Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

James Peters

2012-04-27T19:14:21Z

Caesare:

Billie Jean King

2012-04-27T19:14:15Z

Caesare:

Barak

2012-04-27T19:14:00Z

Caesare:

'<div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">''Barak''' ([[Hebrew]] '''בָרָ֣ק''', a flash of lightning) (fl. 2744 AM/1260 BC)<ref name=Jones>Jones, Floyd M., ''The Chronology of the Old Testament'', Green Forest, AR: Master Books, 2004, p. 278</ref> was a reluctant commander at a celebrated battle in the history of [[Israel]].

== The Battle of Kishon ==
Barak was a [[Naphtali (tribe)|Naphtalite]], and grew to manhood during the oppression of King [[Jabin]] of [[Hazor]]. Why [[Judge (biblical)|Judge]] [[Deborah]] selected him to recruit and command an army to fight a battle of liberation, the Bible does not say. But some Rabbinical commentators identify Barak with "Lappidoth" (Hebrew '''לַפִּידֹ֑ות''', lamps) and suggest that he was married to Deborah and furnished lamps for the [[Tabernacle]]. This is very unlikely because Deborah was not Naphtalite, but [[Ephraim (tribe)|Ephraimite]].

One day Deborah summoned him to her tribunal and there gave him an order from [[God]]: to recruit a force of ten thousand men, part Naphtalite and part [[Zebulun (tribe)|Zebulunite]], and take station on [[Mount Tabor]]. Sisera would attempt to draw Barak out to the Kishon River, and there Barak could defeat him.

Barak was capable but timid, and he told Deborah that he would go to Mount Tabor only if Deborah accompanied him. Deborah consented to this, but advised Barak that the victory would not redound entirely to his credit, because Sisera would fall to a woman. Barak learned only later which woman Deborah was talking about.

Barak traveled to Naphtali and then to Zebulun and succeeded in recruiting ten thousand men. He led these men to Mount Tabor, as Deborah had instructed him. Then, at the opportune moment, Sisera heard tell of Barak's army and immediately moved to the Kishon River with his 900 chariots and his infantry.

This was a fatal mistake, because the Kishon River was overflowing after a torrential rain, ({{Bible ref|book=Judges|chap=5|verses=21}}) and its banks had turned to mud.<ref name=dolphin>Dolphin L, "[http://www.ldolphin.org/Deborah.html Deborah the Prophetess]," September 12, 2003. Accessed December 16, 2008.</ref><ref name=Telushkin>Telushkin J, "[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/deborah.html Deborah]," from ''Jewish Literacy'', New York: William Morrow and Co., 1991. Reprinted by the Jewish Virtual Library. Accessed December 16, 2008.</ref> ({{Bible ref|book=Judges|chap=5|verses=4}}). Deborah apparently led a small diversionary force of her own, composed of [[Benjamin (tribe)|Benjamites]] and Ephraimites, to attack Sisera from the rear. When Sisera turned to meet this minor threat, Barak's division rushed down Mount Tabor and attacked him in full force. Sisera's chariots and infantry were wiped out to the last man.<ref name=Easton>Easton MG, "[http://www.christiananswers.net/dictionary/deborah.html Deborah]," WebBible Encyclopedia, ed. Paul S. Taylor, n.d. Accessed December 16, 2008</ref> ({{Bible ref|book=Judges|chap=4|verses=15-16}})

Sisera deserted his troops and tried to escape. Barak's forces pursued Sisera's army as far as Harosheth-hagoyim, and then Barak chased Sisera himself. He found his dead body in the tent of [[Jael]], wife of Heber the Kenite. She had lured Sisera into her tent and then killed him by driving a tent peg through his head.<ref name=Telushkin/> ({{Bible ref|book=Judges|chap=4|verses=22}})

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== See also ==
* [[Israel]]

{{nb Judges}}
[[Category:Biblical Persons]]
[[Category:Biblical Military Commanders]]
[[Category:Judges]]
[[Category:Israel]]

Gang

2012-04-27T19:13:54Z

Caesare:

A '''gang''' is a essentially a group. The term typically carries a negative connotation.

==Modern usage==
In modern usage, ''gang'' often refers to loosely organized groups that control a territory through readiness to use coordinated [[violence]], especially against other gangs. Violence also serves to maintain organization within the gang and to control gang members (Decker and Van Winkle, 1996; Horowitz, 1983; Sanchez-Jankowski, 1991; Yablonsky, 1962).<ref>http://66.102.1.104/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=cache:h9JcVK1qThEJ:www.campbell.edu/faculty/gay/readings/school_violence/gangs_overview.pdf+gangs+isolation+restrictive+control+members</ref>
<div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
Gangs are as diverse and dissimilar as the [[ideologies]] and belief systems which influence and motivate them.<ref name="Stith">{{cite web|author=Deborah Prothrow-Stith|url=http://www.children.smartlibrary.org/NewInterface/segment.cfm?segment=2075|title=Not All Gangs are the Same: Types of Youth Gangs|work=Smart Library on Children and Families|accessdate=2007-06-05|actualdate=1991}}</ref> Extremist and hate groups in some states have acquired the label, as the extremist groups operate very similarly to corporate gangs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fbi.gov/congress/congress05/mueller021605.htm Federal Bureau of Investigation|title=Congressional Testimony - Testimony of Robert S. Mueller, III (Director)|author= Robert S. Mueller, III|actualdate=2005-02-16|accessdate=2007-06-05}} </ref> While hierarchy, colors, and [[Territory (animal)|turf]] are not emphasized as much within these extremist groups, symbols, signs, codes, special languages, and group collaboration and participation in patterns of criminal activity, especially crimes against human rights and civil liberties, are as much a part of the gang type behavior as they are to more traditional 'street gangs'.<ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/fbi/7stage_hate_model.pdf|title=The Hate Model|author=John R. Schafer, Joe Navarro|accessdate=2007-06-05|actualdate=2007-03}}</ref>

In [[Social environment|environments]] with few [[social support|social supports]], gangs provide young members a sense of belonging, and protection from other gangs; often, where prospects for gainful employment are poor, they also provide an illegal means of earning a living.

==Classification==
The dissimilarity between some gangs has prompted the generation of categories to classify gangs based on finances and activities. They also usually account for the drop out rates in the public school system.

''Scavenger gangs'' are characteristically disorganized and often represent the least successful of all the types of gangs. Members of scavenger gangs may be low achievers, and may be prone to violent or erratic behavior. Because these gangs are not well organized, leadership of scavenger gangs may change frequently and without reason. Scavenger gangs often turn to low-level crime, usually committed spontaneously and without planning. If a scavenger gang can become more organized, it may be able to grow into a territorial gang.<ref name="Stith" />

''Territorial gangs'' are typically more organized than scavenger gangs, but their primary purpose is still social. Some may sell [[drug]]s, but this is not a defining characteristic of the territorial gang. Territorial gangs will often use violent means to defend their territory; in some cases this helps the gang to bond and reinforces the social structures of the gang. Gang members may be attracted to territorial gangs because they have difficult home lives.<ref name="Stith" />

''Corporate gangs'' are highly organized conspiracies, constructed for the purpose of marketing drugs and gaining maximum [[profit]]s. The symbolism and turfs that are significant to territorial and scavenger gangs are meaningless to corporate gangs. Members of corporate gangs are expected to follow a certain etiquette, and severe punishment can be expected for any faux pas. Leadership of a corporate gang requires a higher level of intelligence than other gangs, and bosses in these gangs will often be highly successful career criminals.<ref name="Stith" />
==References==
{{reflist}}

== See also ==
* [[Ku Klux Klan]]

==External links==
*[http://www.knowgangs.com/photo/ Gang Photos] - Pictures of different types of gangs and gang members
*[http://www.thehoodup.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=82&Itemid=152 Blood Gang Knowledge & History]

[[Category:Crime]]

The O'Reilly Factor

2012-04-27T19:13:45Z

Caesare:

[[File:Oreilly.JPG|200px|thumb|right|An example of O'Reilly's ''Talking Points Memo'']]
'''''The O'Reilly Factor''''' (also often known as ''The Factor'' or ''The No-Spin Zone'') is a [[Fox News]] television show hosted by [[conservative]] political commentator [[Bill O'Reilly]]. This show as of August 2011 is the highest-rated show in [[cable news]]. The show features O'Reilly (or a guest host, usually [[Laura Ingraham]] or [[Juan Williams]]) and guests discussing major issues of that day.
==Segments==
The show has man<div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">y segments, which some have been discontinued.
*Talking Points Memo- A daily segment where O'Reilly discusses a key issue in current events with his words appearing as a side note on the screen.
*Top Story- Usually, O'Reilly has guests discuss the issue brought up in the previous Talking Points Memo section
*Personal Story- O'Reilly invites someone who wrote a bestselling book, or has made the news in some way, or who has interviewed a newsmaker
*Miller Time- A Wednesday segment where O'Reilly invites regular guest comedian Dennis Miller on the show. The discussion is generally a lighthearted one on several issues, accompanied with visual gags and movie clips.
*Barack and a Hard Place- Monica Crowley and Alan Colmes discuss issues related to [[Barack Obama]] with O'Reilly
*Watter's World- Jesse Waters goes out every other Monday and interviews younger people on a current issue
*Pinheads and Patriots- Daily segment at the end of the program where people in the news are decided if they had done something good (patriot) or bad (pinhead).
*Factor Viewer Mail-O'Reilly reads bits of emails at the end of the program, often ones that have contrasting viewpoints on the last show
*Word of the Day- At the last minute of the program, O'Reilly picks an obscure word to challenge the viewer to know or look up

== See also ==
*[[Bill O'Reilly]]
*[[Fox News]]
*[[Hannity (TV show)]]
[[Category:Television]]

Internet trolling

2012-04-27T19:13:40Z

Caesare:

'''Internet trolling''' is a term applied to an "Internet troll," a "forum troll," a "wiki troll" or a "message board troll." [[Troll]]s are a person or persons (trolling can be a group project or process) who posts outrageous messages to bait people. Forum trolls delight in sowing discord on websites, often by expressing what many would consider a "far out" ideological point of view. Trolling is a form of [[network abuse]]. Trolling often inspires heated discussion (also known as "flame wars") which usually end with name-calling or other unproductive behavior.

Internet trolling is<div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"> extremely common on [[Youtube]] in the forms of cyberbullying, and it is a common [[Liberal tools|liberal tool]].

{{Liberalism}}

[[Category: Internet]]
[[Category:Liberal Traits]]

American Government Terms H

2012-04-27T19:13:13Z

Caesare:

Lauchlin Currie

2012-04-27T19:13:08Z

Caesare:

<div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">[[Image:Currie1939a.gif|right|250px|thumb|'''Lauchlin Currie''', Administrative Assistant to [[President Roosevelt]] <br>and [[KGB]] spy.]]'''Lauchlin Bernard Currie''' (8 October 1902 - 23 December 1993) was Administrative Assistant to President [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]], and a [[USSR|Soviet]] spy.

==Early Life and Career==
Currie was born in West Dublin, Nova Scotia, the Son of Lauchlin and Alice (Eisenhauer) Currie. He attended the London School of Economics and received a B.S. Degree in 1925. In 1931, he received a Ph.D. Degree from Harvard. He married Dorothy York Bacon in 1927, and had two children, Lauchlin Morgan Currie and Roderich Bornish Currie. Currie first came to the United States in 1925, and was naturalized in 1934. He was an instructor and a tutor at Harvard University from 1927 to 1934. [[Paul Sweezy]] was one of his students. He was also a professor of international economics at Fletcher Graduate School of Law and Diplomacy, West Medford, Massachusetts, from 1933 to 1934. During this same period of time he was employed as a consultant by the Kendall Company, a cotton products concern in Boston. Currie served as a trustee of the William Alanson White Psychiatric Foundation, a member of the American Economic Association, and the author of a book entitled ''The Supply and Control of Money in the United States'' published in 1934, which became a standard work on the subject.

==New Dealer==
During the latter part of 1934, Currie was appointed Senior Analyst by Secretary Henry Morgenthau working with [[Harry Dexter White]] in Treasury's Division of Research and Statistics and was later made Assistant Director of Research and Statistics for the Board of Governors for the Federal Reserve System, which position he retained until 1939, also reportedly won enthusiastic recognition.

In 1938, he began to give evidence of his growing importance. In that year he put forward a plan to solve railroad troubles by a lease-lend procedure through which the railroads would get equipment in much the same way that Britain gets war goods under the [[Lend-Lease Act]]. In that same year, he wrote an "influential memorandum" on the causes of the recession in which he discussed, among other things, Social Security taxes, and pointed out that compensatory Federal spending to stimulate heavy industry might be more flexible if concentrated outside the regular budget.

In May of 1939, Currie gave testimony before the Temporary National Economic Committee. He reportedly showed that investments follow production and since 1932 State and local governments have been piling up savings so that the net Federal investment must be at least one billion dollars to provide equivalent purchasing power. Currie became Administrative Assistant to [[President Franklin Roosevelt]] in July of 1939<ref>Testimony of Lauchlin Currie, August 13, 1948. Hearings Regarding Communist Espionage in the United States Government. Hearings before the Committee on Un-American Activities. U. S. Congress, House, 80th Congress, Second Session (Washington: Government Printing office, 1948) Part I, p. 852.</ref>, and was empowered to coordinate "the work of the various departments in their relations to the Executive." <ref>''New York Times'', July 23, 1939.</ref>

[[Whittaker Chambers]], a former affiliate of the Soviet Secret Intelligence Service in Washington, D. C., for the purpose of developing a government underground, stated that Lauchlin Currie was a 'fellow Traveler' who helped various Communists. This statement was made to a representative of the State Department when Chambers was questioned relative to individuals in the Government who were allegedly active in behalf of the Communist Party and the Soviet Union.

==KGB operative==
In 1939, defecting [[GRU]] courier [[Whittaker Chambers]] identified Currie to Assistant Secretary of State (in charge of security) Adolf Berle as a "[[fellow traveller|fellow traveler]]" who "helped various Communists" in the underground but "never went the whole way"<ref>[http://www.johnearlhaynes.org/page100.html Adolf Berle’s Notes on his Meeting with Whittaker Chambers] (John Earl Haynes, Historical Writings)</ref> of becoming a Communist Party member.<ref>John Earl Haynes, [http://www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/docs/Vassiliev%20Notebooks%20Concordance2.pdf Vassiliev Notebooks Concordance: Cover Names, Real Names, Abbreviations, Acronyms, Organizational Titles, Tradecraft Terminology], 2008, p. 39</ref>

In 1945, defecting [[NKVD]] courier [[Elizabeth Bentley]] told the [[FBI]] of her impression that Currie had "[http://www.education-research.org/PDFs/splitfiles/splitprocessed/Silvermaster006_Folder/Silvermaster006_page21.pdf something to do]" with [[USSR|Soviet]] agent [[Nathan Gregory Silvermaster]] getting a position in the Bureau of Economic Warfare, and said Currie was "[http://www.education-research.org/PDFs/splitfiles/splitprocessed/Silvermaster006_Folder/Silvermaster006_page44.pdf actively assisting in passing information]" [http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=h-diplo&month=9906&week=b&msg=QzpZF2kgcbL8dEBvU%2BfyYw&user=&pw= to her network]—including informing Soviet agent [[George Silverman]] that the United States was "[http://www.education-research.org/PDFs/splitfiles/splitprocessed/Silvermaster006_Folder/Silvermaster006_page26.pdf on the verge of breaking the Soviet code]."<ref>[http://www.education-research.org/PDFs/Silvermaster006.pdf Vol. 6: Statement of Elizabeth Terrill Bentley], November 30, 1945, FBI file: [http://www.education-research.org/CSR/Holdings/Silvermaster/summaries.htm Silvermaster], pp. 20, 25, 43 (PDF pp. 21, 26, 44) Cf. Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=9TWUAQ7Xof8C The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB]'' (New York: Basic Books, 2000), ISBN 0-465-00310-9, p. 130; Robert Louis Benson and Michael Warner, eds., ''[https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/venona-soviet-espionage-and-the-american-response-1939-1957/venona.htm Venona: Soviet Espionage and The American Response, 1939-1957]'' (NSA/CIA, 1996), pp. xiv, xxiv; FBI memo: Belmont to Boardman, February 1, 1956, p. 9 ([http://foia.fbi.gov/venona/venona.pdf FBI file: Venona], p. 71)</ref> Currie was indeed an NKVD agent<ref>Robert J. Hanyok, ''[http://www.nsa.gov/about/_files/cryptologic_heritage/publications/wwii/eavesdropping.pdf Eavesdropping on Hell: Historical Guide to Western Communications Intelligence and the Holocaust, 1939-1945]'', 2005, pp. 118-119 (PDF pp. 123-124), n. 185; John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=dIsmm_ZLHcIC Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America]'' (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999), ISBN 0300077718, p. 146</ref> in the White House;<ref>Frank J. Rafalko, ed., [http://www.ncix.gov/issues/CI_Reader/Vol3/Vol3Chap1.pdf Vol. 3, Ch. 1: Cold War Counterintelligence], ''[http://www.ncix.gov/issues/CI_Reader/ A Counterintelligence Reader: An American Revolution Into the New Millennium]'' (NCIX), pp. 30-31 (PDF pp. 29-30); Herbert Romerstein and Eric Breindel, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mVpWH51F7toC The Venona Secrets: Exposing Soviet Espionage and America's Traitors]'' (Washington: Regnery Publishing, 2001), ISBN 0895262258, p. 167</ref> he would later admit that he "might have heard about such codebreaking developments," and "would have had no problem telling Silverman that type of information" (though, as [http://www.nsa.gov/about/_files/cryptologic_heritage/SYMP_2009_agenda.pdf Robert L. Benson] and [http://www.conservapedia.com/Alger_Hiss#refBenson95 Cecil Phillips] note, Silverman had "obviously no need to know regarding the Russian problem.")<ref>Robert Louis Benson and Cecil J. Phillips, ''[http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB278/01.PDF History of Venona]'' (Fort George Meade, Md.: National Security Agency, 1995), p. 37; John Earl Haynes, Harvey Klehr and Alexander Vassiliev, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=qCAVQ_cdomcC Spies: The Rise and Fall of the KGB in America]'' (Yale University Press, 2009) ISBN 0300123906, p. 263; Kathryn S. Olmsted, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=kwQQDXs__wwC Red Spy Queen: A Biography of Elizabeth Bentley]'' (Chapel Hill: UNC Press, 2002), ISBN 0807827398, p. 49</ref>

A senior government official who worked closely with Currie during the war told the FBI that in 1944 Currie admitted to him that he had “tipped off” the Russians that the U.S. had “broken the Soviet diplomatic code.” A second person who worked closely with Currie during the war recalled that Currie told her that the U.S. had broken the Soviet code.<ref>Robert Louis Benson and Cecil Phillips, ''[http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB278/01.PDF History of Venona]'' (Fort George Meade, Md.: National Security Agency, 1995), pp. 37-38</ref>

[http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=h-diplo&month=9906&week=d&msg=lPD3vPuXuLZMFEHUHuo%2B5w&user=&pw= Soviet archives] likewise identify Currie as a Soviet intelligence source. In 1948, [[Anatoly Gorsky]] identified Currie in the "[[Gorsky memo]]"as the Soviet agent code-named "PAZh/Page,"<ref>Alexander Vassiliev, ''Black Notebook'', [http://www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/docs/Black%20Notebook%20Original.pdf Orig.] p. 40; [http://www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/docs/Black%20Notebook%20Translated1.pdf Trans.] p. 78; cf. Ronald Bachman and Harold Leich (tr.), with John Earl Haynes, [http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=h-hoac&month=0503&week=b&msg=ycrsVT7M1e2L9EECiLFskg&user=&pw= Alexander Vassiliev's Notes on Anatoly Gorsky's December 1948 Memo on Compromised American Sources and Networks], History of American Communism (H-HOAC) Discussion Network, March 14, 2005; David Lowenthal with Svetlana A. Chervonnaya, [http://hnn.us/articles/11581.html Gorsky Report: Dec 23, 1949], History News Network (George Mason University), May 2, 2005</ref> who is recorded in [[Venona]] giving [http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1944/14oct_pazh_eleron_albert_robert.pdf information to Akhmerov] and "handing over [http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1945/20mar_illegal_albert.pdf documents" to Silvermaster].

Through a surreptitious and out of process means Currie secured [[Comintern]] operative [[Owen Lattimore]] as the personal appointment of President Roosevelt as American adviser for [[Kuomintang]] Generalissimo [[Chiang Kai-shek]], who at that time in 1941 was engaged in a desperate struggle with Japan in the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]. <ref>Testimony of Stanley K. Hornbeck, February 15, 1952. U. S. Congress, Senate Committee on the Judiciary, [[Internal Security Subcommittee]], Institute of Pacific Relations, Hearings, 82nd Congress, First Session (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1951), Part 9, pp. 3209-10.</ref>

In the early part of 1941, Currie was sent to be Head of the Economic Mission to China as personal envoy of the President to confer with Chiang Kai-shek and other leading executives of the Kuomintang. Currie studied Chinese arsenals, military training schools, and industrial cooperatives while in China. Although his report had not been made public, he appears to have studied the economic structure in general and its special problems of currency and transportation. Currie later spent a few days in New Delhi, India, and returned to the United States on August 20, 1942.

During the Hatch Act investigation of [[Nathan Gregory Silvermaster]], an employee of the Department of Agriculture, Lauchlin Currie was interviewed. Silvermaster denied any Communist links and appealed to Under Secretary of War Robert Patterson to overrule the security officials. Currie personally phoned Patterson and urged a reconsideration of Silvermaster’s case. <ref>File card of Patterson contacts in regard Silvermaster, box 203, Robert P. Patterson papers, Library of Congress. </ref><ref>General Bissell to General Strong, 3 June 1942, Silvermaster reply to Bissell memo, 9 June 1942, Robert P. Patterson to Milo Perkins of [[Board of Economic Warfare]], 3 July 1942, all reprinted in “[[Interlocking Subversion in Government Departments]],” 30 August 1955, 84th Cong., 1st sess., part 30, 2562–2567.</ref>

When asked to comment upon Silvermaster's political philosophy, Currie stated that in his mind conclusive evidence of whether or not a person is Communistically inclined was the individual's attitude up to June 23 1941, when Germany invaded the Soviet Union. Inasmuch as Silvermaster, according to Currie was an advocate of war prior to that time, Currie did not regard him as Communistic and stated that he was a "[[liberal]]" and "[[New Deal]]er in his political leanings." <ref>''Underground Soviet Espionage Organization (NKVD) in Agencies of the United States Government,'' 21 February 1946, FBI Silvermaster file, serial 573. </ref> Silvermaster subsequently received two promotions and pay raises. During the course of the investigation the Office of Naval Intelligence furnished information indicating that Currie and Silvermaster were associates and friendly.
In 1943-1944 Currie ran the [[Foreign Economic Administration]] where he played a major role in recruiting or recommending economists and others throughout the Washington administration, prominent examples are [[John Kenneth Galbraith]], Richard Gilbert, [[Adlai Stevenson]], and William O’Dwyer. [[John Carter Vincent]] is also listed as an Acting Special Assistant to the Administrator.

After the death of [[Jacob Golos]], KGB Case Officer [[Iskhak Akhmerov]] urged Silvermaster to arrange for direct KGB contact with Currie, but Silvermaster resisted. Currie sent a warning that American cryptanalysts were on the verge of breaking the Soviet diplomatic code. <ref>[https://www.cia.gov/csi/books/venona/venona.htm Venona: Soviet Espionage and the American Response, 1939-1957] </ref> An August 1943 [[Venona]] cable reports to Moscow that Currie had given [[George Silverman]] a memorandum involving the State Department. In June 1944, the New York KGB reported receipt of two items from Currie. One was information on President Roosevelt's reasons for keeping [[Charles de Gaulle]] at arm's length. The other told the Soviets that Roosevelt was willing to accept Stalin's demand that the USSR keep the half of Poland that it had received under the [[Nazi-Soviet Pact]] and that FDR would put pressure on the London Polish government-in-exile to make concessions. President Roosevelt had personally assured Polish-Americans, prior to the 1944 election, of his support for the Polish cause. Currie's private information let Stalin know that he could disregard these public stands and need not make serious concessions to the Poles. It was about this time Currie also met with [[Oskar R. Lange]] in Chicago.

[[Pavel Fitin]], head of KGB foreign intelligence, told its New York office in March that it wanted more out of Currie. Fitin acknowledged that “[Currie] trusts [Silvermaster], informs him not only orally, but also by handing over documents”. But, said Fitin, “up to now [Currie's] relations with [Silvermaster] were expressed, from our point of view, only in common feelings and personal sympathies. [unrecovered code groups] question of more profound relations and an understanding by [Currie] of [Silvermaster's] role. If [Silvermaster] does not get [Currie's] transfer to our worker, then he [unrecovered code groups] raising with [Currie] the question of [Currie's] closer complicity with [Silvermaster].”

In April 1944, an anonymous letter was received by the FBI, the writer was subsequently identified as [[Katherine Perlo]], wife of [[Victor Perlo]]. This letter, directed to the White House, listed the names of approximately twenty-five persons whom the writer designated as members of the Communist group in Washington or contacts thereof. Among those names listed was that of [[George Silverman]] with the following parenthetical notation along side this name: "Railroad Retirement Brd. — works thru close friends who are indebted to him — Lauchlin Currie - [[Harry White]], etc. –"

In late 1945, the FBI opened an investigation of [[Anatoly Gorsky]], a KGB officer operating out of the Soviet embassy in Washington under the guise of being a Soviet diplomat. A report on the investigation in February 1946 cited several meetings between Gorsky and Currie. Currie admitted to the FBI in 1947 he had met at least four times with Gorsky in 1945. <ref>Report on Currie interview, 31 July 1947, FBI Silvermaster file, serial 2794.</ref> Years later it was discovered that Currie also met with [[Vasily Zarubin]] in August 1943 which coincides with mysterious [[Venona#.22Mr._Hoover.22|"Mr. Guver" letter]] in which a Soviet KGB officer stated that Zarubin “has some high level agent in the office of the White House.” <ref>[https://www.cia.gov/csi/bulletin/csi7.htm#toc16 "Mr. Guver": Anonymous Soviet Letter to the FBI], Anonymous Russian letter to J. Edgar Hoover, 7 August 1943, reproduced in Robert Louis Benson and Michael Warner, eds., ''Venona: Soviet Espionage and the American Response, 1939–1957'' (Washington, D.C.: National Security Agency, Central Intelligence Agency, 1996), 51–54. </ref>

Lauchlin Currie was one of the Federal employees listed as an affiliate of subversive organizations by the [[Dies Committee]] in a memorandum submitted to the Attorney General. It was stated he was a member of the Washington Committee to Aid China.

An article appeared in the October 31, 1944, New York Daily Mirror reporting a speech by Governor Bricker stating that he declared Lauchlin Currie was a Federal employee with a [[subversion (political)|subversive]] record. Currie was one of seven individuals named in Bricker's speech to "conclusively prove Roosevelt and the New Deal are in the hands of the radicals and the Communists."

[[Owen Lattimore]] wrote a letter of introduction for [[Haakon Chevalier]] to Lauchlin Currie. Chevalier was attempting to obtain a Government job during this period of time. Chevalier is a known Soviet Secret Intelligence Service ([[NKVD]]) contact and was associated with numerous members of the Communist Party on the West Coast.

==''[[Amerasia]]'' scandal==

Currie was listed as one of the individuals who attended the [[Institute of Pacific Relations]] Conference held at Mont Tremblant, Canada, from December 5 to 19, 1942. In the early part of September 1943, Currie was appointed as Acting Deputy Administrator and he remained until the early part of 1945. He then resumed his former [[White House]] duties.

It was Currie who recommended Owen Lattimore to President Roosevelt to serve as a special advisor to [[Jiang Jieshi]](Chiang Kai-shek). <ref>[http://www.geocities.com/Pentagon/6315/comatph.html ''Communism at Pearl Harbor''], ''How the Communist Helped to Bring on Pearl Harbor and Open Up Asia to Communization'', Anthony Kubek, University of Dallas, p. 2 -4. </ref>

In connection with inquiries conducted with respect to [[Michael Greenberg]], it was learned Greenberg at one time was assigned to work with Currie at the White House on matters pertaining to Chinese affairs.

In the late summer of 1950, Currie emigrated to Colombia and a few years later renounced his American citizenship.<ref>John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, ''Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America'' (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999), p. 150.</ref>

On September 9, 1950 and June 14, 1951, Senator [[Joseph McCarthy]] publicly discussed the case of Currie and the fact that he was a security and loyalty risk.<ref>Buckley, Jr., William F. and Bozell, L. Brent, ''McCarthy & His Enemies, The Record And Its Meaning'' (Regnery Publishing Inc., 1954), pp. 366-367.</ref>

In December 1952, Currie gave evidence in New York to a grand jury investigating Owen Lattimore's role in the publication by [[Amerasia]] magazine of secret State Department documents.

==Notes==
<references/>

==References==
*United States. National Counterintelligence Center. [http://www.ncix.gov/issues/CI_Reader/Vol3/Vol3Chap1.pdf ''A Counterintelligence Reader'', Vol 3 Chap 1]. NACIC. no date. pg. 31.
*Lauchlin Currie testimony, 13 August 1948, U.S. Congress, House of Representatives, Committee on Un-American Activities, 80th Cong., 2d sess., 851–877.
*Michael Warner and Robert Louis Benson, “Venona and Beyond: Thoughts on Work Undone,” Intelligence and National Security 12, no. 3 (July 1997), 10–11.
*Allen Weinstein and Alexander Vassiliev, ''The Haunted Wood: Soviet Espionage in America--the Stalin Era'' (New York: Random House, 1999), 161–63, 168, 243, 274.
*Robert J. Hanyok, [http://www.nsa.gov/publications/publi00044.cfm ''Eavesdropping on Hell'']: Historical Guide to Western Communications Intelligence and the Holocaust, 1939-1945. Ft. Meade, MD: [[National Security Agency]], Center for Cryptologic History, 2005; "Currie, known as PAZh (Page) and [[Harry Dexter White|White]], whose cover names were YuRIST (Jurist) and changed later to LAJER (Lawyer), had been Soviet agents since the 1930s. They had been identified as Soviet agents in [[Venona]] translations and by other agents turned witnesses or informants for the FBI and [[Justice Department]]. From the Venona translations, both were known to pass intelligence to their handlers, notably the [[Silvermaster network]]."

==External links==
*[http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/laughlincurrie.htm Lauchlin Currie FBI file]
*[http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?print=yes&id=455 McCarthyism: Waging the Cold War in America], by M. Stanton Evans, ''Human Events'', 05/30/1997. Updated 05/08/2003.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Currie, Lauchlin}}
[[Category:KGB Agents and Sources]]

Parable of the Talents

2012-04-27T19:13:04Z

Caesare:

Battle of Yorktown

2012-04-27T19:12:58Z

Caesare:

Quantum field theory

2012-04-27T19:12:56Z

Caesare:

<div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">'''Quantum field theory''' is a mathematical theory in physics which extends [[quantum mechanics]]. Field theory describes the interactions between subatomic particles, such as electrons, protons, quarks and photons. However, it predicts a cosmological constant that is 120 times larger than the observed value. <ref>http://www.aip.org/pnu/2006/split/781-2.html</ref>

The differences between basic QM and Field Theory are these: in QM, the interactions between more than two particles are increasingly difficult to model, and the creation and destruction of particles cannot be modeled at all. In contrast, Field Theory can describe states containing arbitrary numbers of particles of different energies, masses, charges and types. Field Theory also provides an elegant framework for describing the interactions between particles, and the creation of new particles and destruction of old ones-- for example, the emission and absorption of photons by electrons, and vice versa<ref>Bjorken and Drell. <i>Quantum Field Theory</i> Chapter 3; McGraw Hill Inc. (1980)</ref>.

For a given interaction of particles, field theoretical calculations generally cannot be solved in a closed, analytical form-- that is, the predicted probabilities cannot be described by one simple equation; however, physicists have developed numerous approximation methods which produce estimates of ever-increasing precision (compared to experiment), with the precision depending upon how much mathematical work is put into the analysis<ref>Pierre Ramond. <i>Field Theory: A Modern Primer</i>, Chapter VIII; Benjamin-Cummings Inc. (1981)</ref>.

Field theoretical calculations, while extremely labor-intensive, have yielded predictions of unparalleled precision compared to experimental measurements. The most famous of these is the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron, a very difficult calculation that has (so far) yielded a prediction<ref>G. Gabrielse, D. Hanneke, T. Kinoshita, M. Nio, and B. Odom, ''New Determination of the Fine Structure Constant from the Electron g Value and QED,'' Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 030802 (2006), Erratum, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 039902 (2007).</ref> accurate to one part in a billion compared to experiment<ref>B. Odom, D. Hanneke, B. D'Urso, and G. Gabrielse, ''New Measurement of the Electron Magnetic Moment Using a One-Electron Quantum Cyclotron,'' Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 030801 (2006).</ref>.

Field theoretical calculations can be extremely labor-intensive, if math is employed by hand; or computer time-intensive, if software approximations are used. Computational attempts to model the field theoretical equations of the strong nuclear force within protons, neutrons<ref>S. Dürr, Z. Fodor, J. Frison, C. Hoelbling, R. Hoffmann, S. D. Katz, S. Krieg, T. Kurth, L. Lellouch, T. Lippert, K. K. Szabo, and G. Vulvert. <i>Ab Initio Determination of Light Hadron Masses.</i> <i>Science</i> 21 Vol. 322. no. 5905 (Nov. 2008), pp. 1224 - 1227. DOI: 10.1126/science.1163233.</ref> and mesons<ref>C. T. Davies <i>et al.</i> <i>High-Precision Lattice QCD Confronts Experiment</i>. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 22001 (2004). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.022001. </ref> are among the most intensive computational research projects ever attempted, but have produced good agreement with experiment.

Field theoretical calculations become increasingly difficult as the number of (incoming or outgoing) particles increases; for very large numbers of particles (e.g. macroscopic liquids and solids), the methods of [[Solid State Physics]] (also based on QM) are employed instead.

Quantum Field Theory has [[Special Relativity]] built in as an intrinsic part of the theory<ref>Bjorken and Drell. <i>Quantum Field Theory</i> Chapter 2; McGraw Hill Inc. (1980)</ref>. However, the most naive application of Field Theory to [[General Relativity]] is known to be unworkable. This has led to attempts at alternative formulations to reconcile Field Theory and GR. In contrast to the other three forces of nature (electromagnetic, weak nuclear, strong nuclear), which have extensive and impressive experimental confirmation<ref>Chris Quigg. <i>Gauge Theories of the Strong, Weak, and Electromagnetic Interactions</i>; Benjamin/Cummings Co. (1983).</ref>, no alternative formulations of quantum gravity have experimental confirmation.

== The Forces of Nature ==

In the Standard Model of physics, there are four forces of nature: electromagnetic, weak nuclear, strong nuclear, and gravity<ref>Chris Quigg. <i>Gauge Theories of the Strong, Weak, and Electromagnetic Interactions</i> p.16; Benjamin/Cummings Co. (1983).</ref>.

The electromagnetic force models interactions between electrically charged particles, and historically resulted from a unification of the electrical and magnetic fields, which were once thought to be separate fields.

The weak nuclear force<ref>Chris Quigg. <i>Gauge Theories of the Strong, Weak, and Electromagnetic Interactions</i> Chapter 6; Benjamin/Cummings Co. (1983).</ref> is most well-known for mediating radioactive atomic decays, in which (for example) a proton in a nucleus will turn into a neutron (which remains in the nucleus), and a positron and neutrino, which are emitted. Non-nuclear particles such as electrons also participate in the weak force. Neutrinos only participate in the weak force, and have extremely low mass, making their observation very difficult. The weak nuclear force only exerts force when particles are extremely close together.

The strong nuclear force holds together the protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus, and the quarks within protons, neutrons, and mesons<ref>Chris Quigg. <i>Gauge Theories of the Strong, Weak, and Electromagnetic Interactions</i> Chapter 8; Benjamin/Cummings Co. (1983).</ref>. Because protons all have the same charge, they repel each other strongly, and the strong nuclear force is necessary to overcome this and hold them together in a nucleus; likewise for the quarks inside protons, neutrons and mesons. Unlike electromagnetism, which can extend over long distances, the strong nuclear force only exerts force when particles are extremely close together; but at close range, it is enormously stronger than electromagnetism.

Field theory can model the first three forces with a high degree of precision and success, but fails for gravity<ref>Chris Quigg. <i>Gauge Theories of the Strong, Weak, and Electromagnetic Interactions</i> p.271; Benjamin/Cummings Co. (1983).</ref>, for reasons described below. Gravity is by far the weakest of all the forces of nature, when measured in absolute units. This may seem to us to be paradoxical. Electromagnetism (for example) appears to us to be weaker than gravity, because most matter we encounter is nearly equal in positive and negative charges, so that the opposing charges nearly cancel at long distances. However, with gravity, there is no observed "negative mass" to cancel out the effect of positive mass, so the gravitational forces of particles, while individually very tiny, are cumulatively enormous over long distances. (Antimatter has positive mass, but opposite properties to matter.)

== Field Bosons Mediate Action At a Distance ==

How is it that particles affect each other-- for example, the repulsion of like charges, or attraction of unlike charges?
Field theory can incorporate "action at a distance" models by the direct incorporation of an external potential field, e.g. V(x) where x is the distance from a fixed, unmoving charge, and V is the potential energy of the interaction. However, such models are of limited use because x becomes dependent on the motion of the other particle, if the other particle moves; and in addition this method ignores fluctuations of virtual particles expected from [[Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle]]. Thus, most commonly field theory employs other methods.

The forces of nature are mediated by particles called field [[bosons]]. Particles exert forces on each other, which appears to be action at a distance, by passing back and forth between them virtual field bosons, which exchange their momenta. As an analogy, consider two people on ice skates on an ice rink, playing football. The first throws a football, and the reaction force of the throw pushes him backward. The second catches the football, and the catch pushes her backward. The two ice skaters are now "repelled" and moving away from each other, with the football as mediator of the force. Thus, virtual bosons mediate attractive and repulsive forces.

Bosons in general are particles of integral spin (0, 1, 2, etc.) "Spin" here refers to quantum mechanical angular momentum of a particle spinning about its axis. In quantum mechanics, all elementary particles can only have angular momenta which are multiples or half-multiples of [[Planck's constant]]. In particular, the first three forces (but not gravity) are considered to be mediated by bosons of spin 1.

The electromagnetic force is mediated by the photon, a particle of light, which is massless and uncharged. The theory which describes the interactions of charged particles and photons is called Quantum Electrodynamics (QED)<ref>Bjorken and Drell. <i>Quantum Field Theory</i> Chapter 6; McGraw Hill Inc. (1980)</ref>, attributed primarily to [[Richard Feynman]] and Julian Schwinger.

The weak nuclear force is mediated by particles called W and Z bosons. These are very massive particles, as massive as a heavy atomic nucleus. The W particles are charged (W+ and W-) and Z is uncharged.

The electromagnetic and weak forces have been mathematically unified into a single formalism, called [[Electroweak Theory]]<ref>Chris Quigg. <i>Gauge Theories of the Strong, Weak, and Electromagnetic Interactions</i> Chapter 6; Benjamin/Cummings Co. (1983).</ref>. The unification means that photons, W and Z bosons are all considered to be different aspects of a more fundamental doublet of field bosons. The electroweak theory can describe electromagnetic and weak phenomena with fewer tuneable free parameters-- as the single most important goal of physics is to describe all forces with as few free parameters as possible. Electroweak Theory has been extremely successful, and predicted the existence and approximate mass of the Z boson before its observation in experiments.

The strong nuclear force is mediated by particles called gluons. Particles such as quarks are said to have "color charge", which gives them an ability to exchange gluons, in the same way that particles with electrical charge can exchange photons. The theory that describes quarks and gluons is called Quantum Chromodynamics, or QCD<ref>Chris Quigg. <i>Gauge Theories of the Strong, Weak, and Electromagnetic Interactions</i> Chapter 8; Benjamin/Cummings Co. (1983).</ref>. A major complication in QCD is that the gluons themselves have "color charge", unlike, say, photons which have no electrical charge. This makes QCD calculations extremely difficult. On the other hand, it has the advantage of eliminating the "screening problem" identified by Landau. Also, the coupling between quarks and gluons (color charge) is, measured in absolute units, much larger than the electrical charges of charged particles like electrons.

These differences make QCD much harder than QED. However, all the forces of nature involve their own theoretical challenges.

== Perturbative and Non-Perturbative Methods ==

A difference between QED/Electroweak and QCD is that the coupling of electron and photons (electrical charge) is much less than 1 when measured in absolute units, while the color charges of quarks in QCD is greater than 1. This means that predictions in QED can be approximated by a set of mathematical methods called "perturbative"<ref>Bjorken and Drell. <i>Quantum Field Theory</i> Chapter 6; McGraw Hill Inc. (1980)</ref>, while QCD calculations often requires methods called "non-perturbative."

As a simple case, consider two electrons rushing toward each other. They should be repelled by like charges. In a QED perturbative calculation, this repulsion, while very complex, is modelled as a series of ever more complicated [[Feynman graphs]] each representing different exchanges of intermediate virtual particles. With each step in the calculation, more and more intermediate (internal) particles are exchanged, and the graphs grow more and more complicated. The zeroth. order approximation is that the outgoing particles are the same as the incoming (no change). The first order approximation is that one virtual photon is passed from one electron to the other. Graphs for the second order approximation are: the electrons exchange two virtual photons; OR, one incoming electron emits a photon, which splits into an electron/position pair, the pair recombines to form a photon, which is finally absorbed by the other incoming electron. Each new graph is considered an additional "perturbation" of the zeroth. approximation (no change). By the addition of many such graphs, predictions of extraordinary precision can be computed<ref>G. Gabrielse, D. Hanneke, T. Kinoshita, M. Nio, and B. Odom, ''New Determination of the Fine Structure Constant from the Electron g Value and QED,'' Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 030802 (2006), Erratum, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 039902 (2007).</ref>; but this is very labor-intensive.

In QCD, perturbative methods are of limited use because the color charge is so strong, that each new graph contributes more than the previous one, so the series may not terminate. Consequently, the interactions of quarks are often modeled by other means, e.g. the use of very powerful computer simulations called "Lattice Gauge QCD" simulations. In these simulations, space and time are approximated as a lattice of points separated by fixed distances. The quarks and gluons do not have fixed positions on the lattice, as they are quantum mechanical wave functions; rather, the field of each quark and gluon must be continually computed all over the lattice, the value at each lattice point continually changing due to the strong interactions of the wave functions. These methods require enormous amounts of time on powerful supercomputers, but have produced several important recent successes<ref>S. Dürr, Z. Fodor, J. Frison, C. Hoelbling, R. Hoffmann, S. D. Katz, S. Krieg, T. Kurth, L. Lellouch, T. Lippert, K. K. Szabo, and G. Vulvert. <i>Ab Initio Determination of Light Hadron Masses.</i> <i>Science</i> 21 Vol. 322. no. 5905 (Nov. 2008), pp. 1224 - 1227. DOI: 10.1126/science.1163233.</ref><ref>C. T. Davies <i>et al.</i> <i>High-Precision Lattice QCD Confronts Experiment</i>. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 22001 (2004). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.022001. </ref>.

== Experimental Successes ==

Calculations involving field theory are universal throughout high-energy particle physics. Here we will briefly summarize a few more notable successes.

As stated above, one the greatest achievements of QED is the very labor intensive, but extremely precise, calculation of the angular magnetic moment of the electron. In classical quantum mechanics, the magnetic moment of the electron, called <i>g</i>, should be exactly 2.0. The very small deviation from 2 is called the anomalous magnetic moment, and can be experimentally measured to extremely high precision. The very labor-intensive theoretical predictions<ref>G. Gabrielse, D. Hanneke, T. Kinoshita, M. Nio, and B. Odom, ''New Determination of the Fine Structure Constant from the Electron g Value and QED,'' Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 030802 (2006), Erratum, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 039902 (2007).</ref> from QED match the experimental measurement to one part in a billion<ref>B. Odom, D. Hanneke, B. D'Urso, and G. Gabrielse, ''New Measurement of the Electron Magnetic Moment Using a One-Electron Quantum Cyclotron,'' Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 030801 (2006).</ref>, a precision unparalleled in all of science. Also, the magnetic moment of the muon can be predicted to one part in a billion.

Also, as stated above, the Electroweak Theory, a unification of QED and weak force, predicted the existence and approximate mass of the Z boson before its observation<ref>Chris Quigg. <i>Gauge Theories of the Strong, Weak, and Electromagnetic Interactions</i> Chapter 6; Benjamin/Cummings Co. (1983).</ref>.

QCD has successfully described jet events at particle colliders. In these events, a particle and antiparticle are smashed together in a collider; the resulting energy then turns into a quark and anti-quark pair. The quark and anti-quark each then split into vast, complex showers of other high-energy particles, called "jets", which are seen as showers of particles in opposing directions in the particle detector. If the quark and anti-quark produce showers immediately, it is called a two-jet event. In about 10% of all cases, a quark or anti-quark will emit a gluon, which then splits into still more particles, thus displaying a three-jet event. QCD successfully models the probability and momentum distributions of the jets<ref>http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2004/wilczek-lecture.pdf (p. 102)</ref>.

Non-perturbative methods have recently been very successfully used in QCD. Lattice gauge QCD calculations, requiring vast computer power, have computed the masses of the proton, neutron<ref>S. Dürr, Z. Fodor, J. Frison, C. Hoelbling, R. Hoffmann, S. D. Katz, S. Krieg, T. Kurth, L. Lellouch, T. Lippert, K. K. Szabo, and G. Vulvert. <i>Ab Initio Determination of Light Hadron Masses.</i> and mesons<i>Science</i> 21 Vol. 322. no. 5905 (Nov. 2008), pp. 1224 - 1227. DOI: 10.1126/science.1163233.</ref><ref>C. T. Davies <i>et al.</i> <i>High-Precision Lattice QCD Confronts Experiment</i>. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 22001 (2004). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.022001. </ref>, by computing the energy of the interaction E of the quarks and gluons on a lattice, and then employing Einstein's equation m = E/c2. These calculations compute the masses of several important particles entirely ''[[a priori]],'' with no tuneable free parameters input to the model, except the strong coupling constant.

== Field Theory and Relativity ==

Although Quantum Field Theory is fully compatible with, and in fact requires [[Special Relativity]], the most naive application of field theory to [[General Relativity]] is known to be unworkable. This is generally considered to be the most difficult outstanding problem in Physics.

The incompatibility is due both to the complications of curved space-time required by GR, as well as from presumed properties of gravitons. Gravitons are hypothetical bosons which, in the most naive application of Field Theory to GR, would mediate the gravitational force between particles. Unlike the bosons mediating the other forces of nature, which are spin 1, gravitons in the simplest case would be [[bosons]] of spin 2, coupled to the Einstein mass-energy tensor. This difference in spin greatly complicates the renormalization of quantum gravity.

Consequently, alternative theories of quantum gravity are an active area of research among physicists, including popular theoretical attempts such as string theory and loop quantum gravity. None of these alternative approaches yet has experimental confirmation.

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Sources ==

* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/quantum-field-theory/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]

[[Category:Physics]]

Battle of Carnifex Ferry

2012-04-27T19:12:52Z

Caesare:

Passover Seder

2012-04-27T19:12:48Z

Caesare:

<div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
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$val = str_</font>
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$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

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'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
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$val = str_</font>
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$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
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| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
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$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

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'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">Held on the 14th of the Hebrew month of Nissan, the day and month of the the going out of the Children of Israel from Egypt, the Passover seder is the ceremonial reenactment in recitation in the Jewish household. The Se'or (yeast) and the Hametz (everything that has been made with yeast) has been banished from the household, and even literally burned (b'irah). The table will be set with the ceremonial foods set on the tray:

*Zeroa = roasted shank bone of chicken or lamb bone, symbolizing the roasted Passover lamb of Second Temple days.

*Betzah = hard boiled and roasted egg, to symbolize the lamb that was slain to satiate the Israelite family group prior to the offering of the passover lamb that the feast not be sullied by ravenous appetite.

*Maror = bitter herbs , usually horse radish or romaine lettuce to recall the Hebrews' bitter suffering in Egypt.

*Haroset = chopped apples and nuts with cinammon and wine to denote the clay and mortar with which the Hebrews worked. To be eaten later with Matzah.

*Karpas = Parsnips or celery to be dipped 5 times in salt water (reminiscent of sweat and tears) and eaten.

*Hazeret = Horseradish and celery again to be eaten in Matzah sandwich later.

*The three Matzot (unleavened bread) recalling the fact that there was no time for leavening on the night of the first passover of flight from Egypt. They are kept in cloth covering but the middle one is broken and part hid for the children to find and be given some money. That hidden part is called the Aphikomen.

*The wine is set for the four cups of wine, two during the ceremonial seder, the third, called the cup of Thanksgiving drunk after the meal, and the last after it.

*A special cup filled with wine, the Cup of Elijah, is set near the center of the table or at one of its corners nearest door kept slightly open. It is for the coming of Elijah to announce the Messiah. When he comes, he will drink some wine and we will know as we watch his cup and know that soon so will come the Messiah.

The aim is to recall how we were taken from Egypt amd rekindle hope in us for this generation.

After a blessing, dipping of Karpas in salt water, and the breaking and hiding of the Aphikomen, there is the Aramaic prayer called the Magid (Recite)- " This.." (head of household holding up the ceremonial plate for all to see) '.. is the bread of affliction which our Fathers ate in Egypt...Let anyone who is hungrey come in and eat, Let anyone who is needy come in and make Passover. This year we are here, next year we shall be in the Land of Israel. This year we are slaves. Next year we shall be freemen." In Aramaic, the name of the prayer is as its first words. Ha Lahma Aniya (This is the bread of affliction).

The youngest boy that is capable, then sets the tone by asking the Fier Kashes (Four Hard questions) concerning the difference of this night from all other night
This is the occasion for the head to begin the Biblical story Avadim Hayiinu(We were slaves). The story begins with us in Egypt but, with time lapses to before then with the calling of Abraham and God's promise to him, with occasional interjections from the Rabbis concerning "awakening elements".

One of these is the Four Sons - the Wise, the Wicked, the
Simple, and the Incapable by age or capacity. It is based on the Scripture "Which the Lord has commanded you". The Wise son asks, so tell him precisely, The Wicked Son repeats "has commanded YOU "- meaning in his heart, you, not me, and so excludes himself. The Simple Son also asks "What's it all about?" Make it clear to him, " With a strong hand the Lord took us out" The Incapable? "It is you who must begin with him" leading him into understanding.

Then back to the story of the calling and the redemption of the people from the hands of the Egyptians and the beginning of the lifting of the cups of wine and setting them down without drinking. Here it be noted that the ingenuity and good humor of the father is to be applied. Some oriental communities have a "stranger" with staff in hand, and a pack on his back (It is Uncle Ike in diguise) knocking at door asking to be a part. Some families, especially having newcomers and children, will follow the father and do as he does lifting the cup, never knowing "Will he drink from it this time or not?", as the father tries to trick them and keep them alert (Uncle Herman, also. He is asleep again).

All this time, the children very openly, and the grown-ups furtively, keep glancing at the cup of Elijah to see if the wine in it has diminished any, if he has come already to announce the Messiah.

Back to Israel in Egypt with the recitation, increasing in severity, and oppression of the people in labor, thoughts and conversation will intensify and associate with our modern experiences of holocaust and wanderings and longing for home; of the fulfillment in Israel, the ingathering of the modern exiles etc.

At the height of the recitation, there are the Plagues, ten in Number, and at each plague named a few drops of wine spilled into a plate - which are the tears of the weeping angels at the devastation soon to take place because of the hardness of the heart. Blood, Wild Beasts, Hail, Frogs, Destruction, Locusts, Lice, Boils, Darkness, Death of the First Born.

The response is sung by all at the table in the rousing chant of Dayainu ("It would have been enough for us!"). If He had taken us out of Egypt and not brought judgment on their gods, DAYAINU, If He had brought judgement on their gods and not killed their first born, DAYAINU, If he had killed their first born, and not given us their riches, DAYAINU. If He had given us their riches, and not split the Red Sea for us, DAYAINU... If... DAYAINU, If... DATAINU...etc. Sung with much fervor, banging on the table, clicking of utensils, babies laughing, crying, Uncle Herman now awake, odors from the kitchen, women laughing. dinner is coming soon!

Then is sung Al Ahat Kama ve Kama, "How much More!". How much greater then is our indebtedness to THE PLACE UPON US (God) that He has done all this for us - taken us out of Egypt, brought judgment on their gods, killed their first born, etc. etc.

And now all attention is riveted on the head, as he shows the Matzah, the bitter herbs, repeats the saying - In each generation one ought out to regard himself as personally having come out of Egypt, then he lifts the cup and gives praises, lauds, honors, glorifications, etc. to God for the redemption from Egypt, breaks pieces from the upper and middle Matzah, washes his hands, and all make the pre-meal sandwich of Matzah and the bitter herbs, and Haroset, the table is set (Shulchan Arucch) and all begin to eat. There is no difference between life and liturgy. After dinner, there is the drinking of the third cup (the cup of Thanksgiving) the singing of songs, the drinking of the fourth cup, more songs, and finally - The proclamatic saying by all that all has now been completed - "Nirtzah" Accepted.

===Lord's Supper and the Passover Seder===

Though it is not likely that the Lord's Supper was at an actual Passover Meal at the normative time for Passover, nevertheless it was the Passover, and the Passover Seder in particular, which provided the "material" for the Gospel narratives concerning His last supper on earth. The following elements point to this close relationship.

*Jesus sent out his disciples to prepare for the Passover which He would eat with them before he suffered Lk. 22:8. . He called the meal that they were about to eat "Passover" and eagerly desired to eat it with His disciples.Lk.22:15.

*Though Matthew and Mark report Jesus taking the bread first and then the wine and speaking of His body and His blood, Luke reports that there was also a cup drunk before the bread. The taking of cups of wine before the meal is in accord with both Jewish Sabbath sancification (kiddush), and the Passover Seder.

*The Gospels indicate that there was a meal eaten at the last supper after Jesus took the bread and saying "This is my body..."* and before Jesus took the cup saying "This is my blood...". "Likewise, after they had supped, Jesus took the cup". This is in accord with the Seder where there are two parts to the ceremony separated by the Passover meal. In the Apostle Pauls day, the Lord's Supper was still being celebrated in the context of a meal - which people where abusing, forgetting, in their ravenous behavior, the reason why they were to celebrate. (This happened in Judaism as well. The boiled and roasted egg on the passover plate, also called the Hagigah - the Festivity, is meant to represent the lamb eaten outside the temple area by the family before the Passover lamb was slain. This lamb is meant to slake the appetite of the worshippers so that when they do eat the Passover lamb, it is not eaten ravenously, but with thought as to its significance).

*In the Passover Seder, besides the frequent mention of Matzah with intent to recall the happenings of Israel in Egypt and the hasty flight from it, there are two specific referrals and focusing attention to Matzah by the father to the household. This is fairly at the beginning of the service, with the Aramaic "This is the Bread of Affliction" prayer and toward the end of the part before the meal. Jesus could well have lifted up the bread at either of these two points telling what He intended as the new meaning for the old rite - His broken body for them all. This would have set the motion for the Disciples henceforth continuing to celebrate the Passover but that under the new sign of the New Covenant which would have a new name from what the Lord was to do for them. And so, the Passover Seder would become, the Lord's Supper, and Holy Communion, and Eucharist. Instead of a once a year celebration on the 14 of the month Nissan, the "little passover" for the Christians was celebrated once a week remembering Christ, "their Passover", on the first day of the week (Sunday), the day that He rose from the dead.

*Significantly, the cup that Jesus took immediately after the meal to signify His blood "shed for you and for the many", is called the Cup of Thanksgiving. This then would be the context for His speaking of His blood shed for them. The note for disciples listening would be gratitude for what He was about to do for them -though this could only surface after the pain of losing Him. The Last Supper for the Christians would be called Thanksgiving -"Eucharist"

*There was a "sop" given by Jesus to Judas to urge him now to do his dirty work. There were, at the Passover Seder, bitters, "Maror", to remind of the bitter servitude of the children of Israel in Egypt. There was also salt water for dippings of the Maror for the same purpose. There was also the mixture known as Haroset for the same purpose - recalling mortar for Pharoah's building projects. The sop given by Jesus to Judas could well have been any of these dippings and mixtures - already laden with bitterness, which Judas had now come to continue and bring to a new plane.

*The Passover Seder was already in the form of a "sacrament". that is, it was not considered a contrivance of men for a greater purpose to be or not to be performed as considered apt. It was a command of God to be fulfilled, which He would see, and after which, the people having performed it, could say "Nirtzah" - Accepted! This is in accord with Jesus saying "Do this in Remembrance of Me" and in accordance with the fact, that from that first Lord's Supper, this "doing" continued on in the Church as an essential aspect of the worship of he people. They were "doing" what the Lord commanded to be done.

*The Passover Seder is a "home service". That is, it is not celebrated in the Temple (though in Second Temple times the lamb was slain in the Temple area), nor was it celebrated in the synagogue. The "officiant" was neither a priest (the cohen) nor a rabbi. It was the father of the household. Thus it was very much a localized affair, or from the ground up, if there were larger considerations, such as households being together because of the journey or because of poverty.The practice of the Lord's Supper in the New Testament also had this aspect of "localization" This might be seen in the reference to the seating on the "green" grass of the multitudes in groups of fifty (Gospel of Mark) at the time of the multiplication of the loaves as the early church saw in these feeding miracles of Jesus portents of the Eucharist he would institute - and thus form the precise literary forms about these events found in the gospels. They saw their celebration of the "little passover" as a continuation of the miraculous way that the Lord supplied His people. This localizing factor may well have influenced the New Testament role of the deacon - someone "in touch' with the local people of the community, well aware of their needs, who would serve them, freeing the Apostles for the serving of the Word and Prayer.

*After the meal the third cup is filled, and the Hallel (Praise)is sung beginning with the words "Not unto us, Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy Name give glory, for Thy lovingkindness" (Today, other portions are sung including the Aramaic [[Had Gadya]]). After the Lord's Supper, Jesus and the disciples sang a hymn, and went out.

Note: The Gospel uses the word "Artos" in Greek and "Lahma" in Aramaic meaning "bread" (and so the Apostle Paul) rather than the words for unleavened bread. But this may be a "modernization" to the later non Jewish believers and after the Christian "little passover" was more removed from the strictly Jewish Passover observance. The Greek and Aramaic New Testament Gospels would then not be the original, though they are the earliest now in our possession. This has more force if the Jerusalem School of Gospel origins is right in their assertion of an original Mishnaic Hebrew written source (or, at least, an oral Hebrew one) upon which our present Greek texts depended [http://www.js.org/Methodology/index.htm].

==See Also==

*[[Haggadah]]
*[[Eucharist]]
*[[Had Gadya]]
*[[New Testament understanding through the Jewish perspective]]
*[[Christmas in the Holy Land: an essay]]
*[[Jesus Christ]]
*[[The Passover Last Supper Conflation: An Essay]]

[[Category:Jewish History]]

American History Homework Ten Answers - Student Two

2012-04-27T19:12:46Z

Caesare:

Hank Johnson

2012-04-27T19:12:44Z

Caesare:

Rep. '''Hank Johnson''', D-Ga. is a congressman from [[Georgia]].

{{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Hank}}
[[Category:Politicians]]
<div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
<font size="7">
$val = str_</font>
'''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>

<font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">

Leonard Bernstein

2012-04-27T19:12:43Z

Caesare: