Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Cauchy sequence

2008-09-25T00:40:46Z

Bronzefinger: Correct incorrect definition - the definition before was for convergent sequences, not Cauchy sequences - Also expand article

In [[Mathematics]], a '''Cauchy sequence''' is an infinite sequence the members of which get progressively closer to each other. More formally, a Cauchy sequence, <math>a_1, a_2, ... a_n</math>, in a [[metric space]] M, with distance function d, is a sequence such that for any positive real number e, there is some integer N, such that <math>d(a_n, a_m) < e</math>, whenever n and m are greater than N.

All [[convergent]] sequences, those sequences that get progressively closer to a [[limit]], are Cauchy sequences. However, the reverse is not true. For example, the sequence 3,3.1, 3.14 (approximations of the value of [[Pi]]), is Cauchy, however, they are not convergent in the [[rational number]]s. The sequence is convergent in the real numbers, with the limit Pi.

A metric space where all Cauchy sequences are convergent is said to be [[complete]]. For any metric space, there exists a complete metric space, containing it. Thus, in one sense every Cauchy sequence is convergent to a limit, but in a larger set than that considered, when defining the sequence. In the case of the rational numbers, <math>\mathbb{Q}</math>, which is not complete, the larger set (called the [[completion]]) of <math>\mathbb{Q}</math>, is the set of real numbers, <math>\mathbb{R}</math>. The sequence above has a limit, in the set of real numbers, but not in the set of rational numbers.

==External Links==

*[http://mathworld.wolfram.com/CauchySequence.html "Cauchy Sequence" From MathWorld]
*[http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Completion.html "Completion" From MathWorld]

[[Category:Mathematics]]

Radial symmetry

2008-09-10T13:11:31Z

Bronzefinger: copyedit - previous version didn't make sense

'''Radial symmetry''' is the property possessed by an [[organism]] if it can be cut into two identical halves by any longitudinal cut through its center.<ref>Wile, Dr. Jay L. ''Exploring Creation With Biology''. Apologia
Educational Ministries, Inc. 1998</ref> An example of a radially symmetric organism could be a starfish.

==References==

<references/>

[[Category:Biology]]

Savings rate

2008-09-03T17:10:35Z

Bronzefinger: add reference section - move reference to sentence it supports

The '''Savings Rate''' is an economic term referring to the personal savings expressed as a percentage of disposable [[income]] - the income remaining after [[income tax|income taxes]] and payroll taxes are accounted for.

Currently Americans have a Savings Rate of nearly 0, that is, they exactly what than the earn.<ref>http://www.bea.gov/briefrm/saving.htm</ref> In 2005 the [[U.S. Commerce Department]]'s Bureau of Economic Analysis report showed a negative savings rate of 0.5 percent for the year. That had not happened since the [[Great Depression]].

==See Also==
*[[Paradox of thrift]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Economics]]

Carrie Underwood

2008-07-13T17:17:29Z

Bronzefinger: add citations - fix citations that don't support claims made and edit reference formatting

'''Carrie Underwood''' is an award winning country [[singer]], and the winner of 4th season of the [[American Idol]] television contest. <ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.americanidol.com/contestants/season4/ |title = American Idol: Season 4 Contestants|work = American Idol: Official FOX Site}}</ref>

Carrie Marie Underwood was born on March 10, 1983, in Muskogee, [[Oklahoma]], [[United States|USA]], the youngest of 3 girls in the family. She began singing in church at a very early age. In grade school she acted in school plays and began to enter talent competitions. Church was a strong influence in Carrie's family, and she continued singing in church during her childhood and young adult life. During her years at Checotah High School in Oklahoma, she sang at school events, and began singing in local festivals, country fairs and car shows. Carrie graduated high school in 2001, and enrolled in Northeastern State University in Tahlequah, Oklahoma <ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.nsuok.edu/about/ |title = about NSU|publisher = Northeastern State University}}</ref> where she majored in Mass Communications, with an emphasis in journalism.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.nsuok.edu/news/carrie.html|title = NSU Star Carrie Underwood is the new American Idol!|publisher = Northeastern State University}}</ref>

In 2004 she auditioned for American Idol, and became the 4th season winner on May 25th, 2005.

Her first album, entitled "Some Hearts", went platinum. Her single "Jesus take the Wheel" was a best seller.

Carrie joined the [[Grand Ole Opry]] on May 10, 2008. [[Garth Brooks]] handled her formal induction and [[Vince Gill]] sang a duet with her. <ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,354977,00.html Carrie Underwood Joins Grand Ole Opry], [[Associated Press]], [[Fox News Channel]], May 11, 2008</ref>

==Awards==

'''2005:'''

*Teen Choice Award
*3 Billboard Music Awards

'''2006:'''

*Inspirational Country Music Award
*Horizon Award
*Dove Award - Song of the Year: "Jesus, Take the Wheel"
*CMT Music Award - Female Video of the Year: "Jesus, Take the Wheel"
*2 [[Academy of Country Music Award]]s: Top New Female Vocalist, single of the Year for "Jesus Take the Wheel"
*American Music Award - Favorite Breakthrough New Artist
*Country Music Association Award - Female Vocalist of the Year
*5 Billboard Music Awards

'''2007:'''

*CMT Music Award - Video of the Year
*2 Grammy Awards: Best New Artist, Best Country Vocal Performance for "Jesus, Take the Wheel"
*2 People's Choice Awards: Favorite Female Singer, Favorite Country Song
*3 Academy of Country Music Awards: Top Female Vocalist, Best video, Album of the Year

'''2008:'''

*[[Grammy Award]] - Best Female Country Vocal Performance
*Academy of Country Music Award - Top Female Vocalist

==References==

<references/>

==External Links==

*http://www.carrieunderwoodofficial.com/
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GwqLLmMUWnI&feature=user Carrie Underwood's Official YouTube Channel]
*http://www.carrieunderwoodonline.com/
*http://www.americanidol.com/
*http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/grammys-2008-roundup-carrie-un-16539.aspx
*http://www.glamour.com/news/articles/2007/12/underwood - interview with Carrie Underwood

{{DEFAULTSORT:Underwood, Carrie}}

[[Category:Women Singers]]
[[Category:Religious People]]

Hollywood values

2008-07-13T15:20:40Z

Bronzefinger: remove paula yates (no apparent connection to hollywood), similarly stuart lubbock, Michael Hutchence

The phrase '''Hollywood values''' refers to the lack of [[morals]] and [[values]] in [[Hollywood]] culture, which is characterized by decadence, narcissism, rampant [[drug|drug use]], extramarital sex, sexually-transmitted [[disease]], lawlessness and death. A poll by MSNBC said that 60% of [[Americans]] agree that "Hollywood's values are not in line with the rest of America and that the quality of movies has dimished in recent years."<ref>http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11714540/</ref>

Not all people who currently work or have worked in Hollywood espouse Hollywood values. [[Ronald Reagan]], [[James Stewart]], [[Charlton Heston]], [[Walt Disney]] and many others practiced conservative values while working in Hollywood and the productions of these and many others also reflect these values, irrespecitive of the star names associated with them: [[The Chronicles of Narnia]] and [[Independence Day]] being recent examples.

Hollywood values can include a flagrant disrespect and disregard for:

* [[marriage]] and [[abstinence]]
* [[patriotism]]
* [[religion]]
* [[accountability]]
* family responsibilities, like childrearing<ref>[[Britney Spears]] "doesn't want [her] kids back." [http://www.nypost.com/seven/02132008/news/nationalnews/brit_doesnt_want_her_kids__1st_ex_97425.htm]</ref>
* laws that apply to everyone else
* normal behavioural boundaries and values of human decency

==Deaths ==
Hollywood values are deadly. Some examples include:<ref>http://www.abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=4174733&page=1</ref><ref>http://www.citynews.ca/news/news_18845.aspx</ref>
*[[John Barrymore]], 60, cirrhosis of the liver from heavy drinking
*[[Bix Beiderbecke]], 28, [[alcoholism]]
*[[John Belushi]], 33, was a repeated drug abuser who ultimately died of a lethal injection of cocaine and heroin
*[[Clara Blandick]], 81, suicide
*[[John Bonham]], 32, after too much drinking, asphyxiated on vomit
*[[Karl Dane]], 47, suicide by gunshot
*[[James Dean]], 24, auto accident (see also crime, below)
*[[Eazy-E]], 31. [[AIDS]] contracted through drug use.
*[[Brian Epstein]], 32, overdosed on sleeping pills and alcohol
*[[Chris Farley]], 33, overdose of morphine and cocaine
*[[Judy Garland]], 47, overdosed on sleeping pills
*[[Margaux Hemingway]], 42, suicide
*[[Jimi Hendrix]], 27, an enthusiastic abuser of illegal drugs, choked on his own vomit after overdose of sleeping pills.
*[[Rock Hudson]], 59, AIDS
*[[Richard Jeni]], 49, suicide<ref>http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,258231,00.html</ref>
*[[Janis Joplin]], 27, heroin overdose
*[[Heath Ledger]], 28, found dead in his [[Manhattan]] apartment. "Prescription sleeping pills and anti-anxiety pills were found in bottles in Ledger's bedroom and bathroom, and police have speculated the death was caused by an accidental drug overdose."<ref>http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080123/ap_en_ce/obit_ledger</ref> "Ledger died of an accidental overdose of painkillers, sleeping pills, anti-anxiety medication and other prescription drugs, the New York City medical examiner said Wednesday." <ref>http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,328828,00.html</ref>
*[[Bruce Lee]] (Li Xiaolong), actor, 33, collapsed and died; cannabis found in bloodstream at post-mortem.
*[[Sal Mineo]], 37, murdered under circumstances that suggested "a homosexual motive"
*[[Marilyn Monroe]], 36, overdosed on sleeping pills
*[[Keith Moon]], drummer of [[The Who]], 32, overdose of Clomethiazole prescribed to treat his [[alcoholism]].
*[[Jim Morrison]], 27, died of an apparent heroin overdose
*[[Chris Penn]], 40, brother of [[Sean Penn]], "died accidentally from an enlarged heart and the effects of a mix of multiple medications"<ref>http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/news/archive/2006/02/13/entertainment/e162146S51.DTL</ref>
*[[River Phoenix]], 23, died from an overdose cocaine and heroin
*[[Dana Plato]], 34, ''Diff'rent Strokes'' star, suicide by drugs overdose after posing for lesbian pornography.
*[[Elvis Presley]], 42, large drug intake causes a cardiac arrhythmia and rumoured to have suffocated on the carpet when he collpased from a drug overdose.
*[[Virginia Rappe]], 30, died of a ruptured bladder incurred at a party hosted by [[Roscoe Arbuckle]]
*[[George Reeves]], 45, suicide
*[[Brad Renfro]], 25, became addicted to heroin and was found dead after a night of drinking
*[[Anna Nicole Smith]], 39, accidental overdose on prescription drugs
*[[Sharon Tate]], 26, an actress with a [[hippie]] lifestyle who was murdered by followers of [[Charles Manson]], a [[Beatles]]-obsessed musician wannabee; Manson's followers murdered Tate, who was pregnant and only two weeks from birth, her unborn child, her prior lover, who was staying with her while her husband, paedophile movie producer [[Roman Polanski]] (see 'Crime', below), was away, and another unmarried couple staying in the house
*[[Lou Tellegen]], 52, suicide
*[[Sid Vicious]], 21. [[Heroin]] overdose while awaiting trial for his girlfriend's murder.
*[[Kenneth Williams]], 62, overdose.
*[[Natalie Wood]], 43. Drowned while intoxicated.

== Crime ==
Hollywood values often include being arrested or convicted for a variety of crimes. Here are some examples:

* [[Winona Ryder]] was convicted of convicted of vandalism and grand theft for stealing designer merchandise worth $5,560.40.<ref>http://www.courttv.com/trials/ryder/</ref>
* [[O.J. Simpson]] is widely believed to have murdered his wife and her friend, and was found liable in a civil (but not criminal) trial. He has since been arrested again on an unrelated charge.
* [[Paris Hilton]] was convicted of driving while intoxicated, and then violated the terms of her probation, leading to a 45-day prison sentence.<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/18472845/ Paris Hilton sentenced to 45 days in jail], msnbc, May 4, 2007</ref>
*[[Hugh Grant]] was arrested in 1995 when found in a car with a prostitute.<ref>[http://www.mugshots.org/hollywood/hugh-grant.html]</ref>
*[[Stacy Keach]], movie actor, was sentenced to 9 months imprisonment in the [[United Kingdom]] in 1984 after being arrested at [[London]] [[Heathrow Airport]] in possession of a large quantity of [[cocaine]].
*[[Kiefer Sutherland]] was given a 48-day sentence for DUI in 2007, an offence committed while still on probation following a 2004 conviction for DUI.<ref>Sutherland is released from jail [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7200633.stm BBC]</ref>
*[[George Michael]] was convicted of "Committing a lewd act in public", having been arrested in a public restroom by a plain clothes police officer.<ref>Police confirm George Michael arrest [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/75904.stmBBC]</ref>
*[[Snoop Dogg]], a popular [[rap|rapper]], was arrested in 2006 for [[marijuana]] possession.
*[[Roman Polanski]], Polish-born film producer, is unable to return to Hollywood as he skipped bail and fled to [[France]] after being convicted in 1978 on charges of unlawful sexual intercourse with a thirteen-year old girl.
* Rapper DMX (Earl Simmons) was caught on camera drag racing at a speed over 110 miles on a freeway, and then a SWAT team was used to arrest him three days later on drug and animal cruelty charges. "The Maricopa County sheriff's office says the 37-year-old, whose real name is Earl Simmons, at first tried to barricade himself in his bedroom. He came out as a SWAT team entered during the early-morning raid Friday."<ref>http://news.aol.com/entertainment/music/music-news-story/ar/_a/dmx-arrested-on-animal-cruelty-charges/20080509163709990001</ref>
*[[Tatum O'Neal]] arrested in 2008 for [[cocaine]] possession. <ref>
[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,361361,00.html Tatum O'Neal Released After Drug Arrest], [[Associated Press]], ''[[Fox News Channel|Fox News]]'', June 02, 2008.</ref>
*[[James Dean]] displayed an unhealthy interest in a twelve-year-old boy. His former director Elia Kazan later commented: "I've known many actors who have been twisted up in their sex lives, but never anybody as sick and unhealthy as Dean was."
*Redmond O'Neal, son of Farrah Fawcett and Ryan O'Neal, plead guilty to possessing heroine and methamphetamine as well as driving under the influence of drugs.<ref>http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080627/ap_on_en_ot/people_redmond_o_neal;_ylt=AiQCBwpJpxqBOFWVyqEycXsDW7oF Redmond O'Neal pleads guilty to drug charges</ref>
*[[Actor]] Nick Nolte was arrested for drunk in driving in 2002<ref>http://www.thesmokinggun.com/mugshots/nolte1.html<ref/>

== Falsehoods ==

[[Hollywood values]] perpetuates [[liberal]]-driven falsehoods:

*[[Matthew Shepard Fallacy]]
:Adherents to Hollywood values "green-lighted a troika of [[Matthew Shepard]] movies after he was senselessly killed because it affirmed their gut feeling that a gay young man living in backward America is destined for death at the hands of hateful ultraconservatives. A street in West Hollywood still stands in his name despite ABC News reporting the story false: He was killed by crazed meth addicts for drugs and money -- not because he was gay. Isn't that tragic enough? Yet Shepherd is still the icon of gay victims' rights, and the mistaken story of his 'fate' soon thereafter befell Jake Gyllenhaal's character in 'Brokeback Mountain.' The Oscar statuette stands as the exclamation point."<ref>http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/la-op-dustup26sep26,0,1800794,full.story</ref>

*[[Inherit the Wind]]
:<fill in>

==Divorce==

*[[Elizabeth Taylor]] has been married eight (8) times.<ref>http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000072/bio</ref>
*[[Valerie Bertinelli]] said her divorce from [[Eddie Van Halen]] was caused by infidelity and drug use - by her too. She said she was "destroying my body," trying to keep up with a rock-star lifestyle. <ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,332551,00.html Valerie Bertinelli About Divorce From Eddie Van Halen: 'I Wasn't An Angel Either'], [[Fox News Channel]], ''[[Associated Press]]'', February 26, 2008</ref>
*[[Zsa Zsa Gabor]] has been married nine (9) times.
*[[Mickey Rooney]] has been married eight (8) times, but has been with his last wife for 30 years after embracing religion and abandoning his previous lifestyle.
*[[Charlie Chaplin]] married four (4) times, including his marriage at the age of 54 to an 18-year-old bride.

== Offensive Behavior ==

* Trashing hotel rooms is a favorite form of offensive behavior by Hollywood types. Many examples are readily available on the [[internet]].<ref>See, e.g., [http://www.budgettravel.com/bt-dyn/content/article/2007/12/21/AR2007122101034.html]</ref>
*[[Mel Gibson]], who had started drinking again, was arrested after being stopped for driving at 84 mph in a 45 mph zone on a notoriously dangerous road in Malibu, California.<ref>''Mel Gibson apologizes after DUI arrest'' [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14080210/ Associated Press]</ref> A breathalyzer test confirmed he was drunk and next to him was an open bottle of Tequila; after being arrested he hurled Anti-Semitic abuse at a Jewish police officer.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2089-2292336,00.html Mel Gibson rants against Jews in drink-drive arrest], Times Online, July 30, 2006</ref>
*The parents of [[Miley Cyrus]], just 15 years old, allowed [[Annie Liebowitz]] to pose the starlet without a shirt or bra (aka [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/topless "topless"]) and with just a sheet covering her front for Vanity Fair magazine.<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/28/business/media/28hannah.html?_r=1&oref=slogin</ref><ref>http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20195785,00.html</ref><ref>http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/story/0,22049,23608789-5001026,00.html</ref> "I took part in a photo shoot that was supposed to be 'artistic' and now, seeing the photographs and reading the story, I feel so embarrassed," Cyrus said Sunday in a statement through her publicist. "I never intended for any of this to happen and I apologize to my fans who I care so deeply about." <ref>http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5gYLnT2kyPIgNUurQ71aNM3EJKpRAD90ARTGO0</ref>
:"... a situation was created to deliberately manipulate a 15-year-old in order to sell magazines," a network statement said. <ref>http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5gYLnT2kyPIgNUurQ71aNM3EJKpRAD90ARTGO0</ref>
*Many Hollywood stars who have purposely sought fame have then turned upon photographers and fans. [[Sean Penn]] is well known to lash out at photographers.

== Rehab ==
Hollywood values often result in [[Celebrity|celebrities]] going into rehab. Here are some examples:

*[[Kirsten Dunst]] checked into the [[Cirque Lodge]] treatment facility in [[Utah]] after a week of hard partying at the [[Sundance Film Festival]], according to a source at the lodge, although the lodge's director of operations denies this. <ref name = "foxkirsten">
[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,329545,00.html Reports Say Kirsten Dunst in Rehab; Rep for Facility Denies It], ''[[Fox News]]'', February 08, 2008</ref>

The following all checked into the above facility seeking treatment for various psychological problems:

*[[Lindsay Lohan]]<ref name = "foxkirsten"/>
*[[Eva Mendes]]<ref name = "foxkirsten"/>
*[[Mary-Kate Olsen]]<ref name = "foxkirsten"/>

The following have checked into a different facility for psychological problems:

*[[Heather Locklear]]<ref>"A spokeswoman for the 47-year-old star said: 'Heather has been dealing with anxiety and depression.'" She "checked into a clinic in [[Arizona]] that treats depression."[http://www.pnas.org/content/101/11/3721.full]</ref>

== Hypocrisy ==

Hollywood personalities often propose legislation such as outlawing private gun ownership, or speak out against things such as anti-gun laws, but have at the same time acted in movies contrary to their public opinions:

* [[George Clooney]] on hearing that fellow actor and guns-rights advocate, [[Charlton Heston]], suffers from Alzheimer's disease, said: ''"I don't care. Charlton Heston is the head of the [[National Rifle Association]]. He deserves whatever anyone says about him."''<ref>http://www.funnyreign.com/quotes-georgeclooney.shtml</ref> Clooney starred in the film ''The Peacemaker'', in which he played an American military man defending the country from a nuclear attack; scenes in the film showed him using a gun to defend himself and others.

* [[Mark Wahlberg]] upon meeting Charlton Heston on the set of the remake of ''Planet of the Apes'', Wahlberg rudely told Heston, "It was very disturbing meeting you." Later, Wahlberg would have this to say at the MTV Movie Awards: ''"I believe Charlton Heston is America's best villain because he loves guns so much. Maybe he should get the award for being president of the National Rifle Association."''<ref>http://www.keepandbeararms.com/information/XcIBViewItem.asp?ID=2360</ref> Wahlberg's character in ''Planet of the Apes'' uses a gun to defend himself and other humans from the apes who would rule over them.

==Moral depravity==
*[[Woody Allen]] seduced and took pornographic photographs of the adolescent daughter of his wife [[Mia Farrow]].

==Using appearances to promote themselves and their causes or air their pet peeves==
*Rapper Kanye West infamously went way off script during a live benefit concert for victims of Hurricane Katrina, criticizing the media's treatment of images of black and white people and saying President [[George W. Bush]] "hates black people."<ref>http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/03/AR2005090300165.html</ref>
*During the live broadcast of the 2007 Emmy Awards, actress Sally Field went on a sputtering anti-war rant, eventually concluding by saying, "If the mothers ruled the world, there would be no g**d*** war in the first place." She received thunderous applause from the Hollywood audience for her vulgar remark.<ref>http://www.abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory?id=3610891</ref>
*[[Michael Moore]] surprised no one by criticizing President Bush during his 2003 Oscar acceptance speech for "Bowling for Columbine," saying, "We live in the time where we have fictitious election results that elect a fictitious president. We live in a time where we have a man who's sending us to war for fictitious reasons, whether it's the fiction of duct tape or the fiction of orange alerts. We are against this war, Mr. Bush. Shame on you, Mr. Bush. Shame on you."<ref>http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/features/20030323-2028-oscars-moore.html</ref>
*Actress Jessica Lange verbally attacked President Bush and the Iraq War during a 2008 commencement speech at Sarah Lawrence College in Yonkers, New York, stating, "We are living in an America that, in the last seven and a half years, has waged an unnecessary war, established prison camps, condoned torture, employed corporate armies, eliminated the right of habeas corpus, practiced extraordinary rendition, and believe me, this is only a partial list."<ref>http://cbs5.com/politics/Jessica.Lange.President.2.732264.html</ref>

==Productions==
The diseased moral values of the Liberal-dominated entertainments industry are manifested all too clearly in many of the products of that industry - motion pictures and television programmes that offer no edification or instruction to the viewer, but plumb a cess-pit of licence and depravity. Some recent examples include the television series ''Desperate Housewives'' and the tv series/movie ''[[Sex and the City]]''. The movie ''Forrest Gump'' was a clumsy attempt to smear conservatives as having learning difficulties.

==Books==
* ''Hollywood Against America''
* ''Hollywood Babylon'' (1965) by Kenneth Anger (US edition)
* ''Hollywood Babylon II'' (1984) by Kenneth Anger

== References ==
<references/>

==External Links==
[http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5ic_Q3agTpruvzoCJ5UxWaAqGJW3A Bush attacks 'Hollywood values'], ''AFP'', Oct 1, 2007

{{liberalism}}

[[category:entertainment]]
[[Category:Liberals]]

Accrual Accounting

2008-06-14T18:11:20Z

Bronzefinger:

Calculating [[revenues]] or expenditures on the basis of when they are earned or encumbered,rather than when payment is received or made, respectively. Accrual revenues are considered earned when a claim for reimbursement is submitted. Accrual expenses are considered encumbered when a Purchase Order or contract is submitted.
[[category:economics]]
[[Category:Accounting]]

Graphology

2008-06-13T11:02:38Z

Bronzefinger: not same as forensic document examination

[[Image:Handwriting.jpg|right]]
[[Graphology]] is the study and analysis of [[human]] handwriting with the intent of assessing a person's [[psychological]] state. This is not to be confused with [[forensic document examination]], which involving determining the authenticity of handwriting evidence, and similar tasks.<ref>[http://www.abfde.org/FAQs.html American Board of Forensic Document Examiners - Frequently Asked Questions]</ref>

Some Graphologists believe details like spacing of words, dotted "i's" and crossed "t's", could reveal unconscious mental functions.

:: As an example it is said that: ''Hillary Clinton is smart and forceful, John McCain is proud but has a volatile temper, and Barack Obama is a diplomat who deals well with different people and situations.'' <ref>[http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20080518/ts_alt_afp/usvotegraphology In US election, every (written) word counts] Yahoo! news. </ref>

Neuroscientist [[Barry Beyerstein]] (1996) considers the majority of the notions of graphologists to be no more than sympathetic [[magic]].

== External links ==

*[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9037756/graphology Graphology]
*[http://web.singnet.com.sg/~tjlow/graphology/grapho.htm Graphology / Handwriting Analysis FAQ]

== References ==

<references/>

[[category:psychology]]

Barrier to entry

2008-06-12T22:14:52Z

Bronzefinger: expand - also make it clear barriers can be breached

In trade economics, a '''barrier to entry''' is an obstacle to a firm entering a [[market]]. Almost all markets have some barriers to entry, as entering a market will usually involve raising capital to buy premises, and advertising to help establish a customer base. However, this will vary considerably between different markets. For example, launching a new mass market car is likely to be much more costly than starting a new shop, as the former will require a large amount of research and development, as well as the cost of setting up a production line, and the necessary advertising.

Generally, barriers to entry put new entrants to a market at a disadvantage, compared to establish firms. The new entrant to the market may have to invest a large amount of money before it begins to make a profit. It may be doubtful if this can be recouped.

There are a number of potential barriers to entry:

*Some products will require significant research and development before a product can be launched. In some cases existing firms may have patents on some of the technology used in the production of such a product.
*The existing firms in the market may already have an established brand, with customers loyal to that brand, whereas new firms will have to establish this through advertising and other means, before it can start earning a profit. In some cases the existing sellers in that market may have defined the terms of what a product should be in such a way that it would be very difficult for another firm company to can create such a product.
*Some markets may require a significant investment in equipment, land, or other items, before production can begin. This would include car production, as mentioned above.
*Some products may require other firms to produce [[Complementary goods]], in order for the product to be useful. For example, a new format for storing movies (such as [[blu-ray]], or [[DVD]]), is unlikely to be successful without a significant number of movies being available in that format.

{{stub}}
[[Category:Economics]]

Axiom of Choice

2008-04-05T23:29:50Z

Bronzefinger: remove chronon reference - it doesn't seem to say anything about wiles proof relying on the axiom of the choice

The '''Axiom of Choice''' ('''AC''')<ref>There are numerous equivalent mathematical descriptions of the Axiom of Choice. Here are two:
::<math>\forall x\;(\forall y\;y\in x\Rightarrow\exists z\; z\in y)\;\exists S\;(\forall z\;z\in x\Rightarrow\exists w\;w\in z\;\wedge\;w\in S)\;\wedge\;(\forall v\;v\in z\;\wedge\;v\in S\Rightarrow v=w)</math>

and
::<math>\forall x\neq\varnothing\;\exists S\;(\forall z\in x\;\exists_1w\in z\cap S).</math></ref> is an [[axiom]] of [[Zermelo-Fraenkel]] set theory holding that:<ref>Stephen Willard, "General Topology" 1.17, p. 9 (Dover 2004)</ref>

::given any collection of sets, however large, we can pick one element from each set in the collection.

In layman's terms, the Axiom of Choice is "For every nonempty set there is a choice function." Or, "We can choose one element from every element of a nonempty set of disjoint sets and this process by which we choose these sets will set up a new set." More precisely, the Axiom of Choice states that:

::For every collection of nonempty sets S, there exists a function f such that f(S) is a member of S for every possible S.

Mathworld explains the Axiom of Choice as follows:<ref>http://mathworld.wolfram.com/AxiomofChoice.html</ref>

::Given any set of mutually disjoint nonempty sets, there exists at least one set that contains exactly one element in common with each of the nonempty sets.

Yet another helpful explanation of the Axiom of Choice is this:<ref>http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2003/5/23/134430/275</ref>

::If you have a collection of sets C (which may potentially contain an uncountably large number of sets), then there exists a set H, called the choice set, which contains precisely one element from each (non-empty) set in C. H is called the "choice set" because you are essentially going through each set in C and choosing one element from it. One feature of the Axiom of Choice is that H is simply assumed to exist; there is no algorithm given which might tell you how to construct an example of H.

== Use of the Axiom of Choice ==

The Axiom of Choice has many equivalent statements, such as the [[Tychonoff theorem]], the [[Well-Ordering Theorem]], the existence of [[cardinal number]]s, the existence of a basis for every vector space, and the existence of subsets of the real line which do not have a well-defined [[Lebesgue measure]]. In [[algebra]] it is common to use [[Zorn's Lemma]] (also equivalent to the Axiom of Choice) to study [[ideal]]s in infinite [[Noetherian ring]]s.

Use of the Axiom of Choice has led to some seemingly absurd results. In the [[Banach-Tarski Paradox]], the Axiom of Choice is used to prove that a solid sphere of infinitely divisible parts may be chopped up and reconstructed as two new spheres of identical size, thereby creating 2 out of only 1. This paradox is proven only through use of the Axiom of Choice, and the authors of this proof did so to criticize this Axiom. One attempt to resolve this apparent contradiction is to show that physical spheres are not [[Lebesgue measurable]].<ref>http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2003/5/23/134430/275</ref>

The highly publicized proof of [[Fermat's Last Theorem]] relies on the Axiom of Choice.{{fact}}

== Controversy ==

Despite its usefulness, many mathematicians reject the Axiom of Choice. "It bothers some people because it asserts the existence of a set ... without giving enough information to determine that set uniquely (by applying a finite number of rules), and it is the ''only'' formal set-theoretical axiom which does this. For this reason it is customary to mention the axiom of choice whenever it is used. It need not be used if the number of sets is finite."<ref>Willard, ''supra'', 1.17, p. 9.</ref>

The rejection of the Axiom of Choice reflects a preference for constructive [[Proof|mathematical proofs]]. AC, by its very nature, is nonconstructive, since it merely asserts that a choice function exists, but does not give an explicit method for its construction. Since the Axiom of Choice is independent of the other axioms, results provable with it may be verified with the other axioms. Any proof which uses the axiom of choice can be transformed into a proof that doesn't. Usually the resulting proof will be far more complicated, but the transformation is always possible, with proven reliability. <ref>http://web.unicam.it/matinf/aila/Scuola%20AILA/sulla%20varieta%20dei%20metodiAC_sem02.pdf</ref>

The formulation of a constructive Axiom of Choice is one of three major problems which challenge 21st century logicians.<ref>Edna Ernestine Kramer, "The Nature and Growth of Modern Mathematics", Princeton University
Press, 1982. p. 595.</ref>

== Sources ==

*http://www.math.vanderbilt.edu/~schectex/ccc/choice.html

== References ==

<references/>

[[category:set theory]]
[[category:mathematics]]

Hollywood values

2008-03-29T15:57:25Z

Bronzefinger: remove Phil Lynott - irish musician - no hollywood connection

The phrase '''Hollywood values''' refers to the lack of [[morals]] and [[values]] in [[Hollywood]] culture, which is characterized by rampant [[drug|drug use]], extramarital sex, sexually-transmitted [[disease]], lawlessness and death. A poll by MSNBC said that 60% of [[Americans]] agree that "Hollywood's values are not in line with the rest of America and that the quality of movies has dimished in recent years."<ref>http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11714540/</ref>

Hollywood values can include a flagrant disrespect and disregard for:

* [[marriage]] and [[abstinence]]
* [[patriotism]]
* [[religion]]
* [[accountability]]
* family responsibilities, like childrearing<ref>[[Britney Spears]] "doesn't want [her] kids back." [http://www.nypost.com/seven/02132008/news/nationalnews/brit_doesnt_want_her_kids__1st_ex_97425.htm]</ref>
* laws that apply to everyone else

==Deaths ==
Hollywood values are deadly. Some examples include:<ref>http://www.abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=4174733&page=1</ref><ref>http://www.citynews.ca/news/news_18845.aspx</ref>
*[[John Barrymore]], 60, cirrhosis of the liver from heavy drinking
*[[Bix Beiderbecke]], 28, [[alcoholism]]
*[[John Belushi]], 33, was a repeated drug abuser who ultimately died of a lethal injection of cocaine and heroin
*[[Clara Blandick]], 81, suicide
*[[John Bonham]], 32, after too much drinking, asphyxiated on vomit
*[[Lenny Bruce]], 40, heroin overdose
*[[Kurt Cobain]], 27, "turned to drugs and alcohol to help him cope," then committed suicide
*[[Karl Dane]], 47, suicide by gunshot
*[[Brian Epstein]], 32, overdosed on sleeping pills and alcohol
*[[Chris Farley]], 33, overdose of morphine and cocaine
*[[Judy Garland]], 47, overdosed on sleeping pills
*[[Margaux Hemingway]], 42, suicide
*[[Rock Hudson]], 59, AIDS
*[[Richard Jeni]], 49, suicide<ref>http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,258231,00.html</ref>
*[[Janis Joplin]], 27, heroin overdose
*[[Heath Ledger]], 28, found dead in his [[Manhattan]] apartment. "Prescription sleeping pills and anti-anxiety pills were found in bottles in Ledger's bedroom and bathroom, and police have speculated the death was caused by an accidental drug overdose."<ref>http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080123/ap_en_ce/obit_ledger</ref> "Ledger died of an accidental overdose of painkillers, sleeping pills, anti-anxiety medication and other prescription drugs, the New York City medical examiner said Wednesday." <ref>http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,328828,00.html</ref>
*[[Stuart Lubbock]], 31, found dead in the swimming pool of popular TV entertainer [[Michael Barrymore]], having suffered severe anal trauma, after a drug-fuelled party at the star's home
*[[Marilyn Monroe]], 36, overdosed on sleeping pills
*[[Jim Morrison]], 27, died of an apparent heroin overdose
*[[River Phoenix]], 23, a huge star until he died from an overdose cocaine and heroin
*[[Dana Plato]], 34, ''Diff'rent Strokes'' star, suicide by drugs overdose after posing for lesbian pornography.
* [[Elvis Presley]], 42, large drug intake causes a cardiac arrhythmia
*[[Virginia Rappe]], 30, died of a ruptured bladder incurred at a party hosted by [[Roscoe Arbuckle]]
*[[Brad Renfro]], 25, became addicted to heroin and was found dead after a night of drinking
*[[Anna Nicole Smith]], 39, accidental overdose on prescription drugs
*[[Sharon Tate]], 26, an actress with a [[hippie]] lifestyle who was murdered by followers of [[Charles Manson]], a [[Beatles]]-obsessed musician wannabee
*[[Lou Tellegen]], 52, suicide
*[[Kenneth Williams]], 62, overdose.
*[[Natalie Wood]], 43. Drowned while intoxicated.

== Crime ==
Hollywood values often include stealing and committing other crimes. Here are some examples:

* [[Winona Ryder]] was convicted of convicted of vandalism and grand theft for stealing designer merchandise worth $5,560.40.<ref>http://www.courttv.com/trials/ryder/</ref>
* [[O.J. Simpson]] is widely believed to have murdered his wife and her friend, and was found liable in a civil (but not criminal) trial. He has since been arrested again on an unrelated charge.
* [[Paris Hilton]] was convicted of driving while intoxicated, and then violated the terms of her probation, leading to a 45-day prison sentence.<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/18472845/ Paris Hilton sentenced to 45 days in jail], msnbc, May 4, 2007</ref>
*[[Hugh Grant]] was arrested in 1995 when found in a car with a prostitute.<ref>[http://www.mugshots.org/hollywood/hugh-grant.html]</ref>
*[[Kiefer Sutherland]] was given a 48-day sentence for DUI in 2007, an offence committed while still on probation following a 2004 conviction for DUI.<ref>Sutherland is released from jail [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7200633.stm BBC]</ref>
*[[George Michael]] was convicted of "Committing a lewd act in public", having been arrested in a public restroom by a plain clothes police officer.<ref>Police confirm George Michael arrest [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/75904.stmBBC]</ref>

==Divorce==

*[[Elizabeth Taylor]] has been married eight (8) times.<ref>http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000072/bio</ref>
*[[Valerie Bertinelli]] said her divorce from [[Eddie Van Halen]] was caused by infidelity and drug use - by her too. She said she was "destroying my body," trying to keep up with a rock-star lifestyle. <ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,332551,00.html Valerie Bertinelli About Divorce From Eddie Van Halen: 'I Wasn't An Angel Either'], [[Fox News Channel]], ''[[Associated Press]]'', February 26, 2008</ref>

== Offensive Behavior ==

*[[Mel Gibson]], a [[Christian]] actor and director, was arrested after being stopped for driving at 84 mph in a 45 mph zone on a notoriously dangerous road in Malibu, California.<ref>''Mel Gibson apologizes after DUI arrest'' [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14080210/ Associated Press]</ref> A breathalyzer test confirmed he was drunk and next to him was an open bottle of Tequila; after being arrested he hurled Anti-Semitic abuse at a Jewish police officer.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2089-2292336,00.html Mel Gibson rants against Jews in drink-drive arrest], Times Online, July 30, 2006</ref>

== Rehab ==
Hollywood values often result in [[Celebrity|celebrities]] going into rehab. Here are some examples:

*[[Kirsten Dunst]] checked into the [[Cirque Lodge]] treatment facility in [[Utah]] after a week of hard partying at the [[Sundance Film Festival]], according to a source at the lodge, although the lodge's director of operations denies this. <ref name = "foxkirsten">
[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,329545,00.html Reports Say Kirsten Dunst in Rehab; Rep for Facility Denies It], ''[[Fox News]]'', February 08, 2008</ref>

The following all checked into the above facility seeking treatment for various psychological problems:

*[[Lindsay Lohan]] <ref name = "foxkirsten"/>
*[[Eva Mendes]] <ref name = "foxkirsten"/>
*[[Mary-Kate Olsen]] <ref name = "foxkirsten"/>

== Hypocrisy ==

Hollywood personalities often propose legislation such as outlawing private gun ownership, or speak out against things such as anti-gun laws, but have at the same time acted the opposite:

* [[George Clooney]] on hearing that fellow actor and guns-rights advocate, [[Charlton Heston]], suffers from Alzheimer's disease, said: ''"I don't care. Charlton Heston is the head of the [[National Rifle Association]]. He deserves whatever anyone says about him."''<ref>http://www.funnyreign.com/quotes-georgeclooney.shtml</ref> Clooney stared in the film ''The Peacemaker'', in which he played an American military man defending the country from a nuclear attack; scenes in the film showed him using a gun to defend himself and others.

* [[Mark Wahlberg]] upon meeting Charlton Heston on the set of the remake of ''Planet of the Apes'', Wahlberg rudely told Heston, "It was very disturbing meeting you." Later, Wahlberg would have this to say at the MTV Movie Awards: ''"I believe Charlton Heston is America's best villain because he loves guns so much. Maybe he should get the award for being president of the National Rifle Association."''<ref>http://www.keepandbeararms.com/information/XcIBViewItem.asp?ID=2360</ref> Wahlberg's character in ''Planet of the Apes'' uses a gun to defend himself and other humans from the apes who would rule over them.

==Books==
* ''Hollywood Against America''
* ''Hollywood Babylon'' (1965) by Kenneth Anger (US edition)
* ''Hollywood Babylon II'' (1984) by Kenneth Anger

== References ==

<references/>

[[category:entertainment]]
[[Category:Liberals]]

Hollywood values

2008-03-29T15:43:44Z

Bronzefinger: remove Sid Vicous - british musician - little if any connection to hollywood

The phrase '''Hollywood values''' refers to the lack of [[morals]] and [[values]] in [[Hollywood]] culture, which is characterized by rampant [[drug|drug use]], extramarital sex, sexually-transmitted [[disease]], lawlessness and death. A poll by MSNBC said that 60% of [[Americans]] agree that "Hollywood's values are not in line with the rest of America and that the quality of movies has dimished in recent years."<ref>http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11714540/</ref>

Hollywood values can include a flagrant disrespect and disregard for:

* [[marriage]] and [[abstinence]]
* [[patriotism]]
* [[religion]]
* [[accountability]]
* family responsibilities, like childrearing<ref>[[Britney Spears]] "doesn't want [her] kids back." [http://www.nypost.com/seven/02132008/news/nationalnews/brit_doesnt_want_her_kids__1st_ex_97425.htm]</ref>
* laws that apply to everyone else

==Deaths ==
Hollywood values are deadly. Some examples include:<ref>http://www.abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=4174733&page=1</ref><ref>http://www.citynews.ca/news/news_18845.aspx</ref>
*[[John Barrymore]], 60, cirrhosis of the liver from heavy drinking
*[[Bix Beiderbecke]], 28, [[alcoholism]]
*[[John Belushi]], 33, was a repeated drug abuser who ultimately died of a lethal injection of cocaine and heroin
*[[Clara Blandick]], 81, suicide
*[[John Bonham]], 32, after too much drinking, asphyxiated on vomit
*[[Lenny Bruce]], 40, heroin overdose
*[[Kurt Cobain]], 27, "turned to drugs and alcohol to help him cope," then committed suicide
*[[Karl Dane]], 47, suicide by gunshot
*[[Brian Epstein]], 32, overdosed on sleeping pills and alcohol
*[[Chris Farley]], 33, overdose of morphine and cocaine
*[[Judy Garland]], 47, overdosed on sleeping pills
*[[Margaux Hemingway]], 42, suicide
*[[Rock Hudson]], 59, AIDS
*[[Richard Jeni]], 49, suicide<ref>http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,258231,00.html</ref>
*[[Janis Joplin]], 27, heroin overdose
*[[Heath Ledger]], 28, found dead in his [[Manhattan]] apartment. "Prescription sleeping pills and anti-anxiety pills were found in bottles in Ledger's bedroom and bathroom, and police have speculated the death was caused by an accidental drug overdose."<ref>http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080123/ap_en_ce/obit_ledger</ref> "Ledger died of an accidental overdose of painkillers, sleeping pills, anti-anxiety medication and other prescription drugs, the New York City medical examiner said Wednesday." <ref>http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,328828,00.html</ref>
*[[Stuart Lubbock]], 31, found dead in the swimming pool of popular TV entertainer [[Michael Barrymore]], having suffered severe anal trauma, after a drug-fuelled party at the star's home
*[[Phil Lynott]], 36, kidney and liver infection
*[[Marilyn Monroe]], 36, overdosed on sleeping pills
*[[Jim Morrison]], 27, died of an apparent heroin overdose
*[[River Phoenix]], 23, a huge star until he died from an overdose cocaine and heroin
*[[Dana Plato]], 34, ''Diff'rent Strokes'' star, suicide by drugs overdose after posing for lesbian pornography.
* [[Elvis Presley]], 42, large drug intake causes a cardiac arrhythmia
*[[Virginia Rappe]], 30, died of a ruptured bladder incurred at a party hosted by [[Roscoe Arbuckle]]
*[[Brad Renfro]], 25, became addicted to heroin and was found dead after a night of drinking
*[[Anna Nicole Smith]], 39, accidental overdose on prescription drugs
*[[Sharon Tate]], 26, an actress with a [[hippie]] lifestyle who was murdered by followers of [[Charles Manson]], a [[Beatles]]-obsessed musician wannabee
*[[Lou Tellegen]], 52, suicide
*[[Kenneth Williams]], 62, overdose.
*[[Natalie Wood]], 43. Drowned while intoxicated.

== Crime ==
Hollywood values often include stealing and committing other crimes. Here are some examples:

* [[Winona Ryder]] was convicted of convicted of vandalism and grand theft for stealing designer merchandise worth $5,560.40.<ref>http://www.courttv.com/trials/ryder/</ref>
* [[O.J. Simpson]] is widely believed to have murdered his wife and her friend, and was found liable in a civil (but not criminal) trial. He has since been arrested again on an unrelated charge.
* [[Paris Hilton]] was convicted of driving while intoxicated, and then violated the terms of her probation, leading to a 45-day prison sentence.<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/18472845/ Paris Hilton sentenced to 45 days in jail], msnbc, May 4, 2007</ref>
*[[Hugh Grant]] was arrested in 1995 when found in a car with a prostitute.<ref>[http://www.mugshots.org/hollywood/hugh-grant.html]</ref>
*[[Kiefer Sutherland]] was given a 48-day sentence for DUI in 2007, an offence committed while still on probation following a 2004 conviction for DUI.<ref>Sutherland is released from jail [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7200633.stm BBC]</ref>
*[[George Michael]] was convicted of "Committing a lewd act in public", having been arrested in a public restroom by a plain clothes police officer.<ref>Police confirm George Michael arrest [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/75904.stmBBC]</ref>

==Divorce==

*[[Elizabeth Taylor]] has been married eight (8) times.<ref>http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000072/bio</ref>
*[[Valerie Bertinelli]] said her divorce from [[Eddie Van Halen]] was caused by infidelity and drug use - by her too. She said she was "destroying my body," trying to keep up with a rock-star lifestyle. <ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,332551,00.html Valerie Bertinelli About Divorce From Eddie Van Halen: 'I Wasn't An Angel Either'], [[Fox News Channel]], ''[[Associated Press]]'', February 26, 2008</ref>

== Offensive Behavior ==

*[[Mel Gibson]], a [[Christian]] actor and director, was arrested after being stopped for driving at 84 mph in a 45 mph zone on a notoriously dangerous road in Malibu, California.<ref>''Mel Gibson apologizes after DUI arrest'' [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14080210/ Associated Press]</ref> A breathalyzer test confirmed he was drunk and next to him was an open bottle of Tequila; after being arrested he hurled Anti-Semitic abuse at a Jewish police officer.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2089-2292336,00.html Mel Gibson rants against Jews in drink-drive arrest], Times Online, July 30, 2006</ref>

== Rehab ==
Hollywood values often result in [[Celebrity|celebrities]] going into rehab. Here are some examples:

*[[Kirsten Dunst]] checked into the [[Cirque Lodge]] treatment facility in [[Utah]] after a week of hard partying at the [[Sundance Film Festival]], according to a source at the lodge, although the lodge's director of operations denies this. <ref name = "foxkirsten">
[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,329545,00.html Reports Say Kirsten Dunst in Rehab; Rep for Facility Denies It], ''[[Fox News]]'', February 08, 2008</ref>

The following all checked into the above facility seeking treatment for various psychological problems:

*[[Lindsay Lohan]] <ref name = "foxkirsten"/>
*[[Eva Mendes]] <ref name = "foxkirsten"/>
*[[Mary-Kate Olsen]] <ref name = "foxkirsten"/>

== Hypocrisy ==

Hollywood personalities often propose legislation such as outlawing private gun ownership, or speak out against things such as anti-gun laws, but have at the same time acted the opposite:

* [[George Clooney]] on hearing that fellow actor and guns-rights advocate, [[Charlton Heston]], suffers from Alzheimer's disease, said: ''"I don't care. Charlton Heston is the head of the [[National Rifle Association]]. He deserves whatever anyone says about him."''<ref>http://www.funnyreign.com/quotes-georgeclooney.shtml</ref> Clooney stared in the film ''The Peacemaker'', in which he played an American military man defending the country from a nuclear attack; scenes in the film showed him using a gun to defend himself and others.

* [[Mark Wahlberg]] upon meeting Charlton Heston on the set of the remake of ''Planet of the Apes'', Wahlberg rudely told Heston, "It was very disturbing meeting you." Later, Wahlberg would have this to say at the MTV Movie Awards: ''"I believe Charlton Heston is America's best villain because he loves guns so much. Maybe he should get the award for being president of the National Rifle Association."''<ref>http://www.keepandbeararms.com/information/XcIBViewItem.asp?ID=2360</ref> Wahlberg's character in ''Planet of the Apes'' uses a gun to defend himself and other humans from the apes who would rule over them.

==Books==
* ''Hollywood Against America''
* ''Hollywood Babylon'' (1965) by Kenneth Anger (US edition)
* ''Hollywood Babylon II'' (1984) by Kenneth Anger

== References ==

<references/>

[[category:entertainment]]
[[Category:Liberals]]

Axiom of Choice

2008-03-28T23:10:15Z

Bronzefinger: remove unsource statement

The '''Axiom of Choice''' ('''AC''')<ref>There are numerous equivalent mathematical descriptions of the Axiom of Choice. Here are two:
::<math>\forall x\;(\forall y\;y\in x\Rightarrow\exists z\; z\in y)\;\exists S\;(\forall z\;z\in x\Rightarrow\exists w\;w\in z\;\wedge\;w\in S)\;\wedge\;(\forall v\;v\in z\;\wedge\;v\in S\Rightarrow v=w)</math>

and
::<math>\forall x\neq\varnothing\;\exists S\;(\forall z\in x\;\exists_1w\in z\cap S).</math></ref> is an [[axiom]] of [[Zermelo-Fraenkel]] set theory holding that:<ref>Stephen Willard, "General Topology" 1.17, p. 9 (Dover 2004)</ref>

::given any collection of sets, however large, we can pick one element from each set in the collection.

In layman's terms, the Axiom of Choice is "For every nonempty set there is a choice function." Or, "We can choose one element from every element of a nonempty set of disjoint sets and this process by which we choose these sets will set up a new set." More precisely, the Axiom of Choice states that:

::For every collection of nonempty sets S, there exists a function f such that f(S) is a member of S for every possible S.

Mathworld explains the Axiom of Choice as follows:<ref>http://mathworld.wolfram.com/AxiomofChoice.html</ref>

::Given any set of mutually disjoint nonempty sets, there exists at least one set that contains exactly one element in common with each of the nonempty sets.

Yet another helpful explanation of the Axiom of Choice is this:<ref>http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2003/5/23/134430/275</ref>

::If you have a collection of sets C (which may potentially contain an uncountably large number of sets), then there exists a set H, called the choice set, which contains precisely one element from each (non-empty) set in C. H is called the "choice set" because you are essentially going through each set in C and choosing one element from it. One feature of the Axiom of Choice is that H is simply assumed to exist; there is no algorithm given which might tell you how to construct an example of H.

The Axiom of Choice has many equivalent statements, such as the [[Tychonoff theorem]], the [[Well-Ordering Theorem]], the existence of [[cardinal number]]s, the existence of a basis for every vector space, and the existence of subsets of the real line which do not have a well-defined [[Lebesgue measure]]. In [[algebra]] it is common to use [[Zorn's Lemma]] (also equivalent to the Axiom of Choice) to study [[ideal]]s in infinite [[Noetherian ring]]s.

Despite its usefulness, many mathematicians reject the Axiom of Choice. "It bothers some people because it asserts the existence of a set ... without giving enough information to determine that set uniquely (by applying a finite number of rules), and it is the ''only'' formal set-theoretical axiom which does this. For this reason it is customary to mention the axiom of choice whenever it is used. It need not be used if the number of sets is finite."<ref>Willard, ''supra'', 1.17, p. 9.</ref>

The rejection of the Axiom of Choice reflects a preference for constructive [[Proof|mathematical proofs]]. AC, by its very nature, is nonconstructive, since it merely asserts that a choice function exists, but does not give an explicit method for its construction. Since the Axiom of Choice is independent of the other axioms, results provable with it may be verified with the other axioms.

Use of the Axiom of Choice has led to some seemingly absurd results. In the [[Banach-Tarski Paradox]], the Axiom of Choice is used to prove that a solid sphere of infinitely divisible parts may be chopped up and reconstructed as two new spheres of identical size, thereby creating 2 out of only 1. This paradox is proven only through use of the Axiom of Choice, and the authors of this proof did so to criticize this Axiom. One attempt to resolve this apparent contradiction is to show that physical spheres are not [[Lebesgue measurable]].<ref>http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2003/5/23/134430/275</ref>

== Use of the Axiom of Choice ==

The highly publicized proof of [[Fermat's Last Theorem]] relies on the Axiom of Choice. {{fact}}

== Sources ==

*http://www.math.vanderbilt.edu/~schectex/ccc/choice.html

== References ==

<references/>

[[category:set theory]]
[[category:mathematics]]

Liberals and Academia

2008-03-24T13:15:19Z

Bronzefinger: /* Shocking Murders and Crimes by Professors */ clarify what daniel storm did

The phrase '''professor values''' refers to the lack of morals and values in the culture of college faculties, which is characterized by [[atheism]], [[censorship]], [[socialism]], unjustified claims of expertise and knowledge, advocacy of [[liberal]] beliefs, [[liberal grading]], [[liberal bias]], anti-patriotism, plagiarism, false claims of credentials, lack of productivity, [[bullying]] or discouraging students (particularly homeschoolers),<ref>http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/03/21/AR2008032101451.html?referrer=emailarticle</ref> and promotion of sexual immorality.

In a Zogby poll, 58% of [[Americans]] said that the bias of professors is a serious problem, while 39% said it is a "very serious" problem.<ref>http://www.zogby.com/news/ReadNews.dbm?ID=1334</ref>

[[Liberal]] politicians are routinely given high-ranking academic positions over better-qualified candidates. Examples include:

* [[Al Gore]]<ref>Beginning early in 2001, "Gore will be [at UCLA] to develop a new curriculum for family-centered community building, a multidisciplinary approach that brings together authorities from such fields as education, business and public policy to work on problems that ail our society and affect our children. ... He also will be teaching at three other universities - Columbia University's Graduate School of Journalism, Middle Tennessee State University in Murfreesboro and Fisk University in Nashville - in addition to his teaching and research work at UCLA." [http://spotlight.ucla.edu/special-guests/al-gore_teach/]</ref>
*[[Michael Dukakis]]
*[[Gary Hart]]
*[[Bob Kerrey]]
* [[Tony Blair]]
There are about 3600 colleges, many small, and perhaps 500,000 professors. Yet there have been a relatively large number of shocking crimes and bizarre conduct.

== Shocking Murders and Crimes by Professors ==

* [[Villanova University]] professor Edward R. Ritter was arrested on March 21, 2008 and charged with selling marijuana to undercover police officers, and a subsequent search of his home uncovered 19 bags of marijuana.<ref>http://www.philly.com/inquirer/local/pa/20080322_Villanova_professor_arrested_on_drug_charges.html</ref>

* Kansas State University English professor Thomas Murray was a popular teacher, but he was convicted of murdering his ex-wife with 17 stab wounds and blunt trauma to her head. She "was found dead in her bedroom atop a dresser."<ref>http://www.courttv.com/trials/murray/backgrounder_ctv.html</ref> Professor Murray had written several books, including "The Language of Sadomasochism."<ref>''Id.''</ref> He did not testify in his defense and spoke only at sentencing, where he called the state's case a "fairy tale."<ref>http://www.kansaspublicradio.org/newsstory.php?itemID=5892</ref>

* Shortly after the end of the school year and his contract, Marshall University Psychiatry associate professor John M. Adams burglarized and murdered Bobby Burns on July 2, 2003, and then kidnapped two women and forced them to drive him across the Ohio River.<ref>http://www.enquirer.com/editions/2004/07/29/loc_ohprofessor29.html</ref>

* University of South Florida professor Sami al-Arian pled guilty to "aiding a terrorist group" and was "sentenced to 57 months in prison."<ref>http://www.nysun.com/article/72228</ref><ref>http://www.mysuncoast.com/Global/story.asp?S=7961089&nav=menu577_2_1</ref> He then "spent more than a year in civil contempt after refusing to appear before two grand juries investigating Islamic charities in Northern Virginia."<ref>http://www.nysun.com/article/72228</ref>

* Claremont McKenna College visiting professor Kerri Dunn was sentenced to a year in state prison after she was found guilty of staging a phony [[hate crime]], in which she "spray-painted her car with racist and anti-Semitic slurs and then reported a hate crime on campus."<ref>http://www.knbc.com/education/3998600/detail.html</ref>

* University of Hawaii professor Marc Fossorier was arrested and later convicted and sentenced to one year in jail for attempting a sex crime with a girl apparently only 15 years old.<ref>http://kgmb9.com/main/content/view/4582/40/</ref>

* A [[New Jersey]] Cumberland County College professor "was arrested on charges of harassment, trespassing and stalking."<ref>http://www.thedailyjournal.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080305/NEWS01/80305019/1002</ref>

* University of Central Florida political science professor Michael Shawn Reichert was arrested for having "a stash of more than 100 child pornography pictures on his work computer," "plus three pornographic movies."<ref>http://blogs.orlandosentinel.com/news_local_orlandocrime/2007/07/ucf-professor-a.html</ref>

* [[University of Wisconsin]] adjunct professor Victor M. Zamudio-Taylor resigned after being charged with viewing child-pornography in a campus computer laboratory.<ref>http://badgerherald.com/news/2002/03/19/uwmilwaukee_professo.php</ref>

* A [[British]] university professor was gaoled for ten months for plotting to defraud a hospital trust. <ref>http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20010626/ai_n14398964</ref>

* [[French]] [[Marxist]] [[structuralist]] [[philosopher]] Professor [[Louis Althusser]] (1918-1990) killed his wife in 1980 and was afterwards confined to a psychiatric hospital.

* Professor Daniel Storm, of the University of Washington, flushed 4 litres of the flammable solvent ethyl ether down the sink, rather than pay the safe disposal fees. Assistant U.S. Attorney Jim Oesterle said that his using an axe to open the containers was particularly dangerous because a spark could easily have ignited the ether. <ref>http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2003607035_uwprof08m0.html</ref>

* An Associate Professor at Youngstown State University was locked up and fined $50 after baring his buttocks in front of children at a county fair. <ref>http://www.thejambar.com/home/index.cfm?event=displayArticlePrinterFriendly&uStory_id=38283b71-1223-4e85-929f-ba0f932d5366</ref>

== Shocking Behavior ==

*Emory University History Professor of History [[Michael Bellesiles]], a [[gun control]] advocate, wrote a book entitled ''Arming America, The Origins of a National Gun Culture'' (2000). Gary Wills gave it a glowing review in ''The New York Times'', but admitted later that "I was took. The book is a fraud."<ref>Jonah Goldberg, [http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/opinion/columnists/guests/s_501644.html ''Reports of the 2nd Amendment's death have been greatly exaggerated ...''] Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, Apr. 8, 2007.</ref> Bellesiles resigned from his position as Professor of History when an independent committee of scholars examined his work and concluded that "his scholarly integrity is seriously in question."<ref>http://hnn.us/articles/1069.html</ref>

*88 Duke professors -- more than 10 percent of the [[liberal]] Duke professorial faculty - endorsed and published an advertisement hurtful to students who had been wrongly accused of rape during a lacrosse team party, which "helped create the lynch-mob atmosphere."<ref>http://www.nypost.com/seven/03232007/postopinion/opedcolumnists/duke__who_wont_pay_opedcolumnists_john_podhoretz.htm</ref>

* When student Rebecca Beach circulated an email at Warren Community College in New Jersey disclosing that decorated Iraq war hero Lt. Col. Scott Rutter would be visiting, English professor John Daly replied: "Real freedom will come when soldiers in Iraq turn their guns on their superiors."<ref>http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=47461</ref>

(add more examples)

== References ==

<references/>

[[Category:Liberals]]

Mike Enzi

2008-03-22T19:19:39Z

Bronzefinger: add descriptive text to references - replace dead link - update votes percentage

[[Image:Enzi.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Mike Enzi]]
'''Mike Enzi''' is a [[conservative]] [[Republican]] [[United States Senator]] from [[Wyoming]]. He was elected to the [[United States Senate]] in 1997 and has been reelected ever since.<ref>[http://www.senate.gov/~enzi/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=AboutSenatorEnzi.AboutMike About Senator Enzi] at [http://www.senate.gov/index.htm U.S. Senate website]</ref> Over the course of the current (110th) Congress, Enzi has voted with a majority of his Republican colleagues 88.6% of the time, as of March 22, 2008.<ref>[http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/e000285/ Michael Enzi] at Congress Votes Database - [[Washington Post]] </ref>
He previously served in the Wyoming Air National Guard from 1967-1973.

==References==
<references/>

[[Category: United States Senators]]
[[Category: 110th United States Congress]]
[[Category: Republican Party]]
{{DEFAULTSORT: Enzi, Mike}}

Victoria Beckham

2008-03-22T18:39:18Z

Bronzefinger: remove irrelevant see alsos

[[Image:Victoria Adams.jpg|right]]
'''Victoria Beckham''' (''nee'' Adams, b. Hertfordshire, [[England]], 17 April 1974) is an English singer, former [[Spice Girl]] (Posh Spice) and wife of football (soccer) English star [[David Beckham]].
==Music Career==
===Spice Girls===
The Spice Girls were the British pop super-group of the 1990s.
====Albums====
*Spice (1996)
*Spiceworld (1997)
*Forever (2000)
===Solo===
In 2000, Victoria released her first solo single "Out Of Your Mind". Her autobiography, ''Learning to Fly'', was published in 2001. In 2007, Victoria won in London two Glamour Awards: one for ''Woman of the year'' and another for ''Entrepreneur of the Year'' which celebrated her fashion achievements.

[[Image:Victoria B.jpg|right]]

== External links ==

*[http://www.infoplease.com/biography/var/victoriabeckham.html Victoria Beckham]
*[http://www.poemhunter.com/lyrics/victoria-adams/songs/page-1/ Songs - Lyrics]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Beckham, Victoria}}

[[Category:Women Singers]]

Kirby Puckett

2008-03-22T18:28:31Z

Bronzefinger: fix IMDB link - replace with one reuseable one

'''Kirby Puckett''' (March 14, 1960 – March 6, 2006) is a former [[Major League Baseball]] player who spent his career playing center field for the [[Minnesota Twins]].<ref name = "IMDB">[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1767433/bio IMDb Biography for Kirby Puckett]</ref> Puckett retired on July 12, 1996 due to glaucoma in his right eye, during his career Puckett received many accolades and awards including ten All Star Game appearances, six Gold Glove awards, a career .318 batting average, an All-Star Game MVP trophy, and two World Series Championship rings.<ref name = "IMDB"/> He is well known for his performance in Game 6 of the 1991 World Series that featured the Twins and the [[Atlanta Braves]]. During that game Puckett made a spectacular run saving jumping catch at the wall in the third inning. Later, in the eleventh inning Puckett hit a walk off home run to win the game and force a seventh game.<ref name = "IMDB"/> In 2001, Puckett was elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York.<ref>[http://www.jockbio.com/Classic/Puckett/Puckett_bio.html Kirby Puckett Biography at JockBio]</ref> Puckett is regarded by many as the greatest Minnesota Twin of all time.<ref>[http://www.nutcan.com/article/The_Five_Most_Important_Figures_in_Minnesota_Sports_History.php The Five Most Important Figures in Minnesota Sports History]</ref>

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Baseball players]]

Liberal hate speech

2008-03-09T14:39:14Z

Bronzefinger: /* Liberal race baiting */ turn links into references

==Liberal hate speech against persons with disabilities==
*[[Rush Limbaugh]]
*News24 of South Africa has on its website an obituary for [[Ronald Reagan]] entitled, ''Gay about Reagan's death''. <ref>[http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1538744,00.html ''Gay about Reagan's death''], News24, 07/06/2004.</ref> and quotes Jon Beaupre, a gay journalist and Los Angeles radio talk show host as saying, "I have a feeling that an awful lot of [[gay]] people are going to be cheering, that 'Ding-dong! The wicked witch is dead'."

*Actor [[George Clooney]] is unapologetic about tasteless ridicule of an [[Alzheimer's]] sufferer:
:KURTZ: O'Reilly also criticized you for making a joke about [[Charlton Heston]], the former NRA chief, having Alzheimer's.

:CLOONEY: Yes.

:KURTZ: Was that in poor taste in retrospect?

:CLOONEY: Yes, oh, yes. It was in poor taste. It was a funny joke. It was in a room of 100 people. Yeah, (UNINTELLIGIBLE). I have a lot of good friends who -- in fact, I have a very good friend who is dying of Alzheimer's. And it was just a funny joke. <ref>[http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0310/26/rs.00.html Interview With George Clooney], Transcript CNN Reliable Sources, October 26, 2003.</ref>

==Liberal hate speech against women==
*In August 2007, [[Democratic]] [[2008_Presidential_Election#Declared_Democratic_Party_Candidates|Presidential hopeful]] [[John Edwards]] viciously attacked social commentator [[Ann Coulter]], calling the petite embodiment of women's aspirations for equality in the marketplace of ideas a "she-devil" <ref>[http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalradar/2007/08/edwards-calls-c.html Edwards Calls Coulter 'She-Devil'], ''ABC News'', August 17, 2007.</ref>

==Liberal hate speech against African-Americans==
*[[U.S. Supreme Court]] Justice [[Clarence Thomas]] has been the relentless target of the most vile liberal hatred since his appointment; Spike Lee called him "A handkerchief-head, chicken-and-biscuit-eating Uncle Tom."

*[[Colin Powell]] is a respected and popular Statesman who rejected offers to be drafted for President in 1996. In an interview, [[liberal activist]] Harry Belefonte stated, "there are those slaves who lived on the plantation, and there were those slaves who lived in the house. You got the privilege of living in the house if you served the master to exactly the way the master intended to have you serve him. That gave you privilege. Colin Powell is permitted to come into the house of the master, as long as he will serve the master according to the master's dictates." <ref>[http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=06/01/30/157217&mode=thread&tid=25 Interview with Harry Belefonte], ''Democracy Now'', January 30th, 2006.</ref>

==Liberal hate speech against Hispanics==
*[[Alberto Gonzales]]. The first Hispanic U.S. Attorney General, was consistently mocked on liberal websites as 'Alberto "Speedy" Gonzales' <ref>[http://boards.historychannel.com/thread.jspa?threadID=800028910&start=0 ''Speedy Gonzales to Resign''], Aug 27, 2007. Retrieved from History.com message boards August 30, 2007.</ref> during his tenure. Speedy Gonzales is a reference to a disparaging stereotypical cartoon character of Hispanics that Hollywood attempted to popularize in the 1950s and 60s. Upon his retirement, ''[[NBC News]]'' anchor [[Matt Lauer]] called Gonzales "a piñata" for the Democrats. [http://newsbusters.org/static/2007/08/2007-08-28-NBC-TDYpinata.rm]

==Liberal hate speech against Jews==
*Rev. [[Jesse Jackson]] said on Jaunary 25, 1984, "all Hymie wants to talk about, is Israel; every time you go to Hymietown, that's all they want to talk about." <ref>[http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=187440 Jesse and the Jews], Michael W. Hirschorn, ''The Harvard Crimson'', March 05, 1984.</ref>
*Anti-war activist [[Cindy Sheehan]] said "Casey was killed for lies and for a [[PNAC]] Neo-Con <ref>[http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=h-antisemitism&month=0304&week=&msg=4zdiWX1EuCVzeRLDdQySKA&user=&pw= 'Neo-conservative' is a codeword for Jewish], Dr. Barry Rubin, director of the Global Research in International Affairs (GLORIA) Institute, Interdisciplinary Center of Herzliya, H-Net discussion April 6, 2003.</ref> agenda to benefit Israel", <ref>National Review, [http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=N2FjYjA3NDU2NThiZjI4YzFkYTdkZmViY2M5M2U4MTE= ''Dear Useful Idiot''], Catherine Seipp, May 26, 2006. </ref> accusing members of a vast right-wing Jewish conspiracy of being responsible for her sons death to benefit Israel.
*[[Richard Dawkins]] claimed that Jews "more or less monopolize American foreign policy." His comments have been criticized by the Anti-Defamation League as "classic Anti-Semetism."<ref>[http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/Flash.aspx/134346 Dawkins: Jews Control US Policy], Israel National News, October 8, 2007.</ref>

==Liberal hate speech against South Asians==
*[[Michael Moore]] affecting a mock Indian accent live on air and ridiculing CNN Chief Medical Correspondent Dr. Sanjay Gupta's name. <ref>[http://www.racewire.org/archives/2007/07/moore_attacks_cnn_network_spew.html Moore attacks CNN network, spews anti-South Asian sentiments], ''RaceWire.org'', July 10, 2007.</ref>

==Liberal hate speech against people of faith==

*[[Radical]] [[extremist]] [[Katherine Yurica]] stated the [[Republican Party]] gained power through "[[Hitler]]ian tactics", [[evangelical]] leaders from [[Billy Graham]] to [[Jerry Falwell]] "had to have read Hitler’s [[Mein Kampf]]" and [[Christian]]s have "[[fascist]]ic tendencies."<ref>[http://www.ird-renew.org/site/apps/s/content.asp?c=fvKVLfMVIsG&b=494491&ct=928973 ''President Bush Called “Evil,” Evangelicals Equated With Nazis at NCC-Supported Conference''], John Lomperis, The Institute on Religion and Democracy. </ref><ref>[http://the-fourth-world.blogspot.com/2006/11/apocalypse-no-christian-fascism-and.html Apocalypse No! Christian Fascism and the Nazi Legacy], Apocalypse No! An Indigenist Perspective, by Juan Santos, November 01, 2006.</ref><ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Requests_for_comment/Pravknight#POV_editing Wikipedia talk:Requests for comment/Pravknight/POV editing], Retrieved from Wikipedia October 22, 2007.</ref>

*[[Richard Dawkins]] in his 2006 book ''The God Delusion,'' states fundamentalist religion "saps the intellect,"<ref>[http://www.sciencefriday.com/pages/2006/Oct/hour2_100606.html Sciencefriday.com page on Dawkins]</ref> and refers to belief in [[God]] as a "mind-virus."<ref>[http://www.alternet.org/mediaculture/47052/ The Dawkins Delusion] by Alistair McGrath</ref>

==Liberal homophobia==
*[[HBO]] ''[[Real Time]]'' host [[Bill Maher]] 's on air [[homophobic]] comments about Republicans were [[censor]]ed by CNN. <ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2006/11/08/censored-by-cnn-bill-mah_n_33701.html Censored by CNN : Bill Maher Suggest RNC Chair Mehlman is Gay], ''The Huffington Post'', November 8, 2006.</ref>
*[[Democrat]] [[Fred Phelps]] is known for notorious inflammatory anti-homosexual rhetoric.<ref>[http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=21229 The "God Hates Fags" [[Left]],] By Mark D. Tooley, FrontPageMagazine.com, February 09, 2006.</ref>

==Liberal race baiting==
*An anonymous editor at the ''New York Times'' called Rep. [[Tom DeLay]] a grand dragon (the title of a leader of the [[Ku Klux Klan]]) of the [[Republican Party]] in Delay's [[Wikipedia]] biographical entry. <ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tom_DeLay&diff=prev&oldid=85320018 Edit to Wikipedia article on Tom DeLay]</ref><ref>[http://wikiscanner.virgil.gr/name2ip.php?orgname=New+York+Times&location= Wikiscanner results for New York Times]</ref>
==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[http://hq.protestwarrior.com/?page=/featured/PHS/PHS.php Bryan Henderson's attempts to balance socialist political science teacher], a civil libertarian come face to face with leftist hate.
*[http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=29414 Liberal hate speech], Judith Reisman, ''[[WorldNetDaily.com]]'', October 25, 2002.
*[http://www.godhatesfredphelps.com/ God Hates Fred Phelps], Retrieved from http://www.godhatesfredphelps.com/ October 25, 2007.

[[Category:Politics]]
[[Category:Deceit]]

Liberal hate speech

2008-03-09T14:33:03Z

Bronzefinger: /* Liberal race baiting */ add actual edit rather than description =-

==Liberal hate speech against persons with disabilities==
*[[Rush Limbaugh]]
*News24 of South Africa has on its website an obituary for [[Ronald Reagan]] entitled, ''Gay about Reagan's death''. <ref>[http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1538744,00.html ''Gay about Reagan's death''], News24, 07/06/2004.</ref> and quotes Jon Beaupre, a gay journalist and Los Angeles radio talk show host as saying, "I have a feeling that an awful lot of [[gay]] people are going to be cheering, that 'Ding-dong! The wicked witch is dead'."

*Actor [[George Clooney]] is unapologetic about tasteless ridicule of an [[Alzheimer's]] sufferer:
:KURTZ: O'Reilly also criticized you for making a joke about [[Charlton Heston]], the former NRA chief, having Alzheimer's.

:CLOONEY: Yes.

:KURTZ: Was that in poor taste in retrospect?

:CLOONEY: Yes, oh, yes. It was in poor taste. It was a funny joke. It was in a room of 100 people. Yeah, (UNINTELLIGIBLE). I have a lot of good friends who -- in fact, I have a very good friend who is dying of Alzheimer's. And it was just a funny joke. <ref>[http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0310/26/rs.00.html Interview With George Clooney], Transcript CNN Reliable Sources, October 26, 2003.</ref>

==Liberal hate speech against women==
*In August 2007, [[Democratic]] [[2008_Presidential_Election#Declared_Democratic_Party_Candidates|Presidential hopeful]] [[John Edwards]] viciously attacked social commentator [[Ann Coulter]], calling the petite embodiment of women's aspirations for equality in the marketplace of ideas a "she-devil" <ref>[http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalradar/2007/08/edwards-calls-c.html Edwards Calls Coulter 'She-Devil'], ''ABC News'', August 17, 2007.</ref>

==Liberal hate speech against African-Americans==
*[[U.S. Supreme Court]] Justice [[Clarence Thomas]] has been the relentless target of the most vile liberal hatred since his appointment; Spike Lee called him "A handkerchief-head, chicken-and-biscuit-eating Uncle Tom."

*[[Colin Powell]] is a respected and popular Statesman who rejected offers to be drafted for President in 1996. In an interview, [[liberal activist]] Harry Belefonte stated, "there are those slaves who lived on the plantation, and there were those slaves who lived in the house. You got the privilege of living in the house if you served the master to exactly the way the master intended to have you serve him. That gave you privilege. Colin Powell is permitted to come into the house of the master, as long as he will serve the master according to the master's dictates." <ref>[http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=06/01/30/157217&mode=thread&tid=25 Interview with Harry Belefonte], ''Democracy Now'', January 30th, 2006.</ref>

==Liberal hate speech against Hispanics==
*[[Alberto Gonzales]]. The first Hispanic U.S. Attorney General, was consistently mocked on liberal websites as 'Alberto "Speedy" Gonzales' <ref>[http://boards.historychannel.com/thread.jspa?threadID=800028910&start=0 ''Speedy Gonzales to Resign''], Aug 27, 2007. Retrieved from History.com message boards August 30, 2007.</ref> during his tenure. Speedy Gonzales is a reference to a disparaging stereotypical cartoon character of Hispanics that Hollywood attempted to popularize in the 1950s and 60s. Upon his retirement, ''[[NBC News]]'' anchor [[Matt Lauer]] called Gonzales "a piñata" for the Democrats. [http://newsbusters.org/static/2007/08/2007-08-28-NBC-TDYpinata.rm]

==Liberal hate speech against Jews==
*Rev. [[Jesse Jackson]] said on Jaunary 25, 1984, "all Hymie wants to talk about, is Israel; every time you go to Hymietown, that's all they want to talk about." <ref>[http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=187440 Jesse and the Jews], Michael W. Hirschorn, ''The Harvard Crimson'', March 05, 1984.</ref>
*Anti-war activist [[Cindy Sheehan]] said "Casey was killed for lies and for a [[PNAC]] Neo-Con <ref>[http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=h-antisemitism&month=0304&week=&msg=4zdiWX1EuCVzeRLDdQySKA&user=&pw= 'Neo-conservative' is a codeword for Jewish], Dr. Barry Rubin, director of the Global Research in International Affairs (GLORIA) Institute, Interdisciplinary Center of Herzliya, H-Net discussion April 6, 2003.</ref> agenda to benefit Israel", <ref>National Review, [http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=N2FjYjA3NDU2NThiZjI4YzFkYTdkZmViY2M5M2U4MTE= ''Dear Useful Idiot''], Catherine Seipp, May 26, 2006. </ref> accusing members of a vast right-wing Jewish conspiracy of being responsible for her sons death to benefit Israel.
*[[Richard Dawkins]] claimed that Jews "more or less monopolize American foreign policy." His comments have been criticized by the Anti-Defamation League as "classic Anti-Semetism."<ref>[http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/Flash.aspx/134346 Dawkins: Jews Control US Policy], Israel National News, October 8, 2007.</ref>

==Liberal hate speech against South Asians==
*[[Michael Moore]] affecting a mock Indian accent live on air and ridiculing CNN Chief Medical Correspondent Dr. Sanjay Gupta's name. <ref>[http://www.racewire.org/archives/2007/07/moore_attacks_cnn_network_spew.html Moore attacks CNN network, spews anti-South Asian sentiments], ''RaceWire.org'', July 10, 2007.</ref>

==Liberal hate speech against people of faith==

*[[Radical]] [[extremist]] [[Katherine Yurica]] stated the [[Republican Party]] gained power through "[[Hitler]]ian tactics", [[evangelical]] leaders from [[Billy Graham]] to [[Jerry Falwell]] "had to have read Hitler’s [[Mein Kampf]]" and [[Christian]]s have "[[fascist]]ic tendencies."<ref>[http://www.ird-renew.org/site/apps/s/content.asp?c=fvKVLfMVIsG&b=494491&ct=928973 ''President Bush Called “Evil,” Evangelicals Equated With Nazis at NCC-Supported Conference''], John Lomperis, The Institute on Religion and Democracy. </ref><ref>[http://the-fourth-world.blogspot.com/2006/11/apocalypse-no-christian-fascism-and.html Apocalypse No! Christian Fascism and the Nazi Legacy], Apocalypse No! An Indigenist Perspective, by Juan Santos, November 01, 2006.</ref><ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Requests_for_comment/Pravknight#POV_editing Wikipedia talk:Requests for comment/Pravknight/POV editing], Retrieved from Wikipedia October 22, 2007.</ref>

*[[Richard Dawkins]] in his 2006 book ''The God Delusion,'' states fundamentalist religion "saps the intellect,"<ref>[http://www.sciencefriday.com/pages/2006/Oct/hour2_100606.html Sciencefriday.com page on Dawkins]</ref> and refers to belief in [[God]] as a "mind-virus."<ref>[http://www.alternet.org/mediaculture/47052/ The Dawkins Delusion] by Alistair McGrath</ref>

==Liberal homophobia==
*[[HBO]] ''[[Real Time]]'' host [[Bill Maher]] 's on air [[homophobic]] comments about Republicans were [[censor]]ed by CNN. <ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2006/11/08/censored-by-cnn-bill-mah_n_33701.html Censored by CNN : Bill Maher Suggest RNC Chair Mehlman is Gay], ''The Huffington Post'', November 8, 2006.</ref>
*[[Democrat]] [[Fred Phelps]] is known for notorious inflammatory anti-homosexual rhetoric.<ref>[http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=21229 The "God Hates Fags" [[Left]],] By Mark D. Tooley, FrontPageMagazine.com, February 09, 2006.</ref>

==Liberal race baiting==
*An anonymous editor at the ''New York Times'' called Rep. [[Tom DeLay]] a grand dragon (the title of a leader of the [[Ku Klux Klan]]) of the [[Republican Party]] in Delay's [[Wikipedia]] biographical entry. [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tom_DeLay&diff=prev&oldid=85320018][http://wikiscanner.virgil.gr/name2ip.php?orgname=New+York+Times&location=]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[http://hq.protestwarrior.com/?page=/featured/PHS/PHS.php Bryan Henderson's attempts to balance socialist political science teacher], a civil libertarian come face to face with leftist hate.
*[http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=29414 Liberal hate speech], Judith Reisman, ''[[WorldNetDaily.com]]'', October 25, 2002.
*[http://www.godhatesfredphelps.com/ God Hates Fred Phelps], Retrieved from http://www.godhatesfredphelps.com/ October 25, 2007.

[[Category:Politics]]
[[Category:Deceit]]

Fraud

2008-03-09T11:25:11Z

Bronzefinger: add references section

A '''fraud''' is a false representation of a matter of fact which is intended to deceive another.

To prove fraud in court, a [[victim]] must prove each of the "five fingers of fraud":<ref>In re Mau, 293 B.R. 919, 923 (Bankr. C.D.Ill. 2003)</ref>

# a person made a material false statement
# he knew the statement was false
# he intended to deceive the victim
# the victim justifiably relied on the false statement
# the victim was damaged

==References==

{{reflist}}

[[category:legal terms]]

Liberals and Academia

2008-03-08T20:17:34Z

Bronzefinger: expand section on alison brading - remove reference to richard dawkins (can find no evidence she was his collegue apart from them both being at oxford) - also included reason for fine

The phrase '''Professor values''' refers to the lack of morals and values in the culture of college faculties, which is characterized by [[atheism]], [[censorship]], [[socialism]], unjustified claims of expertise and knowledge, advocacy of [[liberal]] beliefs, [[liberal grading]], [[liberal bias]], anti-patriotism, plagiarism, false claims of credentials, lack of productivity, and promotion of sexual immorality.

In a Zogby poll, 58% of [[Americans]] said that the bias of professors is a serious problem, while 39% said it is a "very serious" problem.<ref>http://www.zogby.com/news/ReadNews.dbm?ID=1334</ref>

[[Liberal]] politicians are routinely given high-ranking academic positions despite a lack of a doctorate. Examples include:

* [[Gary Hart]]
* [[Al Gore]]
* [[Bob Kerrey]]
* [[Michael Dukakis]]

There are about 3600 colleges, many small, and perhaps 500,000 professors. Yet there have been a relatively large number of shocking crimes and bizarre conduct.

== Shocking Murders and Crimes by Professors ==

* Kansas State University English professor Thomas Murray was a popular teacher, but he was convicted of murdering his ex-wife with 17 stab wounds and blunt trauma to her head. She "was found dead in her bedroom atop a dresser."<ref>http://www.courttv.com/trials/murray/backgrounder_ctv.html</ref> Professor Murray had written several books, including "The Language of Sadomasochism."<ref>''Id.''</ref> He did not testify in his defense and spoke only at sentencing, where he called the state's case a "fairy tale."<ref>http://www.kansaspublicradio.org/newsstory.php?itemID=5892</ref>

* Shortly after the end of the school year and his contract, Marshall University Psychiatry associate professor John M. Adams burglarized and murdered Bobby Burns on July 2, 2003, and then kidnapped two women and forced them to drive him across the Ohio River.<ref>http://www.enquirer.com/editions/2004/07/29/loc_ohprofessor29.html</ref>

* A [[British]] university professor was gaoled for ten months for plotting to defraud a hospital trust. <ref>http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20010626/ai_n14398964</ref>

* [[French]] [[Marxist]] [[structuralist]] [[philosopher]] Professor [[Louis Althusser]] (1918-1990) killed his wife in 1980 and was afterwards confined to a psychiatric hospital.

* British history professor Felipe Fernandez-Armesto was incarcerated for jaywalking and defiance of police instructions in [[Atlanta]]. <ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/6251431.stm</ref>

* Alison Brading, a professor at Oxford University, is fined for breaching local conservation ordinances in Oxford, for replacing a door of her 18th Century cottage, to an easier to open one, after she claimed the old one often expanded and jammed, trapping her in the house. <ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/oxfordshire/4463470.stm</ref>

* Axe-wielding Professor Daniel Storm, of the University of Washington, polluted using ether to save paying safe disposal fees.<ref>http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2003607035_uwprof08m0.html</ref>

* An Associate Professor at Youngstown State University was locked up and fined $50 after baring his buttocks in front of children at a county fair. <ref>http://www.thejambar.com/home/index.cfm?event=displayArticlePrinterFriendly&uStory_id=38283b71-1223-4e85-929f-ba0f932d5366</ref>

== Shocking Behavior ==

*Emory University History Professor of History [[Michael Bellesiles]], a [[gun control]] advocate, wrote a book entitled ''Arming America, The Origins of a National Gun Culture'' (2000). Gary Wills gave it a glowing review in ''The New York Times'', but admitted later that "I was took. The book is a fraud."<ref>Jonah Goldberg, [http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/opinion/columnists/guests/s_501644.html ''Reports of the 2nd Amendment's death have been greatly exaggerated ...''] Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, Apr. 8, 2007.</ref> Bellesiles resigned from his position as Professor of History when an independent committee of scholars examined his work and concluded that "his scholarly integrity is seriously in question."<ref>http://hnn.us/articles/1069.html</ref>

*88 Duke professors -- more than 10 percent of the [[liberal]] Duke professorial faculty - endorsed and published an advertisement hurtful to students who had been wrongly accused of rape during a lacrosse team party, which "helped create the lynch-mob atmosphere."<ref>http://www.nypost.com/seven/03232007/postopinion/opedcolumnists/duke__who_wont_pay_opedcolumnists_john_podhoretz.htm</ref>

* When student Rebecca Beach circulated an email at Warren Community College in New Jersey disclosing that decorated Iraq war hero Lt. Col. Scott Rutter would be visiting, English professor John Daly replied: "Real freedom will come when soldiers in Iraq turn their guns on their superiors."<ref>http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=47461</ref>

(add more examples)

== References ==

<references/>

[[Category:Liberals]]

Hamilton Square Baptist Church Riot

2008-03-07T18:54:11Z

Bronzefinger: add more reuseable references

[[Image:HamSquare.jpg|thumbnail|200px|right|Hamilton Square Baptist Church]]
The [[documentary film]] [[A Nation Adrift]] chronicles some of the events that took place during the '''Hamilton Square Baptist Church riot''' in [[San Francisco]] on the date of September 19, 1993 in which a angry group of male [[homosexuals]] and [[lesbian]]s vandalized church property, assaulted church members, terrorized church congregants, screamed profanity, threw rocks, harassed and scared children, and disrupted a church service.<ref name = "ctoday">[[Christianity Today]], November 8, 1993, v37, page 57</ref><ref name = "hamsquaresep1993">http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref> <ref name = hamsquarebarko">http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiots_Barko_Account.htm</ref><ref>http://www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=41037</ref> During the riot the rioters pounded on the church doors and attempted to kick them down. When the rioters saw church children standing in the lobby, they shouted "We want your children. Give us your children." <ref name = "hamsquaresep1993"/> During the riot an eight year old mentally handicapped girl was verbally accosted when exiting through the front entrance of the church and was so traumatized that she fell down the church steps.<ref name = "hamsquaresep1993"/> In addition, a nine year old boy, was hysterically crying and said "They are after me. It's me they want." The nine year old boy did not calm down until the family was several miles from the building.<ref name = "hamsquaresep1993"/>

According to Pastor David Innes, Senior Pastor of Hamilton Square Baptist church, the protesters
denied people entrance to the church and in some cases did it by physical contact. <ref name = "ctoday"/>

When people entered the church demonstrators gave out phony flyers said to be church flyers. In addition, the phony flyers were also put on automobile windshields in the surrounding area.<ref name = "baptistpillar">http://www.baptistpillar.com/bd0204.htm</ref> By 6:00 PM that evening a riotous conditions were under way and the rioters had control of the outside church property. <ref name = "baptistpillar"/> The church asked the officer in charge several times to remove the protesters but the officer stated that things were completely under control and that police regulations and procedures prevented him from removing the rioters.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/>

Near the start of the church service a usher who placed himself to assist members to enter the church.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> The church usher saw church property being destroyed and told an officer who turned away and ignored him.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> The rioters recognized the usher as a member of the church and surrounded him so he could not move.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/>
[[Image:Wicked.jpg|thumb|left|150px|The book ''When the Wicked Seize a City'' by Dr. [[Chuck McIlhenny]] recounts he and his church were terrorized by [[homosexuality|homosexual]] activists in San Francisco.]]
Below is a news release which describes the rioters denying people access to the church:
{{cquote|[[Chuck McIlhenny|Pastor Charles and Donna McIlhenny]] were refused entry by the rioters, and told they could not enter the building. The doors were completely blocked by the rioters. Pastor McIlhenny held on to Donna as they began to make their way through the mob who were shouting and screaming in their ears, "You will not enter this church." The rioters assaulted them, pushing and shoving them, seeking to keep them from the front door. One of them grabbed Donna's body, lifting her off the ground, and attempted to pull her back away from the entry. She stretched her arms out for help from a near by police officer who offered no assistance. Her son, seeing she was in trouble, pleaded with the officers to assist her. The officers appeared so overwhelmed by the rioters that they were unable to take control of the situation. Both of her hands were scratched (the skin was broken).

Finally, the church's caretaker grabbed her outstretched arms and pulled her through to the door, out of the hands of the rioters. As they made their way past the three police officers at the door, they were pelted by rocks, which also struck the window panes of the entry doors. Several members from Pastor McIlhenny's church also were accosted and had to flee to a side entrance. There they also found the entry blocked and had to remain outside until the riot police arrived and let them in the building. Pastor McIlhenny's son, Ryan and his friend were not able to enter the building. <ref name = "baptistpillar"/>}}

The news release also describes the following:

A mother and her six year old daughter were told they could not enter the building.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> A rioter grabbed the six year old's arm while she was clinging to her mother and the rioter began interrogating the six year old girl.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> The mother and daughter finally gained entry into the church by passing through the rioters.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> The child was terrified and began crying.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> The mother also had invited an elderly friend to the church who was refused entry by the group of rioters.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> Twenty minutes passed by before the mother was able to get her elderly friend into the church service.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> Many other elderly and children were terrorized by the rioters. One couple who regularly attended the church were hindered from entering the church by the rioters who had been moved to the sidewalk.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> When the woman of the couple entered the church she was so distressed that one of our other ladies at the church had to help her calm down.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> Another member stood across the street from the church and did not enter the church because of fear of being subject to physical violence.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/>

Some of the details of the September 19, 1993 event are disputed. Noah Griffin, a spokesperson
for the San Francisco mayor's office, stated that "No police officer in San Francisco would stand by while someone trying to enter a church is assaulted." <ref name = "ctoday"/> However, Pastor Innes told ''[[Christianity Today]]'' that "We stand by everything in the news release. We put nothing in it that cannot be verified with video, eyewitnesses, and pictures." <ref name = "ctoday"/> In addition, the following was reported in the October 28, 1993 edition of The [[San Francisco Chronicle]]:
{{cquote|Although the two-hour protest received scant attention locally, Innis buttressed his campaign and the police investigation with videotape shot by a member of his congregation. The tape shows demonstrators jostling members entering the church, engaging in a brief shoving match with outnumbered police officers and trying to kick open a side door.}}

San Francisco Police Captain Rich Cairnes stated said he was dismayed when he saw the videotape and stated the following:
{{cquote|It sort of amazed me watching the film that it got to that level," Cairnes said. "I was upset that it did get that far . . . that the rights of people going to church should be attacked. That's one of our basic freedoms in this country. And it's something that just won't be tolerated again.<ref name = "SFChronOct28">The San Francisco Chronicle, October 28, 1993</ref>}}

The church believes that the police department acted poorly during the riot. According to the church, "In spite of all this malicious disruption, not a single arrest was made by police outside of one citizen's arrest. The church's property was not secured, and the fundamental rights of the worshippers were not protected because, we were told, "The Board of Supervisors would never support the measures necessary to do so."" <ref name = "hamsquaresep1993"/>
[[Image:Rev. Louis P. Sheldon Photo.jpg|thumb|left|[[Louis Sheldon]]]]
The day of the riot was the day Reverend [[Louis Sheldon]], of the [[Traditional Values Coalition]], was a guest speaker.<ref name = "hamsquaresep1993"/>
Only the church's membership and regular attenders were notified of the service, through the church's bulletin. No public notice or invitation was made in regards to the guest speaker. <ref name = "hamsquaresep1993"/> However, the September 16, 1993 edition of the [[Bay Area Reporter]], the meeting was made public in a front page article using inflammatory language. <ref name = "hamsquaresep1993"/> In addition, two homosexual newspapers called for a protest. <ref name = "ctoday"/> The church received telephone calls prior to the Reverend Sheldon's arrival demanding that he should not come and threatening to disrupt the service.
<ref name = "hamsquaresep1993"/><ref name = "ctoday"/> In addition, two people visited the church and told a church employee that the church could not have Reverend Sheldon as a guest speaker at the church and that they were going to stop it from happening.<ref name = "hamsquaresep1993"/>

Pastor Innes told ''Christianity Today'' that he does not blame the San Francisco police but those in political power especially the board of supervisors. Innes stated, "You really can't compare San Francisco with any other city. Homosexual advocates infiltrate
and dominate the political structures here. Police are in straitjackets. They can't do their job. They've been instructed not to arrest homosexuals."<ref name = "ctoday"/> Griffin responded by saying that "The gist of the phone calls we've been receiving is that police do not do anything because of the gay voting bloc in this city. That simply is not true." <ref name = "ctoday"/> Pastor Innes countered though by citing a letter written by a 25 year veteran
of the San Francisco police force which was published in a September 30, 1993 edition
of the San Francisco Chronicle newspaper. <ref name = "ctoday"/> In police officers letter, the officer describes a
recent assignment regarding keeping things under control at the San Francisco's Folsom Street
Fair. <ref name = "ctoday"/> According to the letter the officer described, the fair included food and craft booths, but "appeared to have as its main theme a public display of the private sexual practices and preferences of consenting adults." <ref name = "ctoday"/> The officer described seeing totally naked male couples publically engaging in lewd sex.<ref name = "ctoday"/> The officer in his letter stated that he was "highly embarrassed" when people asked him he was not making any arrests. <ref name = "ctoday"/> The officer stated that "At least a dozen times I had to painstakingly explain that we were to take a position of 'high tolerance' and not to create an incident." <ref name = "ctoday"/>
[[Image:Peter.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Peter LaBarbera]]]]
Christianity Today also reported the following regarding the incident:
{{cquote|Although Sheldon has had his home painted with graffiti and his office littered with manure by radical homosexuals, this is the first time he was targeted at a church. According to [[Peter LaBarbera]], editor of the Lambda Report, a California-based newsletter that monitors the homosexual movement, the incident represents a trend toward increased militancy among homosexual activists.<ref name = "ctoday"/>}}

Peter LaBarbera adds: "It's ironic that gay activist leaders claim they want more tolerance
when, in fact, they are among the most intolerant people this country's
got going."<ref name = "ctoday"/> LaBarbera further states that the church protest is "an immensely important event because it signals the intolerance they have for people's religious views." <ref name = "ctoday"/>

Police Inspector Robert O'Sullivan called the riot the worst San Francisco church protest since 1983, when arsonists burned the First Orthodox Presbyterian Church where [[Chuck McIlhenny|the minister]] had preached against homosexuality.<ref name = "SFChronOct28"/>

A October 28, 1993 San Francisco Chronicle article titled, "S.F. Police to Seek Charges in Sept. 19 Church Protest by Gays" states the following regarding Police Inspector Robert O'Sullivan:
{{cquote|O'Sullivan said police have forwarded a criminal complaint from the latest protest to the district attorney's office and focused their investigation on "three or four" of the organizers of the demonstration. The protesters, he said, could be charged with trespassing, vandalism and disrupting a religious service.<ref>San Francisco Chronicle, October 28, 1993, article titled: "S.F. Police to Seek Charges in Sept. 19 Church Protest by Gays"</ref>}}

== Post Riot Public and Press Reaction ==

After the riot, there was a local news blackout regarding the riot among the local press according to David C. Innes who is the senior pastor of Hamilton Square Baptist Church.<ref name = "hamsquarenov1993">http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref> However, news of the attack on Hamilton Square Baptist Church spread fast across [[Christianity|Christian]] radio and television and a audio tape of the rioters seeking to break down the church doors was played in thousands of churches.
<ref name = "hamsquarenov1993"/> Thousands of calls came pouring into the offices of San Francisco's Board of Supervisors and coverage by the [[Christian Broadcast Network]] broadcast were major factors in ending the local news blackout concerning the riot.<ref name = "hamsquarenov1993"/> Also, according to the church, "Concerned citizens from all across America flooded the telephone switchboards of City Hall, but their phone calls were diverted to the City Sewage Treatment department."<ref name = hamsquarebarko"/> In addition, according to Pastor Innes, "Foreign embassies were notified of the incident. What began as an attack upon a church under cover of a news blackout became a "shot heard around the world"."<ref name = "hamsquarenov1993"/>

An executive from a large multinational corporation called the San Francisco Convention and Visitors Bureau and informed the bureau that the corporation he represents made a decision not to bring conventions utilizing 30,000 hotel rooms to the city because of the city's failure to protect the Hamilton Square Baptist Church.<ref name = "hamsquarenov1993"/> In addition, after the riot Christian groups threatened to boycott San Francisco.<ref name = "lasvegas">The Las Vegas Review-Journal, November 9, 1993</ref> A November 11, 1993 editorial in the San Francisco Chronicle stated the following: "The demonstrators at Hamilton Square Baptist Church endangered not only their own cause but the cause of freedom itself."<ref>San Francisco Chronicle, November 11, 1993</ref>
[[Image:AAC-2544.jpg|thumbnail|200px|right|Mayor [[Frank Jordan]]]]
Three days after the riot, Mayor Frank Jordan, the Chief of Police, and a representative from the District Attorney's office assured the church that a another event like the riot would not be permitted.<ref name = "hamsquarenov1993"/> However,
according to Pastor Innes, "Meanwhile, the Board of Supervisors with one or two exceptions has to this day stonewalled, denying that anything illegal or inappropriate had ever happened." <ref name = "hamsquarenov1993"/> Thus, according to Pastor Innes, "To protest the Board of Supervisors denial of any wrongdoing as well as their approval and blessing upon those who rioted against the Church, a Freedom Rally was held on Monday, November 8." <ref name = "hamsquarenov1993"/> The Freedom Rally brought 400 plus pastors and laymen from across the United States and represented over sixty thousand churches.<ref name = "hamsquarenov1993"/> According to Pastor Innes police protection was superb during the Freedom Rally.<ref name = "hamsquarenov1993"/> The major newspapers and news networks covered the Freedom Rally and according to Pastor Innes most of the coverage was favorable. <ref name = "hamsquarenov1993"/>

Below is a Hamilton Square Baptist Church members description of the Freedom Rally:
{{cquote|We planned a “Pastor’s Freedom Rally” for early November, and invited hundreds of Christian leaders to come to our city and take a stand for righteousness. This church hosted approximately 400 pastors and Christian leaders, who joined us to hold high the cause of Christ, and make a statement to the City of San Francisco, that truth, freedom to worship, and the cause of Christ, was alive and well. We marched from the church to City Hall. This time we had complete police protection. As we approached the steps of City Hall, the protestors parted like the Red Sea! As we waited outside the chambers of the Board of Supervisors, a protestor began to sing a sad, mournful song. His performance didn’t last long as 400 men lifted the rotunda off the building by singing in unison – Amazing Grace, how sweet the sound that saved a wretch like me . . .<ref name = hamsquarebarko"/>}}

After the riot, a meeting was held in the chambers of the Board of Supervisors. Local television news cameras and the Christian Broadcasting Network recorded the meeting.<ref>The San Francisco Chronicle, November 9, 1993</ref>

According to Pastor Innes the following took place at the meeting:
{{cquote|Soon after three o'clock in the afternoon, time was given to speak to the issue of the riot at the church. Speakers alternated, pro and con. When Dr. Lou Sheldon stood at the podium to speak, a major confrontation broke out. The homosexuals and lesbians attempted to deny Dr. Sheldon his right to speak. It was only after several minutes and a threat to clear the chambers that he was able to address the Supervisors. After he spoke, he was assaulted by a man in the front row who spat on him. Eight or ten police officers swiftly entered the chambers, dragged the man out of the room and arrested him.

Shortly thereafter, the pastor of the Hamilton Square Baptist Church, Dr. David C. Innes was intentionally denied his turn to present his complaint to the Supervisors. Supervisor Terrance Hallinan, the one who has described the churches' moral teachings as "an abomination", made a parliamentary move on behalf of Supervisor Migden that cut off discussion of the matter. (Dr. Innes was going to give the homosexual flag back to Supervisor Migden, a gesture that would have been extremely embarrassing to her) [a homosexual flag had been run up the church flag pole during the riot and removed by a church employee. The homosexual flag was run up the flag pole again during the riot and when a church employee tried to remove it he was assaulted and pushed back].<ref name = "hamsquarenov1993"/><ref name = "hamsquaresep1993"/>}}

In addition, Carl Herbster, Pastor of Tri-City Baptist Church in Kansas City, Missouri, stated at the Board of Supervisors meeting: "Your city is known worldwide now as a city that is not willing to protect religious freedom." <ref name = "lasvegas"/>Herbster also told the Board of supervisors that in regards to San Francisco "major corporations are considering canceling their reservations for conventions because of what took place."<ref>San Francisco Chronicle, November 9, 1993</ref>

At the Board of Supervisors meeting it appears as if some arrests took place. The San Francisco Chronicle states the following:
{{cquote|Of the three men arrested yesterday only was immediately identified by police. Jonathan Katz, 35, of San Francisco, was cited for inciting a riot, disturbing the peace, trespassing, battery and resisting arrest -- all misdemeanor offenses. The two other men, including the one who spat at Sheldon, were cited for battery, police said.<ref>San Franciso Chronicle, ''Arrests at Unruly Board Meeting / Gays Mix It Up With Fundamentalists'', November 9, 1993</ref>}}

Pastor Innes made the following commentary what happened on the date of September 21, 1993 a day in which a speaker spoke at their church with substantial police presence protecting the church:
{{cquote|On Sunday night, November 21, Dr. Lou Sheldon was invited back to speak along with Mr. John Paulk, a homosexual who has been gloriously saved by the grace and power of God...

The victory was sweet. The police had sent the homosexual-lesbian activists the message that they would not tolerate further violence against the churches of the city, and the leaders of the homosexual community put the protestors on notice that they were not to further the public relations disaster that began with the riot. Furthermore, because of the thousands of phone calls and letters to the Board of Supervisors and because of the impact of the Freedom Rally, the supervisors were not able to come to the rescue of the radicals as they normally would have.<ref name = "hamsquarenov1993"/>}}

In October of 1993 Innis turned over to San Francisco police a recording of a telephone message he received that month in which an anonymous caller threatened to toss "jars filled with gasoline" through the windows of his church if he filed suit against one of the gay newspapers that publicized the guest appearance of Louis Sheldon on September 19, 1993.<ref name = "SFChronOct28"/>

==External Link ==
[http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiots_Barko_Account.htm The Homosexual and Lesbian Riots - A Hamilton Square Baptist Church Member's Perspective]

==References==

{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Homosexuality]]
[[Category:Culture War]]

Hamilton Square Baptist Church Riot

2008-03-07T18:29:53Z

Bronzefinger: turn hamilton square references to 2 re-useable ones

[[Image:HamSquare.jpg|thumbnail|200px|right|Hamilton Square Baptist Church]]
The [[documentary film]] [[A Nation Adrift]] chronicles some of the events that took place during the '''Hamilton Square Baptist Church riot''' in [[San Francisco]] on the date of September 19, 1993 in which a angry group of male [[homosexuals]] and [[lesbian]]s vandalized church property, assaulted church members, terrorized church congregants, screamed profanity, threw rocks, harassed and scared children, and disrupted a church service.<ref name = "ctoday">[[Christianity Today]], November 8, 1993, v37, page 57</ref><ref name = "hamsquaresep1993">http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref> <ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiots_Barko_Account.htm</ref><ref>http://www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=41037</ref> During the riot the rioters pounded on the church doors and attempted to kick them down. When the rioters saw church children standing in the lobby, they shouted "We want your children. Give us your children." <ref name = "hamsquaresep1993"/> During the riot an eight year old mentally handicapped girl was verbally accosted when exiting through the front entrance of the church and was so traumatized that she fell down the church steps.<ref name = "hamsquaresep1993"/> In addition, a nine year old boy, was hysterically crying and said "They are after me. It's me they want." The nine year old boy did not calm down until the family was several miles from the building.<ref name = "hamsquaresep1993"/>

According to Pastor David Innes, Senior Pastor of Hamilton Square Baptist church, the protesters
denied people entrance to the church and in some cases did it by physical contact. <ref name = "ctoday"/>

When people entered the church demonstrators gave out phony flyers said to be church flyers. In addition, the phony flyers were also put on automobile windshields in the surrounding area.<ref name = "baptistpillar">http://www.baptistpillar.com/bd0204.htm</ref> By 6:00 PM that evening a riotous conditions were under way and the rioters had control of the outside church property. <ref name = "baptistpillar"/> The church asked the officer in charge several times to remove the protesters but the officer stated that things were completely under control and that police regulations and procedures prevented him from removing the rioters.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/>

Near the start of the church service a usher who placed himself to assist members to enter the church.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> The church usher saw church property being destroyed and told an officer who turned away and ignored him.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> The rioters recognized the usher as a member of the church and surrounded him so he could not move.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/>
[[Image:Wicked.jpg|thumb|left|150px|The book ''When the Wicked Seize a City'' by Dr. [[Chuck McIlhenny]] recounts he and his church were terrorized by [[homosexuality|homosexual]] activists in San Francisco.]]
Below is a news release which describes the rioters denying people access to the church:
{{cquote|[[Chuck McIlhenny|Pastor Charles and Donna McIlhenny]] were refused entry by the rioters, and told they could not enter the building. The doors were completely blocked by the rioters. Pastor McIlhenny held on to Donna as they began to make their way through the mob who were shouting and screaming in their ears, "You will not enter this church." The rioters assaulted them, pushing and shoving them, seeking to keep them from the front door. One of them grabbed Donna's body, lifting her off the ground, and attempted to pull her back away from the entry. She stretched her arms out for help from a near by police officer who offered no assistance. Her son, seeing she was in trouble, pleaded with the officers to assist her. The officers appeared so overwhelmed by the rioters that they were unable to take control of the situation. Both of her hands were scratched (the skin was broken).

Finally, the church's caretaker grabbed her outstretched arms and pulled her through to the door, out of the hands of the rioters. As they made their way past the three police officers at the door, they were pelted by rocks, which also struck the window panes of the entry doors. Several members from Pastor McIlhenny's church also were accosted and had to flee to a side entrance. There they also found the entry blocked and had to remain outside until the riot police arrived and let them in the building. Pastor McIlhenny's son, Ryan and his friend were not able to enter the building. <ref name = "baptistpillar"/>}}

The news release also describes the following:

A mother and her six year old daughter were told they could not enter the building.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> A rioter grabbed the six year old's arm while she was clinging to her mother and the rioter began interrogating the six year old girl.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> The mother and daughter finally gained entry into the church by passing through the rioters.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> The child was terrified and began crying.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> The mother also had invited an elderly friend to the church who was refused entry by the group of rioters.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> Twenty minutes passed by before the mother was able to get her elderly friend into the church service.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> Many other elderly and children were terrorized by the rioters. One couple who regularly attended the church were hindered from entering the church by the rioters who had been moved to the sidewalk.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> When the woman of the couple entered the church she was so distressed that one of our other ladies at the church had to help her calm down.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> Another member stood across the street from the church and did not enter the church because of fear of being subject to physical violence.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/>

Some of the details of the September 19, 1993 event are disputed. Noah Griffin, a spokesperson
for the San Francisco mayor's office, stated that "No police officer in San Francisco would stand by while someone trying to enter a church is assaulted." <ref name = "ctoday"/> However, Pastor Innes told ''[[Christianity Today]]'' that "We stand by everything in the news release. We put nothing in it that cannot be verified with video, eyewitnesses, and pictures." <ref name = "ctoday"/> In addition, the following was reported in the October 28, 1993 edition of The [[San Francisco Chronicle]]:
{{cquote|Although the two-hour protest received scant attention locally, Innis buttressed his campaign and the police investigation with videotape shot by a member of his congregation. The tape shows demonstrators jostling members entering the church, engaging in a brief shoving match with outnumbered police officers and trying to kick open a side door.}}

San Francisco Police Captain Rich Cairnes stated said he was dismayed when he saw the videotape and stated the following:
{{cquote|It sort of amazed me watching the film that it got to that level," Cairnes said. "I was upset that it did get that far . . . that the rights of people going to church should be attacked. That's one of our basic freedoms in this country. And it's something that just won't be tolerated again.<ref>The San Francisco Chronicle, October 28, 1993</ref>}}

The church believes that the police department acted poorly during the riot. According to the church, "In spite of all this malicious disruption, not a single arrest was made by police outside of one citizen's arrest. The church's property was not secured, and the fundamental rights of the worshippers were not protected because, we were told, "The Board of Supervisors would never support the measures necessary to do so."" <ref name = "hamsquaresep1993"/>
[[Image:Rev. Louis P. Sheldon Photo.jpg|thumb|left|[[Louis Sheldon]]]]
The day of the riot was the day Reverend [[Louis Sheldon]], of the [[Traditional Values Coalition]], was a guest speaker.<ref name = "hamsquaresep1993"/>
Only the church's membership and regular attenders were notified of the service, through the church's bulletin. No public notice or invitation was made in regards to the guest speaker. <ref name = "hamsquaresep1993"/> However, the September 16, 1993 edition of the [[Bay Area Reporter]], the meeting was made public in a front page article using inflammatory language. <ref name = "hamsquaresep1993"/> In addition, two homosexual newspapers called for a protest. <ref name = "ctoday"/> The church received telephone calls prior to the Reverend Sheldon's arrival demanding that he should not come and threatening to disrupt the service.
<ref name = "hamsquaresep1993"/><ref name = "ctoday"/> In addition, two people visited the church and told a church employee that the church could not have Reverend Sheldon as a guest speaker at the church and that they were going to stop it from happening.<ref name = "hamsquaresep1993"/>

Pastor Innes told ''Christianity Today'' that he does not blame the San Francisco police but those in political power especially the board of supervisors. Innes stated, "You really can't compare San Francisco with any other city. Homosexual advocates infiltrate
and dominate the political structures here. Police are in straitjackets. They can't do their job. They've been instructed not to arrest homosexuals."<ref name = "ctoday"/> Griffin responded by saying that "The gist of the phone calls we've been receiving is that police do not do anything because of the gay voting bloc in this city. That simply is not true." <ref name = "ctoday"/> Pastor Innes countered though by citing a letter written by a 25 year veteran
of the San Francisco police force which was published in a September 30, 1993 edition
of the San Francisco Chronicle newspaper. <ref name = "ctoday"/> In police officers letter, the officer describes a
recent assignment regarding keeping things under control at the San Francisco's Folsom Street
Fair. <ref name = "ctoday"/> According to the letter the officer described, the fair included food and craft booths, but "appeared to have as its main theme a public display of the private sexual practices and preferences of consenting adults." <ref name = "ctoday"/> The officer described seeing totally naked male couples publically engaging in lewd sex.<ref name = "ctoday"/> The officer in his letter stated that he was "highly embarrassed" when people asked him he was not making any arrests. <ref name = "ctoday"/> The officer stated that "At least a dozen times I had to painstakingly explain that we were to take a position of 'high tolerance' and not to create an incident." <ref name = "ctoday"/>
[[Image:Peter.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Peter LaBarbera]]]]
Christianity Today also reported the following regarding the incident:
{{cquote|Although Sheldon has had his home painted with graffiti and his office littered with manure by radical homosexuals, this is the first time he was targeted at a church. According to [[Peter LaBarbera]], editor of the Lambda Report, a California-based newsletter that monitors the homosexual movement, the incident represents a trend toward increased militancy among homosexual activists.<ref name = "ctoday"/>}}

Peter LaBarbera adds: "It's ironic that gay activist leaders claim they want more tolerance
when, in fact, they are among the most intolerant people this country's
got going."<ref name = "ctoday"/> LaBarbera further states that the church protest is "an immensely important event because it signals the intolerance they have for people's religious views." <ref name = "ctoday"/>

Police Inspector Robert O'Sullivan called the riot the worst San Francisco church protest since 1983, when arsonists burned the First Orthodox Presbyterian Church where [[Chuck McIlhenny|the minister]] had preached against homosexuality.<ref>The San Francisco Chronicle, October 28, 1993</ref>

A October 28, 1993 San Francisco Chronicle article titled, "S.F. Police to Seek Charges in Sept. 19 Church Protest by Gays" states the following regarding Police Inspector Robert O'Sullivan:
{{cquote|O'Sullivan said police have forwarded a criminal complaint from the latest protest to the district attorney's office and focused their investigation on "three or four" of the organizers of the demonstration. The protesters, he said, could be charged with trespassing, vandalism and disrupting a religious service.<ref>San Francisco Chronicle, October 28, 1993, article titled: "S.F. Police to Seek Charges in Sept. 19 Church Protest by Gays"</ref>}}

== Post Riot Public and Press Reaction ==

After the riot, there was a local news blackout regarding the riot among the local press according to David C. Innes who is the senior pastor of Hamilton Square Baptist Church.<ref name = "hamsquarenov1993">http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref> However, news of the attack on Hamilton Square Baptist Church spread fast across [[Christianity|Christian]] radio and television and a audio tape of the rioters seeking to break down the church doors was played in thousands of churches.
<ref name = "hamsquarenov1993"/> Thousands of calls came pouring into the offices of San Francisco's Board of Supervisors and coverage by the [[Christian Broadcast Network]] broadcast were major factors in ending the local news blackout concerning the riot.<ref name = "hamsquarenov1993"/> Also, according to the church, "Concerned citizens from all across America flooded the telephone switchboards of City Hall, but their phone calls were diverted to the City Sewage Treatment department."<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiots_Barko_Account.htm</ref> In addition, according to Pastor Innes, "Foreign embassies were notified of the incident. What began as an attack upon a church under cover of a news blackout became a "shot heard around the world"."<ref name = "hamsquarenov1993"/>

An executive from a large multinational corporation called the San Francisco Convention and Visitors Bureau and informed the bureau that the corporation he represents made a decision not to bring conventions utilizing 30,000 hotel rooms to the city because of the city's failure to protect the Hamilton Square Baptist Church.<ref name = "hamsquarenov1993"/> In addition, after the riot Christian groups threatened to boycott San Francisco.<ref>The Las Vegas Review-Journal, November 9, 1993</ref> A November 11, 1993 editorial in the San Francisco Chronicle stated the following: "The demonstrators at Hamilton Square Baptist Church endangered not only their own cause but the cause of freedom itself."<ref>San Francisco Chronicle, November 11, 1993</ref>
[[Image:AAC-2544.jpg|thumbnail|200px|right|Mayor [[Frank Jordan]]]]
Three days after the riot, Mayor Frank Jordan, the Chief of Police, and a representative from the District Attorney's office assured the church that a another event like the riot would not be permitted.<ref name = "hamsquarenov1993"/> However,
according to Pastor Innes, "Meanwhile, the Board of Supervisors with one or two exceptions has to this day stonewalled, denying that anything illegal or inappropriate had ever happened." <ref name = "hamsquarenov1993"/> Thus, according to Pastor Innes, "To protest the Board of Supervisors denial of any wrongdoing as well as their approval and blessing upon those who rioted against the Church, a Freedom Rally was held on Monday, November 8." <ref name = "hamsquarenov1993"/> The Freedom Rally brought 400 plus pastors and laymen from across the United States and represented over sixty thousand churches.<ref name = "hamsquarenov1993"/> According to Pastor Innes police protection was superb during the Freedom Rally.<ref name = "hamsquarenov1993"/> The major newspapers and news networks covered the Freedom Rally and according to Pastor Innes most of the coverage was favorable. <ref name = "hamsquarenov1993"/>

Below is a Hamilton Square Baptist Church members description of the Freedom Rally:
{{cquote|We planned a “Pastor’s Freedom Rally” for early November, and invited hundreds of Christian leaders to come to our city and take a stand for righteousness. This church hosted approximately 400 pastors and Christian leaders, who joined us to hold high the cause of Christ, and make a statement to the City of San Francisco, that truth, freedom to worship, and the cause of Christ, was alive and well. We marched from the church to City Hall. This time we had complete police protection. As we approached the steps of City Hall, the protestors parted like the Red Sea! As we waited outside the chambers of the Board of Supervisors, a protestor began to sing a sad, mournful song. His performance didn’t last long as 400 men lifted the rotunda off the building by singing in unison – Amazing Grace, how sweet the sound that saved a wretch like me . . .<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiots_Barko_Account.htm</ref>}}

After the riot, a meeting was held in the chambers of the Board of Supervisors. Local television news cameras and the Christian Broadcasting Network recorded the meeting.<ref>The San Francisco Chronicle, November 9, 1993</ref>

According to Pastor Innes the following took place at the meeting:
{{cquote|Soon after three o'clock in the afternoon, time was given to speak to the issue of the riot at the church. Speakers alternated, pro and con. When Dr. Lou Sheldon stood at the podium to speak, a major confrontation broke out. The homosexuals and lesbians attempted to deny Dr. Sheldon his right to speak. It was only after several minutes and a threat to clear the chambers that he was able to address the Supervisors. After he spoke, he was assaulted by a man in the front row who spat on him. Eight or ten police officers swiftly entered the chambers, dragged the man out of the room and arrested him.

Shortly thereafter, the pastor of the Hamilton Square Baptist Church, Dr. David C. Innes was intentionally denied his turn to present his complaint to the Supervisors. Supervisor Terrance Hallinan, the one who has described the churches' moral teachings as "an abomination", made a parliamentary move on behalf of Supervisor Migden that cut off discussion of the matter. (Dr. Innes was going to give the homosexual flag back to Supervisor Migden, a gesture that would have been extremely embarrassing to her) [a homosexual flag had been run up the church flag pole during the riot and removed by a church employee. The homosexual flag was run up the flag pole again during the riot and when a church employee tried to remove it he was assaulted and pushed back].<ref name = "hamsquarenov1993"/><ref name = "hamsquaresep1993"/>}}

In addition, Carl Herbster, Pastor of Tri-City Baptist Church in Kansas City, Missouri, stated at the Board of Supervisors meeting: "Your city is known worldwide now as a city that is not willing to protect religious freedom." <ref>The Las Vegas Review-Journal, November 9, 1993</ref>Herbster also told the Board of supervisors that in regards to San Francisco "major corporations are considering canceling their reservations for conventions because of what took place."<ref>San Francisco Chronicle, November 9, 1993</ref>

At the Board of Supervisors meeting it appears as if some arrests took place. The San Francisco Chronicle states the following:
{{cquote|Of the three men arrested yesterday only was immediately identified by police. Jonathan Katz, 35, of San Francisco, was cited for inciting a riot, disturbing the peace, trespassing, battery and resisting arrest -- all misdemeanor offenses. The two other men, including the one who spat at Sheldon, were cited for battery, police said.<ref>San Franciso Chronicle, ''Arrests at Unruly Board Meeting / Gays Mix It Up With Fundamentalists'', November 9, 1993</ref>}}

Pastor Innes made the following commentary what happened on the date of September 21, 1993 a day in which a speaker spoke at their church with substantial police presence protecting the church:
{{cquote|On Sunday night, November 21, Dr. Lou Sheldon was invited back to speak along with Mr. John Paulk, a homosexual who has been gloriously saved by the grace and power of God...

The victory was sweet. The police had sent the homosexual-lesbian activists the message that they would not tolerate further violence against the churches of the city, and the leaders of the homosexual community put the protestors on notice that they were not to further the public relations disaster that began with the riot. Furthermore, because of the thousands of phone calls and letters to the Board of Supervisors and because of the impact of the Freedom Rally, the supervisors were not able to come to the rescue of the radicals as they normally would have.<ref name = "hamsquarenov1993"/>}}

In October of 1993 Innis turned over to San Francisco police a recording of a telephone message he received that month in which an anonymous caller threatened to toss "jars filled with gasoline" through the windows of his church if he filed suit against one of the gay newspapers that publicized the guest appearance of Louis Sheldon on September 19, 1993.<ref>The San Francisco Chronicle, October 28, 1993</ref>

==External Link ==
[http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiots_Barko_Account.htm The Homosexual and Lesbian Riots - A Hamilton Square Baptist Church Member's Perspective]

==References==

{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Homosexuality]]
[[Category:Culture War]]

Hamilton Square Baptist Church Riot

2008-03-07T17:40:30Z

Bronzefinger: fix ref links - turn remaining Christianity Today references into re-useable one

[[Image:HamSquare.jpg|thumbnail|200px|right|Hamilton Square Baptist Church]]
The [[documentary film]] [[A Nation Adrift]] chronicles some of the events that took place during the '''Hamilton Square Baptist Church riot''' in [[San Francisco]] on the date of September 19, 1993 in which a angry group of male [[homosexuals]] and [[lesbian]]s vandalized church property, assaulted church members, terrorized church congregants, screamed profanity, threw rocks, harassed and scared children, and disrupted a church service.<ref name = "ctoday">[[Christianity Today]], November 8, 1993, v37, page 57</ref><ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref> <ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiots_Barko_Account.htm</ref><ref>http://www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=41037</ref> During the riot the rioters pounded on the church doors and attempted to kick them down. When the rioters saw church children standing in the lobby, they shouted "We want your children. Give us your children." <ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref> During the riot an eight year old mentally handicapped girl was verbally accosted when exiting through the front entrance of the church and was so traumatized that she fell down the church steps.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref> In addition, a nine year old boy, was hysterically crying and said "They are after me. It's me they want." The nine year old boy did not calm down until the family was several miles from the building.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref>

According to Pastor David Innes, Senior Pastor of Hamilton Square Baptist church, the protesters
denied people entrance to the church and in some cases did it by physical contact. <ref name = "ctoday"/>

When people entered the church demonstrators gave out phony flyers said to be church flyers. In addition, the phony flyers were also put on automobile windshields in the surrounding area.<ref name = "baptistpillar">http://www.baptistpillar.com/bd0204.htm</ref> By 6:00 PM that evening a riotous conditions were under way and the rioters had control of the outside church property. <ref name = "baptistpillar"/> The church asked the officer in charge several times to remove the protesters but the officer stated that things were completely under control and that police regulations and procedures prevented him from removing the rioters.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/>

Near the start of the church service a usher who placed himself to assist members to enter the church.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> The church usher saw church property being destroyed and told an officer who turned away and ignored him.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> The rioters recognized the usher as a member of the church and surrounded him so he could not move.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/>
[[Image:Wicked.jpg|thumb|left|150px|The book ''When the Wicked Seize a City'' by Dr. [[Chuck McIlhenny]] recounts he and his church were terrorized by [[homosexuality|homosexual]] activists in San Francisco.]]
Below is a news release which describes the rioters denying people access to the church:
{{cquote|[[Chuck McIlhenny|Pastor Charles and Donna McIlhenny]] were refused entry by the rioters, and told they could not enter the building. The doors were completely blocked by the rioters. Pastor McIlhenny held on to Donna as they began to make their way through the mob who were shouting and screaming in their ears, "You will not enter this church." The rioters assaulted them, pushing and shoving them, seeking to keep them from the front door. One of them grabbed Donna's body, lifting her off the ground, and attempted to pull her back away from the entry. She stretched her arms out for help from a near by police officer who offered no assistance. Her son, seeing she was in trouble, pleaded with the officers to assist her. The officers appeared so overwhelmed by the rioters that they were unable to take control of the situation. Both of her hands were scratched (the skin was broken).

Finally, the church's caretaker grabbed her outstretched arms and pulled her through to the door, out of the hands of the rioters. As they made their way past the three police officers at the door, they were pelted by rocks, which also struck the window panes of the entry doors. Several members from Pastor McIlhenny's church also were accosted and had to flee to a side entrance. There they also found the entry blocked and had to remain outside until the riot police arrived and let them in the building. Pastor McIlhenny's son, Ryan and his friend were not able to enter the building. <ref name = "baptistpillar"/>}}

The news release also describes the following:

A mother and her six year old daughter were told they could not enter the building.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> A rioter grabbed the six year old's arm while she was clinging to her mother and the rioter began interrogating the six year old girl.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> The mother and daughter finally gained entry into the church by passing through the rioters.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> The child was terrified and began crying.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> The mother also had invited an elderly friend to the church who was refused entry by the group of rioters.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> Twenty minutes passed by before the mother was able to get her elderly friend into the church service.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> Many other elderly and children were terrorized by the rioters. One couple who regularly attended the church were hindered from entering the church by the rioters who had been moved to the sidewalk.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> When the woman of the couple entered the church she was so distressed that one of our other ladies at the church had to help her calm down.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> Another member stood across the street from the church and did not enter the church because of fear of being subject to physical violence.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/>

Some of the details of the September 19, 1993 event are disputed. Noah Griffin, a spokesperson
for the San Francisco mayor's office, stated that "No police officer in San Francisco would stand by while someone trying to enter a church is assaulted." <ref name = "ctoday"/> However, Pastor Innes told ''[[Christianity Today]]'' that "We stand by everything in the news release. We put nothing in it that cannot be verified with video, eyewitnesses, and pictures." <ref name = "ctoday"/> In addition, the following was reported in the October 28, 1993 edition of The [[San Francisco Chronicle]]:
{{cquote|Although the two-hour protest received scant attention locally, Innis buttressed his campaign and the police investigation with videotape shot by a member of his congregation. The tape shows demonstrators jostling members entering the church, engaging in a brief shoving match with outnumbered police officers and trying to kick open a side door.}}

San Francisco Police Captain Rich Cairnes stated said he was dismayed when he saw the videotape and stated the following:
{{cquote|It sort of amazed me watching the film that it got to that level," Cairnes said. "I was upset that it did get that far . . . that the rights of people going to church should be attacked. That's one of our basic freedoms in this country. And it's something that just won't be tolerated again.<ref>The San Francisco Chronicle, October 28, 1993</ref>}}

The church believes that the police department acted poorly during the riot. According to the church, "In spite of all this malicious disruption, not a single arrest was made by police outside of one citizen's arrest. The church's property was not secured, and the fundamental rights of the worshippers were not protected because, we were told, "The Board of Supervisors would never support the measures necessary to do so."" <ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref>
[[Image:Rev. Louis P. Sheldon Photo.jpg|thumb|left|[[Louis Sheldon]]]]
The day of the riot was the day Reverend [[Louis Sheldon]], of the [[Traditional Values Coalition]], was a guest speaker.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref>
Only the church's membership and regular attenders were notified of the service, through the church's bulletin. No public notice or invitation was made in regards to the guest speaker. <ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref> However, the September 16, 1993 edition of the [[Bay Area Reporter]], the meeting was made public in a front page article using inflammatory language. <ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref> In addition, two homosexual newspapers called for a protest. <ref name = "ctoday"/> The church received telephone calls prior to the Reverend Sheldon's arrival demanding that he should not come and threatening to disrupt the service.
<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref><ref name = "ctoday"/> In addition, two people visited the church and told a church employee that the church could not have Reverend Sheldon as a guest speaker at the church and that they were going to stop it from happening.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref>

Pastor Innes told ''Christianity Today'' that he does not blame the San Francisco police but those in political power especially the board of supervisors. Innes stated, "You really can't compare San Francisco with any other city. Homosexual advocates infiltrate
and dominate the political structures here. Police are in straitjackets. They can't do their job. They've been instructed not to arrest homosexuals."<ref name = "ctoday"/> Griffin responded by saying that "The gist of the phone calls we've been receiving is that police do not do anything because of the gay voting bloc in this city. That simply is not true." <ref name = "ctoday"/> Pastor Innes countered though by citing a letter written by a 25 year veteran
of the San Francisco police force which was published in a September 30, 1993 edition
of the San Francisco Chronicle newspaper. <ref name = "ctoday"/> In police officers letter, the officer describes a
recent assignment regarding keeping things under control at the San Francisco's Folsom Street
Fair. <ref name = "ctoday"/> According to the letter the officer described, the fair included food and craft booths, but "appeared to have as its main theme a public display of the private sexual practices and preferences of consenting adults." <ref name = "ctoday"/> The officer described seeing totally naked male couples publically engaging in lewd sex.<ref name = "ctoday"/> The officer in his letter stated that he was "highly embarrassed" when people asked him he was not making any arrests. <ref name = "ctoday"/> The officer stated that "At least a dozen times I had to painstakingly explain that we were to take a position of 'high tolerance' and not to create an incident." <ref name = "ctoday"/>
[[Image:Peter.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Peter LaBarbera]]]]
Christianity Today also reported the following regarding the incident:
{{cquote|Although Sheldon has had his home painted with graffiti and his office littered with manure by radical homosexuals, this is the first time he was targeted at a church. According to [[Peter LaBarbera]], editor of the Lambda Report, a California-based newsletter that monitors the homosexual movement, the incident represents a trend toward increased militancy among homosexual activists.<ref name = "ctoday"/>}}

Peter LaBarbera adds: "It's ironic that gay activist leaders claim they want more tolerance
when, in fact, they are among the most intolerant people this country's
got going."<ref name = "ctoday"/> LaBarbera further states that the church protest is "an immensely important event because it signals the intolerance they have for people's religious views." <ref name = "ctoday"/>

Police Inspector Robert O'Sullivan called the riot the worst San Francisco church protest since 1983, when arsonists burned the First Orthodox Presbyterian Church where [[Chuck McIlhenny|the minister]] had preached against homosexuality.<ref>The San Francisco Chronicle, October 28, 1993</ref>

A October 28, 1993 San Francisco Chronicle article titled, "S.F. Police to Seek Charges in Sept. 19 Church Protest by Gays" states the following regarding Police Inspector Robert O'Sullivan:
{{cquote|O'Sullivan said police have forwarded a criminal complaint from the latest protest to the district attorney's office and focused their investigation on "three or four" of the organizers of the demonstration. The protesters, he said, could be charged with trespassing, vandalism and disrupting a religious service.<ref>San Francisco Chronicle, October 28, 1993, article titled: "S.F. Police to Seek Charges in Sept. 19 Church Protest by Gays"</ref>}}

== Post Riot Public and Press Reaction ==

After the riot, there was a local news blackout regarding the riot among the local press according to David C. Innes who is the senior pastor of Hamilton Square Baptist Church.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref> However, news of the attack on Hamilton Square Baptist Church spread fast across [[Christianity|Christian]] radio and television and a audio tape of the rioters seeking to break down the church doors was played in thousands of churches.
<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref> Thousands of calls came pouring into the offices of San Francisco's Board of Supervisors and coverage by the [[Christian Broadcast Network]] broadcast were major factors in ending the local news blackout concerning the riot.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref> Also, according to the church, "Concerned citizens from all across America flooded the telephone switchboards of City Hall, but their phone calls were diverted to the City Sewage Treatment department."<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiots_Barko_Account.htm</ref> In addition, according to Pastor Innes, "Foreign embassies were notified of the incident. What began as an attack upon a church under cover of a news blackout became a "shot heard around the world"."<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref>

An executive from a large multinational corporation called the San Francisco Convention and Visitors Bureau and informed the bureau that the corporation he represents made a decision not to bring conventions utilizing 30,000 hotel rooms to the city because of the city's failure to protect the Hamilton Square Baptist Church.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref> In addition, after the riot Christian groups threatened to boycott San Francisco.<ref>The Las Vegas Review-Journal, November 9, 1993</ref> A November 11, 1993 editorial in the San Francisco Chronicle stated the following: "The demonstrators at Hamilton Square Baptist Church endangered not only their own cause but the cause of freedom itself."<ref>San Francisco Chronicle, November 11, 1993</ref>
[[Image:AAC-2544.jpg|thumbnail|200px|right|Mayor [[Frank Jordan]]]]
Three days after the riot, Mayor Frank Jordan, the Chief of Police, and a representative from the District Attorney's office assured the church that a another event like the riot would not be permitted.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref> However,
according to Pastor Innes, "Meanwhile, the Board of Supervisors with one or two exceptions has to this day stonewalled, denying that anything illegal or inappropriate had ever happened." <ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref> Thus, according to Pastor Innes, "To protest the Board of Supervisors denial of any wrongdoing as well as their approval and blessing upon those who rioted against the Church, a Freedom Rally was held on Monday, November 8." <ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref> The Freedom Rally brought 400 plus pastors and laymen from across the United States and represented over sixty thousand churches.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref> According to Pastor Innes police protection was superb during the Freedom Rally.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref> The major newspapers and news networks covered the Freedom Rally and according to Pastor Innes most of the coverage was favorable. <ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref>

Below is a Hamilton Square Baptist Church members description of the Freedom Rally:
{{cquote|We planned a “Pastor’s Freedom Rally” for early November, and invited hundreds of Christian leaders to come to our city and take a stand for righteousness. This church hosted approximately 400 pastors and Christian leaders, who joined us to hold high the cause of Christ, and make a statement to the City of San Francisco, that truth, freedom to worship, and the cause of Christ, was alive and well. We marched from the church to City Hall. This time we had complete police protection. As we approached the steps of City Hall, the protestors parted like the Red Sea! As we waited outside the chambers of the Board of Supervisors, a protestor began to sing a sad, mournful song. His performance didn’t last long as 400 men lifted the rotunda off the building by singing in unison – Amazing Grace, how sweet the sound that saved a wretch like me . . .<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiots_Barko_Account.htm</ref>}}

After the riot, a meeting was held in the chambers of the Board of Supervisors. Local television news cameras and the Christian Broadcasting Network recorded the meeting.<ref>The San Francisco Chronicle, November 9, 1993</ref>

According to Pastor Innes the following took place at the meeting:
{{cquote|Soon after three o'clock in the afternoon, time was given to speak to the issue of the riot at the church. Speakers alternated, pro and con. When Dr. Lou Sheldon stood at the podium to speak, a major confrontation broke out. The homosexuals and lesbians attempted to deny Dr. Sheldon his right to speak. It was only after several minutes and a threat to clear the chambers that he was able to address the Supervisors. After he spoke, he was assaulted by a man in the front row who spat on him. Eight or ten police officers swiftly entered the chambers, dragged the man out of the room and arrested him.

Shortly thereafter, the pastor of the Hamilton Square Baptist Church, Dr. David C. Innes was intentionally denied his turn to present his complaint to the Supervisors. Supervisor Terrance Hallinan, the one who has described the churches' moral teachings as "an abomination", made a parliamentary move on behalf of Supervisor Migden that cut off discussion of the matter. (Dr. Innes was going to give the homosexual flag back to Supervisor Migden, a gesture that would have been extremely embarrassing to her) [a homosexual flag had been run up the church flag pole during the riot and removed by a church employee. The homosexual flag was run up the flag pole again during the riot and when a church employee tried to remove it he was assaulted and pushed back].<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref><ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref>}}

In addition, Carl Herbster, Pastor of Tri-City Baptist Church in Kansas City, Missouri, stated at the Board of Supervisors meeting: "Your city is known worldwide now as a city that is not willing to protect religious freedom." <ref>The Las Vegas Review-Journal, November 9, 1993</ref>Herbster also told the Board of supervisors that in regards to San Francisco "major corporations are considering canceling their reservations for conventions because of what took place."<ref>San Francisco Chronicle, November 9, 1993</ref>

At the Board of Supervisors meeting it appears as if some arrests took place. The San Francisco Chronicle states the following:
{{cquote|Of the three men arrested yesterday only was immediately identified by police. Jonathan Katz, 35, of San Francisco, was cited for inciting a riot, disturbing the peace, trespassing, battery and resisting arrest -- all misdemeanor offenses. The two other men, including the one who spat at Sheldon, were cited for battery, police said.<ref>San Franciso Chronicle, ''Arrests at Unruly Board Meeting / Gays Mix It Up With Fundamentalists'', November 9, 1993</ref>}}

Pastor Innes made the following commentary what happened on the date of September 21, 1993 a day in which a speaker spoke at their church with substantial police presence protecting the church:
{{cquote|On Sunday night, November 21, Dr. Lou Sheldon was invited back to speak along with Mr. John Paulk, a homosexual who has been gloriously saved by the grace and power of God...

The victory was sweet. The police had sent the homosexual-lesbian activists the message that they would not tolerate further violence against the churches of the city, and the leaders of the homosexual community put the protestors on notice that they were not to further the public relations disaster that began with the riot. Furthermore, because of the thousands of phone calls and letters to the Board of Supervisors and because of the impact of the Freedom Rally, the supervisors were not able to come to the rescue of the radicals as they normally would have.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref>}}

In October of 1993 Innis turned over to San Francisco police a recording of a telephone message he received that month in which an anonymous caller threatened to toss "jars filled with gasoline" through the windows of his church if he filed suit against one of the gay newspapers that publicized the guest appearance of Louis Sheldon on September 19, 1993.<ref>The San Francisco Chronicle, October 28, 1993</ref>

==External Link ==
[http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiots_Barko_Account.htm The Homosexual and Lesbian Riots - A Hamilton Square Baptist Church Member's Perspective]

==References==

{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Homosexuality]]
[[Category:Culture War]]

Hamilton Square Baptist Church Riot

2008-03-07T11:39:10Z

Bronzefinger: create re-usable refernce to Christianity Today article

[[Image:HamSquare.jpg|thumbnail|200px|right|Hamilton Square Baptist Church]]
The [[documentary film]] [[A Nation Adrift]] chronicles some of the events that took place during the '''Hamilton Square Baptist Church riot''' in [[San Francisco]] on the date of September 19, 1993 in which a angry group of male [[homosexuals]] and [[lesbian]]s vandalized church property, assaulted church members, terrorized church congregants, screamed profanity, threw rocks, harassed and scared children, and disrupted a church service.<ref name = "ctoday">[[Christianity Today]], November 8, 1993, v37, page 57</ref><ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref> <ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiots_Barko_Account.htm</ref><ref>http://www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=41037</ref> During the riot the rioters pounded on the church doors and attempted to kick them down. When the rioters saw church children standing in the lobby, they shouted "We want your children. Give us your children." <ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref> During the riot an eight year old mentally handicapped girl was verbally accosted when exiting through the front entrance of the church and was so traumatized that she fell down the church steps.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref> In addition, a nine year old boy, was hysterically crying and said "They are after me. It's me they want." The nine year old boy did not calm down until the family was several miles from the building.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref>

According to Pastor David Innes, Senior Pastor of Hamilton Square Baptist church, the protesters
denied people entrance to the church and in some cases did it by physical contact. <ref name = "ctoday"/>

When people entered the church demonstrators gave out phony flyers said to be church flyers. In addition, the phony flyers were also put on automobile windshields in the surrounding area.<ref name = "baptistpillar">http://www.baptistpillar.com/bd0204.htm</ref> By 6:00 PM that evening a riotous conditions were under way and the rioters had control of the outside church property. <ref name = "baptistpillar"/> The church asked the officer in charge several times to remove the protesters but the officer stated that things were completely under control and that police regulations and procedures prevented him from removing the rioters.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/>

Near the start of the church service a usher who placed himself to assist members to enter the church.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> The church usher saw church property being destroyed and told an officer who turned away and ignored him.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> The rioters recognized the usher as a member of the church and surrounded him so he could not move.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/>
[[Image:Wicked.jpg|thumb|left|150px|The book ''When the Wicked Seize a City'' by Dr. [[Chuck McIlhenny]] recounts he and his church were terrorized by [[homosexuality|homosexual]] activists in San Francisco.]]
Below is a news release which describes the rioters denying people access to the church:
{{cquote|[[Chuck McIlhenny|Pastor Charles and Donna McIlhenny]] were refused entry by the rioters, and told they could not enter the building. The doors were completely blocked by the rioters. Pastor McIlhenny held on to Donna as they began to make their way through the mob who were shouting and screaming in their ears, "You will not enter this church." The rioters assaulted them, pushing and shoving them, seeking to keep them from the front door. One of them grabbed Donna's body, lifting her off the ground, and attempted to pull her back away from the entry. She stretched her arms out for help from a near by police officer who offered no assistance. Her son, seeing she was in trouble, pleaded with the officers to assist her. The officers appeared so overwhelmed by the rioters that they were unable to take control of the situation. Both of her hands were scratched (the skin was broken).

Finally, the church's caretaker grabbed her outstretched arms and pulled her through to the door, out of the hands of the rioters. As they made their way past the three police officers at the door, they were pelted by rocks, which also struck the window panes of the entry doors. Several members from Pastor McIlhenny's church also were accosted and had to flee to a side entrance. There they also found the entry blocked and had to remain outside until the riot police arrived and let them in the building. Pastor McIlhenny's son, Ryan and his friend were not able to enter the building. <ref name = "baptistpillar"/>}}

The news release also describes the following:

A mother and her six year old daughter were told they could not enter the building.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> A rioter grabbed the six year old's arm while she was clinging to her mother and the rioter began interrogating the six year old girl.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> The mother and daughter finally gained entry into the church by passing through the rioters.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> The child was terrified and began crying.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> The mother also had invited an elderly friend to the church who was refused entry by the group of rioters.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> Twenty minutes passed by before the mother was able to get her elderly friend into the church service.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> Many other elderly and children were terrorized by the rioters. One couple who regularly attended the church were hindered from entering the church by the rioters who had been moved to the sidewalk.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> When the woman of the couple entered the church she was so distressed that one of our other ladies at the church had to help her calm down.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> Another member stood across the street from the church and did not enter the church because of fear of being subject to physical violence.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/>

Some of the details of the September 19, 1993 event are disputed. Noah Griffin, a spokesperson
for the San Francisco mayor's office, stated that "No police officer in San Francisco would stand by while someone trying to enter a church is assaulted." <ref name = "ctoday"> However, Pastor Innes told ''[[Christianity Today]]'' that "We stand by everything in the news release. We put nothing in it that cannot be verified with video, eyewitnesses, and pictures." <ref name = "ctoday"> In addition, the following was reported in the October 28, 1993 edition of The [[San Francisco Chronicle]]:
{{cquote|Although the two-hour protest received scant attention locally, Innis buttressed his campaign and the police investigation with videotape shot by a member of his congregation. The tape shows demonstrators jostling members entering the church, engaging in a brief shoving match with outnumbered police officers and trying to kick open a side door.}}

San Francisco Police Captain Rich Cairnes stated said he was dismayed when he saw the videotape and stated the following:
{{cquote|It sort of amazed me watching the film that it got to that level," Cairnes said. "I was upset that it did get that far . . . that the rights of people going to church should be attacked. That's one of our basic freedoms in this country. And it's something that just won't be tolerated again.<ref>The San Francisco Chronicle, October 28, 1993</ref>}}

The church believes that the police department acted poorly during the riot. According to the church, "In spite of all this malicious disruption, not a single arrest was made by police outside of one citizen's arrest. The church's property was not secured, and the fundamental rights of the worshippers were not protected because, we were told, "The Board of Supervisors would never support the measures necessary to do so."" <ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref>
[[Image:Rev. Louis P. Sheldon Photo.jpg|thumb|left|[[Louis Sheldon]]]]
The day of the riot was the day Reverend [[Louis Sheldon]], of the [[Traditional Values Coalition]], was a guest speaker.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref>
Only the church's membership and regular attenders were notified of the service, through the church's bulletin. No public notice or invitation was made in regards to the guest speaker. <ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref> However, the September 16, 1993 edition of the [[Bay Area Reporter]], the meeting was made public in a front page article using inflammatory language. <ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref> In addition, two homosexual newspapers called for a protest. <ref name = "ctoday"> The church received telephone calls prior to the Reverend Sheldon's arrival demanding that he should not come and threatening to disrupt the service.
<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref><ref name = "ctoday"> In addition, two people visited the church and told a church employee that the church could not have Reverend Sheldon as a guest speaker at the church and that they were going to stop it from happening.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref>

Pastor Innes told ''Christianity Today'' that he does not blame the San Francisco police but those in political power especially the board of supervisors. Innes stated, "You really can't compare San Francisco with any other city. Homosexual advocates infiltrate
and dominate the political structures here. Police are in straitjackets. They can't do their job. They've been instructed not to arrest homosexuals."<ref>Christianity Today, Nov 8, 1993 v37 page 57</ref> Griffin responded by saying that "The gist of the phone calls we've been receiving is that police do not do anything because of the gay voting bloc in this city. That simply is not true." <ref>Christianity Today, Nov 8, 1993 v37 page 57</ref> Pastor Innes countered though by citing a letter written by a 25 year veteran
of the San Francisco police force which was published in a September 30, 1993 edition
of the San Francisco Chronicle newspaper. <ref>Christianity Today, Nov 8, 1993 v37 page 57</ref> In police officers letter, the officer describes a
recent assignment regarding keeping things under control at the San Francisco's Folsom Street
Fair. <ref>Christianity Today, Nov 8, 1993 v37 page 57</ref> According to the letter the officer described, the fair included food and craft booths, but "appeared to have as its main theme a public display of the private sexual practices and preferences of consenting adults." <ref>Christianity Today, Nov 8, 1993 v37 page 57</ref> The officer described seeing totally naked male couples publically engaging in lewd sex.<ref>Christianity Today, Nov 8, 1993 v37 page 57</ref> The officer in his letter stated that he was "highly embarrassed" when people asked him he was not making any arrests. <ref>Christianity Today, Nov 8, 1993 v37 page 57</ref> The officer stated that "At least a dozen times I had to painstakingly explain that we were to take a position of 'high tolerance' and not to create an incident." <ref>Christianity Today, Nov 8, 1993 v37 page 57</ref>
[[Image:Peter.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Peter LaBarbera]]]]
Christianity Today also reported the following regarding the incident:
{{cquote|Although Sheldon has had his home painted with graffiti and his office littered with manure by radical homosexuals, this is the first time he was targeted at a church. According to [[Peter LaBarbera]], editor of the Lambda Report, a California-based newsletter that monitors the homosexual movement, the incident represents a trend toward increased militancy among homosexual activists.<ref>Christianity Today, Nov 8, 1993 v37 page 57</ref>}}

Peter LaBarbera adds: "It's ironic that gay activist leaders claim they want more tolerance
when, in fact, they are among the most intolerant people this country's
got going."<ref>Christianity Today, Nov 8, 1993 v37 page 57</ref> LaBarbera further states that the church protest is "an immensely important event because it signals the intolerance they have for people's religious views." <ref>Christianity Today, Nov 8, 1993 v37 page 57</ref>

Police Inspector Robert O'Sullivan called the riot the worst San Francisco church protest since 1983, when arsonists burned the First Orthodox Presbyterian Church where [[Chuck McIlhenny|the minister]] had preached against homosexuality.<ref>The San Francisco Chronicle, October 28, 1993</ref>

A October 28, 1993 San Francisco Chronicle article titled, "S.F. Police to Seek Charges in Sept. 19 Church Protest by Gays" states the following regarding Police Inspector Robert O'Sullivan:
{{cquote|O'Sullivan said police have forwarded a criminal complaint from the latest protest to the district attorney's office and focused their investigation on "three or four" of the organizers of the demonstration. The protesters, he said, could be charged with trespassing, vandalism and disrupting a religious service.<ref>San Francisco Chronicle, October 28, 1993, article titled: "S.F. Police to Seek Charges in Sept. 19 Church Protest by Gays"</ref>}}

== Post Riot Public and Press Reaction ==

After the riot, there was a local news blackout regarding the riot among the local press according to David C. Innes who is the senior pastor of Hamilton Square Baptist Church.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref> However, news of the attack on Hamilton Square Baptist Church spread fast across [[Christianity|Christian]] radio and television and a audio tape of the rioters seeking to break down the church doors was played in thousands of churches.
<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref> Thousands of calls came pouring into the offices of San Francisco's Board of Supervisors and coverage by the [[Christian Broadcast Network]] broadcast were major factors in ending the local news blackout concerning the riot.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref> Also, according to the church, "Concerned citizens from all across America flooded the telephone switchboards of City Hall, but their phone calls were diverted to the City Sewage Treatment department."<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiots_Barko_Account.htm</ref> In addition, according to Pastor Innes, "Foreign embassies were notified of the incident. What began as an attack upon a church under cover of a news blackout became a "shot heard around the world"."<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref>

An executive from a large multinational corporation called the San Francisco Convention and Visitors Bureau and informed the bureau that the corporation he represents made a decision not to bring conventions utilizing 30,000 hotel rooms to the city because of the city's failure to protect the Hamilton Square Baptist Church.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref> In addition, after the riot Christian groups threatened to boycott San Francisco.<ref>The Las Vegas Review-Journal, November 9, 1993</ref> A November 11, 1993 editorial in the San Francisco Chronicle stated the following: "The demonstrators at Hamilton Square Baptist Church endangered not only their own cause but the cause of freedom itself."<ref>San Francisco Chronicle, November 11, 1993</ref>
[[Image:AAC-2544.jpg|thumbnail|200px|right|Mayor [[Frank Jordan]]]]
Three days after the riot, Mayor Frank Jordan, the Chief of Police, and a representative from the District Attorney's office assured the church that a another event like the riot would not be permitted.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref> However,
according to Pastor Innes, "Meanwhile, the Board of Supervisors with one or two exceptions has to this day stonewalled, denying that anything illegal or inappropriate had ever happened." <ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref> Thus, according to Pastor Innes, "To protest the Board of Supervisors denial of any wrongdoing as well as their approval and blessing upon those who rioted against the Church, a Freedom Rally was held on Monday, November 8." <ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref> The Freedom Rally brought 400 plus pastors and laymen from across the United States and represented over sixty thousand churches.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref> According to Pastor Innes police protection was superb during the Freedom Rally.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref> The major newspapers and news networks covered the Freedom Rally and according to Pastor Innes most of the coverage was favorable. <ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref>

Below is a Hamilton Square Baptist Church members description of the Freedom Rally:
{{cquote|We planned a “Pastor’s Freedom Rally” for early November, and invited hundreds of Christian leaders to come to our city and take a stand for righteousness. This church hosted approximately 400 pastors and Christian leaders, who joined us to hold high the cause of Christ, and make a statement to the City of San Francisco, that truth, freedom to worship, and the cause of Christ, was alive and well. We marched from the church to City Hall. This time we had complete police protection. As we approached the steps of City Hall, the protestors parted like the Red Sea! As we waited outside the chambers of the Board of Supervisors, a protestor began to sing a sad, mournful song. His performance didn’t last long as 400 men lifted the rotunda off the building by singing in unison – Amazing Grace, how sweet the sound that saved a wretch like me . . .<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiots_Barko_Account.htm</ref>}}

After the riot, a meeting was held in the chambers of the Board of Supervisors. Local television news cameras and the Christian Broadcasting Network recorded the meeting.<ref>The San Francisco Chronicle, November 9, 1993</ref>

According to Pastor Innes the following took place at the meeting:
{{cquote|Soon after three o'clock in the afternoon, time was given to speak to the issue of the riot at the church. Speakers alternated, pro and con. When Dr. Lou Sheldon stood at the podium to speak, a major confrontation broke out. The homosexuals and lesbians attempted to deny Dr. Sheldon his right to speak. It was only after several minutes and a threat to clear the chambers that he was able to address the Supervisors. After he spoke, he was assaulted by a man in the front row who spat on him. Eight or ten police officers swiftly entered the chambers, dragged the man out of the room and arrested him.

Shortly thereafter, the pastor of the Hamilton Square Baptist Church, Dr. David C. Innes was intentionally denied his turn to present his complaint to the Supervisors. Supervisor Terrance Hallinan, the one who has described the churches' moral teachings as "an abomination", made a parliamentary move on behalf of Supervisor Migden that cut off discussion of the matter. (Dr. Innes was going to give the homosexual flag back to Supervisor Migden, a gesture that would have been extremely embarrassing to her) [a homosexual flag had been run up the church flag pole during the riot and removed by a church employee. The homosexual flag was run up the flag pole again during the riot and when a church employee tried to remove it he was assaulted and pushed back].<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref><ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref>}}

In addition, Carl Herbster, Pastor of Tri-City Baptist Church in Kansas City, Missouri, stated at the Board of Supervisors meeting: "Your city is known worldwide now as a city that is not willing to protect religious freedom." <ref>The Las Vegas Review-Journal, November 9, 1993</ref>Herbster also told the Board of supervisors that in regards to San Francisco "major corporations are considering canceling their reservations for conventions because of what took place."<ref>San Francisco Chronicle, November 9, 1993</ref>

At the Board of Supervisors meeting it appears as if some arrests took place. The San Francisco Chronicle states the following:
{{cquote|Of the three men arrested yesterday only was immediately identified by police. Jonathan Katz, 35, of San Francisco, was cited for inciting a riot, disturbing the peace, trespassing, battery and resisting arrest -- all misdemeanor offenses. The two other men, including the one who spat at Sheldon, were cited for battery, police said.<ref>San Franciso Chronicle, ''Arrests at Unruly Board Meeting / Gays Mix It Up With Fundamentalists'', November 9, 1993</ref>}}

Pastor Innes made the following commentary what happened on the date of September 21, 1993 a day in which a speaker spoke at their church with substantial police presence protecting the church:
{{cquote|On Sunday night, November 21, Dr. Lou Sheldon was invited back to speak along with Mr. John Paulk, a homosexual who has been gloriously saved by the grace and power of God...

The victory was sweet. The police had sent the homosexual-lesbian activists the message that they would not tolerate further violence against the churches of the city, and the leaders of the homosexual community put the protestors on notice that they were not to further the public relations disaster that began with the riot. Furthermore, because of the thousands of phone calls and letters to the Board of Supervisors and because of the impact of the Freedom Rally, the supervisors were not able to come to the rescue of the radicals as they normally would have.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref>}}

In October of 1993 Innis turned over to San Francisco police a recording of a telephone message he received that month in which an anonymous caller threatened to toss "jars filled with gasoline" through the windows of his church if he filed suit against one of the gay newspapers that publicized the guest appearance of Louis Sheldon on September 19, 1993.<ref>The San Francisco Chronicle, October 28, 1993</ref>

==External Link ==
[http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiots_Barko_Account.htm The Homosexual and Lesbian Riots - A Hamilton Square Baptist Church Member's Perspective]

==References==

{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Homosexuality]]
[[Category:Culture War]]

Hamilton Square Baptist Church Riot

2008-03-07T11:31:17Z

Bronzefinger: turn baptist pillar references into one re-useable one

[[Image:HamSquare.jpg|thumbnail|200px|right|Hamilton Square Baptist Church]]
The [[documentary film]] [[A Nation Adrift]] chronicles some of the events that took place during the '''Hamilton Square Baptist Church riot''' in [[San Francisco]] on the date of September 19, 1993 in which a angry group of male [[homosexuals]] and [[lesbian]]s vandalized church property, assaulted church members, terrorized church congregants, screamed profanity, threw rocks, harassed and scared children, and disrupted a church service.<ref>[[Christianity Today]], November 8, 1993, v37, page 57</ref><ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref> <ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiots_Barko_Account.htm</ref><ref>http://www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=41037</ref> During the riot the rioters pounded on the church doors and attempted to kick them down. When the rioters saw church children standing in the lobby, they shouted "We want your children. Give us your children." <ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref> During the riot an eight year old mentally handicapped girl was verbally accosted when exiting through the front entrance of the church and was so traumatized that she fell down the church steps.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref> In addition, a nine year old boy, was hysterically crying and said "They are after me. It's me they want." The nine year old boy did not calm down until the family was several miles from the building.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref>

According to Pastor David Innes, Senior Pastor of Hamilton Square Baptist church, the protesters
denied people entrance to the church and in some cases did it by physical contact. <ref>Christianity Today, November 8, 1993, v37, page 57</ref>

When people entered the church demonstrators gave out phony flyers said to be church flyers. In addition, the phony flyers were also put on automobile windshields in the surrounding area.<ref name = "baptistpillar">http://www.baptistpillar.com/bd0204.htm</ref> By 6:00 PM that evening a riotous conditions were under way and the rioters had control of the outside church property. <ref name = "baptistpillar"/> The church asked the officer in charge several times to remove the protesters but the officer stated that things were completely under control and that police regulations and procedures prevented him from removing the rioters.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/>

Near the start of the church service a usher who placed himself to assist members to enter the church.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> The church usher saw church property being destroyed and told an officer who turned away and ignored him.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> The rioters recognized the usher as a member of the church and surrounded him so he could not move.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/>
[[Image:Wicked.jpg|thumb|left|150px|The book ''When the Wicked Seize a City'' by Dr. [[Chuck McIlhenny]] recounts he and his church were terrorized by [[homosexuality|homosexual]] activists in San Francisco.]]
Below is a news release which describes the rioters denying people access to the church:
{{cquote|[[Chuck McIlhenny|Pastor Charles and Donna McIlhenny]] were refused entry by the rioters, and told they could not enter the building. The doors were completely blocked by the rioters. Pastor McIlhenny held on to Donna as they began to make their way through the mob who were shouting and screaming in their ears, "You will not enter this church." The rioters assaulted them, pushing and shoving them, seeking to keep them from the front door. One of them grabbed Donna's body, lifting her off the ground, and attempted to pull her back away from the entry. She stretched her arms out for help from a near by police officer who offered no assistance. Her son, seeing she was in trouble, pleaded with the officers to assist her. The officers appeared so overwhelmed by the rioters that they were unable to take control of the situation. Both of her hands were scratched (the skin was broken).

Finally, the church's caretaker grabbed her outstretched arms and pulled her through to the door, out of the hands of the rioters. As they made their way past the three police officers at the door, they were pelted by rocks, which also struck the window panes of the entry doors. Several members from Pastor McIlhenny's church also were accosted and had to flee to a side entrance. There they also found the entry blocked and had to remain outside until the riot police arrived and let them in the building. Pastor McIlhenny's son, Ryan and his friend were not able to enter the building. <ref name = "baptistpillar"/>}}

The news release also describes the following:

A mother and her six year old daughter were told they could not enter the building.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> A rioter grabbed the six year old's arm while she was clinging to her mother and the rioter began interrogating the six year old girl.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> The mother and daughter finally gained entry into the church by passing through the rioters.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> The child was terrified and began crying.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> The mother also had invited an elderly friend to the church who was refused entry by the group of rioters.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> Twenty minutes passed by before the mother was able to get her elderly friend into the church service.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> Many other elderly and children were terrorized by the rioters. One couple who regularly attended the church were hindered from entering the church by the rioters who had been moved to the sidewalk.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> When the woman of the couple entered the church she was so distressed that one of our other ladies at the church had to help her calm down.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/> Another member stood across the street from the church and did not enter the church because of fear of being subject to physical violence.<ref name = "baptistpillar"/>

Some of the details of the September 19, 1993 event are disputed. Noah Griffin, a spokesperson
for the San Francisco mayor's office, stated that "No police officer in San Francisco would stand by while someone trying to enter a church is assaulted." <ref>Christianity Today, Nov 8, 1993 v37 page 57</ref> However, Pastor Innes told ''[[Christianity Today]]'' that "We stand by everything in the news release. We put nothing in it that cannot be verified with video, eyewitnesses, and pictures." <ref>Christianity Today, Nov 8, 1993 v37 page 57</ref> In addition, the following was reported in the October 28, 1993 edition of The [[San Francisco Chronicle]]:
{{cquote|Although the two-hour protest received scant attention locally, Innis buttressed his campaign and the police investigation with videotape shot by a member of his congregation. The tape shows demonstrators jostling members entering the church, engaging in a brief shoving match with outnumbered police officers and trying to kick open a side door.}}

San Francisco Police Captain Rich Cairnes stated said he was dismayed when he saw the videotape and stated the following:
{{cquote|It sort of amazed me watching the film that it got to that level," Cairnes said. "I was upset that it did get that far . . . that the rights of people going to church should be attacked. That's one of our basic freedoms in this country. And it's something that just won't be tolerated again.<ref>The San Francisco Chronicle, October 28, 1993</ref>}}

The church believes that the police department acted poorly during the riot. According to the church, "In spite of all this malicious disruption, not a single arrest was made by police outside of one citizen's arrest. The church's property was not secured, and the fundamental rights of the worshippers were not protected because, we were told, "The Board of Supervisors would never support the measures necessary to do so."" <ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref>
[[Image:Rev. Louis P. Sheldon Photo.jpg|thumb|left|[[Louis Sheldon]]]]
The day of the riot was the day Reverend [[Louis Sheldon]], of the [[Traditional Values Coalition]], was a guest speaker.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref>
Only the church's membership and regular attenders were notified of the service, through the church's bulletin. No public notice or invitation was made in regards to the guest speaker. <ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref> However, the September 16, 1993 edition of the [[Bay Area Reporter]], the meeting was made public in a front page article using inflammatory language. <ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref> In addition, two homosexual newspapers called for a protest. <ref>
Christianity Today, Nov 8, 1993 v37 page 57</ref> The church received telephone calls prior to the Reverend Sheldon's arrival demanding that he should not come and threatening to disrupt the service.
<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref><ref>Christianity Today, Nov 8, 1993 v37 page 57 </ref> In addition, two people visited the church and told a church employee that the church could not have Reverend Sheldon as a guest speaker at the church and that they were going to stop it from happening.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref>

Pastor Innes told ''Christianity Today'' that he does not blame the San Francisco police but those in political power especially the board of supervisors. Innes stated, "You really can't compare San Francisco with any other city. Homosexual advocates infiltrate
and dominate the political structures here. Police are in straitjackets. They can't do their job. They've been instructed not to arrest homosexuals."<ref>Christianity Today, Nov 8, 1993 v37 page 57</ref> Griffin responded by saying that "The gist of the phone calls we've been receiving is that police do not do anything because of the gay voting bloc in this city. That simply is not true." <ref>Christianity Today, Nov 8, 1993 v37 page 57</ref> Pastor Innes countered though by citing a letter written by a 25 year veteran
of the San Francisco police force which was published in a September 30, 1993 edition
of the San Francisco Chronicle newspaper. <ref>Christianity Today, Nov 8, 1993 v37 page 57</ref> In police officers letter, the officer describes a
recent assignment regarding keeping things under control at the San Francisco's Folsom Street
Fair. <ref>Christianity Today, Nov 8, 1993 v37 page 57</ref> According to the letter the officer described, the fair included food and craft booths, but "appeared to have as its main theme a public display of the private sexual practices and preferences of consenting adults." <ref>Christianity Today, Nov 8, 1993 v37 page 57</ref> The officer described seeing totally naked male couples publically engaging in lewd sex.<ref>Christianity Today, Nov 8, 1993 v37 page 57</ref> The officer in his letter stated that he was "highly embarrassed" when people asked him he was not making any arrests. <ref>Christianity Today, Nov 8, 1993 v37 page 57</ref> The officer stated that "At least a dozen times I had to painstakingly explain that we were to take a position of 'high tolerance' and not to create an incident." <ref>Christianity Today, Nov 8, 1993 v37 page 57</ref>
[[Image:Peter.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Peter LaBarbera]]]]
Christianity Today also reported the following regarding the incident:
{{cquote|Although Sheldon has had his home painted with graffiti and his office littered with manure by radical homosexuals, this is the first time he was targeted at a church. According to [[Peter LaBarbera]], editor of the Lambda Report, a California-based newsletter that monitors the homosexual movement, the incident represents a trend toward increased militancy among homosexual activists.<ref>Christianity Today, Nov 8, 1993 v37 page 57</ref>}}

Peter LaBarbera adds: "It's ironic that gay activist leaders claim they want more tolerance
when, in fact, they are among the most intolerant people this country's
got going."<ref>Christianity Today, Nov 8, 1993 v37 page 57</ref> LaBarbera further states that the church protest is "an immensely important event because it signals the intolerance they have for people's religious views." <ref>Christianity Today, Nov 8, 1993 v37 page 57</ref>

Police Inspector Robert O'Sullivan called the riot the worst San Francisco church protest since 1983, when arsonists burned the First Orthodox Presbyterian Church where [[Chuck McIlhenny|the minister]] had preached against homosexuality.<ref>The San Francisco Chronicle, October 28, 1993</ref>

A October 28, 1993 San Francisco Chronicle article titled, "S.F. Police to Seek Charges in Sept. 19 Church Protest by Gays" states the following regarding Police Inspector Robert O'Sullivan:
{{cquote|O'Sullivan said police have forwarded a criminal complaint from the latest protest to the district attorney's office and focused their investigation on "three or four" of the organizers of the demonstration. The protesters, he said, could be charged with trespassing, vandalism and disrupting a religious service.<ref>San Francisco Chronicle, October 28, 1993, article titled: "S.F. Police to Seek Charges in Sept. 19 Church Protest by Gays"</ref>}}

== Post Riot Public and Press Reaction ==

After the riot, there was a local news blackout regarding the riot among the local press according to David C. Innes who is the senior pastor of Hamilton Square Baptist Church.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref> However, news of the attack on Hamilton Square Baptist Church spread fast across [[Christianity|Christian]] radio and television and a audio tape of the rioters seeking to break down the church doors was played in thousands of churches.
<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref> Thousands of calls came pouring into the offices of San Francisco's Board of Supervisors and coverage by the [[Christian Broadcast Network]] broadcast were major factors in ending the local news blackout concerning the riot.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref> Also, according to the church, "Concerned citizens from all across America flooded the telephone switchboards of City Hall, but their phone calls were diverted to the City Sewage Treatment department."<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiots_Barko_Account.htm</ref> In addition, according to Pastor Innes, "Foreign embassies were notified of the incident. What began as an attack upon a church under cover of a news blackout became a "shot heard around the world"."<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref>

An executive from a large multinational corporation called the San Francisco Convention and Visitors Bureau and informed the bureau that the corporation he represents made a decision not to bring conventions utilizing 30,000 hotel rooms to the city because of the city's failure to protect the Hamilton Square Baptist Church.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref> In addition, after the riot Christian groups threatened to boycott San Francisco.<ref>The Las Vegas Review-Journal, November 9, 1993</ref> A November 11, 1993 editorial in the San Francisco Chronicle stated the following: "The demonstrators at Hamilton Square Baptist Church endangered not only their own cause but the cause of freedom itself."<ref>San Francisco Chronicle, November 11, 1993</ref>
[[Image:AAC-2544.jpg|thumbnail|200px|right|Mayor [[Frank Jordan]]]]
Three days after the riot, Mayor Frank Jordan, the Chief of Police, and a representative from the District Attorney's office assured the church that a another event like the riot would not be permitted.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref> However,
according to Pastor Innes, "Meanwhile, the Board of Supervisors with one or two exceptions has to this day stonewalled, denying that anything illegal or inappropriate had ever happened." <ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref> Thus, according to Pastor Innes, "To protest the Board of Supervisors denial of any wrongdoing as well as their approval and blessing upon those who rioted against the Church, a Freedom Rally was held on Monday, November 8." <ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref> The Freedom Rally brought 400 plus pastors and laymen from across the United States and represented over sixty thousand churches.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref> According to Pastor Innes police protection was superb during the Freedom Rally.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref> The major newspapers and news networks covered the Freedom Rally and according to Pastor Innes most of the coverage was favorable. <ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref>

Below is a Hamilton Square Baptist Church members description of the Freedom Rally:
{{cquote|We planned a “Pastor’s Freedom Rally” for early November, and invited hundreds of Christian leaders to come to our city and take a stand for righteousness. This church hosted approximately 400 pastors and Christian leaders, who joined us to hold high the cause of Christ, and make a statement to the City of San Francisco, that truth, freedom to worship, and the cause of Christ, was alive and well. We marched from the church to City Hall. This time we had complete police protection. As we approached the steps of City Hall, the protestors parted like the Red Sea! As we waited outside the chambers of the Board of Supervisors, a protestor began to sing a sad, mournful song. His performance didn’t last long as 400 men lifted the rotunda off the building by singing in unison – Amazing Grace, how sweet the sound that saved a wretch like me . . .<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiots_Barko_Account.htm</ref>}}

After the riot, a meeting was held in the chambers of the Board of Supervisors. Local television news cameras and the Christian Broadcasting Network recorded the meeting.<ref>The San Francisco Chronicle, November 9, 1993</ref>

According to Pastor Innes the following took place at the meeting:
{{cquote|Soon after three o'clock in the afternoon, time was given to speak to the issue of the riot at the church. Speakers alternated, pro and con. When Dr. Lou Sheldon stood at the podium to speak, a major confrontation broke out. The homosexuals and lesbians attempted to deny Dr. Sheldon his right to speak. It was only after several minutes and a threat to clear the chambers that he was able to address the Supervisors. After he spoke, he was assaulted by a man in the front row who spat on him. Eight or ten police officers swiftly entered the chambers, dragged the man out of the room and arrested him.

Shortly thereafter, the pastor of the Hamilton Square Baptist Church, Dr. David C. Innes was intentionally denied his turn to present his complaint to the Supervisors. Supervisor Terrance Hallinan, the one who has described the churches' moral teachings as "an abomination", made a parliamentary move on behalf of Supervisor Migden that cut off discussion of the matter. (Dr. Innes was going to give the homosexual flag back to Supervisor Migden, a gesture that would have been extremely embarrassing to her) [a homosexual flag had been run up the church flag pole during the riot and removed by a church employee. The homosexual flag was run up the flag pole again during the riot and when a church employee tried to remove it he was assaulted and pushed back].<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref><ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref>}}

In addition, Carl Herbster, Pastor of Tri-City Baptist Church in Kansas City, Missouri, stated at the Board of Supervisors meeting: "Your city is known worldwide now as a city that is not willing to protect religious freedom." <ref>The Las Vegas Review-Journal, November 9, 1993</ref>Herbster also told the Board of supervisors that in regards to San Francisco "major corporations are considering canceling their reservations for conventions because of what took place."<ref>San Francisco Chronicle, November 9, 1993</ref>

At the Board of Supervisors meeting it appears as if some arrests took place. The San Francisco Chronicle states the following:
{{cquote|Of the three men arrested yesterday only was immediately identified by police. Jonathan Katz, 35, of San Francisco, was cited for inciting a riot, disturbing the peace, trespassing, battery and resisting arrest -- all misdemeanor offenses. The two other men, including the one who spat at Sheldon, were cited for battery, police said.<ref>San Franciso Chronicle, ''Arrests at Unruly Board Meeting / Gays Mix It Up With Fundamentalists'', November 9, 1993</ref>}}

Pastor Innes made the following commentary what happened on the date of September 21, 1993 a day in which a speaker spoke at their church with substantial police presence protecting the church:
{{cquote|On Sunday night, November 21, Dr. Lou Sheldon was invited back to speak along with Mr. John Paulk, a homosexual who has been gloriously saved by the grace and power of God...

The victory was sweet. The police had sent the homosexual-lesbian activists the message that they would not tolerate further violence against the churches of the city, and the leaders of the homosexual community put the protestors on notice that they were not to further the public relations disaster that began with the riot. Furthermore, because of the thousands of phone calls and letters to the Board of Supervisors and because of the impact of the Freedom Rally, the supervisors were not able to come to the rescue of the radicals as they normally would have.<ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsNov1993.htm</ref>}}

In October of 1993 Innis turned over to San Francisco police a recording of a telephone message he received that month in which an anonymous caller threatened to toss "jars filled with gasoline" through the windows of his church if he filed suit against one of the gay newspapers that publicized the guest appearance of Louis Sheldon on September 19, 1993.<ref>The San Francisco Chronicle, October 28, 1993</ref>

==External Link ==
[http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiots_Barko_Account.htm The Homosexual and Lesbian Riots - A Hamilton Square Baptist Church Member's Perspective]

==References==

{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Homosexuality]]
[[Category:Culture War]]

Liberty Bell

2008-03-03T20:29:31Z

Bronzefinger: Turn multiple references into one re-useable one - add text to links and rework reference to bible quotation

The '''Liberty Bell''' was designed as the bell for the [[Pennsylvania]] State House in 1751. It was rung for many events, including the coronation of [[King George III]] in 1760.<ref>[http://www.nps.gov/history/nR/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/36liberty/36setting.htm The Liberty Bell - Setting the Stage] The National Park Service</ref> Among its most famous ringings was on July 8 1776 to announce the first public reading of the [[Declaration of Independence]].<ref name = "nps2">[http://www.nps.gov/archive/inde/liberty-bell.html The Liberty Bell] The National Park Service</ref>

The first bell was made in [[England]]. It arrived in Philadelphia in 1752 and cracked upon its first test ringing. A second bell was cast but its tone was found to be unsatisfactory. A third bell was cast, hung in the Pennsylvania State House (now Liberty Hall) in 1753. It weighs over 2000 pounds and its composition is 70% copper, 25% tin, and small amounts of lead, zinc, arsenic, [[gold]], and [[silver]]. <ref name = "nps2"/> It was rung on every anniversary of Independence Day (4th of July) until the time it cracked when rung on July 8, 1835 at the funeral of [[U.S. Supreme Court]] Justice [[John Marshall]].

Inscribed on the Liberty Bell is a verse from the [[Old Testament]]: <ref name = "nps2"/>

:"Proclaim Liberty throughout the land unto all the inhabitants thereof." (Leviticus 25:10)

[[Image:Halfdollar.gif‎|right|thumb|200px|Benjamin Franklin Half Dollar Coin Reverse]]
The Liberty Bell is an important patriotic symbol and it's image can be found on many things including the reverse side of the [[Benjamin Franklin]] half-dollar coin issued by the [[United States Mint]] between 1948 and 1963. <ref> http://www.usmint.gov/mint_programs/circulatingCoins/index.cfm?action=CircHalfDollar </ref> <ref> http://www.silvercoinsbuyer.com/silver-half-dollar-coins.html </ref>

[[Image:Forever_Stamp.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Forever Stamp]]

The [[United States Postal Service]] features an image of the Liberty Bell on the "Forever stamp" which debuted on April 12, 2007. The stamp cost 41 cents and the Postal Service promises it will always be accepted as postage for First Class letters weighing 1 ounce or less anytime in the future regardless of price changes. <ref>http://pe.usps.gov/DMMAdvisory.asp?Dest=DMMAdvisory040207.htm</ref>

== References ==

<references/>

== Sources ==

[http://www.amerisearch.net/index.php?date=2004-07-08&view=View American Minute]

[[category:United States History]]

Euro

2008-02-17T18:18:39Z

Bronzefinger: Add references section - add link to telegraph article

[[Image:Euro banknotes.png|right|thumb|Euro banknotes|300px]]
The '''Euro''' is the common [[currency]] in the Eurozone (a group of 15 [[European Union]] states) today. Use of the euro began in January 2002, and 12 nations switched their currency immediately to the euro. It is a currency similar to the dollar in the United States. Countries within the European Union were able to join the Common Currency if they meet 4 criteria (known as the 'convergence criteria'. These were: 
1. The budget deficit must be below 3% of GDP (the difference between government receipts and expenditures.) 
2. The total government debt must be below 60% of GDP. 
3. The country must have an inflation rate within 1.5% of the lowest 3 inflation rates of EU countries. 
4. Nominal Long-term interest rates must be within 2% of the interest rate of countries with the lowest 3 inflation rates. 

In addition to these criteria a country must have 'normal' fluctuations of it's currency. (That is, within the margins allowed.)
It is perhaps worth noting that countries were allowed to join the common currency if their budget deficit and total government debt were approaching the reference values at a 'satisfactory pace', not necessarily actually on them.
In January 1999 the exchange rates of countries that had passed the criteria (and were not exercising an opt-out) were fixed the the Euro. The European Central Bank (ECB) came into being. Euro coins and notes were introduced to the general public on the 1st of January 2002 as legal tender, alongside national currencies. Initially in March of 1998, when the calculations as to which countries had met the convergence criteria occurred, 11 countries, Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal and Spain were admitted to join the European Monetary Union. In June of 2000 Greece was admitted. Slovenia joined in 2007, and Malta and Cyprus joined in 2008.

In the United Kingdom the currency is still the [[pound]], but there is pressure to convert to the euro that is used throughout Europe. As of 2007 the United Kingdom and [[Denmark]] are the only European Union member countries with an 'opt-out' (allowing them to select not to join the common currency despite meeting the criteria). In addition to the four criteria of entry set out in the Maastricht Treaty the Chancellor of the Exchequer laid out 5 economic tests the United Kingdom must meet to join. (At the last report it had met 1.) Many conservatives in the UK ([[Tories]]) resist conversion to the European currency because a reliance on a common currency represents a loss in sovereignty and control. In particular, there is fear of the UK becoming dependent on the fiscal policies of the larger combination of Germany, Italy, and France.
[[Image:626px-Euro coins version II.png|right|thumb|300px|Euro coins]]
Initially the value of the Euro fell on the exchange markets, while many expected it to do the opposite. However it has strengthened in recent times partly due to the falling value of the dollar. The ECB is charged with maintaining the inflation rate in the Eurozone between 0 and 2%.

By the end of 2006, after about five years of the euro, a French magazine Le Pèlerin reported that 52% of the French feel that the euro is a "bad thing", blaming it for price hikes and job losses. 71% of French [[blue-collar workers]] said that euro has hurt them personally. <ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/money/main.jhtml?xml=/money/2006/12/28/cneuro28.xml French hostility to euro begins to gather pace], The Telegraph, 27 December, 2006</ref>.

As of February 2008, the euro is worth approximately [[US]]$1.48 or GB£0.75.<ref>http://www.xe.com/</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Currency]]
[[Category:Europe]]

James K. Polk

2008-02-12T00:10:30Z

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{{President
|image=Poos.jpg
|seq=11
|term_start=March 4, 1845
|term_end=March 4, 1849
|party= Democratic
|vp=George M. Dallas
|previous=John Tyler
|next=Zachary Taylor
|birth_date=November 3, 1795
|birth_place=Pineville, North Carolina
|death_date= June 15, 1849
|death_place=Nashville, Tennessee
|spouse=Sarah Childress Polk
|spouse2=
|religion=[[Methodist]]
}}

'''James Knox Polk''' was the 11th [[President of the United States of America]], serving from 1845 to 1849. He lived from 1795 to 1849.<ref name = "EncyclopediaPresidents">[[Encyclopedia of Presidents James K. Polk]] by Dee Lillegard, Children's Press, 1988.</ref>He was elected in the [[United States presidential election, 1844|1844 Presidential Election]] as a Democrat and served as president from 1845-1849.

Polk launched an invasion of [[Mexico]] to prevent an imminent Mexican attack on [[Texas]].

Polk declined to run for a second term. He shortly afterwards retired at Polk Place, [[Nashville]] where he died on June 15, 1849. He was the first President to be outlived by his mother.<ref name = "EncyclopediaPresidents"/>

==Notes & References==
<references/>

{{USPresidents}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Polk, James K.}}
[[Category:Presidents of the United States]]

Percent

2008-02-11T21:34:40Z

Bronzefinger:

A '''percent''' (literally, "per cent" means "per hundred") is another way of expressing a [[fraction]]. Instead of allowing any [[denominator]], a percent always has a denominator of 100.

There is a special notation based on this concept: When the denominator is 100, it is omitted, and the [[numerator]] is usually followed by the percent sign "%". For example, one percent (or simply "1%") would be 1/100, and 1/4 would be 25%.

[[Category:Mathematics]]

Hollywood values

2008-02-10T21:18:09Z

Bronzefinger: /* Rehab */ mention that director of operations denies claims re:kirsten - as per source

The phrase '''Hollywood values''' refers to the lack of [[morals]] and [[values]] in [[Hollywood]] culture, which are characterized by rampant [[drug|drug use]], extramarital sex, [[disease]] and death. A poll by MSNBC said that 60% of [[Americans]] agree that "Hollywood's values are not in line with the rest of America and that the quality of movies has dimished in recent years."<ref>http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11714540/</ref>

Hollywood values can include a ''disrespect'' for:

* [[marriage]]
* [[patriotism]]
* [[religion]]
* [[accountability]]

[[Political correctness]], at least publicly, is a central part of Hollywood values.

==Deaths ==
Hollywood values are deadly. Some examples include:<ref>http://www.abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=4174733&page=1</ref><ref>http://www.citynews.ca/news/news_18845.aspx</ref>
*[[Heath Ledger]], 28, found dead in his [[Manhattan]] apartment. "Prescription sleeping pills and anti-anxiety pills were found in bottles in Ledger's bedroom and bathroom, and police have speculated the death was caused by an accidental drug overdose."<ref>http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080123/ap_en_ce/obit_ledger</ref> "Ledger died of an accidental overdose of painkillers, sleeping pills, anti-anxiety medication and other prescription drugs, the New York City medical examiner said Wednesday." <ref>http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,328828,00.html</ref>
* [[Anna Nicole Smith]], 39, accidental overdose on prescription drugs
* [[River Phoenix]], 23, a huge star until he died from an overdose cocaine and heroin.
* [[Brad Renfro]], 25, became addicted to heroin and was found dead after a night of drinking.
* [[Kurt Cobain]], 27, "turned to drugs and alcohol to help him cope," then committed suicide.
* [[John Belushi]], 33, was a repeated drug abuser who ultimately died of a lethal injection of cocaine and heroin.
* [[Sid Vicious]], 21, overdosed on heroin obtained from his mother.
* [[Jim Morrison]], 27, died of an apparent heroin overdose
* [[Jimi Hendrix]], 27, drank wine, took sleeping pills, and asphyxiated on his own vomit.
* [[Marilyn Monroe]], 36, overdosed on sleeping pills
* [[Janis Joplin]], 27, heroin overdose
* [[Lenny Bruce]], 40, heroin overdose
* [[Chris Farley]], 33, overdose of morphine and cocaine
* [[Brian Epstein]], 32, overdosed on sleeping pills and alcohol
* [[Judy Garland]], 47, overdosed on sleeping pills
* [[Elvis Presley]], 42, large drug intake causes a cardiac arrhythmia
* [[John Bonham]],32, after too much drinking, asphyxiated on vomit
* [[Margaux Hemingway]], 42, suicide

== Crime ==
Hollywood values often include stealing and committing other crimes. Here are some examples:

* [[Winona Ryder]] was convicted of convicted of vandalism and grand theft for stealing designer merchandise worth $5,560.40.<ref>http://www.courttv.com/trials/ryder/</ref>
* [[O.J. Simpson]] is widely believed to have murdered his wife and her friend, and was found liable in a civil (but not criminal) trial. He has since been arrested again on an unrelated charge.
* [[Paris Hilton]] was convicted of driving while intoxicated, and then violated the terms of her probation, leading to a 45-day prison sentence.<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/18472845/ Paris Hilton sentenced to 45 days in jail], msnbc, May 4, 2007</ref>
* [[Mel Gibson]] hurled [[Anti-Semitism|Antisemitic]] abuse at police officers after being arrested for drink-driving on a notoriously dangerous road.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2089-2292336,00.html Mel Gibson rants against Jews in drink-drive arrest], Times Online, July 30, 2006</ref>

== Rehab ==
Hollywood values often result in [[Celebrity|celebrities]] going into rehab. Here are some examples:

*[[Kirsten Dunst]] checked into the [[Cirque Lodge]] treatment facility in [[Utah]] after a week of hard partying at the [[Sundance Film Festival]], according to a source at the lodge, although the lodge's director of operations denies this. <ref name = "foxkirsten">
[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,329545,00.html Reports Say Kirsten Dunst in Rehab; Rep for Facility Denies It], ''[[Fox News]]'', February 08, 2008</ref>

The following all checked into the above facility seeking treatment for various psychological problems:

*[[Lindsay Lohan]] <ref name = "foxkirsten"/>
*[[Eva Mendes]] <ref name = "foxkirsten"/>
*[[Mary-Kate Olsen]] <ref name = "foxkirsten"/>

== References ==

<references/>

[[category:entertainment]]

Hollywood values

2008-02-10T21:07:07Z

Bronzefinger: turn duplicate references into one reuseable one - add headline text to links

The phrase '''Hollywood values''' refers to the lack of [[morals]] and [[values]] in [[Hollywood]] culture, which are characterized by rampant [[drug|drug use]], extramarital sex, [[disease]] and death. A poll by MSNBC said that 60% of [[Americans]] agree that "Hollywood's values are not in line with the rest of America and that the quality of movies has dimished in recent years."<ref>http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11714540/</ref>

Hollywood values can include a ''disrespect'' for:

* [[marriage]]
* [[patriotism]]
* [[religion]]
* [[accountability]]

[[Political correctness]], at least publicly, is a central part of Hollywood values.

==Deaths ==
Hollywood values are deadly. Some examples include:<ref>http://www.abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=4174733&page=1</ref><ref>http://www.citynews.ca/news/news_18845.aspx</ref>
*[[Heath Ledger]], 28, found dead in his [[Manhattan]] apartment. "Prescription sleeping pills and anti-anxiety pills were found in bottles in Ledger's bedroom and bathroom, and police have speculated the death was caused by an accidental drug overdose."<ref>http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080123/ap_en_ce/obit_ledger</ref> "Ledger died of an accidental overdose of painkillers, sleeping pills, anti-anxiety medication and other prescription drugs, the New York City medical examiner said Wednesday." <ref>http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,328828,00.html</ref>
* [[Anna Nicole Smith]], 39, accidental overdose on prescription drugs
* [[River Phoenix]], 23, a huge star until he died from an overdose cocaine and heroin.
* [[Brad Renfro]], 25, became addicted to heroin and was found dead after a night of drinking.
* [[Kurt Cobain]], 27, "turned to drugs and alcohol to help him cope," then committed suicide.
* [[John Belushi]], 33, was a repeated drug abuser who ultimately died of a lethal injection of cocaine and heroin.
* [[Sid Vicious]], 21, overdosed on heroin obtained from his mother.
* [[Jim Morrison]], 27, died of an apparent heroin overdose
* [[Jimi Hendrix]], 27, drank wine, took sleeping pills, and asphyxiated on his own vomit.
* [[Marilyn Monroe]], 36, overdosed on sleeping pills
* [[Janis Joplin]], 27, heroin overdose
* [[Lenny Bruce]], 40, heroin overdose
* [[Chris Farley]], 33, overdose of morphine and cocaine
* [[Brian Epstein]], 32, overdosed on sleeping pills and alcohol
* [[Judy Garland]], 47, overdosed on sleeping pills
* [[Elvis Presley]], 42, large drug intake causes a cardiac arrhythmia
* [[John Bonham]],32, after too much drinking, asphyxiated on vomit
* [[Margaux Hemingway]], 42, suicide

== Crime ==
Hollywood values often include stealing and committing other crimes. Here are some examples:

* [[Winona Ryder]] was convicted of convicted of vandalism and grand theft for stealing designer merchandise worth $5,560.40.<ref>http://www.courttv.com/trials/ryder/</ref>
* [[O.J. Simpson]] is widely believed to have murdered his wife and her friend, and was found liable in a civil (but not criminal) trial. He has since been arrested again on an unrelated charge.
* [[Paris Hilton]] was convicted of driving while intoxicated, and then violated the terms of her probation, leading to a 45-day prison sentence.<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/18472845/ Paris Hilton sentenced to 45 days in jail], msnbc, May 4, 2007</ref>
* [[Mel Gibson]] hurled [[Anti-Semitism|Antisemitic]] abuse at police officers after being arrested for drink-driving on a notoriously dangerous road.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2089-2292336,00.html Mel Gibson rants against Jews in drink-drive arrest], Times Online, July 30, 2006</ref>

== Rehab ==
Hollywood values often result in [[Celebrity|celebrities]] going into rehab. Here are some examples:

*[[Kirsten Dunst]], checked into the [[Cirque Lodge]] treatment facility in [[Utah]] after a week of hard partying at the [[Sundance Film Festival]]. <ref name = "foxkirsten">
[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,329545,00.html Reports Say Kirsten Dunst in Rehab; Rep for Facility Denies It], ''[[Fox News]]'', February 08, 2008</ref>

The following all checked into the above facility seeking treatment for various psychological problems:

*[[Lindsay Lohan]] <ref name = "foxkirsten"/>
*[[Eva Mendes]] <ref name = "foxkirsten"/>
*[[Mary-Kate Olsen]] <ref name = "foxkirsten"/>

== References ==

<references/>

[[category:entertainment]]

Richard Feynman

2008-02-10T16:35:01Z

Bronzefinger: replace ibid with reusable reference

[[Image:Htdeyt56.png|right|thumb]]
'''Richard Feynman''' (1918-1988) was an American [[physicist]].

After studying at [[M.I.T.]] and [[Princeton University]], he assisted in the development of the [[atomic bomb]] at [[Los Alamos]].

Feynman's major contribution was to [[quantum electrodynamics]]. He introduced the diagrams, now called [[Feynman diagrams]], which are used to describe the behaviour of systems of interacting particles. He was awarded a Nobel Prize for Physics in 1965.

Feynman liked to tell a story about how when he was a little kid, he asked his father, "Why do things fall?" As an adult, he praised his father for answering, "Nobody knows why things fall. It's a deep mystery, and the smartest people in the world don't know the basic reason for it." Contrast that with the average person's off-the-cuff answer, "Oh, it's because of gravity." Feynman liked his father's answer, because his father realized that simply giving a name to something didn't mean that you understood it. <ref>http://www.vias.org/physics/bk1_05_01.html</ref>

He had a leading role in the investigation of the crash of the [[space shuttle]] Challenger ("behind-the-scenes descriptions of [[science and policy]] colliding" <ref>http://www.amazon.com/What-Care-Other-People-Think/dp/0553347845</ref>).

Feynman cut through the red tape and figured out what caused the [[Challenger disaster]].
*I took this stuff that I got out of your seal and I put it in ice water, and I discovered that when you put some pressure on it for a while and then undo it, it doesn't stretch back. It stays the same dimension. In other words, for a few seconds at least and more seconds than that, there is no resilience in this particular material when it is at a temperature of 32 degrees.
His style of investigating with his own direct methods rather than following the commission schedule put him at odds with Rogers, who once commented, "Feynman is becoming a real pain." During a televised hearing, Feynman famously demonstrated how the O-rings became less resilient and subject to seal failures at ice-cold temperatures by immersing a sample of the material in a glass of ice water.<ref name=NYT_Feynman>{{cite web| url = http://www.nytimes.com/books/97/09/21/reviews/feynman-obit.html?_r=1&oref=slogin |title = Richard Feynman Dead at 69; Leading Theoretical Physicist|accessdate = 2007-01-28|author = Gleick, James|date = 1988-02-17|work = New York Times}}</ref>

Feynman was so critical of flaws in NASA's "safety culture" that he threatened to remove his name from the report unless it included his personal observations on the reliability of the shuttle. He argued that the estimates of reliability offered by [[NASA]] management were wildly unrealistic, differing as much as a thousandfold from the estimates of working engineers. "For a successful technology," he concluded, "reality must take precedence over public relations, for nature cannot be fooled."<ref name = appendixF>Feynman, Richard P. (1986) http://history.nasa.gov/rogersrep/v2appf.htm Appendix F - Personal Observations on Reliability of Shuttle]</ref>
*NASA officials argue that ... since the Shuttle is a manned vehicle "the probability of mission success is necessarily very close to 1.0." It is not very clear what this phrase means. Does it mean it is close to 1 or that it ought to be close to 1? <ref name = "appendixF"/>

==Books==
*''Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!'' - his personal and academic life up to the 1960s
*''What Do You Care What Other People Think?'' - half the book is about the Challenger disaster

==Notes==

<References/>

==External links==

[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Feynman.html Biography]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Feynman, Richard}}

[[Category:Nobel laureates in Physics]]
[[Category:Physicists]]

Poverty level

2008-02-10T16:19:55Z

Bronzefinger: turn links into references - include name of references - turn ibids into link to named reference

The poverty level is an approximation of the [[income]] needed by a [[family]] to barely survive. It is roughly three times the amount that a typical family of its size would spend on food.
*While the poverty thresholds had been calculated on the basis of after-tax money income, they were applied to income data — the Census Bureau's Current Population Survey — that used a before-tax definition of money income; this was done because when the thresholds were being developed, the Current Population Survey was the only good source of nationally representative income data. Orshansky was aware of the inconsistency involved, but there was no other alternative; she reasoned that the result would yield "a [[conservative]] underestimate" of poverty. <ref>[http://aspe.hhs.gov/poverty/papers/hptgssiv.htm The Development and History of the U.S. Poverty Thresholds — A Brief Overview] Gordon M. Fisher, Department of Health and Human Services</ref>

Numerous regulations for [[government]] assistance programs depend on the poverty level or threshold.

==Problems with [[America]]'s official definition==

The Hoover Institution says:
*America’s most relied-upon metric for charting a course in our national effort to reduce and eliminate poverty appears to offer unreliable, and indeed increasingly misleading, soundings on where we are ...
*In fact, over the past three decades, the relationship between the [Official Poverty Rate] and ... other indicators has been perversely discordant. <ref name = "hoover">[http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/3930481.html Hoover Institution - The Mismeasure of Poverty] Nicholas Eberstadt</ref>
*the material circumstances of persons officially defined as [[poor]] have improved broadly and appreciably over the past four decades. <ref name = "hoover"/>
*The official poverty rate is incapable of representing what it was devised to portray: namely, a constant level of absolute need in American society. The biases and flaws in the poverty rate are so severe that it has depicted a great period of general improvements in living standards — three decades from [[1973]] onward — as a time of increasing prevalence of absolute poverty. <ref name = "hoover"/>

[[Gordon M. Fisher]], Department of [[Health]] and Human Services, wrote:
*As technology progresses and the general standard of living rises, new consumption items are introduced. They may at first be purchased and used only by upper-income families; however, they gradually diffuse to middle- and lower-income levels. Things originally viewed as luxuries--for instance, indoor plumbing, telephones, and automobiles--come to be seen as conveniences and then as necessities. <ref>[http://aspe.hhs.gov/poverty/papers/relabs.htm Relative or Absolute — New Light on the Behavior of Poverty Lines Over Time] Gordon M. Fisher, Department of Health and Human Services</ref>

===References===
<references/>

[[category:political terms]]

Hamas

2008-02-10T15:49:12Z

Bronzefinger: replace duplicate references with one reusable one

[[Image:Hamas.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Hamas]]
'''Hamas''' ([[Arabic]]: '''حركة حماس''' "zeal") is a radical [[Islamic]] political and militant organization in [[Gaza]] and the [[West Bank]]. The group is regarded as a [[terrorist]] organization by the [[United States]], the [[EU]], [[Australia]], [[Canada]], [[Israel]], [[Japan]] and [[Jordan]]. The name Hamas is an acronym of ''Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya'' (Islamic Resistance Movement). Hamas combines Palestinian nationalism with [[Islam]]ic fundamentalism, and "regards the territory of the present-day State of Israel — as well as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank — as an inalienable Islamic ''waqf'' or religious bequest, which can never be surrendered to non-Muslims."<ref>''Hamas, the Islamic Resistance Movement'' [http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3377113,00.html YNet] Accessed July 18 2007</ref> Its charter commits the group to the destruction of Israel, the replacement of the Palestinian Authority with an Islamist state on the West Bank and Gaza, and to raising "the banner of Allah over every inch of Palestine."

== Name ==

''Hamas'' is an [[Acronym and initialism|acronym]] of the [[Arabic language|Arabic]] phrase حركة المقاومة الاسلامية, or '''Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya''' or "Islamic Resistance Movement". Ami Isseroff on ''MidEast web'' states that the acronym is also the Arabic word for "zeal".<ref>[http://www.mideastweb.org/hamashistory.htm "A History of the Hamas Movement"]. Copyright 1999-2002. ''MidEast Web''.</ref>

== History ==

Hamas was founded by terrorist Sheik Ahmed Yassin as the [[Egypt|Egyptian]] [[Muslim Brotherhood|Muslim Brotherhood's]] local political arm in December 1987, following the outbreak of the first [[intifada]]. Hamas published its official charter in 1988. From the 1990s it achieved notoriety for its use of the tactic of [[suicide bombing]], principally against civilian targets in Israel. Hamas members started carrying out terrorist attacks starting in the late '80s, at first in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The first Hamas suicide bombing took place on April 26 1993, when Saher al-tamam attacked two Israeli buses in front of a coffee shop in Mehola, killing and injuring several Israelis. It is believed to have killed more than 1500 people in more than 350 separate terrorist attacks since then.

=== Opinion of Fatah ===

It also set itself in opposition to the [[secular]] [[Fatah]] movement. In the 2006 elections to the [[Palestinian Authority]] legislature Hamas gained a majority of seats; its government was dissolved in June 1997 by Palestinian President [[Mahmoud Abbas]] following the military takeover by Hamas of the [[Gaza Strip]] after several days of fighting between Hamas and Fatah.

=== Islam ===

Like the [[Muslim Brotherhood]], which Hamas branched off from, Hamas believes the rules of Islam, or the [[Sharia]] to be a sufficient guide for all areas of life. Since Hamas sees Islam as a sufficent guide for all areas in life, and as a way of life, they, as the Covenant of Hamas says, tries to make Islam its programme.<ref name = "hamascovenant">[http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Hamas_Covenant Hamas Covenant]</ref>

=== Freemasons, Lions Club and the Rotarians ===

Hamas views the [[Freemasons]], [[Lions Club]], and the [[Rotarians]] as groups that help support [[Zionism|Zionist]] interests. It believes the Freemasons, Lions Club, the Rotarians, and the zionists to be behind the drug trade and alcoholism. Hamas believes that the Freemasons, Lions Club and the Rotarians were created with zionist money.<ref name = "hamascovenant"/>

=== Anti-Semitism ===

The group has anti-semitic beliefs such as Jews as plotting to control the world, Jews acquire wealth by stealing, that the Jews control the media, government and finance.<ref>http://www.adl.org/PresRele/IslME_62/4877_62.htm</ref> Also, the co-creator of Hamas said that the Holocaust is the greatest of lies created by the Zionists.<ref>http://www.imra.org.il/story.php3?id=18086</ref>

===Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades===

In 1991, Ezzedeen Al-Qassam Brigades became the armed branch of the group Hamas. It is names after Ezzedeen Al-Qassam, an Islamic militant who was killed in 1935. The stated goals of the brigade are as followed:to fight Israel, take over Israel, and invoke a spirit of Jihad among the Palestinians. The group is made up of many different cells. Secrecy is important, and sometimes cells do not know what other cells are doing. The group said by September of 2000, more than 800 of its members had been killed. The leader of the militant wing is Muhamad Deif.<ref>http://www.alqassam.ps/english/?action=aboutus</ref>

===Social Programs ===

Hamas conducts numerous social welfare actions, known as ''Dawa'', including relief and education programs, school funding, soup kitchens, and sports leagues. These programs are viewed as propaganda and recruitment exercises, or both. In December 2001, the Bush administration seized the assets of the Holy Land Foundation, the largest Muslim charity in the United States, upon finding proof it was funding Hamas.<ref>''ibid.''</ref>

=== Popularity ===

Hamas is still fairly popular among many Palestinian people, but it is not as popular as it was at one point in time. Their total unwillingness to negotiate with the nation of [[Israel]] has weakend Hamas's support. The people are starting to get weary of the violence there.<ref>http://www.cfr.org/publication/8968/#12</ref>

In January of 2006 the political wing of Hamas won many seats in the Palestinian elections.<ref>http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2006/02/mil-060218-voa05.htm</ref>
==References==

{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Politics]]
[[Category:Terrorists]]

Homophobia

2008-02-10T15:23:22Z

Bronzefinger: replace ibid with reusable reference

The term '''homophobia''' is a snarl word used by [[gay rights]] activists to verbally tar and feather anyone who dares to oppose [[homosexuality]]. The term implies that everyone who opposes homosexuality is being irrational, i.e., literally suffering from a [[mental illness]] (see also [[Phobia]]). Often the word is used interchangeably: the distinction between "any opposition" and "crazy opposition" is deliberately blurred.

It is primarily used by [[gay activist]]s to portray opposition to the [[homosexual agenda]] as irrational <ref>Charles W. Socarides, M.D., [http://www.leaderu.com/jhs/socarides.html How America Went Gay], ''America'', (November 18, 1995). </ref>
based on fear or hatred, and to smear Christians and others. It is intended to sound like a form of [[mental illness]], but unlike actual phobias, it is not a term for any recognized psychological condition. <ref> According to the National Association for Research & Therapy on Homosexuality (NARTH), gay-rights advocate Gregory M. Herek, Ph.D. wrote that the term "homophobia" was useful in pushing forward the gay agenda in our culture. [http://www.narth.com/docs/creates.html Gay Psychologist Creates New Terms for Use in the Social Debate]. "In his paper on homophobia, stigma, and sexual prejudice, Dr. Herek suggests that although the term "homophobia" was useful in pushing forward the gay agenda in our culture, the term may be too limited in its scope today."</ref>

NARTH says,
:"The term "homophobia" is often used inaccurately to describe any person who objects to homosexual behavior on either moral, psychological or medical grounds. Technically, however, the terms actually denotes a person who has a phobia—or irrational fear—of homosexuality. Principled disagreement, therefore, cannot be labeled "homophobia." <ref>[http://www.narth.com/menus/positionstatements.html NARTH Position Statements]</ref>

When used in this [[pejorative]] sense, the term is offensive and derogatory (see [[Mockery]]).

===Etymology===
The word comes from combining the Greek prefix ''homo-'', meaning "same", and suffix ''-phobia'', meaning "fear of". In early usage by homosexual activists, the term described heterosexual fears that others might think they were homosexual <ref>http://www.narth.com/docs/creates.html</ref> The neologism was promoted by George Weinberg, a gay activist and psychologist, who attempted to define it in clinical literature shortly before the downgrading of homosexuality as a mental illness by the American Psychiatric Association in 1973. Weinberg claimed it was "the dread of being in close quarters with homosexuals -- and in the case of homosexuals themselves, selfloathing."<ref>Plummer, David, ''One of the Boys: Masculinity, Homophobia, and Modern Manhood'', [http://books.google.com/books?id=xHGz4f_2_7IC&pg=PA3&ots=U8ktZZgnAk&dq=George+Weinberg+homophobia&ie=ISO-8859-1&sig=d7hjCcZ1uuBlgdLyRjUJwEn51uA#PPA3,M1 pp. 3-4]: "'Homophobia was introduced into the clinical literature by George Weinberg in 1972, in ''Society and the Healthy Homosexual.'' </ref> The term then entered common usage beginning with pornographic publications. <ref>Gregory M. Herek, Ph.D., published ''Beyond 'Homophobia': Thinking About Sexual Prejudice and Stigma in the Twenty-First Century,'' in the April, 2004, issue of Sexuality Research & Social Policy. </ref>

The terms meaning has not been accepted or agreed upon within the psychological therapeutic community. William O'Donohue and Christine E. Caselles <ref>William O'Donohue and Christine E. Caselles, [http://www.springerlink.com/content/n0264m864t146585/ Homophobia: Conceptual, definitional, and value issues], Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, Volume 15, Number 3, Springer Netherlands, September, 1993. ISSN 0882-2689</ref> have concluded based upon research within the therapeutic community a clear understanding of the term has not been adequately evaluated and it is not clear whether the term can be accurately characterized. They have concluded, "the construct of homophobia, as it is usually used, makes an illegitimately pejorative evaluation of certain open and debatable value positions, much like the former disease construct of homosexuality."

==="Internalized homophobia"===
The therapeutic community is largely divided between proponents of [[gay gene]] theory who believe a person is born gay and will always be gay, and proponents of [[Reparative therapy]] who believe with sympathy and understanding a homosexual can be relieved of afflictions if they so desire. Gay gene advocates seek to criminalize so-called "homophobia", despite many homophobes themselves being gay, whereas Restoration therapy advocates point out the cruelty of brainwashing a young person into believing -- based upon theoretical evidence -- there is no hope of ever leading a heterosexual lifestyle.

Dr. Joseph Nicolosi reports homosexuality is a symptom of an underlying problem of [[gender identity]]. Nicolosi says,
:In the classic triadic family we have a sensitive boy who did not get the close, affirming relationship with his father that would have confirmed him in his gender identity, and a mother who is likely to be over-close and standing in the way between father and son. The father was not supportive enough in affirming, recognizing and reinforcing the boy's maleness. <ref name = "griefwork">[http://www.narth.com/docs/griefwork.html Clinical Issues: Grief Work], Interview: Joseph Nicolosi, Ph.D.</ref>

Nicolosi adds many gay men admit that no matter how liberated they are, they always struggle, on some deeper level, with a sense of inferiority or self-loathing. Some therapists refer to this as internalized homophobia. Nicolosi attributes this feeling to an internal process, unrelated to social stigma, which precedes same-sex attractions.<ref name = "griefwork"/>

=== Homophobia as an "Irrational Fear" ===
The suffix "phobia" <ref>Psychologists do not recognize it as a phobia in any generally recognized publication like the DSM IV.</ref> suggests an irrational fear, but it is most often used as a attack term by [[gay rights]] groups to suggest that opposition to [[homosexuality]] is irrational and hateful.<ref>Eg, this site [http://www.religioustolerance.org/hom_phob.htm] first defines homophobia as a dread or fear, but says that it includes those who write their Congressmen to oppose same-sex marriage.</ref> Dr. Sander J. Breiner of NARTH has stated, "it would be very valuable for society in general, and therapists in particular, to have a clear picture of homophobia separated from all the other topics that have been lumped under that rubric." <ref>[http://www.narth.com/docs/coll-breiner.html HOMOPHOBIA: A Scientific Non-Political Definition], Dr. Sander J. Breiner, National Association for Research and Therapy on Homosexuality, 2003.</ref> Of the myriads of references to the term in popular and other sociologic publications Breiner observes, "There is no personal, internal, institutional, or cultural homophobia. The terms do not exist in the recognized scientific literature...There is only one homophobia, which has been properly defined," in the the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) <ref>[http://anxiety.psy.ohio-state.edu/phobia-d.htm Specific Phobia DSM-IV Criteria]</ref> developed by the American Psychiatric Association. Breiner, an advocate of [[Reparative therapy]], acknowledges "There is no doubt that homophobia exists" as an irrational fear among both homosexuals and heterosexuals. 2 Timothy 1:7 says, "For God hath not given us the spirit of fear; but of power, and of love, and of a sound mind. <ref>[http://bible.cc/2_timothy/1-7.htm 2 Timothy 1:7]</ref>

=== Violence against gays ===

In 1990, Congress passed the Hate Crime Statistics Act, which required the Attorney General to collect data about crimes that manifest evidence of prejudice based on race, religion, sexual orientation, or ethnicity/national origin. In 1994, lawmakers amended the Hate Crime Statistics Act to include bias against persons with disabilities. <ref>Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reporting Program, Hate Crime Statistics 2005: About Hate Crime[http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/hc2005/abouthc.htm]</ref>

In 2005, law enforcement agencies reported 1,171 hate crime offenses based on sexual-orientation bias, 348 of which are property crimes which includes theft and grafitti. <ref>U.S. Department of Justice — Federal Bureau of Investigation, [http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/hc2005/table4.htm Uniform Crime Reports], Offense Type by Bias Motivation, 2005 Table 4. </ref> While the FBI reports statistics by victim class or bias motivation, race, religion, sexual orientation and disability, the FBI does not report the sexual orientation of known offenders. Thus a conclusion that all offenders are heterosexual is faulty, and the methodology does not measure gay-on-gay violence. In all of 2004, there was 1 anti-homosexual murder in the United States, and the FBI has reported none since. <ref>U.S. Department of Justice — Federal Bureau of Investigation, [http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/hc2004/tables/HateCrime2004.pdf Uniform Crime Reports], Offense Type by Bias Motivation, 2004 Table 4. </ref> Of greater concern among homosexuals is the higher risk and more frequent incidence of [[Homosexuality#Homosexual_Couples_and_Violent_Behavior|Gay Domestic Abuse]] in same sex domestic partnerships than among the heterosexual population.

While 818 bias motivated crimes of persons against gays were reported nationwide in 2004, a earlier study found 5046 incidences of homosexual domestic violence in only nine cities, all of which are crimes of persons. The subject of homosexual domestic violence has not been researched with anything near the thoroughness afforded to heterosexual domestic violence, however the uniformity of conclusions based upon varying sample sizes all point to a prevalence ranging from 20%-35% of homsexual domestic partnerships. <ref>[http://ncavp.org/common/document_files/Reports/2001ncavpdvrpt.pdf Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Domestic Violence in 2001,] National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs, 2002.</ref>

==See also==
*[[Homosexuality]]
*[[Opposition to homosexuality]]
*[[Gay agenda]]
*[[Gender identity disorder]]
*[[Heterophobia]]

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[http://www.adl.org/poisoning_web/homophobia.asp Homophobia Online: The Westboro Baptist Church], Anti-Defamation League (2001). Retrieved 05/23/07.

[[Category:Politics]]
[[Category:Homosexuality]]

Drugs

2008-01-25T11:37:57Z

Bronzefinger: remove parody from Brass Eye

A '''drug''' is a substance which has an negative effect on health but is taken through addiction or a desire to fit in.

Illegal drugs are drugs that the government has declared to be illegal. This is often based on a perception, true or otherwise, that such substances can potentially cause damage to a person's [[brain]] and other organs. Equally there is concern about the fact that most drugs cause [[addiction]]. There is much debate over the legalization of drugs, people on both ends of the political spectrum are advocating for some drugs to be legalized while others on both ends are advocating for tougher penalties for possession of drugs. Some new age [[hippies]] believe drugs can separate one's body from one's soul, and native Americans believe drugs allow one to talk to trees; current research <ref>http://www.psych.uiuc.edu/~bhidalgo/litreview.htm</ref> in neuroscience has shown that psychedelic drugs can be used to induce religious experiences <ref>http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/health_medical/article1171389.ece</ref>.

Those in favor of legalizing drugs often argue that the negative social consequences, including gang warfare and the permeation of dangerously impure substances, are more to do with their prohibition than the drugs themselves. Indeed, before the criminalization of heroin in the UK it was no more than a trivial medical problem <ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/4647018.stm</ref>. Opponents of criminalization also point to the [[Prohibition]] experiment in the USA, where the illegality of alcohol caused problems of gang warfare and unsupervised distilleries that made worse the very problem that prohibition was intended to solve.

Further difficulties arise when various drugs are made illegal for political reasons; the most prominent of which being the outlawing of [[hemp]] to make way for the tree pulp industry. <ref>http://www.ylana.com/hempartc.htm</ref>

==Legal recreational drugs==
A small number of drugs are legally tolerated in Western democracies. Examples include [[alcohol]], [[nicotine]] and [[caffeine]], whereas other drugs which have less adverse affect on the body, such as [[ecstasy]], are banned due to their social stigma.

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Medicine]]

John Griffin Carlisle

2008-01-06T19:20:15Z

Bronzefinger:

'''John Griffin Carlisle''' was a Representative and a Senator from [[Kentucky]]. He was born in Campbell (now Kenton) County, Kentucky, September 5, 1834 and died in New York City, July 31, 1910.

* Attended the common schools
* Taught school in Covington and elsewhere for five years
* Studied law
* Admitted to the [[bar]] in 1858 and commenced practice in Covington, Ky.
* Member, State house of representatives 1859-1861
* Member, State senate 1866-1871
* [[lieutenant governor]] of Kentucky 1871-1875; editor of the Louisville Daily Ledger in 1872
* Elected as a [[Democrat]] to the Forty-fifth and to the six succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1877, to May 26, 1890, when he resigned, having been elected [[Senator]]
* [[Speaker of the House of Representatives]] (Forty-eighth, Forty-ninth, and Fiftieth Congresses)
* Chairman, [[Committee on Rules]] (Forty-eighth through Fiftieth Congresses); elected as a Democrat to the [[United States Senate]] to fill the vacancy caused by the death of James B. Beck, and served from May 26, 1890, until February 4, 1893, when he resigned to accept a Cabinet position
* [[Secretary of the Treasury]] in the Cabinet of President [[Grover Cleveland]] 1893-1897
* Moved to [[New York City]] and resumed the practice of law
* Interment in Linden Grove Cemetery, Covington, Ky.

==References==
*http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000152
{{DEFAULTSORT:Carlisle, John Griffin}}
[[Category:United States Representatives]]
[[Category:Speakers of the House(US)]]

Set

2007-12-21T22:52:30Z

Bronzefinger:

{{stub}}
A '''set''' is a collection of objects, and sets are the subject of [[set theory]]. Two sets are the same if they contain the same elements, regardless of the order they are in. Sets are written in set notation, such as {1,2} indicating the set containing the elements 1 and 2. This is the same as the set {2,1}, as order does not matter.

Also, repetition of elements is irrelevant, so {1,2,2} is the same as the set {1,2}.

An important concept in set theory is [[cardinality]]. In the case of finite sets, this is simply the number of elements of the set. So {1,2} has a cardinality of 2. However, the theory is more complicated in the case of infinite sets.

It was thought that an informal concept of sets ([[Naive set theory]]) was sufficient, however [[Russell's Paradox]] shows that this can lead to a contradiction, if sets are allowed to contain themselves. Modern set theory is more formal, and disallows such paradoxical sets.

[[Category:Mathematics]]

Set

2007-12-21T17:38:34Z

Bronzefinger: expand and re-word opening

{{stub}}
A '''set''' is a collection of objects, and sets are the subject of [[set theory]]. Two sets are the same if they contain the same elements, regardless of the order they are in. Sets are written in set notation, such as {1,2} indicating the set containing the elements 1 and 2. This is the same as the set {2,1}, as order does not matter.

Also, repetition of elements is irrelevant, so {1,2,2} is the same as the set {1,2}.

An important concept in set theory is [[cardinality]]. In the case of finite sets, this is simply the number of elements of the set. So {1,2} has a cardinality of 2. However, the theory is more complicated in the case of infinite sets.

It was thought that an informal concept of sets ([[Naive set theory]]) was sufficient, however [[Bertrand Russell's]] shows that this can lead to a contradiction, if sets are allowed to contain themselves. Modern set theory is more formal, and disallows such paradoxical sets.

[[Category:Mathematics]]

Monty Hall problem

2007-11-14T23:14:27Z

Bronzefinger:

The '''Monty Hall Problem''' is a basic example problem in [[statistic]] and [[probability]] theory based on the premise of the [[television]] show ''[[Let's Make a Deal]]'', originally hosted by [[Monty Hall]].

== Problem Statement ==

A contestant on a game show is presented with three doors. Behind one of the doors is a car, and behind the other two doors are goats. The contestant chooses door 1. The host must then open a door to reveal a goat; he opens door 3. The host then gives the contestant a chance to switch his choice to door 2. If the contestant is trying to win the car, is it to his advantage to switch his choice?

== Solution ==

It may be tempting to say that the contestant neither gains nor loses anything if he switches. Since there are two closed doors, and one of them is the winning door, it may appear that the probability of winning is 1/2 whether the contestant switches or not. Such reasoning is incorrect; the contestant always has a higher probability of winning if he switches.

=== Illustration using scenario outcomes ===

There are three possible scenarios in the problem.
#The contestant initially chooses the door hiding the car. The host reveals one goat, leaving the other goat behind the remaining door. In this case, switching loses.
#The contestant initially chooses the door hiding goat 1. The host must reveal goat 2. Switching wins the car.
#The contestant initially chooses the door hiding goat 2. The host must reveal goat 1. Switching wins the car.

If the contestant switches, two scenarios can lead to wins; the other option loses. Hence, the contestant has a 2/3 probability of success if he switches, but only a 1/3 probability of winning if he does not.

=== Solution using Bayes' theorem ===

The problem can also be solved by using [[Bayes' theorem]] to evaluate the [[posterior probability]] that the car is behind the initially chosen door, given that the host has opened another door.

Let "Prize x" be the event that the prize is behind door x, and let "Open x" be the event that Monty Hall opens door x. Then before the doors are open, P(Prize 1) = P(Prize 2) = P(Prize 3) = 1/3. P(Open 2 | Prize 1) = 1/2, as if the prize is behind door 1, Monty Hall has two doors he can open, as he must reveal a goat, not the prize behind door 1. P(Open 2) = P(Open 3) = 1/2, as there are two doors Monty Hall can open, both equally likely. Thus, using Bayes' theorem, we get:

<math>P(Prize 1| Open 2) = \frac{P(Open 2| Prize 1)P(Prize 1)}{P(Open 2)} = \frac{\frac{1}{2}*\frac{1}{3}}{\frac{1}{2}} = \frac{1}{3} </math>

That is, the probability that the prize is behind door 1, given that Monty opens door 2, is 1/3, so the probability that it is behind door 3 is 2/3. Thus, the contestant should switch. The logic applies equally if Monty opens door 3.

[[category:Probability and Statistics]]

Jack Thompson

2007-11-11T01:08:53Z

Bronzefinger: fix link

'''John Bruce "Jack" Thompson''' is a Florida attorney famous in the media for attacking video games, among other forms of media, as responsible for inciting violence among children. Thompson is known for using personal attacks and inflammatory tactics, rather than hard data, to support his cause. Thompson is under investigation from the Florida Bar for inappropriate conduct.<ref>Ostrovsky, Daniel. [http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1170928966137 Fla. Bar Seeks Sanctions Against Morality Watchdog Jack Thompson]. February 9, 2007 (accessed July 13, 2007), ''New York Law Journal''</ref> He resides in Coral Gables, [[Florida]]. Thompson is a [[Presbyterian]] and politically [[conservative]].<ref>Eugene F. Provenzo Jr., Jack Thompson. [http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/1019/p09s01-coop.html A political odd couple's advice on finding common ground]. October 19, 2004 (accessed July 13, 2007), ''Christian Science Monitor''</ref>

Thompson is particularly well-known among the video game industry for his controversial "A Modest Video Game Proposal", where Jack wrote a letter to leaders of the video game industry; Jack stated that he would donate $10,000 to a charity of Paul Eibeler's (CEO of Take-Two Interactive) choosing, if any video game-creating entity would create and publish a video game based on his criteria; He wanted the main character of the game (a father whose son was killed by a boy who played violent video games) to kill several high-ranking video game industry executives at the [[Electronic Entertainment Expo]] (E3).<ref>Saunderson, Matt. [http://gc.advancedmn.com/article.php?artid=5883 Attorney Proposes Violent Game]. October 10, 2005 (accessed July 13, 2007), ''Gamecube Advanced Media Network''</ref> The game was soon released (titled ''I'm O.K - A Murder Simulator''), though Thompson claimed his letter was satirical, and has not yet donated the promised $10,000. Mike Kralhulik and Jerry Holkins of the [[Penny Arcade]] webcomic, avid critics of Thompson and his methods, later donated a $10,000 check to the [[ESA]], in Jack Thompson's name, believing that the [[ESA]] would have been Eibler's charity of choice. Thompson responded by attempting to file legal charges against Kralhulik and Holkins for harrasment after Thompson had received death threats from people inspired by Kralhulik and Holkins.<ref>http://www.penny-arcade.com/2005/10/17</ref> <ref>http://www.wired.com/gaming/gamingreviews/news/2005/11/69404</ref>

==References==
<references/>

[[category:law]]

Kinder Scout

2007-10-19T18:36:05Z

Bronzefinger: mention mass trespass and add references - slightly tweak height to match reference

Kinder Scout is a bleak [[moor]], which forms the highest part of [[Derbyshire]], at 2087 feet. It is part of the Dark Peak area of the [[Peak District]] [[National Park]]<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/derby/360/derbyshire_views/kinder_scout.shtml BBC - Derby - 360 Images - Kinder Scout]</ref>.

In 1932 it was the subject of a mass trespass by ramblers, in an attempt to secure public access to the site and others like it across [[Britain]]<ref>[http://leisure.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/leisure/tscontent/editorial/holidaysanddaysout/2007/masstrespassonkinderscout.html explore! magazine - The Mass Trespass on Kinderscout]</ref>.

==References==

<references/>

[[category:geography]]

Function

2007-09-15T23:42:43Z

Bronzefinger: expand - rework intro

A function f is a rule for taking one item x, as an input, and producing another item f(x) as an output. Frequently this will involve numbers, so for example the [[polynomial]] f(x) = x^2 takes numbers as inputs, and outputs their squares. So in this case, if 1 is input, 1 is output, whilst if 2 is input, 4 is output. However, there are functions that take other objects as inputs. For example, rotation can be thought of as a function that takes a shape as an input, and outputs that shape rotated by a certain number of degrees.

Usually, a function will be written with a formula for the output, in terms of the input. For example, in the case of f above, the formula is f(x) = x^2. When we want to input a particular value, we insert in in the place of x. So f(1) = 1^2 = 1*1 = 1.

==Examples==

If the inputs and outputs are numbers, then the most obvious examples are the polynomials. f(x) = x + 1 is a simple example, a function that adds one to the input. f(1) = 1 + 1 = 2, f(2) = 2 + 1 = 3, and so on. Also, g(x) = 2x is a function that doubles the input. g(3) = 6, g(4) = 8. Another example is h(x) = 2x + 1. This doubles the output, and adds 1. The result is that h(1) = 2*1 + 1 = 3, h(2) = 2*2 + 1 = 5.

i(x) = x is another function that does nothing to x. So i(1) = 1, i(2) = 2, and so on. This concept will be important later on.

Some functions do not have numbers as outputs. For example, we can define a function pres that takes a number n, and returns the name of the nth [[President_of_the_United_States_of_America| American President]]. So, pres(1) = [[George Washington]] (the first president), pres(2) = [[John Adams]] (the second president), and so on.

Similarly, not all functions take numbers as inputs. For example, we can define a function pres2 that takes the name of an American President (the nth in sequence), and outputs n. Thus pres2(George Washington) = 1, pres2(John Adams) = 2. This is the reverse of pres defined above.

==Composition==

We can take 2 functions, and combine them to form another function, by applying them one after another. This is called composition. For example, take f(x) = x + 1, and g(x) = 2x. We can apply g to x, and then f to the output g(x), to get f o g, which is the function we get by combining the functions f and g in this way. We can think of this as like a [[factory]] [[production line]], where the output of one process or machine becomes the input of the next. Here, the output of g becomes the input of the function f.

In our example, (f o g)(x) = f(g(x)) = f(2x) = 2x + 1. So the combined function f o g is in fact h, which we met earlier. To test this, we can take (f o g) applied to 8. g(8) = 2*8 = 16. Then we apply f to 16, to get f(16) = 16 + 1 = 17. 17 = 2*8 + 1, as expected.

We can also apply the functions in the opposite order to get g o f, where we apply f first then g. f(x) = x + 1, and g(x+1) = 2(x+1) = 2x + 2. So (g o f)(x) = 2x + 2. So, the order in which we combine the functions makes a difference to the final result. Again, we test this formula by applying the function to 8. f(8) = 9, and g(9) 18. 18 = 2*8 + 2, as expected.

==External Link==
*[http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Function.html Function -- from Wolfram MathWorld]

[[category:mathematics]]

Cardinality

2007-08-21T22:50:23Z

Bronzefinger: add section on infinite sets

Cardinality is a measure of the size of a [[set theory|set]]. For [[finite]] sets, its cardinality is simply the number of elements in it.

For example, there are 7 days in the week (Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday), so the cardinality of the set of days of the week is 7. Similarly, there are 26 letters in the [[alphabet]], so the set of letters of the alphabet has cardinality 26. As another example, the set of suits for [[playing card]]s is 4 (there are four suits, hearts, diamonds, clubs and spades).

One interesting property of finite sets is that when two sets have the same cardinality, they can be put into a one-to-one correspondence (known as a [[bijection]]). For example, there are 4 suits in a deck of cards, and four main compass directions (North, South, East and West). Thus, the cardinality of the set of suits in a deck of cards, and that of the set of compass directions, are both four, so the two sets have the same cardinality.

We can place them in one-to-one correspondence as follows:
Hearts <-> North,
Diamonds <-> South,
Clubs <-> East,
Spades <-> West. Each suit corresponds to exactly one compass direction, and vice versa.

Similarly, we can put the set of days of the week, and the [[Seven Deadly Sins]] in one-to-one correspondence:
Monday <-> Pride, Tuesday <-> Envy, Wednesday <-> Gluttony, Thursday <-> Lust, Friday <-> Anger, Saturday <-> Avarice, Sunday <-> Sloth.

Also, if two finite sets have different cardinalities, they cannot be placed in a one-to-one correspondence. If we tried to place the 4 suits, and the 7 days of the week in such a correspondence, we could start with Hearts <-> Monday, Diamonds <-> Tuesday, Clubs <-> Wednesday, Spades <-> Thursday. Then we would have to start repeating suits, which is not allowed for a one-to-one correspondence.

This suggests another definition for cardinality, that two sets have the same cardinality if there is a one-to-one correspondence between them. This is the definition we will use for infinite sets, where the concept of the number of elements of a set is not as clear.

==Infinite sets==

Infinite sets are sets that go on for ever. For example, the set of natural numbers (1,2,3...) is infinite, as no matter how far we go, there will always be more numbers. An important type of infinite set is the countable set. A set is [[countable]], if it can be written as a list. For example, the set of natural numbers itself is countable. This is where countable sets get their name from, as the natural numbers are sometimes called counting numbers, as they are the numbers we use to count with.

One alternative definition of a set being countable, is that it has the same cardinality as the natural numbers. This is equivalent to saying that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the set, and the set of natural numbers.

One example of a countable set is the set of even numbers. These can be written as a list: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16... Alternatively, they can be put into a one-to-one correspondence with the set of natural numbers: 1 <-> 2, 2 <-> 4, 3 <-> 6, 4 <-> 8, 5 <-> 10,....

Similarly, the multiples of 3 (3, 6, 9, 12, 15...), 4 (4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28... and so on, each form a countable set, as each can be written as a list.

One unusual property of infinite sets is that a "smaller" set can have the same cardinality as a "larger" one. For example here we see that the set of even numbers has the same cardinality as the set of natural numbers, and thus it is in a sense the same size, even though the set of even numbers misses out a lot of numbers from the set of natural numbers.

[[category: set theory]]

Bronchitis

2007-08-19T19:34:27Z

Bronzefinger: un-deadend

'''Bronchitis''' is an inflammation of the main air passages (bronchi) to the [[lung]]s. It causes a [[cough]], shortness of breath and chest tightness. Coughing often brings up yellow or greenish [[mucus]]. There are two main types of bronchitis: acute and chronic.

Acute bronchitis is often caused by the same [[virus]]es that cause [[common cold|cold]]s. It usually starts as a [[sore throat]], runny nose or sinus infection, then spreads to the airways. It can cause a lingering dry cough, but it usually goes away on its own.

Chronic bronchitis is one type of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). The inflamed bronchi produce a lot of mucus. This leads to cough and difficulty getting air in and out of the lungs. [[Cigarette smoking]] is the most common cause. [[Breathing]] in other fumes and dusts over a long period of time may also cause chronic bronchitis. Treatment will help alleviate symptoms, but chronic bronchitis is a long-term condition that keeps coming back or never goes away completely.<ref>http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bronchitis.html</ref>

==References==

<references/>

[[Category:Medicine]]

Branding iron

2007-08-19T19:28:15Z

Bronzefinger: un-deadend

A '''Branding iron''' is an [[iron]] used for burning marks on [[livestock]]. Each [[farmer]]'s [[brand]] is unique; therefore, each herd can be distinguished from another.
[[category:agriculture]]

Brachial neuritis

2007-08-19T19:27:21Z

Bronzefinger: un-deadend

Brachial neuritis is inflammation of [[nerve]]s in the arm causing [[muscle]] weakness and pain.<ref>http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/about/terms/glossary.htm#b</ref>

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Medicine]]

Bonded Warehouse

2007-08-19T19:26:39Z

Bronzefinger: un-deadend

A '''Bonded Warehouse''' is a [[warehouse]] authorized by [[Customs]] authorities for storage of [[goods]] on which payment of duties is deferred until the goods are removed.<ref>U.S. Department of Transportation Maritime Administration [http://www.marad.dot.gov/publications/glossary/glossary.html]</ref>

==References==
<references/>
[[Category:Shipping terms]]

Bond energy

2007-08-19T19:25:48Z

Bronzefinger: un-deadend

Bond energy is the [[energy]] which must be exerted to bread a bond.

[[category:chemistry]]

Blackmail

2007-08-19T19:24:49Z

Bronzefinger: un-deadend

'''Blackmail''' is a demand for something from someone by threatening to accuse that person of a [[crime]] or immoral conduct that would tend to disgrace him or her. It does not matter if the accusation was truthful or not, or whether the accusation was later made or not. It does help the criminal, however, provided that the blackmailee ''thinks'' there might be something to the accusation.

There are many federal and state laws prohibiting blackmail. For example, 18 U.S.C. § 875(d) states that:

:Whoever, with intent to extort from any person, firm, association, or corporation, any money or other thing of value, transmits in interstate or foreign commerce any communication containing any threat to injure the property or reputation of the addressee or of another or the reputation of a deceased person or any threat to accuse the addressee or any other person of a crime, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than two years, or both.

For example, Autumn Jackson was sentenced to 26 months in jail to be followed by 3 years supervised release for threatening to embarrass [[Bill Cosby]] in order to obtain money from him.<ref>United States v. Jackson, 196 F.3d 383 (2d Cir. 1999)</ref>

== References ==

<references/>
[[category:legal terms]]