Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Bagatelle

2016-12-08T01:37:28Z

CodyMitchell: Pronunciation

A '''bagatelle''' (bæɡəˈtel<ref>Oxford Learners Dictionary http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/bagatelle?q=bagatelle</ref>) is a short, light, seemingly inconsequential piece of music. The term in both [[France|French]] and [[Germany|German]] means ''“trifle”'' and first appeared musically in relation to [[Francois Couperin]] in the late seventeenth/early eighteenth centuries.

[[Beethoven]] wrote three sets of bagatelles - from one of them comes one of the most recognisable pieces of classical music: ''“Fur Elise”''. (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_mVW8tgGY_w) A young [[Camille Saint-Saens]] wrote a set. The Hungarian master, [[Béla Bartók]], in his own unique style, wrote 14 of them, like Saint-Saens, for piano. Turning to other forces, in England, [[William Walton]] wrote five bagatelles for solo guitar, a work once neglected but now gaining in popularity with an increasing number of recordings - and even a concertante arrangement – and [[Gerald Finzi]]’s set of six for [[clarinet]] and [[piano]] - later arranged with string orchestra - gives the form a comfortable pastoral feel.

One of the most popular [[chamber music|chamber]] works of all time is [[Antonin Dvorak]]’s Bagatelles (op.47) for [[harmonium]], 2 [[violin]]s and [[cello]]; simple, charming and cheerful music that is a fine example of what can be called “household music” – pieces written for a particular group of friends or family using the instruments available to them.

Reference: Best of the public.

[[Category:Musicla Forms]]

First Peloponnesian War

2016-06-29T06:44:43Z

CodyMitchell: Added reference

The '''First Peloponnesian War''' (460–445 BC) was fought between [[Sparta]] as the leaders of the [[Peloponnesian League]] and Sparta's other allies, most notably [[Thebes, Greece|Thebes]], and the [[Delian League]] led by [[Athens]] with support from [[Argos]]. This war consisted of a series of conflicts and minor wars, such as the [[Second Sacred War]]. There were several causes for the war including the building of the Athenian long walls, Megara's defection and the envy and concern felt by Sparta at the growth of the Athenian Empire.

The war began in 460 BC ([[Battle of Oenoe]]).<ref>Pausanias, ., & Frazer, J. G. (1898). Pausanias's Description of Greece. London: Macmillan. [http://books.google.com/books?id=VqcNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA138 Page 138]</ref><ref>E. D. Francis and Michael Vickers, [http://www.jstor.org/pss/30102822 Oenoe Painting in the Stoa Poikile, and Herodotus' Account of Marathon]. The Annual of the British School at Athens Vol. 80, (1985), pp. 99-113</ref><ref>In 460 BC, Argos rises against Sparta. Athens supports Argos and Thessaly. The small force that is sent by Sparta to quell the uprising in Argos is defeated by a joint Athenian and Argos force at Oenoe.</ref><ref>Thucydides, ., & In Jowett, B. (1900). Thucydides. Oxford: Clarendon Press. [http://books.google.com/books?id=Mp9fAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA107 Pg 107 - 109]</ref> At first the Athenians had the better of the fighting, winning the naval engagements using their superior fleet. They also had the better of the fighting on land, until 457 BC when the Spartans and their allies defeated the Athenian army at [[Battle of Tanagra (457 BC)|Tanagra]]. The Athenians, however, counterattacked and scored a crushing victory over the [[Boeotia]]ns at the [[Battle of Oenophyta]] and followed this victory up by conquering all of Boeotia except for Thebes.

Athens further consolidated their position by making [[Aegina]] a member of the Delian League and by ravaging the Peloponnese. The Athenians were defeated in 454 BC by the [[Persian Empire|Persians]] in Egypt which caused them to enter into a five years' truce with Sparta. However, the war flared up again in 448 BC with the start of the Second Sacred War. In 446 BC, Boeotia revolted and defeated the Athenians at [[Battle of Coronea (447 BC)|Coronea]] and regained their independence.

The First Peloponnesian War ended in an arrangement between Sparta and Athens, which was ratified by the [[Thirty Years' Peace]] (winter of 446–445 BC). According to the provisions of this peace treaty, both sides maintained the main parts of their empires. Athens continued its domination of the sea while Sparta dominated the land. Megara returned to the Peloponnesian League and Aegina becoming a tribute paying but autonomous member of the Delian League. The war between the two leagues restarted in 431 BC and in 404 BC, Athens was occupied by Sparta.

<ref name="History's Page">[http://historyspage.wix.com/home#!Sparta-and-Athens-Their-Confusing-Relationship-Explained/c18ur/577365980cf2f8d6d10f36bf]History's Page</ref>

Attica

2016-06-29T06:37:35Z

CodyMitchell: Added

Attica is a historic region that encompasses the city of Athens, capital of [[Greece]]. The historic region was centered on the Attic peninsula. The modern region of Attica is more extensive than the historic region and now includes Cythera, the [[Saronic Islands]], and the municipality of Troizinia on the Peloponnesian mainland. The history of Attica was linked tightly with that of Athens, which was one of the most influential cities in the ancient world.

Greek: Αττική, Attikḗ or Attikī́; Ancient Greek: [atːikɛ̌ː] or Modern: [atiˈci]
<ref name="History's Page">[http://historyspage.wix.com/home#!Sparta-and-Athens-Their-Confusing-Relationship-Explained/c18ur/577365980cf2f8d6d10f36bf]History's Page</ref>

Laconia

2016-06-29T01:54:56Z

CodyMitchell: Clarification in wording paragraph 2

'''Laconia''' (also known as '''Lacedaemonia''') is a southeastern region in [[Greece]]. It is located on the Peloponnesian peninsula. The word ''laconic'' originated in this region (meaning 'to speak in a concise way').

The capital city of [[Laconia]] is [[Sparta]] (Population ~18,000<ref name="Modern Sparta Website">[http://sparta.net]''Modern Sparta'' Website</ref>). Laconia's population as of 2011 was 89,138.

<ref name="Laconia">Sarah B. Pomeroy, Stanley M. Burstein and Walter Donlan (1998) Ancient Greece: A Political, Social, and Cultural History, 512 pages, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-509742-4</ref>

Lacedaemonia

2016-06-29T01:52:49Z

CodyMitchell: Corrected redirect

#REDIRECT [[Laconia]]

Lacedaemonia

2016-06-29T01:52:11Z

CodyMitchell: Redirect page

#REDIRECT [[The History of the Peloponnesian War]]

Laconia

2016-06-29T01:50:43Z

CodyMitchell: Adding information on Laconia region of Greece

'''Laconia''' (also known as '''Lacedaemonia''') is a southeastern region in [[Greece]]. It is located on the Peloponnesian peninsula. The word ''laconic'' originated in this region (meaning 'to speak in a concise way').

The capital city of [[Laconia]] is [[Sparta]] (Population ~18,000<ref name="Modern Sparta Website">[http://sparta.net]''Modern Sparta'' Website</ref>). It's population as of 2011 was 89,138.

<ref name="Laconia">Sarah B. Pomeroy, Stanley M. Burstein and Walter Donlan (1998) Ancient Greece: A Political, Social, and Cultural History, 512 pages, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-509742-4</ref>

First Peloponnesian War

2016-06-28T01:12:45Z

CodyMitchell: I am changing this from a redirect page (in error) to a page on the First Pelopennesian War

First Peloponnesian War

2016-06-28T01:06:06Z

CodyMitchell: Redirect to Peloponnesian War

#REDIRECT [[Peloponnesian War]]