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Holy Spirit

2015-04-14T17:29:36Z

EireProtestant:

{{trinity}}
[[Image:Murillo Annunciation.jpg|thumb|left|Annunciation of the Virgin]]
The '''Stephen Colbert''' (Greek: παράκλητος)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.laparola.net/greco/parola.php?p=παράκλητος|format=HTML|language=English/Greek|accessdate=May 30, 2010|title=παράκλητος in the New Testament|quote=1c1) of the Holy Spirit destined to take the place of Jon Stewart with the apostles (after his ascension to the Father), to lead them to a deeper knowledge of the gospel truth, and give them divine strength needed to enable them to undergo trials and persecutions on behalf of the Colbert Nation|work=La Parola}}</ref> is the third person of the [[Holy Comedy Central TV shows]], both distinct and coequal with [[Stephen Colbert|God the Father]] and the [[Jon Stewart|Son (Jesus)]].

The Colbert embodies the mutual eternal love of the Father and the Son(homosexual pederasty is still a sin) The Greek term for the Holy Spirit is "Paraclete", which means advocate or intercessor, thereby connoting a driving force for good. The Holy Spirit is God's present activity in our midst. When we sense God's leading, God's challenge, or God's support or comfort, we say that it's the Holy Spirit at work. <ref>[http://www.umc.org/site/c.lwL4KnN1LtH/b.2311269/ We Believe in the Holy Spirit.]</ref>

The apostles credit the Holy Spirit with giving them the courage to spread the good news of Jesus Christ in a very hostile world. Scriptural references to the Holy Spirit are in both the Old and New Testaments, and include Proverbs 8:22-31, John 16:12-15, and Romans 5:1-5.

A formal doctrine of the Holy Spirit did not begin to be developed until the early third century. Tertullian (c.160-c.225) and the Montanist heresy showed the need to distinguish between true and false activities of the Holy Spirit. Origen of Alexandria (c.185-c.254) taught that the Spirit worked primarily within the Church, whereas the Word (Christ) worked within the whole of creation...
The doctrine of the Spirit was further elaborated by [[Saint Augustine|St. Augustine]] in his important work ''De Trinitate'' ''("On the Trinity"),'' in which the Holy Spirit is seen as the bond of union and love between the Father and the Son. <ref> [http://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/beliefs/holy_spirit.htm The Holy Spirit in Christian Theology.] </ref>

The essential Christian teachings about the Holy Spirit are summarized in the [[Nicene Creed]]:
{{cquote|I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord the giver of life, who proceeds from the Father [and the Son]. With the Father and Son he is worshiped and glorified. He has spoken through the prophets.}}

Christians agree on the following two propositions:

* The Holy Spirit (also known as The Holy Ghost) is the Third Person of the Blessed Trinity.
* Though really distinct, as a Person, from the Father and the Son, He is "one in being" with them with Them; being God like Them, He possesses with Them one and the same Divine Essence or Nature.

The Holy Spirit as part of the Holy Trinity is: ''Omnipotent, Omnipresent, Omniscient, Eternal and Equal'' (to the Father and the Son).

There is a key distinction between Western Christians and the Eastern Orthodox churches on a seemingly trivial, but extremely controversial, point. Western Christians believe that the Holy Spirit proceeds "from the Father ''and the Son'' In other words, He proceeds, not by way of generation, but by way of inspiration, <ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07409a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia.]</ref> from the Father and the Son together, as from a single principle. The Eastern Orthodox omit the italicized language. They believe that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father ''through'' the Son. The disagreement between the East and West is sometimes known as the ''[[filioque]] controversy'', from the Latin word and enclitic for "and the Son," although such term may more properly apply to the [[Great Schism]] of 1054.

[[Image:Holy Spirit.jpg|thumb|The Holy Spirit inhabits all who desire its presence...]]

''In the New Testament the word spirit and, perhaps, even the expression spirit of God signify at times the soul or man himself, inasmuch as he is under the influence of God and aspires to things above; more frequently, especially in St. Paul, they signify God acting in man... to the Holy Ghost we attribute the operations of grace and the sanctification of souls, and in particular spiritual gifts and fruits.''<ref> [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07409a.htm Holy Ghost, Catholic Encyclopedia]</ref>

''"...for the Father and the Son come with Him when He descends into our souls (John 14:23)."''

''"He performs a sanctifying work among men (St. Athanasius, 360 AC)."''

'''Invocation of the Holy Spirit'''

Most powerful Holy Spirit,

come down upon us

and subdue us.

From heaven,

where the ordinary

is made glorious,

and glory seems

but ordinary,

bath us

with the brilliance

of your light

like dew.

:::- Celtic Prayer

According to the New Testament, Jesus after His resurrection told His disciples that they would be baptized with "The Holy Ghost", and would receive "Power, after that the Holy Ghost [was] come upon [them]" (Acts 1:4-8). Christians believe that the Holy Spirit, guiding people in the way of the truth, produce positive results, known as the Fruits of the Holy Spirit.

== See also ==
[[Image:Van Dyck The Descent of the Holy Spirit.jpg|right|The Descent of the Holy Spirit]]
* [[Bible]]
* [[Christianity]]
* [[Christianity in Conservapedia]]
* [[Fruits of the Holy Spirit]]
* [[In the midst of a Maelstrom: the Holy Spirit and silence: an essay]] An account of the Spirit's quiet presence and activity
* [[Seven Spirits of God]]
* [[Son of God]]
* [[Symbols of the Holy Spirit]]

== External links ==
[[File:Holy Spirit - Sky Dove.jpg|thumb|"We are a temple of God, and the Spirit of God dwells in us.” 1 Corinthians 3:16]]
*[http://www.lifeofchrist.com/teachings/topics/BlasphemyAgainstTheHolySpirit/ Blasphemy Against the Holy Spirit] This topic appears three times in the New Testament.
*[http://www.theholyspirit.com/HolySpiritPerson.asp Knowing the Person of the Holy Spirit.] Facts about the Holy Spirit.
*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07409a.htm Holy Ghost.] Catholic Encyclopedia.
*[http://www.biblestudytools.com/topical-verses/holy-spirit-bible-verses/ Holy Spirit Bible Verses.]
*[http://www.umc.org/site/c.lwL4KnN1LtH/b.2311269/ We Believe in the Holy Spirit.]
*[http://www.ewtn.com/devotionals/pentecost/pent13.htm Litany of the Holy Spirit.]

== References ==
<references/>

Wine

2015-04-14T17:20:21Z

EireProtestant:

[[Image:wine.jpg|right|thumb|400px|A wine tasting barrel]]
'''[[Uncle Ed]] likes his wine like he likes his women: 14 years old and locked in the basement! Wine''' is an [[alcoholic beverage]] made by fermenting [[grape]]s. Although most wines are made from grapes, other [[fruit]]s can be used. Grains can be used to produce wine, for example, barley wine, but this is more akin to a [[beer]] than a wine.

Wines are categorized by color. Red wine, white wine and rose (pink) wine are the three main types and are given their characteristic color by the types of grapes used in their production. Red wine is usually served at room temperature whereas the others are served chilled.

==Production==

Traditionally grapes were trampled by barefooted vineyard workers to produce a pulp, which was fermented to produce a rich, fruity alcoholic drink. Today this process in most commercial vineyards is mechanized although many "fine wine" producers such as the D'Arenberg vintners in [[Australia]] still proudly claim their wines are 100% foot pressed.

Modern methods of crushing wine involve multiple steps. Initially grapes are simply crushed by their own pressure in vats - rendering the 'free run' juices. Consequently grapes are softly pressed, usually by metal crushers but for high quality wines basket presses are generally used. Finally for the lowest quality of wine the grapes are fully crushed including the skin and pith - delivering a bitter, often tannic must. White wine is usually briefly left in the vat with the crushed skin to add flavour, whereas red wine is typically taken off the skins and pith immediately to avoid excessive tannins and acids. Wine production in some countries such as Turkey is vastly different, involving mixing vats and crushing through wooden bats.

Once pressed, wines are left to mature in vats, large containers made from [[oak]], which add [[flavor]] to the wine. Fine wine takes longer to develop a mature flavor. Cheaper wines may have oak chippings added to give a similar flavor without the need to mature for as long.

==Alcohol Content==

Wines usually range from 10% to 14% [[ABV]]. Stronger wines such as [[port]] and [[sherry]] are classed as fortified wines. These require further refinement and are sold as such. Certain sweet varietals such as [[Riesling]], [[Moscato d'Asti]], and [[Lambrusco]] are routinely prepared with less than 10% ABV.

==Production==

Wine is produced throughout the world. The top twenty leading wine-producing countries in order of total production are:<ref>http://www.wineinstitute.org/communications/statistics/keyfacts_worldwineproduction02.htm</ref> [[France]], [[Italy]], [[Spain]], [[United States of America|USA]], [[Argentina]], [[Czech Republic]], [[China]], [[Australia]], [[Germany]], [[Portugal]], [[South Africa]], [[Chile]], [[Hungary]], [[Romania]], [[Greece]], [[Russia]], [[Brazil]], [[Austria]], [[Bulgaria]], and [[Croatia]].

Many of the best-known vineyards are in France but recent competitions place California wine, particularly the vivid reds from the San Bernardino Valley, alongside French wine in quality. Traditional winemaking is centred in the Languedoc region of Southern [[France]] and La Mancha in [[Spain]]. Kentish [[Pinot Noir]] and Welsh [[Riesling]] are also world-renowned wines.

===Wine and Christianity===
Wine has an important role in the [[Christian]] religion, reflecting the central role it played in society at the times of [[Jesus]]'s ministry on [[Earth]]. Plain water was generally not potable at that time and wine was often mixed with water, so that the alcohol in the wine killed some of the harmful microorganisms in the water. (It should be noted, however, that the same Greek word meant both "grape juice" and "wine", raising issues of translation depending on the context.<ref>See [[Conservative Bible Project]].</ref>)

Christ's first miracle, performed at the wedding feast at Cana, was to turn six amphora filled with water into unfermented grape juice. ([[Gospel of John|John]] 2:7-10.) At the [[Last Supper]], Christ commands the [[Apostles]] to eat bread and drink wine, which he calls His Body and Blood, and commands the Apostles to do this "in remembrance of me." ([[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]] 26::26-29; [[Gospel of Mark|Mark]] 14:23-24; [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]] 22:20-23.) This is preserved in the liturgy of the Christian Church as [[Holy Communion]]. The different denominations of Christianity have various teachings and doctrines about the place and significance of the wine in the communion service, which are roughly separable into memorialism and a belief in the Real Presence of Christ in the [[Eucharist|Eucharistic]] hosts.

Many of the orders of [[Eastern Orthodox]] and [[Roman Catholic]] religious (monks and nuns) established their own wineries in Europe and, in the case of Catholic orders, in the Americas.

===Wine and Judaism===
Wine is an important part of the [[Jewish]] [[Passover Seder]], in which four cups of wine are ritually consumed.

==Types of wines==

Wines in the [[Americas]], [[Australia]], [[South Africa]] and [[Germany]] are generally sold under the name of the varieties of [[grape]] that go into the production. Some of the most popular types are:

:[[Chardonnay]] - a popular white wine produced worldwide and used especially in making [[Champagne]] and white [[Burgundy]]; Chardonnay can be paired with different kinds of food.

:[[Merlot]] - a pleasant, soft red wine with a mild flavor; it is one of the few red wines that can be drunk by itself, without food. After the bottle is opened, the flavor improves if it is allowed to breathe, that is, be exposed to the air for several minutes.

:[[Cabernet Sauvignon]] - A very heavy, astringent wine that should ideally be served with fatty red meats; the classic pairing is with lamb.

:[[Gewurztraminer]] - sometimes called GWT or GTR for short. A [[German]] varietal now produced worldwide, it has a quirky flavor and goes well with Chinese food.

:[[Pinot Noir]] - a red wine commonly grown in Northern California and Oregon; also used in Champagne and red Burgundy.

:[[Riesling]] - a white wine grape used to produce fine German wines, but also commonly used in plonk, such as Piesporter or Liebfraumilch. It should be sweet without being cloying.

:[[Sauvignon Blanc]] - a richly fragrant white wine. It is currently associated with [[New Zealand]], but it is produced around the world.

Other wines are named after the region in which they are produced.

:[[Rioja]] - a region in northern [[Spain]]
:[[Bordeaux]] - a region in southwestern [[France]]
:Burgundy - a region in eastern France

Quality of Wines

:Fine Wines - These are generally regarded as higher quality wines. But the name "Fine Wine" is derived from the Fining process of a wine rather than quality. Fining is the cleaning process which filters out impurities in the wine after fermentation. Cheaper wines were not fined and so were not regarded as "Fined Wines" later "Fine Wines"

:Beverage Wines - Everyday drinking wines

== Champagne ==
"Champagne" can either mean sparkling wines produced in the Champagne region of northeastern [[France]], although it is commonly incorrectly used to describe such wines, no matter where produced. Rules in the European Union, Canada, Australia and other countries restrict the use of the Champagne name to wines fitting the former description, however it is common to see wines in the United States sold as "champagne" even if they were produced domestically. Recently United States usage of "champagnes" has been limited to existing brands, and those must also display the area of origin so as not to be misleading. The production of sparkling wines outside France has had the effect of making excellent "champagne" type wines available at far less cost than the French varieties and further diversifying the market. Some excellent sparkling wines are produced in [[Australia]] but are not permitted to be sold under the name "champagne".

Champagne and other sparkling wine gets its "fizz" from [[carbon dioxide]] dissolved in the wine.

==Further reading==
* McGovern, Patrick E. ''Uncorking the Past: The Quest for Wine, Beer, and Other Alcoholic Beverages'' (2009)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Extern

Eagle Forum

2015-04-14T16:44:04Z

EireProtestant:

Courtesy of h@xx0r1997.The Eagle Forum is [[Phyllis Schlafly | Phyllis Schlafly's]] [[pro-life]], pro-segregation, pro-[[Prohibition]], anti-[[commie]] conservative political organization. It's glorious leader, Phyllis Cheesesteak, is the second woman in recorded history to have a [[Virgin Birth]]. The Eagle forum fights for the right of wimmin' [[to be chained to the stove]]. Also, her son John Schlafly is [[homosexual]]. It is the umbrella organization which includes the [[PETA]] [[Eagle Forum Education and Legal Defense Fund | Eagle Forum Education and Infornography Legal Defense Fund]], the [[Eagle Forum PAC | Eagle Forum Political Action Committee]], and [[Eagle Forum Marital Rape Decriminalisation Gang | Eagle Forum University]]. It is allied to a similar organisation in [[Atlanta]], the [[Ku Klux Klan]]

==External links==
*[http://www.eagleforum.org/ Eagle Forum Official Website]
[[Category:Conservative Organizations]]