Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Salvador Allende

2016-04-20T02:19:52Z

Bezzle: ak-47

[[File:USSR stamp Salvador Allende 1973 6k.jpg|thumb|A [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] stamp honoring Salvador Allende]]
'''Salvador Allende''' was a Chilean physician and politician. He ruled as the President of [[Chile]] from 1970 to 1973. A self-proclaimed "militant socialist" and [[demagogue]], his overthrow and death are very controversial.

==History==

Salvador Allende was was born July 26, 1908, in [[Valparaiso]]. Allende was a member of the [[Socialist Party of Chile]].

Allende, representing a coalition of [[Marxist]] parties,
came to power in 1970 after narrowly beating his closest opponent with 36.3 percent of the vote.<ref>[http://foia.state.gov/Reports/ChurchReport.asp]</ref>
Allende was outspoken in his intent to dramatically "transform" Chile according to socialist principles, which concerned moderate voters and politicians. The Chilean Congress voted to give Allende the presidency, in accordance with run-off rules in place at the time, but required Allende to sign a special statement promising that his reforms would always respect the constitution.

During his government, Allende instituted a plan called the "Chilean way to socialism" (''La vía chilena al socialism'') or "socialism within pluralism" in attempt to address the unequal distribution of wealth in the Chilean economy, but which led to widespread disruption and social polarisation. Upon assuming power Allende expropriated private sector business, middle class and [[bourgeois]] property and began to implement an agrarian reforms and a program to nationalise vital industry. Allende posted some of his supporters to oversee these expropriations and nationalisation, including David Silberman <ref>http://www.jta.org/1976/02/06/archive/family-of-former-chilean-jewish-official-seeking-his-where-abouts</ref> (disappeared) who was assigned to oversee the "nationalization" of Chile's largest copper industry: Chuquicamata. The media wrote extensively of Allende's failures. Strikes and shutdowns caused massive inflation and unrest, and the conservative-controlled Chilean Congress sought to reject Allende's proposals whenever possible, causing considerable political gridlock.

US intelligence reports implicated Allende in the assassination of several opponents,<ref>http://nixontapeaudio.org/chile/517-004.pdf</ref> while KGB files smuggled out of Russia by [[Vasily Mitrokhin]] indicate that Allende received funds from the Soviet Union.<ref>http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/219461/pinochet-history/nro-symposium</ref> In the infamous "Cuban Packages Scandal" that precipitated his eventual ouster, large quantities of weapons were sent from [[Fidel Castro]]'s Cuba to arm pro-Allende terrorists in Chile.<ref>http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/219461/pinochet-history/nro-symposium</ref> Kissinger privately told Nixon that Allende might declare martial law.<ref>http://nixontapeaudio.org/chile/517-004.pdf</ref> By 1973, as a result of covert US aid to Chilean dissidents and financing of pro-democracy protestors, US intelligence indicated Allende would likely lose the next Chilean election if it was held.<ref>http://archive.frontpagemag.com/Printable.aspx?ArtId=15648</ref> Volodia Teitelboim, the chief ideologue of the Communist Party in Chile, declared that if civil war came, "it probably would signify immense loss of human lives, between half a million and one million."<ref>http://www.lyd.com/noticias/violencia/what_really.html</ref>

Allende was formally condemned by Chile's parliament, the Chamber of Deputies, in its Resolution of August 22, 1973<ref>https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Breakdown_of_Chile%E2%80%99s_Democracy “Declaration of the Breakdown of Chile’s Democracy”</ref>, which accused Allende of support of armed groups, torture, illegal arrests, muzzling the press, confiscating private property, and not allowing people to leave the country. The text of the Resolution was published in the government newspaper ''LA NACION'' on August 25, 1973, and (English translation by Chilean economist [[José Piñera]],'' "...it is their (the Chilean military's) duty to put an immediate end to all situations herein referred to that breach the Constitution and the laws of the land..."''

Two weeks later, on September 11, 1973, the Chilean military began the removal of the Allende regime. With the Presidential palace surrounded, Allende committed suicide with a gold-engraved [[AK-47]] given to him as a gift by Castro rather than be arrested.

This Chamber of Deputies legislatively authorized removal is ubiquitously and fallaciously referred to as a "coup" by those pushing or under the sway of Marxist propaganda. The coup, proper, began only when Army Commander-in-Chief [[Augusto Pinochet]], victorious, refused to return governmental power to the civilian legislature, and to rule instead at the head of a [[junta]].

The Senate Intelligence Committee under Senator [[Frank Church]] investigated US involvement and exonerated the Nixon administration of any unlawful activity.<ref>[http://www.foia.state.gov/Reports/ChurchReport.asp Church Report. Covert Action in Chile 1963-1973]. United States Senate. 94th Cong. 1st Ses. GPO 63-372. Washington. 1975.</ref><ref>Falcoff, Mark, [http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/Printable.asp?ID=10612 ''Kissinger and Chile''], Commentary Magazine, 10 November 2003.</ref>
<ref>[http://archives.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/americas/09/19/us.cia.chile.ap/]</ref>
<ref>[http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB8/ch01-01.htm]</ref>

==References==
<references />

==External links==
*[http://www.lyd.com/noticias/violencia/what_really.html ''What Really Happened In Chile 30 Years Ago''], James R. Whelan, Wall Street Journal Online, 12 September 2003.
*[https://www.cia.gov/cia/reports/chile/index.html CIA Activities in Chile], September 18, 2000.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Allende, Salvador}}
[[Category:Heads of State]]
[[Category:Conspiracy Theory]]
[[Category:Marxism]]
[[Category:Socialists]]

Salvador Allende

2016-04-18T22:38:43Z

Bezzle: removed irrelevant eulogizing for a dead pro-communist artist

[[File:USSR stamp Salvador Allende 1973 6k.jpg|thumb|A [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] stamp honoring Salvador Allende]]
'''Salvador Allende''' was a Chilean physician and politician. He ruled as the President of [[Chile]] from 1970 to 1973. A self-proclaimed "militant socialist" and [[demagogue]], his overthrow and death are very controversial.

==History==

Salvador Allende was was born July 26, 1908, in [[Valparaiso]]. Allende was a member of the [[Socialist Party of Chile]].

Allende, representing a coalition of [[Marxist]] parties,
came to power in 1970 after narrowly beating his closest opponent with 36.3 percent of the vote.<ref>[http://foia.state.gov/Reports/ChurchReport.asp]</ref>
Allende was outspoken in his intent to dramatically "transform" Chile according to socialist principles, which concerned moderate voters and politicians. The Chilean Congress voted to give Allende the presidency, in accordance with run-off rules in place at the time, but required Allende to sign a special statement promising that his reforms would always respect the constitution.

During his government, Allende instituted a plan called the "Chilean way to socialism" (''La vía chilena al socialism'') or "socialism within pluralism" in attempt to address the unequal distribution of wealth in the Chilean economy, but which led to widespread disruption and social polarisation. Upon assuming power Allende expropriated private sector business, middle class and [[bourgeois]] property and began to implement an agrarian reforms and a program to nationalise vital industry. Allende posted some of his supporters to oversee these expropriations and nationalisation, including David Silberman <ref>http://www.jta.org/1976/02/06/archive/family-of-former-chilean-jewish-official-seeking-his-where-abouts</ref> (disappeared) who was assigned to oversee the "nationalization" of Chile's largest copper industry: Chuquicamata. The media wrote extensively of Allende's failures. Strikes and shutdowns caused massive inflation and unrest, and the conservative-controlled Chilean Congress sought to reject Allende's proposals whenever possible, causing considerable political gridlock.

US intelligence reports implicated Allende in the assassination of several opponents,<ref>http://nixontapeaudio.org/chile/517-004.pdf</ref> while KGB files smuggled out of Russia by [[Vasily Mitrokhin]] indicate that Allende received funds from the Soviet Union.<ref>http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/219461/pinochet-history/nro-symposium</ref> In the infamous "Cuban Packages Scandal" that precipitated his eventual ouster, large quantities of weapons were sent from [[Fidel Castro]]'s Cuba to arm pro-Allende terrorists in Chile.<ref>http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/219461/pinochet-history/nro-symposium</ref> Kissinger privately told Nixon that Allende might declare martial law.<ref>http://nixontapeaudio.org/chile/517-004.pdf</ref> By 1973, as a result of covert US aid to Chilean dissidents and financing of pro-democracy protestors, US intelligence indicated Allende would likely lose the next Chilean election if it was held.<ref>http://archive.frontpagemag.com/Printable.aspx?ArtId=15648</ref> Volodia Teitelboim, the chief ideologue of the Communist Party in Chile, declared that if civil war came, "it probably would signify immense loss of human lives, between half a million and one million."<ref>http://www.lyd.com/noticias/violencia/what_really.html</ref>

Allende was formally condemned by Chile's parliament, the Chamber of Deputies, in its Resolution of August 22, 1973<ref>https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Breakdown_of_Chile%E2%80%99s_Democracy “Declaration of the Breakdown of Chile’s Democracy”</ref>, which accused Allende of support of armed groups, torture, illegal arrests, muzzling the press, confiscating private property, and not allowing people to leave the country. The text of the Resolution was published in the government newspaper ''LA NACION'' on August 25, 1973, and (English translation by Chilean economist [[José Piñera]],'' "...it is their (the Chilean military's) duty to put an immediate end to all situations herein referred to that breach the Constitution and the laws of the land..."''

Two weeks later, on September 11, 1973, the Chilean military began the removal of the Allende regime. With the Presidential palace surrounded, Allende committed suicide with a gold-engraved [[AK=47]] given to him as a gift by Castro rather than be arrested.

This Chamber of Deputies legislatively authorized removal is ubiquitously and fallaciously referred to as a "coup" by those pushing or under the sway of Marxist propaganda. The coup, proper, began only when Army Commander-in-Chief [[Augusto Pinochet]], victorious, refused to return governmental power to the civilian legislature, and to rule instead at the head of a [[junta]].

The Senate Intelligence Committee under Senator [[Frank Church]] investigated US involvement and exonerated the Nixon administration of any unlawful activity.<ref>[http://www.foia.state.gov/Reports/ChurchReport.asp Church Report. Covert Action in Chile 1963-1973]. United States Senate. 94th Cong. 1st Ses. GPO 63-372. Washington. 1975.</ref><ref>Falcoff, Mark, [http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/Printable.asp?ID=10612 ''Kissinger and Chile''], Commentary Magazine, 10 November 2003.</ref>
<ref>[http://archives.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/americas/09/19/us.cia.chile.ap/]</ref>
<ref>[http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB8/ch01-01.htm]</ref>

==References==
<references />

==External links==
*[http://www.lyd.com/noticias/violencia/what_really.html ''What Really Happened In Chile 30 Years Ago''], James R. Whelan, Wall Street Journal Online, 12 September 2003.
*[https://www.cia.gov/cia/reports/chile/index.html CIA Activities in Chile], September 18, 2000.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Allende, Salvador}}
[[Category:Heads of State]]
[[Category:Conspiracy Theory]]
[[Category:Marxism]]
[[Category:Socialists]]

Salvador Allende

2016-04-18T22:35:23Z

Bezzle: Elaboration: "Declaration of the Breakdown of Chile’s Democracy"

[[File:USSR stamp Salvador Allende 1973 6k.jpg|thumb|A [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] stamp honoring Salvador Allende]]
'''Salvador Allende''' was a Chilean physician and politician. He ruled as the President of [[Chile]] from 1970 to 1973. A self-proclaimed "militant socialist" and [[demagogue]], his overthrow and death are very controversial.

==History==

Salvador Allende was was born July 26, 1908, in [[Valparaiso]]. Allende was a member of the [[Socialist Party of Chile]].

Allende, representing a coalition of [[Marxist]] parties,
came to power in 1970 after narrowly beating his closest opponent with 36.3 percent of the vote.<ref>[http://foia.state.gov/Reports/ChurchReport.asp]</ref>
Allende was outspoken in his intent to dramatically "transform" Chile according to socialist principles, which concerned moderate voters and politicians. The Chilean Congress voted to give Allende the presidency, in accordance with run-off rules in place at the time, but required Allende to sign a special statement promising that his reforms would always respect the constitution.

During his government, Allende instituted a plan called the "Chilean way to socialism" (''La vía chilena al socialism'') or "socialism within pluralism" in attempt to address the unequal distribution of wealth in the Chilean economy, but which led to widespread disruption and social polarisation. Upon assuming power Allende expropriated private sector business, middle class and [[bourgeois]] property and began to implement an agrarian reforms and a program to nationalise vital industry. Allende posted some of his supporters to oversee these expropriations and nationalisation, including David Silberman <ref>http://www.jta.org/1976/02/06/archive/family-of-former-chilean-jewish-official-seeking-his-where-abouts</ref> (disappeared) who was assigned to oversee the "nationalization" of Chile's largest copper industry: Chuquicamata. The media wrote extensively of Allende's failures. Strikes and shutdowns caused massive inflation and unrest, and the conservative-controlled Chilean Congress sought to reject Allende's proposals whenever possible, causing considerable political gridlock.

US intelligence reports implicated Allende in the assassination of several opponents,<ref>http://nixontapeaudio.org/chile/517-004.pdf</ref> while KGB files smuggled out of Russia by [[Vasily Mitrokhin]] indicate that Allende received funds from the Soviet Union.<ref>http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/219461/pinochet-history/nro-symposium</ref> In the infamous "Cuban Packages Scandal" that precipitated his eventual ouster, large quantities of weapons were sent from [[Fidel Castro]]'s Cuba to arm pro-Allende terrorists in Chile.<ref>http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/219461/pinochet-history/nro-symposium</ref> Kissinger privately told Nixon that Allende might declare martial law.<ref>http://nixontapeaudio.org/chile/517-004.pdf</ref> By 1973, as a result of covert US aid to Chilean dissidents and financing of pro-democracy protestors, US intelligence indicated Allende would likely lose the next Chilean election if it was held.<ref>http://archive.frontpagemag.com/Printable.aspx?ArtId=15648</ref> Volodia Teitelboim, the chief ideologue of the Communist Party in Chile, declared that if civil war came, "it probably would signify immense loss of human lives, between half a million and one million."<ref>http://www.lyd.com/noticias/violencia/what_really.html</ref>

Allende was formally condemned by Chile's parliament, the Chamber of Deputies, in its Resolution of August 22, 1973<ref>https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Breakdown_of_Chile%E2%80%99s_Democracy “Declaration of the Breakdown of Chile’s Democracy”</ref>, which accused Allende of support of armed groups, torture, illegal arrests, muzzling the press, confiscating private property, and not allowing people to leave the country. The text of the Resolution was published in the government newspaper ''LA NACION'' on August 25, 1973, and (English translation by Chilean economist [[José Piñera]],'' "...it is their (the Chilean military's) duty to put an immediate end to all situations herein referred to that breach the Constitution and the laws of the land..."''

Two weeks later, on September 11, 1973, the Chilean military began the removal of the Allende regime. With the Presidential palace surrounded, Allende committed suicide with a gold-engraved [[AK=47]] given to him as a gift by Castro rather the be arrested

This Chamber of Deputies legislatively authorized removal is ubiquitously and fallaciously referred to as a "coup" by those pushing or under the sway of Marxist propaganda. The coup, proper, began only when Army Commander-in-Chief [[Augusto Pinochet]], victorious, refused to return governmental power to the civilian legislature, and to rule instead at the head of a [[junta]].

The Chilean National Commission on Truth and Reconciliation concluded in its 1991 report, "Within hours Chile's elected president, Salvador Allende, lay dead (this report concludes that he committed suicide), and a military junta presided by [[Augusto Pinochet]] took power."<ref>http://www.usip.org/library/tc/doc/reports/chile/chile_1993_introeng.html</ref> Many in the US vigorously protested both the CIA's alleged involvement in the coup, and the appalling human rights violations that followed, including the murder of Victor Jara, a popular songwriter and musician and ardent supporter of Allende. Jara was one of several thousand Chileans who were taken into custody the day after the coup. He was tortured for several days, then shot to death.<ref>http://www.usip.org/library/tc/doc/reports/chile/1993_pt3ch1_A2a2_153-167.html</ref>

The Senate Intelligence Committee under Senator [[Frank Church]] investigated US involvement and exonerated the Nixon administration of any unlawful activity.<ref>[http://www.foia.state.gov/Reports/ChurchReport.asp Church Report. Covert Action in Chile 1963-1973]. United States Senate. 94th Cong. 1st Ses. GPO 63-372. Washington. 1975.</ref><ref>Falcoff, Mark, [http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/Printable.asp?ID=10612 ''Kissinger and Chile''], Commentary Magazine, 10 November 2003.</ref>
<ref>[http://archives.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/americas/09/19/us.cia.chile.ap/]</ref>
<ref>[http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB8/ch01-01.htm]</ref>

==References==
<references />

==External links==
*[http://www.lyd.com/noticias/violencia/what_really.html ''What Really Happened In Chile 30 Years Ago''], James R. Whelan, Wall Street Journal Online, 12 September 2003.
*[https://www.cia.gov/cia/reports/chile/index.html CIA Activities in Chile], September 18, 2000.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Allende, Salvador}}
[[Category:Heads of State]]
[[Category:Conspiracy Theory]]
[[Category:Marxism]]
[[Category:Socialists]]

10mm Auto

2015-05-28T07:13:35Z

Bezzle: self-revert; .50 Action-Express is the most powerful currently-available semi-automatic round

The '''10mm Auto''' (10x25mm) is a cartridge for semi-automatic pistols, developed by firearms visionary Jeff Cooper and originally produced by ammunition manufacturer FFV Norma AB of Åmotfors, Sweden.

It was originally introduced in 1983 for the Bren Ten pistol, of ''Miami Vice'' fame. That pistol was later followed by the Colt Dela Elite and the Glock 20.

==Adoption and Rejection by the FBI==

In the late 1980s, the FBI adopted the 10mm round in the S&W 1076 pistol. This chambering was selected due to the Bureau's dissatisfaction with the performance of the .38 Special cartridge in the S&W revolver during the infamous 1986 Miami FBI shootout, in which special agents [[Gerald Dove]] and [[Benjamin Grogan]] were martyred by two criminals.

The FBI initially chose the 10mm Auto standard as being the most powerful then available for high-capacity semi-automatic handguns, with ammunition capable of exceeding 800 ft·lbf energy (doubling that of common 9mm rounds and handily exceeding the venerable .45 ACP). Shortly thereafter, the Bureau reversed its decision, switching instead to the .40 S&W cartridge, a round of the same 10mm diameter, but a shorter cartridge length (and less stopping power as a result of correspondingly reduced space for propellent in the cartridge).

The decision to change to the .40 S&W was caused by the inability of many FBI agents to cope with the recoil produced by a full-power combat cartridge. The length of the 10mm Auto cartridge necessitated a large frame handgun to accommodate the larger magazines and handle the stresses produced by the stronger round, meaning it was ill-suited to persons with small hands. At this point in the FBI's history, [[affirmative action]] programs had led to the hiring of a substantially different demographic than had been hired in the past. Further, many new recruits in the 1980s had generally been too young to have served in the [[Vietnam War]], which combined with a general urbanization of the United States as well as politico-cultural pressures against legal firearms ownership, left the FBI with a pool of candidates unfamiliar with and uncomfortable with firearms. Accordingly, a change was made to a less-powerful cartridge that could be easily handled by the average recruit.

FBI statistics do not indicate how many shootings have failed to stop a suspect due to the usage of a reduced power cartridge.

==Resurgence in popularity==
The 10mm Auto languished in relative obscurity after FBI rejection as well as the paucity of civilian handgun offerings available (the Bren Ten having a troublesome history and with a production run of only 1,500). But interest was revived with the introduction of the Glock 20 in 1991, and increased considerable with the reintroduction of the Delta Elite (a 10mm variant of 1911 design) in 2009 and the Generation 4 Clock 29 in 2010. Coming with three 15-round magazines, the Glock 20 set the a high bar for other manufacturers.

The 10mm is considered to possess adequate stopping for all North American wild animal threats, including brown bear (although care should be taken in choosing ammunition for that purpose, as heavier hard-cast loads are recommended over hollow-point personal defense rounds). After-market barrel and spring replacements (for the Glock 20's stock polygonal barrel and spring) are offered by several third-party manufacturers for Glock customers seeking the fire heavier loads or reloads.

Those competing in tactical shooting competitions (IDPA, IPSC) sometimes use the S&W 610 10mm revolver, since the 10mm cartridges can be united by a single "moon-clip", giving the shooter a reloading speed advantage over the traditional revolver.

[[Category: Guns]]

10mm Auto

2015-05-28T07:03:11Z

Bezzle: /* Adoption and Rejection by the FBI */ (as far as I know, 10mm auto is still the most powerful ammunition available for semi-automatics.)

The '''10mm Auto''' (10x25mm) is a cartridge for semi-automatic pistols, developed by firearms visionary Jeff Cooper and originally produced by ammunition manufacturer FFV Norma AB of Åmotfors, Sweden.

It was originally introduced in 1983 for the Bren Ten pistol, of ''Miami Vice'' fame. That pistol was later followed by the Colt Dela Elite and the Glock 20.

==Adoption and Rejection by the FBI==

In the late 1980s, the FBI adopted the 10mm round in the S&W 1076 pistol. This chambering was selected due to the Bureau's dissatisfaction with the performance of the .38 Special cartridge in the S&W revolver during the infamous 1986 Miami FBI shootout, in which special agents [[Gerald Dove]] and [[Benjamin Grogan]] were martyred by two criminals.

The FBI initially chose the 10mm Auto standard as being the most powerful available for high-capacity semi-automatic handguns, with ammunition capable of exceeding 800 ft·lbf energy (doubling that of common 9mm rounds and handily exceeding the venerable .45 ACP). Shortly thereafter, the Bureau reversed its decision, switching instead to the .40 S&W cartridge, a round of the same 10mm diameter, but a shorter cartridge length (and less stopping power as a result of correspondingly reduced space for propellent in the cartridge).

The decision to change to the .40 S&W was caused by the inability of many FBI agents to cope with the recoil produced by a full-power combat cartridge. The length of the 10mm Auto cartridge necessitated a large frame handgun to accommodate the larger magazines and handle the stresses produced by the stronger round, meaning it was ill-suited to persons with small hands. At this point in the FBI's history, [[affirmative action]] programs had led to the hiring of a substantially different demographic than had been hired in the past. Further, many new recruits in the 1980s had generally been too young to have served in the [[Vietnam War]], which combined with a general urbanization of the United States as well as politico-cultural pressures against legal firearms ownership, left the FBI with a pool of candidates unfamiliar with and uncomfortable with firearms. Accordingly, a change was made to a less-powerful cartridge that could be easily handled by the average recruit.

FBI statistics do not indicate how many shootings have failed to stop a suspect due to the usage of a reduced power cartridge.

==Resurgence in popularity==
The 10mm Auto languished in relative obscurity after FBI rejection as well as the paucity of civilian handgun offerings available (the Bren Ten having a troublesome history and with a production run of only 1,500). But interest was revived with the introduction of the Glock 20 in 1991, and increased considerable with the reintroduction of the Delta Elite (a 10mm variant of 1911 design) in 2009 and the Generation 4 Clock 29 in 2010. Coming with three 15-round magazines, the Glock 20 set the a high bar for other manufacturers.

The 10mm is considered to possess adequate stopping for all North American wild animal threats, including brown bear (although care should be taken in choosing ammunition for that purpose, as heavier hard-cast loads are recommended over hollow-point personal defense rounds). After-market barrel and spring replacements (for the Glock 20's stock polygonal barrel and spring) are offered by several third-party manufacturers for Glock customers seeking the fire heavier loads or reloads.

Those competing in tactical shooting competitions (IDPA, IPSC) sometimes use the S&W 610 10mm revolver, since the 10mm cartridges can be united by a single "moon-clip", giving the shooter a reloading speed advantage over the traditional revolver.

[[Category: Guns]]

10mm Auto

2015-05-28T07:02:08Z

Bezzle: more updating

10mm Auto

2015-05-28T06:38:56Z

Bezzle: corrections (Magnum carried a 1911 while Sonny Crocket carried the Bren Ten; 10mm Auto is nowhere close to .41 Magnum, as that's an 11mm round; it IS comprable to hot .357 Magnum) & misc improvements

The '''10mm Auto''' (10x25mm) is a cartridge for semi-automatic pistols, developed by firearms visionary Jeff Cooper and originally produced by ammunition manufacturer FFV Norma AB of Åmotfors, Sweden.

It was originally introduced in 1983 for the Bren Ten pistol, of ''Miami Vice'' fame. That pistol was later followed by the Colt Dela Elite and the Glock 20.

==Adoption and Rejection by the FBI==

In the late 1980s, the FBI adopted the 10mm round in the S&W 1076 pistol. This chambering was selected due to the Bureau's dissatisfaction with the performance of the .38 Special cartridge in the S&W revolver during the infamous 1986 Miami FBI shootout, in which special agents [[Gerald Dove]] and [[Benjamin Grogan]] were martyred by two criminals.

The FBI initially chose the 10mm Auto standard as being the most powerful then available for high-capacity semi-automatic handguns, with ammunition capable of exceeding 800 ft·lbf energy (doubling that of common 9mm rounds and handily exceeding the venerable .45 ACP). Shortly thereafter, the Bureau reversed its decision, switching instead to the .40 S&W cartridge, a round of the same 10mm diameter, but a shorter cartridge length (and less stopping power as a result of correspondingly reduced space for propellent in the cartridge).

The decision to change to the .40 S&W was caused by the inability of many FBI agents to cope with the recoil produced by a full-power combat cartridge. The length of the 10mm Auto cartridge necessitated a large frame handgun to accommodate the larger magazines and handle the stresses produced by the stronger round, meaning it was ill-suited to persons with small hands. At this point in the FBI's history, [[affirmative action]] programs had led to the hiring of a substantially different demographic than had been hired in the past. Further, many new recruits in the 1980s had generally been too young to have served in the [[Vietnam War]], which combined with a general urbanization of the United States as well as politico-cultural pressures against legal firearms ownership, left the FBI with a pool of candidates unfamiliar with and uncomfortable with firearms. Accordingly, a change was made to a less-powerful cartridge that could be easily handled by the average recruit.

FBI statistics do not indicate how many shootings have failed to stop a suspect due to the usage of a reduced power cartridge.

==Non-LEO usage==

The 10mm cartridge continues to enjoy a fringe popularity among certain firearms enthusiasts:
*Those who hunt medium mammals such as wild hog or deer utilize 10mm autopistols such as the [[Glock]] 20 or Colt Delta Elite.
*Those with the training to handle a full-power cartridge offer prefer the 10mm for self-defense.
*Those competing in tactical shooting competitions (IDPA, IPSC) sometimes use the S&W 610 10mm revolver, since the 10mm cartridges can be united by a single "moon-clip", giving the shooter a reloading speed advantage over the traditional revolver.

As of 2008, several companies have reintroduced 10mm products that had languished in past years, leading to hopes for the long-term viability of the cartridge, albeit more for the specialist than the average shooter.

[[Category: Guns]]

Rape jihad

2015-05-11T20:36:59Z

Bezzle: Rescued article from Wikipedia, where it was deleted shortly thereafter. Just a straight copy/paste dump at this point. Will need work to fix "red links".

'''Rape jihad''' refers to the organized abduction, rape and/or enslavement of non-Muslim women or children<ref name="Kern">{{cite web|url=http://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/3846/britain-child-grooming|title=Britain: "Rape Jihad" Against Children|last=Kern|first=Soeren|date=11 July 2013|publisher=Gatestone Institute|accessdate=13 December 2014}}</ref> by [[Islamic extremism|Islamic extremists]]. The term was used as early as 2004 in descriptions of Darfur and [[Beslan massacre|Beslan]],<ref name="spencer24092004">{{cite web|url=http://archive.frontpagemag.com/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=11278|title=The Rape Jihad|last=Spencer|first=Robert|authorlink=Robert Spencer (author)|date=24 September 2004|publisher=FrontPageMagazine.com|accessdate=13 December 2014}}</ref> and has since been applied to more recent incidents.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.issafrica.org/iss-today/sexual-terrorism-in-africa-a-case-of-two-crimes-in-one|title=Sexual terrorism in Africa: a case of two crimes in one|last=Salifu|first=Uyo|date=2 October 2013|publisher=Institute for Security Studies|accessdate=16 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.afternoonvoice.com/after-love-jihad-now-rape-jihad.html|title=After love jihad, now rape jihad|date=17 October 2014|work=Afternoon Voice|accessdate=16 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="greenfield">{{cite web|url=http://www.frontpagemag.com/2014/dgreenfield/rape-jihad-inside-isis-harem-for-captured-non-muslim-women/|title=Rape Jihad: Inside ISIS’ Harem for Captured Non-Muslim Women|last=Greenfield|first=Daniel|date=28 August 2014|publisher=FrontPageMag.com|accessdate=16 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=|title=Perfect Enemy: The Law Enforcement Manual of Islamist Terrorism|author=Dean T. Olson|page=176|isbn=978-0-398-07885-0|publisher=Charles C Thomas Publisher LTD|date=2009|accessdate=4 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=|title=Islamic Violence in America's Streets|author=Ronald K. Pierce|page=92|isbn=978-1-49173-681-4|publisher=iUniverse|date=2014|accessdate=4 April 2015}}</ref>.

== Justification ==
It has been claimed that disparaging attitudes toward non-Muslim women and girls are promoted in some [[mosque]]s<ref name="Dixon">{{cite web|last1=Dixon|first1=Hayley|title=‘Imams promote grooming rings’, Muslim leader claims|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/10061217/Imams-promote-grooming-rings-Muslim-leader-claims.html |publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=16 May 2013|accessdate=27 April 2015}}</ref> and that sexual predation of them is supported in religious text<ref name="McLoughlin">{{cite web|last1=McLoughlin|first1=Peter|title=“Easy Meat”: Multiculturalism, Islam and Child Sex Slavery|url=http://lawandfreedomfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Easy-Meat-Multiculturalism-Islam-and-Child-Sex-Slavery-05-03-2014.pdf |pages=222-258|publisher=Law and Freedom Foundation|date=March 2014|accessdate=27 April 2015}}</ref> as a form of [[sexual slavery]] sanctioned in [[Quran]]ic scriptures, such as ''[[surah|suras]]'' 4:24 and 33:50, in which sex is permitted with ''"[[Ma malakat aymanukum]]"'' (captive women).<ref name="mccarthy">{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/391814/isis-and-rape-jihad-andrew-c-mccarthy|title=ISIS and the Rape Jihad|last=McCarthy|first=Andrew|authorlink=Andrew C. McCarthy|date=3 November 2014|publisher=National Review Online|accessdate=16 December 2014}}</ref>

In its digital magazine, ''[[Dabiq (magazine)|Dabiq]]'', the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (ISIL) explicitly claimed religious justification for enslaving Yazidi women (see section following). Specifically, ISIL argued that the Yazidi were idol worshipers and appealed to the [[shariah]] practice of [[Prisoners of war in Islam|spoils of war]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Islamic State Seeks to Justify Enslaving Yazidi Women and Girls in Iraq|url=http://www.newsweek.com/islamic-state-seeks-justify-enslaving-yazidi-women-and-girls-iraq-277100 |accessdate=3 November 2014|work=Newsweek|agency=Reuters|date=13 October 2014}}</ref><ref>Athena Yenko, [http://au.ibtimes.com/articles/569402/20141013/islamic-state-dabiq-magazine-isis-slavery.htm#.VD7r9EnD_Gg "Judgment Day Justifies Sex Slavery Of Women – ISIS Out With Its 4th Edition Of Dabiq Magazine"] ''International Business Times-Australia'', October 13, 2014{{dead link|date=April 2015}}</ref><ref>Allen McDuffee, [http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/10/isis-confirms-and-justifies-enslaving-yazidis-in-new-magazine-article/381394/ "ISIS Is Now Bragging About Enslaving Women and Children,"] ''[[The Atlantic]]'', Oct 13 2014</ref><ref name="Abdelaziz - ISIS States Justification">{{cite news|last=Abdelaziz|first=Salma|title=ISIS states its justification for the enslavement of women|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/10/12/world/meast/isis-justification-slavery |publisher=[[CNN]]|date=13 October 2014|accessdate=1 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Spencer|first=Richard|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/islamic-state/11158797/Thousands-of-Yazidi-women-sold-as-sex-slaves-for-theological-reasons-says-Isil.html|title=Thousands of Yazidi women sold as sex slaves 'for theological reasons', says Isil|date=13 October 2014|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=3 November 2014}}</ref><ref>[http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21625870-jihadists-boast-selling-captive-women-concubines-have-and-hold "To have and to hold: Jihadists boast of selling captive women as concubines,"] ''[[The Economist]]'', Oct 18th 2014</ref><ref>By AFP, [http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/features/2014/10/13/ISIS-declares-return-of-slavery-.html "ISIS jihadists boast of enslaving Yazidi women,"] ''[[Al Arabiya]]'', October 13, 2014</ref> ISIL asserts that certain [[Hadith]] and [[Qur’an]]ic verses support their right to enslave and rape captive non-Muslim women.<ref name="Kumar">{{cite news|last=Kumar|first=Anugrah|title=ISIS Claims Islam Justifies Making 'Infidel' Women Sex Slaves|url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/isis-claims-islam-justifies-making-infidel-women-sex-slaves-128004|agency=CHRISTIAN POST CONTRIBUTOR|work=[[The Christian Post]]|date=13 October 2014|accessdate=1 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="Sypher - Rape">{{cite news|last= Sypher|first= Ford|title= Rape and Sexual Slavery Inside an ISIS Prison|url= http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/08/28/rape-and-sexual-slavery-inside-an-isis-prison.html|agency=Horror|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|date= 28 August 2014|accessdate= 5 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="Abdelaziz - ISIS States Justification" /> ISIL appealed to [[Islamic eschatology|apocalyptic beliefs]] and "claimed justification by a Hadith that they interpret as portraying the revival of slavery as a precursor to the end of the world."<ref>Nour Malas, [http://online.wsj.com/articles/ancient-prophecies-motivate-islamic-state-militants-1416357441 "Ancient Prophecies Motivate Islamic State Militants: Battlefield Strategies Driven by 1,400-year-old Apocalyptic Ideas,"] ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', November 18, 2014 (accessed November 22, 2014){{subscription required}}</ref> According to ''Dabiq,'' "enslaving the families of the [[kuffar]] and taking their women as concubines is a firmly established aspect of the Sharia’s that if one were to deny or mock, he would be denying or mocking the verses of the Qur'an and the narration of the Prophet … and thereby apostatizing from Islam."<ref name="Kumar"/><ref name="TZ - 10-14-2014">{{cite news|title= ISIL seeks to justify enslaving Yazidi women and girls in Iraq|url= http://www.todayszaman.com/national_isil-seeks-to-justify-enslaving-yazidi-women-and-girls-in-iraq_361547.html |agency=abril|publisher=''[[Today's Zaman]]''|date=14 October 2014|accessdate=2 January 2014}}</ref> In late 2014 ISIL released a pamphlet that focused on the treatment of female slaves.<ref name="Smith - ISIS Publish Pamphlet">Amelia Smith, [http://www.newsweek.com/isis-release-questions-and-answers-pamphlet-how-treat-female-slaves-290511 "ISIS Publish Pamphlet On How to Treat Female Slaves,"] ''[[Newsweek]]'', 12/9/2014</ref><ref name="Our faith condones"/><ref name="Lackey - Pamphlet provides guidelines">Katharine Lackey, [http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/12/13/pamphlet-islamic-state-guidelines-sex-slaves/20359049/ "Pamphlet provides Islamic State guidelines for sex slaves,"] ''[[USA Today]]'', December 13, 2014</ref> It says fighters are allowed to have sex with adolescent girls and to beat slaves as discipline. The pamphlet's guidelines also allow fighters to trade slaves, including for sex, as long as they have not been impregnated by their owner.<ref name="Smith - ISIS Publish Pamphlet"/><ref name="Our faith condones">{{cite news|title=Our faith condones raping underage slaves: ISIS publishes shocking guidebook telling fighters how to buy, sell and abuse captured women|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2872884/Our-faith-condones-raping-underage-slaves-ISIS-publishes-shocking-guidebook-telling-fighters-buy-sell-abuse-captured-women.html|author=Abul Taher|work=[[Daily Mail]]|date=13 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="Lackey - Pamphlet provides guidelines"/>

==Rape in war==
{{main|Jihadism|Wartime sexual violence}}
===History===
{{main|History of rape}}
Rape has accompanied warfare in virtually every known historical era.<ref>{{cite book |last= Levinson |first=Bernard M |title= Gender and Law in the Hebrew Bible and the Ancient Near East |url=http://books.google.com/?id=2rZnXQwPX8gC&dq=rape+in+warfare+ancient |page= 203 |year=2004 |isbn= 978-0-567-08098-1}}</ref> Mass rape of both women or youths regardless of gender was among the punitive measures that might be taken against captured towns by [[Ancient Greece|Greek]], [[Persian Empire|Persian]], or [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] troops.<ref>On ancient Rome, see Sara Elise Phang, ''Roman Military Service: Ideologies of Discipline in the Late Republic and Early Principate'' (Cambridge University Press, 2008), pp. 244, 253–254, 267–268 ''et passim''. See also [[Sexuality in ancient Rome#Sex in the military|Sex in the Roman military]].</ref> Female slavery and war rapes were also common during the medieval [[Arab slave trade]], where prisoners of war captured in battle from non-Arab lands often ended up as concubine slaves (who are considered free when their master dies).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/slavery_1.shtml#section_7 |title=Islam and slavery: Sexual slavery |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2014-04-30}}</ref>
During the [[Islamic Golden Age]], some Muslim jurists writing on [[Islamic military jurisprudence|military jurisprudence]] advocated severe penalties for rebels who use "stealth attacks" and practise [[kidnapping|abductions]], poisoning of water wells, [[arson]], attacks against wayfarers and travellers, [[assault]]s under the cover of night and [[rape]].<ref name = Fadl>Abou El Fadl, Khaled. [Commentary: Terrorism Is at Odds With Islamic Tradition]. Muslim Lawyers</ref>

The [[Lieber Code]] of 1863 codified the protection of civilians and stated that "all rape...[is] prohibited under the penalty of death"<ref name="Askin_35_36">{{harvp|Askin|1997|pp=35–36}}</ref> and subsequent [[Law of war|laws of war]] and [[humanitarian law]] have made maltreatment of civilians criminal.<ref name="black book">Nicolas Werth, Karel Bartošek, Jean-Louis Panné, Jean-Louis Margolin, Andrzej Paczkowski, [[Stéphane Courtois]], ''[[The Black Book of Communism]]: Crimes, Terror, Repression'', [[Harvard University Press]], 1999, hardcover, 858 pages, ISBN 0-674-07608-7, page 5.</ref> Slavery was formally abolished in nearly all countries by the mid 20th century,<ref>Murray Gordon. 'Slavery in the Arab World', New York: New Amsterdam, 1989, p. 234.</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4091579.stm | work=BBC News | title=Slavery: Mauritania's best kept secret | date=December 13, 2004 | accessdate=May 5, 2010}}</ref> though in the 21st century some Muslim scholars<ref>Khaled Abou El Fadl and William Clarence-Smith</ref> have expressed concern at a "worrying trend" of conservative [[Salafi]] Islamic scholars "reopening" the issue of slavery after its "closing" earlier in the 20th century when [[Majority Muslim countries|Muslim countries]] banned slavery and "most Muslim scholars" found the practice "inconsistent with Qur'anic morality."<ref>Abou el Fadl, ''Great Theft'', HarperSanFrancisco, c2005.</ref><ref>[http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/economicHistory/GEHN/GEHNPDF/Islam&SlaveryWGCS.pdf "Islam and Slavery", William G. Clarence-Smith]</ref>

===ISIL===
{{main|Sinjar massacre|Persecution of Yazidis by ISIL|Sexual violence in the Iraqi insurgency}}
In 2014, the ISIL raided [[Yazidis|Yazidi]] settlements in [[Iraq]], massacring the men and selling the women into sexual slavery.<ref name="Greenfield">{{cite news|last=Greenfield|first=Daniel |title=Rape Jihad: Inside ISIS’ Harem for Captured Non-Muslim Women|url=http://www.jewishvoiceny.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8449:rape-jihad-inside-isis-harem-for-captured-non-muslim-women&catid=125:iranian-threat&Itemid=331|agency=|work=[[Jewish Voice]]|date=3 September 2014|accessdate=27 February 2015}}</ref>

=== Boko Haram ===
{{main|Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping}}
In April 2014, during a raid on [[Chibok]], [[Boko Haram]], an Islamic Jihadist and terrorist organization based in northeast [[Nigeria]], took prisoner several hundred Christian schoolgirls, who, after efforts to secure their release [[Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping#Reaction|were ineffective]], were [[Slavery in 21st-century Islamism|sold in slave auctions]] to prospective husbands and forcibly converted to Islam.<ref name=csmonitor1>{{cite news|author=Howard LaFranchi|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Foreign-Policy/2014/0505/What-role-for-US-in-efforts-to-rescue-Nigeria-s-kidnapped-girls-video |title=What role for US in efforts to rescue Nigeria's kidnapped girls?|publisher=CSMonitor|date=5 May 2014|accessdate=9 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://therainbow.com.ng/tabloid/boko-haram-kidnapped-the-230-school-girls-as-wives-for-its-insurgents/ |title=Boko Haram kidnapped the 230 school girls as wives for its insurgents|work=The Rainbow|date=29 April 2014|accessdate=6 May 2014}}{{dead link|date=April 2015}}</ref><ref name=TelegApr30>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/10797454/Nigeria-kidnapped-schoolgirls-sold-as-wives-to-Islamist-fighters.html|title=Nigeria: kidnapped schoolgirls 'sold as wives to Islamist fighters'|first=Laura|last=Heaton|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=30 April 2014|accessdate=2 May 2014}}</ref> In May, a video in which Boko Haram leader [[Abubakar Shekau]] claimed responsibility for the kidnappings emerged; he claimed, ''"Allah instructed me to sell them...I will carry out his instructions."''<ref name =BBC>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-27283383|title=Boko Haram admits abducting Nigeria girls from Chibok|publisher=BBC News|date=5 May 2014|accessdate=5 May 2014}}</ref> and ''"[[Islamic views on slavery|Slavery is allowed in my religion]], and I shall capture people and make them [[Ma malakat aymanukum|slaves]]."''<ref name=CNNEssenceTerror>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/05/06/world/africa/nigeria-boko-haram-analysis/|agency=[[CNN]]|title=Boko Haram: The essence of terror|last=Lister|first=Tim|date=6 May 2014 |accessdate=13 May 2014}}</ref> He said the girls should not have been in school and instead should have been married since girls as young as nine are suitable for marriage.<ref name=BBC/><ref name=CNNEssenceTerror/>

=== Darfur ===
{{Main|Rape during the Darfur genocide}}
Throughout the ongoing [[genocide]] in the [[Darfur war]] in [[Sudan]], there has been a systematic campaign of rape,<ref name="spencer24092004">{{cite web|url=http://archive.frontpagemag.com/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=11278|title=The Rape Jihad|last=Spencer|first=Robert|authorlink=Robert Spencer (author)|date=24 September 2004|publisher=FrontPageMagazine.com|accessdate=13 December 2014}}</ref> which has been used as a [[war rape|weapon]] of war, in the [[ethnic cleansing]] of black Africans from the region.{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=107}}{{sfn|GOMA|2011}}{{sfn|Hagan|2005|p=531}} The majority of rapes have been carried out by the Sudanese government forces and the [[Janjaweed]] ("evil men on horseback"){{sfn|Straus|2005|p=126}} paramilitary groups.{{sfn|Hirsch|2012}}{{sfn|Hashim|2009|p=226}} The actions of the Janjaweed have been described as [[genocidal rape]], with not just women, but children also being raped, as well as babies being bludgeoned to death and the sexual mutilation of victims being commonplace.{{sfn|Rothe|2009|p=53}}{{sfn|Hagan|2005|pp=525–562}}

==Child sexual exploitation==
{{main|Commercial sexual exploitation of children|Child sexual abuse|Child grooming}}
=== UK grooming cases ===
{{main|Rotherham child sexual exploitation scandal|Rochdale sex trafficking gang|Derby sex gang|Oxford sex gang|Bristol sex gang|Telford sex gang|Peterborough sex abuse case}}

Widespread organized [[child sexual abuse]] took place in many places throughout [[England]], dating from 1997,<ref name="Kern"/><ref name="mccarthy"></ref><ref name="Britain">{{cite web|last1=Kern|first1=Soeren|title=Britain's "Rape Jihad" Crisis|url=http://www.realclearworld.com/articles/2013/07/13/britains_rape_jihad_crisis_105316.html |publisher=RealClearWorld|date=13 July 2013|accessdate=27 April 2015}}</ref><ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|last1=Jay|first1=Alexis|title=Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Exploitation in Rotherham (1997 - 2013)|url=http://www.rotherham.gov.uk/downloads/file/1407/independent_inquiry_cse_in_rotherham |page=92|website=http://www.rotherham.gov.uk|publisher=Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council|accessdate=26 August 2014}}</ref><ref name=BBC1Nov2013>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-south-yorkshire-24771229|title=Alexis Jay will lead child abuse failings probe at Rotherham|date=1 November 2013 | work=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=26 August 2014}}</ref> in which it was conservatively estimated that 1,400 children had been sexually abused in the city, predominantly by gangs of British-Pakistani men. Abuses described included [[child abduction|abduction]], [[rape]], [[torture]] and [[sex trafficking]] of children.<ref name=autogenerated1/><ref name=Saul26Aug2014>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/rotherham-child-abuse-report-finds-1400-children-subjected-to-appalling-sexual-exploitation-within-16year-period-9691825.html|title=Rotherham child abuse report finds 1,400 children subjected to 'appalling' sexual exploitation within 16-year period | work=[[The Independent]]|location=London|date=26 August 2014|first=Heather|last=Saul|accessdate=26 August 2014}}</ref><ref name=BBC26Aug2014>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-south-yorkshire-28939089|title=Rotherham child abuse scandal: 1,400 children exploited, report finds|date=26 August 2014|work=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=26 August 2014}}</ref><ref name="dutt">{{cite web|url=http://www.udayindia.in/english/content_27sept2014/cover-story.html|title=MYSTERY OF LOVE JIHAD|last=Dutt|first=Vijay|date=27 September 2014|publisher=Uday India|accessdate=14 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="guardian13032013">{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2013/mar/13/english-defence-league-sex-grooming|title=English Defence League exploiting sex-grooming fears, says report|last=Smith|first=Mark|date=13 March 2013|work=The Guardian|accessdate=16 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="bbc14052013">{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-22522232|title=Uncomfortable truths of child exploitation in Britain|last=Easton|first=Mark|date=14 May 2013|work=BBC.com|publisher=BBC|accessdate=16 December 2014}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Love jihad]]
* [[Sexual jihad]]
* [[Nikah Misyar]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Islamism}}

[[:Category:Violence against women]]
[[:Category:Rape]]
[[:Category:Islamism]]
[[:Category:Jihadism]]
[[:Category:Religion and violence]]
[[:Category:Sexual abuse]]
[[:Category:Islam and slavery]]