp.
* Kavanagh, Dennis. ''Thatcherism and British Politics: The End of Consensus?'' (1987). 334 pp.
* Kavanagh, Dennis, and Anthony Seldon, eds. ''The Thatcher Effect'' (1989), major interpretive essays by experts
* Krieger, Joel. ''Reagan, Thatcher, and the Politics of Decline.'' (1987). 247 pp.
* Moon, Jeremy. ''Innovative Leadership in Democracy: Policy Change under Thatcher.'' (1993). 157 pp.
* Morgan, K.O. ''The People's Peace: British History, 1945-90'' (1990) survey by leading scholar
* Pugliese, Stanislao, ed. ''The Political Legacy of Margaret Thatcher.'' (2003). 419 pp.
* Reitan, Earl A. ''The Thatcher Revolution: Margaret Thatcher, John Major, and Tony Blair, and the Transformation of Modern Britain, 1979-2001.'' (2003). 260 pp.
* Reitan, Earl A. ''Tory Radicalism: Margaret Thatcher, John Major, and the Transformation of Modern Britain, 1979-1997.'' (1997). 222 pp.
* Riddell, Peter. ''The Thatcher Decade: How Britain Has Changed during the 1980's.'' (1989). 236 pp.
* Roy, Subroto and Clarke, John, eds. ''Margaret Thatcher's Revolution: How It Happened and What It Meant.'' (2005). 209 pp.
* Savage, S.P., and L. Robbins, eds. ''Public Policy under Thatcher'' (1990), essays by experts
* Sharp, Paul. ''Thatcher's Diplomacy: The Revival of British Foreign Policy.'' (1997). 269 pp.
* Smith, Geoffrey. ''Reagan and Thatcher.'' (1991). 285 pp.
* Waine, Barbara. ''The Rhetoric of Independence: The Ideology and Practice of Social Policy in Thatcher's Britain.'' (1992). 172 pp.
* Wall, Stephen. ''A Stranger in Europe: Britain and the EU from Thatcher to Blair'' (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Stranger-Europe-Britain-Thatcher-Blair/dp/0199284555/ref=sr_1_26?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1212823185&sr=1-26 excerpt and text search]
* Walters, A. A. ''Britain's Economic Renaissance: Margaret Thatcher's Reforms, 1979-1984.'' (1986). 200 pp.
* Wapshott, Nicholas. ''Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher: A Political Marriage.'' (2007) 329 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/Ronald-Reagan-Margaret-Thatcher-Political/dp/159523053X/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256981278&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]
* Whipple, Amy C. "'Ordinary People': The Cultural Origins of Popular Thatcherism in Britain, 1964-1979." PhD dissertation Northwestern U. 2004. 253 pp. DAI 2004 65(5): 1926-A. DA3132626 Fulltext: [[ProQuest Dissertations & Theses]]
* [http://www.amazon.com/Margaret-Thatcher-Bibliography-Bibliographies-Statesmen/dp/book-citations/0313282889/ref=sid_dp_av?ie=UTF8&citeType=citing#citing additional books]

===Primary sources===
* Clark, Alan. ''Mrs. Thatcher's Minister: The Private Diaries of Alan Clark.'' (1994). 421 pp.
* Thatcher, Margaret. ''The Path to Power (1995); ''The Downing Street Years.'' (1993). 914 pp., highly detailed memoirs

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thatcher, Margaret}}
[[Category:Abortion Advocates]]
[[Category:British History]]
[[Category:British Politics]]
[[Category:Cold War]]
[[Category:Conservatives]]
[[Category:English People]]
[[Category:United Kingdom Prime Ministers]]
[[Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom award winners]]

Hong Kong

2015-09-18T02:37:40Z

Bauhaus:

{{Country
|name =香港 ''Xiānggǎng Hong Kong''
|map =Hong kong pol98.jpg
|flag =674uygjh.png
|arms =Hong Kong Emblem.png
|capital =
|capital-raw =
|government =Special Administrative Region
|government-raw =
|language = Cantonese, English
|king =
|queen =
|monarch-raw =
|president =
|president-raw =
|chancellor =
|chancellor-raw =
|pm =
|pm-raw =
|area =426.4 sq. miles
|pop =6.92 million
|pop-basis =2007
|gdp =$188.8 billion
|gdp-year =2006
|gdp-pc =$27,600
|currency =Hong Kong dollar
|idd =
|tld =
}}

'''Hong Kong''' ([[Traditional Chinese]] and [[Simplified Chinese]]: 香港; [[Hanyu Pinyin]]: Xiānggǎng; [[Jyutping]]: Hoeng1 Gong2) is a [[Special Administrative Region]] of [[China]], situated at the mouth of the [[Pearl River]] in southern China, opposite the former Portuguese possession of [[Macau]]. It consists of Hong Kong, Lamma, Lantau and various smaller islands, and [[Kowloon]] and the [[New Territories]] on the Chinese mainland. The name Hong Kong means ''fragrant harbour''.

From the 1840s to 1997, it was a British colony and the main business base for the [[British Empire]] in East Asia. It is now part of Communist China, with a somewhat separate status. There is a free press but no democracy and no real elections; all major government decisions are made by the government of China.

The population of Hong Kong is about 7 million people. The largest urban areas are Kowloon (With a population about 2 million), Central, Tsuen Wan and Sha Tin. Property prices in Hong Kong's Central District are the second most expensive in the world, after those of central [[Tokyo]].

==People==
[[File:New Year Fair 2009 Hong Kong.jpg|right|210px]]
Hong Kong's population has increased steadily over the past decade, reaching about 6.92 million in 2007. Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world, with an overall density of some 6,250 people per square kilometer. Cantonese, the official Chinese language in Hong Kong, is spoken by most of the population. English, also an official language, is widely understood, being spoken by more than one-third of the population. Every major religion is practiced freely in Hong Kong. All children are required by law to be in full-time education between the ages of 6 and 15. Preschool education for most children begins at age 3. Primary school begins normally at the age of 6 and lasts for 6 years. At about age 12, children progress to a 3-year course of junior secondary education. Most stay on for a 2-year senior secondary course, while others join full-time vocational training. More than 90% of children complete upper secondary education or equivalent vocational education.
*Population (mid-2007): 6.92 million.
*Population growth rate (2006): 0.6%.
*Ethnic groups: Chinese 95%; other 5%.
*Religions: About 43% participate in some form of religious practice. Christian, about 9.6%.
*Languages: Cantonese (a dialect of Chinese) and English are official.
*Education: Literacy--97.1% (98.7% male, 95.4% female).
*Health (2006): Infant mortality rate--1.8/1,000. Life expectancy--82.6 yrs. (overall); 79.5 yrs. males, 85.6 yrs. females.
*Work force (2007): 3.65 million. Wholesale, retail, and import/export trades and restaurants and hotels--28.8%; finance, insurance, real estate, and business services--13.8%; manufacturing--4.3%.

====The arts====
Hong Kong has the world's third largest film industry after [[Bollywood]] and [[Hollywood]]. Most films are produced in the [[Cantonese]] language, although a few Hong Kong stars, such as [[Jackie Chan]] are known internationally.

==Government and Political Conditions==

The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) is headed by Chief Executive Donald Tsang, who first took office in 2005 and whose current term ends in 2012. The Election Committee that votes on the Chief Executive (CE) is made up of approximately 800 Hong Kong residents from four constituency groups: commercial, industrial, and financial interests; professionals; labor, social services, and religious interests; and the legislature, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and the P.R.C. National People's Congress.
[[File:Government House Hong Kong.jpg|thumb|left|360px|Government House.]]
In December 2006, pro-democracy Civic Party legislator Alan Leong garnered 134 nominations from the Election Committee, enabling Leong to challenge incumbent CE Tsang's bid for a new five-year term in 2007. Tsang, with solid support from the pro-government and pro-business sectors, won the March 25, 2007 Election Committee vote with 649 of the 795 votes. Leong garnered 123 votes.

In July 2002, the Hong Kong Government implemented the Principal Officials Accountability System, which was designed to make the government more responsive to public concerns. Twelve political appointees, directly responsible to the Chief Executive, run the 12 policy bureaus. Three other senior civil service positions--the Chief Secretary, Financial Secretary, and Justice Secretary--are also filled by political appointments.

While Hong Kong remains a free and open society where human rights are respected, courts are independent, and there is well-established respect for the rule of law, residents are limited in their ability to change their government, and the legislature is limited in its power to affect government policies. The September 12, 2004 Legislative Council (Legco) elections were seen as generally free, open, and widely contested, although Hong Kong groups have alleged voter intimidation, manipulation, or pressure in connection with them.

In December 2005 the Legco rejected a Hong Kong Government-proposed package of incremental reforms to the mechanisms for choosing the CE in 2007 and forming the Legco in 2008. In July 2007, the Hong Kong Government's Commission on Strategic Development issued a Green Paper on Constitutional Development, which set out a myriad of options to reform the CE and Legco electoral mechanisms, with the "ultimate aim" of universal suffrage as prescribed by the Basic Law.

On December 12, 2007, Chief Executive Donald Tsang submitted a report on the Green Paper to the central government. The report said more than half of local people wanted universal suffrage by 2012, but 2017 might be a more realistic date. In December 2007, the P.R.C. National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) issued a decision on Hong Kong's constitutional development which, while ruling out universal suffrage in 2012, appears to open the way for Hong Kong to achieve full universal suffrage for the CE in 2017, and full universal suffrage for Legco sometime thereafter. Any amendments to the Basic Law will require approval by the CE, at least two-thirds of Legco, and then the NPCSC.

===Principal Government Officials===
*Chief Executive--Donald Tsang
*Chief Secretary for Administration--Henry Tang
*Financial Secretary--John Tsang
*Secretary for Justice--Wong Yan Lung, SC
*Secretary for Education--Michael Suen
*Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development--Frederick Ma
*Secretary for Constitutional and Mainland Affairs--Stephen Lam
*Secretary for Security--Ambrose Lee
*Secretary for Food and Health--York Chow
*Secretary for the Civil Service--Denise Yue
*Secretary for Home Affairs--Tsang Tak-sing
*Secretary for Labour and Welfare--Matthew Cheung
*Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury--K C Chan
*Secretary for Development--Carrie Lam
*Secretary for the Environment--Edward Yau
*Secretary for Transport and Housing--Eva Cheng

===Foreign Relations===
Hong Kong's foreign relations and defense are the responsibility of China. Hong Kong is an independent customs territory and economic entity separate from the rest of China and is able to enter into international agreements on its own behalf in commercial and economic matters. Hong Kong, independently of China, participates as a full member of numerous international economic organizations including the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC), and the Financial Action Task Force (FATF).
[[Image:Hongkong.jpg|center|thumb|950px|The Hong Kong skyline.]]

==Economy==
[[File:Hong Kong Trade Development.JPG|thumb|240px|left|Trade Development Council.]]
Hong Kong is one of the world's most open and dynamic economies. Hong Kong per capita GDP is comparable to other developed countries. Real GDP expanded by 6.8% in 2006 year-on-year, driven by thriving exports, vibrant inbound tourism and strong consumer spending. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused the Hong Kong economy to shrink during the first half of 2003, and property prices had fallen 66% from their late 1997 peak, but have since rebounded by about 84% from that lower base. The unemployment rate declined to 3.6% in September-November 2007, the lowest level since mid-1998. The surplus for fiscal year 2007-08 was $7.5 billion or 4.0% of GDP, attributed to the robust economy, increased corporate profits and salaries, the buoyant stock market, and a stable property market.

Hong Kong enjoys a number of economic strengths, including accumulated public and private wealth from decades of unprecedented growth, a sound banking system, virtually no public debt, a strong legal system, and an able and rigorously enforced anti-corruption regime. The need for economic restructuring poses difficult challenges and choices for the government. Hong Kong is endeavoring to improve its attractiveness as a commercial and trading center, especially after China's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO), and continues to refine its financial architecture. The government is deepening its economic interaction with the Pearl River Delta in an effort to maintain Hong Kong's position as a gateway to China. These efforts include the conclusion of a free trade agreement with China, the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA), which applies zero tariffs to all Hong Kong-origin goods and preferential treatment in 27 service sectors. Hong Kong, along with the Macau SAR, is also participating in a new pan-Pearl River Delta trade block with nine Chinese provinces, which aims to lower trade barriers among members, standardize regulations, and improve infrastructure. U.S. companies have a generally favorable view of Hong Kong's business environment, including its legal system and the free flow of information, low taxation, and infrastructure. The American Chamber of Commerce's annual business confidence survey, released in December 2007, showed 99% of respondents had a "good" or "satisfactory" outlook for 2008. Survey results indicated a positive economic outlook through 2010.

On the international front, Hong Kong is a separate and active member of the WTO and the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, where it is an articulate and effective champion of free markets and the reduction of trade barriers. Hong Kong residents across the political spectrum supported China's accession to the WTO, believing this would open new opportunities on the mainland for local firms and stabilize relations between Hong Kong's two most important trade and investment partners, the United States and China.
*GDP (2006): $188.8 billion.
*GDP real growth rate (2006): 6.8%.
*Per capita GDP (2006): $27,600.
*Natural resources: Outstanding deepwater harbor.
*Industry: Types--textiles, clothing, electronics, plastics, toys, watches, clocks.
*Trade: Exports--$315.5 billion: clothing, electronics, textiles, watches and clocks, office machinery. Imports--$333.3 billion: consumer goods, raw materials and semi-manufactures, capital goods, foodstuffs, fuels.

==History==
[[Image:Old Flag of Hong Kong.png|right|200px|thumb|British Crown Colony flag, in use until 1997]]

When British merchants were forced out of Canton in the 1820s, they began to use Hong Kong harbor for anchorage and storage depots. Hong Kong, with a population of 3600 villagers and 2000 fishermen, came under British control by the Convention of Chuenpi, a treaty with China in 1841, as part of the British conquest during the opium wars British foreign minister Lord Palmerston contemptuously dismissed the place as "a barren island with hardly a house upon it." Its prized harbor was used only by fishermen, pirates, and opium smugglers. However, it soon became a key and Royal Navy coaling station.

By the Treaty of the Bogue (Humen) in 1843, Chinese merchants based in the mainland were allowed free access to Hong Kong for trading purposes. By 1851 the population reached 32,000 (95% Chinese), The Second Anglo-Chinese War (1856-58) resulted in another British victory and led to the secession of the Kowloon Peninsula. Under a convention signed in Peking in 1898, the New Territories — comprising the area north of Kowloon up to the Shum Chun (Shenzhen) River and 235 islands--was leased for 99 years, primarily to forestall French or Russian occupation.

===Business===
In the 19th century the British colony was chiefly a naval base and as an entrepôt for trade with the mainland. An international busineess community grew up; Warren Delano, Jr., grandfather of President [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]], worked in Hong Kong in the 1860s as a partner in the American trading firm of Russell and Company. Jardine Matheson, founded in 1832, was a British partnership that did marketing for correspondent merchants in Britain, India, and parts of south-east Asia. It became active in finance, insurance, and shipping, but its most profitable commodity was opium, which was sold, illegally, in Canton and along the coast of China. In 1843 it moved its headquarters to Hong Kong, signalling the new base for British merchants, who dominated the international trade of south China. They sent teas and silks to Europe, and imported coal, machinery, metals, wines, and liquors. In 2007 Jardine Matheson had revenues of US$ 32 billion, and is the largest employer in HKSAR after the government.<ref> See [http://www.jardines.com/profile/history.html Jardine's History]</ref>
[[File:HK-1850.jpg|thumb|left|280px|The city in 1850.]]
Shortages of arable land, fresh water, forest and mineral resources, and skilled labor appeared to be insuperable barriers to the development of industry. However, Chinese businessmen by the 1880s were creating a distinct cultural-historical role for the colony. They contributed to China's nation-building effort by providing financing and imports China could not secure on its own. Their success made Hong Kong a valued member of the British Empire. By 1900, the colonial government appreciated the Chinese businessmen as more than profit-bound sojourners, but as allies in the struggle for order and stability, not just in Hong Kong and in south China, but in the British empire in Asia. Nationalism does not inevitably pit colonized against colonizers, for Chinese nationalism did not drive the Chinese merchants and intellectuals into opposition; the ideal of a powerful, modern China united them with the British, for both parties realized a strong, modern China meant a commercially vibrant China.

The Chinese nationalists played a major role in service to the Qing dynasty and the succeeding Republican governments, in leading the 1911 revolution and becoming a strategic a haven for Chinese refugees. Hong Kong's philanthropic and relief works, and the commercial and industrial activities of the entrepreneurs were role models for South China. The Chinese business community in Hong Kong, resembled the British business communities there and in Shanghai, which was larger and commercially more important before 1948. Both British and Chinese businessmen were dedicated to opening markets in China, to the point at which Hong Kong Chinese were in a sense both colonized and colonizers. Both groups benefited from their connections in the British Empire, and both were dependent on its power. Members of both societies saw themselves as permanent residents rather than as expatriates or sojourners, but they also continued to send money home to support philanthropic causes and, when necessary, to assist national war efforts. Both British and Chinese could have a number of identities: British or Chinese, imperial, national, and local. Both communities based their local identities on self-images of industriousness, entrepreneurship, and public spirit. London refused demands by British residents for self-government, arguing that saying the 98% Chinese majority would be subject to the control of a small European minority.<ref>John Carroll, "Colonialism, Nationalism, and Difference: Reassessing the Role of Hong Kong in Modern Chinese History." ''Chinese Historical Review'' 2006 13(1): 92-104. Issn: 1547-402x </ref>
[[File:HongKongMap.jpg|right|180px]]
Modernization proceeded rapidly, with the Hong Kong and China Gas Company starting in 1861, the Peak Tram in 1885, the Hongkong Electric Company in 1889, China Light and Power in 1903, the electric tramways in 1904 and the Kowloon-Canton Railway, in 1910. Successive reclamations began in 1851 — notably one completed in 1904 in Central District which produced Chater Road, Connaught Road and Des Voeux Road; and another in Wan Chai between 1921 and 1929.

A representative leader was Sir Kai Ho Kai, (1859-1914), barrister, physician, reformist, revolutionary and essayist. His grandfather was a Protestant printer in Malacca (Malaysia); his father was educated at the Anglo-Chinese College in Malacca and became a Protestant minister in Hong Kong as well as a rich real estate entrepreneur. Ho Kai was one of the first Chinese physicians to be professionally trained in Britain (at Aberdeen University), becoming a central figure in the history of Western medicine in China. His public service on Hong Kong's appointed Legislative Council from 1890 to 1914, his role in helping to found the Tung Wah Hospital, Alice Memorial Hospital, the Hong Kong College of Medicine and the Po Leung Kuk orphanage; he wrote numerous essays on governmental reform.<ref>G. H. Choa, ''The Life and Times of Sir Kai Ho Kai: A Prominent Figure in Nineteenth-Century Hong Kong.'' (2nd ed. 2000) </ref>

===Education and religion===
[[File:Buddhistic Statues Hong Kong.jpg|thumb|340px|Buddhistic Statues.]]
Schooling was not compulsory but the colonial government began annual cash grants in 1847 to schools for the Chinese; there was never any effort to impose English. In 1873, the annual grants were extended to voluntary schools operated by Christian missionaries. College of Medicine for the Chinese, opened in 1887 with [[Sun Yat Sen]] as one of its first two students; it became the University of Hong Kong in 1911 and built arts, engineering and medical faculties. However, throughout the 20th century higher education opportunities were limited.

The Church Missionary Society of the Church of England promoted work in China after 1844. George Smith (1815–1871) was the first bishop of Hong Kong, 1850-64. Smith handled Anglican pastoral and missionary, and directed St. Paul's Missionary College (now St Paul's Boys' School). He spoke Chinese and conducted both Chinese and English services. Smith set up the first mission to seamen in Hong Kong and was president of the Bible Society in Hong Kong. He ordained the first two Chinese deacons in 1863. The governor appointed Smith as chairman of the education committee in 1852 and of its successor, the board of education, in 1860.<ref>Gillian Bickley, "Smith, George (1815–1871)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,'' (Sept 2004); online edn, Jan 2008 </ref>

Frederick Stewart (1836–1889), the first head of the government education department was a Scottish Presbyterian educator who helped structure the educational system 1862-1878. Most residents were too poor to educate their children: school attendance among the farming and large transient fishing communities was irregular and Chinese girls generally were not educated. Stewart passionately valued education for individual fulfillment and only secondly for society's needs. He established, developed, and managed both a school and a system, learning and using spoken Cantonese and written Chinese in his work. In 1873 he established a successful grant-in-aid scheme for non-government schools (generally warmly supported by missionaries) and saw a sharp increase in attendance. In 1889 he supported a successful initiative to extend government Western education taught through English to Chinese girls. His work was enthusiastically supported by the governors Sir Richard MacDonnell and Sir Arthur Kennedy, but his work was obstructed by John Pope-Hennessy, governor 1877-1882. Pope-Hennessy, a highly controversial Irish Catholic hostile to Protestants, favored the Chinese over the British, and faulted the English-language achievements of Stewart's Central School pupils and disapproved of the dual curriculum which was the school's unique and particular strength. Although language policy had been a source of controversy at various times during the 1860s and 1870s, it was not until Pope-Hennessy’s raised the issue that conflict over the roles of English and Chinese in the colony's education system came fully into the open.<ref> Kate Lowe and Eugene McLaughlin. "Sir John Pope Hennessy and the 'native race craze': colonial government in Hong Kong, 1877–1882", ''Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History,'' 20 (1992), 223–47 ·
</ref> In 1883, on the initiative of the Colonial Office, and under a new governor, Sir George Bowen, he was appointed registrar-general and protector of Chinese. In 1887 Stewart was appointed colonial secretary—the head of the permanent civil service—and he occasionally acted as governor. Through his work in setting up a government education system which accommodated the best of two cultures—English and Chinese languages, Western and Chinese curricula, and modern and traditional pedagogies—Stewart made a lasting impact which accelerated the modernization of China. His own educational example, the pedagogical materials he produced, and his graduates all were important. Bilingual and bicultural pupils from the flagship Hong Kong Government Central School for Boys staffed many Hong Kong and imperial institutions; many attended the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese, of which Stewart was the first rector. Several won positions of influence in the imperial Chinese or Hong Kong colonial governments; others, admiring Western ideals, became revolutionaries, most notably Sun Yat Sen, the first president of China.<ref> Gillian Bickley, "Stewart, Frederick (1836–1889)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,'' Sept 2004; online edn, Jan 2008 </ref>

===Great Depression===
In 1932, facing a worldwide [[Great Depression]] and higher tariffs from the United States, the British Commonwealth nations decided at the Imperial Economic Conference to protect industry and agriculture in the Empire by raising tariffs on imports from outside the Empire and encouraging colonial entrepreneurs. Since Hong Kong was a free port with no customs duties on imports or exports, industrialization there was different than in other British colonies, where industry could only be established with the aid of protective tariffs and other government assistance, and where manufactured goods could only be sold in local markets. Hong Kong's industrialization rapidly expanded thanks to the new preference for goods made inside the Empire, and especially to the higher tariffs on Japanese textiles, footwear, and other goods. Chinese entrepreneurs in Hong Kong soon took over from the Japanese as the main competitors of British manufacturers in textiles and rubber footwear. The local and regional market expanded, with 24,000 ocean-going ships clearing the harbor in 1939. The large-scale relocation of industrial enterprises from mainland China began in the late 1930s, and resumed after the war.<ref> Norman Miners, "Industrial Development in the Colonial Empire and the Imperial Economic Conference at Ottawa 1932." ''Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History'' 2002 30(2): 53-76. Issn: 0308-6534 </ref>
===Second World War ===
[[File:VC John Robert Osborn Statue Military of Canada Hong Kong.jpg|thumb|Statue, Military of Canada, Hong Kong's Park.]]
London realized it could never defend the isolated colony against [[Japan]], but had to send forces to maintain imperial prestige. Indian and Canadian troops were sent in 1941 but they lacked training, equipment, and ammunition. They served a sacrificial role, with 6500 imprisoned for the duration, while British Commonwealth forces sought a major victory in North Africa. Refugees pured in from the mainland pushing the population well over one million, with extremely crowded conditions. Japan ruled from December, 1941 to September 1945, a time of hyperinflation and food shortages. Upwards of half the population left for the mainland.<ref> Andrew J. Whitfield, ''Hong Kong, Empire and the Anglo-American Alliance at War, 1941-1945.'' (2001) [http://www.questia.com/read/101710900?title=Hong%20Kong%2c%20Empire%20and%20the%20Anglo-American%20Alliance%20at%20War%2c%201941-45 online edition]</ref>

===Social trends===
Open currency markets and a free trade policy in Hong Kong after World War II gave it great economic advantages over Shanghai, whose government-controlled import-export trade could not compete with the British colony. In the late 1940s thousands of businessmen and professionals from Shanghai and other cities fled to Hong Kong top escape the imminent takeover of China by the Communists.

Despite a low birth rate, Hong Kong's population grew rapidly after 1945, as it became a base for entrepeneurs and a haven for refugees from poverty, war and Communism in China. The population tripled from 600,000 in 1945 to 1.8 million in 1948, then grew to 4 million in 1970 and 5.6 million in 1997. Steady growth continues, reaching 6.9 million in 2006.
[[File:TVB newsroom Hong Kong.jpg|left|TVB newsroom, Hong Kong.]]
The colony's strong high school system produced some of the professionals and skilled workers who contributed to rapid economic development after 1945, but they were outnumbered by new arrivals from China. Hong Kong's open and competitive employment system offered an important channel for upward social mobility, which tended to forestall a growth in class consciousness. Graduates joined an English-speaking elite and took pride in its acquaintance with the British culture. This elite was then incorporated by the British Establishment. This integration reduced potential friction between the colonial government and the local elite, who displayed far less antagonism or demands for independence than elites in other colonies. Demands for political participation emerged in the 1970s, as the colonial government vastly expanded its social service commitments. Its policy of "administrative absorption" encompassed more elites from all social strata. Its image was also improved by attempts to be a "government by consultation," while the threat of a takeover by Communist China undercut demands for autonomy. Economic development consistently raised the people's living standards and lowered their demand for political participation. Hong Kong elites were proud of not being affected by the "British disease," the symptoms of which included too much social welfare, militant trade unionism, frequent labour disputes, and a decline in economic competitiveness, as affected Britain itself in the 1970s. Radical ideologies were unattractive to the community and the Maoist factions gained little support. After 1984 both Britain and China promised more democracy, but as of 2008 there still is little of it.<ref> Joseph Y.S. Cheng, "Elections and Political Parties in Hong Kong's Political Development", ''Journal of Contemporary Asia,'' 2001, 31#3 346-374</ref>

===Economic boom===
[[File:Collage Hong Kong.jpg|right|120px]]
In the 1950s, Hong Kong viewed Guangdong on the mainland as its economic past: an underdeveloped hinterland of cottage industries and peasant agriculture. Guangdong, meanwhile, looked on Hong Kong as its political past: a territory oppressed by colonialism. That is, Hong Kong leaders saw Guangdong as socialist=planned=unfree=poor. Meanwhile the Commuist leaders in Guangdong saw Hong Kong as colonial=exploitative=class stratified=dehumanizing.<ref> Seth Harter, "'Time Is Moving Forward, but We Are Moving Faster': Racing towards Modernity in Hong Kong and Guangdong, 1945-1962." (2006). </ref>

The colony experienced some of the highest economic growth rates in world history during the last half of the 20th century. In the 1960s its average annual rate of growth was 13.2%, setting a world record. New factories opened, especially textiles and plastics. A major construction boom continued almost non-stop. In the 1960s the port became as a major center for world trade, exceeding all of China by 30%. It became a major international financial center. Low taxation, a strong currency, and a free currency exchange attracted international banks and foreign investment, although uncertainty regarding the 1997 takeover sent some investors to Canada. In the 1970s the growth rate slowed to a very high 8% annually. Per capita income soared, despite the fast growing population, and was the third highest in Asia by 1980, albeit less than half that of Japan.

In 1971 the colonial government made education compulsory and virtually free. Total school enrollment in 1981 was 1,339,000, but included a mere 16,000 full-time higher education students. In 1989 Governor Edward Youde moved to expand and strengthen higher education in response to public demands. He envision the founding of a world class university, an Asian equivalent of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1991 the colony established the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST). More expansion took place in the 1990s, resulting in nine major centers of higher education, with enrollment expanded by 50%.<ref>Timothy Man-kong Wong, "From Expansion to Repositioning: Recent Changes in Higher Education in Hong Kong," ''China: An International Journal'' 2#1 March 2004, pp. 150-166 in [[Project Muse]]</ref>By 2006 the most prestigious school, the University of Hong Kong, had 11,600 undergraduates, 7,900 postgraduates, and 2,000 MPhil and PhD students.

===1997===
When Britain turned Hong Kong over to China in 1997 it was the most modern colonial metropolis in the world, where robust entrepreneurship flourished under a British legal system providing a high degree of civil liberties for its citizens, but which had never set up a democratic system. Between 1960 and 1982, Hong Kong showed the staggering average growth rate of 7.0% per year, then held at 6.7% annually to 1992. In 1995, Hong Kong's GDP per person (in parity purchasing power) was the third highest in the world.

In 1997, at the end of the 99 year lease, the whole of the Hong Kong territory was returned to China. A "one country, two systems" model for 50 years was promised by China's leader [[Deng Xiaoping]], and the formula was accepted by Britain. Beijing selected the Basic Law Drafting Committee in 1985, making it clear it placed top priority on the stability and prosperity of the territory and that radical political reforms would be unlikely. Of the 59 members there were 23 members from Hong Kong, most of them prominent businessmen and leading professionals. The interests of the Establishment in Hong Kong apparently were assured, as the Chinese authorities were keen to retain Hong Kong's attractiveness to investors. The Basic Law Drafting Committee favoured an "executive-led" system of government for the future HKSAR with power concentrated in the hands of the Chief Executive, rather than the weak Legislative Council.

[[File:HK Bank of China Tower 2008.jpg|thumb|left|HK Bank of China Tower, 2008.]]
The 1985 elections to the colonial Legislative Council involved representation of different interest groups; there were a mere 70,000 eligible voters, of whom only 25,000 voted.The September 1985 elections to the Legislative Council were based on the electoral college, comprising members of the District Boards, the Urban Council and the Provisional Regional Council, and the functional constituencies.[ 10] Qualified voters therefore only numbered about 70,000 and those who actually voted amounted to about 25,000.

To rule after 1997 China created its first Special Administration Region, and as a result, Hong Kong became largely autonomous with its own government and laws, distinct from that of the rest of the People's Republic. All final decisions, however, were made by the government of China, but the influence was light-handed and "soft" before 2003.<ref>Willy Lam, "Beijing's hand in Hong Kong politics," ''Association for Asian Research'' [http://www.asianresearch.org/articles/2153.html June 14, 2004, online]</ref>
===Democratic issues===
On 1 July 2003, over half a million Hong Kong citizens staged a mass protest against the poor governance of the post-handover SAR government. The grievances of the marchers quickly snowballed into a widely backed movement for democracy, and another large rally was held on 1 July 2004. The landslide support for pro-democratic candidates during the local elections held on 23 November 2003 unnerved Beijing over its possible loss of control over Hong Kong. The government of China quickly shifted from a soft-line approach that talked about virtual autonomy to a hard-line approach, attempting to dampen the local democracy movement. Beijing banned universal suffrage for the elections of a Chief Executive in 2007 and a legislature in 2008. There were five fundamental causes of Hong Kong's broad-based demand for full democracy. First economic uncertainly rose sharply after 1999, as the competitiveness of the Hong Kong economy slipped and the transition to a knowledge economy was hindered by stagnant rates of university attendance. Secondly, the level of economic inequality increased,<ref> Li Zhang, "Economic Growth and Income Inequality in Hong Kong: Trends and Explanations," ''China: An International Journal'' 3#1 March 2005, pp. 74-103 in [[Project Muse]]</ref> along with a sense that cronyism was rampant and getting worse. Thirdly the government deficit has soared, leading to cutbacks in government services; by 2003 the government had spent half the financial reserves left by the British, and sold land assets to cover the deficit. At a deeper level citizens are anxious about their lack of voice in an authoritarian polity.<ref> Yushuo Zheng, "Hong Kong's Democrats Stumble," ''Journal of Democracy'' 16#1 January 2005, pp. 138-152 in [[Project Muse]]</ref> The The fifth fundamental problem was the failure of the new "Principal Officials Accountability System" and the growth of popular distrust towards the non-democratic system. <ref> Ming Sing, "The Legitimacy Problem and Democratic Reform in Hong Kong." ''Journal of Contemporary China'' 2006 15(48): 517-532. Issn: 1067-0564 Fulltext: [[Ebsco]]; Christine Loh, and Richard Cullen, "Political Reform in Hong Kong: the Principal Officials Accountability System. The First Year (2002-2003)." ''Journal of Contemporary China'' 2005 14(42): 153-176. Issn: 1067-0564 Fulltext: [[Ebsco]]</ref>

In September 2008, "pandemocrats" as they call themselves, retained the voters’ support during the Legislative Council election. Beijing’s interferences with the elections, though less blatant than those of 2004, unmistakably cast doubt on its sincerity to implement democracy in Hong Kong by 2020. In 2008, Beijing promoted a new wave of pro-Beijing professionals with a stronger and more independent image. The sudden rise and stunning electoral victories of the Social Democrats, who are hallmarked by civil disobedience on behalf of democratic and social reforms, reflect a deepening sense of public despair about the futility of the current political system, and a proliferating radicalism. A decade after the handover of their city to China, Hong Kong’s “pandemocrats” remain able to stand their ground at the ballot box.<ref>Ming Sing, "Hong Kong’s Democrats Hold Their Own," ''Journal of Democracy'', Volume 20, Number 1, January 2009, pp. 98-112 in [[Project MUSE]] </ref>

==Bibliography==
* DK. ''Eyewitness Top 10 Travel Guides: Hong Kong'' (2002) [http://www.amazon.com/Eyewitness-Top-10-Travel-Guides/dp/078948434X/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208912192&sr=1-3 excerpt and text search]
* ''Michelin Guide Hong Kong and Macau'' (2009) [http://www.amazon.com/Michelin-Guide-Hong-Macau-Guides/dp/2067140450/ref=sr_1_25?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254795126&sr=1-25 excerpt and text search]
* ''Frommer's Hong Kong'' by Beth Reiber, (2007) [http://www.amazon.com/Frommers-Hong-Kong-Complete/dp/0470078332/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208912192&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]
* Stone, Andrew. ''Lonely Planet Hong Kong & Macau City Guide'' (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Lonely-Planet-Hong-Macau-Guide/dp/1741046653/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208912192&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* ''Culture Shock! Hong Kong: A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette'' by Betty Wei and Elizabeth Li (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Culture-Shock-Hong-Kong-Etiquette/dp/0761454829/ref=sr_1_43?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254795206&sr=1-43 excerpt and text search]

===History===
* Carroll, John M. '' A Concise History of Hong Kong'' (2007) 270 pages [http://books.google.com/books?id=D37ijXG-FykC&pg=PA87&dq=intitle:A+intitle:history+intitle:of+intitle:Hong+intitle:Kong&lr=&num=30&as_brr=0&sig=YSlyseZ_8GY1hdC6pe8pvOSXAg4 excerpt and text search]
* Chiu, Stephen, and Tai-Lok Lui. ''Hong Kong: The Global City'' (2009) [http://www.amazon.com/Hong-Kong-Global-Stephen-Chiu/dp/0415220106/ref=sr_1_67?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254795340&sr=1-67 excerpt and text search]
* Fu, Poshek, and David Desser. ''The Cinema of Hong Kong: History, Arts, Identity'' (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Cinema-Hong-Kong-History-Identity/dp/0521776023/ref=sr_1_18?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254795022&sr=1-18 excerpt and text search]
* Ingham, Michael. '' Hong Kong: A Cultural History'' (2007) [http://www.amazon.com/Hong-Kong-Cultural-History-Cityscapes/dp/0195314972/ref=sr_1_50?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254795261&sr=1-50 excerpt and text search]
* Tsang, Steve. ''A Modern History of Hong Kong'' (2007) [http://www.amazon.com/Modern-History-Hong-Kong/dp/1845114191/ref=sr_1_14?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208912427&sr=1-14 excerpt and text search]
* Vickers, Claire. ''Hong Kong - Culture Smart!: a quick guide to customs and etiquette'' (2006) [http://www.amazon.com/Hong-Kong-Culture-customs-etiquette/dp/1857333683/ref=sr_1_12?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208912192&sr=1-12 excerpt and text search]
* Welsh, Frank. ''A Borrowed Place: The History of Hong Kong'' (1993), 624pp readable and well-researched history
* Wright, Rachel. ''Living and Working in Hong Kong: The Complete Practical Guide to Expatriate Life in China's Gateway'' (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Living-Working-Hong-Kong-Expatriate/dp/1845281950/ref=sr_1_24?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208912427&sr=1-24 excerpt and text search]

===Primary sources===
* Endacott, G. B., ed. '' An Eastern Entrepot: A Collection of Documents Illustrating the History of Hong Kong'' (1964) 293 pp
* Tsang, Steve. ''Government and Politics: A Documentary History of Hong Kong.'' (1995), 312pp [http://www.questia.com/read/14561367?title=Government%20and%20Politics%3a%20A%20Documentary%20History%20of%20Hong%20Kong online edition]

==See also==
*[[Canton]]

== References ==

<references/>

{| style="width: 100%; background:transparent; border: 2px solid #000099;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1"
!colspan=2 style="width: 100%; text-align: center; background-color: #000088; color: white; "|'''Copyright Details'''
|-
!style="background-color: #000088; color:white;"|License:
|style=" background-color: none;"| Some content for this article is in the [[Public Domain]] in the United States because it is a work of the United States Federal Government under the terms of Title 17, Chapter 1, Section 105 of the U.S. Code
|-
!style=" background-color: #000088; color:white;"|Source:
|style="background-color: none;border-top: 2px solid black"| File available from the {{{1|[[United States Federal Government]] [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2747.htm]}}}.
|}

[[Category:Chinese Cities and Towns]]
[[Category:Chinese History]]
[[Category:British Empire]]

Freedom

2015-09-18T02:35:26Z

Bauhaus:

[[image:USflag.jpg|thumb|right|350px|The flag of the [[United States]], a nation founded upon principles of personal freedom, has become a symbol of freedom and [[liberty]] in a wider sense, despite efforts with mixed results from both [[conservatives]] and [[liberals]] to hinder the freedom of American [[citizen]]s.]]

'''Freedom''' is the state of being free or at [[liberty]] rather than in confinement or [[slavery]] or under physical, mental or spiritual restraint. More specifically, it can mean:

* Ability to act freely: a state in which somebody is able to act and live as he or she chooses, without being subject to any undue restraints or restrictions.

* Release from captivity or [[slavery]]: release or rescue from being physically bound, or from being confined, enslaved, captured, or [[prison|imprisoned]].

* The condition of being free; the power to act or [[freedom of speech|speak]] or think without externally imposed restraints.

* Exemption: [[immunity]] from an obligation or [[duty]].

* [[Civil liberties|Civil liberty]], as opposed to subjection to an arbitrary or [[tyranny|despotic]] [[Police state|government]].

* The [[rights|right]] to enjoy all the [[privilege]]s or special rights of [[citizenship]], membership, etc., in a community or the like.

The [[desire]] for freedom was one of the founding principles of the [[United States of America]] thanks to the [[American values|values]] of the [[Founding Fathers]]. Today, freedom still stands proudly at the top of a list of aspirations for Americans. All Americans, no matter their creed or the color of their skin agrees that: "we shall have an association in which the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all".
<center>{{cquote|'''<big>Freedom incurs responsibility. That is why many men fear it.</big> -- [[George Bernard Shaw]]'''}}</center>
<center>{{cquote|'''<big>Freedom is one of the deepest and noblest aspirations of the human spirit.</big>-- [[Ronald Reagan]]'''}}</center> 

==Freedom and equality==
[[Milton Friedman]] said, "The society that puts [[equality]] before freedom will end up with neither; the society that puts freedom before equality will end up with a great measure of both." [http://freetochoose.net/broadcasts/ideas_for_all_time/index.php]

== Freedom & St Paul's Letter to the Galatians ==

John Hanneman wrote, "Inner freedom has to do with the very essence of our being." This "inner freedom" is the theme of [[St Paul]]'s letter to the [[Galatians]].

The [[Greek]] words for freedom appear 36 times in the [[New Testament]]. Paul uses them 28 times in his letters, and 10 times in Galatians alone. The purpose of this letter is clear: to explain how [[Christians]] have been released from the law and been given freedom in [[Christ]], how the [[Holy Spirit|Spirit]] has replaced the [[Torah]] in our lives.

Galatians reveals why people struggle so much with law. It identifies the key ingredient to becoming free, and how people can enjoy freedom in Christ. Paul writes: {{Bible quote|It is for freedom that Christ has set us free.|book=Galatians|chap=5|verses=1|version=NIV}}
In his word of greeting in the introduction, he says: {{Bible quote|Grace to you and peace from [[Father God|God our Father]], and the Lord Jesus Christ, who gave Himself for our sins, that He might deliver us out of this present evil age, according to the will of God the Father.|book=Galatians|chap=1|verses=3-4|version=NASB}} Here the [[apostle]] defines what he means by freedom. Following his wish for "grace and peace," he uses two phrases that capture for Christians the two ways they are free as a result of their relationship with God.

The first phrase is that the Lord Jesus Christ "gave Himself for our sins." Here the Apostle is describing our freedom from slavery to the power of [[sin]]. This is the great doctrine of [[Justification]]. We are born into sin, separated from God, but this separation can be overcome because God sent His Son Jesus to die on the cross for our sins. Through this [[atonement]], all of our sins, past, present, and future, have been paid for - all we need do is put our [[faith]] in Christ. John Stott comments: "The death of Jesus Christ was primarily neither a display of [[love]], nor an example of heroism, but a sacrifice for sin."<ref>http://www.speraindeo.org/julread.html</ref><ref>http://www.pbcc.org/sermons/hanneman/968.html</ref>

==See Also==
* [[American values]] - [[Conservative values]] - [[Libertarianism|Libertarian values]]: [[Liberty]], [[Bravery]], [[Duty]], [[Courage]]
* [[Veteran]]s defend Freedom-[[Liberty]] and the [[Bill of Rights]]
* [[Hero]]: [[Gallery of American Heroes]]
* [[Memorial Day]], [[Veterans Day]], [[Remembrance Day]]
* [[Oath Keepers]] - Support and defend the [[unalienable rights]] of [[America]]
* [[National Rifle Association]] - [[Gun Owners of America]] - [[Second Amendment Foundation]]
* [[U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs]] and [[Secretary of Veterans Affairs]]
* [[5 U.S.C. § 3331|Oath for federal officials]]
* [[28 U.S.C. § 453|Oath for federal judges]]
* [[Vow]]
* [[Police state]]s-[[Nanny state]]s violate the [[United States Constitution]]-[[Bill of Rights]] (especially [[Second Amendment]] and [[Fourth Amendment]]) and [[Citizen]]'s [[Unalienable rights]] by not upholding their oath to support and defend the [[Constitution]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External Links==
*[http://www.aim.org/wls/category/freedom/ What Liberals Say - Category: Freedom], [[Accuracy In Media]]
* [http://oathkeepers.org Oath Keepers]

[[Category:United States of America]]
[[Category:Bible Study]]
[[Category:Virtues]]
[[Category:Veterans]]
[[Category:History]]
[[Category:War]]
[[Category:Wars]]
[[Category:Conservatives]]
[[Category:Libertarians]]
[[Category:Conservatism]]
[[Category:Libertarianism]]
[[Category:United States History]]
[[Category:Pro Second Amendment]]
[[Category:Survivalism]]

Cold War

2015-09-18T02:33:25Z

Bauhaus:

The '''Cold War''' was a period of suspicion and distrust between the US and its alliances and the Soviet Union and its more or less puppet allies after [[World War II]], and was started by [[Josef Stalin]].<ref> [http://cnsnews.com/commentary/article/59591 CNSNews.com - U.S. Honors Stalin on Hallowed Ground – Will Saddam Hussein Be Next?
] </ref> It persisted due to the natural enmity between [[Communism]] and most other forms of government, especially [[Capitalism]] and the incompatible goals the two sides held.

The Cold War was marked by a nuclear [[arms race]] between the two super-powers, and the unchecked [[proliferation]] of [[nuclear weapons]] was a cause for concern in many quarters. The Cold War also was marked by high levels of [[espionage]].

Although there was no direct fighting between the superpowers, each country was involved in medium-scale proxy wars, most notably in [[Korea]], [[Vietnam]] and [[Afghanistan]]. The most tense moment between the two main powers came in October 1962 during the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]], which ended without escalation into warfare.

The Cold War lead to the development of the First-World (United States and its allies) Second-World (Soviet Union and its allies) and Third-World (countries not allied with either superpower and with no nuclear programs) system of classifying countries. "Third-World" is the only term in this system still commonly used today, and it typically denotes an unindustrialized or still industrialising country.

It was a political, economic and psychological conflict, together with regional hot wars, between the [[United States]], [[NATO]] and other allies, and the [[USSR]], [[China]] and their allies between 1947 and 1989. After 1960, China split with the Soviet Union and set up its own alliances as part of its Cold War with the U.S and it's attempt to overtake the USSR as leader of the communist movement. <ref> [https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/winter98_99/art05.html] </ref>

The tension during the Cold War fluctuated, with the super powers going through periods of heightened conflict and also periods of improved relations. It ended on November 11, 1989, with the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet overseas empire. History closed the books on the Soviet Union itself on December 25, 1991. It was replaced by 15 smaller countries, especially [[Russia]], which all rejected Communism after the Cold War.
==Causes==
The success of the wartime alliance with Britain, China and the Soviet Union led Americans to reject the isolationism of the interwar years. Victory in 1945 and the demobilization of the world’s armies and navies brought a general sense of confidence that the wartime alliance would continue and form the leadership of the new [[United Nations]], Hopefully the UN would provide the basis for international law and the solution of all serious problems, but it never lived up to expectations. Instead by 1947 the wartime alliance collapsed; The basic reason being an incompatibility in the two systems that each sought to remold the world too, either in American terms of democracy, liberal government, and capitalism, or else the Soviet goals of dictatorship of the Communist party as the mechanism to destroy capitalism. In immediate terms the issue was the independence of Poland, Czechoslovakia and other central and eastern European countries that had been taken over first by the Nazis, and after 1945 by the Soviet army.

[[Harry S. Truman]] had no knowledge or interest in foreign policy before becoming president in April 1945, and depended on the State Department for foreign policy advice. In 1946, George Kennan, an American diplomat wrote the ''Long Telegram'', in which argued for the necessity of [[Containment|containing]] the Soviet Union. His cable resonated with President [[Harry Truman]]'s administration and Truman shifted from FDR's détente to [[containment]] as soon as [[Dean Acheson]] convinced him the Soviet Union was a long-term threat to American interests. They viewed Communism as a secular, millennial religion that informed the Kremlin's worldview and actions and made it the chief threat to American security, liberty, and world peace. They rejected the moral equivalence of democratic and Communist governments and concluded that until the regime in Moscow changed only American and Allied strength could curb the Soviets.

Following Acheson's advice, Truman in 1947 announced the [[Truman Doctrine]] of containing Communist expansion by furnishing military and economic American aid to Europe and Asia, and particularly to Greece and Turkey. He followed up with the [[Marshall Plan]], which was enacted into law as the European Recovery Program (ERP) and pumped $12.4 into the European economy, forcing the breakdown of old barriers and encouraging modernization along American lines. The State Department later promoted the Point Four program of "foreign aid" (grants with no repayment) to underdeveloped or "[[Third World]]" countries. In general. the money went to corrupt local officials and little moderization took place. The main success stories came in [[Taiwan]] and [[South Korea]].

====Containment====
In 1947 Truman, a Democrat, convinced the Republican-controlled Congress to support the [[Truman Doctrine]] by sending massive aid to the small country of Greece, threatened by a Communist takeover. The rest of Europe was still in economic ruin, which Washington feared would help the spread of Communism, so the [[Marshall Plan]] was proposed to help restore the European economies. When Stalin engineered a Communist takeover of democratic Czechoslovakia in early 1948, and forbade his satellites to accept the [[Marshall Plan]] money, Americans realized that Winston Churchill’s warnings about an “iron curtain” had come true.

The strategy of isolationism had failed by 1941; the strategy of détente(or friendship) with Communism had failed by 1948. Some argued for a strategy of direct confrontation or "[[Rollback]]"—but this was considered too dangerous, especially when the Soviets tested their first nuclear weapon in 1950.

Washington decided on a strategy of containment, as embodied in the the [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization]] ('''NATO''') military alliance set up in 1949. The [[NSC-68]] was a secret 1950 plan adopted at the highest levels of the American government to set the overall strategy, and a further step was taken in 1951 with the establishment of the Mutual Security Agency to coordinate U.S. economic, technical and military aid abroad.

The basic goal of containment was to prevent further Communist expansion, hoping that the internal weaknesses of the Soviet system would soon lead to its collapse. The problem with containment was that it meant fighting wars against Communist expansion, especially in Korea in 1950-53, and in Vietnam 1963-73; and had the basic flaw that the enemy could choose the time and place of movement, while America and its allies had to defend everywhere at all times. In 1949 [[Mao Zedong]] and his Communists won the civil war in China which would make the objective of containment even more unobtainable(as seen in the Chinese intervention in Korea).

===Korean War: 1950-1953===
The [[Korean War]] began at the end of June 1950 when North Korea, a Communist country, invaded South Korea, which was not under explicit American protection. Without consulting Congress Truman ordered General [[Douglas MacArthur]] to use all American forces to resist the invasion. Truman then received approval from the United Nations, which the Soviets were boycotting. UN forces managed to cling to a toehold in Korea, as the North Koreans outran their supply system. A counterattack at Inchon destroyed the invasion army, and the UN forces captured most of North Korea on their way to the Yalu River, Korea's northern border with China. Truman defined the war goal as [[rollback]] of Communism and reunification of the country under UN auspices.

In late 1950 China intervened unexpectedly, driving the UN forces all the way back to South Korea. The fighting stabilized close to the original 38th parallel that had divided North and South. MacArthur wanted to continue the rollback strategy but Truman had decided on a new policy of containment, allowing North Korea to persist. Truman's dismissal of MacArthur in April 1951 sparked a vehement debate on American Far Eastern policy, as Truman was blamed for a high-cost stalemate with 37,000 Americans killed and over 100,000 wounded.

==Conflicts==

===Major Cold War Fronts===
====Strategic====
* [[Central Intelligence Agency]], chief US spy agency
* [[Containment]], stopping the expansion of Communism
* [[Détente]], trade and friendly relations with Soviets
* [[Rollback]], destruction of Communism
* [[NSC-68]], key planning document for Cold War 1950
* [[Space Race]], [[Sputnik]] 1957
* [[INF Treaty]]
* [[Nonalignment]]
* [[Strategic Defense Initiative]]

====In Europe====
* [[Truman Doctrine]], 1947
* [[History of Poland]]
* [[Berlin Airlift]], 1948-49
* [[Marshall Plan]], 1948-51
* [[NATO]], 1949- present
* [[Josip Broz Tito]]
* [[Berlin Wall]] 1961-89

====In Asia====
* [[Korean War]] (1950-53)
* [[Vietnam War]] (1965-75)
* [[Domino theory]]
* [[Soviet-Afghan War]], (1979-1989)
* [[CENTO]]

====Third World====
* [[Peace Corps]], 1961-present
* [[Cuban Revolution]]
* [[Cuban Missile Crisis]]
* [[Nicaraguan Revolution]], [[Contras]]
* [[Salvadorian Civil War]]
* [[Angolan Civil War]]

===The Shootdown of Korean Airlines Flight 007===

Considered by many as the second or third most critical single incident of the Cold War, after the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]] of 1962 and [[Able Archer 83]], the shooting down of [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]], including 269 passengers and crew (among which was Georgia Congressman, [[Larry McDonald]]), on Sept. 1, 1983 signal an escalation in tension during the "Second Cold War."

==Breakup of the Soviet Union and Wars End==

The Western democracies, under the leadership of the United States under President [[Ronald Reagan]] won the Cold War with a policy that rejected detente and containment and instead relied on [[Rollback]]. An important element of this victory was Reagan's decision to commit to increased military spending, such as the "[[Strategic Defense Initiative|Star Wars]]" program. Reagan's decisions to intervene in Afghanistan while pursuing an arms race exacerbated structural weaknesses in the Soviet economy and pushed the USSR into an early decline.

In 1985, [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] become General Secretary of the Communist Party.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/11/newsid_2538000/2538327.stm Gorbachev Becomes Soviet Leader], ''BBC'', 11 March, 1985.</ref> Recognizing the systemic problems faced by Soviet society, he attempted the twin reform programs of [[Glasnost]] (openness) and [[Perestroika]] (restructuring). Combined with the disaster at Chernobyl and losses in the war in Afghanistan, the effects of Gorbachev's reforms quickly spun out of control. Glasnost allowed media attention to focus on problems which had long been buried by the state's propaganda regime, causing widespread dissatisfaction among Soviet citizens. In 1989, a wave of constituent republics began to seek autonomy from the Soviet Union. Most attempts at succession (with the exception of Lithuania) were met with no Soviet resistance.

==Further reading==

The Cold War is well documented by political scientists and historians--especially since 1991 when archives were opened in ex-Communist countries. Following are selected major scholarly books and articles in English, and some major memoirs.

for a much longer guide see [[Cold War Bibliography]]

* Bacevich, Andrew J., ed. ''The Long War: A New History of U.S. National Security Policy Since World War II'' (2007) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0231131585/ref=sib_dp_bod_ex?ie=UTF8&p=S00D#reader-link excerpt and text search]
* Ball, S. J. ''The Cold War: An International History, 1947–1991'' (1998), British perspective; short summary; [http://www.questia.com/library/book/the-cold-war-an-international-history-1947-1991-by-s-j-ball.jsp online edition]
* Boyle Peter G. ''American-Soviet Relations: From the Russian Revolution to the Fall of Communism.'' (1993).
* Brzezinski, Zbigniew. ''The Grand Failure: The Birth and Death of Communism in the Twentieth Century'' (1989)
* Crockatt Richard. ''The Fifty Years War: The United States and the Soviet Union in World Politics, 1941-1991.'' (1995), popular. [http://www.amazon.com/Fifty-Years-War-United-Politics/dp/0415135540/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193967506&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Friedman, Norman. ''The Fifty Year War: Conflict and Strategy in the Cold War''. (2000) [http://www.amazon.com/Fifty-Year-War-Conflict-Strategy-Cold/dp/1591142873/ref=sr_1_2/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193967539&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]
* Gaddis, John Lewis, ''The Cold War. A New History'', 2005. [http://www.amazon.com/Cold-War-New-History/dp/B000GUJH8A/ref=pd_sxp_grid_i_0_0/103-4827826-5463040 excerpt and text search]
* Gaddis, John Lewis. ''Russia, the Soviet Union and the United States. An Interpretative History'' 2nd ed. (1990)
* Gaddis, John Lewis. ''Long Peace: Inquiries into the History of the Cold War'' (1987) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=100560159 online edition]
* Kegley Jr., Charles W. ed., ''The Long Postwar Peace.'' 1991
* Kort, Michael. ''The Columbia Guide to the Cold War'' (1998) [http://www.amazon.com/Columbia-Guide-Cold-War/dp/0231107730/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193967647&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* LaFeber, Walter. ''America, Russia, and the Cold War, 1945–1992'' 9th ed. (2002) [http://www.amazon.com/America-Russia-Cold-1945-2002-Updated/dp/0072849037/ref=pd_sxp_grid_i_2_1/103-4827826-5463040 excerpt and text search], liberal
* Leffler, Melvyn P. ''For the Soul of Mankind: The United States, the Soviet Union, and the Cold War'' (2007) [http://www.amazon.com/Soul-Mankind-United-States-Soviet/dp/0809097176/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1191567573&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search], liberal
* Lundestad, Geir. ''East, West, North, South: Major Developments in International Politics since 1945'' (1999). [http://www.amazon.com/East-West-North-South-International/dp/1412907489/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193964045&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* McCauley, Martin. ''Russia, America and the Cold War: 1949-1991'' (2nd ed. 2008); short textbook [http://www.amazon.com/Russia-America-Cold-War-1949-1991/dp/1405874309/ref=sr_1_24?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1252833741&sr=1-24 excerpt and text search]
* Mann, James. ''The Rebellion of Ronald Reagan: A History of the End of the Cold War'' (2009) [http://www.amazon.com/Rebellion-Ronald-Reagan-History-Cold/dp/0670020540/ref=sr_1_8?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1252833311&sr=1-8 excerpt and text search]
* Paterson, Thomas G. ''On Every Front: The Making and Unmaking of the Cold War.'' 1992. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=98945969&oplinknum=8 online edition]; [http://www.amazon.com/Every-Front-Making-Unmaking-Cold/dp/0393030601/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193967604&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]; liberal
* Pietrusza, David ''1948: Harry Truman's Improbable Victory and the Year that Changed America'', New York: Union Square Press, 2011.
* Powaski, Ronald E. ''The Cold War: The United States and the Soviet Union, 1917–1991'' (1998) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=78888203 online edition]
* Westad, Odd Arne ''The Global Cold War: Third World Interventions and the Making of our Times'' (2006) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/052170314X/ref=sib_dp_pt/103-4827826-5463040#reader-link excerpt and text search]
* Zubok, Vladislav M. ''A Failed Empire: The Soviet Union in the Cold War from Stalin to Gorbachev'' (2007) [http://www.amazon.com/Failed-Empire-Soviet-Gorbachev-History/dp/0807859583/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1252833311&sr=1-3 excerpt and text search]

==External Links==
*[http://home.att.net/~rw.rynerson/index2.htm Berlin 1969 - midpoint of the Cold War]
*[http://bertschlossberg.blogspot.com/2012/11/lawrence-patton-mcdonald-b_15.html A Forgotten Man: Congressman Larry McDonald]
*[http://bertschlossberg.blogspot.com/ Series on the downing of KAL007 in "Real Life and Death: the interplay of Bible, Israel, America"]

== See Also==
* [[Nuclear target structures]]
* [[Joseph McCarthy]]
* [[Iron Curtain]]
* [[Containment]]
* [[Rollback]]
* [[The Soviet/ U.S naval confrontation]]: incidences during 1983 [[KAL 007]] search
* [[The Soviet's Deception of the Location of KAL 007's Water Landing]]
* [[List of military strategies and concepts]]

== References ==
<references/>

[[category:Wars]]
[[category:Cold War]]
[[Category : Nuclear Target Structures]]
[[Category:Communism]]
[[Category:United States History]]
[[category:Military History]]
[[category:diplomacy]]
[[Category:Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Russian History]]
[[Category:European History]]
[[Category:Chinese History]]
[[Category:Military Strategies and Concepts]]

Cold War

2015-09-18T02:32:33Z

Bauhaus:

The '''Cold War''' was a period of suspicion and distrust between the US and its alliances and the Soviet Union and its more or less puppet allies after [[World War II]], and was started by [[Josef Stalin]].<ref> [http://cnsnews.com/commentary/article/59591 CNSNews.com - U.S. Honors Stalin on Hallowed Ground – Will Saddam Hussein Be Next?
] </ref> It persisted due to the natural enmity between [[Communism]] and most other forms of government, especially [[Capitalism]] and the incompatible goals the two sides held.

The Cold War was marked by a nuclear [[arms race]] between the two super-powers, and the unchecked [[proliferation]] of [[nuclear weapons]] was a cause for concern in many quarters. The Cold War also was marked by high levels of [[espionage]].

Although there was no direct fighting between the superpowers, each country was involved in medium-scale proxy wars, most notably in [[Korea]], [[Vietnam]] and [[Afghanistan]]. The most tense moment between the two main powers came in October 1962 during the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]], which ended without escalation into warfare.

The Cold War lead to the development of the First-World (United States and its allies) Second-World (Soviet Union and its allies) and Third-World (countries not allied with either superpower and with no nuclear programs) system of classifying countries. "Third-World" is the only term in this system still commonly used today, and it typically denotes an unindustrialized or still industrialising country.

It was a political, economic and psychological conflict, together with regional hot wars, between the [[United States]], [[NATO]] and other allies, and the [[USSR]], [[China]] and their allies between 1947 and 1989. After 1960, China split with the Soviet Union and set up its own alliances as part of its Cold War with the U.S and it's attempt to overtake the USSR as leader of the communist movement. <ref> [https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/winter98_99/art05.html] </ref>

The tension during the Cold War fluctuated, with the super powers going through periods of heightened conflict and also periods of improved relations. It ended on November 11, 1989, with the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet overseas empire. History closed the books on the Soviet Union itself on December 25, 1991. It was replaced by 15 smaller countries, especially [[Russia]], which all rejected Communism and the Cold War.
==Causes==
The success of the wartime alliance with Britain, China and the Soviet Union led Americans to reject the isolationism of the interwar years. Victory in 1945 and the demobilization of the world’s armies and navies brought a general sense of confidence that the wartime alliance would continue and form the leadership of the new [[United Nations]], Hopefully the UN would provide the basis for international law and the solution of all serious problems, but it never lived up to expectations. Instead by 1947 the wartime alliance collapsed; The basic reason being an incompatibility in the two systems that each sought to remold the world too, either in American terms of democracy, liberal government, and capitalism, or else the Soviet goals of dictatorship of the Communist party as the mechanism to destroy capitalism. In immediate terms the issue was the independence of Poland, Czechoslovakia and other central and eastern European countries that had been taken over first by the Nazis, and after 1945 by the Soviet army.

[[Harry S. Truman]] had no knowledge or interest in foreign policy before becoming president in April 1945, and depended on the State Department for foreign policy advice. In 1946, George Kennan, an American diplomat wrote the ''Long Telegram'', in which argued for the necessity of [[Containment|containing]] the Soviet Union. His cable resonated with President [[Harry Truman]]'s administration and Truman shifted from FDR's détente to [[containment]] as soon as [[Dean Acheson]] convinced him the Soviet Union was a long-term threat to American interests. They viewed Communism as a secular, millennial religion that informed the Kremlin's worldview and actions and made it the chief threat to American security, liberty, and world peace. They rejected the moral equivalence of democratic and Communist governments and concluded that until the regime in Moscow changed only American and Allied strength could curb the Soviets.

Following Acheson's advice, Truman in 1947 announced the [[Truman Doctrine]] of containing Communist expansion by furnishing military and economic American aid to Europe and Asia, and particularly to Greece and Turkey. He followed up with the [[Marshall Plan]], which was enacted into law as the European Recovery Program (ERP) and pumped $12.4 into the European economy, forcing the breakdown of old barriers and encouraging modernization along American lines. The State Department later promoted the Point Four program of "foreign aid" (grants with no repayment) to underdeveloped or "[[Third World]]" countries. In general. the money went to corrupt local officials and little moderization took place. The main success stories came in [[Taiwan]] and [[South Korea]].

====Containment====
In 1947 Truman, a Democrat, convinced the Republican-controlled Congress to support the [[Truman Doctrine]] by sending massive aid to the small country of Greece, threatened by a Communist takeover. The rest of Europe was still in economic ruin, which Washington feared would help the spread of Communism, so the [[Marshall Plan]] was proposed to help restore the European economies. When Stalin engineered a Communist takeover of democratic Czechoslovakia in early 1948, and forbade his satellites to accept the [[Marshall Plan]] money, Americans realized that Winston Churchill’s warnings about an “iron curtain” had come true.

The strategy of isolationism had failed by 1941; the strategy of détente(or friendship) with Communism had failed by 1948. Some argued for a strategy of direct confrontation or "[[Rollback]]"—but this was considered too dangerous, especially when the Soviets tested their first nuclear weapon in 1950.

Washington decided on a strategy of containment, as embodied in the the [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization]] ('''NATO''') military alliance set up in 1949. The [[NSC-68]] was a secret 1950 plan adopted at the highest levels of the American government to set the overall strategy, and a further step was taken in 1951 with the establishment of the Mutual Security Agency to coordinate U.S. economic, technical and military aid abroad.

The basic goal of containment was to prevent further Communist expansion, hoping that the internal weaknesses of the Soviet system would soon lead to its collapse. The problem with containment was that it meant fighting wars against Communist expansion, especially in Korea in 1950-53, and in Vietnam 1963-73; and had the basic flaw that the enemy could choose the time and place of movement, while America and its allies had to defend everywhere at all times. In 1949 [[Mao Zedong]] and his Communists won the civil war in China which would make the objective of containment even more unobtainable(as seen in the Chinese intervention in Korea).

===Korean War: 1950-1953===
The [[Korean War]] began at the end of June 1950 when North Korea, a Communist country, invaded South Korea, which was not under explicit American protection. Without consulting Congress Truman ordered General [[Douglas MacArthur]] to use all American forces to resist the invasion. Truman then received approval from the United Nations, which the Soviets were boycotting. UN forces managed to cling to a toehold in Korea, as the North Koreans outran their supply system. A counterattack at Inchon destroyed the invasion army, and the UN forces captured most of North Korea on their way to the Yalu River, Korea's northern border with China. Truman defined the war goal as [[rollback]] of Communism and reunification of the country under UN auspices.

In late 1950 China intervened unexpectedly, driving the UN forces all the way back to South Korea. The fighting stabilized close to the original 38th parallel that had divided North and South. MacArthur wanted to continue the rollback strategy but Truman had decided on a new policy of containment, allowing North Korea to persist. Truman's dismissal of MacArthur in April 1951 sparked a vehement debate on American Far Eastern policy, as Truman was blamed for a high-cost stalemate with 37,000 Americans killed and over 100,000 wounded.

==Conflicts==

===Major Cold War Fronts===
====Strategic====
* [[Central Intelligence Agency]], chief US spy agency
* [[Containment]], stopping the expansion of Communism
* [[Détente]], trade and friendly relations with Soviets
* [[Rollback]], destruction of Communism
* [[NSC-68]], key planning document for Cold War 1950
* [[Space Race]], [[Sputnik]] 1957
* [[INF Treaty]]
* [[Nonalignment]]
* [[Strategic Defense Initiative]]

====In Europe====
* [[Truman Doctrine]], 1947
* [[History of Poland]]
* [[Berlin Airlift]], 1948-49
* [[Marshall Plan]], 1948-51
* [[NATO]], 1949- present
* [[Josip Broz Tito]]
* [[Berlin Wall]] 1961-89

====In Asia====
* [[Korean War]] (1950-53)
* [[Vietnam War]] (1965-75)
* [[Domino theory]]
* [[Soviet-Afghan War]], (1979-1989)
* [[CENTO]]

====Third World====
* [[Peace Corps]], 1961-present
* [[Cuban Revolution]]
* [[Cuban Missile Crisis]]
* [[Nicaraguan Revolution]], [[Contras]]
* [[Salvadorian Civil War]]
* [[Angolan Civil War]]

===The Shootdown of Korean Airlines Flight 007===

Considered by many as the second or third most critical single incident of the Cold War, after the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]] of 1962 and [[Able Archer 83]], the shooting down of [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]], including 269 passengers and crew (among which was Georgia Congressman, [[Larry McDonald]]), on Sept. 1, 1983 signal an escalation in tension during the "Second Cold War."

==Breakup of the Soviet Union and Wars End==

The Western democracies, under the leadership of the United States under President [[Ronald Reagan]] won the Cold War with a policy that rejected detente and containment and instead relied on [[Rollback]]. An important element of this victory was Reagan's decision to commit to increased military spending, such as the "[[Strategic Defense Initiative|Star Wars]]" program. Reagan's decisions to intervene in Afghanistan while pursuing an arms race exacerbated structural weaknesses in the Soviet economy and pushed the USSR into an early decline.

In 1985, [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] become General Secretary of the Communist Party.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/11/newsid_2538000/2538327.stm Gorbachev Becomes Soviet Leader], ''BBC'', 11 March, 1985.</ref> Recognizing the systemic problems faced by Soviet society, he attempted the twin reform programs of [[Glasnost]] (openness) and [[Perestroika]] (restructuring). Combined with the disaster at Chernobyl and losses in the war in Afghanistan, the effects of Gorbachev's reforms quickly spun out of control. Glasnost allowed media attention to focus on problems which had long been buried by the state's propaganda regime, causing widespread dissatisfaction among Soviet citizens. In 1989, a wave of constituent republics began to seek autonomy from the Soviet Union. Most attempts at succession (with the exception of Lithuania) were met with no Soviet resistance.

==Further reading==

The Cold War is well documented by political scientists and historians--especially since 1991 when archives were opened in ex-Communist countries. Following are selected major scholarly books and articles in English, and some major memoirs.

for a much longer guide see [[Cold War Bibliography]]

* Bacevich, Andrew J., ed. ''The Long War: A New History of U.S. National Security Policy Since World War II'' (2007) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0231131585/ref=sib_dp_bod_ex?ie=UTF8&p=S00D#reader-link excerpt and text search]
* Ball, S. J. ''The Cold War: An International History, 1947–1991'' (1998), British perspective; short summary; [http://www.questia.com/library/book/the-cold-war-an-international-history-1947-1991-by-s-j-ball.jsp online edition]
* Boyle Peter G. ''American-Soviet Relations: From the Russian Revolution to the Fall of Communism.'' (1993).
* Brzezinski, Zbigniew. ''The Grand Failure: The Birth and Death of Communism in the Twentieth Century'' (1989)
* Crockatt Richard. ''The Fifty Years War: The United States and the Soviet Union in World Politics, 1941-1991.'' (1995), popular. [http://www.amazon.com/Fifty-Years-War-United-Politics/dp/0415135540/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193967506&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Friedman, Norman. ''The Fifty Year War: Conflict and Strategy in the Cold War''. (2000) [http://www.amazon.com/Fifty-Year-War-Conflict-Strategy-Cold/dp/1591142873/ref=sr_1_2/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193967539&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]
* Gaddis, John Lewis, ''The Cold War. A New History'', 2005. [http://www.amazon.com/Cold-War-New-History/dp/B000GUJH8A/ref=pd_sxp_grid_i_0_0/103-4827826-5463040 excerpt and text search]
* Gaddis, John Lewis. ''Russia, the Soviet Union and the United States. An Interpretative History'' 2nd ed. (1990)
* Gaddis, John Lewis. ''Long Peace: Inquiries into the History of the Cold War'' (1987) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=100560159 online edition]
* Kegley Jr., Charles W. ed., ''The Long Postwar Peace.'' 1991
* Kort, Michael. ''The Columbia Guide to the Cold War'' (1998) [http://www.amazon.com/Columbia-Guide-Cold-War/dp/0231107730/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193967647&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* LaFeber, Walter. ''America, Russia, and the Cold War, 1945–1992'' 9th ed. (2002) [http://www.amazon.com/America-Russia-Cold-1945-2002-Updated/dp/0072849037/ref=pd_sxp_grid_i_2_1/103-4827826-5463040 excerpt and text search], liberal
* Leffler, Melvyn P. ''For the Soul of Mankind: The United States, the Soviet Union, and the Cold War'' (2007) [http://www.amazon.com/Soul-Mankind-United-States-Soviet/dp/0809097176/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1191567573&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search], liberal
* Lundestad, Geir. ''East, West, North, South: Major Developments in International Politics since 1945'' (1999). [http://www.amazon.com/East-West-North-South-International/dp/1412907489/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193964045&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* McCauley, Martin. ''Russia, America and the Cold War: 1949-1991'' (2nd ed. 2008); short textbook [http://www.amazon.com/Russia-America-Cold-War-1949-1991/dp/1405874309/ref=sr_1_24?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1252833741&sr=1-24 excerpt and text search]
* Mann, James. ''The Rebellion of Ronald Reagan: A History of the End of the Cold War'' (2009) [http://www.amazon.com/Rebellion-Ronald-Reagan-History-Cold/dp/0670020540/ref=sr_1_8?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1252833311&sr=1-8 excerpt and text search]
* Paterson, Thomas G. ''On Every Front: The Making and Unmaking of the Cold War.'' 1992. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=98945969&oplinknum=8 online edition]; [http://www.amazon.com/Every-Front-Making-Unmaking-Cold/dp/0393030601/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193967604&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]; liberal
* Pietrusza, David ''1948: Harry Truman's Improbable Victory and the Year that Changed America'', New York: Union Square Press, 2011.
* Powaski, Ronald E. ''The Cold War: The United States and the Soviet Union, 1917–1991'' (1998) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=78888203 online edition]
* Westad, Odd Arne ''The Global Cold War: Third World Interventions and the Making of our Times'' (2006) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/052170314X/ref=sib_dp_pt/103-4827826-5463040#reader-link excerpt and text search]
* Zubok, Vladislav M. ''A Failed Empire: The Soviet Union in the Cold War from Stalin to Gorbachev'' (2007) [http://www.amazon.com/Failed-Empire-Soviet-Gorbachev-History/dp/0807859583/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1252833311&sr=1-3 excerpt and text search]

==External Links==
*[http://home.att.net/~rw.rynerson/index2.htm Berlin 1969 - midpoint of the Cold War]
*[http://bertschlossberg.blogspot.com/2012/11/lawrence-patton-mcdonald-b_15.html A Forgotten Man: Congressman Larry McDonald]
*[http://bertschlossberg.blogspot.com/ Series on the downing of KAL007 in "Real Life and Death: the interplay of Bible, Israel, America"]

== See Also==
* [[Nuclear target structures]]
* [[Joseph McCarthy]]
* [[Iron Curtain]]
* [[Containment]]
* [[Rollback]]
* [[The Soviet/ U.S naval confrontation]]: incidences during 1983 [[KAL 007]] search
* [[The Soviet's Deception of the Location of KAL 007's Water Landing]]
* [[List of military strategies and concepts]]

== References ==
<references/>

[[category:Wars]]
[[category:Cold War]]
[[Category : Nuclear Target Structures]]
[[Category:Communism]]
[[Category:United States History]]
[[category:Military History]]
[[category:diplomacy]]
[[Category:Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Russian History]]
[[Category:European History]]
[[Category:Chinese History]]
[[Category:Military Strategies and Concepts]]