Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

https://www.conservapedia.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Bootiack Conservapedia - User contributions [en] 2026-10-18T01:52:25Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.35.14 https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Forth&diff=367732 Forth 2008-01-10T21:47:08Z

<p>Bootiack: forth Charles Moore</p> <hr /> <div>Forth is a programming language that can be an operating system as well created by Charles Moore.<br /> <br /> http://www.forth.org/whatis.html</div>

Bootiack https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Science_fiction&diff=367716 Science fiction 2008-01-10T21:24:48Z

<p>Bootiack: /* History of Science Fiction */</p> <hr /> <div>'''Science fiction''' is a form of [[literature]] that includes some form of speculation as to a possible [[science|scientific]] discovery, invention, or project that has not yet come to pass at the time of writing. Such a project is usually, but not always, intended as a metaphor for an unsettling social change, or a vehicle to introduce a discussion of such change. A speculative project may, but does not necessarily, violate the laws of nature as most scientists understand them. A speculative discovery may be either a new scientific law, or a revision of an existing law, or of an object, substance, environment, or even an entire [[civilization]] previously unknown to man.<br /> <br /> Alternatively, it may explore the implications of a ''kind'' of sentient being, society or civilization that is significantly different from any with which we are familiar at the time of writing. Such a kind would be a radical departure from anything that remotely resembles a human being, or the societies or civilizations that human beings have built.<br /> <br /> == History of Science Fiction ==<br /> Science Fiction is a genre of art that deals with concepts of mankind set against the extra ordinary or the fantastic. Magic space travel time travel aliens teleportation mind control dimensional travel and other things that are all totally at odds with what mankind "knows" is scientifically possible are used in many way to display ideas of the artist.<br /> <br /> Modern science fiction as most people understand it today began in 1818 with the novel ''[[Frankenstein]], or the Modern Prometheus'' by [[Mary Shelley]], with various works by [[Nathaniel Hawthorne]] and [[Edgar Allen Poe]], and with the novel ''[[The Strange Case of Doctor Jekyll and Mister Hyde]]'' by [[Robert Louis Stevenson]]. These works mainly were warnings to a brash mankind that some avenues of scientific investigation would be better left unexplored. The projects resulting from them, however much good they might promise, inevitably bring harm upon the investigator, those closest to him, and any number of innocent bystanders. This applies even to [[Jules Verne]] and his works (such as ''[[Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea]]'' and ''[[From the Earth to the Moon]]''), because the heroes in them almost always come to sad ends.<br /> <br /> Many of these works are also explorations of human psychology, or of philosophical questions regarding what man is. Stevenson's ''Jekyll and Hyde'', for example, investigates the problem of good and evil, and of the conflict between these forces within an individual.<br /> <br /> Toward the end of the nineteenth century, [[Herbert George Wells]] and [[Edgar Rice Burroughs]] sounded similar dark themes in their work. But their warnings were less about someone investigating something he shouldn't and more about possible dire futures for human civilization and the planet itself. Wells' ''[[The Time Machine]]'' is the best illustration of this concept. Wells also was among the first to speculate on [[Extraterrestrial life|extraterrestrial]] attacks upon the [[earth]], with his classic ''[[The War of the Worlds]]'' (1898).<br /> <br /> The twentieth century saw science fiction become far less serious in its purpose. The works of [[Hugo Gernsback]] and others were intended merely to entertain and amuse--in other words, to help the reader escape an unpleasant reality. But reality would soon reimpose itself on the imaginations of science-fiction writers. The nuclear attack on the [[Japan|Japanese]] cities of [[Hiroshima]] and [[Nagasaki]] inspired many writers to create [[monster|monsters]] ([[Godzilla]], [[Rodan]], ''etc.'') of tremendous size and destructive power comparable to the power of [[nuclear weapon]]s. Other writers speculated anew on the harms that can result from playing fast and loose with dangerous new forces--in this case, [[Atoms|atomic]] [[radiation]]. The deepening mutual scorn in which the [[United States of America]] and the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]] held one another, originally inspired works featuring [[Extraterrestrial life|extraterrestrial]] expeditionary forces coming to the earth to make war upon humanity (or occasionally to catch humanity in the crossfire). Later writers, editors, and producers, like [[Gene Roddenberry]] (of [[Star Trek]] fame), would speculate that humanity would expand on new voyages of discovery, only to end up fighting with enemies that looked and behaved very similarly to whatever power was foreign to the writer's nation-state of origin. This era would also see the writing of the ''[[Dune (novel series)|Dune]]'' series of novels by [[Frank Herbert]], in which humanity would expand throughout a vast region of the universe, only to divide into interstellar and trans-galactic versions of the civilizations then extant in the 1960's, and even have conflicts over natural resources that closely mirror the struggle for control of such resources, chiefly [[petroleum]], today.<br /> <br /> Eventually, however, this theme would give way to hopeful tales of [[God-substitute]]s promising to solve all humanity's problems, if humanity's leaders were smart enough not to provoke such people to war. However, [[George Lucas]], borrowing heavily from The Lord of the Rings by JRR Tolkein (Indeed it has been called the Lord of the Rings in Space), and somewhat from Frank Herbert's concepts for ''Dune'', would create a story arc (''[[Star Wars]]'') set in a far-distant [[galaxy]] that, as he now reveals, is a metaphor for his perception of the War in [[Vietnam]] and the role (which in Lucas' view is ''not'' flattering) of the [[United States of America]] in the civilized world today. In the process, Lucas combined the technological prowess shown by producer [[Stanley Kubrick]] in ''[[2001: A Space Odyssey]]'' with the production values and sensibilities of the science-fiction [[B movie]]s of the 1950's and 1960's to create the special-effects-laden "blockbuster" formula that dominates [[motion picture]]s today.<br /> <br /> == Science fiction and [[evolutionism]] influencing one another ==<br /> H. G. Wells' work is the best example of prevailing paradigms of scientific consensus influencing science fiction. The meme of evolution was quite strong in Wells' day, and this surely must have informed his projection of the [[evolution]] of man and of civilization into the dire picture he painted in ''The Time Machine''.<br /> <br /> The 1950s saw several [[Motion picture|films]] that borrowed plot-themes from evolution. Many of them used ''atavism'' (the retrogression of a species, or even an individual, to a stage of macro-evolution several [[Epoch|epochs]] in the past) as a plot-theme. Although many of these projects more properly belong to the genre called ''horror'' (from the [[Latin]] ''horreo'' I shudder), they all had a strong science-fiction element, using as they did a form of speculation on the progress (or alleged possible regress) of evolution.<br /> <br /> In that same era, the author [[Larry Niven]] created a story arc that began millions of years before the present with an apocalyptic war that destroyed every thinking being of the period. Life, presumably, had to re-evolve after that, but artifacts of that war--some of them very dangerous--remained.<br /> <br /> More recently, science fiction appears to have influenced "real-life" speculation. The Crick and Orgel theory of [[Panspermia#Directed panspermia|directed panspermia]] involves an obvious science-fiction device, namely a brace of interstellar or even intergalactic missiles and an extraterrestrial civilization to build and launch them. Crick and Orgel, in turn, influenced the successors of Gene Roddenberry to tell a story of the contact, on the part of humanity and its allied civilizations, with the very civilization that fired such a brace of missiles at earth and other worlds.<br /> <br /> Even more recently than this, [[Carl Sagan]] wrote a novel (''Contact'') in which he openly speculated on how the first "contact" with [[Extraterrestrial life|extraterrestrial]] explorers or "ambassadors" might unfold. This novel was subsequently adapted into [[motion picture|film]].<br /> <br /> == Faith-based science fiction? ==<br /> At first glance, such a concept might seem oxymoronic. However, a writer of science fiction might choose to limit his speculations strictly to those for which a [[Bible|Scriptural]] warrant exists, and to create a character or characters whose abiding faith informs their decisions and actions. A writer might also project his characters into a world that the [[Bible]] or [[creation science]] might predict, and evolutionary [[science]] might declare impossible.<br /> <br /> Plot-themes of recent faith-based science-fiction works have involved time travel, either real or virtual, to past human environments, for example to [[Jerusalem]] before its destruction by a [[Rome|Roman]] general<ref>Ingermanson, Randall Scott. ''The City of God Series'', including ''Transgression'', ''Premonition'', and ''Retribution''. Published by Bethany House Publishers in 2000, 2003, and 2004.</ref> or even to the civilization that might have existed shortly before the [[Great Flood]].<ref>[[Shane Johnson|Johnson, Shane]]. ''[[Ice (novel)|Ice: The Greatest Truths Lie in the Darkest Shadows]]''. Waterbrook Press, 2002.</ref>. [[Eschatology]] is possibly the most frequent theme in Christian science fiction today.<ref>See, for example, LaHaye, Timothy, and Jenkins, Jerry B. ''Left Behind: a Series of the Earth's Last Days''. Published by Tyndale House Publishers from 1995 to the present.</ref><br /> <br /> Neither has the Christian faith been the only faith to have science fiction based upon it. [[Television]] producer Glen A. Larson, in 1978, developed a short-lived series suggested by key tenets of his own [[Mormonism|Mormon]] faith.<ref>Lorenzen, Michael. "[http://www.michaellorenzen.com/galactica.html Battlestar Galactica and Mormonism].'' Publised on-line 2002. Accessed January 7, 2008.</ref><ref>Leventry, Ellen. "[http://www.beliefnet.com/story/166/story_16633_1.html Born again 'Battlestar': The Theology of 'Battlestar Galactica']." ''<http://www.beliefnet.com>''. Accessed January 7, 2008.</ref><ref>Editor unknown. "[http://theofantastique.blogspot.com/2007/10/james-mcgrath-on-religion-in-science.html James McGrath on Religion and Science Fiction: An Interview]." ''TheoFantastique''. Accessed January 7, 2008.</ref><br /> <br /> Beyond these examples, a science-fiction writer might create an entirely artificial religious system and set stories in it. This raises the question of where ''science'' fiction ends and the larger category of ''speculative'' fiction, that might or might not include the treatment of a scientific invention or development, begins.<br /> <br /> ==Other Subgenres==<br /> '''Cyberpunk''' stories, as pioneered by [[William Gibson]], often take place in a [[dystopia|dystopian]] near-future setting, usually populated mostly by criminals of one sort or another. These stories usually revolve around a [[hacker]] or similar [[anti-hero]], often working for only their own good.<br /> <br /> '''Hard science fiction''' stories usually place a lot of emphasis on possible technology, and scientific accuracy.<br /> <br /> '''Soft science fiction''' stories, on the other hand, focus more on the human side of things.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <references/><br /> <br /> == Related Links ==<br /> [http://www.nvcc.edu/home/ataormina/scifi/history/default.htm Science Fiction History]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Literature]]<br /> [[Category:Science fiction]]</div>

Bootiack https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Science_fiction&diff=367714 Science fiction 2008-01-10T21:23:45Z

<p>Bootiack: /* History of Science Fiction */</p> <hr /> <div>'''Science fiction''' is a form of [[literature]] that includes some form of speculation as to a possible [[science|scientific]] discovery, invention, or project that has not yet come to pass at the time of writing. Such a project is usually, but not always, intended as a metaphor for an unsettling social change, or a vehicle to introduce a discussion of such change. A speculative project may, but does not necessarily, violate the laws of nature as most scientists understand them. A speculative discovery may be either a new scientific law, or a revision of an existing law, or of an object, substance, environment, or even an entire [[civilization]] previously unknown to man.<br /> <br /> Alternatively, it may explore the implications of a ''kind'' of sentient being, society or civilization that is significantly different from any with which we are familiar at the time of writing. Such a kind would be a radical departure from anything that remotely resembles a human being, or the societies or civilizations that human beings have built.<br /> <br /> == History of Science Fiction ==<br /> Science Fiction is a genre of art that deals with concepts of mankind set against the extra ordinary or the fantastic. Magic space travel time travel aliens teleportation mind control dimensional travel and other things that are all totally at odds with what mankind "knows" is scientifically possible are used in many way to display ideas of the artist.<br /> <br /> Modern science fiction as most people understand it today began in 1818 with the novel ''[[Frankenstein]], or the Modern Prometheus'' by [[Mary Shelley]], with various works by [[Nathaniel Hawthorne]] and [[Edgar Allen Poe]], and with the novel ''[[The Strange Case of Doctor Jekyll and Mister Hyde]]'' by [[Robert Louis Stevenson]]. These works mainly were warnings to a brash mankind that some avenues of scientific investigation would be better left unexplored. The projects resulting from them, however much good they might promise, inevitably bring harm upon the investigator, those closest to him, and any number of innocent bystanders. This applies even to [[Jules Verne]] and his works (such as ''[[Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea]]'' and ''[[From the Earth to the Moon]]''), because the heroes in them almost always come to sad ends.<br /> <br /> Many of these works are also explorations of human psychology, or of philosophical questions regarding what man is. Stevenson's ''Jekyll and Hyde'', for example, investigates the problem of good and evil, and of the conflict between these forces within an individual.<br /> <br /> Toward the end of the nineteenth century, [[Herbert George Wells]] and [[Edgar Rice Burroughs]] sounded similar dark themes in their work. But their warnings were less about someone investigating something he shouldn't and more about possible dire futures for human civilization and the planet itself. Wells' ''[[The Time Machine]]'' is the best illustration of this concept. Wells also was among the first to speculate on [[Extraterrestrial life|extraterrestrial]] attacks upon the [[earth]], with his classic ''[[The War of the Worlds]]'' (1898).<br /> <br /> The twentieth century saw science fiction become far less serious in its purpose. The works of [[Hugo Gernsback]] and others were intended merely to entertain and amuse--in other words, to help the reader escape an unpleasant reality. But reality would soon reimpose itself on the imaginations of science-fiction writers. The nuclear attack on the [[Japan|Japanese]] cities of [[Hiroshima]] and [[Nagasaki]] inspired many writers to create [[monster|monsters]] ([[Godzilla]], [[Rodan]], ''etc.'') of tremendous size and destructive power comparable to the power of [[nuclear weapon]]s. Other writers speculated anew on the harms that can result from playing fast and loose with dangerous new forces--in this case, [[Atoms|atomic]] [[radiation]]. The deepening mutual scorn in which the [[United States of America]] and the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]] held one another, originally inspired works featuring [[Extraterrestrial life|extraterrestrial]] expeditionary forces coming to the earth to make war upon humanity (or occasionally to catch humanity in the crossfire). Later writers, editors, and producers, like [[Gene Roddenberry]] (of [[Star Trek]] fame), would speculate that humanity would expand on new voyages of discovery, only to end up fighting with enemies that looked and behaved very similarly to whatever power was foreign to the writer's nation-state of origin. This era would also see the writing of the ''[[Dune (novel series)|Dune]]'' series of novels by [[Frank Herbert]], in which humanity would expand throughout a vast region of the universe, only to divide into interstellar and trans-galactic versions of the civilizations then extant in the 1960's, and even have conflicts over natural resources that closely mirror the struggle for control of such resources, chiefly [[petroleum]], today.<br /> <br /> Eventually, however, this theme would give way to hopeful tales of [[God-substitute]]s promising to solve all humanity's problems, if humanity's leaders were smart enough not to provoke such people to war. However, [[George Lucas]], borrowing heavily from The Lord of the Rings by JRR Tolkein (Indeed it has been caleld the Lord of the Rings in Space), and somewhat from Frank Herbert's concepts for ''Dune'', would create a story arc (''[[Star Wars]]'') set in a far-distant [[galaxy]] that, as he now reveals, is a metaphor for his perception of the War in [[Vietnam]] and the role (which in Lucas' view is ''not'' flattering) of the [[United States of America]] in the civilized world today. In the process, Lucas combined the technological prowess shown by producer [[Stanley Kubrick]] in ''[[2001: A Space Odyssey]]'' with the production values and sensibilities of the science-fiction [[B movie]]s of the 1950's and 1960's to create the special-effects-laden "blockbuster" formula that dominates [[motion picture]]s today.<br /> <br /> == Science fiction and [[evolutionism]] influencing one another ==<br /> H. G. Wells' work is the best example of prevailing paradigms of scientific consensus influencing science fiction. The meme of evolution was quite strong in Wells' day, and this surely must have informed his projection of the [[evolution]] of man and of civilization into the dire picture he painted in ''The Time Machine''.<br /> <br /> The 1950s saw several [[Motion picture|films]] that borrowed plot-themes from evolution. Many of them used ''atavism'' (the retrogression of a species, or even an individual, to a stage of macro-evolution several [[Epoch|epochs]] in the past) as a plot-theme. Although many of these projects more properly belong to the genre called ''horror'' (from the [[Latin]] ''horreo'' I shudder), they all had a strong science-fiction element, using as they did a form of speculation on the progress (or alleged possible regress) of evolution.<br /> <br /> In that same era, the author [[Larry Niven]] created a story arc that began millions of years before the present with an apocalyptic war that destroyed every thinking being of the period. Life, presumably, had to re-evolve after that, but artifacts of that war--some of them very dangerous--remained.<br /> <br /> More recently, science fiction appears to have influenced "real-life" speculation. The Crick and Orgel theory of [[Panspermia#Directed panspermia|directed panspermia]] involves an obvious science-fiction device, namely a brace of interstellar or even intergalactic missiles and an extraterrestrial civilization to build and launch them. Crick and Orgel, in turn, influenced the successors of Gene Roddenberry to tell a story of the contact, on the part of humanity and its allied civilizations, with the very civilization that fired such a brace of missiles at earth and other worlds.<br /> <br /> Even more recently than this, [[Carl Sagan]] wrote a novel (''Contact'') in which he openly speculated on how the first "contact" with [[Extraterrestrial life|extraterrestrial]] explorers or "ambassadors" might unfold. This novel was subsequently adapted into [[motion picture|film]].<br /> <br /> == Faith-based science fiction? ==<br /> At first glance, such a concept might seem oxymoronic. However, a writer of science fiction might choose to limit his speculations strictly to those for which a [[Bible|Scriptural]] warrant exists, and to create a character or characters whose abiding faith informs their decisions and actions. A writer might also project his characters into a world that the [[Bible]] or [[creation science]] might predict, and evolutionary [[science]] might declare impossible.<br /> <br /> Plot-themes of recent faith-based science-fiction works have involved time travel, either real or virtual, to past human environments, for example to [[Jerusalem]] before its destruction by a [[Rome|Roman]] general<ref>Ingermanson, Randall Scott. ''The City of God Series'', including ''Transgression'', ''Premonition'', and ''Retribution''. Published by Bethany House Publishers in 2000, 2003, and 2004.</ref> or even to the civilization that might have existed shortly before the [[Great Flood]].<ref>[[Shane Johnson|Johnson, Shane]]. ''[[Ice (novel)|Ice: The Greatest Truths Lie in the Darkest Shadows]]''. Waterbrook Press, 2002.</ref>. [[Eschatology]] is possibly the most frequent theme in Christian science fiction today.<ref>See, for example, LaHaye, Timothy, and Jenkins, Jerry B. ''Left Behind: a Series of the Earth's Last Days''. Published by Tyndale House Publishers from 1995 to the present.</ref><br /> <br /> Neither has the Christian faith been the only faith to have science fiction based upon it. [[Television]] producer Glen A. Larson, in 1978, developed a short-lived series suggested by key tenets of his own [[Mormonism|Mormon]] faith.<ref>Lorenzen, Michael. "[http://www.michaellorenzen.com/galactica.html Battlestar Galactica and Mormonism].'' Publised on-line 2002. Accessed January 7, 2008.</ref><ref>Leventry, Ellen. "[http://www.beliefnet.com/story/166/story_16633_1.html Born again 'Battlestar': The Theology of 'Battlestar Galactica']." ''<http://www.beliefnet.com>''. Accessed January 7, 2008.</ref><ref>Editor unknown. "[http://theofantastique.blogspot.com/2007/10/james-mcgrath-on-religion-in-science.html James McGrath on Religion and Science Fiction: An Interview]." ''TheoFantastique''. Accessed January 7, 2008.</ref><br /> <br /> Beyond these examples, a science-fiction writer might create an entirely artificial religious system and set stories in it. This raises the question of where ''science'' fiction ends and the larger category of ''speculative'' fiction, that might or might not include the treatment of a scientific invention or development, begins.<br /> <br /> ==Other Subgenres==<br /> '''Cyberpunk''' stories, as pioneered by [[William Gibson]], often take place in a [[dystopia|dystopian]] near-future setting, usually populated mostly by criminals of one sort or another. These stories usually revolve around a [[hacker]] or similar [[anti-hero]], often working for only their own good.<br /> <br /> '''Hard science fiction''' stories usually place a lot of emphasis on possible technology, and scientific accuracy.<br /> <br /> '''Soft science fiction''' stories, on the other hand, focus more on the human side of things.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <references/><br /> <br /> == Related Links ==<br /> [http://www.nvcc.edu/home/ataormina/scifi/history/default.htm Science Fiction History]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Literature]]<br /> [[Category:Science fiction]]</div>

Bootiack https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Science_fiction&diff=367713 Science fiction 2008-01-10T21:23:17Z

<p>Bootiack: /* History of Science Fiction */</p> <hr /> <div>'''Science fiction''' is a form of [[literature]] that includes some form of speculation as to a possible [[science|scientific]] discovery, invention, or project that has not yet come to pass at the time of writing. Such a project is usually, but not always, intended as a metaphor for an unsettling social change, or a vehicle to introduce a discussion of such change. A speculative project may, but does not necessarily, violate the laws of nature as most scientists understand them. A speculative discovery may be either a new scientific law, or a revision of an existing law, or of an object, substance, environment, or even an entire [[civilization]] previously unknown to man.<br /> <br /> Alternatively, it may explore the implications of a ''kind'' of sentient being, society or civilization that is significantly different from any with which we are familiar at the time of writing. Such a kind would be a radical departure from anything that remotely resembles a human being, or the societies or civilizations that human beings have built.<br /> <br /> == History of Science Fiction ==<br /> Science Fiction is a genre of art that deals with concepts of mankind set against the extra ordinary or the fantastic. Magic space travel time travel aliens teleportation mind control dimensional travel and other things that are all totally at odds with what mankind "knows" in scientifically possible are used in many way to display ideas of the artist.<br /> <br /> Modern science fiction as most people understand it today began in 1818 with the novel ''[[Frankenstein]], or the Modern Prometheus'' by [[Mary Shelley]], with various works by [[Nathaniel Hawthorne]] and [[Edgar Allen Poe]], and with the novel ''[[The Strange Case of Doctor Jekyll and Mister Hyde]]'' by [[Robert Louis Stevenson]]. These works mainly were warnings to a brash mankind that some avenues of scientific investigation would be better left unexplored. The projects resulting from them, however much good they might promise, inevitably bring harm upon the investigator, those closest to him, and any number of innocent bystanders. This applies even to [[Jules Verne]] and his works (such as ''[[Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea]]'' and ''[[From the Earth to the Moon]]''), because the heroes in them almost always come to sad ends.<br /> <br /> Many of these works are also explorations of human psychology, or of philosophical questions regarding what man is. Stevenson's ''Jekyll and Hyde'', for example, investigates the problem of good and evil, and of the conflict between these forces within an individual.<br /> <br /> Toward the end of the nineteenth century, [[Herbert George Wells]] and [[Edgar Rice Burroughs]] sounded similar dark themes in their work. But their warnings were less about someone investigating something he shouldn't and more about possible dire futures for human civilization and the planet itself. Wells' ''[[The Time Machine]]'' is the best illustration of this concept. Wells also was among the first to speculate on [[Extraterrestrial life|extraterrestrial]] attacks upon the [[earth]], with his classic ''[[The War of the Worlds]]'' (1898).<br /> <br /> The twentieth century saw science fiction become far less serious in its purpose. The works of [[Hugo Gernsback]] and others were intended merely to entertain and amuse--in other words, to help the reader escape an unpleasant reality. But reality would soon reimpose itself on the imaginations of science-fiction writers. The nuclear attack on the [[Japan|Japanese]] cities of [[Hiroshima]] and [[Nagasaki]] inspired many writers to create [[monster|monsters]] ([[Godzilla]], [[Rodan]], ''etc.'') of tremendous size and destructive power comparable to the power of [[nuclear weapon]]s. Other writers speculated anew on the harms that can result from playing fast and loose with dangerous new forces--in this case, [[Atoms|atomic]] [[radiation]]. The deepening mutual scorn in which the [[United States of America]] and the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]] held one another, originally inspired works featuring [[Extraterrestrial life|extraterrestrial]] expeditionary forces coming to the earth to make war upon humanity (or occasionally to catch humanity in the crossfire). Later writers, editors, and producers, like [[Gene Roddenberry]] (of [[Star Trek]] fame), would speculate that humanity would expand on new voyages of discovery, only to end up fighting with enemies that looked and behaved very similarly to whatever power was foreign to the writer's nation-state of origin. This era would also see the writing of the ''[[Dune (novel series)|Dune]]'' series of novels by [[Frank Herbert]], in which humanity would expand throughout a vast region of the universe, only to divide into interstellar and trans-galactic versions of the civilizations then extant in the 1960's, and even have conflicts over natural resources that closely mirror the struggle for control of such resources, chiefly [[petroleum]], today.<br /> <br /> Eventually, however, this theme would give way to hopeful tales of [[God-substitute]]s promising to solve all humanity's problems, if humanity's leaders were smart enough not to provoke such people to war. However, [[George Lucas]], borrowing heavily from The Lord of the Rings by JRR Tolkein (Indeed it has been caleld the Lord of the Rings in Space), and somewhat from Frank Herbert's concepts for ''Dune'', would create a story arc (''[[Star Wars]]'') set in a far-distant [[galaxy]] that, as he now reveals, is a metaphor for his perception of the War in [[Vietnam]] and the role (which in Lucas' view is ''not'' flattering) of the [[United States of America]] in the civilized world today. In the process, Lucas combined the technological prowess shown by producer [[Stanley Kubrick]] in ''[[2001: A Space Odyssey]]'' with the production values and sensibilities of the science-fiction [[B movie]]s of the 1950's and 1960's to create the special-effects-laden "blockbuster" formula that dominates [[motion picture]]s today.<br /> <br /> == Science fiction and [[evolutionism]] influencing one another ==<br /> H. G. Wells' work is the best example of prevailing paradigms of scientific consensus influencing science fiction. The meme of evolution was quite strong in Wells' day, and this surely must have informed his projection of the [[evolution]] of man and of civilization into the dire picture he painted in ''The Time Machine''.<br /> <br /> The 1950s saw several [[Motion picture|films]] that borrowed plot-themes from evolution. Many of them used ''atavism'' (the retrogression of a species, or even an individual, to a stage of macro-evolution several [[Epoch|epochs]] in the past) as a plot-theme. Although many of these projects more properly belong to the genre called ''horror'' (from the [[Latin]] ''horreo'' I shudder), they all had a strong science-fiction element, using as they did a form of speculation on the progress (or alleged possible regress) of evolution.<br /> <br /> In that same era, the author [[Larry Niven]] created a story arc that began millions of years before the present with an apocalyptic war that destroyed every thinking being of the period. Life, presumably, had to re-evolve after that, but artifacts of that war--some of them very dangerous--remained.<br /> <br /> More recently, science fiction appears to have influenced "real-life" speculation. The Crick and Orgel theory of [[Panspermia#Directed panspermia|directed panspermia]] involves an obvious science-fiction device, namely a brace of interstellar or even intergalactic missiles and an extraterrestrial civilization to build and launch them. Crick and Orgel, in turn, influenced the successors of Gene Roddenberry to tell a story of the contact, on the part of humanity and its allied civilizations, with the very civilization that fired such a brace of missiles at earth and other worlds.<br /> <br /> Even more recently than this, [[Carl Sagan]] wrote a novel (''Contact'') in which he openly speculated on how the first "contact" with [[Extraterrestrial life|extraterrestrial]] explorers or "ambassadors" might unfold. This novel was subsequently adapted into [[motion picture|film]].<br /> <br /> == Faith-based science fiction? ==<br /> At first glance, such a concept might seem oxymoronic. However, a writer of science fiction might choose to limit his speculations strictly to those for which a [[Bible|Scriptural]] warrant exists, and to create a character or characters whose abiding faith informs their decisions and actions. A writer might also project his characters into a world that the [[Bible]] or [[creation science]] might predict, and evolutionary [[science]] might declare impossible.<br /> <br /> Plot-themes of recent faith-based science-fiction works have involved time travel, either real or virtual, to past human environments, for example to [[Jerusalem]] before its destruction by a [[Rome|Roman]] general<ref>Ingermanson, Randall Scott. ''The City of God Series'', including ''Transgression'', ''Premonition'', and ''Retribution''. Published by Bethany House Publishers in 2000, 2003, and 2004.</ref> or even to the civilization that might have existed shortly before the [[Great Flood]].<ref>[[Shane Johnson|Johnson, Shane]]. ''[[Ice (novel)|Ice: The Greatest Truths Lie in the Darkest Shadows]]''. Waterbrook Press, 2002.</ref>. [[Eschatology]] is possibly the most frequent theme in Christian science fiction today.<ref>See, for example, LaHaye, Timothy, and Jenkins, Jerry B. ''Left Behind: a Series of the Earth's Last Days''. Published by Tyndale House Publishers from 1995 to the present.</ref><br /> <br /> Neither has the Christian faith been the only faith to have science fiction based upon it. [[Television]] producer Glen A. Larson, in 1978, developed a short-lived series suggested by key tenets of his own [[Mormonism|Mormon]] faith.<ref>Lorenzen, Michael. "[http://www.michaellorenzen.com/galactica.html Battlestar Galactica and Mormonism].'' Publised on-line 2002. Accessed January 7, 2008.</ref><ref>Leventry, Ellen. "[http://www.beliefnet.com/story/166/story_16633_1.html Born again 'Battlestar': The Theology of 'Battlestar Galactica']." ''<http://www.beliefnet.com>''. Accessed January 7, 2008.</ref><ref>Editor unknown. "[http://theofantastique.blogspot.com/2007/10/james-mcgrath-on-religion-in-science.html James McGrath on Religion and Science Fiction: An Interview]." ''TheoFantastique''. Accessed January 7, 2008.</ref><br /> <br /> Beyond these examples, a science-fiction writer might create an entirely artificial religious system and set stories in it. This raises the question of where ''science'' fiction ends and the larger category of ''speculative'' fiction, that might or might not include the treatment of a scientific invention or development, begins.<br /> <br /> ==Other Subgenres==<br /> '''Cyberpunk''' stories, as pioneered by [[William Gibson]], often take place in a [[dystopia|dystopian]] near-future setting, usually populated mostly by criminals of one sort or another. These stories usually revolve around a [[hacker]] or similar [[anti-hero]], often working for only their own good.<br /> <br /> '''Hard science fiction''' stories usually place a lot of emphasis on possible technology, and scientific accuracy.<br /> <br /> '''Soft science fiction''' stories, on the other hand, focus more on the human side of things.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <references/><br /> <br /> == Related Links ==<br /> [http://www.nvcc.edu/home/ataormina/scifi/history/default.htm Science Fiction History]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Literature]]<br /> [[Category:Science fiction]]</div>

Bootiack https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Tomcat&diff=149796 Tomcat 2007-05-08T20:06:06Z

<p>Bootiack: New page: Tomcat is a java application and web server. www.apache.org has more see the link on the left. You can use tomcat to generate dynamic websites in java.</p> <hr /> <div>Tomcat is a java application and web server. www.apache.org has more see the link on the left. You can use tomcat to generate dynamic websites in java.</div>

Bootiack https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Erlang&diff=149653 Erlang 2007-05-08T19:06:03Z

<p>Bootiack: New page: http://www.sics.se/~joe/apachevsyaws.html here is a chart of yaws, a webserver in erlang outdoing apache, the most popular free webserver by 20X!! erlang is a powerful programming languag...</p> <hr /> <div>http://www.sics.se/~joe/apachevsyaws.html here is a chart of yaws, a webserver in erlang outdoing apache, the most popular free webserver by 20X!!<br /> <br /> erlang is a powerful programming language and free!!<br /> <br /> http://www.erlang.org/<br /> <br /> It was invented for telcom. Mnesia is a database in erlang.</div>

Bootiack https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Postgresql&diff=149569 Postgresql 2007-05-08T18:25:18Z

<p>Bootiack: New page: http://www.postgresql.org/ Postgresql is a fast free database that can be used to power BIG websites. Combine it with Linux and you are just a webserver and a big of programming short of...</p> <hr /> <div>http://www.postgresql.org/<br /> <br /> Postgresql is a fast free database that can be used to power BIG websites. Combine it with Linux and you are just a webserver and a big of programming short of making the next www.google.com</div>

Bootiack https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Bsd&diff=149563 Bsd 2007-05-08T18:21:39Z

<p>Bootiack: New page: BSD stands for Berkeley Standard Distribution, meaning University of califnoria at Berkeley. What is that? Free operating systems! You might have heard of linux? The BSD-s freebsd, ope...</p> <hr /> <div>BSD stands for Berkeley Standard Distribution, meaning University of califnoria at Berkeley. What is that? Free operating systems! You might have heard of linux? The BSD-s freebsd, openbsd, netbsd, and dragonflyBSD are also free, stable, come with tons of software, and can power huge websites! BSDs are also even mroe free tan linux in that you can grab them and make some product and not have to release your own code back onto the internet. Linux does that to make people share. Freebsd says you decide. You can burn a cd and isntall on your pc all free!! Openbsd is very secure and has many tool to keep hackers from breaking into your network, netBSD runs on handhelds up to mainframes, and freebsd is the most popular. You decide.</div>

Bootiack https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=GNU/Linux&diff=149554 GNU/Linux 2007-05-08T18:16:49Z

<p>Bootiack: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:Tuxie.jpg|thumb|right|"Tux", the Linux mascot|100px]]<br /> '''Linux''' is a [[UNIX]]-like operating system whose [[source code]] is distributed freely under the [[open source]] GNU [[General Public License]] (GPL). It was started in 1991 as a university project by Finnish student [[Linus Torvalds]] as a replacement for the [[Minix]] operating system.<br /> <br /> Originally the term "Linux" was used to refer to just the [[kernel]] developed by Torvalds, but today it is used interchangeably to refer to both the kernel and a complete operating system which includes the kernel, graphical user interface, file system and other software, collectively known as a ''distribution''. Major Linux distributions include [http://www.redhat.com/ Red Hat], [http://www.novell.com/linux/ Suse] and [http://www.ubuntu.com/ Ubuntu].<br /> <br /> The free software foundation helped Linux by already having ready many of the tools needed to round out the kernel into an operating system. Richard Stallman created the FSF to promote his idea that software should be free like ideas are free, and that corporations an lawyers should not attempt to copywrite things they did not invent. It was a perfect timing because the FSF did not have a working KERNEL, the basic core of an operating system; and linux filled that gap. Now free software users had a system that ran on a pc that was free and complete!!! Free from the internet!! Hacker Heaven!!<br /> <br /> Some purists call linux GNU/Linux bcause of the large amount of tools utilized by any linux distribution, but laziness and human lvoe of abbrevation make the common term linux out to mean a complete system, with the kernel, an X windows implementation for graphics, and numberous tools like filesystems, shells, that make a complete usible system. The GNU C compiler created by Stallman is perhaps the most important contribution since the linux kernel is written largely in C. <br /> <br /> Linux is a unix style operatiing system. It is known to run 6 or more of the world's top supercomputers. It has legendary reliability. Linux servers can run without reboot for years. It is worth mentioning that there are other free operating systems not based on the linux kernel that linux borrow from and has been a source of inspirationt to: namely freebsd, openBSD, netBSD, and dragonflyBSD, and the more recent Minix 3 and openSolaris. Free operating systems allow a great deal of new ideas to be tried and collaboration made possible by the internet makes teams easy to form. NetBSD is fameous for running on almost any hardware, OpenBSD is perhaps the moswt secure operating system in the world, and freeBSD has been powering computers for free since before linux became popular. Opensolaris is a free version of SUN microsystem's proprietary Solaris OS.<br /> <br /> Newer distribution of linux continually raise the bar for usibility and creativity. Archlinux, Gentoo, and Gobolinux are 3 interesting distributions.<br /> <br /> Owing to the nature of open source software, many variants of a Linux distribution may be created by using the original code and making changes to it to suit a particular need. For example, there is also a Ubuntu Christian Edition <ref> [http://www.whatwouldjesusdownload.com/christianubuntu/2006/07/about-ubuntu-christian-edition.html Ubuntu Christian Edition] </ref>.<br /> <br /> Mark Shuttleworth, who is the founder of the Ubuntu Linux distribution, said about the Satanic version of Kubuntu: "Ubuntu is a broad church! We manage to keep both [[GNOME Desktop|GNOME]] and [[KDE]] folks happy and collaborating constructively, so this should be no trouble at all. Our guiding rules are enshrined in the Ubuntu Code of Conduct<ref>[http://www.ubuntu.com/community/conduct]</ref>, and as long as all sides are following that, there’s no problem with derivatives that are focused on such diverse user bases."<ref>http://www.desktoplinux.com/news/NS2432715660.html</ref><br /> [[Image:Gnomesword large.png|right|thumb|250px|Screenshot of Ubuntu Christian Edition.]]<br /> Linux has become one the most commonly adopted operating systems in the world{{fact}}. While personal computers still overwhelmingly use [[Microsoft]] operating systems such as Windows XP, Linux is a common choice for web servers, file servers and embedded platforms, thanks to its perceived reliability, low/no cost, and the fact that modifications to the source code can readily be made by anyone.<br /> <br /> As an example, in March of 2007 the server hosting the the Consevapedia web site was running the Linux operating system[http://toolbar.netcraft.com/site_report?url=http://www.conservapedia.com]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <references /><br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://www.kernel.org/ The Linux Kernel Archives]<br /> *[http://www.linux-foundation.org/en/Main_Page The Linux Foundation]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Information technology]]</div>

Bootiack https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=GNU/Linux&diff=149549 GNU/Linux 2007-05-08T18:15:31Z

<p>Bootiack: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:Tuxie.jpg|thumb|right|"Tux", the Linux mascot|100px]]<br /> '''Linux''' is a [[UNIX]]-like operating system whose [[source code]] is distributed freely under the [[open source]] GNU [[General Public License]] (GPL). It was started in 1991 as a university project by Finnish student [[Linus Torvalds]] as a replacement for the [[Minix]] operating system.<br /> <br /> Originally the term "Linux" was used to refer to just the [[kernel]] developed by Torvalds, but today it is used interchangeably to refer to both the kernel and a complete operating system which includes the kernel, graphical user interface, file system and other software, collectively known as a ''distribution''. Major Linux distributions include [http://www.redhat.com/ Red Hat], [http://www.novell.com/linux/ Suse] and [http://www.ubuntu.com/ Ubuntu].<br /> <br /> The free software foundation helped Linux by already having ready many of the tools needed to round out the kernel into an operating system. Richard Stallman created the FSF to promote his idea that software should be free like ideas are free, and that corporations an lawyers should not attempt to copywrite things they did not invent. It was a perfect timing because the FSF did not have a working KERNEL, the basic core of an operating system; and linux filled that gap. Now free software users had a system that ran on a pc that was free and complete!!! Free from the internet!! Hacker Heaven!!<br /> <br /> Some purists call linux GNU/Linux bcause of the large amount of tools utilized by any linux distribution, but laziness and human lvoe of abbrevation make the common term linux out to mean a complete system, with the kernel, an X windows implementation for graphics, and numberous tools like filesystems, shells, that make a complete usible system. The GNU C compiler created by Stallman is perhaps the most important contribution since the linux kernel is written largely in C. <br /> <br /> Linux is a unix style operatiing system. It is known to run 6 or more of the world's top supercomputers. It has legendary reliability. Linux servers can run without reboot for years. It is worth mentioning that there are other free operating systems not based on the linux kernel that linux borrow from and has been a source of inspirationt to: namely freebsd, openBSD, netBSD, and dragonflyBSD, and the more recent Minix 3 and openSolaris. Free operating systems allow a great deal of new ideas to be tried and collaboration made possible by the internet makes teams easy to form. NetBSD is fameous for running on almost any hardware, OpenBSD is perhaps the moswt secure operating system in the world, and freeBSD has been powering computers for free since before linux became popular. Opensolaris is a free version of SUN microsystem's proprietary Solaris OS.<br /> <br /> Newer distribution of linux comintually raise the bar for fleability and creativity. Archlinux, Gentoo, and Gobolinux are 3 interesting distributions.<br /> <br /> Owing to the nature of open source software, many variants of a Linux distribution may be created by using the original code and making changes to it to suit a particular need. For example, there is also a Ubuntu Christian Edition <ref> [http://www.whatwouldjesusdownload.com/christianubuntu/2006/07/about-ubuntu-christian-edition.html Ubuntu Christian Edition] </ref>.<br /> <br /> Mark Shuttleworth, who is the founder of the Ubuntu Linux distribution, said about the Satanic version of Kubuntu: "Ubuntu is a broad church! We manage to keep both [[GNOME Desktop|GNOME]] and [[KDE]] folks happy and collaborating constructively, so this should be no trouble at all. Our guiding rules are enshrined in the Ubuntu Code of Conduct<ref>[http://www.ubuntu.com/community/conduct]</ref>, and as long as all sides are following that, there’s no problem with derivatives that are focused on such diverse user bases."<ref>http://www.desktoplinux.com/news/NS2432715660.html</ref><br /> [[Image:Gnomesword large.png|right|thumb|250px|Screenshot of Ubuntu Christian Edition.]]<br /> Linux has become one the most commonly adopted operating systems in the world{{fact}}. While personal computers still overwhelmingly use [[Microsoft]] operating systems such as Windows XP, Linux is a common choice for web servers, file servers and embedded platforms, thanks to its perceived reliability, low/no cost, and the fact that modifications to the source code can readily be made by anyone.<br /> <br /> As an example, in March of 2007 the server hosting the the Consevapedia web site was running the Linux operating system[http://toolbar.netcraft.com/site_report?url=http://www.conservapedia.com]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <references /><br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://www.kernel.org/ The Linux Kernel Archives]<br /> *[http://www.linux-foundation.org/en/Main_Page The Linux Foundation]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Information technology]]</div>

Bootiack https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=GNU/Linux&diff=149547 GNU/Linux 2007-05-08T18:14:42Z

<p>Bootiack: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:Tuxie.jpg|thumb|right|"Tux", the Linux mascot|100px]]<br /> '''Linux''' is a [[UNIX]]-like operating system whose [[source code]] is distributed freely under the [[open source]] GNU [[General Public License]] (GPL). It was started in 1991 as a university project by Finnish student [[Linus Torvalds]] as a replacement for the [[Minix]] operating system.<br /> <br /> Originally the term "Linux" was used to refer to just the [[kernel]] developed by Torvalds, but today it is used interchangeably to refer to both the kernel and a complete operating system which includes the kernel, graphical user interface, file system and other software, collectively known as a ''distribution''. Major Linux distributions include [http://www.redhat.com/ Red Hat], [http://www.novell.com/linux/ Suse] and [http://www.ubuntu.com/ Ubuntu].<br /> <br /> The free software foundation helped Linux by already having ready many of the tools needed to round out the kernel into an operating system. Richard Stallman created the FSF to promote his idea that software should be free like ideas are free, and that corporations an lawyers should not attempt to copywrite things they did not invent. It was a perfect timing because the FSF did not have a working KERNEL, the basic core fo an operating system; and linux filled that gap. Now free software users had a system that ran on a pc that was free and complete!!! Free from the internet!! Hacker Heaven!! <br /> Some purists call linux GNU/Linux bcause of the large amount of tools utilized by any linux distribution, but laziness and human lvoe of abbrevation make the common term linux out to mean a complete system, with the kernel, an X windows implementation for graphics, and numberous tools like filesystems, shells, that make a complete usible system. The GNU C compiler created by Stallman is perhaps the most important contribution since the linux kernel is written largely in C. <br /> Linux is a unix style operatiing system. It is known to run 6 or more of the world's top supercomputers. It has legendary reliability. Linux servers can run without reboot for years. It is worth mentioning that there are other free operating systems not based on the linux kernel that linux borrow from and has been a source of inspirationt to: namely freebsd, openBSD, netBSD, and dragonflyBSD, and the more recent Minix 3 and openSolaris. Free operating systems allow a great deal of new ideas to be tried and collaboration made possible by the internet makes teams easy to form. NetBSD is fameous for running on almost any hardware, OpenBSD is perhaps the moswt secure operating system in the world, and freeBSD has been powering computers for free since before linux became popular. Opensolaris is a free version of SUN microsystem's proprietary Solaris OS.<br /> Newer distribution of linux comintually raise the bar for fleability and creativity. Archlinux, Gentoo, and Gobolinux are 3 interesting distributions.<br /> <br /> Owing to the nature of open source software, many variants of a Linux distribution may be created by using the original code and making changes to it to suit a particular need. For example, there is also a Ubuntu Christian Edition <ref> [http://www.whatwouldjesusdownload.com/christianubuntu/2006/07/about-ubuntu-christian-edition.html Ubuntu Christian Edition] </ref>.<br /> <br /> Mark Shuttleworth, who is the founder of the Ubuntu Linux distribution, said about the Satanic version of Kubuntu: "Ubuntu is a broad church! We manage to keep both [[GNOME Desktop|GNOME]] and [[KDE]] folks happy and collaborating constructively, so this should be no trouble at all. Our guiding rules are enshrined in the Ubuntu Code of Conduct<ref>[http://www.ubuntu.com/community/conduct]</ref>, and as long as all sides are following that, there’s no problem with derivatives that are focused on such diverse user bases."<ref>http://www.desktoplinux.com/news/NS2432715660.html</ref><br /> [[Image:Gnomesword large.png|right|thumb|250px|Screenshot of Ubuntu Christian Edition.]]<br /> Linux has become one the most commonly adopted operating systems in the world{{fact}}. While personal computers still overwhelmingly use [[Microsoft]] operating systems such as Windows XP, Linux is a common choice for web servers, file servers and embedded platforms, thanks to its perceived reliability, low/no cost, and the fact that modifications to the source code can readily be made by anyone.<br /> <br /> As an example, in March of 2007 the server hosting the the Consevapedia web site was running the Linux operating system[http://toolbar.netcraft.com/site_report?url=http://www.conservapedia.com]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <references /><br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://www.kernel.org/ The Linux Kernel Archives]<br /> *[http://www.linux-foundation.org/en/Main_Page The Linux Foundation]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Information technology]]</div>

Bootiack https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=GNU/Linux&diff=149544 GNU/Linux 2007-05-08T18:13:57Z

<p>Bootiack: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:Tuxie.jpg|thumb|right|"Tux", the Linux mascot|100px]]<br /> '''Linux''' is a [[UNIX]]-like operating system whose [[source code]] is distributed freely under the [[open source]] GNU [[General Public License]] (GPL). It was started in 1991 as a university project by Finnish student [[Linus Torvalds]] as a replacement for the [[Minix]] operating system.<br /> <br /> Originally the term "Linux" was used to refer to just the [[kernel]] developed by Torvalds, but today it is used interchangeably to refer to both the kernel and a complete operating system which includes the kernel, graphical user interface, file system and other software, collectively known as a ''distribution''. Major Linux distributions include [http://www.redhat.com/ Red Hat], [http://www.novell.com/linux/ Suse] and [http://www.ubuntu.com/ Ubuntu].<br /> <br /> The free software foundation helped Linux by already having ready many of the tools needed to round out the kernel into an operating system. Richard Stallman created the FSF to promote his idea that software should be free like ideas are free, and that corporations an lawyers should not attempt to copywrite things they did not invent. It was a perfect timing because the FSF did not have a working KERNEL, the basic core fo an operating system; and linux filled that gap. Now free software users had a system that ran on a pc that was free and complete!!! Free from the internet!! Hacker Heaven!! <br /> Some purists call linux GNU/Linux bcause of the large amount of tools utilized by any linux distribution, but laziness and human lvoe of abbrevation make the common term linux out to mean a complete system, with the kernel, an X windows implementation for graphics, and numberous tools like filesystems, shells, that make a complete usible system. The GNU C compiler created by Stallman is perhaps the most important contribution since the linux kernel is written largely in C. <br /> Linux is a unix style operatiing system. It is known to run 6 or more of the world's top supercomputers. It has legendary reliability. Linux servers can run without reboot for years. It is worth mentioning that there are other free operating systems not based on the linux kernel that linux borrow from and has been a source of inspirationt to: namely freebsd, openBSD, netBSD, and dragonflyBSD, and the more recent Minix 3 and openSolaris. Free operating systems allow a great deal of new ideas to be tried and collaboration made possible by the internet makes teams easy to form. NetBSD is fameous for running on almost any hardware, OpenBSD is perhaps the moswt secure operating system in the world, and freeBSD has been powering computers for free since before linux became popular. Opensolaris is a free version of SUN microsystem's proprietary Solaris OS.<br /> Newer distribution of linux comintually raise the bar for fleability and creativity. Archlinux, Gentoo, and Gobolinux are 3 interesting distributions.<br /> <br /> Owing to the nature of open source software, many variants of a Linux distribution may be created by using the original code and making changes to it to suit a particular need. For example, there is also a Ubuntu Christian Edition <ref> [http://www.whatwouldjesusdownload.com/christianubuntu/2006/07/about-ubuntu-christian-edition.html Ubuntu Christian Edition] </ref>.<br /> <br /> Mark Shuttleworth, who is the founder of the Ubuntu Linux distribution, said about the Satanic version of Kubuntu: "Ubuntu is a broad church! We manage to keep both [[GNOME Desktop|GNOME]] and [[KDE]] folks happy and collaborating constructively, so this should be no trouble at all. Our guiding rules are enshrined in the Ubuntu Code of Conduct<ref>[http://www.ubuntu.com/community/conduct]</ref>, and as long as all sides are following that, there’s no problem with derivatives that are focused on such diverse user bases."<ref>http://www.desktoplinux.com/news/NS2432715660.html</ref><br /> [[Image:Gnomesword large.png|right|thumb|250px|Screenshot of Ubuntu Christian Edition.]]<br /> Linux has become one the most commonly adopted operating systems in the world{{fact}}. While personal computers still overwhelmingly use [[Microsoft]] operating systems such as Windows XP, Linux is a common choice for web servers, file servers and embedded platforms, thanks to its perceived reliability, low/no cost, and the fact that modifications to the source code can readily be made by anyone.<br /> <br /> As an example, in March of 2007 the server hosting the the Consevapedia web site was running the Linux operating system[http://toolbar.netcraft.com/site_report?url=http://www.conservapedia.com]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <references /><br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://www.kernel.org/ The Linux Kernel Archives]<br /> *[http://www.linux-foundation.org/en/Main_Page The Linux Foundation]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Information technology]]</div>

Bootiack https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=GNU/Linux&diff=149539 GNU/Linux 2007-05-08T18:11:45Z

<p>Bootiack: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:Tuxie.jpg|thumb|right|"Tux", the Linux mascot|100px]]<br /> '''Linux''' is a [[UNIX]]-like operating system whose [[source code]] is distributed freely under the [[open source]] GNU [[General Public License]] (GPL). It was started in 1991 as a university project by Finnish student [[Linus Torvalds]] as a replacement for the [[Minix]] operating system.<br /> <br /> Originally the term "Linux" was used to refer to just the [[kernel]] developed by Torvalds, but today it is used interchangeably to refer to both the kernel and a complete operating system which includes the kernel, graphical user interface, file system and other software, collectively known as a ''distribution''. Major Linux distributions include [http://www.redhat.com/ Red Hat], [http://www.novell.com/linux/ Suse] and [http://www.ubuntu.com/ Ubuntu].<br /> <br /> Owing to the nature of open source software, many variants of a Linux distribution may be created by using the original code and making changes to it to suit a particular need. For example, there is also a Ubuntu Christian Edition <ref> [http://www.whatwouldjesusdownload.com/christianubuntu/2006/07/about-ubuntu-christian-edition.html Ubuntu Christian Edition] </ref>.<br /> <br /> Mark Shuttleworth, who is the founder of the Ubuntu Linux distribution, said about the Satanic version of Kubuntu: "Ubuntu is a broad church! We manage to keep both [[GNOME Desktop|GNOME]] and [[KDE]] folks happy and collaborating constructively, so this should be no trouble at all. Our guiding rules are enshrined in the Ubuntu Code of Conduct<ref>[http://www.ubuntu.com/community/conduct]</ref>, and as long as all sides are following that, there’s no problem with derivatives that are focused on such diverse user bases."<ref>http://www.desktoplinux.com/news/NS2432715660.html</ref><br /> [[Image:Gnomesword large.png|right|thumb|250px|Screenshot of Ubuntu Christian Edition.]]<br /> Linux has become one the most commonly adopted operating systems in the world{{fact}}. While personal computers still overwhelmingly use [[Microsoft]] operating systems such as Windows XP, Linux is a common choice for web servers, file servers and embedded platforms, thanks to its perceived reliability, low/no cost, and the fact that modifications to the source code can readily be made by anyone.<br /> <br /> As an example, in March of 2007 the server hosting the the Consevapedia web site was running the Linux operating system[http://toolbar.netcraft.com/site_report?url=http://www.conservapedia.com]<br /> <br /> The free software foundation helped Linux by already having ready many of the tools needed to round out the kernel into an operating system. Richard Stallman created the FSF to promote his idea that software should be free like ideas are free, and that corporations an lawyers should not attempt to copywrite things they did not invent. It was a perfect timing because the FSF did not have a working KERNEL, the basic core fo an operating system; and linux filled that gap. Now free software users had a system that ran on a pc that was free and complete!!! Free from the internet!! Hacker Heaven!! <br /> Some purists call linux GNU/Linux bcause of the large amount of tools utilized by any linux distribution, but laziness and human lvoe of abbrevation make the common term linux out to mean a complete system, with the kernel, an X windows implementation for graphics, and numberous tools like filesystems, shells, that make a complete usible system. The GNU C compiler created by Stallman is perhaps the most important contribution since the linux kernel is written largely in C. <br /> Linux is a unix style operatiing system. It is known to run 6 or more of the world's top supercomputers. It has legendary reliability. Linux servers can run without reboot for years. It is worth mentioning that there are other free operating systems not based on the linux kernel that linux borrow from and has been a source of inspirationt to: namely freebsd, openBSD, netBSD, and dragonflyBSD, and the more recent Minix 3 and openSolaris. Free operating systems allow a great deal of new ideas to be tried and collaboration made possible by the internet makes teams easy to form. NetBSD is fameous for running on almost any hardware, OpenBSD is perhaps the moswt secure operating system in the world, and freeBSD has been powering computers for free since before linux became popular. Opensolaris is a free version of SUN microsystem's proprietary Solaris OS.<br /> Newer distribution of linux comintually raise the bar for fleability and creativity. Archlinux, Gentoo, and Gobolinux are 3 interesting distributions.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <references /><br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://www.kernel.org/ The Linux Kernel Archives]<br /> *[http://www.linux-foundation.org/en/Main_Page The Linux Foundation]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Information technology]]</div>

Bootiack https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Database&diff=149472 Database 2007-05-08T17:52:40Z

<p>Bootiack: New page: A database is a collection of data. A databae program is a program for sorting, storing, and manipulation of large amounts of data such that the user can get the information she needs qui...</p> <hr /> <div>A database is a collection of data. A databae program is a program for sorting, storing, and manipulation of large amounts of data such that the user can get the information she needs quickly. One would use a database for example to store all the names and addresses of the voting population of Los Angeles for example. Relational databases have become popular due to high speed. There are some big database vendors in the software business such as Oracle, IBM's DB2, SAP, SYBASE, microsoft sql server, Versant as well as some free software alternatives such as postgresql, firebird, and mysql. SQL created by EF Codd at IBM (see his paper the realtional model) is Structured Query Language, a language for manipulating large data tables within a database. Most relational databases have sql embedded withing them. Users ask for the data they write a "query" using sql and the database quickly returns the data. Versant is an example of an object oriented database. OODB-s offer a different strategy than relational db-s that some claim can lead to much greater speed. The market now seems to favor relational databases currently and only time will tell if OODB-s catch on.</div>

Bootiack https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Computer_Programming&diff=149455 Computer Programming 2007-05-08T17:38:28Z

<p>Bootiack: New page: Programming has a few definitions. The one I will concentrate on here is computer programming. The rise of the internet and the availability of free software allows one to erase (for exa...</p> <hr /> <div>Programming has a few definitions. The one I will concentrate on here is computer programming. The rise of the internet and the availability of free software allows one to erase (for example) windows from a pc, then place (for example) linux there. Linux has a nice desktop just like windows 2000. From there one can install a programming language. With a programming language one can program the computer to display almost anything. Yes this is all free. With these free tools, once one gains some proficiency, one can create websites to do e commerce, share photos, share video, enable databases, schedule things, provide email and almost anything else one can think up. There is a tremendous amount of opportunity for creativity and profit from computer programming. Just to sample some of the languages one can learn: lisp, haskell, smalltalk, perl, python, lua, php, ruby, erlang, c, forth, C++, java and the list goes on... One can also download a free database such as postgresql, firebird, or mysql. Free software is fun because one can play with and learn from the comfort of one's own home. Written tutorials abound on the web, and many corporations and government agencies are using free software so there are jobs and opportunities to start one own operation to solve problems as well.</div>

Bootiack https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Haskell&diff=149451 Haskell 2007-05-08T17:31:39Z

<p>Bootiack: New page: Haskell (www.haskell.org) is an extremely powerful programming language with free implementations that run on linux and other computers. Haskell is used by many universities for advanced ...</p> <hr /> <div>Haskell (www.haskell.org) is an extremely powerful programming language with free implementations that run on linux and other computers. Haskell is used by many universities for advanced research since its abilities are amazing. For profit enterprises using haskell have no "big names" in the media but from many reports haskell allows programmers to get much more work done in shorter times with fewer errors. www.happs.org is a haskell web server for creating dynamic web sites. Haskell can be downloaded free and learned on a home computer.</div>

Bootiack https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Lisp&diff=149439 Lisp 2007-05-08T17:26:10Z

<p>Bootiack: New page: Lisp is a programmible programming langauge. It has many amazing abilities and ITA software uses it to power orbitz.com. Lisp stands for list processor. Lisp starts with a few basic abi...</p> <hr /> <div>Lisp is a programmible programming langauge. It has many amazing abilities and ITA software uses it to power orbitz.com. Lisp stands for list processor. Lisp starts with a few basic abilities but from them almost any programming concept one can think of can be embodied. It is used at MIT to teach computer programming. Lisp can be learned at home. Paul Graham used it to create what became yahoo store for beinging your storefront onto the web way back in 1995. Lisp is said to be able to steal any ability from any other programming language. The two most commonly used lisps today are scheme and common lisp. Lisp is being used at many labs and universities for advanced research into what computers can be commanded programmed to do and how easily. Pltscheme, scsh, sbcl, mitscheme, and clisp are all free software implementations. Free books on lisp include(among many), On lisp, Successful lisp, A Gentle introduction to symbolic computation, How to design programs, SICP from MIT (considered on of the greatest computer science teaching books of all time), and Practical common lisp. Paul Graham has some great lisp quotes and essays on www.paulgraham.com. Lisp runs on Linux, so one can have a computer running 100% free software and a good lisp as a home lab.</div>

Bootiack https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Perl&diff=149417 Perl 2007-05-08T17:15:03Z

<p>Bootiack: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div>'''Perl''' is a [[scripting language]] that attempts to combine the perceived convenience of [[bash]] with the power of [[awk]].<br /> <br /> It is known for its powerful handling of [[regular expressions]], and its philosophy of 'more than one way to do it'.<br /> <br /> Some have criticised it for its very flexibility, pointing out that it is too easy to write code that is unreadable and does not do what one would expect. Some claim that this is its strange beauty - indeed there exists such a thing as Perl poetry, in which working programs are made to resemble English text.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.unix.org.ua/orelly/perl/prog3/ch27_02.htm Some Perl poetry]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Information technology]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Perl was created by Larry Wall to help him get his work done, and has been improved by many people accross the internet. Perl when combined with other free software can be used to create large web sites with softwre that is free. LAMP is a popular term for the combination of perl (programming language) apache (web server) mysql (relational database) and linux (operating system) which are all free and together allow the construction of fast database-backed scalable websites. Perl has a powerful user created library of software called CPAN. Programs for science, math, online advertizing, and almost any purpose can be downloaded for free from CPAN. Perl can be learned at home and competent programmers can make $50/hr and up. One complaint about perl is that programs done in perl are hard to read when they are revisited later. This is a symptom of the felaxability of perl since there are many shortcuts and ways to do things. Perl can be easily written to be simple to read. Perl frameworks are now becoming popular. A Framework is a set of companion programs to LAMP that add more abilities and provide solutions to other common problems of building websites. Catalyst, gantry, jifty, and BOP are examples of frameworks. Perl users chat on the free IRC chat on the freenode server. If you are nice they will answer a question live.</div>

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