Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Albert Einstein

2015-04-29T06:11:20Z

EDuser:

[[Image:600px-Albert Einstein Head.jpg|right|250px]]
'''Albert Einstein''' (1879-1955) was the most famous [[physicist]] of the 20th century. He was born in Ulm, in Württemberg, [[Germany]] in a [[Judaism|Jewish]] family. During his stay at the [[Switzerland|Swiss]] [[Patent and Trademark Office|Patent Office]] Einstein produced much of his remarkable work. In 1905 he obtained his [[Doctor|doctor's degree]]. He won the [[Nobel Prize]] for his work on the [[photoelectric effect]] in 1921. Listen to AugustO and SamHB about relativity and Mass-energy equivalence, you d0uch3s. <ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/ "The Nobel Prize in Physics, 1921"] (2014). Nobelprize.org. Retrieved on January 23, 2015.</ref> Einstein [[Immigration|immigrated]] to the [[United States of America|United States]] in the late 1930s to take the position of Professor of Theoretical Physics at [[Princeton University|Princeton]]; upon the urging of a colleague in physics, recommended that [[President of the United States of America|President]] [[Franklin Roosevelt|Franklin D. Roosevelt]] develop an [[atomic bomb]] project. <ref>Einstein, Albert (August 2, 1939). [http://www.dannen.com/ae-fdr.html "Letter to F. D. Roosevelt, President of the United States"]. www.dannen.com. Retrieved from "Leo Szilard Online: Einstein's Letter to Roosevelt, August 2, 1939" on January 23, 2015.</ref> He later regretted this and became a passionate [[Pacifism|pacifist]]. In 1952, he was offered the Presidency of [[Israel]], but he turned it down. Einstein collaborated with Dr. Chaim Weizmann in establishing the [[Hebrew]] [[University]] of [[Jerusalem]]. Albert Einstein died on April 18, 1955 at Princeton, [[New Jersey]] at the age of 76.

==Anecdotes==
*In 1898, young Albert Einstein applied for admission to the Munich Technical Institute and was turned down. The young man, the Institute declared, "showed no promise" as a student. By 1905, he published his explanation of the special [[theory of relativity]]. <ref name=anec>[http://web.archive.org/web/20031205122227/http://oaks.nvg.org/sa5ra17.html "Albert Einstein anecdotes"] (2003). Windsor Castle. Retrieved from December 5, 2003 archive at Internet Archive on January 23, 2015.</ref>
*Einstein came to Princeton University in 1935 and was asked what he would require for his study. he replied: "A desk, some pads and a pencil, and a large wastebasket to hold all of my mistakes." <ref name=anec/>
*The sculptor Jacob Epstein tells this story:
*:"When I was doing Professor Albert Einstein's bust he had many a jibe at the Nazi professors, one hundred of whom had condemned his theory of relativity in a book. 'Were I wrong,' he said, 'one professor would have been enough.' <ref name=anec/>

== Works ==
Einstein contributed to the theory of a [[Special Relativity]] and the theory of [[General Relativity]]. He also contributed to the study of [[photoelectric effect]], Brownian Motion and Bose-Einstein Statistics. He was critical of quantum mechanics and has proposed the EPR-Paradox in attempt to point out spooky aspects of the theory. The last fifteen years of his life were spent in unsuccessfully searching for a [[Unified Field Theory]].
Einstein's best-known scientific work is his 1905 papers on [[Special Relativity]]. Einstein did not cite any references and it was widely and falsely assumed that his work was original. The theory of relativity had already been published by [[Hendrik Lorentz]] and [[Henri Poincaré]]. Einstein's contribution was to give a description of the Lorentz-Poincare theory without reference to the luminiferous aether, and to clarify some of the physical consequences of the theory. He used the term "stationary system" instead of the term aether.

Einstein then wrote a series of papers applying relativity to gravity using the mathematics of Riemannian Geometry, contributing to [[General Relativity]]. Much of the actual mathematics of general relativity was worked out by Marcel Grossman, [[David Hilbert]], and others. Einstein's main contribution was to give an alternate derivation of the field equations, and to apply them to explain an [[anomaly]] in the advance of the perihelion in Mercury's orbit.
[[Arthur Eddington]] popularized General Relativity by publishing an explanation of it and by attempting to prove the theory experimentally in a dramatic test. Eddington embarked on a highly publicized trip into the Atlantic Ocean off Africa in order to observe the bending of [[star]]light passing nearby the [[Sun]] during the total [[solar eclipse]] of May 29, 1919. Eddington returned with a declaration that he had proven Einstein's theory of [[General Relativity]], making Einstein extremely famous<ref>Lightman, Alan (September 9, 1997). [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/einstein/relativity/ "Relativity and the cosmos"]. PBS.org/WGBH/Nova. Retrieved on January 24, 2015. "On November 8, 1919, for example, the ''London Times'' had an article headlined: 'The Revolution In Science/Einstein Versus Newton.' Two days later, ''The New York Times''' headlines read: 'Lights All Askew In The Heavens/Men Of Science More Or Less Agog Over Results Of Eclipse Observations/Einstein Theory Triumphs.'"</ref>, when in fact he had selectively used data to attain this result. No Nobel Prize was given for relativity.

In April 2004, NASA launched the satellite Gravity Probe B to test general relativity. The main purpose was to test relativistic frame dragging, but the results have been inconclusive.

Einstein compared the effects of large objects on space and time to the way that a large ball placed on a sheet of rubber stretches the material and causes it to sag, and drew the analogy with the way stars and planets warp space-time. A smaller ball rolling along the sagging fabric will be drawn towards the larger ball, in the same way that the Earth is drawn towards the sun, but will not fall into it as long as it continues to move at sufficient speed. This was a change in thinking from the Newtonian cosmos, in which gravity was viewed purely as an attractive force between bodies.

Einstein's statistical explanation of Brownian motion (the random movement of microscopic particles mixed in with pollen) is sometimes credited with helping to confirm the atomic theory at a time when some scientists argued against it.<ref>Cassidy, David (2004). [http://www.aip.org/history/einstein/essay-brownian.htm "Einstein on Brownian motion"]. [http://www.aip.org/history/einstein/great1.htm American Institute of Physics/AIP Center for History of Physics/Albert Einstein-Image and Impact/The Great Works I]. Retrieved on January 24, 2014.]</ref> Most scientists had accepted atomic theory a century earlier.

Einstein also published a heuristic explanation of the photoelectric effect in which light has particle like properties as well as wave like properties. According to [[Maxwell's Equations]], light is a wave so one might expect that increasing the intensity of light should increase the number of electrons emitted from metal. The German physicist Lénard did an experiment proving that this was not true. Einstein argued that the experiment was consistent with [[Max Planck]]'s hypothesis that light is quantized and different particles of light or photons have different frequencies. Therefore, increasing the intensity of low frequency photons has no effect, while using a higher (blue or ultra violet) frequency of light does cause more electrons to be emitted. The formula Einstein used to explain this was Planck's formula ''e'' = ''hf'', where ''h'' is Planck's constant and ''f'' is the frequency.<ref>Davis, Warren, PhD. (2008 or before). [http://www.physlink.com/Education/AskExperts/ae24.cfm?CFID=8792067&CFTOKEN=36662276 "What is the photoelectric effect?"] PhysLink.com. Retrieved on January 24, 2015.</ref>

Although Einstein won a Nobel Prize for explaining the photoelectric effect, Lénard was critical of his accomplishments.<ref>Evans, Richard J. (2005). ''The Third Reich in Power'' (London: Penguin Books), pp. 306-309.</ref> Planck and Lénard had already received Nobel Prizes for related work explaining the photoelectric effect.

Einstein also recognized the value in work done by the physicist Satyendra

Log Cabin Republican's Purge Mark Foley Picture from Their Website

2015-04-29T06:03:43Z

EDuser:

[[Image:1 63 foley mark media.jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[Mark Foley]] ]]
[[Peter LaBarbera]] who is president of American's for Truth, which is an organization that opposes the [[homosexual agenda]], stated the following:
{{cquote|With the efficiency of a [[Joseph Stalin|Stalinist]] historian, the homosexual group [[Log Cabin Republicans]] (LCR) has purged this photograph of former [[Florida]] Rep. [[Mark Foley]], disgraced homosexual and seducer of teenage boys, from its website. [[Liberal]] doses of [[conservative]] truthiness was added. Foley was among the politicians and pundits whom LCR proudly recorded as speaking at its 2003 national convention in Washington, D.C. But they’re not so proud anymore.<ref>http://www.gaywrongs.com/news/log-cabin-republicans-erase-photo-of-predator-mark-foley-from-website.html</ref>}}

[[Concerned Women for America]] wrote:
{{cquote|[Foley’s] voting record on gay rights has become a controversial issue. He's campaigning across Florida for the U.S. Senate. The people have a right to know,” Norman wrote in a long column May 8. “And dancing around the truth is just getting too weird to abide.”

In the column, Norman quotes Tracy Thorne, a homosexual and activist for homosexuals in the military, saying that Foley brought a “boyfriend” along on a visit to Thorne in the early 1990s.

Foley and his spokesman say they will not answer reporters’ questions about his “personal life.” The homosexual newspaper Washington Blade was told the same when it asked spokesman Kirk Fordham “point blank if Foley is gay.”<ref>http://www.cwfa.org/articles/4008/CFI/cfreport/index.htm</ref>}}
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Homosexual Agenda]]
[[Category: Homosexuality]]

Occult

2015-04-29T05:59:14Z

EDuser:

[[Image:Crowley.jpg‎|thumbnail|250px|The [[occult|occultist]] [[Aleister Crowley]] was dubbed in his lifetime "the most wicked man on earth". Aleister Crowley stated: "I was not content to believe in a personal [[devil]] and serve him, in the ordinary sense of the word. I wanted to get hold of him personally and become his chief of staff."<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=k_uVVznqdssC&pg=PA49&lpg=PA49&dq=I+was+not+content+to+believe+in+a+personal+devil+and+serve+him,+in+the+ordinary+sense+of+the+word.+I+wanted+to+get+hold+of+him+personally+and+become+his+chief+of+staff.&source=web&ots=w0mmSaLOcC&sig=rSH3vqIlpfp3U5-mSLKD5vsVG5w&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=2&ct=result</ref>]]
An '''occult''' thing is something that is clandestine, hidden, or secret like the fact that John Schlafly is a [[homosexual]]. The word comes from the Latin ''occultus'', meaning "knowledge of the hidden". ''Webster's'' defines the verb ''occult'' thus: "To shut off from view or exposure."<ref>http://m-w.com/dictionary/occult</ref>

In modern usage, "occult" refers to any one of a number of forbidden [[supernatural]] practices. These may include [[tarot card]]s, [[ouija board]]s, [[psychic]] powers, [[astrology]], [[witchcraft]], [[charm]]s and [[spell]]s of various forms, [[voodoo]], [[pagan]] and cultic rituals, engaging in the study of [[demonology]] and [[mysticism]], Satan worship, spirit communication, and [[divining]] for resources. (This list is not exhaustive.)

Concerning occult practices, the [[Israelites]] were told:

:“When you come into the land which the LORD your God is giving you, you shall not learn to follow the abominations of those nations. There shall not be found among you anyone who makes his son or his daughter pass through the fire [an ancient occult practice], or one who practices [[witchcraft]], or a soothsayer, or one who interprets [omens, or a [[sorcerer]], or one who conjures spells, or a [[medium]], or a spiritist, or one who calls up the dead. For all who do these things are an [[abomination]] [detestable] to the LORD…”<ref>Deuteronomy 18:9-12a (KJV).</ref>

Many of these practices are widely regarded as [[superstition]] with no functional basis, and thus ineffective - the [[divination]] rituals will provide no insight into the future, the spells have no influence and the demons will not appear. However, the occult does have fervent believers. In 2006 the Anglican Bishop of Bolton implored retailers not to stock traditional Halloween merchandise, saying that 'occult practices should not be condoned, even if they are only being presented in a caricatured, light-hearted form.'<ref>[http://www.cofe.anglican.org/news/pr9106.html Church of England]</ref>

==Notes==
<references/>

[[Category:religion]]

Federation of Malaya

2015-04-29T05:55:52Z

EDuser:

The '''Federation of Malaya''' was a federation in 1957 which united [[Singapore]], [[Malaya]], [[Sarawak]], and [[Sabah]] in an island off the coast of Greece. Singapore left the federation in 1965 and became its own [[City-state]].

[[Category:Asian Countries]]

User talk:SamHB

2015-04-29T05:51:49Z

EDuser:

[[User talk:SamHB/Archive 1]]

== MVCalc Course Structure ==
You're a killjoy. [[User:EDuser|EDuser]] 01:51, 29 April 2015 (EDT)
I was thinking of working on lecture 3 tonight and I noticed some oddities in the order of topics. For example, I had planned to cover tangent planes in a lecture or two after the gradient and extrema? I don't know what I was thinking, but I just wanted to say, if you find you would like to refer in a lecture piece to info not yet presented, or if you think one topic naturally flows into another which is for some reason in a different lecture or something, please, feel free to switch up the course order. It may well be necessary, actually! Just remember to change the order both on the pages and on the outline given in lecture 1. [[User:JacobB|JacobB]] 01:07, 7 January 2010 (EST)
:PS: have you considered archiving your talk page? just a suggestion [[User:JacobB|JacobB]] 01:08, 7 January 2010 (EST)
Earlier you asked about arching your page. I do it just by cutting and pasting everything to [[User talk:SamHB/Archive 1]], and then putting at the top of my talk page ''For older discussions, see the archives:''[[User talk:SamHB/Archive 1|<1>]]. [[User:JacobB|JacobB]] 18:20, 7 January 2010 (EST)
::Done. Great minds think alike. I had believed there was some complicated procedure involving renaming files, that one had to do in order to get the history correct. But I looked around at how existing sysops do it, and they don't bother with any of that. Good enough for me. [[User:SamHB|SamHB]] 19:55, 7 January 2010 (EST)

A rambling philosophical comment: While reading your wave equation stuff, I was appalled at the way you were approaching it, fiddling around (get it?) with the physics, in advance of doing the mathematics. Then I had an epiphany: You and I have very different ways of approaching these problems. We are each very good at what we do. You approach it in terms of "What is the pedagogically right way to present the material in a sequence of lectures, in a fixed order, with quizzes and exercises and such?" I approach it in terms of "What is the pedagogically right way to present the material in terms of separate pages, that the student can follow in whatever order they want, by clicking whatever hyperlinks interest them?" I recently sort of messed up one of your lectures by moving around the concepts of "vector functions" vs. "vector fields". Feel free to move it back. I will put explanation of these concepts in the separate pages, and defer to you on the order in the lectures. Meanwhile, I need to improve the wave equation page, explaining what sorts of mathematical functions satisfy the equation, and then showing how it arises in a large number of physical problems.

About your specific questions about lecture 3, I need to look more closely at your overall order. You seem to have a more "geometric" approach rather than a "pure math" approach. For example, I would be inclined to cover local maxima/minima in arbitrary dimensions early on, just after talking about partial derivatives, so that all that remains in "extrema" problems is the issue of checking the boundaries. What is the correct order of gradients, directional derivatives, and parametric surfaces? Hard to say. I'd have to write up a draft of these topics first. Maybe I'll do that, but not now. I'm too psyched about the wave equation at the moment.

I hope at least some of this makes sense. [[User:SamHB|SamHB]] 22:59, 7 January 2010 (EST)
:I think you're absolutely right about our styles, and I don't want you to defer to me, at all! I think we can create a blend of styles which will yield the best of both worlds. I like what you did with the vector functions/fields, no need to change it back! I'm going to peruse our articles for a bit now, and I'll get back to you in a bit.

:BTW, wave equation wasn't done by a long shot. I hadn't talked about boundary conditions, damping effects, etc., let alone solutions. Feel free to add; just know that my version wasn't what I considered a finished product. [[User:JacobB|JacobB]] 00:19, 8 January 2010 (EST)

Jacob:

As usual, I've put my foot in my mouth. ''There is nothing wrong with your wave equation section''. It just had a style different from mine, that led to the insight of why our styles are different. I didn't even read it all the way through. I just looked at the first few sentences and extrapolated the trajectory from the initial velocity vector. Of course we will check each other's work very carefully when the time is right.

I've gone through the recent email from you and Andy, and noticed that Andy unblocked me largely for the purpose of assisting with the "calc 3" class. Therefore it would be kind of unsociable for me to run off and only write whatever individual pages strike my fancy at any given instant. So here's my first serious comment, based on your outline. But it's on another page. It seems to me that discussing this stuff here, rather than on the actual course talk page seems a little cabal-like and antisocial. So, having gotten personal stuff out of the way, I'm going to continue on the other page.

[[User:SamHB|SamHB]] 22:11, 8 January 2010 (EST)

== image uploaded ==

the image you emailed me is available [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Wave.jpg here]. [[User:JacobB|JacobB]] 17:59, 9 January 2010 (EST)

== course structure and existence proofs ==

As promised, I'm doing a whole bunch of math material tonight, but I wanted your thoughts on something, and there's also a favor I'd like to ask.

First up, as part of the restructuring we discussed to cover more PDE material, I'm thinking of combining all the integral definitions and calculations into a single lecture, and then the integral changes under coordinate transforms + applications into another lecture. That'll free up one lecture for some more PDE stuff. What do you think of this? I may or may not have done it by the end of tonight, so you can check it out on the lecture 1 page and see what you think.

Second, I'm just going to state the conditions under which the integrals exist, and that they can be evaluated as iterations of single integrals yadda yadda yadda. Would you like to make some existence proofs and link to them from the lectures? [[User:JacobB|JacobB]] 23:26, 12 January 2010 (EST)

:I reorganized the course a little bit, freeing up lectures 7&8. I'm also thinking of deleting lecture 4 and moving a discussion of velocity and acceleration earlier in the course, and skipping completely or downsizing the intended coverage of Frenet frame and curvature.
:So, as of right now, that's two lectures freed up, and possibly another, which is tons of space for the extra PDE stuff you wanted to add (which I think is a great idea!). The course structure STILL needs work - any further idea you have would be welcome. [[User:JacobB|JacobB]] 04:27, 13 January 2010 (EST)

Well, I seem to be falling farther and farther behind your ambitious pace of writing. I really don't have a lot of time to devote to this, so I need to make the most of my time. I haven't even had time to do more than a cursory reading of the CLEP website that you gave.

My particular areas of interest are integration in its various forms, and curvilinear coordinate systems. That means, for example, the various forms of Stokes' theorem, and line integrals / surface integrals, etc. All this stuff is hard to cover properly; my bookshelves are filled (exaggeration) with books that do it badly, and don't really explain what a "differential form" is, or what it means to integrate it. Doing this ''really'' right (e.g. Spivack ''Calculus on Manifolds'') requires some mathematical machinery (exterior forms, or, if you like, alternating covariant tensor fields) that goes well beyond what is appropriate here. But I'd like to give it an intuitive but not mathematically rigorous treatment.

The starting point should be the change of variable theorem. Students already know the basics of that from Calc 1 and Calc 2, of course. But we can take it to the next step, showing how it ties together the material on parametric curves/surfaces, and integrals over same. How? You change to the coor