Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Public schools in the United States

2008-03-16T14:32:34Z

BobCherry:

[[Public schools]] in the [[United States]] are [[atheistic]] government institutions that employ 3 million workers, train 50 million students, and offer diplomas to the students who complete the 12th grade. Spoken [[prayer]] and display of the [[Ten Commandments]] are expressly forbidden in public schools' classrooms during school hours, and teaching of [[morality]] is implicitly disfavored.<ref>''See, e.g.'', ''[[Stone v. Graham]]'' (1980) (excluding Ten Commandments from public school).</ref><ref>A public school banned [[Bible]] study by children ... ''during recess''. A teacher complained about the use of the Bible and the principle then censored the study activity, according to a sworn statement by a teacher told to stop it. [http://knoxnews.com/news/2008/jan/03/recess-bible-study-spurs-lawsuit/]</ref> In the [[United Kingdom]], however, the term "public school" means the exact opposite of its American usage, and refers to the most expensive and prestigious ''private'' schools, such as [[Eton College]], [[Harrow]], and a few others.

In response to the perception that schools have stopped teaching morality, many state education departments have or are in the process of developing "morality" that avoid good and evil, right and wrong, and instead present under the heading of "character" education.<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3971/is_199910/ai_n8866284]</ref> The lack of appreciation for right and wrong can surprise outsiders, and even school principles. When one public school student was charged with [[felony]] [[computer crime]] for altering the grades of 20 students, the principal said, we "want to teach them what's right and wrong, and it's tough for some kids to catch on to the idea that changing grades is the wrong thing to do." [http://cw2.trb.com/news/kwgn-student-grade-felony,0,7871401.story]

== History ==

In 1647, [[Massachusetts]] [[Puritans]] enacted the second law, after Scotland in 1616,<ref>The Social, Economic & Political Reasons for the Decline of Gaelic in Scotland [http://www.scottishhistory.com/articles/highlands/gaelic/gaelic_page1.html]</ref> establishing universal public [[school]]s in the English-speaking world to block the attempts by "ould deluder Satan to keepe men from the whole knowledge of the Scriptures".<ref>''Family Encyclopedia of American History'' (Reader's Digest 1975)</ref> Each settlement larger than 50 families was required to pay a [[teacher|schoolmaster]] to teach reading, writing and religious doctrine to the [[children]] in the community. Beginning in 1670, Massachusetts provided [[taxation|tax]] funding for school maintenance. This model was then copied throughout the colonies, and even throughout the world.

Many children did not attend public school for the first two centuries. It was not until 1852 that Massachusetts became the first state to require attendance by students aged 6 through 16, and it was not until 1918 that all states had [[compulsory attendance]] laws. High schools did not generally exist until after the [[Civil War]], and [[kindergarten]] did not exist until it was created in St. Louis in 1873.

== Student Prayer in Public Schools ==

The White House announced the release of Revised Religious Guidelines for America's Public Schools on May 29, 1998. Within this announcement, President Clinton stated, "Nothing in the First Amendment converts our public schools into religion-free zones, or requires all religious expression to be left behind at the school house door." --President Clinton, July 12, 1995<ref>http://www.ed.gov/PressReleases/05-1998/wh-0530.html</ref>

In 2003, the Education Department released the following guidelines that clarified and added requirements to Public Schools to ensure the religious rights of students.<ref>http://www.freedomforum.org/templates/document.asp?documentID=17550</ref>

''Schools that don’t allow students to pray outside the classroom or that prohibit teachers from holding religious meetings among themselves could lose federal money, the Education Department said late last week.''

''The guidance reflects the Bush administration’s push to ensure that schools give teachers and students as much freedom to pray as the courts have allowed.''
''The department makes clear that teachers cannot pray with students or attempt to shape their religious views.''
''The instructions, released by the department on Feb. 7, broadly follow the same direction given by the Clinton administration and the courts. Prayer is generally allowed provided it happens outside the class and is initiated by students, not by school officials.''

''The department, however, also offered some significant additions, including more details on such contentious matters as moments of silence and prayer in student assemblies. And for the first time, federal funds are tied to compliance with the guidelines. The burden is on schools to prove compliance through a yearly report.''

== Prominent Americans educated at public schools before ''[[Engel v. Vitale]]''==

Given that [[public schools]] educate about 90% of Americans, it is astounding how few prominent [[Americans]] attended [[public school]] after the banning of school prayer in 1962. Nearly all the examples of prominent [[Americans]] who attended public school predate 1962 in their attendance:

*Ronald Reagan<ref>http://www.dixonil.com/reagan/reagan2.htm</ref> graduated from Dixon High School, Illinois
*Dwight D. Eisenhower<ref>http://www.eisenhower.archives.gov/press_releases/2007/PR07_11_August_02_2007_Eisenhower_Co_Sponsor_Little_Rock.pdf</ref> attended Abilene High School in Abilene, Kansas
*Richard M. Nixon<ref>http://www.nndb.com/edu/836/000068632/</ref> attended Fullerton and Whittier High Schools, California
*William J. Clinton<ref>http://www.hotsprings.org/things_to_do/historic_hotsprings/presidents_hometown.asp</ref> attended Hot Springs High School, Arkansas
*Gerald Ford<ref>http://www.visitgrandrapids.org/ford-facts.php</ref> attended Grand Rapids South High School, Michigan
*Lyndon B. Johnson<ref>http://www.nndb.com/people/062/000023990/</ref> attended Johnson City High School, Texas
*Harry S Truman<ref>http://www.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/103truman/103visual1.htm</ref> attended Independence High School, Missouri
*H. Ross Perot<ref>http://www.famoustexans.com/rossperot.htm</ref> attended public schools and Texarkana Junior College, Texas
*Richard Cheney<ref>http://www.nndb.com/people/598/000022532/</ref> graduated from Natrona County High School in Casper, Wyoming.
*Colin Powell graduated from Morris High School, NY in 1954 and received his B.A. in geology from the City College of New York in 1958 <ref>http://gale.cengage.com/free_resources/bhm/bio/powell_c.htm</ref>
*Billy Graham graduated from Sharon High School, NC in May 1936<ref>http://online-bibleconcordance.com/Ministers/BillyGraham.aspx</ref>
*Michael Medved graduated from Palisades High School, CA <ref>michaelmedved.townhall.com/About.aspx</ref>
*The Wright Brothers attended public schools in Richmond, India and Dayton OH but did not graduate <ref>http://www.kyrene.org/schools/brisas/sunda/inventor/wright/index.html</ref>
*Oliver North, US Army Officer, political commentator, graduated from Ockawamick High School in 1961. <ref>http://libraryoflibrary.com/E_n_c_p_d_Ollie_North.html</ref>
*Roy Jay Glauber, Nobel laureate, graduated from Bronx High School of Science, Bronx, NY in 1941. <ref>http://www.nndb.com/people/738/000138324/</ref>
*Frederick Reines, Nobel laureate, attended Union Hill High School, NJ, during the late 1930's. <ref>http://www.nndb.com/people/052/000099752/</ref>

== Celebrities, Businessmen, Astronauts, Nobel Laureates and Candidates who attended or graduated public schools after the mid-fifties ==

*Pat Tillman, NFL football player and US Army soldier graduated from Leland High School CA <ref>http://www.biography.com/search/article.do?id=197041</ref>
*Jeff Bezos, founder of Amazon.com, attended Miami Palmetto Senior High School FL.<ref>http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/bez0bio-1
</ref>
*Jerry Yang, co-founder of Yahoo.com, graduated from Sierramont Middle School, and Piedmont Hills High School, CA. <ref>http://goldsea.com/Innovators/Yangjerry/yangjerry3.html</ref>
*David Filo, co-founder of Yahoo.com graduated from Sam Houston High School TX. <ref>http://www.nndb.com/people/301/000123929/</ref>
*Kathryn D. Sullivan, NASA astronaut and first American woman to walk in space, graduated from Taft High School, Woodland Hills, California, in 1969. <ref>http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/sullivan-kd.html</ref>
*S. Christa Mcauliffe, astronaut participant, graduated from Marian High School, Framingham, Massachusetts, in 1966. <ref>http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/mcauliffe.html
</ref>
*Mae C. Jemison, NASA astronaut and first African-America woman in space, graduated from Morgan Park High School, Chicago, Illinois, in 1973. <ref>http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/jemison-mc.html
</ref>
*Ellen Ochoa, NASA astronaut and the first Hispanic-American woman astronaut, graduated from Grossmont High School, La Mesa, California, in 1975. <ref>http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/ochoa.html</ref>
*Jeana Yeager, aviator, graduated from Commerce High School GA in 1970.<ref>http://www.tamu-commerce.edu/mrp/pdf/today/12-07-05.pdf
</ref>
*[[Brad Pitt]], actor, graduated from Kickapoo High School in Springfield, Missouri, 1981. <ref>http://www.rolemodel.net/brad_pitt.cfm
</ref>
*[[Tom Cruise]], actor, attended several public high schools including Glen Ridge High School, New Jersey during the 1970's. <ref>http://www.nndb.com/people/791/000022725/
</ref>
*John Sununu, Senator, graduated from Salem High School in the 1970's. <ref>http://www.sununu.senate.gov/biography.html
</ref>
*[[John Edwards]], politician, attended public school in Robbins, N.C. during the 1960's.<ref>http://www.pbs.org/newshour/vote2004/primaries/edwards_bio.html</ref>
*Spike Lee, producer, actor, graduated from John Dewey High School, Brooklyn, NY.<ref>http://movies.nytimes.com/person/99175/Spike-Lee/biography</ref>
*[[Bill Gates]], founder of Microsoft, ''left'' public school after attending in Seattle until the age of twelve.<ref>http://www.thocp.net/biographies/gates_bill.htm</ref>
*Rush Limbaugh graduated from Central High School, MO in 1969 and attended Southeast Missouri State University for two semesters <ref>http://www.phillytalkradio.com/shows/show.php?show_id=limb</ref>
*John Cromwell Mather, Nobel laureate, graduated from Newton High School, Newton, NJ in 1964. <ref>http://www.nndb.com/people/915/000137504/</ref>
*George Fitzgerald Smoot, Nobel laureate, graduated from Upper Arlington High School, Upper Arlington, OH in 1962. <ref>http://www.nndb.com/people/921/000137510/</ref>
*Hugh David Politzer, Nobel laureate, graduated from Bronx High School of Science, Bronx, NY in 1966. <ref>http://www.nndb.com/people/716/000140296/</ref>
*Frank Wilczek, Nobel laureate, attended Martin Van Buren High School, Queens, NY, during the late 1960's. <ref>http://www.nndb.com/people/720/000140300/</ref>
*Laura Bush attended James Bowie Elementary School, San Jacinto Junior High School, and Midland Lee High School in Midland, Texas (Graduated 1964).<ref name="BushChildhood"/><ref name="BrittanicaLauraBush"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}
==See Also==
[[Teacher Pay]]
[[category:education]]
[[category:United States History]]

Arthur Conan Doyle

2008-03-15T22:44:24Z

BobCherry:

[[Image:Arthur Conan Doyle.jpg|140px|right]]
'''Sir Arthur Conan Doyle''' (Edinburgh 1859 - Crowborough 1930) was a [[British]] [[writer]] who was the creator of the fictitious detective [[Sherlock Holmes]]. Doyle's love of Holmes didn't match that of his fans, and at one point Doyle tried to kill Holmes off, only to bring him back under public outcry. In the end, although he tried his hand at other things, Doyle's primary accomplishment in life for which he is known is the Sherlock Holmes character.

::::''I have seen too much not to know that the impression of a woman may be more valuable than the conclusion of an analytical reasoner.''

Edgar Alan Poe and Bret Harte, were some of his favorite authors.

Doyle was an enthusiastic advocate of [[spiritualism]] and could be desribed as credulous: he was, for example, taken in by the [[Cottingley fairies]] hoax.

He was buried in Hampshire, England.

== Some books ==

*1887 - A Study in Scarlet
*1890 - The Sign of Four
*1892 - The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
*1894 - The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes
*1902 - The Hound of the Baskervilles
*1905 - The Return of Sherlock Holmes
*1912 - The Lost World (Professor Challenger)
*1915 - The Valley of Fear

Doyle's other works include science fiction stories, historical novels, plays and romances, poetry, and non-fiction.

== See also ==
*[[G.K. Chesterton]]
*[[Edgar Allan Poe]]

== External links ==
*[http://www.sherlockholmesonline.org/ Official web site of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle]
*[http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/a/arthur_conan_doyle.html Arthur Conan Doyle Quotes]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Doyle, Arthur Conan}}

[[Category:Authors]]

Football sports

2008-03-15T22:39:00Z

BobCherry:

'''Football''' sports include [[American Football]], [[Canadian Football]], [[Australian Rules Football]], [[soccer]], and [[rugby]].

The most popular of these football games is '''soccer''', generally known as "football" outside the U.S. It is played on a field where possession of a round ball is competed for by two teams of eleven people who (with the exception of the goalkeepers) may not touch the ball with their hands or arms. The aim of the game is to score goals by propelling the ball into the goal of the opposing team. The governing body is [[FIFA]], the International Federation of Football Associations. The name Soccer, a derivation from "Association Football", is most commonly used in countries such as the [[U.S.]] and [[Australia]] where other forms of football are more popular. This version of the game was derived in [[Great Britain]] and was the first to be professionalized. It is particularly popular in Europe, South America, Asia and Africa. Professional leagues exist in many countries, most notably in [[England]], [[Italy]] and [[Spain]]. The ultimate competition for this sport is the [[FIFA World Cup]] held every four years.

'''Rugby''' was derived in [[England]] at around the same time as Soccer, initially at [[Rugby School]]. This version uses an elliptical ball with the main aim being to ground the ball over the opponents' goal line to score a try. Kicking and passing are permitted, but all passes must be backward. There are two versions of the sport, [[Rugby Union]] and [[Rugby League]]. Each uses a different numbers of players and slightly different rules. Rugby is popular in the [[U.K.]], [[France]], [[Ireland]], [[Australia]], [[South Africa]], [[New Zealand]] and throughout the South Pacific. The ultimate competition for this sport is the [[Rugby World Cup]] held every four years.

'''American football''' was created in the nineteenth century and was derived from Rugby. Originally played at the college level, professional teams were created in 1920. This version uses a smaller ball than rugby and is the most popular form of football in the U.S. but is rarely played outside that country. The main difference from rugby is that the game is broken up into a series of plays, each ending when the ball touches the ground, and that for each play the offensive team is allowed one forward pass. In addition the ball does not need to be grounded to score, but simply carried into the end zone. The ultimate competition for this sport is the [[National Football League]].

{|cellpadding=2 border=1
|+ Three kinds of football sports
|-
| || Soccer || Rugby || American football
|-
|Ball shape || round || elliptical || elliptical
|-
|passing || unrestricted || backwards only || lateral + one forward pass per play
|-
|touchdown || n/a || ball grounded in endzone || ball in endzone in player's possession
|-
|goal || into opponent's net || kicked over opposing goal posts || kicked over opposing goal posts
|}

[http://cultureofsoccer.com/2007/03/06/soccer-by-any-other-name-2/]

==See also==
*[[Soccer]]
*[[National Football League]]
*[[History of Rugby]]
*[[History of American football]]

[[Category:Football]]
[[Category:Soccer]]
[[Category:Rugby]]

Neil Kinnock

2008-03-15T22:36:49Z

BobCherry:

'''Neil Gordon Kinnock''' (born 1942) was leader of the British [[Labour Party]] and [[Leader of the Opposition]] from 1983 to 1992; he led the party to defeat in two general elections, those of 1987 and 1992. His major achievement lies in starting the process of eliminating [[Trotskyist]] infiltration of the party by expelling [[Militant Tendency]]; this, coupled with a major review of policy, enabled the re-election of a Labour government in 1997.

[[Category:Politics]]

Neil Kinnock

2008-03-15T22:36:10Z

BobCherry:

'''Neil Gordon Kinnock''' (born 1942) was leader of the British [[Labour Party]] and [[Leader of the Opposition]] from 1983 to 1992; he led the party to defeat in two general elections, those of 1987 and 1992. His major achievement lies in starting the process of eliminating [[Trotskyist]] infiltration of the party by expelling [[Militant Tendency]]; this, coupled with a major review of policy, eanbled the re-election of a Labour government in 1997.

[[Category:Politics]]

Neil Kinnock

2008-03-15T22:33:40Z

BobCherry: New page: '''Neil Gordon Kinnock''' (born 1942) was leader of the British Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition from 1983 to 1992; he led the party to defeat in two general elections, th...

Hugh Gaitskell

2008-03-15T22:27:04Z

BobCherry:

'''Hugh Gaitskell''' (1906-1963) was leader of the British [[Labour Party]] and [[Leader of the Opposition]] from 1955 to 1963, when his untimely death allowed [[Harold Wilson]] to win the party leadership and, a year later, the office of [[Prime Minister]]. Gaitskell had previously served as Minister of Fuel and Power and as [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]] in the Labour government of [[Clement Attlee]], whom he succeeded as party leader. Gaitskell was identified strongly with the right wing of the Labour Party, and much of his time as party leader was taken up with policy disputes with the party's left wing or 'Bevanites', led by [[Aneurin Bevan]].

[[Category:Politicians]]

Leader of the Opposition

2008-03-15T22:25:12Z

BobCherry:

'''Leader of the Opposition''', or, more fully, '''Leader of Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition''', is a recognised and salaried post in the British [[Parliament]]. It is held by the leader of the largest opposition party (party not in government), and he or she also leads the [[Shadow Cabinet]]. The current Leader of the Opposition is the [[Conservative Party]] leader, [[David Cameron]].

[[Category:Politics]]

Leader of the Opposition

2008-03-15T22:24:29Z

BobCherry: New page: '''Leader of the Opposition''', or, more fully, '''Leader of Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition''', is a recognised and salaried post in the British Parliament. It is held by the leader of...

'''Leader of the Opposition''', or, more fully, '''Leader of Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition''', is a recognised and salaried post in the British [[Parliament]]. It is held by the leader of the largest opposition party (party not in government), and he or she also leads the [[shadow cabinet]]. The current Leader of the Opposition is the [[Conservative Party]] leader, [[David Cameron]].

[[Category:Politics]]

Hugh Gaitskell

2008-03-15T22:21:37Z

BobCherry: New page: '''Hugh Gaitskell''' (1906-1963) was leader of the British Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition from 1955 to 1963, when his untimely death allowed Harold Wilson to win the...

Harrow

2008-03-15T22:17:35Z

BobCherry:

'''Harrow''' is a district of north-west [[London]], located in the [[London Borough of Harrow]], and formerly part of the county of [[Middlesex]]. It is the location of Harrow School, one of Britain's most prestigious [[public school]]s.

==Famous Old Harrovians==

*Sir [[Winston Churchill]]
*Sir [[Mark Thatcher]]

[[Category:United Kingdom Towns and Cities]]
[[Category:Schools]]

Harrow

2008-03-15T22:17:08Z

BobCherry: New page: '''Harrow''' is a district of north-west London, located in the London Borough of Harrow, and formerly part of the county of Middlesex. It is the location of Harrow School, one...

Eton College

2008-03-15T22:12:52Z

BobCherry:

'''Eton College''', located in Eton, [[Berkshire]], [[England]], is one of Britain's most prestigious public (US = private) schools. It was founded in 1440 by King Henry VI as a charity school to provide free education for poor boys but ironically is now one of the most expensive schools in the country, charging around £26,000 (approx. US$53,000) per year for board and tuition.

== Famous Old Etonians ==
*[[Prince William of Wales]]
*[[Prince Henry of Wales]]
*[[David Cameron]], leader of the [[Conservative Party]]

[[category:United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Schools]]

Rugby School

2008-03-15T22:11:52Z

BobCherry:

'''Rugby School''' is a major public school (the equivalent of a private schhol in the US) in the town of [[Rugby, Warwickshire]], central [[England]]. It has three claims to fame: Thomas Arnold, its headmaster from 1828 to 1841, was the architect of the [[Victorian]] public school, with its emphasis on [[muscular Christianity]], sporting effort and the study of the classics; Arnold's reforms inspired the famous novel by Thomas Hughes, ''[[Tom Brown's Schooldays]]''; and the sport of [[Rugby Union]] was named after the school, having supposedly been invented by a scholar named William Webb-Ellis, who, according to legend, while playing [[football]], picked the ball up and ran with it.

==Further Information==
http://www.victorianweb.org/history/education/rugby/bradby.html

[[Category:Schools]]

Rugby School

2008-03-15T22:11:37Z

BobCherry:

Rugby School

2008-03-15T22:11:06Z

BobCherry: New page: '''Rugby School''' is a major public school (the equivalent of a private schhol in the US) in the town of Rugby, Warwickshire, central England. It has three claims to fame: Thomas ...

'''Rugby School''' is a major public school (the equivalent of a private schhol in the US) in the town of [[Rugby, Warwickshire]], central [[England]]. It has three claims to fame: Thomas Arnold, its headmaster from 1828 to 1841, was the architect of the [[Victorian]] public school, with its emphasis on [[muscular Christianity]], sporting effort and the study of the classics; Arnold's reforms inspired the famous novel by Thomas Hughes, ''[[Tom Brown's Schooldays]]''; and teh sport of [[Rugby Union]] was named after the school, having supposedly been invented by a scholar named William Webb-Ellis, who, according to legend, while playing [[football]], picked the ball up and ran with it.

==Further Information==
http://www.victorianweb.org/history/education/rugby/bradby.html

Talk:Metric to English conversions

2008-03-15T21:58:03Z

BobCherry: New page: This may be cultural confusion, but don't you mean Imperial Measurements? Or do you call them English in the US (so kind!)? ~~~~

This may be cultural confusion, but don't you mean Imperial Measurements? Or do you call them English in the US (so kind!)? [[User:BobCherry|BobCherry]] 17:58, 15 March 2008 (EDT)

Rugby (sport)

2008-03-15T21:53:20Z

BobCherry:

'''Rugby''' refers to the sports of [[rugby union]] and [[rugby league]], which are team sports popular in the UK, France, Ireland, Australia, South Africa, New Zealand and throughout the south Pacific region. It is similar in some ways to [[American Football]], being the original basis of American football's laws, and [[Australian Rules Football]].

Two teams of fifteen (rugby union) or thirteen (rugby league) players carry, pass (only backwards or lateral passes are allowed in Rugby) and kick the ball down the field in order to be able to touch the ball down over the opposition's try-line, (this being the comparative and the derivative of the end zone in America football). When the ball is touched down, it is known as a '''try'''. Scoring a try awards that team a certain amount of points: 5 in rugby union and 4 in rugby league. An '''attempt''' (or try, the original source of the word) '''at conversion''' is than allowed which is taken by kicking the ball from a stationary position on the ground (usually with the help of a kicking tee or a small mound of dirt) over the '''crossbars''' of the H-shaped posts which awards the team an additional 2 points. Other manners of scoring points is by penalty kick: worth 2 points in rugby league and 3 points in rugby union, or by drop goal:worth 1 point in rugby league and 3 points in rugby union. <ref>http://www.uidaho.edu/clubs/womens_rugby/RugbyRoot/rugby/Rules/LawBook/preface.html#object</ref>

Rugby League developed as a separate code after a number of teams, mainly in northern England, broke away from the governing body, the Rugby Union, in 1893 over the issue of professionalism. The Rugby Union demanded (with varying degrees of effectiveness) complete amateurism for the game; the newly-formed Rugby League allowed players to be paid. This split was in part a reflection of class differences between middle-and working-class players (there were more of the latter in the industrial towns of the north). However, it does not explain why the coal-mining valleys of south [[Wales]], one of the heartlands of the game, adhered to the amateur, Rugby Union code.

==References==

<References/>

==See also==
*[[History of rugby]]
*[[Touch football]]
*[[Rugby league]]

[[Category:Sports]]
[[Category:Rugby]]

Rugby (sport)

2008-03-15T21:49:30Z

BobCherry:

'''Rugby''' refers to the sports of [[rugby union]] and [[rugby league]], which are team sports popular in the UK, France, Ireland, Australia, South Africa, New Zealand and throughout the south Pacific region. It is similar in some ways to [[American Football]], being the original basis of American football's laws, and [[Australian Rules Football]].

Two teams of fifteen (rugby union) or thirteen (rugby league) players carry, pass (only backwards or lateral passes are allowed in Rugby) and kick the ball down the field in order to be able to touch the ball down over the opposition's try-line, (this being the comparative and the derivative of the end zone in America football). When the ball is touched down, it is known as a '''try'''. Scoring a try awards that team a certain amount of points: 5 in rugby union and 4 in rugby league. An '''attempt''' (or try, the original source of the word) '''at conversion''' is than allowed which is taken by kicking the ball from a stationary position on the ground (usually with the help of a kicking tee or a small mound of dirt) over the '''crossbars''' of the H-shaped posts which awards the team an additional 2 points. Other manners of scoring points is by penalty kick: worth 2 points in rugby league and 3 points in rugby union, or by drop goal:worth 1 point in rugby league and 3 points in rugby union. <ref>http://www.uidaho.edu/clubs/womens_rugby/RugbyRoot/rugby/Rules/LawBook/preface.html#object</ref>

==References==

<References/>

==See also==
*[[History of rugby]]
*[[Touch football]]
*[[Rugby league]]

[[Category:Sports]]
[[Category:Rugby]]

Five Nations Championship

2008-03-15T21:46:20Z

BobCherry: Redirecting to Six Nations Championship

#REDIRECT [[Six Nations Championship]]

Talk:Six Nations Championship

2008-03-15T21:44:56Z

BobCherry: New page: Ed, I changed back your edits as I think it needs to be stated that the 6 Nations is a Rugby Union contest, not a Rugby League on (as RL is played in all the 6 except Italy). The Rugby Uni...

Ed, I changed back your edits as I think it needs to be stated that the 6 Nations is a Rugby Union contest, not a Rugby League on (as RL is played in all the 6 except Italy). The Rugby Union link is redirected to a page entitled [[Rugby (Sport)]] which I think is the appropriate place to 'compare and contrast'. Cheers, [[User:BobCherry|BobCherry]] 17:44, 15 March 2008 (EDT)

Six Nations Championship

2008-03-15T21:42:56Z

BobCherry: See talk for explanation of reversion

The '''Six Nations Championship''' is a [[tournament]] for the main [[Rugby Union]] playing nations of the [[Northern Hemisphere]]: [[England]], [[France]], [[Ireland]], [[Italy]], [[Scotland]], [[Wales]]. Each side plays one match against every other side. Between 1910 and 1999 the competition was known as the 'Five Nations': England, France, Ireland, Scotland, Wales. Italy joined in 2000.

The winner of the 2008 Six Nations Championship is Wales, which also won the 'Triple Crown' (a title awarded to a team from England, Ireland, Scotland or Wales which defeats all its British Isles opponents) and the 'Grand Slam' (it defeated all the other sides).

[[Category:Sport]]
[[Category:Tournaments]]

User talk:BobCherry

2008-03-15T21:40:24Z

BobCherry:

you'd think he'd at least give me a reply instead of ignoring me
[[User:DLerner|DLerner]] 06:29, 15 March 2008 (EDT)
:lol such are the ways of ASchlafly [[User:BobCherry|BobCherry]] 06:31, 15 March 2008 (EDT)

If you know anything about [[rugby|rugger]], we're desperate for a coherent explanation. How is it different from [[American football]]? And what are the distinctions between the various rugby types like "Rugby Union"?

I'm really hoping to create a first class [[football]] article that highlights all three major sports:
*[[soccer]] - round ball on the ground into the net
*[[rugby]] - scrums, etc.
*[[football (NFL)]] - forward passes, touchdowns, and lots of tackling

Are you up to it? --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] <sup>[[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]]</sup> 17:37, 15 March 2008 (EDT)
I'll give it a go [[User:BobCherry|BobCherry]] 17:40, 15 March 2008 (EDT)

Talk:Modern science

2008-03-15T21:28:41Z

BobCherry: New page: Demonstrate that it is orderly. ~~~~

Demonstrate that it is orderly. [[User:BobCherry|BobCherry]] 17:28, 15 March 2008 (EDT)

Six Nations Championship

2008-03-15T21:27:26Z

BobCherry: 5 Nations up to 1999.

The '''Six Nations Championship''' is an international [[Rugby Union]] contest for the main rugby-playing nations of the [[Northern Hemisphere]]: [[England]], [[France]], [[Ireland]], [[Italy]], [[Scotland]], [[Wales]]. Each side plays one match against every other side. Between 1910 and 1999 the competition was known as the 'Five Nations': England, France, Ireland, Scotland, Wales. Italy joined in 2000.

The winner of the 2008 Six Nations Championship is Wales, which also won the 'Triple Crown' (a title awarded to a team from England, Ireland, Scotland or Wales which defeats all its British Isles opponents) and the 'Grand Slam' (it defeated all the other sides).

[[Category:Sport]]

Rugby Union

2008-03-15T21:22:56Z

BobCherry: Redirecting to Rugby (Sport)

#REDIRECT [[Rugby (Sport)]]

Rugby Union

2008-03-15T21:22:36Z

BobCherry: Redirecting to Rugby (sport)

#REDIRECT [[Rugby (sport)]]

Rugby

2008-03-15T21:20:51Z

BobCherry:

'''Rugby''' can refer to:

*[[Rugby (Sport)]]- Either of two related sports played in Britain, Ireland, France, South Africa, New Zealand, Australia and elsewhere.
*[[Rugby, Warwickshire]] - a town in the English midlands.
*[[Rugby School]] - a prominent British public school (US: private school)
*[[Rugby, North Dakota]]- A city in North Dakota.

[[Category:Disambiguation Pages]]

Six Nations

2008-03-15T21:18:53Z

BobCherry: Cymru am byth!

#REDIRECT [[Six Nations Championship]]

Six Nations Championship

2008-03-15T21:18:12Z

BobCherry: New page: The '''Six Nations Championship''' is an international Rugby Union contest for the main rugby-playing nations of the Northern Hemisphere: England, France, Ireland, [[It...

The '''Six Nations Championship''' is an international [[Rugby Union]] contest for the main rugby-playing nations of the [[Northern Hemisphere]]: [[England]], [[France]], [[Ireland]], [[Italy]], [[Scotland]], [[Wales]]. Each side plays one match against every other side.

The winner of the Six Nations Championship is Wales, which also won the 'Triple Crown' (a title awarded to a team from England, Ireland, Scotland or Wales which defeats all its British Isles opponents) and the 'Grand Slam' (it defeated all the other sides).

[[Category:Sport]]

Talk:Arthur Conan Doyle

2008-03-15T21:10:19Z

BobCherry: sign

Why is this page protected? ACD is hardly a figure of controversy. You might, btw, add a line about his strong belief in [[spiritualism]]. [[User:BobCherry|BobCherry]] 17:10, 15 March 2008 (EDT)

Talk:Arthur Conan Doyle

2008-03-15T21:10:05Z

BobCherry: New page: Why is this page protected? ACD is hardly a figure of controversy. You might, btw, add a line about his strong belief in spiritualism.

Why is this page protected? ACD is hardly a figure of controversy. You might, btw, add a line about his strong belief in [[spiritualism]].

Talk:Admiral E. W. Eberle

2008-03-15T11:15:46Z

BobCherry:

This is a cut and paste from Wikipedia. It is also extremely boring. [[User:BobCherry|BobCherry]] 07:09, 15 March 2008 (EDT)
:I believe the original creator was Bethany, who wouldn't have taken it from WP; the source, iirc was a PD reference book, so WP must have used the same original source. I will look into it. As for "boring", hehe well there are lots of things on CP and WP that I think are boring, but that alone isn't criteria to cull. [[Image:User Fox.png|10px]] [[User:Fox|Fox]] <small>([[User talk:Fox|talk]]|[[Special:Contributions/Fox|contribs]])</small> 07:12, 15 March 2008 (EDT)

::True enough, and I'm as guilty as anyone, but when I'm random paging it does sometimes feel luke USNavypedia... Anyway, welcome back. [[User:BobCherry|BobCherry]] 07:15, 15 March 2008 (EDT)

John Milton

2008-03-15T11:13:35Z

BobCherry:

'''John Milton''' (1608-74) was an English poet and writer, whose most famous work, the epic poem [[Paradise Lost]], is considered one of the greatest poems in the [[English]] language. The poem is written in [[blank verse]].

[[Category:Poets|Milton, John]]

Talk:Admiral E. W. Eberle

2008-03-15T11:09:11Z

BobCherry: A WP cut'n'paste job.

This is a cut and paste from Wikipedia. It is also extremely boring. [[User:BobCherry|BobCherry]] 07:09, 15 March 2008 (EDT)

User talk:BobCherry

2008-03-15T10:31:35Z

BobCherry:

Alongside

2008-03-15T10:28:21Z

BobCherry:

[[Image:Alongside.jpg|right|thumb|300px|A [[Royal Navy]] vessel "coming alongside"]]
'''Alongside''' is a phrase referring to the side of a [[ship]]. Goods delivered "alongside" are to be placed on the [[dock]] or [[barge]] within reach of the transport ship's tackle so that they can be loaded.<ref>U.S. Department of Transportation Maritime Administration [http://www.marad.dot.gov/publications/glossary/glossary.html]</ref> The term may be used also to describe a ship coming into dock, "coming alongside".

==References==
<references/>
[[Category:Shipping terms]]
[[Category:Dictionary]]