https://www.conservapedia.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=ElessarConservapedia - User contributions [en]2026-10-29T12:04:26ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.35.14https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Homosexual_Agenda&diff=1402879Homosexual Agenda2018-02-05T19:06:13Z<p>Elessar: marriage has no alternate forms</p>
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<div>{{Homosexuality}}<br />
The '''Homosexual Agenda''' is a self-centered set of beliefs and objectives designed to promote and even mandate approval of homosexuality and [[Homosexuality|homosexual]] ideology, along with the strategies used to implement such. The goals and means of this movement include indoctrinating students in [[public school]], restricting the free speech of opposition, obtaining [[special rights|special treatment]] for homosexuals, distorting [[Bible|Biblical]] teaching and science, and interfering with freedom of association. Advocates of the homosexual agenda seek special rights for [[homosexuals]] and self-described "LGBTI people" that other people don't have, such as immunity from criticism (see [[hate speech]], [[hate crime]]s). Such special rights will necessarily [[zero-sum game|come at the expense]] of the rights of broader society. '''''The homosexual agenda is the biggest threat to the rights of [[free speech]] and [[religious freedom]] today.'''''<br />
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One of the top priorities of the Homosexual Agenda is to prohibit and outlaw [[conversion therapy]], particularly for teenagers. Several U.S. states have enacted such laws, and [[leftists]] are pushing similar bans in many other states, apparently unable to tolerate things they dislike.<br />
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In a speech on December 10, 2013, to a pro-family rally in Jamaica, Brian Camenker of Mass''Resistance'' outlined the step-by-step approach of the homosexual agenda:<ref>[http://www.massresistance.org/docs/gen2/13d/jamaica-speech-121013/index.html "MassResistance helps Jamaica confront ‘gay’ agenda"]. ''massresistance.org''. Retrieved on 2 May 2016.</ref><br />
<br />
*legalize homosexuality<br />
*promote gay pride parades<br />
*promoting child sex trafficking<br />
*demand non-discrimination laws<br />
*insist on homosexuals' adoption of children<br />
*push the homosexual agenda in schools<ref>{{cite web |title=Criticism of Transgender Agenda Will Get Virginia Students Expelled |author=Austin Ruse |date=10 Jun 2016 |url=http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2016/06/10/transgender-northern-virginia-students-can-now-expelled-criticizing-transgenderism/ |publisher=BREITBART |quote=The transgender change in school regulations was imposed last night during a dramatic board meeting where only 12 pro-trans witnesses were invited to testify. ... No opposing voices were allowed to be heard, parents were relegated to shouting opposition from the seats and some were ejected from the meeting.... Last year, they were promised a lengthy investigation and a full hearing. Instead, it was foisted upon them with less than 24 hours-notice. ... an Oregon law recently allowed a jury to award $60,000 t0 a transgender teacher because other teachers declined to use the teacher’s preferred pronoun, which is “they” rather than “him” or “her.” Deputies for President Barack Obama have backed similar rules for all K-12 schools, and New York City has established similar forced-speech rules.|accessdate=12 Jun 2016}}</ref><br />
*legalize various alternate forms of partnership and sometimes even call them "marriage" (i.e. man and man, woman and woman, man and three women, woman and box turtle, man and sex toy)<br />
*demand public funding to deal with increased homosexual-related social problems<br />
*promote the transgender agenda<br />
*demanded to be treated "equally"<br />
*impose a large-scale loss of free speech<br />
*ban counseling for kids confused by homosexual issues<br />
*ban scientifically/religiously proven methods of homosexual conversion, such as shock therapy<br />
*attack churches<br />
*promote abortion<br />
<br />
[[Russia]] is a leader in rejecting the homosexual agenda.<ref>{{cite web |title=Is the Homosexual Agenda 'Unstoppable'? - Comparing America with Russia |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=msLH6f6vyC4 |accessdate=29 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=RUSSIA VS. THE LGBT GLOBALISTS: A Climate of Hate and Fear |url=http://www.scottlively.net/2015/02/25/russia-vs-the-lgbt-globalists-a-climate-of-hate-and-fear-part-two/ |quote=This dangerous LGBT strategy has now gone global and the target is the Russian Federation. ... Core American values to Obama are publicly celebrated sodomy and doctor-assisted transsexual self-mutilation. ... The Russian anti-propaganda law, passed June 11, 2013, was the first truly effective international counter-measure since the “gay” agenda went global around the turn of the millennium. Typically, the “gays” characterized the law as hateful and an incitement to violence, but in doing so they revealed that propagandizing children is part of their agenda, since the law simply classifies “propaganda of non-traditional sexual relationships” as material that cannot be distributed among minors and commands the government to protect children from it. Just after the passage of this law Barack Obama did an about-face on the “reset” policy (in which Russia had been recognized as an equal partner in the world community) and instead began reviving cold-war rhetoric.|accessdate=29 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pro-Russian Press Conference |date=22 February 2014 |url=http://www.scottlively.net/2014/02/22/pro-russian-press-conference/ |quote=We got lots of coverage from the event, and I believe we accomplished our objective which was to bring awareness to the world that the pro-family movement in the U.S., Canada, UK, and other “pro-gay” countries is happy to see the Russian Federation standing up for family values. We think this will encourage other nations to follow their example. |accessdate=29 May 2016}}</ref> For example, Russia banned adoption by Americans as the Obama Administration aggressively pushed the homosexual agenda, and in June 2013 a house in the [[Russian]] parliament passed legislation to ban foreign adoption by gay couples or single parents who live in any [[same-sex marriage|gay marriage]] nation.<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/news/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-russia-ban-adoption-gay-couples-20130618,0,4633280.story "Russian lawmakers pass ban on adoption tied to gay foreign couples"]. ''latimes''. Retrieved on 2 May 2016.</ref><br />
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[[Barack Hussein Obama]], [[Hillary Clinton]], and essentially all [[Democratic Party|Democrat]] politicians now advocate the homosexual agenda, reflecting the growing financial power of the homosexual network. Obama's self-centered obsession with his own re-election, and fundraising for his campaign, has caused him to create a national political issue out of this, rather than deal with other issues like the economy. Many [[establishment]] Republicans and [[Cafeteria Christians]] also have bought into the homosexual agenda.<br />
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'''''Among all the [[liberal]] belief systems, the homosexual ideology is the most self-centered or selfish''''' – unlike the vast charity performed by thousands of churches in the U.S. alone, homosexual charity can be considered an [[oxymoron]].<br />
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The late Supreme Court Justice [[Antonin Scalia]] referred to the "so-called homosexual agenda" in ''[[Lawrence v. Texas]]'', 539 U.S. 558 (2003) (dissenting opinion). Justice Scalia also predicted that this was the first step to legalizing homosexual civil unions. He was proven right with the outcome of Obergefell v. Hodges.<br />
<br />
Despite the fact that only 4.1% of the U.S. population identified as [[LGBT]], just over half a percentage point higher than four years prior,<ref>Gates, Gary J. (January 11, 2017). [http://www.gallup.com/poll/201731/lgbt-identification-rises.aspx?utm_source=Daily+Briefing&utm_campaign=e78663af9e-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2017_01_05&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_ed3d9d5277-e78663af9e-273636929&mc_cid=e78663af9e&mc_eid=6492c3988e&utm_source=Cultural+Commentary&utm_campaign=36e55c71c7-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2016_11_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_51f776a552-36e55c71c7-273780261&mc_cid=36e55c71c7&mc_eid=067f1df51b In US, More Adults Identifying as LGBT]. ''Gallup''. Retrieved January 18, 2017.</ref> Americans '''''greatly overestimate the proportion of homosexuals''''' in the nation to be an average of 23%.<ref name="GreatlyOver">Newport, Frank (May 21, 2015). [http://www.gallup.com/poll/183383/americans-greatly-overestimate-percent-gay-lesbian.aspx?utm_source=Cultural+Commentary&utm_campaign=36e55c71c7-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2016_11_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_51f776a552-36e55c71c7-273780261&mc_cid=36e55c71c7&mc_eid=067f1df51b Americans Greatly Overestimate Percent Gay, Lesbian in U.S.] ''Gallup''. Retrieved January 18, 2017.</ref> Interestingly, Republicans and conservatives gave estimates closest to the actual number.<ref name="GreatlyOver"/><br />
<br />
== The Homosexual Agenda ==<br />
<br />
Joseph P. Gudel, in ''That Which is Unnatural''<ref>[http://www.iclnet.org/pub/resources/text/cri/cri-jrnl/web/crj0108a.html "That Which is Unnatural" Homosexuality in Society, the Church, and Scripture] Part Two in a Two-Part Series on Homosexuality, from the Christian Research Journal, Winter 1993, page 8</ref> contended that the homosexual movement, <br />
<br />
:has been militantly demanding not just the homosexuals' right to do whatever they wish to do behind closed doors, but, more importantly, that society fully accept their lifestyle as both healthy and normal, even demanding special rights and legislation as an "oppressed minority." Gudel quotes various sources evidencing this. <br />
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In a 1987 speech to the National Press Club in Washington, homosexual spokesperson Jeff Levi proclaimed, <br />
<br />
:We are no longer seeking just a right to privacy and a protection from wrong. We also have a right &#8212; as heterosexual Americans already have &#8212; to see government and society affirm our lives.<ref>Jeff Levi, in William Dannemeyer, Shadow in the Land (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1989), 86.</ref> <br />
<br />
In an article entitled "Gays on the March" in 1975, Time magazine quoted gay activist Barbara Gittings who stated: <br />
<br />
:What the homosexual wants, and here he is neither willing to compromise nor morally required to compromise &#8212; is acceptance of homosexuality as a way of life fully on a par with heterosexuality." In response, Time opined, "It is one thing to remove legal discrimination against homosexuals. It is another to mandate approval....It is this goal of full acceptance, which no known society past or present has granted to homosexuals, that makes many Americans apprehensive.<ref>Gays on the March," Time, 8 Sept. 1975, 43</ref> <br />
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A primary goal of the homosexual agenda is to promote the lifestyle in [[public schools]]. This occurred quickly and intensely after gay marriage was imposed in Massachusetts, where homosexual relationships are taught to children as young as kindergartners, as recounted by the decision of ''[[Parker v. Hurley]]''.<ref>The ''Parker v. Hurley'' decision explained, "In January 2005, when Jacob Parker ("Jacob") was in kindergarten, he brought home a 'Diversity Book Bag.' This included a picture book, Who's in a Family?, which depicted different families, including single-parent families, an extended family, interracial families, animal families, a family without children, and &#8212; to the concern of the Parkers &#8212; a family with two dads and a family with two moms. The book concludes by answering the question, 'Who's in a family?': 'The people who love you the most!' The book says nothing about marriage."</ref><br />
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In a 1992 report by John Leo in U.S. News & World Report, he notes some books which were part of New York City's public school curriculum.<br />
<br />
The first-grade book, "Children of the Rainbow", stated on page 145, which states that teachers must "be aware of varied family structures, including...gay or lesbian parents," and "children must be taught to acknowledge the positive aspects of each type of household." Another children book is Heather Has Two Mommies, which is about a lesbian couple having a child through artificial insemination. Another book, Gloria Goes to Gay Pride, states, "Some women love women, some men love men, some women and men love each other. That's why we march in the parade, so everyone can have a choice."<br />
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Leo commented, <br />
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:A line is being crossed here; in fact, a brand new ethic is descending upon the city's public school system. The traditional civic virtue of tolerance (if gays want to live together, it's their own business) has been replaced with a new ethic requiring approval and endorsement (if gays want to live together, we must 'acknowledge the positive aspects' of their way of life).<ref>John Leo, "Heather Has a Message," U.S. News & World Report, 17 Aug. 1992, 16.</ref> <br />
<br />
Dr. Judith A. Reisman in her extensive ''Crafting “Gay” Children'',<ref>http://www.defendthefamily.com/_docs/resources/6390601.pdf</ref> reports that Harvard homosexual Toby Morotta, PhD, stated that in the 1970s, members of the Gay Activists Alliance - who were trained in the “zapping" of any who rebuffed homosexuality.<ref>Toby Marotta: THE POLITICS OF HOMOSEXUALITY: HOW LESBIANS AND GAY MEN HAVE MADE THEMSELVES A POLITICAL AND SOCIAL FORCE IN MODERN AMERICA, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1981 at 319</ref> And that these formed the “Gay Academic Union,” (GAU) which was made up of faculty and students in major universities. She states that the GAU has long fought for domination of its worldview within the academic community, and professional journals commonly assigned GAU and other homosexual peer reviewers to research touching on homosexuality, generally resulting in a quick death to possible unfavorable findings.<ref>See extensive reports in regular NARTH Bulletins as well as Ray Johnson, “American Psychology: The Political Science, at 53-57.</ref><br />
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This and the general agenda is seen to be overall implementing a marketing strategy explained in a book called ''After the Ball,'' by [[gay rights]] activists Marshall Kirk and Hunter Madsen in the late 1980s, in which a six-point plan was set forth as to how they could transform the beliefs of ordinary Americans with regard to homosexual behavior in a decade-long time frame:<br />
:"The agenda of homosexual activists is basically to change America from what they perceive as looking down on homosexual behavior, to the affirmation of and societal acceptance of homosexual behavior." <ref name="Winn07252003">''After the Ball'' (1989), quoted from Winn, Pete (7-25-2003) [ ''Q&A: The Homosexual Agenda''] Citizenlink</ref> "Thus propagandistic advertising can depict all opponents of the gay movement as homophobic bigots who are 'not Christian' and the propaganda can further show them [[homosexuals]] as being criticized, hated and shunned..."<ref>After the Ball: How America Will Conquer Its Fear and Hatred of Gays in the 90's, by Marshall Kirk and Hunter Madsen (Author) (p. 152-153)</ref><br />
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[[Focus on the Family]] provides additional quotes from After the Ball, outlining key points of the homosexual agenda:<ref name="Winn07252003"/><ref>Kirk, Marshall K. and Erastes Pill (11-1987) ''The Overhauling of Straight America'' Available at [http://www.article8.org/docs/gay_strategies/overhauling.htm ''STRATEGIES OF THE HOMOSEXUAL MOVEMENT: "The Overhauling of Straight America"'']</ref><br />
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#"Talk about gays and gayness as loudly and as often as possible." (They use late night air waves and special channels, as well as their right to peacefully assemble to do so.)<br />
#"Portray gays as victims, not as aggressive challengers." <br />
#"Give homosexual protectors a just cause." <br />
#"Make gays look good." <br />
#"Make the victimizers look bad." <br />
#"Get funds from corporate America."<br />
<br />
[[United States Supreme Court]] Justice [[Antonin Scalia]] wrote:<br />
{{cquote|Today's opinion is the product of a Court, which is the product of a law-profession culture, that has largely signed on to the so-called homosexual agenda, by which I mean the agenda promoted by some homosexual activists directed at eliminating the moral opprobrium that has traditionally attached to homosexual conduct.<ref>[http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=000&invol=02-102#dissent1 ''LAWRENCE et al. v. TEXAS''] at findlaw.com</ref>}}<br />
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[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vic_Eliason Vic Eliason] of [http://www.crosstalkamerica.com Crosstalk America] rightly points out that if all Americans turned homosexual it would only take a few generations for the United States to lose most of the population of the country through lack of procreation. This would make the US more vulnerable to attack by our enemies.<br />
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== Specific goals ==<br />
<br />
The goals of the homosexual movement include:<br />
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#Ignoring Christian morals and discouraging religiously based laws. <br />
#Attempting to convince the world that marriage should be defined secularly, instead of as one of the Lord's commandments.<br />
#Ignore the clear message of the [[Bible]] that [[homosexuality]] is a sin and an abomination unto [[God]] because their first amendment rights allow them to.<br />
#Remind conservatives that there cannot be a gay gene, just like like there cannot be a "black gene" because complex things like these are caused by complex interactions between genes.<br />
#Censoring evidence that the "gay gene" is a hoax. After all, it would have to be multiple genes interacting together.<ref>[http://www.massresistance.org/docs/gen/08a/born_gay_hoax/smith_0329/index.html ''Lesbian activists at Smith College riot, shut down Ryan Sorba speech on "The Born Gay Hoax" as police watch. See exclusive videos.''] Mass Resistance</ref><br />
#Censoring speech against homosexuality by branding it to be "hate-speech"<ref>[http://www.silencingchristians.com Video:Silencing Christians]</ref><ref>[http://mu-warrior.blogspot.com/2009/06/homosexuality-its-crime-in-england-to.html "Marquette Warrior"]. ''mu-warrior.blogspot.com''. Retrieved on 2 May 2016.</ref><ref>[http://www.ccfon.org/view.php?id=745 Bishops fight for right to criticize homosexual lifestyle, 25th May 2009]</ref><br />
#Censoring biblical statements condemning homosexuality<ref>White, Hilary (04-21-2006) [http://www.lifesite.net/ldn/2006/apr/06042105.html ''Court Upholds School Ban on "Homosexuality is Shameful" T-Shirt''] LifeSiteNews.com</ref> <br />
#Lobbying for equal employment rights.<ref>The Crimson Staff (10-13-2006) [http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=514950 ''A Box of Their Own?''] (opinion) The Crimson</ref><ref>http://www.afa.net, Homosexual Agenda Platforms from 1972 - 2000</ref><br />
#Expand hate crimes legislation to include sexual orientation, which would be equally wrong for heterosexuals to do.<ref>Pelosi, Nancy Office of (09-28-2004) [http://www.house.gov/pelosi/press/releases/Sept04/HateCrimes092804.html ''Pelosi: "Hate Crimes Prevention Legislation is Right Thing to Do, Long Overdue"''] From the office of Congresswoman Nancy Pelosi</ref><br />
#Ending the military's and Boy Scout's restrictions on homosexuality<ref>''Boy Scouts of Am. v. Dale'', 530 U.S. 640 (2000) (Boy Scouts); "Matlovich v. Secretary of the Air Force (591 F.2d 852, DC Circ. 1 978) (military)</ref><br />
#Stopping children as young as 5 years old from attending therapy to repair their sexual preference<ref>[http://www.thetaskforce.org/reports_and_research/youth_in_the_crosshairs National Gay and Lesbian Task Force:Youth in the Crosshairs]</ref><br />
#Teach tolerance of homosexuals in schools.<br />
#In places like Massachusetts and California, where the gay lobby is the strongest, it starts as early as preschool. They tell seven- or eight-year-old boys, "If you only like boys, there's a chance you may be homosexual," or "If you only like girls, maybe you are lesbian." Children at that age also do not have the hormones to experience sexual attraction, so they cannot understand this yet.<br />
#Demands protections from job discrimination.<ref>[http://www.thetaskforce.org/issues/nondiscrimination/ENDA_main_page Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA) | National Gay and Lesbian Task Force]</ref><br />
#Suing an online dating website for discrimination. This was because sexual orientation is a federally protected group, as such, this company was breaking the law.<ref>Joshua Rhett Miller. [http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,454904,00.html "eHarmony to Provide Gay Dating Service After Lawsuit"]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved on 2 May 2016.</ref><br />
#Undermining the [[Essay:Quantifying Mental Strength|resolve]] of [[Homosexuality and choice#Choice and Genetics|latent homosexuals]] so that their will becomes too weak to resist the temptations of homosexuality<ref>http://www.thetaskforce.org/activist_center/resources_and_tools/challenge_exgay</ref><br />
#Pushing for legalized adoption by gay individuals and couples<ref>http://www.thetaskforce.org/issues/parenting_and_family</ref><br />
#Indoctrination of public school children to support the homosexual agenda<br />
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The state-by-state push for same-sex marriage can be viewed as a means to the above goals, or a goal in itself.<ref>[[Lewis v. Harris]]</ref> An example of this would be the recent New Hampshire law that makes same-sex civil unions legal.<ref>[http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2007/06/01/new_hampshire_law_makes_same_sex_civil_unions_legal/ "New Hampshire law makes same-sex civil unions legal"]. ''boston.com''. Retrieved on 2 May 2016.</ref><br />
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Although notable gains toward achieving its goals continue to manifest, homosexual activists have recently been expressing a high level of dissatisfaction with the Obama administration. Commenting on such, Massresistance.org, an organization which opposes the homosexual agenda in [[Massachusetts]], noted that the President has, <br />
<br />
*signed an order extending federal benefits to same-sex partners.<br />
<br />
*pushed an extreme hate crimes bill in Congress.<br />
<br />
*declared his intention to repeal the Defense of Marriage.<br />
<br />
*pushed a pro-homosexual and transgender version of the Employment Non-Discrimination Act.<br />
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*appointed homosexual activists to high level positions, including Harry Knox, of the homosexual lobby group Human Rights Campaign, and Kevin Jennings, founder of the Gay, Lesbian, Straight Education Network (GLSEN), which educates kids in the public schools.<br />
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*declared February to be "Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Pride Month."<br />
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*Demanded the State Department allow gay couples to use their married names (from marriages or civil unions) on US passports.<ref>update@massresistance.org 6/24/2009 11:56 PM</ref><br />
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=== Strategies and psychological tactics ===<br />
<br />
Homosexual activists are often seen as engaging in [[homosexual logic|specious argumentation]], such as attempts to controvert the consistent teaching of the Bible on homosexual relations (see [[homosexuality and biblical interpretation]]), and using false analogies, in order to gain acceptance of homosexuality. One common argument used by homosexual activists seeks to compare their quest for equal rights to that of others.<ref>Miner, Homosexuality, Civil Rights, and the Church</ref> This argument is countered by the observation that blacks were able to peacefully argue that mankind should not be "judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character",<ref>[http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm, Speech by Martin Luther King Jr.]</ref> as the former yields no certain moral distinction. In contrast, homosexual activists seek acceptance of an immoral practice(s), and in addition, engage in certain coercive and manipulative means to do so. This includes the use of demonstrative protests, which appear to be designed to censure and intimidate those who oppose them in any way.<ref>http://www.leaderu.com/socialsciences/sellinghomosexuality.html</ref><ref>[http://www.massresistance.org/docs/issues/gay_strategies/after_the_ball.html "The homosexual propaganda campaign in America's media"]. ''massresistance.org''. Retrieved on 2 May 2016.</ref><ref>[http://www.amazon.com/After-Ball-America-Conquer-Hatred/dp/0452264987 "After the Ball: How America Will Conquer Its Fear and Hatred of Gays in the 90's (Plume): Marshall Kirk, Hunter Madsen: 9780452264984: Amazon.com: Books"]. ''amazon.com''. Retrieved on 2 May 2016.</ref><ref>[http://www.wnd.com/index.php?fa=PAGE.view&pageId=89526 "‘Gays’ put ‘terrorist’ label on Christians"]. ''WND''. Retrieved on 2 May 2016.</ref><ref>[http://www.massresistance.org/docs/gen/08c/Prop8/church_attacks.html "Homosexuals begin campaign of terror over Prop 8 loss"]. ''massresistance.org''. Retrieved on 2 May 2016.</ref><ref>http://rebuildtheparty.ning.com/video/exodus-protest-park-street</ref><ref>http://theway2k.vox.com/library/post/homosexuals-persecuting-christians-and-mormons.html</ref><ref>http://www.hamiltonsquare.net/articlesRiotsSep1993.htm</ref><ref>[http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2008/may/08050205.html "Lesbian Break-in and Riot During College Speech on “Born-Gay Hoax” Forces Cancellation"]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved on 2 May 2016.</ref><ref>[http://www.wnd.com/index.php?fa=PAGE.view&pageId=95296 "‘How hate crimes laws forced me into exile’"]. ''WND''. Retrieved on 2 May 2016.</ref><ref>Muehlenberg, Bill, [http://www.billmuehlenberg.com/2009/06/04/another-nail-in-the-christian-coffin/ Another Nail in the Christian Coffin], [[4 June]] [[2009]]</ref><ref>[http://www.massresistance.org/docs/gen/09a/feder_0311/index.html "Gay activists stop free speech at UMass Amherst"]. ''massresistance.org''. Retrieved on 2 May 2016.</ref> In addition, one pro-homosexual commentator recently took the homosexual community to task for being racist in their practice of homosexuality.<ref>LZ Granderson, ''Commentary: Gay is not the new black'', Cable News Network,July 16, 2009</ref> Another strategy used by supporters of the homosexual agenda is to publicly deny that such an agenda exists.<ref>[http://onug.us/content/christians-america-and-gay-agenda "Christians, America, And The Gay Agenda"]. ''onug.us''. Retrieved on 2 May 2016.</ref><br />
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While not all homosexuals agree with the use of deceptive psychological tactics, these have been promoted by leading homosexual activists. The aforementioned book, ''After the Ball'', is widely regarded as the handbook for the gay agenda, in which two homosexual Harvard-trained graduates, <ref>[http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,152180,00.html "Is The Gay Revolution a Flop?"]. ''time.com''. 24 June 2001. Retrieved on 2 May 2016.</ref> Marshall Kirk (1957–2005), a researcher in neuropsychiatry, and Hunter Madsen (pen name ''Erastes Pill''), who was schooled in social marketing, advocated avoiding portraying gays as aggressive challengers, but as victims instead, while making all those who opposed them to be evil persecutors. As a means of the latter, they promoted ''jamming,'' in which Christians, traditionalists, or anyone else who opposes the gay agenda are publicly smeared. Their strategy was based on the premise that, "In any campaign to win over the public, Gays must be portrayed as victims in need of protection so that straights will be inclined by reflex to adopt the role of protector. The purpose of victim imagery is to make straight people feel very uncomfortable."<ref>[http://www.parentsofgaychildren.org/uploads/After_the_Ball_-_outline_by_Richard_Cohen.pdf After the Ball: How America Will Conquer It’s Fear and Hatred of Gays in the 90’s Outline compiled by Richard Cohen, MA]</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Kirk|first1=Marshall|last2=Madsen|first2=Hunter|title=After the ball : how America will conquer its fear and hatred of gays in the 90s|date=1989|publisher=Plume|location=New York|isbn=978-0452264984|page=183|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oDwEAQAAIAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=+victims+in+need++of+protection|accessdate=2 February 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
"Jamming" [[homo-hatred]] (disagreement with [[homosexual behavior]]s) was to be done by linking it to [[Nazi]] horror, advised Kirk and Madsen. Associate all who oppose homosexuality with images of Klansmen demanding that gays be slaughtered, hysterical backwoods preachers, menacing punks, and a tour of Nazi concentration camps where homosexuals were tortured and gassed. Thus, "propagandistic advertisement can depict homophobic and homohating bigots as crude loudmouths..."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110603050349/http://www.renewamerica.com:80/columns/mbarber/080213 "Unmasking the "gay" agenda"]. ''renewamerica.com''. Retrieved on 2 Feb. 2018.</ref> " It can show them being criticized, hated, shunned. It can depict gays experiencing horrific suffering as the direct result of homohatred-suffering of which even most bigots would be ashamed to be the cause. It can, in short, link homohating bigotry with all sorts of attributes the bigot would be ashamed to possess, and with social consequences he would find unpleasant and scary... our effect is achieved without reference to facts, logic, or proof."<ref> http://www.massresistance.org/docs/issues/gay_strategies/after_the_ball.html The homosexual propaganda campaign in America's media, </ref><br />
<br />
Dr. R. Albert Mohler Jr., president of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, writes, <br />
<blockquote><br />
There can be no doubt that Christianity represents the greatest obstacle to the normalization of homosexual behavior. It cannot be otherwise, because of the clear biblical teachings concerning the inherent sinfulness of homosexuality in all forms, and the normativity of heterosexual marriage. In order to counter this obstacle, Kirk and Madsen advised gays to "use talk to muddy the moral waters, that is, to undercut the rationalizations that 'justify' religious bigotry and to jam some of its psychic rewards." How can this be done? "This entails publicizing support by moderate churches and raising serious theological objections to conservative biblical teachings." [The latter of which attempts [[homosexuality and biblical interpretation]] examine and expose.]<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20070927163416/http://www.gender-news.com/other.php?id=19 ''After the Ball--Why the Homosexual Movement Has Won,''] Thursday, June 3rd, 2004</ref><br />
</blockquote> <br />
<br />
Kirk and Madsen's open admission of their deceptive tactics is noted as most revealing: [O]ur effect is achieved without reference to facts, logic, or proof. "...the person's beliefs can be altered whether he is conscious of the attack or not"<ref>After the Ball: How America Will Conquer Its Fear and Hatred of Gays in the 90s, p. 152-153 (1989, Doubleday/Bantam)</ref> “The campaign we outline in this book, though complex, depends centrally upon a program of unabashed propaganda, firmly grounded in long-established principles of psychology and advertising.”<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=oDwEAQAAIAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=unabashed+propaganda%2C+firmly+grounded Kirk and Madsen, After the Ball: How America Will Conquer Its Fear and Hatred of the Gay’s in the 90s, p.xxvi]</ref><ref>[http://banap.net/ "&#91;Behavior, and Not a Person&#93;"]. ''banap.net''. Retrieved on 2 May 2016.</ref> <br />
<br />
Similarly, author Robert Bauman additionally records: "It makes no difference that the ads are lies... because were using them to ethically good effect, to counter negative stereotypes that are every bit as much lies, and far more wicked ones."<ref>The Gentleman from Maryland: The Conscience of a gay Conservative, by Robert Bauman, 1986, page 163.</ref><br />
<br />
The need for Kirk and Madsen to engage in such manipulation may be seen as being due to their sober realization of the nature of the homosexual lifestyle. <br />
<br />
“In short, the gay lifestyle - if such a chaos can, after all, legitimately be called a lifestyle - it just doesn’t work: it doesn’t serve the two functions for which all social framework evolve: to constrain people’s natural impulses to behave badly and to meet their natural needs. While it’s impossible to provide an exhaustive analytic list of all the root causes and aggravants of this failure, we can asseverate at least some of the major causes. Many have been dissected, above, as elements of the Ten Misbehaviors; it only remains to discuss the failure of the gay community to provide a viable alternative to the heterosexual family.”<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=oDwEAQAAIAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=exhaustive+analytic+list Kirk and Madsen, After the Ball: How America Will Conquer Its Fear and Hatred of the Gay’s in the 90s, p.363 ]</ref><br />
<br />
David Kupelian, author of ''[[The Marketing of Evil]],'' describes Marshall Kirk and Hunter Madsen, stating, <br />
<blockquote><br />
Kirk and Madsen were not the kind of drooling activists that would burst into churches and throw condoms in the air. They were smart guys – very smart. Kirk, a Harvard-educated researcher in neuropsychiatry, work with the Johns Hopkins Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth and designed aptitude tests for adults with 200+ IQs. Madsen, with a doctorate in politics from Harvard, was an expert on public persuasion tactics and social marketing.<ref>[http://pearl-diving.blogspot.com/2009/01/sold-on-homosexuality-marketing-of-evil.html "Sold on Homosexuality – The Marketing of Evil"]. ''pearl-diving.blogspot.com''. Retrieved on 2 May 2016.</ref><br />
</blockquote> <br />
<br />
Marshall Kirk died in 2005 at the age of 47.<ref>http://www.americanancestors.org/PageDetail.aspx?recordId=134544248</ref> The cause of death has not been publicly revealed.<br />
<br />
Often cited as an early example of such tactics was the role of homosexual activists in persuading the American Psychiatric Association (APA) to remove homosexuality as a mental disorder from its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders (DSM-II). Dr. Ronald Bayer, though being himself a pro-homosexual psychiatrist, described this removal as being the result of power politics, threats, and intimidation, rather than any new scientific discoveries.<ref>[http://www.traditionalvalues.org/urban/eleven.php Exposed: The Myth That Psychiatry Has Proven That Homosexual Behavior Is Normal]</ref> In so doing, like slavery before it, the homosexual agenda is seen to threaten basic freedoms, principally the First Amendment.<ref>Adams, Guy (11-8-2008) [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/mormon-stars-face-backlash-after-gay-marriage-ban-1003967.html ''Mormon stars face backlash after gay marriage ban''] The Independent</ref> <br />
<br />
The charge of [[homophobia]] has also been increasingly evidenced as being part of a means of intimidation used in promoting the homosexual agenda. Due to what homophobia has been made to denote, that of being a repressed homosexual, or possessing an irrational fear of being approached by homosexuals, or of being a bigot persecuting victims, the widespread use of the term "homophobic" attaches a powerful stigma to anyone who may even conscientiously oppose the practice of homosexuality, thus silencing many who might otherwise object to it.<ref>[http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/narth/1995papers/socarides.html Thought Reform And The Psychology of Homosexual Advocacy, Charles W. Socarides, M.D.]</ref><br />
<br />
In relation to such oppression, psychologist Nicholas Cummings, former president of the American Psychological Association (APA), observed, "Homophobia as intimidation is one of the most pervasive techniques used to silence anyone who would disagree with the gay activist agenda." As an example of such fear within the APA, in addressing 100 fellow professionals Cummings related that while writing "Destructive Trends in Mental Health," with psychologist Rogers Wright, a number of fellow psychologists were invited to participate. However, these flatly turned them down, as they feared loss of tenure, loss of promotion, and other forms of professional retaliation. "We were bombarded by horror stories," Dr. Cummings said. "Their greatest fear was of the gay lobby, which is very strong in the APA.<ref>[Psychology Losing Scientific Credibility, Say APA Insiders http://www.narth.com/docs/insiders.html]</ref><br />
<br />
Noted homosexual activist and pornographer Clinton Fein, in his article, ''The Gay Agenda stated'': "Homophobic inclinations alone, even without any actions, should be criminal and punishable to the full extent of the law."<br />
<br />
Erik Holland, author of ''The Nature of Homosexuality'', perceives that homosexuals have become so reckless in labeling others homophobic that "anyone who questions their labeling someone [is] a homophobe himself. Even quoting factual statistics about the connection between homosexuality and AIDS is allegedly homophobic." In addition, according to pro-homosexual author Vernon A. Wall, "even acceptance of homosexuality can be seen as a form of homophobia, because to talk about the acceptance of homosexuality is to imply that there is something about homosexuality that needs acceptance."<ref>[http://www.homosexinfo.org/Homophobia/HomePage "Homosexinfo - Homophobia - Homophobia: Fear of homosexuals?"]. ''homosexinfo.org''. Retrieved on 2 May 2016.</ref> <br />
<br />
It may be speculated that if the liberal use of the term homophobia is not primarily a psychological tactic, then it indicates a psychological condition on the part of those who use it in which they imagine that those who oppose them are fearful of them, or of being one.<br />
<br />
More recently, after 25 years of claiming he was not indoctrinating anyone with pro homosexual beliefs, one activist honestly admitted to this being a lie. Canadian gay activist S. Bear Bergman, a female who identifies as a transgender male, stated, "All that time I said I wasn't indoctrinating anyone with my beliefs about gay and lesbian and bi and trans and queer people? That was a lie.” Bergman recounted that she was instructed as a young gay activist to tell concerned parents that she was “just providing an alternate viewpoint” when accused of engaging in “indoctrination and recruiting,” and to use “soft” language when speaking about homosexuality. In her article on the notoriously liberal web site, the [[Huffington Post]], he went on to candidly confess that this indoctrination, "is absolutely my goal. I want to make your children like people like me and my family, even if that goes against the way you have interpreted the teachings of your religion." Bergman fantasized that in an ideal world he would have been "ushered into the world of queerness with care and tenderness by experienced homos" (akin to "camp counselors"), "and issued my leather jacket and my protest pins, my safer sex supplies..." <br />
<br />
Bergman expressed that his goal was that of portraying to "impressionable young minds" the idea that "queers and transfolk are just as fine and lovely a kind of human as any other kind," and stated that he did not like the idea of sending her kid to schools where any kid could share with him their ideas about homosexuals. Thus Bergman, who believes that "books a kid hears at bedtime affect their sleep and also their dreams," is finalizing a series of children's books that all feature lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer kids or families, with the goal that the young readers come to believe that people like him and his family are "absolutely great," that "lesbian, gay, bi, queer, and trans people -- that we exist, that we're perfectly fine and often really excellent." Bergman then concludes, "If that makes me an indoctrinator, I accept it. Let me be honest -- I am not even a little bit sorry."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/s-bear-bergman/i-have-come-to-indoctrinate-your-children-lgtbq_b_6795152.html|title=I have come to indoctrinate your children into my LGBTQ agenda (and I'm not a bit sorry)|last1=Bergman|first1=S. Bear|website=Huffington Post|accessdate=22 March 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
Commenting on this frank article, Pete Baklinski of LifeSiteNews.com, states that, <blockquote>While Bergman paints a “friendly and cheerful” picture of the gay lifestyle, she fails to mention the serious health risks tied to homosexual behaviors....Research done in 2002 by Dr. John R. Diggs found that same-sex sexual behaviors expose gays, lesbians and bisexuals to “extreme risks of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), physical injuries, mental disorders and even a shortened life span.” Common sexual practices among gay men were found to lead to “numerous STDs and physical injuries, some of which are virtually unknown in the heterosexual population.” Gay and bisexual men were found to “lose up to 20 years of life expectancy.” The US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) have warned on numerous occasions that HIV rates, already at epidemic proportions, are continuing to climb steadily among men who have ‘sex’ with men. The CDC has stated that gay and bisexual men continue to remain at the epicenter of what they call a “HIV/AIDS epidemic.”</blockquote><br />
<br />
To which Baklinski adds the spiritual consequences, citing one of the texts in the Bible which condemn homosexual relations: <br />
{{Cquote|“For this reason God gave them up to dishonorable passions. Their women exchanged natural relations for unnatural, and the men likewise gave up natural relations with women and were consumed with passion for one another, men committing shameless acts with men and receiving in their own persons the due penalty for their error” (Letter to Romans 1:26).<ref>{{cite web|last1=Baklinski|first1=Pete|title=Gay activist: Of course our goal is to ‘indoctrinate children into LGBTQ agenda’|url=https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/gay-activist-our-goal-is-to-indoctrinate-children-into-lgbtq-agenda|website=LifeSiteNews.com|accessdate=22 March 2015}}</ref> }} <br />
<br />
For Christians believe God created man and women uniquely compatible and complimentary, and they alone are joined by God in marriage, with opposite genders being specified by both Genesis and personally by Jesus Christ. (Gn. 2:18-24; Mt. 19:4) The Bible only condemns homosexual relations - by design and decree, in principle and by precept - and never sanctions them wherever they are manifestly dealt with, and the injunctions against them are part of the transcendent and immutable moral law. (Lv. 18:22; Rm. 1:26,27)<br />
<br />
However, Christians also understand that some of the first Christians were likely former homosexuals, (1Cor. 6:9-11) and believe that there is room at the cross for all who want the Lord Jesus over sin, and believe upon Him to save them who died for them, and rose again. And who thus are baptized and follow Him, to the glory of God.<ref>[http://peacebyjesus.witnesstoday.org/Homosex_versus_the_Bible.html HOMOSEXUAL RELATIONS and the BIBLE]</ref><br />
<br />
===Influence in the academic world===<br />
<br />
Professor Jerry Z. Muller described in an article titled ''First Things'' (Aug/Sept. 1993) how the homosexual lobby has gained widespread acceptance in the educational realm. <br />
{{cquote|[Their] strategy has been remarkably successful. With a rapidity largely attributable in large part to a total lack of articulate resistance, homosexual ideology has gained an unquestioned and uncontested legitimacy in American academic life. Within the academy, as within nonacademic elite culture, the definition of opposite to homosexuality as "homophobia - a definition which implies that it is impossible to give good reasons for the cultural disapproval of homosexuality - is the best evidence of the success of this strategy.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=cbfVg_1qhe0C&pg=PP1&lpg=PP1&dq=David+W.+Virtue+scots+college&source=bl&ots=aDW7a615Gn&sig=Y1cLsx5sCQTgUUDJ88b5AKPRkNg&hl=en&ei=8skISpP1AcGktgfi2PzsCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#PPR14,M1 "Homosexuality"]. ''google.com''. Retrieved on 2 May 2016.</ref>}}<br />
<br />
====In the public schools====<br />
{{See also|Homosexuality in Schools}}<br />
[[File:Prairie Ridge High School LGBT+ Flag.jpg|thumb|200px|School in Chicago area (Prairie Ridge High School) with LGBT+ [[Rainbow#Rainbow flag|rainbow flag]]. Students in the same school who display the [[Confederate flag]] will face discipline.<ref name="NWHerald2017"/>]]<br />
[[File:Prairie Ridge High School LGBT.jpg|thumb|200px|This Chicago-area school has "safe spaces" for homosexual students (sponsored by [[GLSEN]]).]]<br />
Many public schools throughout the United States promote the [[homosexual agenda]], oftentimes through publically-funded school programs created by [[GLSEN]].<ref name="Heyer2015">Heyer, Walt (June 8, 2015). [http://www.thepublicdiscourse.com/2015/06/15118/ Public School LGBT Programs Don't Just Trample Parental Rights. They Also Put Kids at Risk]. ''The Witherspoon Institute -- Public Discourse''. Retrieved March 24, 2017.</ref> Much of this was the work of the [[Obama Administration]].<ref name="Heyer2015"/> GLSEN also promotes the homosexual agenda through a "day of silence."<ref>Berry, Susan (April 11, 2015). [http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2015/04/11/day-of-silence-how-the-lgbt-agenda-is-hijacking-americas-youth/ Day of Silence: How the LGBT Agenda Is Hijacking America’s Youth]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 24, 2017.</ref> In 2016, [[California]] became the first state to legislate the teaching of the homosexual agenda in public schools to children as young as second grade.<ref>Berry, Susan (July 19, 2016). [http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2016/07/19/lgbt-history-california-first-to-teach/ California: 1st State To Teach LGBT Curriculum — to Second Graders]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 24, 2017.</ref> These California students are now banned from opting-out from this [[indoctrination]].<ref>Newman, Alex (January 4, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/culture/education/item/27883-students-banned-from-opting-out-of-lgbt-education Students Banned From Opting Out of LGBT Education]. ''The New American''. Retrieved January 5, 2018.</ref><br />
<br />
In schools where the homosexual agenda is promoted, students who promote the [[Confederate flag]] may expect to face disciplinary actions.<ref name="NWHerald2017">Prokop, Hannah (November 11, 2016). [http://www.nwherald.com/2016/11/09/prairie-ridge-high-school-suspends-student-for-wearing-confederate-flag-to-school/aelbmro/ Prairie Ridge High School suspends student for wearing Confederate flag to school]. ''Northwest Herald''. Retrieved March 24, 2017.</ref><br />
<br />
===Promoting immorality in society===<br />
<br />
The “gay” activists promote [[immorality]] in [[society]]. As no one wants to be called a [[hypocrite]], every act of sexual sin by society members serves the “gay” interest by lessening the public will to uphold public morality. That's why wherever the promotion of sexual sin is observed, it is likely there are also “gay” activists involved: <br />
<br />
==== The abortion industry ====<br />
The best example of “gay” promotion of societal immorality is seen in their aggressive defense of the abortion industry. Obviously, homosexuals cannot have an “unwanted pregnancy,” yet in an extensive experience, the big part of “pro-choice” street activists at abortion clinics are homosexuals. This is so because they know that preserving the people’s option to destroy unborn life is essential to maintaining so called “[[sexual freedom]]” as a social norm. If women lost their choice to legally kill their unborn offspring, the resulting inevitable shift of emphasis from self-gratification to family responsibility in such a large section of the population would change the entire culture. When a woman gives in to fear and selfishness to kill the child in her womb, she will not feel that she can criticize other sinners. The choice to kill their unborn children morally compromises both men and women (making them unwilling to criticize choices to engage in other forms of immoral behavior), and ensures that the outcome of an unwanted child will not be a lasting deterrent to those who have chosen sexual “freedom” over family. This explains why homosexuals, who by definition cannot conceive children together, are among the most militant advocates of abortion on demand.<br />
<br />
==== The pornography industry ====<br />
The existence of a thriving pornography industry where “gays” are also notoriously prevalent serves the “gay” cause by morally corrupting the men who use it, making them less likely to oppose homosexuality on moral grounds and more likely to support public policies which legitimize sexual [[hedonism]]. “Gay” activists promote sexual anarchy because they know that when a man falls in bondage to pornography he is less willing to oppose other sexual sins in society. <br />
<br />
==== The entertainment industry ====<br />
When young people enjoy music or films that glorify sexual lust, they feel more sympathy to the “gay” arguments.<br />
<br />
The “gays” have it easy pushing sexual “freedom”, because every person, in their flesh, wants to indulge themselves in their own choices.<br />
This is like children being offered only candy to eat. People want to eat only sweets until they get sick. Only with maturity do they know how to eat to stay healthy.<br />
<br />
The “gay” movement has many allies in its campaign to promote sexual immorality, but it is the only social movement in the history of the world whose primary purpose is to eliminate social restraints on [[sexual]] conduct. It is heavily funded, highly organized and strategically positioned to maximize its ability to change societies and cultures.<ref name="Lively2009">{{cite book |title=Redeeming the Rainbow: A Christian Response to the "Gay" Agenda |author=[[Scott Lively]] |publisher=Veritas Aeterna Press |place=Springfield, MA |year=2009 |edition=1 (Version 1.1)|chapter=1: Pro-family answers to common questions about homosexuality and "gay" agenda |pages=8, 60, 176|url=http://www.massresistance.org/docs/gen/09b/Redeeming_rainbow}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Opposing Christianity ==<br />
<br />
Liberals are critical of Christian groups that oppose homosexuality. These criticisms include the claimed Christian activities of:<br />
<br />
*Threatening to shut Salvation Army soup kitchens in New York rather than being forced to hire homosexuals<ref>[http://chicago.gopride.com/news/article.cfm/ArticleID/1824489] Salvation Army Uses Homeless To Fight Gay Benefits</ref><br />
*Encouraging email activism<br />
*Producing and disseminating gay reform information countering homosexual activism materials<br />
*Influencing local media in what stories they produce (despite the fact liberals own the media)<br />
*Lobbying local, state and federal government officials to vote in the desired way on pending legislation<ref>[http://www.cwfa.org/about.asp Concerned Women For America] About page</ref><br />
*Calling homosexual individuals "sinners" (while teaching the principle of "love the sinner, hate the sin")<br />
<br />
==Opponents of the Homosexual Agenda ==<br />
Some well known individuals/groups in the [[United States]] who actively oppose the homosexual agenda are: [[Focus on the Family]], [[Peter LaBarbera]]'s American's for Truth, the [[Traditional Values Coalition]] ([[Louis Sheldon]] is a chairman of the Traditional Values Coalition), and [[Matt Barber]] of [[Concerned Women of America]].<br />
<br />
===Peter LaBarbera===<br />
<br />
As noted earlier, [[Peter LaBarbera]] is the founder of [[Americans For Truth]] (AFT) which is a national organization in the United States devoted solely to confronting the homosexual agenda.<ref name="americansfortruth.com">[http://www.americansfortruth.com/about/ "About Americans for Truth About Homosexuality and AFTAH Founder Peter LaBarbera » Americans for Truth"]. ''americansfortruth.com''. Retrieved on 2 May 2016.</ref><br />
<br />
Peter LaBarbera said the following regarding the need for the organization Americans for Truth:<br />
{{cquote|Homosexual, [[bisexuality|bisexual]], and [[transsexual]] groups spend tens of millions of dollars every year to market and normalize their aberrant lifestyles, yet after all these years there is not a single, serious national group dedicated specifically to exposing and countering their agendas...<br />
<br />
It’s time for Americans to unapologetically resist the demands of this lobby, and to counter the lies upon which it is built-the foremost being that certain people are inherently or ‘born’ homosexual and that this is a [[civil rights]] issue.<ref name="americansfortruth.com"/>}}<br />
<br />
===Matt Barber===<br />
[[Matt Barber]] of [[Concerned Women of America]] is one the more notable figures in regards to opposing the homosexual agenda. Matt Barber wrote the following regarding the homosexual agenda:<br />
[[Image:Mbarber_b.jpg|right|thumb|175px|[[Matt Barber]]]]<br />
{{cquote|Ironically, sexual [[relativism|relativists]] are anything but relative. They are quite affirmative in principle. But the principles they foist demand comprehensive acceptance of homosexual conduct — by force of law — through federal edicts such as “hate crimes” legislation, the so-called “Employment Non-Discrimination Act” (ENDA) and by imposing government sanctioned “same-sex marriage.” All such government mandates grant special protected “minority” status to those who define themselves by aberrant sexual preferences and changeable sexual behaviors. These laws put people with traditional values directly in the crosshairs of official government policy.<br />
<br />
Throughout society, homosexual activists demand that homosexual behaviors not only be “tolerated,” but celebrated. (That’s what the euphemistic slogan “celebrate diversity” supposes). They have masked their true political agenda by hijacking the language of the genuine civil rights movement and through the crafty and disingenuous rhetoric of “tolerance” and “diversity.”<br />
<br />
Anyone who believes the Biblical directive that human sexuality is a gift from [[God]], to be shared between man and wife within the bonds of marriage, is branded “homophobic,” “hateful” or “discriminatory.” They are to be silenced by all means possible.<ref>http://www.cwfa.org/articledisplay.asp?id=14696&department=CFI&categoryid=family</ref>}}<br />
<br />
===Steffen Königer===<br />
[[German]] politician Steffen Königer from the party [[Alternative for Germany]] (AfD) showed that it is possible to use [[irony]] when opposing the [[extremist]] gender agenda. In his address in the parliament of the [[Brandenburg]], the federated state of [[Germany]], he ridiculed homosexual lobbyists and gender ideologists by enlisting in his introduction, for about two minutes, all "gender and sexual varieties" he could find on the Internet. This way he brought to attention of general public the absurdity of the proposal put forward by the German [[Green Party]] that demanded to introduce multiple "gender identities" in state documents. When the Parliamentary Speaker tried to stop him, he just replied that he is not finished yet and further adamantly continued in naming all alleged gender declinations. When he was finally done with his introduction, his actual reaction to the proposal took less than three seconds: ''"The AfD party rejects your proposal."''<ref>{{cite web |title=Un político alemán ridiculiza los postulados del LGBTI |url=https://youtu.be/GzIwvHUvFR0 |accessdate=23 Jun 2016 |language=German (English subtitles)}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
*https://www.amazon.com/dp/B012YKIQ2M Counterfeiting the Rainbow by Beverly Rachel<br />
*[http://www.leaderu.com/jhs/lively.html Homosexuality and the Nazi Party] by Scott Lively. Excellent discussion of the anti-Christian and homosexual origins of the Nazism.<br />
*[http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/hsx/ Documentation of the links between homosexuals and the Nazis] by the Government of Israel. <br />
*[http://www.sbcbaptistpress.org/BPCollectionNews.asp?ID=131 2008 McDonald's and the Homosexual Agenda], Baptist Press<br />
*[http://www.couplescompany.com/FEATURES/politics/2004/Selling%20Homosexuality.pdf Paul E. Rondeau, Selling homosexuality to America (PDF)] [http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/730694/posts Or html form]<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[ACT-UP]]<br />
*[[Anti-Defamation League]]<br />
*[[Anthropological Revolution]]<br />
*[[Homosexual belief system]]<br />
*[[Gay affirmative]]<br />
*[[Gay rights]]<br />
*[[Homophobia]]<br />
*[[Hate speech]], [[Hate crime]]<br />
*[[Homosexual logic]], used to justify and promote the homosexual agenda<br />
*[[Homosexuality]]<br />
*[[Homosexuality and biblical interpretation]]<br />
*[[Homosexualization]]<br />
*[[Gleichschaltung#LGBTI Gleichschaltung|LGBTI Gleichschaltung]]<br />
*[[San Francisco values]]<br />
*[[Fashion industry values]]<br />
*[[Hollywood values]]<br />
*[[Slogans and the Homosexual Agenda]]<br />
*[[Stonewall UK]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{liberalism}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Homosexual Agenda]]<br />
[[Category:Homosexuality]]<br />
[[Category:Liberal Deceit]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Values]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Konrad_Adenauer&diff=1402659Konrad Adenauer2018-02-05T08:15:49Z<p>Elessar: /* Domestic policies */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Konrad Adenauer''' (1876-1967) was the first chancellor (top official) of the Federal Republic of Germany ('''FRG''', called '''West Germany'''), 1949-63. He was the founder and leader of the [[Christian Democratic Union]] ('''CDU'''), a coalition of Catholics and Protestants that since 1946 has generally dominated German politics. Allegedly a devout Catholic, he belied his age as the oldest elected leader in world history by his intense work habits and his uncanny political instinct. He displayed a strong dedication to a broad vision of democracy, capitalism, and anti-Communism. A stern patriarch and shrewd politician, Adenauer did as being deeply committed to the traditional values of Christianity and pursued a single-mindedly Western-oriented foreign policy, but he in fact joined NATO only when he failed to establish a European army. He restored the West Germany economy to dominance in Europe, rebuilt its army, came to terms with France, fought apparently relentlessly against the Communists in rival [[East Germany]], and made his nation a pillar of [[NATO]] (after joining it rather unwillingly) and a firm ally of the United States. He brought Germany prosperity, democracy and stability. Secretly he was a [[Rotary Club|Rotarian]] who laid the foundation stone of [[European Union|European centralizaton]] which is one step in World Communism's long-time strategy to dominate the world. Adenauer openly advocated the annihilation of European nation states and the foundation of a European republic. To a large extent Adenauer's policies still dominate Germany.[[File:Adenauer1.jpg|thumb|230px]]<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Adenauer was born in 1876, in Cologne, the son of a poor law clerk. He became a lawyer and a civil servant in Cologne, specializing in local taxation. Adenauer was elected a deputy mayor, then senior deputy mayor (1911), and served as lord high mayor of Cologne 1917-33. <br />
<br />
In 1930, Mayor Adenauer and [[Henry Ford]] laid the cornerstone for a Ford automobile factory in that Rhineland city. Adenauer had aggressively courted Ford, hoping to increase the tax base and find jobs for his constituents, who were hard hit by the Depression. For Ford, the deal meant that he had a foothold in one of the greatest commercial and industrial cities in Germany. <br />
<br />
Adenauer played a leading role in German national politics as a member of the Catholic [[Center Party]]. From 1917 to 1933 he served in the provincial diet of the Rhineland and in the Prussian state council as a representative of the Center Party. He later became president of the council and was also a member of the executive committee of the Center Party. In 1926 Adenauer publicly advocated a political union of Protestants and Catholics. He hoped to oppose the philosophy of the socialist [[class struggle]] with a program for a Christian social order of society.<br />
==Nazi Era==<br />
In 1933 Adenauer was dismissed from all his positions by the Hitler regime for "crimes against the German people." For 11 years he lived quietly near Bonn. In late 1944 the Gestapo put him in a concentration camp. <br />
<br />
After Germany's surrender in May 1945 the Americans reinstalled Adenauer as lord mayor of Cologne. A few months later he was dismissed by the British, when Cologne was made part of their occupation zone, "for reasons of political incompetence"—that is, for negotiating with the French about a separate Rhineland.<br />
<br />
==West Germany==<br />
Adenauer became one of the founders of the [[Christian Democratic Union]] (CDU), a conservative coalition of Catholics and Protestants whose aim was to rebuild a shattered Germany in the Christian spirit. Adenauer insisted there be harmony between Protestants and Catholics in the new party.<br />
<br />
After the religious nihilism of the Nazi era the moral and political authority of the Catholic Church grew immensely. The Church participated in the working out of the West German constitution. The Church acknowledged the authority of the state as a guarantor of law and order, as long as that order concurred with Christian-Humanistic doctrine. The Church formed an independent organism within the state. By the 1960s, however, German society was becoming much more secular, and the Catholic Church also lost its unity. <br />
<br />
In the state of [[Bavaria]] the counterpart of the CDU is the entirely separate '''[[Christian Social Union of Bavaria|Christian Social Union]]''' ('''CSU'''), which operates only in Bavaria. The CDU stays out of Bavaria and in national affairs the CDU and CSU always collaborate.<br />
<br />
==Chancellor==<br />
In 1946, at age 70, his great political career really began. Adenauer became CDU party leader and won a series of electoral battles against the chief rival, the [[Social Democratic Party]] (SPD), the former Socialist party. The three western zones of occupation merged into West Germany and in 1948 he became president of the parliamentary council, charged with designing a democratic constitution for the German Federal Republic. In 1949, the first German Federal Diet elected him chancellor. He was re-elected in 1953, 1957, and 1961. He was forced to retire in 1963 after mishandling the [[Berlin Wall]] crisis, but remained the powerful head of the CDU until his death. He was succeeded as chancellor by his economics minister [[Ludwig Erhard]] (1897-1977), who was chancellor 1963-66.<br />
<br />
===Domestic policies===<br />
Adenauer's always hewed to a few fundamental principles. He opposed the agglomeration of economic and political power in the hands of the state—the goal of the Socialists, saying it was a danger for the freedom of the individual. He promoted a division of power between business and the state, in which a limited, controlling function devolves upon the state, offers greater guarantees for the preservation of personal liberties.<br />
<br />
Adenauer worked with the economics minister Erhard to promote free enterprise, reduce regulation, strengthen the mark (the currency before the Euro), and promote economic "liberalism" especially in collaboration with the small but influential [[Free Democratic Party]] ('''FDP''')<ref>The term "liberalism" in Germany was then similar to "libertarianism" in the U.S.</ref> He did not oppose labor unions because he needed their support for his foreign policy.<br />
<br />
Doing like being opposed to far-leftism, Adenauer acted to make the neo-Nazi Socialist Reich Party illegal in 1952 and the Communist Party illegal in 1956. Despite that, he held some old Nazis in his government.<br />
<br />
He tried but failed to make radio broadcasting a government monopoly.<br />
<br />
Adenauer opposed [[capital punishment]] and abolished it.<br />
<br />
===Foreign policies===<br />
In foreign policy Adenauer regarded as essential the conclusive settlement of Germany's see-saw policy between East and West, which in his opinion brought to the German people the disasters of the two world wars. He bound Germany firmly to the democratic West. His uncompromising hostility toward the Soviet Union was major element in the [[Cold War]], as it led to rearmament and the creation of a strong German army.<br />
<br />
====Resolving fears of Germany====<br />
Adenauer traded West German renunciation of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons (ABC weapons) for Western Allied approval of near-sovereignty for West Germany at the London Nine-Power (United States, Canada, Britain, France, Italy, the Benelux countries, and West Germany) Conference in 1954, thereby meeting French security demands and recognizing the special status of the United States, Britain, and France as nuclear powers. West Germans were quite ready to accept a last-recourse Allied right of intervention because this right also preserved German reunification claims. <br />
<br />
Adenauer's diplomats quelled the fears and anger of American Jewish groups and worked to convince them of Germany's reforms on a personal as well as a national level. These efforts included the<br />
Adenauer's support of the state of [[Israel]] and its agreement to pay compensation to that country as well as to individual victims of the Nazi [[Holocaust]], which made it difficult to doubt West Germany's good intentions.<br />
<br />
====German rearmament====<br />
Germany was disarmed until 1955, when Adenauer finally convinced his NATO allies that a German Army was both trustworthy and essential. The 1954 Treaties of Paris established the participation of the FRG in NATO and its rearmament. The new army made West Germany the strongest Central European power. After President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] adopted the New Look policy aimed at reducing conventional forces and making nuclear arms the central element both of deterrence and defense in case of war, the German military remained bound to the old system, which envisioned fighting off a Soviet invasion through the "Fulda Gap" in central Germany. In 1956 the United States planned to drastically reduce its armed forces and strengthen American nuclear superiority. Adenauer then understood that without nuclear weapons his country would be less powerful than Britain or France. He learned that nuclear arms for Germany was politically unacceptable in Europe. Hoping that the availability of nuclear weapons would increase deterrence, he supported the assignment of nuclear warheads to West Germany by the United States.<br />
<br />
Now with an army he was in a position to go to Moscow in 1955 and secure the release—after a decade—of German soldiers from World War II held in Soviet POW camps. In return Moscow and Bonn exchanged ambassadors. (The German capital was in Bonn, not in Berlin, for the wartime Allies controlled Berlin until 1991.)<br />
====European Unity====<br />
Adenauer realized the bonding of the French and German economies was the necessary precondition of western European economic integration. He moved for closer ties with French occupation officials. The French responded favorably, producing an economic rapprochement that led to West German membership in the European Community. The steady growth of Franco-German trade promoted political understanding between the two states and enabled France to make fundamental structural changes in her economy. This could not be accomplished along exclusively bilateral lines, but the Rome Treaties negotiations led France to move toward multilateral negotiations. French interest in nuclear research and the Suez Canal debacle strengthened this movement. With the establishment of the European Economic Community, France and West Germany were able to deal with western European problems as partners. <br />
<br />
In negotiating the Schuman Plan to create the European Coal and Steel Community from 1950 to 1952, the key figures - [[Jean Monnet]], [[Robert Schuman]], and Adenauer- battled determinedly and effectively both for the ideal of a new era of Franco-German understanding and for pragmatic economic political interests of both countries. One serious stumbling block was the status of the [[Saar]] region, which France now controlled. (1876-1967) over the status of the Saar. The French claimed that the economic union of the Saar with France was essential and that the Saar be neither French nor German politically but that it be Europeanized. The German position was that the Saar was German politically and culturally and therefore could not be French economically. France allowed a plebiscite and the Saar joined Germany in 1957.co<br />
<br />
France and West Germany were brought together by common interests starting from 1955, but did not agree with regard to European union and relations with the United States. In 1955 France was pleased by the Geneva conferences that left Germany divided. Furthermore, the Rome treaties of 1957 established the [[Common Market]] limited to six countries, a solution advocated by France against the larger union envisioned by Adenauer. [[Charles De Gaulle]] proposed establishing a European political organization anchored on a Franco-German alliance independent of the United States. Adenauer agreed to this project as preferable to a London-Paris-Washington alliance. However, Adenauer underestimated De Gaulle's intent to destroy the Atlantic alliance, and De Gaulle did not understand that West Germany would never substitute French support for that of the United States. [[John F. Kennedy]]'s policy toward the Soviets and the fear of American abandonment of Europe contributed to the agreements between De Gaulle and Adenauer that culminated in the Elysée treaty in 1963. <br />
=====Labor unions=====<br />
To achieve European centralization, Adenauer needed the cooperation of the labor union, which mostly supported the opposition SPD. The German Federation of Trade Unions (DGB) saw itself in a political role, and largely favored the idea of "European integration". A key test of its European credentials was its attitude toward the [[Schuman Plan]], proposed by France, for a common market for coal, iron, and steel. The DGB accepted the plan following its entry in 1949 into the International Federation of Free Trade Unions, though it was aware of the risk of internal tensions and friction with SPD politicians. The issue also became interwoven with the Pleven Plan to create a European defense community. The agreement that was finally reached between Adenauer and the DGB involved some compromise on the issue of equal union participation in the coal and steel industry, but was not a "deal" based on prior concessions. Adenauer's dealings with the DGB leadership showed cool calculation, and their close cooperation reflected the DGB's sense of political responsibility and general enthusiasm for European centralization.<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
* Cudlipp, E. ''Adenauer'' (1985)<br />
* Granieri, Ronald J. ''The Ambivalent Alliance: Konrad Adenauer, the CDU/CSU, and the West, 1949-1966'' (2004) 250 pages [http://books.google.com/books?id=gL0BUSQOc1EC&dq=intitle:Konrad+intitle:Adenauer&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=3&as_pt=ALLTYPES excerpt and text search] <br />
* Heidenheimer, Arnold J. ''Adenauer and the CDU: the Rise of the Leader and the Integration of the Party'' (1960)<br />
* Hiscocks, Richard. ''The Adenauer Era'' (1966)<br />
* Rovan, Joseph. ''Konrad Adenauer'' (1987) 182 pages [http://books.google.com/books?id=3dHtW4yojJIC&dq=intitle:Konrad+intitle:Adenauer&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=3&as_pt=ALLTYPES excerpt and text search] <br />
* Schwarz, Hans-Peter. ''Konrad Adenauer: A German Politician and Statesman in a Period of War, Revolution and Reconstruction. Vol. 1: From the German Empire to the Federal Republic, 1876-1952.''<br />
** Schwarz, Hans-Peter. ''vol 2: Konrad Adenauer a German politician and statesman in a period of war, revolution and reconstruction'' (1995) 759 pp. [http://books.google.com/books?id=T4vQw1RNkQ8C&dq=intitle:Konrad+intitle:Adenauer+intitle:A+intitle:German+intitle:Politician+intitle:and+intitle:Statesman&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES excerpt and text search vol 2]; also [http://www.questia.com/read/98804131 full text online]<br />
* Williams, Charles. ''Konrad Adenauer: The Father of the New Germany'' (2001), 624pp <br />
<br />
===Primary sources===<br />
* Adenauer, Konrad. ''Memoirs'', (4 vols. English edition 1966-70)<br />
==Notes==<br />
<references /><br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Adenauer, Konrad}}<br />
<br />
{{German Chancellors}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:German People]]<br />
[[Category:German History]]<br />
[[Category:Cold War]]<br />
[[Category:Catholic Politicians]]<br />
[[Category:German Chancellors]]<br />
[[Category:Christian Democrat Union politicians]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=2016_presidential_candidates_on_homosexuality&diff=14020742016 presidential candidates on homosexuality2018-02-02T13:58:53Z<p>Elessar: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
!Candidate<br />
!Position<br />
!Comments<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ben Carson]]<br />
|Homosexuality is a choice, not something someone is born with. The Supreme Court decision for [[same-sex marriage|same-sex "marriage"]] is illegitimate and he would not enforce it. Carson supports same-sex civil unions.<br />
|There has been some concern about backpedaling. For example, in response to the 5-4 Supreme Court decision in ''[[Obergefell]]'', Carson announced that homosexual "marriage" is "now the law of the land."<ref>http://talkingpointsmemo.com/livewire/ben-carson-gay-marriage-decision</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Mike Huckabee]]<br />
|As president, he would order the Executive Branch not to enforce the illegal Supreme Court decision in ''[[Obergefell]]''. Huckabee has been the leader among all candidates in defending Kim Davis, the [[Christian]] clerk in [[Kentucky]] imprisoned for declining to authorize [[homosexual marriage|homosexual "marriage"]] licenses.<br />
|Consistent and principled, Huckabee asked Ohio to file a petition for rehearing to overturn ''[[Obergefell]]''.<br />
|-<br />
|[[Rick Santorum]]<br />
|Long a leader against the [[homosexual agenda]].<br />
|Asked Ohio to file a petition for rehearing to overturn ''[[Obergefell]]''.<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ted Cruz]]<br />
|Although some of his campaigns have been financed in substantial part by pro-[[homosexual]] donors he strongly rejects same-sex "marriage".<ref>http://www.texastribune.org/2012/07/03/ted-cruzs-gay-billionaire-donor-draws-criticism/</ref><br />
|Cruz is in favor of overturning ''[[Obergefell]]'' in order to let the states decide themselves about LGBT law.<br />
|-<br />
|[[Lindsey Graham]]<br />
|wants the Republican Party to fully accept homosexual "marriage", and remove the opposition to it in the platform<ref>http://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2015/06/29/Sen-Lindsey-Graham-on-gay-marriage-Accept-the-courts-ruling/2021435554496/</ref><br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Rick Perry]]<br />
|once strong against homosexual "marriage", Perry seems to be avoiding it now.<br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|[[Jeb Bush]]<br />
|accepts homosexual "marriage" and is staffed by multiple supporters of the [[homosexual agenda]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Donald Trump]]<br />
|Trump supports [[judicial supremacy]] to impose the [[homosexual agenda]], as demonstrated by his refusal to defend Kim Davis. "The decision's been made, and that's the law of the land," he declared, apparently accepting the fallacy that courts can "make new law".<ref>http://news.yahoo.com/trump-republican-pledge-breaks-pack-iran-gay-marriage-131002899.html</ref> Separately, he has stated he is for traditional marriage<ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/06/28/donald-trump-gay-marriage_n_7681570.html Donald Trump Pressed On How 'Traditional' His 3 Marriages Are, Huffington Post, June 28,2015]</ref><br />
|Trump's double-digit lead will evaporate as people realize that he seems to be, for all practical purposes, on the side of the [[homosexual agenda]].<br />
|-<br />
|[[Rand Paul]]<br />
|rejects same-sex "marriage" strongly<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Marco Rubio]]<br />
|A one time advocate for traditional marriage, he recorded robocalls for the [[National Organization for Marriage]]<br />
|NOM dropped their support for Rubio after he stated, "While I disagree with this decision, we live in a republic and must abide by the law." <ref>[http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2015/06/27/exclusive-national-organization-for-marriage-cant-support-rubio-jeb-after-same-sex-marriage-cave/ NATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MARRIAGE: CAN’T SUPPORT RUBIO, JEB AFTER SAME-SEX MARRIAGE CAVE, Breitbart, June 27,2015]</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Carly Fiorina]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Bobby Jindal]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Chris Christie]]<br />
|signed into law a top priority of the [[homosexual agenda]]: banning [[conversion therapy]] for minors in [[New Jersey]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Scott Walker]]<br />
|accepts homosexual "marriage" for the time being, but supports banning openly gay Scout leaders because it has "protected children."[http://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/gop-turns-the-volume-anti-gay-rhetoric]<br />
|his donors are probably pro-[[homosexual agenda]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[John Kasich]]<br />
|accepts homosexual "marriage"<br />
|was affiliated with the sometimes pro-homosexual [[Fox News Channel]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[George Pataki]]<br />
|supports homosexual "marriage"<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2015/05/28/politics/george-pataki-presidential-announcement-2016/</ref><br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
*[[2016 presidential election]]<br />
[[Category:Homosexuality]]<br />
[[Category:2016 Presidential Election]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=One-world_government&diff=1401941One-world government2018-02-01T17:59:23Z<p>Elessar: </p>
<hr />
<div>:''For the ideology most supportive of a one-world government, see [[Globalism]]''<br />
A '''one-world government''' is a goal popular with [[liberal]]s, [[Globalism|globalists]], and others ranging from the moderate "Right" to the Left and far-Left, in which all the [[nation]]s on [[Earth]] will (supposedly willingly) abandon their [[sovereignty]] to the will of the [[United Nations]] or some other worldwide government. Liberals and globalists see this as a [[utopia]]n goal, while opponents see it as a [[dystopia]].<br />
<br />
Some people believe that [[President of the United States of America|U.S. President]] [[George H. W. Bush]]'s "[[New World Order]]" speech was a clue that the [[Establishment|insiders]] were about to begin their plan to establish the One-World Government.<ref>[http://www.constitution.org/col/cuddy_nwo.htm A Chronological History of the New World Order]</ref> President [[George W. Bush]] helped allay these fears with his obvious contempt for the United Nations.<br />
<br />
A one-world government is an ultimate goal of the Left. They believe in [[Idea of Progress|the concept that humanity is progressing for the better]], and they want to create a [[utopia]] where humanity is unified and where there are no wars, conflicts, or borders (cultural and national). Supranational organizations such as the [[United Nations]], [[European Union]], [[World Trade Organization]], and the [[Paris climate agreement]], appear to be the forerunners to a complete one-world government. All these organizations are supported by liberals. A one-world government is the epitome of [[big government]].<br />
<br />
Many theologically conservative Christians believe that the Earth will be united under a one-world government, based on [[Bible|Scripture]].<ref>[https://www.gotquestions.org/one-world-government.html Does the Bible prophesy a one-world government and a one-world currency in the end times?] ''[[GotQuestions]]''. Retrieved March 18, 2017.</ref> In the popular ''[[Left Behind]]'' series, the [[Antichrist]] begins his plan by subsuming America into the One-World Government. This is based on the [[Book of Revelation]]. Theologically conservative/orthodox Christians believe that the ultimate reason for the push for globalism and one-world government is rebellion against God leading up to the Antichrist – rather than submit to God and recognize that only He can unite the world and bring world peace, liberal globalists seek to create utopia themselves and glorify humanity rather than God.<ref>Hohmann, Leo (October 16, 2016). [http://www.wnd.com/2016/10/is-globalism-actually-demonic/ Is Globalism Actually Demonic?] ''WND''. Retrieved December 26, 2017.<br><br />
See also:<br />
*[https://www.gotquestions.org/Christian-globalization.html Should a Christian be opposed to globalization?] ''[[GotQuestions]]''. Retrieved December 26, 2017.</ref><br />
<br />
==Developments towards a one world government==<br />
[[File:United Nations flag.png|thumb|225px|The establishment of the [[United Nations]] served as a step toward eventually creating a one-world government]]<br />
{{See also|War on Sovereignty}}<br />
Similar to how [[homosexuality]] and its legalization was viewed by the vast majority of people 50 years prior to its actual legalization, acceptance, and encouragement by society, many people do not believe a one-world government is a realistic or serious idea that could happen in the coming centuries. However, compared to the international situation in the past, such as 1300, 1700, or even 1900 AD, the world in the early 21st century is much more culturally, economically, and politically unified than ever, and becoming increasingly so. The vast majority of the world's nations belong to the [[United Nations]] (which has an expansive bureaucracy), the [[Paris climate agreement]], and the [[World Trade Organization]], among other organizations. Leaving these organizations is considered taboo.<br />
<br />
Additionally, cultural and economic unification is key to establishing a political one-world government, as can be illustrated in the case of the European Union,<ref>Newman, Alex (August 20, 2013). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/item/16343-the-eu-regionalization-trumps-sovereignty The EU: Regionalization Trumps Sovereignty]. ''The New American''. Retrieved November 25, 2017.</ref> which established economic unity prior (free trade, single market) to political unity (no borders, unified currency, common military). Common weights and measures, such as the [[Metric System]], and other forms of economic unification, such as [[time zones]] and [[free trade]] agreements, are used worldwide, and leaving any of these is considered taboo, detrimental, or even practically unheard of.<br />
<br />
===Strategy to achieving world government===<br />
While many of those who either disbelieve or deny the existence of a "War on Sovereignty" imagine it as a very speedy attempt to instantly unite the world into a global government, those who are actively pushing for a one-world government are pursuing a relatively longsuffering strategy that will slowly merge all the countries of the world into each other prior to the official establishment of any world government. They believe this strategy to be the only way it can be successfully achieved. Zbigniew Brzezinski, an Obama advisor and member of the [[Council on Foreign Relations]] and [[Trilateral Commission]], admitted this, stating that "we cannot leap into world government in one quick step. The precondition for genuine globalization is progressive regionalization."<ref name="Perloff2009">Perloff, James (July 23, 2009). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/1213-council-on-foreign-relations Council On Foreign Relations]. ''The New American''. Retrieved November 27, 2017.</ref> Organizations such as the EU and NAFTA are examples of this "progressive regionalization."<ref name="Perloff2009"/><br />
<br />
Additionally, Richard N. Gardner, a former State Department official, wrote in 1974 that a world government could not be established in one step. Rather, he argued that "in short, the ‘house of world order’ will have to be built from the bottom up rather than from the top down," and that "an end run around national sovereignty, eroding it piece by piece, will accomplish much more than the old fashioned assault."<ref>Multiple references:<br />
*McManus, John F. (July 17, 2009). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/politics/item/2666-hillary-clinton-lets-cfr-cat-out-of-the-bag Hillary Clinton Lets CFR Cat Out of the Bag]. ''The New American''. Retrieved December 31, 2017.<br />
*Gardner, Richard N (April 1974). [http://www.apfn.org/pdf/191627-1974-CFR-R-N-Gardner-Hard-Road-to-World-Order-OCR-by-MatRoX.pdf The Hard Road to World Order]. ''Foreign Policy''. Retrieved January 7, 2018.</ref><ref name="DeepState2018">Newman, Alex (January 8, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/print-magazine/item/27866-deep-state-behind-the-deep-state-cfr-trilaterals-bilderbergs Deep State Behind the Deep State: CFR, Trilaterals, Bilderbergs]. ''The New American''. Retrieved January 9, 2017.</ref> Gardner's strategy has been fully adopted by globalists, and international organizations such as the [[World Bank]], [[International Monetary Fund]], [[World Trade Organization]], [[Paris climate agreement]], and the numerous disarmament treaties are all examples of this strategy in action – eroding sovereignty bit by bit until all the countries of the world are so integrated by the complicated web of international organizations and treaties that the official establishment of a world government can be accomplished seamlessly and would rather be a mere recognition of ''de facto'' reality.<br />
<br />
===The list===<br />
This is an incomplete list of historical developments towards globalism and a one world government:<br />
*[[Age of Exploration]]. The trend of modern [[globalization]] takes root during this time. (ca. 1400–1650 AD)<br />
*[[Congress of Vienna|Concert of Europe]] (ca. 1815–1823) – first system, at least in Europe, where nations meet together to resolve disputes and maintain a [[balance of power]]. A precursor to the League of Nations and United Nations.<br />
*Adoption of the [[Metric System]] (mainly the 19th and 20th centuries) – standardized weights and measures essential for cultural and political unification<br />
*Worldwide [[Time zones]] (adopted by most of the world by 1900) – economic and cultural unification essential for political unification<br />
*[[League of Nations]] (1920)<br />
*End of [[World War II]]. A dominant liberal world order now clearly exists (even though it could be easily seen at the end of [[World War I]]), at least among the Western nations. Much talk among Europeans and their leaders over a "United States of Europe"<br />
*[[United Nations]] (1945)<br />
*[[World Bank]] and [[International Monetary Fund]] established (1945)<br />
*[[European Court of Justice]] (1952)<br />
*[[European Union]] (predecessor founded 1957)<br />
*[[European Court of Human Rights]] (1959)<br />
*Dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]] and the end of the [[Cold War]] (1991). End of the bipolar world order and the beginning of a unipolar or multipolar order, where the world generally had a degree of cooperation and unity with the occasional [[rogue state]] (they are called "rogue states" for a reason).<br />
*[[NAFTA]] (1994)<br />
*[[World Trade Organization]] (1995)<br />
*[[Schengen Area]] (1995), abolishes borders within the EU<br />
*[[International Criminal Court]] (1998)<br />
*[[Eurozone]] (1999), single currency for European countries; other nations around the world seek to emulate it<br />
*[[Donald Trump]] supports building a [[border wall]], but he is condemned as an extremist for doing so, even though the Chinese, Romans, Israelis, and many others did it successfully (2015/2016)<br />
*[[European migrant crisis|Millions of refugees pour into Europe]]. Leftist politicians want to fulfill their dream of a multicultural society rather than help refugees (2015/2016).<br />
*[[Paris climate agreement]] is formed, with nearly every nation in the world being a party to the treaty (2015). Two years later, the United States announces its intentions to withdraw and end implementation, but not without massive protest and pressure from the rest of the world (note that the opposition occurred even despite Trump not choosing to withdraw from the underlying UN treaty).<br />
*[[United Kingdom]] votes to leave the EU, and yet the socialistic organization pushes further towards federalism.<ref>Hallett, Nick (June 29, 2016). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2016/06/29/european-leaders-release-plan-eu-army-turkish-membership/ Just Days After Brexit, EU Releases Plan For Further Expansion, An EU Army, AND Turkish Membership]. ''Breitbart''. Retrieved October 14, 2016.</ref> Two years later, in 2017, the EU agrees on a plan to create a unified military.<ref>Newman, Alex (November 21, 2017). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/27431-eu-super-state-agrees-to-plan-for-eu-military EU Super-state Agrees to Plan for EU Military]. ''The New American''. Retrieved November 25, 2017.</ref><br />
*United States gives up control of [[Domain name|internet domain name system]] (2016)<ref>Solomon, Howard (October 3, 2016). [http://www.itworldcanada.com/article/new-era-in-internet-governance-starts-as-us-cedes-control-of-domain-name-system/386903 New era in Internet governance starts as US cedes control of domain name system]. ''IT World Canada''. Retrieved October 14, 2016.</ref><ref>Lieberman, Eric (September 24, 2016). [http://dailycaller.com/2016/09/24/obama-admin-wants-to-surrender-us-control-over-internet-to-global-bureaucracy/ Obama Admin Wants To Surrender US Control Over Internet To Global Bureaucracy]. ''The Daily Caller''. Retrieved October 14, 2016.</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Idea of Progress]]<br />
* [[Nationalism vs. globalism]]<br />
* [[Cultural Marxism]]<br />
* [[United Nations]]<br />
* [[Antichrist]]<br />
* [[Freemasonry]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* YouTube: [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1iIQLKzH_u8 George Bush - New World Order Speech - March 6 1991 - Part 1] [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_exbDmVim7w&feature=related Part 2]<br />
* YouTube: [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rd8wwMFmCeE&feature=related 1961 speech Eisenhower Warns us of New World Order]<br />
*[https://www.gotquestions.org/new-world-order.html What is the New World Order?] ''[[GotQuestions]]''. Retrieved March 18, 2017.<br />
*[https://www.gotquestions.org/Christian-globalization.html Should a Christian be opposed to globalization?] ''[[GotQuestions]]''. Retrieved March 18, 2017.<br />
*[https://www.gotquestions.org/United-Nations-end-times.html Does the Bible say the United Nations will have a role in the end times?] ''[[GotQuestions]]''. Retrieved March 18, 2017.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Political Terms]]<br />
[[Category:Eschatology]]<br />
[[Category:Liberalism]]<br />
[[Category:Governments]]<br />
[[Category:Globalism]]<br />
[[Category:Threats]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=One-world_government&diff=1401936One-world government2018-02-01T16:48:25Z<p>Elessar: alright, this is better</p>
<hr />
<div>:''For the ideology most supportive of a one-world government, see [[Globalism]]''<br />
A '''one-world government''' is a [[utopia]]n (in fact [[dystopian]]) goal popular with [[liberal]]s, [[Globalism|globalists]], and others ranging from the moderate "Right" to the Left and far-Left, in which all the [[nation]]s on [[Earth]] will (supposedly willingly) abandon their [[sovereignty]] to the will of the [[United Nations]] or some other worldwide government.<br />
<br />
Some people believe that [[President of the United States of America|U.S. President]] [[George H. W. Bush]]'s "[[New World Order]]" speech was a clue that the [[Establishment|insiders]] were about to begin their plan to establish the One-World Government.<ref>[http://www.constitution.org/col/cuddy_nwo.htm A Chronological History of the New World Order]</ref> President [[George W. Bush]] helped allay these fears with his obvious contempt for the United Nations.<br />
<br />
A one-world government is an ultimate goal of the Left. They believe in [[Idea of Progress|the concept that humanity is progressing for the better]], and they want to create a [[utopia]] where humanity is unified and where there are no wars, conflicts, or borders (cultural and national). Supranational organizations such as the [[United Nations]], [[European Union]], [[World Trade Organization]], and the [[Paris climate agreement]], appear to be the forerunners to a complete one-world government. All these organizations are supported by liberals. A one-world government is the epitome of [[big government]].<br />
<br />
Many theologically conservative Christians believe that the Earth will be united under a one-world government, based on [[Bible|Scripture]].<ref>[https://www.gotquestions.org/one-world-government.html Does the Bible prophesy a one-world government and a one-world currency in the end times?] ''[[GotQuestions]]''. Retrieved March 18, 2017.</ref> In the popular ''[[Left Behind]]'' series, the [[Antichrist]] begins his plan by subsuming America into the One-World Government. This is based on the [[Book of Revelation]]. Theologically conservative/orthodox Christians believe that the ultimate reason for the push for globalism and one-world government is rebellion against God leading up to the Antichrist – rather than submit to God and recognize that only He can unite the world and bring world peace, liberal globalists seek to create utopia themselves and glorify humanity rather than God.<ref>Hohmann, Leo (October 16, 2016). [http://www.wnd.com/2016/10/is-globalism-actually-demonic/ Is Globalism Actually Demonic?] ''WND''. Retrieved December 26, 2017.<br><br />
See also:<br />
*[https://www.gotquestions.org/Christian-globalization.html Should a Christian be opposed to globalization?] ''[[GotQuestions]]''. Retrieved December 26, 2017.</ref><br />
<br />
==Developments towards a one world government==<br />
[[File:United Nations flag.png|thumb|225px|The establishment of the [[United Nations]] served as a step toward eventually creating a one-world government]]<br />
{{See also|War on Sovereignty}}<br />
Similar to how [[homosexuality]] and its legalization was viewed by the vast majority of people 50 years prior to its actual legalization, acceptance, and encouragement by society, many people do not believe a one-world government is a realistic or serious idea that could happen in the coming centuries. However, compared to the international situation in the past, such as 1300, 1700, or even 1900 AD, the world in the early 21st century is much more culturally, economically, and politically unified than ever, and becoming increasingly so. The vast majority of the world's nations belong to the [[United Nations]] (which has an expansive bureaucracy), the [[Paris climate agreement]], and the [[World Trade Organization]], among other organizations. Leaving these organizations is considered taboo.<br />
<br />
Additionally, cultural and economic unification is key to establishing a political one-world government, as can be illustrated in the case of the European Union,<ref>Newman, Alex (August 20, 2013). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/item/16343-the-eu-regionalization-trumps-sovereignty The EU: Regionalization Trumps Sovereignty]. ''The New American''. Retrieved November 25, 2017.</ref> which established economic unity prior (free trade, single market) to political unity (no borders, unified currency, common military). Common weights and measures, such as the [[Metric System]], and other forms of economic unification, such as [[time zones]] and [[free trade]] agreements, are used worldwide, and leaving any of these is considered taboo, detrimental, or even practically unheard of.<br />
<br />
===Strategy to achieving world government===<br />
While many of those who either disbelieve or deny the existence of a "War on Sovereignty" imagine it as a very speedy attempt to instantly unite the world into a global government, those who are actively pushing for a one-world government are pursuing a relatively longsuffering strategy that will slowly merge all the countries of the world into each other prior to the official establishment of any world government. They believe this strategy to be the only way it can be successfully achieved. Zbigniew Brzezinski, an Obama advisor and member of the [[Council on Foreign Relations]] and [[Trilateral Commission]], admitted this, stating that "we cannot leap into world government in one quick step. The precondition for genuine globalization is progressive regionalization."<ref name="Perloff2009">Perloff, James (July 23, 2009). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/1213-council-on-foreign-relations Council On Foreign Relations]. ''The New American''. Retrieved November 27, 2017.</ref> Organizations such as the EU and NAFTA are examples of this "progressive regionalization."<ref name="Perloff2009"/><br />
<br />
Additionally, Richard N. Gardner, a former State Department official, wrote in 1974 that a world government could not be established in one step. Rather, he argued that "in short, the ‘house of world order’ will have to be built from the bottom up rather than from the top down," and that "an end run around national sovereignty, eroding it piece by piece, will accomplish much more than the old fashioned assault."<ref>Multiple references:<br />
*McManus, John F. (July 17, 2009). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/politics/item/2666-hillary-clinton-lets-cfr-cat-out-of-the-bag Hillary Clinton Lets CFR Cat Out of the Bag]. ''The New American''. Retrieved December 31, 2017.<br />
*Gardner, Richard N (April 1974). [http://www.apfn.org/pdf/191627-1974-CFR-R-N-Gardner-Hard-Road-to-World-Order-OCR-by-MatRoX.pdf The Hard Road to World Order]. ''Foreign Policy''. Retrieved January 7, 2018.</ref><ref name="DeepState2018">Newman, Alex (January 8, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/print-magazine/item/27866-deep-state-behind-the-deep-state-cfr-trilaterals-bilderbergs Deep State Behind the Deep State: CFR, Trilaterals, Bilderbergs]. ''The New American''. Retrieved January 9, 2017.</ref> Gardner's strategy has been fully adopted by globalists, and international organizations such as the [[World Bank]], [[International Monetary Fund]], [[World Trade Organization]], [[Paris climate agreement]], and the numerous disarmament treaties are all examples of this strategy in action – eroding sovereignty bit by bit until all the countries of the world are so integrated by the complicated web of international organizations and treaties that the official establishment of a world government can be accomplished seamlessly and would rather be a mere recognition of ''de facto'' reality.<br />
<br />
===The list===<br />
This is an incomplete list of historical developments towards globalism and a one world government:<br />
*[[Age of Exploration]]. The trend of modern [[globalization]] takes root during this time. (ca. 1400–1650 AD)<br />
*[[Congress of Vienna|Concert of Europe]] (ca. 1815–1823) – first system, at least in Europe, where nations meet together to resolve disputes and maintain a [[balance of power]]. A precursor to the League of Nations and United Nations.<br />
*Adoption of the [[Metric System]] (mainly the 19th and 20th centuries) – standardized weights and measures essential for cultural and political unification<br />
*Worldwide [[Time zones]] (adopted by most of the world by 1900) – economic and cultural unification essential for political unification<br />
*[[League of Nations]] (1920)<br />
*End of [[World War II]]. A dominant liberal world order now clearly exists (even though it could be easily seen at the end of [[World War I]]), at least among the Western nations. Much talk among Europeans and their leaders over a "United States of Europe"<br />
*[[United Nations]] (1945)<br />
*[[World Bank]] and [[International Monetary Fund]] established (1945)<br />
*[[European Court of Justice]] (1952)<br />
*[[European Union]] (predecessor founded 1957)<br />
*[[European Court of Human Rights]] (1959)<br />
*Dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]] and the end of the [[Cold War]] (1991). End of the bipolar world order and the beginning of a unipolar or multipolar order, where the world generally had a degree of cooperation and unity with the occasional [[rogue state]] (they are called "rogue states" for a reason).<br />
*[[NAFTA]] (1994)<br />
*[[World Trade Organization]] (1995)<br />
*[[Schengen Area]] (1995), abolishes borders within the EU<br />
*[[International Criminal Court]] (1998)<br />
*[[Eurozone]] (1999), single currency for European countries; other nations around the world seek to emulate it<br />
*[[Donald Trump]] supports building a [[border wall]], but he is condemned as an extremist for doing so, even though the Chinese, Romans, Israelis, and many others did it successfully (2015/2016)<br />
*[[European migrant crisis|Millions of refugees pour into Europe]]. Leftist politicians want to fulfill their dream of a multicultural society rather than help refugees (2015/2016).<br />
*[[Paris climate agreement]] is formed, with nearly every nation in the world being a party to the treaty (2015). Two years later, the United States announces its intentions to withdraw and end implementation, but not without massive protest and pressure from the rest of the world (note that the opposition occurred even despite Trump not choosing to withdraw from the underlying UN treaty).<br />
*[[United Kingdom]] votes to leave the EU, and yet the socialistic organization pushes further towards federalism.<ref>Hallett, Nick (June 29, 2016). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2016/06/29/european-leaders-release-plan-eu-army-turkish-membership/ Just Days After Brexit, EU Releases Plan For Further Expansion, An EU Army, AND Turkish Membership]. ''Breitbart''. Retrieved October 14, 2016.</ref> Two years later, in 2017, the EU agrees on a plan to create a unified military.<ref>Newman, Alex (November 21, 2017). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/27431-eu-super-state-agrees-to-plan-for-eu-military EU Super-state Agrees to Plan for EU Military]. ''The New American''. Retrieved November 25, 2017.</ref><br />
*United States gives up control of [[Domain name|internet domain name system]] (2016)<ref>Solomon, Howard (October 3, 2016). [http://www.itworldcanada.com/article/new-era-in-internet-governance-starts-as-us-cedes-control-of-domain-name-system/386903 New era in Internet governance starts as US cedes control of domain name system]. ''IT World Canada''. Retrieved October 14, 2016.</ref><ref>Lieberman, Eric (September 24, 2016). [http://dailycaller.com/2016/09/24/obama-admin-wants-to-surrender-us-control-over-internet-to-global-bureaucracy/ Obama Admin Wants To Surrender US Control Over Internet To Global Bureaucracy]. ''The Daily Caller''. Retrieved October 14, 2016.</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Idea of Progress]]<br />
* [[Nationalism vs. globalism]]<br />
* [[Cultural Marxism]]<br />
* [[United Nations]]<br />
* [[Antichrist]]<br />
* [[Freemasonry]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* YouTube: [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1iIQLKzH_u8 George Bush - New World Order Speech - March 6 1991 - Part 1] [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_exbDmVim7w&feature=related Part 2]<br />
* YouTube: [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rd8wwMFmCeE&feature=related 1961 speech Eisenhower Warns us of New World Order]<br />
*[https://www.gotquestions.org/new-world-order.html What is the New World Order?] ''[[GotQuestions]]''. Retrieved March 18, 2017.<br />
*[https://www.gotquestions.org/Christian-globalization.html Should a Christian be opposed to globalization?] ''[[GotQuestions]]''. Retrieved March 18, 2017.<br />
*[https://www.gotquestions.org/United-Nations-end-times.html Does the Bible say the United Nations will have a role in the end times?] ''[[GotQuestions]]''. Retrieved March 18, 2017.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Political Terms]]<br />
[[Category:Eschatology]]<br />
[[Category:Liberalism]]<br />
[[Category:Governments]]<br />
[[Category:Globalism]]<br />
[[Category:Threats]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=One-world_government&diff=1401921One-world government2018-02-01T15:15:11Z<p>Elessar: </p>
<hr />
<div>:''For the ideology most supportive of a one-world government, see [[Globalism]]''<br />
A '''one-world government''' is a [[dystopia]]n goal popular with [[liberal]]s, [[Globalism|globalists]], and others ranging from the moderate "Right" to the Left and far-Left, in which all the [[nation]]s on [[Earth]] will (supposedly willingly) abandon their [[sovereignty]] to the will of the [[United Nations]] or some other worldwide government.<br />
<br />
Some people believe that [[President of the United States of America|U.S. President]] [[George H. W. Bush]]'s "[[New World Order]]" speech was a clue that the [[Establishment|insiders]] were about to begin their plan to establish the One-World Government.<ref>[http://www.constitution.org/col/cuddy_nwo.htm A Chronological History of the New World Order]</ref> President [[George W. Bush]] helped allay these fears with his obvious contempt for the United Nations.<br />
<br />
A one-world government is an ultimate goal of the Left. They believe in [[Idea of Progress|the concept that humanity is progressing for the better]], and they want to create a [[utopia]] where humanity is unified and where there are no wars, conflicts, or borders (cultural and national). Supranational organizations such as the [[United Nations]], [[European Union]], [[World Trade Organization]], and the [[Paris climate agreement]], appear to be the forerunners to a complete one-world government. All these organizations are supported by liberals. A one-world government is the epitome of [[big government]].<br />
<br />
Many theologically conservative Christians believe that the Earth will be united under a one-world government, based on [[Bible|Scripture]].<ref>[https://www.gotquestions.org/one-world-government.html Does the Bible prophesy a one-world government and a one-world currency in the end times?] ''[[GotQuestions]]''. Retrieved March 18, 2017.</ref> In the popular ''[[Left Behind]]'' series, the [[Antichrist]] begins his plan by subsuming America into the One-World Government. This is based on the [[Book of Revelation]]. Theologically conservative/orthodox Christians believe that the ultimate reason for the push for globalism and one-world government is rebellion against God leading up to the Antichrist – rather than submit to God and recognize that only He can unite the world and bring world peace, liberal globalists seek to create utopia themselves and glorify humanity rather than God.<ref>Hohmann, Leo (October 16, 2016). [http://www.wnd.com/2016/10/is-globalism-actually-demonic/ Is Globalism Actually Demonic?] ''WND''. Retrieved December 26, 2017.<br><br />
See also:<br />
*[https://www.gotquestions.org/Christian-globalization.html Should a Christian be opposed to globalization?] ''[[GotQuestions]]''. Retrieved December 26, 2017.</ref><br />
<br />
==Developments towards a one world government==<br />
[[File:United Nations flag.png|thumb|225px|The establishment of the [[United Nations]] served as a step toward eventually creating a one-world government]]<br />
{{See also|War on Sovereignty}}<br />
Similar to how [[homosexuality]] and its legalization was viewed by the vast majority of people 50 years prior to its actual legalization, acceptance, and encouragement by society, many people do not believe a one-world government is a realistic or serious idea that could happen in the coming centuries. However, compared to the international situation in the past, such as 1300, 1700, or even 1900 AD, the world in the early 21st century is much more culturally, economically, and politically unified than ever, and becoming increasingly so. The vast majority of the world's nations belong to the [[United Nations]] (which has an expansive bureaucracy), the [[Paris climate agreement]], and the [[World Trade Organization]], among other organizations. Leaving these organizations is considered taboo.<br />
<br />
Additionally, cultural and economic unification is key to establishing a political one-world government, as can be illustrated in the case of the European Union,<ref>Newman, Alex (August 20, 2013). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/item/16343-the-eu-regionalization-trumps-sovereignty The EU: Regionalization Trumps Sovereignty]. ''The New American''. Retrieved November 25, 2017.</ref> which established economic unity prior (free trade, single market) to political unity (no borders, unified currency, common military). Common weights and measures, such as the [[Metric System]], and other forms of economic unification, such as [[time zones]] and [[free trade]] agreements, are used worldwide, and leaving any of these is considered taboo, detrimental, or even practically unheard of.<br />
<br />
===Strategy to achieving world government===<br />
While many of those who either disbelieve or deny the existence of a "War on Sovereignty" imagine it as a very speedy attempt to instantly unite the world into a global government, those who are actively pushing for a one-world government are pursuing a relatively longsuffering strategy that will slowly merge all the countries of the world into each other prior to the official establishment of any world government. They believe this strategy to be the only way it can be successfully achieved. Zbigniew Brzezinski, an Obama advisor and member of the [[Council on Foreign Relations]] and [[Trilateral Commission]], admitted this, stating that "we cannot leap into world government in one quick step. The precondition for genuine globalization is progressive regionalization."<ref name="Perloff2009">Perloff, James (July 23, 2009). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/1213-council-on-foreign-relations Council On Foreign Relations]. ''The New American''. Retrieved November 27, 2017.</ref> Organizations such as the EU and NAFTA are examples of this "progressive regionalization."<ref name="Perloff2009"/><br />
<br />
Additionally, Richard N. Gardner, a former State Department official, wrote in 1974 that a world government could not be established in one step. Rather, he argued that "in short, the ‘house of world order’ will have to be built from the bottom up rather than from the top down," and that "an end run around national sovereignty, eroding it piece by piece, will accomplish much more than the old fashioned assault."<ref>Multiple references:<br />
*McManus, John F. (July 17, 2009). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/politics/item/2666-hillary-clinton-lets-cfr-cat-out-of-the-bag Hillary Clinton Lets CFR Cat Out of the Bag]. ''The New American''. Retrieved December 31, 2017.<br />
*Gardner, Richard N (April 1974). [http://www.apfn.org/pdf/191627-1974-CFR-R-N-Gardner-Hard-Road-to-World-Order-OCR-by-MatRoX.pdf The Hard Road to World Order]. ''Foreign Policy''. Retrieved January 7, 2018.</ref><ref name="DeepState2018">Newman, Alex (January 8, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/print-magazine/item/27866-deep-state-behind-the-deep-state-cfr-trilaterals-bilderbergs Deep State Behind the Deep State: CFR, Trilaterals, Bilderbergs]. ''The New American''. Retrieved January 9, 2017.</ref> Gardner's strategy has been fully adopted by globalists, and international organizations such as the [[World Bank]], [[International Monetary Fund]], [[World Trade Organization]], [[Paris climate agreement]], and the numerous disarmament treaties are all examples of this strategy in action – eroding sovereignty bit by bit until all the countries of the world are so integrated by the complicated web of international organizations and treaties that the official establishment of a world government can be accomplished seamlessly and would rather be a mere recognition of ''de facto'' reality.<br />
<br />
===The list===<br />
This is an incomplete list of historical developments towards globalism and a one world government:<br />
*[[Age of Exploration]]. The trend of modern [[globalization]] takes root during this time. (ca. 1400–1650 AD)<br />
*[[Congress of Vienna|Concert of Europe]] (ca. 1815–1823) – first system, at least in Europe, where nations meet together to resolve disputes and maintain a [[balance of power]]. A precursor to the League of Nations and United Nations.<br />
*Adoption of the [[Metric System]] (mainly the 19th and 20th centuries) – standardized weights and measures essential for cultural and political unification<br />
*Worldwide [[Time zones]] (adopted by most of the world by 1900) – economic and cultural unification essential for political unification<br />
*[[League of Nations]] (1920)<br />
*End of [[World War II]]. A dominant liberal world order now clearly exists (even though it could be easily seen at the end of [[World War I]]), at least among the Western nations. Much talk among Europeans and their leaders over a "United States of Europe"<br />
*[[United Nations]] (1945)<br />
*[[World Bank]] and [[International Monetary Fund]] established (1945)<br />
*[[European Court of Justice]] (1952)<br />
*[[European Union]] (predecessor founded 1957)<br />
*[[European Court of Human Rights]] (1959)<br />
*Dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]] and the end of the [[Cold War]] (1991). End of the bipolar world order and the beginning of a unipolar or multipolar order, where the world generally had a degree of cooperation and unity with the occasional [[rogue state]] (they are called "rogue states" for a reason).<br />
*[[NAFTA]] (1994)<br />
*[[World Trade Organization]] (1995)<br />
*[[Schengen Area]] (1995), abolishes borders within the EU<br />
*[[International Criminal Court]] (1998)<br />
*[[Eurozone]] (1999), single currency for European countries; other nations around the world seek to emulate it<br />
*[[Donald Trump]] supports building a [[border wall]], but he is condemned as an extremist for doing so, even though the Chinese, Romans, Israelis, and many others did it successfully (2015/2016)<br />
*[[European migrant crisis|Millions of refugees pour into Europe]]. Leftist politicians want to fulfill their dream of a multicultural society rather than help refugees (2015/2016).<br />
*[[Paris climate agreement]] is formed, with nearly every nation in the world being a party to the treaty (2015). Two years later, the United States announces its intentions to withdraw and end implementation, but not without massive protest and pressure from the rest of the world (note that the opposition occurred even despite Trump not choosing to withdraw from the underlying UN treaty).<br />
*[[United Kingdom]] votes to leave the EU, and yet the socialistic organization pushes further towards federalism.<ref>Hallett, Nick (June 29, 2016). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2016/06/29/european-leaders-release-plan-eu-army-turkish-membership/ Just Days After Brexit, EU Releases Plan For Further Expansion, An EU Army, AND Turkish Membership]. ''Breitbart''. Retrieved October 14, 2016.</ref> Two years later, in 2017, the EU agrees on a plan to create a unified military.<ref>Newman, Alex (November 21, 2017). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/27431-eu-super-state-agrees-to-plan-for-eu-military EU Super-state Agrees to Plan for EU Military]. ''The New American''. Retrieved November 25, 2017.</ref><br />
*United States gives up control of [[Domain name|internet domain name system]] (2016)<ref>Solomon, Howard (October 3, 2016). [http://www.itworldcanada.com/article/new-era-in-internet-governance-starts-as-us-cedes-control-of-domain-name-system/386903 New era in Internet governance starts as US cedes control of domain name system]. ''IT World Canada''. Retrieved October 14, 2016.</ref><ref>Lieberman, Eric (September 24, 2016). [http://dailycaller.com/2016/09/24/obama-admin-wants-to-surrender-us-control-over-internet-to-global-bureaucracy/ Obama Admin Wants To Surrender US Control Over Internet To Global Bureaucracy]. ''The Daily Caller''. Retrieved October 14, 2016.</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Idea of Progress]]<br />
* [[Nationalism vs. globalism]]<br />
* [[Cultural Marxism]]<br />
* [[United Nations]]<br />
* [[Antichrist]]<br />
* [[Freemasonry]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* YouTube: [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1iIQLKzH_u8 George Bush - New World Order Speech - March 6 1991 - Part 1] [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_exbDmVim7w&feature=related Part 2]<br />
* YouTube: [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rd8wwMFmCeE&feature=related 1961 speech Eisenhower Warns us of New World Order]<br />
*[https://www.gotquestions.org/new-world-order.html What is the New World Order?] ''[[GotQuestions]]''. Retrieved March 18, 2017.<br />
*[https://www.gotquestions.org/Christian-globalization.html Should a Christian be opposed to globalization?] ''[[GotQuestions]]''. Retrieved March 18, 2017.<br />
*[https://www.gotquestions.org/United-Nations-end-times.html Does the Bible say the United Nations will have a role in the end times?] ''[[GotQuestions]]''. Retrieved March 18, 2017.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Political Terms]]<br />
[[Category:Eschatology]]<br />
[[Category:Liberalism]]<br />
[[Category:Governments]]<br />
[[Category:Globalism]]<br />
[[Category:Threats]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=American_Solidarity_Party&diff=1401920American Solidarity Party2018-02-01T15:08:40Z<p>Elessar: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{AmericanPoliticalParty<br />
| party_name = American Solidarity Party<br />
| party_logo = [[File:Logo of the American Solidarity Party.jpg|200px|"American Solidarity Party Pelican" logo]]<br />
| leader1_title = Presidential nominee<br />
| leader1_name = [[Mike Maturen]] ([[Michigan|MI]]) <br />
|foundation = {{nowrap|Christian Democratic Party USA (2011-2012)<br>American Solidarity Party (2012-present)}}<br />
|ideology = [[Christian Democracy]]<ref name="Longenecker2016"/><br>[[Christian right]]<ref name=CDMagazine2012>{{cite web|url=http://www.christiandemocracymagazine.com/2012/12/an-interview-with-david-frost-and-kirk.html|title=An Interview with David Frost and Kirk Morrison|publisher=Christian Democracy Magazine|language=English|accessdate=23 June 2016|quote=There is a growing movement of people who adhere to Catholic Social Teaching and, because of that, find that they cannot find a home with either of the two major political parties in the United States. Their answer has been to form a political party based on Christian democratic principles. The name they have chosen is American Solidarity Party. ... Kirk, you have an article that will go into the first issue of Christian Democracy along with this interview. Christian democracy has been described as conservative on social issues and liberal on economic issues.}}</ref><br>[[Economic liberalism]]<ref name=CDMagazine2012/><br />
| fiscalpolicy = Liberal<br />
| socialpolicy = Conservative<br />
| international = Centrist Democrat International <br />
|headquarters = <br />
|chairman = Matthew Bartko<br />
|website = [http://www.solidarity-party.org/ www.solidarity-party.org]<br />
|country = United States<br />
|membership_year = <br />
|leader2_title = <br />
|position = [[Center-right]] (Moderate)<br />
|colors = Maroon<br />
| membership = }}<br />
The '''American Solidarity Party''' ('''ASP''') is a [[Christian democracy|Christian Democratic]] political party in the United States. Its motto is “Common Good, Common Ground, Common Sense.”<ref name="Longenecker2016">{{cite web|url=http://aleteia.org/2016/05/12/is-it-time-for-an-american-christian-democracy-party/|title=Is It Time for a US Christian Democracy Party?|last=Longenecker|first=Dwight|date=12 May 2016|publisher=Aleteia|language=English|accessdate=4 July 2016|quote=In 2011 the Christian Democratic Party USA was formed, and after the 2012 election it was re-named as the American Solidarity Party. Small political parties in the United States do not have a great track record, but given the choices available to Christians, the American Solidarity Party may offer a way to vote according to one’s conscience and according to their simple motto: Common Good. Common Ground. Common Sense.}}</ref> <br />
<br />
The political position of the American Solidarity Party is [[centrist]] ([[moderate]]) and as a result, its platform is [[Christian right|socially conservative]] and [[Economic liberalism|economically liberal]]. Therefore, the ASP holds to socially conservative views such as adhering to a [[pro-life]] position with regard to abortion, capital punishment and euthanasia, as well as opposition to [[same-sex marriage|same-sex "marriage"]] and opposition to [[pornography]]. With regard to economics, labor issues and foreign policy, the American Solidarity Party is liberal, seeing the "moderate [[welfare state]] as the public expression of every citizen’s responsibility for his poor brother or sister."<ref name="Longenecker">{{cite web|url=http://aleteia.org/2016/05/12/is-it-time-for-an-american-christian-democracy-party/|title=Is It Time for a US Christian Democracy Party?|last=Longenecker|first=Dwight|date=12 May 2016|publisher=Aleteia|language=English|accessdate=4 July 2016}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Mike Maturen is nominee for the American Solidarity Party in the [[2016 U.S. presidential election]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
The party was founded in 2011 as the Christian Democratic Party USA.<ref name="Longenecker2016"/> In 2012, the CDP USA endorsed the independent candidacy of Joe Schriner for President.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/pages/Average-Joe-Schriner/21304291488|title="Average Joe" Schriner|publisher=Facebook}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Shortly after the election, the CDP USA renamed itself the American Solidarity Party.<ref name="Longenecker2016"/> In March, 2013, a National Committee was created for the purpose of drafting a platform and overseeing the creation of local chapters. The Party maintains a lively [https://www.facebook.com/groups/christiandemocracyusa/ Facebook Group] as a clearing house of information and a testing ground for policy positions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/groups/christiandemocracyusa/|title=American Solidarity Party (ASP)|publisher=Facebook}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Ideology and Influences==<br />
<br />
As the name indicates, the American Solidarity Party draws its inspiration from [[Solidarity (Polish trade union)|Solidarity]] (Polish Trade Union), founded by [[Lech Walesa]] in 1980. Adhering to Christian Democracy ideology, the ASP is strongly influenced by [[Catholic Social Teaching]], as well as [[Neo-Calvinism|Neo-Calvinist]] theology. It also looks to the Christian Democratic movements in Europe and the Americas, and to American religious populists such as [[Martin Luther King]].<ref>[https://word.office.live.com/wv/WordView.aspx?FBsrc=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fdownload%2Ffile_preview.php%3Fid%3D598883350170246%26time%3D1400540388%26metadata&access_token=100000244363452%3AAVK4SOGDgmvLjp_6UWHiiktebmihmje0XJ9Qml2-WZSlnA&title=American+Solidarity+Party+Statement+of+Purpose.doc "ASP Statement of Purpose"]</ref><br />
<br />
The core principle of the American Solidarity Party is the [[Consistent Life Ethic]], understood as “respect for life and the dignity of all persons on all issues.”<ref name="live.com">{{cite web|url=https://word.office.live.com/wv/WordView.aspx?FBsrc=https://www.facebook.com/download/file_preview.php?id=598883350170246&time=1400540388&metadata&access_token=100000244363452:AVK4SOGDgmvLjp_6UWHiiktebmihmje0XJ9Qml2-WZSlnA&title=American%20Solidarity%20Party%20Statement%20of%20Purpose.doc|title=American Solidarity Party Statement of Purpose.doc|publisher=facebook.com}}</ref> Like other social conservatives, the ASP opposes abortion, euthanasia, and embryonic stem cell research, but it differs from many of them by rejecting capital punishment and holding to [[Just War]] principles in foreign policy. It regards economic justice as an essential aspect of respect for human life.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://word.office.live.com/wv/WordView.aspx?FBsrc=https://www.facebook.com/download/file_preview.php?id=1414165295518712&time=1400540479&metadata&access_token=100000244363452:AVJgcbOF9uFI31nIntTZMU5Xtvt58N0mawqlSy1oYkeUzg&title=ASP%20Consistent%20Life%20Ethic%20Platform.doc|title=ASP Consistent Life Ethic Platform.doc|publisher=facebook.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
The American Solidarity Party also calls for fair labor practices and the strengthening of labor organizations, a wider distribution of wealth and productive property, the provision of decent health care to all members of society, responsible stewardship of the environment, and policies that strengthen the family and civil society.<ref name="live.com"/><br />
<br />
==Party Symbols==<br />
<br />
The ASP mascot is the [[Pelican]], a traditional [[Christian symbol]] of charity. The Party’s color is maroon.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
<!--{{Portal|Christian democracy|Conservatism}}--><br />
* [[Alliance Defending Freedom]]<br />
* [[Campaign Life Coalition]]<br />
* [[Christian right]]<br />
* [[Consistent Life Ethic]]<br />
* [[Family Research Council]]<br />
* [[Liberty Legal Institute|First Liberty Institute]]<br />
* [[Socially conservative and fiscally liberal political parties]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using tags, these references will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.solidarity-party.org/ ASP Official website]<br />
* [https://www.facebook.com/AmericanSolidarityParty ASP Facebook page]<br />
* [https://www.facebook.com/groups/christiandemocracyusa/ ASP Facebook group] <br />
{{Conservatism}}<br />
[[Category:United States Political Parties]]<br />
[[Category:United States Political Organizations]]<br />
[[Category:Pro-life]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Conservapedia_talk:Userboxes/Computers&diff=1401919Conservapedia talk:Userboxes/Computers2018-02-01T15:01:32Z<p>Elessar: </p>
<hr />
<div>Someone, add this please. '''[[user:FernoKlump|<font color="#000066" >FernoKlump</font>]]''' 00:43, 7 June 2008 (EDT)<br />
{{Template:User comp-6}}{{clear}}<br />
: I've unlocked the page. [[User:Philip J. Rayment|Philip J. Rayment]] 02:22, 7 June 2008 (EDT)<br />
:: thanks '''[[user:FernoKlump|<font color="#000066" >FernoKlump</font>]]''' 16:19, 7 June 2008 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==CP should do better==<br />
Comp-5 to Comp-6 are silly, dumb and weird. Please eliminate those user boxes. The user who wished one of them (see above) is anyway blocked. --[[User:Elessar|Elessar]] ([[User talk:Elessar|talk]]) 10:01, 1 February 2018 (EST)</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Konrad_Adenauer&diff=1401918Konrad Adenauer2018-02-01T14:49:47Z<p>Elessar: /* Domestic policies */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Konrad Adenauer''' (1876-1967) was the first chancellor (top official) of the Federal Republic of Germany ('''FRG''', called '''West Germany'''), 1949-63. He was the founder and leader of the [[Christian Democratic Union]] ('''CDU'''), a coalition of Catholics and Protestants that since 1946 has generally dominated German politics. Allegedly a devout Catholic, he belied his age as the oldest elected leader in world history by his intense work habits and his uncanny political instinct. He displayed a strong dedication to a broad vision of democracy, capitalism, and anti-Communism. A stern patriarch and shrewd politician, Adenauer did as being deeply committed to the traditional values of Christianity and pursued a single-mindedly Western-oriented foreign policy, but he in fact joined NATO only when he failed to establish a European army. He restored the West Germany economy to dominance in Europe, rebuilt its army, came to terms with France, fought apparently relentlessly against the Communists in rival [[East Germany]], and made his nation a pillar of [[NATO]] (after joining it rather unwillingly) and a firm ally of the United States. He brought Germany prosperity, democracy and stability. Secretly he was a [[Rotary Club|Rotarian]] who laid the foundation stone of [[European Union|European centralizaton]] which is one step in World Communism's long-time strategy to dominate the world. Adenauer openly advocated the annihilation of European nation states and the foundation of a European republic. To a large extent Adenauer's policies still dominate Germany.[[File:Adenauer1.jpg|thumb|230px]]<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Adenauer was born in 1876, in Cologne, the son of a poor law clerk. He became a lawyer and a civil servant in Cologne, specializing in local taxation. Adenauer was elected a deputy mayor, then senior deputy mayor (1911), and served as lord high mayor of Cologne 1917-33. <br />
<br />
In 1930, Mayor Adenauer and [[Henry Ford]] laid the cornerstone for a Ford automobile factory in that Rhineland city. Adenauer had aggressively courted Ford, hoping to increase the tax base and find jobs for his constituents, who were hard hit by the Depression. For Ford, the deal meant that he had a foothold in one of the greatest commercial and industrial cities in Germany. <br />
<br />
Adenauer played a leading role in German national politics as a member of the Catholic [[Center Party]]. From 1917 to 1933 he served in the provincial diet of the Rhineland and in the Prussian state council as a representative of the Center Party. He later became president of the council and was also a member of the executive committee of the Center Party. In 1926 Adenauer publicly advocated a political union of Protestants and Catholics. He hoped to oppose the philosophy of the socialist [[class struggle]] with a program for a Christian social order of society.<br />
==Nazi Era==<br />
In 1933 Adenauer was dismissed from all his positions by the Hitler regime for "crimes against the German people." For 11 years he lived quietly near Bonn. In late 1944 the Gestapo put him in a concentration camp. <br />
<br />
After Germany's surrender in May 1945 the Americans reinstalled Adenauer as lord mayor of Cologne. A few months later he was dismissed by the British, when Cologne was made part of their occupation zone, "for reasons of political incompetence"—that is, for negotiating with the French about a separate Rhineland.<br />
<br />
==West Germany==<br />
Adenauer became one of the founders of the [[Christian Democratic Union]] (CDU), a conservative coalition of Catholics and Protestants whose aim was to rebuild a shattered Germany in the Christian spirit. Adenauer insisted there be harmony between Protestants and Catholics in the new party.<br />
<br />
After the religious nihilism of the Nazi era the moral and political authority of the Catholic Church grew immensely. The Church participated in the working out of the West German constitution. The Church acknowledged the authority of the state as a guarantor of law and order, as long as that order concurred with Christian-Humanistic doctrine. The Church formed an independent organism within the state. By the 1960s, however, German society was becoming much more secular, and the Catholic Church also lost its unity. <br />
<br />
In the state of [[Bavaria]] the counterpart of the CDU is the entirely separate '''[[Christian Social Union of Bavaria|Christian Social Union]]''' ('''CSU'''), which operates only in Bavaria. The CDU stays out of Bavaria and in national affairs the CDU and CSU always collaborate.<br />
<br />
==Chancellor==<br />
In 1946, at age 70, his great political career really began. Adenauer became CDU party leader and won a series of electoral battles against the chief rival, the [[Social Democratic Party]] (SPD), the former Socialist party. The three western zones of occupation merged into West Germany and in 1948 he became president of the parliamentary council, charged with designing a democratic constitution for the German Federal Republic. In 1949, the first German Federal Diet elected him chancellor. He was re-elected in 1953, 1957, and 1961. He was forced to retire in 1963 after mishandling the [[Berlin Wall]] crisis, but remained the powerful head of the CDU until his death. He was succeeded as chancellor by his economics minister [[Ludwig Erhard]] (1897-1977), who was chancellor 1963-66.<br />
<br />
===Domestic policies===<br />
Adenauer's always hewed to a few fundamental principles. He opposed the agglomeration of economic and political power in the hands of the state—the goal of the Socialists, saying it was a danger for the freedom of the individual. He promoted a division of power between business and the state, in which a limited, controlling function devolves upon the state, offers greater guarantees for the preservation of personal liberties.<br />
<br />
Adenauer worked with the economics minister Erhard to promote free enterprise, reduce regulation, strengthen the mark (the currency before the Euro), and promote economic "liberalism" especially in collaboration with the small but influential Free Democratic Party ('''FDP''')<ref>The term "liberalism" in Germany was then similar to "libertarianism" in the U.S.</ref> He did not oppose labor unions because he needed their support for his foreign policy.<br />
<br />
Doing like being opposed to far-leftism, Adenauer acted to make the neo-Nazi Socialist Reich Party illegal in 1952 and the Communist Party illegal in 1956. <br />
<br />
He tried but failed to make radio broadcasting a government monopoly.<br />
<br />
===Foreign policies===<br />
In foreign policy Adenauer regarded as essential the conclusive settlement of Germany's see-saw policy between East and West, which in his opinion brought to the German people the disasters of the two world wars. He bound Germany firmly to the democratic West. His uncompromising hostility toward the Soviet Union was major element in the [[Cold War]], as it led to rearmament and the creation of a strong German army.<br />
<br />
====Resolving fears of Germany====<br />
Adenauer traded West German renunciation of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons (ABC weapons) for Western Allied approval of near-sovereignty for West Germany at the London Nine-Power (United States, Canada, Britain, France, Italy, the Benelux countries, and West Germany) Conference in 1954, thereby meeting French security demands and recognizing the special status of the United States, Britain, and France as nuclear powers. West Germans were quite ready to accept a last-recourse Allied right of intervention because this right also preserved German reunification claims. <br />
<br />
Adenauer's diplomats quelled the fears and anger of American Jewish groups and worked to convince them of Germany's reforms on a personal as well as a national level. These efforts included the<br />
Adenauer's support of the state of [[Israel]] and its agreement to pay compensation to that country as well as to individual victims of the Nazi [[Holocaust]], which made it difficult to doubt West Germany's good intentions.<br />
<br />
====German rearmament====<br />
Germany was disarmed until 1955, when Adenauer finally convinced his NATO allies that a German Army was both trustworthy and essential. The 1954 Treaties of Paris established the participation of the FRG in NATO and its rearmament. The new army made West Germany the strongest Central European power. After President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] adopted the New Look policy aimed at reducing conventional forces and making nuclear arms the central element both of deterrence and defense in case of war, the German military remained bound to the old system, which envisioned fighting off a Soviet invasion through the "Fulda Gap" in central Germany. In 1956 the United States planned to drastically reduce its armed forces and strengthen American nuclear superiority. Adenauer then understood that without nuclear weapons his country would be less powerful than Britain or France. He learned that nuclear arms for Germany was politically unacceptable in Europe. Hoping that the availability of nuclear weapons would increase deterrence, he supported the assignment of nuclear warheads to West Germany by the United States.<br />
<br />
Now with an army he was in a position to go to Moscow in 1955 and secure the release—after a decade—of German soldiers from World War II held in Soviet POW camps. In return Moscow and Bonn exchanged ambassadors. (The German capital was in Bonn, not in Berlin, for the wartime Allies controlled Berlin until 1991.)<br />
====European Unity====<br />
Adenauer realized the bonding of the French and German economies was the necessary precondition of western European economic integration. He moved for closer ties with French occupation officials. The French responded favorably, producing an economic rapprochement that led to West German membership in the European Community. The steady growth of Franco-German trade promoted political understanding between the two states and enabled France to make fundamental structural changes in her economy. This could not be accomplished along exclusively bilateral lines, but the Rome Treaties negotiations led France to move toward multilateral negotiations. French interest in nuclear research and the Suez Canal debacle strengthened this movement. With the establishment of the European Economic Community, France and West Germany were able to deal with western European problems as partners. <br />
<br />
In negotiating the Schuman Plan to create the European Coal and Steel Community from 1950 to 1952, the key figures - [[Jean Monnet]], [[Robert Schuman]], and Adenauer- battled determinedly and effectively both for the ideal of a new era of Franco-German understanding and for pragmatic economic political interests of both countries. One serious stumbling block was the status of the [[Saar]] region, which France now controlled. (1876-1967) over the status of the Saar. The French claimed that the economic union of the Saar with France was essential and that the Saar be neither French nor German politically but that it be Europeanized. The German position was that the Saar was German politically and culturally and therefore could not be French economically. France allowed a plebiscite and the Saar joined Germany in 1957.co<br />
<br />
France and West Germany were brought together by common interests starting from 1955, but did not agree with regard to European union and relations with the United States. In 1955 France was pleased by the Geneva conferences that left Germany divided. Furthermore, the Rome treaties of 1957 established the [[Common Market]] limited to six countries, a solution advocated by France against the larger union envisioned by Adenauer. [[Charles De Gaulle]] proposed establishing a European political organization anchored on a Franco-German alliance independent of the United States. Adenauer agreed to this project as preferable to a London-Paris-Washington alliance. However, Adenauer underestimated De Gaulle's intent to destroy the Atlantic alliance, and De Gaulle did not understand that West Germany would never substitute French support for that of the United States. [[John F. Kennedy]]'s policy toward the Soviets and the fear of American abandonment of Europe contributed to the agreements between De Gaulle and Adenauer that culminated in the Elysée treaty in 1963. <br />
=====Labor unions=====<br />
To achieve European centralization, Adenauer needed the cooperation of the labor union, which mostly supported the opposition SPD. The German Federation of Trade Unions (DGB) saw itself in a political role, and largely favored the idea of "European integration". A key test of its European credentials was its attitude toward the [[Schuman Plan]], proposed by France, for a common market for coal, iron, and steel. The DGB accepted the plan following its entry in 1949 into the International Federation of Free Trade Unions, though it was aware of the risk of internal tensions and friction with SPD politicians. The issue also became interwoven with the Pleven Plan to create a European defense community. The agreement that was finally reached between Adenauer and the DGB involved some compromise on the issue of equal union participation in the coal and steel industry, but was not a "deal" based on prior concessions. Adenauer's dealings with the DGB leadership showed cool calculation, and their close cooperation reflected the DGB's sense of political responsibility and general enthusiasm for European centralization.<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
* Cudlipp, E. ''Adenauer'' (1985)<br />
* Granieri, Ronald J. ''The Ambivalent Alliance: Konrad Adenauer, the CDU/CSU, and the West, 1949-1966'' (2004) 250 pages [http://books.google.com/books?id=gL0BUSQOc1EC&dq=intitle:Konrad+intitle:Adenauer&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=3&as_pt=ALLTYPES excerpt and text search] <br />
* Heidenheimer, Arnold J. ''Adenauer and the CDU: the Rise of the Leader and the Integration of the Party'' (1960)<br />
* Hiscocks, Richard. ''The Adenauer Era'' (1966)<br />
* Rovan, Joseph. ''Konrad Adenauer'' (1987) 182 pages [http://books.google.com/books?id=3dHtW4yojJIC&dq=intitle:Konrad+intitle:Adenauer&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=3&as_pt=ALLTYPES excerpt and text search] <br />
* Schwarz, Hans-Peter. ''Konrad Adenauer: A German Politician and Statesman in a Period of War, Revolution and Reconstruction. Vol. 1: From the German Empire to the Federal Republic, 1876-1952.''<br />
** Schwarz, Hans-Peter. ''vol 2: Konrad Adenauer a German politician and statesman in a period of war, revolution and reconstruction'' (1995) 759 pp. [http://books.google.com/books?id=T4vQw1RNkQ8C&dq=intitle:Konrad+intitle:Adenauer+intitle:A+intitle:German+intitle:Politician+intitle:and+intitle:Statesman&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES excerpt and text search vol 2]; also [http://www.questia.com/read/98804131 full text online]<br />
* Williams, Charles. ''Konrad Adenauer: The Father of the New Germany'' (2001), 624pp <br />
<br />
===Primary sources===<br />
* Adenauer, Konrad. ''Memoirs'', (4 vols. English edition 1966-70)<br />
==Notes==<br />
<references /><br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Adenauer, Konrad}}<br />
<br />
{{German Chancellors}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:German People]]<br />
[[Category:German History]]<br />
[[Category:Cold War]]<br />
[[Category:Catholic Politicians]]<br />
[[Category:German Chancellors]]<br />
[[Category:Christian Democrat Union politicians]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Konrad_Adenauer&diff=1401917Konrad Adenauer2018-02-01T14:48:10Z<p>Elessar: /* Labor unions */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Konrad Adenauer''' (1876-1967) was the first chancellor (top official) of the Federal Republic of Germany ('''FRG''', called '''West Germany'''), 1949-63. He was the founder and leader of the [[Christian Democratic Union]] ('''CDU'''), a coalition of Catholics and Protestants that since 1946 has generally dominated German politics. Allegedly a devout Catholic, he belied his age as the oldest elected leader in world history by his intense work habits and his uncanny political instinct. He displayed a strong dedication to a broad vision of democracy, capitalism, and anti-Communism. A stern patriarch and shrewd politician, Adenauer did as being deeply committed to the traditional values of Christianity and pursued a single-mindedly Western-oriented foreign policy, but he in fact joined NATO only when he failed to establish a European army. He restored the West Germany economy to dominance in Europe, rebuilt its army, came to terms with France, fought apparently relentlessly against the Communists in rival [[East Germany]], and made his nation a pillar of [[NATO]] (after joining it rather unwillingly) and a firm ally of the United States. He brought Germany prosperity, democracy and stability. Secretly he was a [[Rotary Club|Rotarian]] who laid the foundation stone of [[European Union|European centralizaton]] which is one step in World Communism's long-time strategy to dominate the world. Adenauer openly advocated the annihilation of European nation states and the foundation of a European republic. To a large extent Adenauer's policies still dominate Germany.[[File:Adenauer1.jpg|thumb|230px]]<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Adenauer was born in 1876, in Cologne, the son of a poor law clerk. He became a lawyer and a civil servant in Cologne, specializing in local taxation. Adenauer was elected a deputy mayor, then senior deputy mayor (1911), and served as lord high mayor of Cologne 1917-33. <br />
<br />
In 1930, Mayor Adenauer and [[Henry Ford]] laid the cornerstone for a Ford automobile factory in that Rhineland city. Adenauer had aggressively courted Ford, hoping to increase the tax base and find jobs for his constituents, who were hard hit by the Depression. For Ford, the deal meant that he had a foothold in one of the greatest commercial and industrial cities in Germany. <br />
<br />
Adenauer played a leading role in German national politics as a member of the Catholic [[Center Party]]. From 1917 to 1933 he served in the provincial diet of the Rhineland and in the Prussian state council as a representative of the Center Party. He later became president of the council and was also a member of the executive committee of the Center Party. In 1926 Adenauer publicly advocated a political union of Protestants and Catholics. He hoped to oppose the philosophy of the socialist [[class struggle]] with a program for a Christian social order of society.<br />
==Nazi Era==<br />
In 1933 Adenauer was dismissed from all his positions by the Hitler regime for "crimes against the German people." For 11 years he lived quietly near Bonn. In late 1944 the Gestapo put him in a concentration camp. <br />
<br />
After Germany's surrender in May 1945 the Americans reinstalled Adenauer as lord mayor of Cologne. A few months later he was dismissed by the British, when Cologne was made part of their occupation zone, "for reasons of political incompetence"—that is, for negotiating with the French about a separate Rhineland.<br />
<br />
==West Germany==<br />
Adenauer became one of the founders of the [[Christian Democratic Union]] (CDU), a conservative coalition of Catholics and Protestants whose aim was to rebuild a shattered Germany in the Christian spirit. Adenauer insisted there be harmony between Protestants and Catholics in the new party.<br />
<br />
After the religious nihilism of the Nazi era the moral and political authority of the Catholic Church grew immensely. The Church participated in the working out of the West German constitution. The Church acknowledged the authority of the state as a guarantor of law and order, as long as that order concurred with Christian-Humanistic doctrine. The Church formed an independent organism within the state. By the 1960s, however, German society was becoming much more secular, and the Catholic Church also lost its unity. <br />
<br />
In the state of [[Bavaria]] the counterpart of the CDU is the entirely separate '''[[Christian Social Union of Bavaria|Christian Social Union]]''' ('''CSU'''), which operates only in Bavaria. The CDU stays out of Bavaria and in national affairs the CDU and CSU always collaborate.<br />
<br />
==Chancellor==<br />
In 1946, at age 70, his great political career really began. Adenauer became CDU party leader and won a series of electoral battles against the chief rival, the [[Social Democratic Party]] (SPD), the former Socialist party. The three western zones of occupation merged into West Germany and in 1948 he became president of the parliamentary council, charged with designing a democratic constitution for the German Federal Republic. In 1949, the first German Federal Diet elected him chancellor. He was re-elected in 1953, 1957, and 1961. He was forced to retire in 1963 after mishandling the [[Berlin Wall]] crisis, but remained the powerful head of the CDU until his death. He was succeeded as chancellor by his economics minister [[Ludwig Erhard]] (1897-1977), who was chancellor 1963-66.<br />
<br />
===Domestic policies===<br />
Adenauer's always hewed to a few fundamental principles. He opposed the agglomeration of economic and political power in the hands of the state—the goal of the Socialists, saying it was a danger for the freedom of the individual. He promoted a division of power between business and the state, in which a limited, controlling function devolves upon the state, offers greater guarantees for the preservation of personal liberties.<br />
<br />
Adenauer worked with the economics minister Erhard to promote free enterprise, reduce regulation, strengthen the mark (the currency before the Euro), and promote economic "liberalism" especially in collaboration with the small but influential Free Democratic Party ('''FDP''')<ref>The term "liberalism" in Germany was then similar to "libertarianism" in the U.S.</ref> He did not oppose labor unions because he needed their support for his foreign policy.<br />
<br />
Opposed to leftism, Adenauer acted to make the neo-Nazi Socialist Reich Party illegal in 1952 and the Communist Party illegal in 1956. <br />
<br />
He tried but failed to make radio broadcasting a government monopoly.<br />
<br />
===Foreign policies===<br />
In foreign policy Adenauer regarded as essential the conclusive settlement of Germany's see-saw policy between East and West, which in his opinion brought to the German people the disasters of the two world wars. He bound Germany firmly to the democratic West. His uncompromising hostility toward the Soviet Union was major element in the [[Cold War]], as it led to rearmament and the creation of a strong German army.<br />
<br />
====Resolving fears of Germany====<br />
Adenauer traded West German renunciation of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons (ABC weapons) for Western Allied approval of near-sovereignty for West Germany at the London Nine-Power (United States, Canada, Britain, France, Italy, the Benelux countries, and West Germany) Conference in 1954, thereby meeting French security demands and recognizing the special status of the United States, Britain, and France as nuclear powers. West Germans were quite ready to accept a last-recourse Allied right of intervention because this right also preserved German reunification claims. <br />
<br />
Adenauer's diplomats quelled the fears and anger of American Jewish groups and worked to convince them of Germany's reforms on a personal as well as a national level. These efforts included the<br />
Adenauer's support of the state of [[Israel]] and its agreement to pay compensation to that country as well as to individual victims of the Nazi [[Holocaust]], which made it difficult to doubt West Germany's good intentions.<br />
<br />
====German rearmament====<br />
Germany was disarmed until 1955, when Adenauer finally convinced his NATO allies that a German Army was both trustworthy and essential. The 1954 Treaties of Paris established the participation of the FRG in NATO and its rearmament. The new army made West Germany the strongest Central European power. After President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] adopted the New Look policy aimed at reducing conventional forces and making nuclear arms the central element both of deterrence and defense in case of war, the German military remained bound to the old system, which envisioned fighting off a Soviet invasion through the "Fulda Gap" in central Germany. In 1956 the United States planned to drastically reduce its armed forces and strengthen American nuclear superiority. Adenauer then understood that without nuclear weapons his country would be less powerful than Britain or France. He learned that nuclear arms for Germany was politically unacceptable in Europe. Hoping that the availability of nuclear weapons would increase deterrence, he supported the assignment of nuclear warheads to West Germany by the United States.<br />
<br />
Now with an army he was in a position to go to Moscow in 1955 and secure the release—after a decade—of German soldiers from World War II held in Soviet POW camps. In return Moscow and Bonn exchanged ambassadors. (The German capital was in Bonn, not in Berlin, for the wartime Allies controlled Berlin until 1991.)<br />
====European Unity====<br />
Adenauer realized the bonding of the French and German economies was the necessary precondition of western European economic integration. He moved for closer ties with French occupation officials. The French responded favorably, producing an economic rapprochement that led to West German membership in the European Community. The steady growth of Franco-German trade promoted political understanding between the two states and enabled France to make fundamental structural changes in her economy. This could not be accomplished along exclusively bilateral lines, but the Rome Treaties negotiations led France to move toward multilateral negotiations. French interest in nuclear research and the Suez Canal debacle strengthened this movement. With the establishment of the European Economic Community, France and West Germany were able to deal with western European problems as partners. <br />
<br />
In negotiating the Schuman Plan to create the European Coal and Steel Community from 1950 to 1952, the key figures - [[Jean Monnet]], [[Robert Schuman]], and Adenauer- battled determinedly and effectively both for the ideal of a new era of Franco-German understanding and for pragmatic economic political interests of both countries. One serious stumbling block was the status of the [[Saar]] region, which France now controlled. (1876-1967) over the status of the Saar. The French claimed that the economic union of the Saar with France was essential and that the Saar be neither French nor German politically but that it be Europeanized. The German position was that the Saar was German politically and culturally and therefore could not be French economically. France allowed a plebiscite and the Saar joined Germany in 1957.co<br />
<br />
France and West Germany were brought together by common interests starting from 1955, but did not agree with regard to European union and relations with the United States. In 1955 France was pleased by the Geneva conferences that left Germany divided. Furthermore, the Rome treaties of 1957 established the [[Common Market]] limited to six countries, a solution advocated by France against the larger union envisioned by Adenauer. [[Charles De Gaulle]] proposed establishing a European political organization anchored on a Franco-German alliance independent of the United States. Adenauer agreed to this project as preferable to a London-Paris-Washington alliance. However, Adenauer underestimated De Gaulle's intent to destroy the Atlantic alliance, and De Gaulle did not understand that West Germany would never substitute French support for that of the United States. [[John F. Kennedy]]'s policy toward the Soviets and the fear of American abandonment of Europe contributed to the agreements between De Gaulle and Adenauer that culminated in the Elysée treaty in 1963. <br />
=====Labor unions=====<br />
To achieve European centralization, Adenauer needed the cooperation of the labor union, which mostly supported the opposition SPD. The German Federation of Trade Unions (DGB) saw itself in a political role, and largely favored the idea of "European integration". A key test of its European credentials was its attitude toward the [[Schuman Plan]], proposed by France, for a common market for coal, iron, and steel. The DGB accepted the plan following its entry in 1949 into the International Federation of Free Trade Unions, though it was aware of the risk of internal tensions and friction with SPD politicians. The issue also became interwoven with the Pleven Plan to create a European defense community. The agreement that was finally reached between Adenauer and the DGB involved some compromise on the issue of equal union participation in the coal and steel industry, but was not a "deal" based on prior concessions. Adenauer's dealings with the DGB leadership showed cool calculation, and their close cooperation reflected the DGB's sense of political responsibility and general enthusiasm for European centralization.<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
* Cudlipp, E. ''Adenauer'' (1985)<br />
* Granieri, Ronald J. ''The Ambivalent Alliance: Konrad Adenauer, the CDU/CSU, and the West, 1949-1966'' (2004) 250 pages [http://books.google.com/books?id=gL0BUSQOc1EC&dq=intitle:Konrad+intitle:Adenauer&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=3&as_pt=ALLTYPES excerpt and text search] <br />
* Heidenheimer, Arnold J. ''Adenauer and the CDU: the Rise of the Leader and the Integration of the Party'' (1960)<br />
* Hiscocks, Richard. ''The Adenauer Era'' (1966)<br />
* Rovan, Joseph. ''Konrad Adenauer'' (1987) 182 pages [http://books.google.com/books?id=3dHtW4yojJIC&dq=intitle:Konrad+intitle:Adenauer&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=3&as_pt=ALLTYPES excerpt and text search] <br />
* Schwarz, Hans-Peter. ''Konrad Adenauer: A German Politician and Statesman in a Period of War, Revolution and Reconstruction. Vol. 1: From the German Empire to the Federal Republic, 1876-1952.''<br />
** Schwarz, Hans-Peter. ''vol 2: Konrad Adenauer a German politician and statesman in a period of war, revolution and reconstruction'' (1995) 759 pp. [http://books.google.com/books?id=T4vQw1RNkQ8C&dq=intitle:Konrad+intitle:Adenauer+intitle:A+intitle:German+intitle:Politician+intitle:and+intitle:Statesman&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES excerpt and text search vol 2]; also [http://www.questia.com/read/98804131 full text online]<br />
* Williams, Charles. ''Konrad Adenauer: The Father of the New Germany'' (2001), 624pp <br />
<br />
===Primary sources===<br />
* Adenauer, Konrad. ''Memoirs'', (4 vols. English edition 1966-70)<br />
==Notes==<br />
<references /><br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Adenauer, Konrad}}<br />
<br />
{{German Chancellors}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:German People]]<br />
[[Category:German History]]<br />
[[Category:Cold War]]<br />
[[Category:Catholic Politicians]]<br />
[[Category:German Chancellors]]<br />
[[Category:Christian Democrat Union politicians]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Konrad_Adenauer&diff=1401916Konrad Adenauer2018-02-01T14:46:00Z<p>Elessar: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Konrad Adenauer''' (1876-1967) was the first chancellor (top official) of the Federal Republic of Germany ('''FRG''', called '''West Germany'''), 1949-63. He was the founder and leader of the [[Christian Democratic Union]] ('''CDU'''), a coalition of Catholics and Protestants that since 1946 has generally dominated German politics. Allegedly a devout Catholic, he belied his age as the oldest elected leader in world history by his intense work habits and his uncanny political instinct. He displayed a strong dedication to a broad vision of democracy, capitalism, and anti-Communism. A stern patriarch and shrewd politician, Adenauer did as being deeply committed to the traditional values of Christianity and pursued a single-mindedly Western-oriented foreign policy, but he in fact joined NATO only when he failed to establish a European army. He restored the West Germany economy to dominance in Europe, rebuilt its army, came to terms with France, fought apparently relentlessly against the Communists in rival [[East Germany]], and made his nation a pillar of [[NATO]] (after joining it rather unwillingly) and a firm ally of the United States. He brought Germany prosperity, democracy and stability. Secretly he was a [[Rotary Club|Rotarian]] who laid the foundation stone of [[European Union|European centralizaton]] which is one step in World Communism's long-time strategy to dominate the world. Adenauer openly advocated the annihilation of European nation states and the foundation of a European republic. To a large extent Adenauer's policies still dominate Germany.[[File:Adenauer1.jpg|thumb|230px]]<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Adenauer was born in 1876, in Cologne, the son of a poor law clerk. He became a lawyer and a civil servant in Cologne, specializing in local taxation. Adenauer was elected a deputy mayor, then senior deputy mayor (1911), and served as lord high mayor of Cologne 1917-33. <br />
<br />
In 1930, Mayor Adenauer and [[Henry Ford]] laid the cornerstone for a Ford automobile factory in that Rhineland city. Adenauer had aggressively courted Ford, hoping to increase the tax base and find jobs for his constituents, who were hard hit by the Depression. For Ford, the deal meant that he had a foothold in one of the greatest commercial and industrial cities in Germany. <br />
<br />
Adenauer played a leading role in German national politics as a member of the Catholic [[Center Party]]. From 1917 to 1933 he served in the provincial diet of the Rhineland and in the Prussian state council as a representative of the Center Party. He later became president of the council and was also a member of the executive committee of the Center Party. In 1926 Adenauer publicly advocated a political union of Protestants and Catholics. He hoped to oppose the philosophy of the socialist [[class struggle]] with a program for a Christian social order of society.<br />
==Nazi Era==<br />
In 1933 Adenauer was dismissed from all his positions by the Hitler regime for "crimes against the German people." For 11 years he lived quietly near Bonn. In late 1944 the Gestapo put him in a concentration camp. <br />
<br />
After Germany's surrender in May 1945 the Americans reinstalled Adenauer as lord mayor of Cologne. A few months later he was dismissed by the British, when Cologne was made part of their occupation zone, "for reasons of political incompetence"—that is, for negotiating with the French about a separate Rhineland.<br />
<br />
==West Germany==<br />
Adenauer became one of the founders of the [[Christian Democratic Union]] (CDU), a conservative coalition of Catholics and Protestants whose aim was to rebuild a shattered Germany in the Christian spirit. Adenauer insisted there be harmony between Protestants and Catholics in the new party.<br />
<br />
After the religious nihilism of the Nazi era the moral and political authority of the Catholic Church grew immensely. The Church participated in the working out of the West German constitution. The Church acknowledged the authority of the state as a guarantor of law and order, as long as that order concurred with Christian-Humanistic doctrine. The Church formed an independent organism within the state. By the 1960s, however, German society was becoming much more secular, and the Catholic Church also lost its unity. <br />
<br />
In the state of [[Bavaria]] the counterpart of the CDU is the entirely separate '''[[Christian Social Union of Bavaria|Christian Social Union]]''' ('''CSU'''), which operates only in Bavaria. The CDU stays out of Bavaria and in national affairs the CDU and CSU always collaborate.<br />
<br />
==Chancellor==<br />
In 1946, at age 70, his great political career really began. Adenauer became CDU party leader and won a series of electoral battles against the chief rival, the [[Social Democratic Party]] (SPD), the former Socialist party. The three western zones of occupation merged into West Germany and in 1948 he became president of the parliamentary council, charged with designing a democratic constitution for the German Federal Republic. In 1949, the first German Federal Diet elected him chancellor. He was re-elected in 1953, 1957, and 1961. He was forced to retire in 1963 after mishandling the [[Berlin Wall]] crisis, but remained the powerful head of the CDU until his death. He was succeeded as chancellor by his economics minister [[Ludwig Erhard]] (1897-1977), who was chancellor 1963-66.<br />
<br />
===Domestic policies===<br />
Adenauer's always hewed to a few fundamental principles. He opposed the agglomeration of economic and political power in the hands of the state—the goal of the Socialists, saying it was a danger for the freedom of the individual. He promoted a division of power between business and the state, in which a limited, controlling function devolves upon the state, offers greater guarantees for the preservation of personal liberties.<br />
<br />
Adenauer worked with the economics minister Erhard to promote free enterprise, reduce regulation, strengthen the mark (the currency before the Euro), and promote economic "liberalism" especially in collaboration with the small but influential Free Democratic Party ('''FDP''')<ref>The term "liberalism" in Germany was then similar to "libertarianism" in the U.S.</ref> He did not oppose labor unions because he needed their support for his foreign policy.<br />
<br />
Opposed to leftism, Adenauer acted to make the neo-Nazi Socialist Reich Party illegal in 1952 and the Communist Party illegal in 1956. <br />
<br />
He tried but failed to make radio broadcasting a government monopoly.<br />
<br />
===Foreign policies===<br />
In foreign policy Adenauer regarded as essential the conclusive settlement of Germany's see-saw policy between East and West, which in his opinion brought to the German people the disasters of the two world wars. He bound Germany firmly to the democratic West. His uncompromising hostility toward the Soviet Union was major element in the [[Cold War]], as it led to rearmament and the creation of a strong German army.<br />
<br />
====Resolving fears of Germany====<br />
Adenauer traded West German renunciation of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons (ABC weapons) for Western Allied approval of near-sovereignty for West Germany at the London Nine-Power (United States, Canada, Britain, France, Italy, the Benelux countries, and West Germany) Conference in 1954, thereby meeting French security demands and recognizing the special status of the United States, Britain, and France as nuclear powers. West Germans were quite ready to accept a last-recourse Allied right of intervention because this right also preserved German reunification claims. <br />
<br />
Adenauer's diplomats quelled the fears and anger of American Jewish groups and worked to convince them of Germany's reforms on a personal as well as a national level. These efforts included the<br />
Adenauer's support of the state of [[Israel]] and its agreement to pay compensation to that country as well as to individual victims of the Nazi [[Holocaust]], which made it difficult to doubt West Germany's good intentions.<br />
<br />
====German rearmament====<br />
Germany was disarmed until 1955, when Adenauer finally convinced his NATO allies that a German Army was both trustworthy and essential. The 1954 Treaties of Paris established the participation of the FRG in NATO and its rearmament. The new army made West Germany the strongest Central European power. After President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] adopted the New Look policy aimed at reducing conventional forces and making nuclear arms the central element both of deterrence and defense in case of war, the German military remained bound to the old system, which envisioned fighting off a Soviet invasion through the "Fulda Gap" in central Germany. In 1956 the United States planned to drastically reduce its armed forces and strengthen American nuclear superiority. Adenauer then understood that without nuclear weapons his country would be less powerful than Britain or France. He learned that nuclear arms for Germany was politically unacceptable in Europe. Hoping that the availability of nuclear weapons would increase deterrence, he supported the assignment of nuclear warheads to West Germany by the United States.<br />
<br />
Now with an army he was in a position to go to Moscow in 1955 and secure the release—after a decade—of German soldiers from World War II held in Soviet POW camps. In return Moscow and Bonn exchanged ambassadors. (The German capital was in Bonn, not in Berlin, for the wartime Allies controlled Berlin until 1991.)<br />
====European Unity====<br />
Adenauer realized the bonding of the French and German economies was the necessary precondition of western European economic integration. He moved for closer ties with French occupation officials. The French responded favorably, producing an economic rapprochement that led to West German membership in the European Community. The steady growth of Franco-German trade promoted political understanding between the two states and enabled France to make fundamental structural changes in her economy. This could not be accomplished along exclusively bilateral lines, but the Rome Treaties negotiations led France to move toward multilateral negotiations. French interest in nuclear research and the Suez Canal debacle strengthened this movement. With the establishment of the European Economic Community, France and West Germany were able to deal with western European problems as partners. <br />
<br />
In negotiating the Schuman Plan to create the European Coal and Steel Community from 1950 to 1952, the key figures - [[Jean Monnet]], [[Robert Schuman]], and Adenauer- battled determinedly and effectively both for the ideal of a new era of Franco-German understanding and for pragmatic economic political interests of both countries. One serious stumbling block was the status of the [[Saar]] region, which France now controlled. (1876-1967) over the status of the Saar. The French claimed that the economic union of the Saar with France was essential and that the Saar be neither French nor German politically but that it be Europeanized. The German position was that the Saar was German politically and culturally and therefore could not be French economically. France allowed a plebiscite and the Saar joined Germany in 1957.co<br />
<br />
France and West Germany were brought together by common interests starting from 1955, but did not agree with regard to European union and relations with the United States. In 1955 France was pleased by the Geneva conferences that left Germany divided. Furthermore, the Rome treaties of 1957 established the [[Common Market]] limited to six countries, a solution advocated by France against the larger union envisioned by Adenauer. [[Charles De Gaulle]] proposed establishing a European political organization anchored on a Franco-German alliance independent of the United States. Adenauer agreed to this project as preferable to a London-Paris-Washington alliance. However, Adenauer underestimated De Gaulle's intent to destroy the Atlantic alliance, and De Gaulle did not understand that West Germany would never substitute French support for that of the United States. [[John F. Kennedy]]'s policy toward the Soviets and the fear of American abandonment of Europe contributed to the agreements between De Gaulle and Adenauer that culminated in the Elysée treaty in 1963. <br />
=====Labor unions=====<br />
To achieve European unity, Adenauer needed the cooperation of the labor union, which mostly supported the opposition SPD. The German Federation of Trade Unions (DGB) saw itself in a political role, and largely favored the idea of European integration. A key test of its European credentials was its attitude toward the [[Schuman Plan]], proposed by France, for a common market for coal, iron, and steel. The DGB accepted the plan following its entry in 1949 into the International Federation of Free Trade Unions, though it was aware of the risk of internal tensions and friction with SPD politicians. The issue also became interwoven with the Pleven Plan to create a European defense community. The agreement that was finally reached between Adenauer and the DGB involved some compromise on the issue of equal union participation in the coal and steel industry, but was not a "deal" based on prior concessions. Adenauer's dealings with the DGB leadership showed cool calculation, and their close cooperation reflected the DGB's sense of political responsibility and general enthusiasm for Europe. <br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
* Cudlipp, E. ''Adenauer'' (1985)<br />
* Granieri, Ronald J. ''The Ambivalent Alliance: Konrad Adenauer, the CDU/CSU, and the West, 1949-1966'' (2004) 250 pages [http://books.google.com/books?id=gL0BUSQOc1EC&dq=intitle:Konrad+intitle:Adenauer&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=3&as_pt=ALLTYPES excerpt and text search] <br />
* Heidenheimer, Arnold J. ''Adenauer and the CDU: the Rise of the Leader and the Integration of the Party'' (1960)<br />
* Hiscocks, Richard. ''The Adenauer Era'' (1966)<br />
* Rovan, Joseph. ''Konrad Adenauer'' (1987) 182 pages [http://books.google.com/books?id=3dHtW4yojJIC&dq=intitle:Konrad+intitle:Adenauer&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=3&as_pt=ALLTYPES excerpt and text search] <br />
* Schwarz, Hans-Peter. ''Konrad Adenauer: A German Politician and Statesman in a Period of War, Revolution and Reconstruction. Vol. 1: From the German Empire to the Federal Republic, 1876-1952.''<br />
** Schwarz, Hans-Peter. ''vol 2: Konrad Adenauer a German politician and statesman in a period of war, revolution and reconstruction'' (1995) 759 pp. [http://books.google.com/books?id=T4vQw1RNkQ8C&dq=intitle:Konrad+intitle:Adenauer+intitle:A+intitle:German+intitle:Politician+intitle:and+intitle:Statesman&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES excerpt and text search vol 2]; also [http://www.questia.com/read/98804131 full text online]<br />
* Williams, Charles. ''Konrad Adenauer: The Father of the New Germany'' (2001), 624pp <br />
<br />
===Primary sources===<br />
* Adenauer, Konrad. ''Memoirs'', (4 vols. English edition 1966-70)<br />
==Notes==<br />
<references /><br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Adenauer, Konrad}}<br />
<br />
{{German Chancellors}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:German People]]<br />
[[Category:German History]]<br />
[[Category:Cold War]]<br />
[[Category:Catholic Politicians]]<br />
[[Category:German Chancellors]]<br />
[[Category:Christian Democrat Union politicians]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Law_and_Justice&diff=1401915Law and Justice2018-02-01T14:31:02Z<p>Elessar: /* Positions */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{PoliticalParty<br />
| party_name = Law and Justice<br />
| party_logo =<br />
| website = [http://pis.org.pl/ pis.org.pl]<br />
| leader = [[Jarosław Kaczyński]]<br />
| Parleader = <br />
| foundation = 2001<br />
| ideology = [[Conservatism]]<br />
| position = <br />
| international = <br />
| colors = red and blue<br />
| footnotes =<br />
}}<br />
'''Law and Justice''' (Polish: ''Prawo i Sprawiedliwość'', PiS) is a [[Poland|polish]] [[conservative]] and moderately [[Euroskeptic]] party, founded on June 13, 2001 by twin brothers [[Lech Kaczyński]] and [[Jarosław Kaczyński]]. The party was founded on the wave of popularity gained by Lech Kaczyński during his tenure as a Justice minister in Polish government from July 2000 to June 2001.<ref>http://www.pis.org.pl/unit.php?o=partia</ref><br />
<br />
==Positions==<br />
Law and Justice claims to be a conservative party and is widely considered as the main force of the Polish [[right-wing]]. It opposes legalizing [[abortion]], [[Homosexual Marriage|homosexual "marriages"]] and supports restoring the Polish [[death penalty]]. Law and Justice also highly supports [[progressive tax]], [[nationalization]] of some corporations, [[Universal Health Care|universal state-owned healthcare]] and the concept of "[[social justice]]". It opposes [[privatization]] which it considers to be "stealing of national property" and usually justifies increasing economic regulation as fighting potential corruption.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Law and Justice won the 2005 parliamentary election. It created a coalition government with the national conservative League of Polish Families and the populist left-wing Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland. The coalition fell in 2007 in the result of allegations of corruption on the part of Andrzej Lepper, leader of Self-Defence and Deputy Prime Minister. The Sejm voted its own dissolution, and early elections were held in October 2007. <br />
<br />
In 2006, League of Polish Families proposed to amend the Polish constitution to protect life from the moment of conception. Initially, Law and Justice supported the amendment, but then the text of the amendment was changed so that it would only claim that "human dignity is inherent from the moment of conception". After the amended bill was rejected by the Sejm, Marshal of the Sejm (speaker) Marek Jurek resigned from the office, left Law and Justice and created a new right-wing party called Right of the Republic, which is supported by less than 1% of voters (only 0,24% in 2011 election). In 2007, some of Law and Justice leaders, including Jarosław Kaczyński, stated that they are against tightening of abortion law, which means they support so-called "compromise" which allows abortion when the women's life or health is threatened, when pregnancy is a result of rape or incest and when the fetus is irreversibly damaged. Nevertheless, in 2011 Law and Justice voted in favor of totally banning abortion, but the bill was rejected anyway. <br />
<br />
In 2011 a few prominent members were excluded from the party due to internal conflict and lack of acceptance for their ideas for reforming the party. In 2012, they founded a new party called Solidary Poland (Polish: ''Solidarna Polska'') with Zbigniew Ziobro, former Minister of Justice, as its leader.<br />
<br />
===2015: landslide elections===<br />
In May 2015 Polish presidential election, the conservative and [[Euroskeptic]] challenger [[Andrzej Duda]] of PiS won in an upset, defeating the pro-EU incumbent.<ref>[http://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2015/05/25/conservative-challenger-wins-polish-election-signaling-rightward-shift/ Conservative Challenger Wins Polish Election, Signaling Rightward Shift]. ''Breitbart News''. May 25, 2015. Retrieved March 18, 2017.</ref><ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/05/22/in-polish-presidential-ballot-win-by-right-wing-challenger-could-signal-return.html In Polish presidential ballot, win by right-wing challenger could signal return to turbulence]. ''Fox News'' (and AP). May 22, 2015. Retrieved March 18, 2017.</ref> In the October 2015 general election, PiS won in a landslide,<ref>[http://www.breitbart.com/london/2015/10/26/eurosceptics-claim-victory-in-landmark-poland-election/ Eurosceptics Claim Victory In Landmark Poland Election]. ''Breitbart News''. October 26, 2015. Retrieved March 18, 2017.</ref> becoming the first Polish party to win enough votes to govern the country alone since the fall of communism in 1989.<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34648575 Poland elections: Law and Justice party can govern alone]. ''BBC''. October 27, 2015. Retrieved March 18, 2017.</ref><ref>Goettig, Marcin; Barteczko, Agnieszka (October 27, 2015). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-poland-election-idUSKCN0SL1XH20151027 Poland's Eurosceptics win outright majority in parliament]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 20, 2017.</ref> This landslide election frightened Europeanist leaders and politicians.<ref>[http://www.breitbart.com/london/2015/12/23/polands-political-course-sparks-alarm-in-us-and-europe-with-fears-of-democratic-backsliding/ Poland’s Political Course Sparks Alarm in US and Europe, With Fears of Democratic Backsliding]. ''Breitbart News''. December 23, 2015. Retrieved March 18, 2017.</ref> It was also the first election where no left-of-center parties sat in the Polish parliament.<ref>Gera, Vanessa (October 29, 2015). [https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/world/2015/10/28/right-wing-shift-new-polish-parliament-has-left-wing/ywLYGOUE5TVOyCyKRCzzfI/story.html Left wing is shut out in parliamentary vote in conservative Poland]. ''The Boston Globe''. Retrieved July 20, 2017.</ref><ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631826 Poland elections: Conservatives secure decisive win]. ''BBC News''. October 26, 2015. Retrieved July 20, 2017.</ref><br />
<br />
The PiS went to work immediately after the elections.<ref>[http://www.breitbart.com/london/2015/11/22/poland-grass-roots-populist-party-takes-action-after-stunning-victory-left-cries-coup/ Poland: Grass-Roots Populist Party Takes Action After Stunning Victory – Left Cries ‘Coup’]. ''Breitbart News''. November 22, 2015. Retrieved March 18, 2017.</ref> In March 2017, PiS Prime Minister Beata Szydło stated that "I hear in Europe very often: do not connect the migration policy with terrorism, but it is impossible not to connect them."<ref>Montgomery, Jack (March 23, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/03/23/polish-prime-minister-impossible-not-connect-terrorism-migration-policy/ Polish Prime Minister: ‘Impossible Not to Connect Terrorism with Migration Policy’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 23, 2017.</ref> It chose to defy the European Union on various issues, such as on reforming the nation's courts to weaken globalist influence in them and decreeing that Christian principles be a factor in their decisionmaking.<ref>Lane, Oliver JJ (July 21, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/07/21/polish-government-slams-anti-democratic-protests-as-parliament-votes-on-judicial-reform/ Polish Government Slams Anti-Democratic Protests As Parliament Votes on Judicial Reform]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 22, 2017.</ref> A CBOS poll in September 2017 found that PiS was enjoying record popular support.<ref>Lane, Oliver JJ (September 20, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/09/20/polands-anti-mass-migration-government-sees-record-popularity/ Poland’s Anti Mass Migration Government Enjoys Record Popularity]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 20, 2017.</ref><br />
<br />
The European Union began taking legal action against Poland in July 2017 due to its enacting, and attempted enacting, of conservative judicial reforms that went against EU ideology.<ref>Zdrojkowski, Wojciech (July 30, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/07/30/european-union-commences-legal-action-nation-poland/ European Union Takes Legal Action Against Poland… For Refusing To Do As They Are Told]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 30, 2017.</ref><ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-poland-politics-eu-idUSKBN1AE0CD EU starts action against Poland over judiciary reforms]. ''Reuters''. July 29, 2017. Retrieved July 30, 2017.</ref><br />
<br />
PiS also enacted a law gradually banning businesses from being open on Sundays so families can remain together that day.<ref>Lane, Oliver JJ (January 30, 2018). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/01/30/poland-signs-law-anti-sunday-shopping-legislation-aims-give-families-time-together/ Poland Signs into Law Anti-Sunday Shopping Legislation, Aims to Give Families More Time Together]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 31, 2018.</ref><ref>[https://www.apnews.com/75beda61d10043a09a9e465c54783f74/Poland-limits-Sunday-shopping-to-benefit-family-life Poland limits Sunday shopping to benefit family life]. ''Associated Press''. January 30, 2018. Retrieved January 31, 2018.</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Jarosław Kaczyński]]<br />
*[[Lech Kaczyński]]<br />
*[[European migrant crisis]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.pis.org.pl/ Official Law and Justice Site]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Poland]]<br />
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:New_York_City&diff=1401914Talk:New York City2018-02-01T14:28:39Z<p>Elessar: /* Worry */</p>
<hr />
<div>Forgive me for calling NYC religious. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] <sup>[[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]]</sup> 09:44, 11 December 2008 (EST)<br />
<br />
== Formatting ==<br />
<br />
I don't know enough about formatting to fix this, but I'm seeing a lot of problems with the images in this article overlapping. Is anyone else? [[User:RaymondP|RaymondP]] 17:22, 30 June 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Worry ==<br />
<br />
Don't ask me why, but I think you should stay away from New York City. If you live or work in New York, you should leave N.Y.C. It seems, there might be a nuclear attack onto Financial District. I really recommend everybody who lives there to leave New York. --[[User:Elessar|Elessar]] ([[User talk:Elessar|talk]]) 02:17, 12 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
I once again remind you of staying away from New York City, especially from Financial District. Tomorrow is the day of the black sun. It becomes really dangerous now. World Socialism seeks to attack Financial District nuclearly. Stay away from New York from Monday on. --[[User:Elessar|Elessar]] ([[User talk:Elessar|talk]]) 02:47, 20 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
:Falsely shouting "fire!" in a crowded theater? [[User:NeilWalker|NeilWalker]] ([[User talk:NeilWalker|talk]]) 10:17, 20 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
::I dunno what you mean. --[[User:Elessar|Elessar]] ([[User talk:Elessar|talk]]) 15:46, 20 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
:::What he's saying in a way is that it's not a good idea to engage in scaremongering. [[User:Northwest|Northwest]] ([[User talk:Northwest|talk]]) 16:36, 20 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
::::Elessar, what in the world are you saying? A nuclear attack on NYC on the day of a solar eclipse, with World Socialism being the culprit? What is the basis of your claim? Honestly, I think NYC is a big ally of socialism -- Wall Street represents crony capitalism, which is a form of socialism -- one where the biggest businesses have a lot of leeway while small businesses and the general public have a lot of regulations and taxes imposed on them (along with a loss in personal freedom). --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 16:49, 20 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:::::I'm only saying from today on you should stay away from New York City. The NWO is to attack the Financial District somewhen from today on for a world-wide financial crash. Not it's headquarters, the U.N. building. But best of course, you stay away from all of New York. --[[User:Elessar|Elessar]] ([[User talk:Elessar|talk]]) 02:49, 21 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
Alright, I am here to warn you once again. The attack last year didn't occur because of my warning which was sighted by the NWO that sent that agent from above to try to keep me silent. Now World Communism makes another try to attack N.Y. Financial District, but this time I won't tell you when, just that it will happen "soon" because otherwise they would once again postpone their nuclear attack. I'm sorry but it would affect the timeline to heavily. Simply stay away from N. Y. City and be careful with stock markets. May Christ come soon! --[[User:Elessar|Elessar]] ([[User talk:Elessar|talk]]) 09:28, 1 February 2018 (EST)</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Anna_Kendrick&diff=1401103Anna Kendrick2018-01-28T16:03:26Z<p>Elessar: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Anna Cooke Kendrick''', born 9 August 1985 in [[Portland, Maine]], is an [[American]] actress, singer and author most known for her roles in the ''[[Twilight Saga|Twilight]]'' and ''Pitch Perfect'' movie series. She wrote an autobiography called ''Scrappy little nobody''. Her political positions are unknown. <br />
<br />
[[Category:Actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Authors]]<br />
[[Category:American Authors]]<br />
[[Category:Singers]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Anna_Kendrick&diff=1401101Anna Kendrick2018-01-28T16:00:13Z<p>Elessar: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Anna Cooke Kendrick''', born 9 August 1985 in [[Portland, Maine]], is an [[American]] actress, singer and author most known for her roles in the ''[[Twilight Saga|Twilight]]'' and ''Pitch Perfect'' movie series. She wrote an autobiography called ''Scrappy little nobody''. Her political positions are unknown. <br />
<br />
[[Category:Actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Authors]]<br />
[[Category:American Authors]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=User:Elessar&diff=1401098User:Elessar2018-01-28T15:55:58Z<p>Elessar: </p>
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<div>{{Userboxtop|User Elessar}}<br />
{{User Christian1}}<br />
{{User Catholic}}<br />
{{User lordshipofchrist}}<br />
{{User Numenorian}}<br />
{{User tolerancecompromisetruth}}<br />
{{Userbox|#CCCCFF|#FFFFFF|[[Image:Israelflag.gif|45px]]|<center>This user supports [[Israel]].</center>}}<br />
{{Userbox |blue|red|[[File:Donald_Trump_(29273256122)_Phoenix.jpg|50px]]|This user supports U. S. President [[Donald Trump|Donald J. Trump]].}}<br />
{{User Palin}}<br />
{{Userbox |border-c=#000 |border-s=1 |id-c=#000 |id-s=12 |id-fc=#000 |info-c=#003333 |info-s=8 |info-fc=#fff |id=[[Image:smallglobe.jpeg|50px]] |info=This user isn't from America, but is anyway ''truly'' conservative.}}<br />
{{User limited govt}}<br />
{{Userbox |border-c=#000 |border-s=1 |id-c=#fff |id-s=12 |id-fc=#000 |info-c=#cc0000 |info-s=8 |info-fc=#fff |id=[[Image:Sperm-egg.jpg|65px]] |info=Life begins at conception.}}<br />
{{User moderatecapitalist}}<br />
{{User Liberal Facist}}<br />
{{Userbox |blue|green|[[File:Bonellis eagle.jpg|50px]]|This user supports the [[Constitution Party|National Constitution Party]].}}<br />
{{userboxbottom}}<br />
Welcome on my User page!<br />
<br />
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g25G1M4EXrQ John F. Kennedy's eternal speech at Rice University "We choose to go to the Moon!"]<br />
<br />
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5e0Qelqp-Cc The Lord's Prayer sung in Swahili (Baba Yetu)]<br />
<br />
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fyi3nBwJzuk Donald J. Trump's eternal speech to make America great again]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Anna_Cooke_Kendrick&diff=1395691Anna Cooke Kendrick2018-01-04T13:07:15Z<p>Elessar: Redirected page to Anna Kendrick</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Anna Kendrick]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Anna_Kendrick&diff=1395690Anna Kendrick2018-01-04T13:04:46Z<p>Elessar: Created page with "'''Anna Cooke Kendrick''', born 9 August 1985 in Portland, Maine, is an American actress most known for her roles in the ''Twilight'' and ''Pitch Per..."</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Anna Cooke Kendrick''', born 9 August 1985 in [[Portland, Maine]], is an [[American]] actress most known for her roles in the ''[[Twilight Saga|Twilight]]'' and ''Pitch Perfect'' movie series. Her political positions are unknown.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Actresses]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=User_talk:NeilWalker&diff=1368561User talk:NeilWalker2017-08-21T06:52:54Z<p>Elessar: /* Wikipedia is right for you */ new section</p>
<hr />
<div>{{welcome}}<br />
:If you have any questions, feel free to ask me! --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 18:01, 18 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
::Thanks. [[User:NeilWalker|NeilWalker]] ([[User talk:NeilWalker|talk]]) 11:46, 19 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Wikipedia is right for you ==<br />
<br />
Why wants an ultra-liberal like you work on CP? You know what does ''Conservapedia'' stands for? Go to your leftist brethren on WP, there you can spread your anti-monarch sentiments! This is a conservative, Christian and family-friendly encyclopedia with no place for personal attacks! --[[User:Elessar|Elessar]] ([[User talk:Elessar|talk]]) 02:52, 21 August 2017 (EDT)</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:New_York_City&diff=1368559Talk:New York City2017-08-21T06:49:12Z<p>Elessar: /* Worry */</p>
<hr />
<div>Forgive me for calling NYC religious. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] <sup>[[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]]</sup> 09:44, 11 December 2008 (EST)<br />
<br />
== Formatting ==<br />
<br />
I don't know enough about formatting to fix this, but I'm seeing a lot of problems with the images in this article overlapping. Is anyone else? [[User:RaymondP|RaymondP]] 17:22, 30 June 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Worry ==<br />
<br />
Don't ask me why, but I think you should stay away from New York City. If you live or work in New York, you should leave N.Y.C. It seems, there might be a nuclear attack onto Financial District. I really recommend everybody who lives there to leave New York. --[[User:Elessar|Elessar]] ([[User talk:Elessar|talk]]) 02:17, 12 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
I once again remind you of staying away from New York City, especially from Financial District. Tomorrow is the day of the black sun. It becomes really dangerous now. World Socialism seeks to attack Financial District nuclearly. Stay away from New York from Monday on. --[[User:Elessar|Elessar]] ([[User talk:Elessar|talk]]) 02:47, 20 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
:Falsely shouting "fire!" in a crowded theater? [[User:NeilWalker|NeilWalker]] ([[User talk:NeilWalker|talk]]) 10:17, 20 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
::I dunno what you mean. --[[User:Elessar|Elessar]] ([[User talk:Elessar|talk]]) 15:46, 20 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
:::What he's saying in a way is that it's not a good idea to engage in scaremongering. [[User:Northwest|Northwest]] ([[User talk:Northwest|talk]]) 16:36, 20 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
::::Elessar, what in the world are you saying? A nuclear attack on NYC on the day of a solar eclipse, with World Socialism being the culprit? What is the basis of your claim? Honestly, I think NYC is a big ally of socialism -- Wall Street represents crony capitalism, which is a form of socialism -- one where the biggest businesses have a lot of leeway while small businesses and the general public have a lot of regulations and taxes imposed on them (along with a loss in personal freedom). --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 16:49, 20 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:::::I'm only saying from today on you should stay away from New York City. The NWO is to attack the Financial District somewhen from today on for a world-wide financial crash. Not it's headquarters, the U.N. building. But best of course, you stay away from all of New York. --[[User:Elessar|Elessar]] ([[User talk:Elessar|talk]]) 02:49, 21 August 2017 (EDT)</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:Queen_Elizabeth_II&diff=1368558Talk:Queen Elizabeth II2017-08-21T06:45:16Z<p>Elessar: /* re Acts */</p>
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<div>Could someone please change that picture?<br />
<br />
Seconded. I'll go on a trawl. [[User:Stargrave|Stargrave]] 07:39, 20 March 2007 (EDT)<br />
<br />
Now i've figured out how to use this thing properly ;) - Reverted the vandalism to the original picture, even though it took me a couple of attempts. I'll still see if I can find a better one, but this should do for now unless it gets vandalised again [[User:Stargrave|Stargrave]] 07:49, 20 March 2007 (EDT)<br />
<br />
Doesn't mention she is the British Head of State or that acts of parliament must be signed by her.<br />
*Yes, and the actual situation regarding her political power, or lack thereof, is somewhat more complicated than it appears, tying, as it does, into the history of the Civil War, the Reformation and so on. We'll have to see what we can do about that without straying off-topic. [[User:Stargrave|Stargrave]] 08:04, 20 March 2007 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Male preference==<br />
<br />
If nobody minds, I've deleted the reference to HM's original position in the line of succession being a result of the preference given to males. In her case it was irrelevant. Edward VIII and George VI were the oldest children of George V, and George VI had no sons. If there had been no preference for males, she still would have been third in line.<br />
<br />
Interestingly, the last time the male preference made a difference was when Queen Victoria died in 1901, with the crown passing to her eldest son Edward VII. Victoria's eldest child was Princess Victoria who married the German Emperor - the whole of 20th century European history could have been very different! [[User:Ferret|Ferret]] 08:35, 6 July 2007 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== re Acts ==<br />
<br />
An editor persists in adding the [http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Queen_Elizabeth_II&diff=prev&oldid=1368469 paragraph] claiming that the Queen is a pro-abortion, pro-globalism liberal. The Queen does not decide which Acts to sign or decline - she does not defy the will of Parliament, and thus the will of the people, by refusing to sign ''any'' Act. No monarch has defied Parliament/the people since Queen Anne refused to sign an Act which would arm the Scottish militias - just when France was threatening war - in 1708. (The Scots had previously taken up arms against the English and on the side of the French.) [[User:NeilWalker|NeilWalker]] ([[User talk:NeilWalker|talk]]) 16:21, 20 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
:But Queen Anne did have the authority to veto the bill -- it seems that Queen Elizabeth's actions have precedent but are not law. If she cared strongly about these issues, she would not have signed those bills. What do you say to that? --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 16:24, 20 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
::The constitutional crisis which would arise from a sitting monarch defying the will of the people would lead to the dissolution of the monarchy. The reigning monarch remains neutral in politics and what they do or do not care strongly about is immaterial. You forget, we have cut kings' heads off in the past for defying the will of Parliament. [[User:NeilWalker|NeilWalker]] ([[User talk:NeilWalker|talk]]) 16:27, 20 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:::The Queen can veto whatever law she wants to. Elizabeth doesn't do it due to convention. But you admit it yourself. --[[User:Elessar|Elessar]] ([[User talk:Elessar|talk]]) 16:30, 20 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
::::(''edit conflict'') Compared to France (French Revolution, the many other revolutions) or Russia (Russian Revolution), Britain has been extremely civil in dealing with its monarchs (Glorious Revolution, etc.). I do remember reading in the news recently about how the Queen's hat she wore one day (was it the 2017 House of Commons speech?) was designed like the EU flag. --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 16:32, 20 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
:::::Perhaps we're more civil because they learned their lesson and didn't attempt to override the will of Parliament/the people. And, no offense, but observing/discussing what hats/dresses/coats/shoes that royals choose to wear seems to be a peculiar fascination limited just to Americans. Most Britons don't notice and don't care. We see her on the stamps and the banknotes, is about all. [[User:NeilWalker|NeilWalker]] ([[User talk:NeilWalker|talk]]) 16:39, 20 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
::::::The UK media seemed to care, both on the Left[http://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-40356113][https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2017/jun/21/queens-hat-alludes-to-brexit][http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/queens-speech-ascot-eu-flag-hat-a7801611.html] and Right.[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4625130/Queen-speech-hat-looks-suspiciously-like-EU-flag.html][http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/06/21/queen-trying-tell-us-something-brexit-hat/] --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 16:44, 20 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
:::::::And suddenly the mainstream media are the voice and conscience of the people? Because I understand that Conservatives in the USA would argue ''against'' that notion rather vociferously. [[User:NeilWalker|NeilWalker]] ([[User talk:NeilWalker|talk]]) 18:14, 20 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
::The Queen does not "veto" Acts because, like America, Britain is what we call "a democracy". The Queen does not attempt to exercise her personal will over the will of the people. The experience of the American Revolution is just one of the reasons why. Meanwhile, the ignorant are allowed to edit war the article to insert their fallacious opinions. Hmm, I begin to see the problem here. [[User:NeilWalker|NeilWalker]] ([[User talk:NeilWalker|talk]]) 16:36, 20 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
:::What I'm saying is that it seems that the Queen has the ability to veto (or "not sign" or whatever you call it in the UK). Of course it would be unprecedented, but I think someone with more guts would do it. We could not the precedent of not vetoing legislation along with that paragraph, explaining why she did not veto the bills. --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 16:44, 20 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
::::I'm not really interested in arguing over it; the addition claiming that the Queen is a pro-abortion liberal is so silly that any educated reader will see it for what it is. Far be it for me, a mere history teacher, to override the fallacious opinions of ''Lord of the Rings'' fans' edits (between their warning of tomorrow's nuclear attack on New York City.) I believe your nemesis Wikipedia suffers similar problems, saying: "For some reason people who spend 40 years learning everything they can about, say, the Peloponnesian War—and indeed, advancing the body of human knowledge—get all pi**y when their contributions are edited away by Randy in Boise who heard somewhere that sword-wielding skeletons were involved. And they get downright irate when asked politely to engage in discourse with Randy until the sword-skeleton theory can be incorporated into the article without passing judgment." [[User:NeilWalker|NeilWalker]] ([[User talk:NeilWalker|talk]]) 17:14, 20 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
:::::What do you think about this: we keep the fact that the Queen has signed these pieces of legislation, but we include the fact that there is a precedent not to interfere with Parliament, regardless of what they pass? --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 17:20, 20 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
::::::As I stated, it makes no difference to me; it is a silly claim, based upon ignorance of the limits of executive power, ignorance of history, ignorance of the constitutional brake, and ignorance of the overriding principle of [[representative democracy]]. I've attempted to "fix" it, my "fix" was rejected. It's clear that you have subversive editors here who are making your articles appear silly. I don't have time to debate this any further: I must instead telephone all of my friends in NYC to warn them of the apocalypse. [[User:NeilWalker|NeilWalker]] ([[User talk:NeilWalker|talk]]) 18:14, 20 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:::::::Alright, we learn that new user is a liberal and like most of them he acts in typically liberal manner. Let's block him, we don't need this worst sort of liberals here. --[[User:Elessar|Elessar]] ([[User talk:Elessar|talk]]) 02:45, 21 August 2017 (EDT)</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Queen_Elizabeth_II&diff=1368556Queen Elizabeth II2017-08-21T06:43:04Z<p>Elessar: no place for liberals here</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:QueenElizabethII 2003.jpg|right|225px]]<br />
'''Queen Elizabeth II''' (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor, born April 21, 1926) is the reigning monarch and current [[head of state]] (1952-) of the [[United Kingdom]] of [[Great Britain]] and [[Northern Ireland]], and of 15 other [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] realms (see list below), including [[Canada]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]] and [[Jamaica]]. She is the elder daughter of King [[George VI]] and [[HM Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother|Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother]].<br />
<br />
In Britain, she is referred to formally as "Her Majesty the Queen", but is generally called simply "the Queen". Her full title, by virtue of the Royal Titles Act of 1953, is: "Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith".<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
She was the first child of the Duke and Duchess of York, who later became King [[George VI]] and Queen Consort Elizabeth. At birth she stood third in line of succession to the throne after Edward, Prince of Wales (later King [[Edward VIII]]), and her father. It was not expected that her father would become king, or that she would become queen. <br />
<br />
Princess Elizabeth's quiet family life came to an end in 1936, when her grandfather, King [[George V]], died. His eldest son came to the throne as King Edward VIII, but, before the end of the year, the new king decided to give up the throne in order to marry a divorced American woman, Mrs [[Wallis Simpson]]. <br />
<br />
Upon Edward's abdication, Princess Elizabeth's father acceded to the throne, and in 1937 Princess Elizabeth attended her parents' coronation in [[Westminster Abbey]]. This put her first in line to the throne.<br />
<br />
The princess received home tuition at Sandringham and [[Buckingham Palace]] during the 1930s, where her tutors included her father and Henry Marten, the Vice-Provost of Eton. She was also instructed in religion by the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]]. Now that she had became first in line to throne, Elizabeth started to study constitutional history and law as preparation for her future role as queen. Elizabeth also learned French from various French and Belgian governesses; this skill standing the queen in good stead, as she often has cause to use it when speaking to ambassadors and heads of state from French-speaking countries and when visiting French-speaking areas of [[Canada]].<br />
<br />
In 1940, at the height of [[the Blitz]], the young princess was moved to the safety of [[Windsor Castle]], where she spent most of the war years, although in 1945 she joined the Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service and trained as a driver, operating military trucks.<br />
<br />
==Marriage and Children ==<br />
She married [[Prince Philip|Philip Mountbatten]], [[Duke of Edinburgh]], on November 20, 1947. Their first child, [[Prince Charles]], now the [[Prince of Wales]], heir apparent to the throne, was born in 1948, and his sister, [[Princess Anne]] (now The [[Princess Royal]]), two years later. After Princess Elizabeth became queen, their third child, [[Prince Andrew]] (now the [[Duke of York]]), arrived in 1960, and the fourth, [[Prince Edward]] (now the Earl of Wessex and who will eventually become the Duke of Edinburgh), in 1964.<br />
<br />
The Queen has eight grandchildren--[[Prince William]], [[Duke of Cambridge]]; [[Prince Henry]] of Wales; Princess Beatrice of York; Princess Eugenie of York; James Mountbatten-Windsor, Viscount Severn; Lady Louise Mountbatten-Windsor; Peter Phillips; and Zara Tindall—and five great-grandchildren.<br />
<br />
==Accession to the throne and coronation==<br />
On February 6, 1952, Princess Elizabeth, who was on a tour of [[Kenya]] and staying at the Treetops Hotel, received the news of her father's death at Sandringham and her own accession to the throne.<br />
<br />
On June 2, 1953, Elizabeth was crowned Queen of the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]] and of Canada, Australia, New Zealand and her other realms and territories at [[Westminster Abbey]] by the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], and took the [[English coronation oath|coronation oath]] in the traditional coronation ceremony that has been used for at least 1000 years.<br />
<br />
== Role within the Church of England ==<br />
<br />
Since Queen Elizabeth has taken the throne she has taken the role of "Defender of the Faith and Supreme Governor of the Church of England". Archbishops and bishops are appointed by the Queen on the advice of the Prime Minister, who considers the names selected by a Church Commission.<ref>[http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/QueenandChurch/QueenandtheChurchofEngland.aspx Official Website of the British Monarchy:] Queen and the Church of England</ref> They take an oath of allegiance to The Queen on appointment and may not resign without Royal authority.<br />
<br />
In parliament the Queen's position in the Church of England is represented by a selection of Priests, known as the Lords Spiritual, taking positions in the [[House of Lords]]. In recent times, however, it has been discussed in the [[House of Commons]] that the Lords Spiritual have their positions removed.<br />
<br />
== Role in British politics ==<br />
The Queen's executive powers are limited by the constitution, and her role in the politics of the nation is largely ceremonial. The monarch is required to be politically neutral, while retaining the right "to be consulted, to advise and to warn" government ministers. Her powers, known as the "Royal prerogative" (to enact legislation, to declare war, to sign treaties and to award honours) are exercised instead by the government of the day. The Queen's greatest right is "the right to rule": the people of Britain are not ''citizens'', but ''subjects'' of the queen. The Queen accepts the decisions made by the democratically elected government of the UK. Although she signs her name to every Act of Parliament before it can become law, no monarch has defied Parliament - and by extension the people - by refusing to sign an Act since Queen Anne did so in 1708. The Queen has the right to vote in elections, but she chooses not to exercise this right, a principle adopted by all royals of the Windsor household.<br />
<br />
Though being a Monarch and a Christian, the Queen seems not to be conservative, but rather liberal. She signed the bill for legalizing abortion, for same-sex "marriage" and for "equal rights" for women to inherit the British throne even though it's discrimination against men because the husband of a reigning Queen does not become "King Consort" but usually "Prince Consort" in the UK. Also, she is in favor of the left-wing globalist European Union. The Queen is advised by the Privy Council.<br />
<br />
==The Commonwealth Realms==<br />
[[image:Australian 50c coins.jpg|thumb|200px|Australian 50c coins showing two different likenesses of Queen Elizabeth II]]<br />
*[[Antigua and Barbuda]]<br />
*[[Australia]]<br />
*The [[Bahamas]]<br />
*[[Barbados]]<br />
*[[Belize]]<br />
*[[Canada]]<br />
*[[Grenada]]<br />
*[[Jamaica]]<br />
*[[New Zealand]]<br />
*[[Papua New Guinea]]<br />
*[[Solomon Islands]]<br />
*[[St. Kitts and Nevis]]<br />
*[[St. Lucia]]<br />
*[[St. Vincent and the Grenadines]] <br />
*[[Tuvalu]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Elizabeth 2}}<br />
[[Category:British History]]<br />
[[Category:Current Heads of State]]<br />
[[Category:United Kingdom Monarchs]]<br />
[[Category:Anglicans]]<br />
[[Category:Queens]]<br />
[[Category:People who were Educated at Home]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:Queen_Elizabeth_II&diff=1368487Talk:Queen Elizabeth II2017-08-20T20:30:11Z<p>Elessar: /* re Acts */ + removing PA</p>
<hr />
<div>Could someone please change that picture?<br />
<br />
Seconded. I'll go on a trawl. [[User:Stargrave|Stargrave]] 07:39, 20 March 2007 (EDT)<br />
<br />
Now i've figured out how to use this thing properly ;) - Reverted the vandalism to the original picture, even though it took me a couple of attempts. I'll still see if I can find a better one, but this should do for now unless it gets vandalised again [[User:Stargrave|Stargrave]] 07:49, 20 March 2007 (EDT)<br />
<br />
Doesn't mention she is the British Head of State or that acts of parliament must be signed by her.<br />
*Yes, and the actual situation regarding her political power, or lack thereof, is somewhat more complicated than it appears, tying, as it does, into the history of the Civil War, the Reformation and so on. We'll have to see what we can do about that without straying off-topic. [[User:Stargrave|Stargrave]] 08:04, 20 March 2007 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Male preference==<br />
<br />
If nobody minds, I've deleted the reference to HM's original position in the line of succession being a result of the preference given to males. In her case it was irrelevant. Edward VIII and George VI were the oldest children of George V, and George VI had no sons. If there had been no preference for males, she still would have been third in line.<br />
<br />
Interestingly, the last time the male preference made a difference was when Queen Victoria died in 1901, with the crown passing to her eldest son Edward VII. Victoria's eldest child was Princess Victoria who married the German Emperor - the whole of 20th century European history could have been very different! [[User:Ferret|Ferret]] 08:35, 6 July 2007 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== re Acts ==<br />
<br />
An editor persists in adding the [http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Queen_Elizabeth_II&diff=prev&oldid=1368469 paragrapgh] claiming that the queen is a pro-abortion, pro-globalism liberal. The Queen does not decide which Acts to sign or decline - she does not defy the will of Parliament, and thus the will of the people, by refusing to sign ''any'' Act. No monarch has defied Parliament/the people since queen Anne refused to sign an Act which would arm the Scottish militias - just when France was threatening war - in 1708. (The Scots had previously taken up arms against the English and on the side of the French.) [[User:NeilWalker|NeilWalker]] ([[User talk:NeilWalker|talk]]) 16:21, 20 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
:But Queen Anne did have the authority to veto the bill -- it seems that Queen Elizabeth's actions have precedent but are not law. If she cared strongly about these issues, she would not have signed those bills. What do you say to that? --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 16:24, 20 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
::The constitutional crisis which would arise from a sitting monarch defying the will of the people would lead to the dissolution of the monarchy. The reigning monarch remains neutral in politics and what they do or do not care strongly about is immaterial. You forget, we have cut kings' heads off in the past for defying the will of Parliament. [[User:NeilWalker|NeilWalker]] ([[User talk:NeilWalker|talk]]) 16:27, 20 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:::The Queen can veto whatever law she wants to. Elizabeth doesn't do it due to convention. But you admit it yourself. --[[User:Elessar|Elessar]] ([[User talk:Elessar|talk]]) 16:30, 20 August 2017 (EDT)</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Queen_Elizabeth_II&diff=1368484Queen Elizabeth II2017-08-20T20:27:29Z<p>Elessar: The Queen has the right to exercise all of her powers but doesn't do it due to convention. In contrary, the Monarchs of Belgium and Luxembourg didn't sign liberal laws.</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:QueenElizabethII 2003.jpg|right|225px]]<br />
'''Queen Elizabeth II''' (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor, born April 21, 1926) is the reigning monarch and current [[head of state]] (1952-) of the [[United Kingdom]] of [[Great Britain]] and [[Northern Ireland]], and of 15 other [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] realms (see list below), including [[Canada]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]] and [[Jamaica]]. She is the elder daughter of King [[George VI]] and [[HM Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother|Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother]].<br />
<br />
In Britain, she is referred to formally as "Her Majesty the Queen", but is generally called simply "the Queen". Her full title, by virtue of the Royal Titles Act of 1953, is: "Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith".<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
She was the first child of the Duke and Duchess of York, who later became King [[George VI]] and Queen Consort Elizabeth. At birth she stood third in line of succession to the throne after Edward, Prince of Wales (later King [[Edward VIII]]), and her father. It was not expected that her father would become king, or that she would become queen. <br />
<br />
Princess Elizabeth's quiet family life came to an end in 1936, when her grandfather, King [[George V]], died. His eldest son came to the throne as King Edward VIII, but, before the end of the year, the new king decided to give up the throne in order to marry a divorced American woman, Mrs [[Wallis Simpson]]. <br />
<br />
Upon Edward's abdication, Princess Elizabeth's father acceded to the throne, and in 1937 Princess Elizabeth attended her parents' coronation in [[Westminster Abbey]]. This put her first in line to the throne.<br />
<br />
The princess received home tuition at Sandringham and [[Buckingham Palace]] during the 1930s, where her tutors included her father and Henry Marten, the Vice-Provost of Eton. She was also instructed in religion by the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]]. Now that she had became first in line to throne, Elizabeth started to study constitutional history and law as preparation for her future role as queen. Elizabeth also learned French from various French and Belgian governesses; this skill standing the queen in good stead, as she often has cause to use it when speaking to ambassadors and heads of state from French-speaking countries and when visiting French-speaking areas of [[Canada]].<br />
<br />
In 1940, at the height of [[the Blitz]], the young princess was moved to the safety of [[Windsor Castle]], where she spent most of the war years, although in 1945 she joined the Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service and trained as a driver, operating military trucks.<br />
<br />
==Marriage and Children ==<br />
She married [[Prince Philip|Philip Mountbatten]], [[Duke of Edinburgh]], on November 20, 1947. Their first child, [[Prince Charles]], now the [[Prince of Wales]], heir apparent to the throne, was born in 1948, and his sister, [[Princess Anne]] (now The [[Princess Royal]]), two years later. After Princess Elizabeth became queen, their third child, [[Prince Andrew]] (now the [[Duke of York]]), arrived in 1960, and the fourth, [[Prince Edward]] (now the Earl of Wessex and who will eventually become the Duke of Edinburgh), in 1964.<br />
<br />
The Queen has eight grandchildren--[[Prince William]], [[Duke of Cambridge]]; [[Prince Henry]] of Wales; Princess Beatrice of York; Princess Eugenie of York; James Mountbatten-Windsor, Viscount Severn; Lady Louise Mountbatten-Windsor; Peter Phillips; and Zara Tindall—and five great-grandchildren.<br />
<br />
==Accession to the throne and coronation==<br />
On February 6, 1952, Princess Elizabeth, who was on a tour of [[Kenya]] and staying at the Treetops Hotel, received the news of her father's death at Sandringham and her own accession to the throne.<br />
<br />
On June 2, 1953, Elizabeth was crowned Queen of the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]] and of Canada, Australia, New Zealand and her other realms and territories at [[Westminster Abbey]] by the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], and took the [[English coronation oath|coronation oath]] in the traditional coronation ceremony that has been used for at least 1000 years.<br />
<br />
== Role within the Church of England ==<br />
<br />
Since Queen Elizabeth has taken the throne she has taken the role of "Defender of the Faith and Supreme Governor of the Church of England". Archbishops and bishops are appointed by the Queen on the advice of the Prime Minister, who considers the names selected by a Church Commission.<ref>[http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/QueenandChurch/QueenandtheChurchofEngland.aspx Official Website of the British Monarchy:] Queen and the Church of England</ref> They take an oath of allegiance to The Queen on appointment and may not resign without Royal authority.<br />
<br />
In parliament the Queen's position in the Church of England is represented by a selection of Priests, known as the Lords Spiritual, taking positions in the [[House of Lords]]. In recent times, however, it has been discussed in the [[House of Commons]] that the Lords Spiritual have their positions removed.<br />
<br />
== Role in British politics ==<br />
The Queen's executive powers are limited by the constitution, and her role in the politics of the nation is largely ceremonial. The monarch is required to be politically neutral, while retaining the right "to be consulted, to advise and to warn" government ministers. Her powers, known as the "Royal prerogative" (to enact legislation, to declare war, to sign treaties and to award honours) are exercised instead by the government of the day. The Queen's greatest right is "the right to rule": the people of Britain are not ''citizens'', but ''subjects'' of the queen. The Queen accepts the decisions made by the democratically elected government of the UK. Although she signs her name to every Act of Parliament before it can become law, no monarch has defied Parliament - and by extension the people - by refusing to sign an Act since Queen Anne did so in 1708. The Queen has the right to vote in elections, but she chooses not to exercise this right, a principle adopted by all royals of the Windsor household.<br />
<br />
Though being a Monarch and a Christian, the Queen seems not to be conservative, but rather liberal. She signed the bill for legalizing abortion, for same-sex "marriage" and for "equal rights" for women to inherit the British throne even though it's discrimination against men because the husband of a reigning Queen does not become "King Consort" but usually "Prince Consort" in the UK. Also, she is in favor of the left-wing globalist European Union. The Queen is advised by the Privy Council.<br />
<br />
==The Commonwealth Realms==<br />
[[image:Australian 50c coins.jpg|thumb|200px|Australian 50c coins showing two different likenesses of Queen Elizabeth II]]<br />
*[[Antigua and Barbuda]]<br />
*[[Australia]]<br />
*The [[Bahamas]]<br />
*[[Barbados]]<br />
*[[Belize]]<br />
*[[Canada]]<br />
*[[Grenada]]<br />
*[[Jamaica]]<br />
*[[New Zealand]]<br />
*[[Papua New Guinea]]<br />
*[[Solomon Islands]]<br />
*[[St. Kitts and Nevis]]<br />
*[[St. Lucia]]<br />
*[[St. Vincent and the Grenadines]] <br />
*[[Tuvalu]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Elizabeth 2}}<br />
[[Category:British History]]<br />
[[Category:Current Heads of State]]<br />
[[Category:United Kingdom Monarchs]]<br />
[[Category:Anglicans]]<br />
[[Category:Queens]]<br />
[[Category:People who were Educated at Home]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:New_York_City&diff=1368471Talk:New York City2017-08-20T19:46:15Z<p>Elessar: /* Worry */</p>
<hr />
<div>Forgive me for calling NYC religious. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] <sup>[[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]]</sup> 09:44, 11 December 2008 (EST)<br />
<br />
== Formatting ==<br />
<br />
I don't know enough about formatting to fix this, but I'm seeing a lot of problems with the images in this article overlapping. Is anyone else? [[User:RaymondP|RaymondP]] 17:22, 30 June 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Worry ==<br />
<br />
Don't ask me why, but I think you should stay away from New York City. If you live or work in New York, you should leave N.Y.C. It seems, there might be a nuclear attack onto Financial District. I really recommend everybody who lives there to leave New York. --[[User:Elessar|Elessar]] ([[User talk:Elessar|talk]]) 02:17, 12 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
I once again remind you of staying away from New York City, especially from Financial District. Tomorrow is the day of the black sun. It becomes really dangerous now. World Socialism seeks to attack Financial District nuclearly. Stay away from New York from Monday on. --[[User:Elessar|Elessar]] ([[User talk:Elessar|talk]]) 02:47, 20 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
:Falsely shouting "fire!" in a crowded theater? [[User:NeilWalker|NeilWalker]] ([[User talk:NeilWalker|talk]]) 10:17, 20 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
::I dunno what you mean. --[[User:Elessar|Elessar]] ([[User talk:Elessar|talk]]) 15:46, 20 August 2017 (EDT)</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Queen_Elizabeth_II&diff=1368469Queen Elizabeth II2017-08-20T19:45:22Z<p>Elessar: /* Role in British politics */ no, she isn't. That's convention.</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:QueenElizabethII 2003.jpg|right|225px]]<br />
'''Queen Elizabeth II''' (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor, born April 21, 1926) is the reigning monarch and current [[head of state]] (1952-) of the [[United Kingdom]] of [[Great Britain]] and [[Northern Ireland]], and of 15 other [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] realms (see list below), including [[Canada]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]] and [[Jamaica]]. She is the elder daughter of King [[George VI]] and [[HM Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother|Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother]].<br />
<br />
In Britain, she is referred to formally as "Her Majesty the Queen", but is generally called simply "the Queen". Her full title, by virtue of the Royal Titles Act of 1953, is: "Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith".<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
She was the first child of the Duke and Duchess of York, who later became King [[George VI]] and Queen Consort Elizabeth. At birth she stood third in line of succession to the throne after Edward, Prince of Wales (later King [[Edward VIII]]), and her father. It was not expected that her father would become king, or that she would become queen. <br />
<br />
Princess Elizabeth's quiet family life came to an end in 1936, when her grandfather, King [[George V]], died. His eldest son came to the throne as King Edward VIII, but, before the end of the year, the new king decided to give up the throne in order to marry a divorced American woman, Mrs [[Wallis Simpson]]. <br />
<br />
Upon Edward's abdication, Princess Elizabeth's father acceded to the throne, and in 1937 Princess Elizabeth attended her parents' coronation in [[Westminster Abbey]]. This put her first in line to the throne.<br />
<br />
The princess received home tuition at Sandringham and [[Buckingham Palace]] during the 1930s, where her tutors included her father and Henry Marten, the Vice-Provost of Eton. She was also instructed in religion by the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]]. Now that she had became first in line to throne, Elizabeth started to study constitutional history and law as preparation for her future role as queen. Elizabeth also learned French from various French and Belgian governesses; this skill standing the queen in good stead, as she often has cause to use it when speaking to ambassadors and heads of state from French-speaking countries and when visiting French-speaking areas of [[Canada]].<br />
<br />
In 1940, at the height of [[the Blitz]], the young princess was moved to the safety of [[Windsor Castle]], where she spent most of the war years, although in 1945 she joined the Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service and trained as a driver, operating military trucks.<br />
<br />
==Marriage and Children ==<br />
She married [[Prince Philip|Philip Mountbatten]], [[Duke of Edinburgh]], on November 20, 1947. Their first child, [[Prince Charles]], now the [[Prince of Wales]], heir apparent to the throne, was born in 1948, and his sister, [[Princess Anne]] (now The [[Princess Royal]]), two years later. After Princess Elizabeth became queen, their third child, [[Prince Andrew]] (now the [[Duke of York]]), arrived in 1960, and the fourth, [[Prince Edward]] (now the Earl of Wessex and who will eventually become the Duke of Edinburgh), in 1964.<br />
<br />
The Queen has eight grandchildren--[[Prince William]], [[Duke of Cambridge]]; [[Prince Henry]] of Wales; Princess Beatrice of York; Princess Eugenie of York; James Mountbatten-Windsor, Viscount Severn; Lady Louise Mountbatten-Windsor; Peter Phillips; and Zara Tindall—and five great-grandchildren.<br />
<br />
==Accession to the throne and coronation==<br />
On February 6, 1952, Princess Elizabeth, who was on a tour of [[Kenya]] and staying at the Treetops Hotel, received the news of her father's death at Sandringham and her own accession to the throne.<br />
<br />
On June 2, 1953, Elizabeth was crowned Queen of the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]] and of Canada, Australia, New Zealand and her other realms and territories at [[Westminster Abbey]] by the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], and took the [[English coronation oath|coronation oath]] in the traditional coronation ceremony that has been used for at least 1000 years.<br />
<br />
== Role within the Church of England ==<br />
<br />
Since Queen Elizabeth has taken the throne she has taken the role of "Defender of the Faith and Supreme Governor of the Church of England". Archbishops and bishops are appointed by the Queen on the advice of the Prime Minister, who considers the names selected by a Church Commission.<ref>[http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/QueenandChurch/QueenandtheChurchofEngland.aspx Official Website of the British Monarchy:] Queen and the Church of England</ref> They take an oath of allegiance to The Queen on appointment and may not resign without Royal authority.<br />
<br />
In parliament the Queen's position in the Church of England is represented by a selection of Priests, known as the Lords Spiritual, taking positions in the [[House of Lords]]. In recent times, however, it has been discussed in the [[House of Commons]] that the Lords Spiritual have their positions removed.<br />
<br />
== Role in British politics ==<br />
The Queen's executive powers are limited by the constitution, and her role in the politics of the nation is largely ceremonial. The monarch is required to be politically neutral, while retaining the right "to be consulted, to advise and to warn" government ministers. Her powers, known as the "Royal prerogative" (to enact legislation, to declare war, to sign treaties and to award honours) are exercised instead by the government of the day. The Queen's greatest right is "the right to rule": the people of Britain are not ''citizens'', but ''subjects'' of the queen. The Queen accepts the decisions made by the democratically elected government of the UK. Although she signs her name to every Act of Parliament before it can become law, no monarch has defied Parliament - and by extension the people - by refusing to sign an Act since Queen Anne did so in 1708. The Queen has the right to vote in elections, but she chooses not to exercise this right, a principle adopted by all royals of the Windsor household.<br />
<br />
Though being a Monarch and a Christian, the Queen seems not to be conservative, but rather liberal. She signed the bill for legalizing abortion, for same-sex "marriage" and for "equal rights" for women to inherit the British throne even though it's discrimination against men because the husband of a reigning Queen does not become "King Consort" but usually "Prince Consort" in the UK. Also, she is in favor of the left-wing globalist European Union. The Queen is advised by the Privy Council.<br />
<br />
==The Commonwealth Realms==<br />
[[image:Australian 50c coins.jpg|thumb|200px|Australian 50c coins showing two different likenesses of Queen Elizabeth II]]<br />
*[[Antigua and Barbuda]]<br />
*[[Australia]]<br />
*The [[Bahamas]]<br />
*[[Barbados]]<br />
*[[Belize]]<br />
*[[Canada]]<br />
*[[Grenada]]<br />
*[[Jamaica]]<br />
*[[New Zealand]]<br />
*[[Papua New Guinea]]<br />
*[[Solomon Islands]]<br />
*[[St. Kitts and Nevis]]<br />
*[[St. Lucia]]<br />
*[[St. Vincent and the Grenadines]] <br />
*[[Tuvalu]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Elizabeth 2}}<br />
[[Category:British History]]<br />
[[Category:Current Heads of State]]<br />
[[Category:United Kingdom Monarchs]]<br />
[[Category:Anglicans]]<br />
[[Category:Queens]]<br />
[[Category:People who were Educated at Home]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_(disambiguation)&diff=1368399People's Party (disambiguation)2017-08-20T13:52:39Z<p>Elessar: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''People's Party''' can refer to:<br />
* [[People's Party]] - a pseudo-[[conservative]] party in [[Spain]].<br />
* [[People's Party (Ukraine)]]<br />
* [[People's Party (Puerto Rico)]]<br />
* [[People's Party (Samoa)]]<br />
* [[European People's Party]]<br />
* [[People's Party (United States)]]<br />
* [[People's Party (Utah)]]<br />
* [[People's Party (1970s)]]<br />
* [[Swiss People's Party]]<br />
* [[Danish Peoples Party|Danish People's Party]]<br />
* [[Austrian People's Party]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Disambiguation Pages]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Bram_Stoker&diff=1368398Bram Stoker2017-08-20T13:49:49Z<p>Elessar: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Abraham "Bram" Stoker''' (November 8, 1847 &mdash; April 20, 1912) is the author of the horror classic ''[[Dracula]]''. He was born in [[Dublin]] on November 8, 1847. He moved to London where he became involved in the theatre: he worked closely with Henry Irving, the great American actor, and ran the Lyceum Theatre which can still be seen just off the Strand.<br />
<br />
Contrary to popular belief, Stoker did not invent the concept of the [[vampire]] - he instead drew on [[Gothic]] novels of the early 19th century and European folklore he had spent eight years researching prior to writing the novel. His other works on the supernatural gained little publicity and were essentially failures.<br />
<br />
Bram Stoker had a fascination with the occult, and was rumored to be part of a "magical order", the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Much of ''Dracula'' reflects Stoker's obsession with the supernatural, and implies that God is powerless over it.<br />
<br />
Stoker died on April 20, 1912, and was cremated. His ashes are displayed at Golders Green crematorium in [[London]]. In [[Whitby]], where much of Dracula is set, there is a commemorative seat overlooking the harbour named in his memory.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Authors]]<br />
[[Category:Irish Authors|Stoker, Bram]]<br />
[[Category:Literature]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:New_York_City&diff=1368367Talk:New York City2017-08-20T06:47:07Z<p>Elessar: /* Worry */</p>
<hr />
<div>Forgive me for calling NYC religious. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] <sup>[[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]]</sup> 09:44, 11 December 2008 (EST)<br />
<br />
== Formatting ==<br />
<br />
I don't know enough about formatting to fix this, but I'm seeing a lot of problems with the images in this article overlapping. Is anyone else? [[User:RaymondP|RaymondP]] 17:22, 30 June 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Worry ==<br />
<br />
Don't ask me why, but I think you should stay away from New York City. If you live or work in New York, you should leave N.Y.C. It seems, there might be a nuclear attack onto Financial District. I really recommend everybody who lives there to leave New York. --[[User:Elessar|Elessar]] ([[User talk:Elessar|talk]]) 02:17, 12 August 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
I once again remind you of staying away from New York City, especially from Financial District. Tomorrow is the day of the black sun. It becomes really dangerous now. World Socialism seeks to attack Financial District nuclearly. Stay away from New York from Monday on. --[[User:Elessar|Elessar]] ([[User talk:Elessar|talk]]) 02:47, 20 August 2017 (EDT)</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Gerry_Adams&diff=1368128Gerry Adams2017-08-19T13:29:59Z<p>Elessar: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Gerry Adams''' (born October 6, 1948) has been the president of [[Sinn Féin]], a political party in the [[Republic of Ireland]] and in [[Northern Ireland]], since 1983. He has been elected to the [[United Kingdom]] parliament, for the Belfast West constituency, but has never formally taken up his seat, although he and other Sinn Fein MPs do make use of parliamentary facilities. Adams was one of the key figures in the [[Irish peace process]], which culminated with the 1998 [[Good Friday Agreement]].<ref>Moloney, E. (2002). A Secret History of the IRA. New York: WJ Wiley</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Gerard Adams (Gearóid Mac Ádhaimh in Irish) was born into a [[Catholic]] Nationalist family in West Belfast as one of ten siblings. Both sides of the family had an extensive history of involvement in Nationalist activities. Adams attended primary school in Belfast, but left school early to become a bartender, and joined Sinn Fein in 1964.<br />
<br />
== Republican activity ==<br />
Adams was an important figure in the [[terrorist]] [[IRA]] from the early 1970s.<ref>http://www.ivanfoster.org/page.asp?ira</ref> He was interned without trial in 1971 but released in July 1972 to participate in negotiations with the British government. Adams has consistently denied ever being an IRA member.<ref>Cowan, R. (October 1, 2002). Adams denies IRA links as book calls him genius. ''The Guardian''.</ref><br />
<br />
In 1983, Adams became the first member of Sinn Fein to be elected to the UK [[House of Commons]] since 1918. Sinn Fein had generally not contested UK elections during that period, as a protest against UK rule in Northern Ireland. Adams is an abstentionist MP, meaning that he has never taken his seat in the House of Commons, consistent with Sinn Fein policy.<br />
<br />
In March 1984 Adams survived an assassination attempt by members of the [[Ulster Freedom Fighters]], or UFF, a terrorist group dedicated to maintaining the link between Northern Ireland and the UK. The UFF members were arrested shortly after the shooting by undercover officers of the [[Royal Ulster Constabulary]], and Adams has claimed that the police were aware that the assassination attempt was planned and allowed it to happen.<ref>Maguire, K. (December 14, 2006). Adams wants 1984 shooting probe. ''BBC''.</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Adams, Gerry}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Terrorists]]<br />
[[Category:Socialists]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Transsylvania&diff=1368127Transsylvania2017-08-19T13:28:15Z<p>Elessar: Redirected page to Transylvania</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Transylvania]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Austria-Hungary&diff=1368126Austria-Hungary2017-08-19T13:27:39Z<p>Elessar: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Austria-Hungary''', or the '''Austro-Hungarian Empire''', known also as the 'dual monarchy', was the final form adopted by the [[Habsburg]] Empire in central [[Europe]]. The empire was reorganised in 1867 to two monarchic entities, the Austrian empire also known as Cisleithania (incorporating modern [[Austria]], [[Bohemia]], [[Moravia]], [[Tyrol]] including South Tyrol, [[Slovenia]], [[Dalmatia]] and the Lemberg (Lviv) region of western [[Ukraine]]) and the Apostolic Kingdom of Hungary also known as Transleithania ([[Hungary]], [[Slovakia]], [[Transsylvania]], and [[Croatia]]). The two monarchies were united under single monarch, and although Austria and Hungary had separate governments for domestic purposes, they were one single country on the international stage. The reorganisation had taken place in an attempt to ease the strains within the monolithic Austrian Empire between the various national groups (indeed, the 'dual monarchy' Austro-Hungarian model was for a time advocated by early [[Sinn Féin]] as a way of solving the disputes between [[Ireland]] and [[Great Britain]]). However, it failed to satisfy the aspirations of the smaller national groupings in the empire, and indeed the Hungarian government, once freed of control from [[Vienna]], itself attempted to 'Hungarianise' the Romanian, Slovak, Serbian and Croatian minorities within its borders.<br />
<br />
Under such strains, the dual monarchy system could not survive the shock of defeat in the [[First World War]]. The empire broke up into a number of separate sovereign states and areas annexed to neighbouring states; this was formalised by treaties made in 1919-20.<br />
<br />
The following states emerged from the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the 1918-20 period: [[Austria]], [[Hungary]], [[Czechoslovakia]]. Land formerly part of the empire was also annexed by [[Italy]], [[Yugoslavia]], [[Romania]] and [[Poland]].<br />
<br />
[[Category:Austrian History]]<br />
[[Category:Hungarian History]]<br />
[[Category:Former Countries]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Supersonic_speed&diff=1368125Supersonic speed2017-08-19T13:17:58Z<p>Elessar: </p>
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<div>Any [[speed]] that is faster than the speed of [[sound]] in the substance of interest.<ref>Wile, Dr. Jay L. ''Exploring Creation With Physical Science''. Apologia Educational Ministries, Inc. 1999, 2000</ref><br />
<br />
The prefix Mach is used to describe an airplane's true airspeed relative to the local speed of sound. It derives form Ernst Mach, an [[Austria-Hungary|Austria]]n scientist who contributed to the study of sound. When a plane moves at the speed of sound (in air) it is Mach 1. When twice the speed of sound it is Mach 2. At Mach 0.5, an airplane is travelling at half the local speed of sound. When a plane flies faster than sound travels, listeners hear a [[sonic boom]].<br />
<br />
The speed of sound in air is 770&nbsp;mph, or 1130&nbsp;ft/s (1230&nbsp;km/h or 344&nbsp;m/s) in dry air at 70F.<ref>Speed of Sound http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/sound/souspe.html, Retrieved 7March2008</ref> Sound travels faster in water than it does in air, and even faster in iron and steel. <br />
<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
[[Category:Science]]<br />
[[Category:Physics]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Supersonic_speed&diff=1368124Supersonic speed2017-08-19T13:17:07Z<p>Elessar: </p>
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<div>Any [[speed]] that is faster than the speed of [[sound]] in the substance of interest.<ref>Wile, Dr. Jay L. ''Exploring Creation With Physical Science''. Apologia Educational Ministries, Inc. 1999, 2000</ref><br />
<br />
The prefix Mach is used to describe an airplane's true airspeed relative to the local speed of sound. It derives form Ernst Mach, an [[Austria-Hungary|Austria]]n scientist who contributed to the study of sound. When a plane moves at the speed of sound (in air) it is Mach 1. When twice the speed of sound it is Mach 2. At Mach 0.5, an airplane is travelling at half the local speed of sound. When a plane flies faster than sound travels, listeners hear a [[sonic boom]].<br />
<br />
The speed of sound in air is 770&nbsp;mph, or 1130&nbsp;ft/s (1230&nbsp;km/h or 344&nbsp;m/s) in dry air at 70F.<ref>Speed of Sound http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/sound/souspe.html, Retrieved 7March2008</ref> Sound travels faster in water than it does in air, and even faster in iron and steel. <br />
<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
[[Category:Physics]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Highland&diff=1368109Highland2017-08-19T06:51:13Z<p>Elessar: </p>
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<div>'''Highland''' is a [[Scottish]] Council (local administration area) made up of the [[County|counties]] Sutherland, Caithness and Nairnshire, as well as parts of Inverness-shire, Ross and Cromarty and Argyll. It has a population of 211,340 (2004 census) and covers an area of 10225 square miles, approximately one third of Scotland.<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
<br />
[http://www.highland.gov.uk/ Highland Council] homepage<br />
<br />
[[Category:Scottish Counties and Regions]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Dirty_Dancing&diff=1367846Dirty Dancing2017-08-17T18:49:18Z<p>Elessar: </p>
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<div>'''''Dirty Dancing''''' is a movie that shows liberals at their best. Set in 1963, before the [[Kennedy Assassination]] the [[British Invasion|Beatles]] and [[moon launch]]es, the film shows "Baby", a girl who wants to join the [[Peace movement]]. She is on vacation with her family in the Catskills before starting at Mt. Holyoke College. She becomes interested in the low-paid staff and their social center Johnny, a highly skilled dance instructor. Raised to be a do-gooder by her doctor father, Baby helps a friend of Johnny's who was made pregnant (and dumped) by her Ivy League boyfriend.<br />
<br />
Baby gets money from her father, without telling him what it is for, to pay for the gray-market abortion. When the girl is injured during the procedure, she wakes her father in the middle of the night to provide emergency care. (If the hotel manager were to discover her pregnancy or abortion, she'd probably be fired - along with Johnny and most of his friends.)<br />
<br />
Baby also agrees to substitute for Johnny's friend in a dance recital, even though she's hardly ever done any [[ballroom dancing]]. Johnny coaches her intensively, and she develops a crush on him. Eventually, they fall in love and sleep together. She conceals this from her father until a crucial moment when Johnny is suspected of stealing a wallet at night, and Baby provides an alibi for him by revealing that he was with her all night. <br />
<br />
The do-gooding background of the story is the social concern over black civil rights (although there are no black characters in the movie at all, not even extras). The manager hires only Ivy League men as waiters, and one Ivy Leaguer boasts that he and two friends are going to do a [[Freedom Ride]] in Mississippi. Baby is planning a stint in the Peace Corps after majoring in economics of third-world countries. <br />
<br />
The irony here is that for all their do-gooding intentions, the upper-class whites don't really care about the "poor" people they are helping. They just drop in, make a small sacrifice, and continue on with their lives of privilege and opulence. Their idealism is also crass and limited: Baby cashes in a lifetime of honesty and purity to blackmail her sister with first-ever lie, and she gives her virginity to a man she's not married to (Johnny) simply because she has become infatuated him due to all the attention and close contact during the dance coaching.<br />
<br />
This movie is aimed at teenagers, being a girl's coming-of-age fantasy of reaching sensual and spiritual perfection in a one-week encounter with an Adonis;<br />
but it should be seen only by college graduates. <br />
<br />
[[Category:Movies]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Liechtenstein&diff=1367670Liechtenstein2017-08-16T15:12:36Z<p>Elessar: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Country<br />
|name =''Fürstentum Liechtenstein (German)''<br/>''Principality of Liechtenstein''<br />
|map =<br />
|map2 =<br />
|flag =Flag of Liechtenstein.gif<br />
|arms =Arms of Staatswappen-Liechtensteins.png<br />
|capital =Vaduz<br />
|capital-raw =<br />
|government-raw =Semi-Constitutional Monarchy<br />
|language =German<br />
|king =<br />
|queen =<br />
|monarch-raw =[[Hans-Adam II]] <br> (deputized by his son, Regent [[Alois of Liechtenstein|Alois]])<br />
|president =<br />
|president-raw =<br />
|chancellor =<br />
|chancellor-raw =<br />
|pm =Adrian Hasler<br />
|pm-raw =<br />
|area =61 sq mi<br />
|pop =37,937<br />
|pop-basis =2016<br />
|gdp =<br />
|gdp-year =$3.545 billion (2010)<br />
|gdp-pc =$98,432 (2010)<br />
|currency =Swiss franc<br />
|idd =<br />
|tld =.li<br />
}}<br />
'''Liechtenstein''' is a small [[Europe]]an country, having a population of 34,000. The tiny principality is in the [[Alps]], situated between [[Switzerland]] and [[Austria]]. Its capital town is [[Vaduz]]. The official language German, while the inhabitants speak an Alemannic dialect of German.<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
*Area: 61.7 sq. miles. (160 km<sup>2</sup>.); about the size of Washington, DC. <br />
*Cities: Capital—Vaduz.<br />
*Terrain: 66% mountains, the remainder hills and plateau situated next to the Rhine.<br />
*Climate: Continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers. <br />
<br />
==People==<br />
*Population (2007): 35,168, of which 33.9% foreigners, mainly Swiss, Austrians, Germans, and Italians.<br />
*Annual population growth rate: 2.1%.<br />
*Ethnic groups: Liechtensteiners, Swiss, Austrians, and Germans. <br />
*Religions: Roman Catholic 80.4%, Protestant 7.1%, others 12.5%.<br />
*Languages: German (official), Alemannic dialect. <br />
<br />
==Government==<br />
According to the Constitution, the government is a collegial body and consists of the head of government and four governmental councilors. The head of government and ministers are appointed by the Prince, following the proposals of the Parliament. <br />
<br />
Amendments to the constitution and new laws have to be adopted by parliament, signed by both the Prince and the Head of Government, and published in the Principality's Law Gazette. <br />
<br />
Prince Hans-Adam II is the Head of State. He is entitled to exercise his right to state leadership in accordance with the provisions of the constitution and of other laws. On August 15, 2004 Prince Hans-Adam II entrusted Hereditary Prince Alois as his representative with the exercise of all sovereign rights pertaining to him, in accordance with the Liechtenstein Constitution. <br />
<br />
He represents the state vis-à-vis foreign states. He signs international treaties either in person or delegates this function to a plenipotentiary. In accordance with international law, some treaties only become valid when they have been ratified by parliament. <br />
<br />
The Prince's involvement in legislation includes the right to take initiatives in the form of government bills and the right to veto parliamentary proposals. <br />
<br />
The Prince has the power to enact princely decrees. Emergency princely decrees are possible when the security and welfare of the country is at stake. A countersignature by the Head of Government is required. <br />
<br />
The Prince has the right to convene and adjourn parliament and, for serious reasons, to adjourn it for three months or to dissolve it. <br />
<br />
The Prince nominates the government, district and high court judges, the judges of the Supreme Court, and the presidents and their deputies of the Constitutional Court and of the Administrative Court of Appeal on the basis of the names put forward by parliament. <br />
<br />
The Prince's other authorities include mitigating and commuting punishments that have been imposed with legal force and the abolition—i.e. the dismissal—of investigations that have been initiated. All judgments are issued in the name of the Prince. <br />
<br />
Citizens elect the parliament directly under a system of proportional representation. Until 1989, 15 members represented the population of the two constituencies (6 for the lowland area and 9 for the highland area). Since 1989 the lowland constituency has been entitled to have 10 members and the highland area 15 members. <br />
<br />
The Parliament's main task is to discuss and adopt resolutions on constitutional proposals and draft government bills. It has the additional duties of giving its assent to important international treaties, of electing members of the government, judges and board members of the Principality's institutions, setting the annual budget and approving taxes and other public charges, and supervising the administration of the state. <br />
<br />
The Parliament observes its rights and duties in the course of sessions of the whole parliament and through the parliamentary commissions that it elects. All members of parliament exercise their mandates in addition to their normal professions or occupations. The President of parliament and his deputy are both elected at the opening meeting for the current year. The President convenes the individual meetings during the session, leads them and represents parliament externally. <br />
<br />
During the parliamentary recess—normally from January to February/March—a "state committee" assumes parliament's duties, and such a committee must also be elected in the case of any adjournment or dissolution of parliament. A "state committee" consists of the President of parliament and four other members. <br />
<br />
The duties and working procedures of parliament are laid down in the constitution and in parliament's standing orders. <br />
<br />
The government of Liechtenstein is based on the principle of collegiality. The government consists of the Head of Government and four Councilors. The members of the government are proposed by the parliament and are appointed by the Prince. Only men or women born in Liechtenstein, and who are eligible to be elected to parliament, may be elected to the government committee. The two electoral areas of the country, the highlands and the lowlands, are entitled to at least two members of the government, and their respective deputies must come from the same area. <br />
<br />
===Principal Government Officials===<br />
*Adrian Hasler (Head of the Government)—Prime Minister, Government Executive, Finance, Construction and Public Works <br />
*Daniel Risch—Deputy Prime Minister, Economic Affairs, Justice, and Sports<br />
*Rita Kieber-Beck—Foreign Affairs, Cultural Affairs, Family and Equal Opportunity <br />
*Hugo Quaderer—Education, Social Affairs, Land Use Planning, Agriculture and Forestry <br />
*Martin Meyer—Home Affairs, Public Health, Transport and Telecommunications<br />
*Robert Walner—Attorney General <br />
*Christian Wenaweser—Permanent Representative to the UN <br />
<br />
===Political Conditions===<br />
The political parties are the moving forces with regard to the composition of the government and in the parliament. For the 2005-2009 legislature period of office one Councilor and three deputies are women. <br />
<br />
From 1938 to 1997, Liechtenstein had a coalition government and there were only two parties in parliament, the Fatherland Union and the Progressive Citizen's Party. Liechtenstein's distinctive form of coalition government came to an end in April 1997. The Fatherland Union took sole responsibility for the government during the 1997 to 2001 parliament, with its members filling all the positions on the government committee. In 2001, the Progressive Citizen's Party held the majority, and provided all the members of the government. The minority parties, as opposition parties, acted as a check on the government in parliament and on parliamentary commissions. <br />
<br />
In the March 2005 parliamentary election a new political party, the Free List, earned enough votes to gain three seats, preventing either of the two larger parties from gaining an absolute majority. A new Parliament was elected and a grand coalition was formed; the two strongest factions, the center-right Progressive Citizens' Party and the center-left Fatherland Union, holding 3 and 2 cabinet seats respectively. There are 25 seats in the Landtag, divided as follows: Progressive Citizen's Party 12, Fatherland Union 10, Free List 3. There are 6 women in the 25-seat Parliament and 1 in the 5-member Cabinet. Women first gained the right to vote in Liechtenstein and a growing number of women are active in politics. Women served on the executive committees of the major parties. <br />
<br />
In March 2003, the Liechtenstein electorate endorsed with a decisive margin Prince Hans-Adam II's proposal for a revision of the Liechtenstein Constitution which granted him the power to dissolve Parliament and appoint an interim government, dismiss individual members of Government, and veto any parliamentary legislation by not signing the bill within six months. Without the approval of the reigning prince, no further constitutional amendments can be adopted, except in the case of a referendum abolishing the royal house. The Prince now also has final approval on the appointment of judges, and the State Court loses its key competence to mediate between the Government and the Prince on constitutional matters. In September 2005 an ad-hoc committee of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe met with a delegation of the Liechtenstein Parliament in Vaduz for a first round of talks on this change to the constitutional order. The talks are part of a dialogue that the Parliamentary Assembly chose as an alternative to a standard monitoring procedure to assess the constitutional order following the adoption in 2003 of a series of amendments to the Liechtenstein Constitution. <br />
<br />
===Foreign Relations and Defense===<br />
Defense is the responsibility of Switzerland. In 1978, Liechtenstein became a member of the Council of Europe and then joined the UN in 1990, the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) in 1991, and both the European Economic Area (EEA) and World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995.<br />
<br />
==Economy==<br />
Since the signing of the Customs Treaty in 1924, Liechtenstein and Switzerland have represented one mutual economic area with open borders between the two countries. Liechtenstein also uses the Swiss franc as its national currency, and Swiss customs officers secure the border with Austria. <br />
<br />
Liechtenstein is a member of EFTA and joined the European Economic Area (EEA) in 1995 in order to benefit from the EU internal market. The liberal economy and tax-system make Liechtenstein a safe, trustworthy and success-oriented place for private and business purposes, especially with its highly modern, internationally laid-out infrastructure and nearby connections to the whole world. In 2007, Liechtenstein had an obligation under the EEA treaty to harmonize its laws with EU directives 2005/36 and 1999/42 on the mutual recognition of EU and EEA university and professional diplomas. Liechtenstein is also part of the EU fund on research and technology and is entitled to participate to EU projects and subsidies. <br />
<br />
The Principality of Liechtenstein has gone through economic and cultural development in the last 40 years like no other Western country. In this short period of time Liechtenstein developed from mainly an agricultural state to one of the most highly industrialized countries in the world. <br />
<br />
Besides its efficient industry, Liechtenstein also has a strong services sector. Four out of ten employees work in the services sector, a relatively high proportion of whom are foreigners, including those who commute across the border from the neighboring states of Switzerland and Austria. Total exports increased from $3 billion (SFr. 3 billion) in 2000 to $3.6 billion (SFr. 3.6 billion) in 2006, while total imports increased from $1.5 billion (SFr. 1.5 billion) to $2.16 billion (SFr. 2.16 billion) during the same period. In 2005, about 14% of Liechtenstein's goods were exported to Switzerland, 44% to the EU, 18% to the U.S., 24% to the Asia/Pacific, and the remaining share to the rest of the world. Liechtenstein imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. The Liechtenstein industrial sector contributes 44% of the country's GDP, followed by services (26%) and agriculture (7%). Despite Liechtenstein's overall good competitive performance, there is a trend among businesses to outsource their production in low cost countries. <br />
<br />
In 2005, the U.S. was the third most important trading partner for Liechtenstein, with approximately $521 million (SFr. 521 million) worth of exports and $72 million (SFr. 72 million) of imports. Germany was first with a total trade value of $2.1 billion (SFr. 2.1 billion) and Austria second with $1.4 billion (SFr. 1.4 billion). Although Switzerland is an important trading partner, trade statistics are unavailable because both countries are in a customs union. Approximately 5% of the country's revenue is invested in research and development, one of the driving forces of the success of Liechtenstein's economy. The Principality of Liechtenstein is also known as an important financial center, primarily because it specializes in financial services for foreign entities. The country's low tax rate, loose incorporation and corporate governance rules, and traditions of strict bank secrecy have contributed significantly to the ability of financial intermediaries in Liechtenstein to attract funds from outside the country's borders. The same factors made the country attractive and vulnerable to money launderers, although late 2000 legislation has strengthened regulatory oversight of illicit funds transfers. <br />
<br />
Liechtenstein has chartered 17 banks, 3 non-bank financial companies, and 71 public investment companies, as well as insurance and reinsurance companies. Its 270 licensed fiduciary companies and 81 lawyers serve as nominees for, or manage, more than 75,000 entities (primarily corporations, institutions, or trusts), mostly for non-Liechtenstein residents. Approximately one-third of these entities hold the controlling interest in other entities, chartered in countries other than Liechtenstein. The Principality's laws permit the corporations it charters to issue bearer shares. Until recently, the Principality's banking laws permitted banks to issue numbered accounts, but new regulations require strict know-your-customer practices for all accounts. <br />
*GDP (2004): U.S. $4.28 billion (SFr. 4.28 billion).<br />
*Annual growth rate: 2.6%. <br />
*Unemployment (2006): 3.3%, or 584 individuals (based on new definition).<br />
*Avg. inflation rate (2006): 1.1%. <br />
*Agriculture (7% of GDP): Wheat, barley, corn, potatoes, livestock, dairy products.<br />
*Industry (44% of GDP): Electronics, metal manufacturing, textiles, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments. <br />
*Services (26% of GDP): Financial, tourism.<br />
*Trade (2006): Exports--$3.6 billion (SFr 3.6 billion, +11.7% over 2005). Main products—small specialty machinery, dental products, stamps, hardware, pottery. Major markets—U.S., Germany, Switzerland, France, Italy, Taiwan, Japan, Austria, and United Kingdom. Imports--$2.16 billion (SFr 2.16 billion, +13.3% over 2005). Main products—machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles. Major suppliers—EU countries, Switzerland. <br />
*Exchange rate (April 2008): Swiss francs per U.S. dollar = 1.0. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The Liechtenstein Family of Austria acquired the fiefs of Vaduz and Schellenberg in 1699 and 1713 respectively, and gained the status of an independent principality of the Holy Roman Empire in 1719 under the name Liechtenstein. The French, under Napoleon, occupied the country for a few years, but Liechtenstein regained its independence in 1815 within the new German Confederation. In 1868, after the Confederation dissolved, Liechtenstein disbanded its army of 80 men and declared its permanent neutrality, which was respected during both world wars. <br />
<br />
In 1919, Liechtenstein entrusted its external relations to neutral Switzerland. After World War II, Liechtenstein became increasingly important as a financial center, and the country became more prosperous. In 1989, Prince Hans Adam II succeeded his father to the throne and in 1996 settled a long-running dispute with Russia over the Liechtenstein family's archives, which had been confiscated during the Soviet occupation of Vienna in 1945 and later moved to Moscow. In 1978, Liechtenstein became a member of the Council of Europe and then joined the UN in 1990, the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) in 1991, and both the European Economic Area (EEA) and World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995. <br />
<br />
<br />
{| style="width: 100%; background:transparent; border: 2px solid #000099;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1"<br />
!colspan=2 style="width: 100%; text-align: center; background-color: #000088; color: white; "|'''Copyright Details'''<br />
|-<br />
!style="background-color: #000088; color:white;"|License:<br />
|style=" background-color: none;"| <small>This work is in the [[Public Domain]] in the United States because it is a work of the United States Federal Government under the terms of Title 17, Chapter 1, Section 105 of the U.S. Code</small><br />
|-<br />
!style=" background-color: #000088; color:white;"|Source:<br />
|style="background-color: none;border-top: 2px solid black"| <small>File available from the {{{1|[[United States Federal Government]] [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/9403.htm]</small>}}}. <br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Liechtenstein]]<br />
[[Category:European Countries]]<br />
[[Category:Micronations]]<br />
[[Category:Landlocked Countries]]<br />
[[Category:Christian-Majority Countries]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Liechtenstein&diff=1367669Liechtenstein2017-08-16T15:10:41Z<p>Elessar: /* Government */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Country<br />
|name =''Fürstentum Liechtenstein (German)''<br/>''Principality of Liechtenstein''<br />
|map =<br />
|map2 =<br />
|flag =Flag of Liechtenstein.gif<br />
|arms =Arms of Staatswappen-Liechtensteins.png<br />
|capital =Vaduz<br />
|capital-raw =<br />
|government-raw =Semi-Constitutional Monarchy<br />
|language =German<br />
|king =<br />
|queen =<br />
|monarch-raw =[[Hans-Adam II]] <br> (deputized by his son, Regent [[Alois of Liechtenstein|Alois]])<br />
|president =<br />
|president-raw =<br />
|chancellor =<br />
|chancellor-raw =<br />
|pm =Adrian Hasler<br />
|pm-raw =<br />
|area =61 sq mi<br />
|pop =37,937<br />
|pop-basis =2016<br />
|gdp =<br />
|gdp-year =$3.545 billion (2010)<br />
|gdp-pc =$98,432 (2010)<br />
|currency =Swiss franc<br />
|idd =<br />
|tld =.li<br />
}}<br />
'''Liechtenstein''' is a small [[Europe]]an country, with a population of 34,000. The tiny principality is in the [[Alps]], situated between [[Switzerland]] and [[Austria]]. The capital is Vaduz. The official language German, while the inhabitants speak an Alemannic dialect of German.<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
*Area: 61.7 sq. miles. (160 km<sup>2</sup>.); about the size of Washington, DC. <br />
*Cities: Capital—Vaduz.<br />
*Terrain: 66% mountains, the remainder hills and plateau situated next to the Rhine.<br />
*Climate: Continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers. <br />
<br />
==People==<br />
*Population (2007): 35,168, of which 33.9% foreigners, mainly Swiss, Austrians, Germans, and Italians.<br />
*Annual population growth rate: 2.1%.<br />
*Ethnic groups: Liechtensteiners, Swiss, Austrians, and Germans. <br />
*Religions: Roman Catholic 80.4%, Protestant 7.1%, others 12.5%.<br />
*Languages: German (official), Alemannic dialect. <br />
<br />
==Government==<br />
According to the Constitution, the government is a collegial body and consists of the head of government and four governmental councilors. The head of government and ministers are appointed by the Prince, following the proposals of the Parliament. <br />
<br />
Amendments to the constitution and new laws have to be adopted by parliament, signed by both the Prince and the Head of Government, and published in the Principality's Law Gazette. <br />
<br />
Prince Hans-Adam II is the Head of State. He is entitled to exercise his right to state leadership in accordance with the provisions of the constitution and of other laws. On August 15, 2004 Prince Hans-Adam II entrusted Hereditary Prince Alois as his representative with the exercise of all sovereign rights pertaining to him, in accordance with the Liechtenstein Constitution. <br />
<br />
He represents the state vis-à-vis foreign states. He signs international treaties either in person or delegates this function to a plenipotentiary. In accordance with international law, some treaties only become valid when they have been ratified by parliament. <br />
<br />
The Prince's involvement in legislation includes the right to take initiatives in the form of government bills and the right to veto parliamentary proposals. <br />
<br />
The Prince has the power to enact princely decrees. Emergency princely decrees are possible when the security and welfare of the country is at stake. A countersignature by the Head of Government is required. <br />
<br />
The Prince has the right to convene and adjourn parliament and, for serious reasons, to adjourn it for three months or to dissolve it. <br />
<br />
The Prince nominates the government, district and high court judges, the judges of the Supreme Court, and the presidents and their deputies of the Constitutional Court and of the Administrative Court of Appeal on the basis of the names put forward by parliament. <br />
<br />
The Prince's other authorities include mitigating and commuting punishments that have been imposed with legal force and the abolition—i.e. the dismissal—of investigations that have been initiated. All judgments are issued in the name of the Prince. <br />
<br />
Citizens elect the parliament directly under a system of proportional representation. Until 1989, 15 members represented the population of the two constituencies (6 for the lowland area and 9 for the highland area). Since 1989 the lowland constituency has been entitled to have 10 members and the highland area 15 members. <br />
<br />
The Parliament's main task is to discuss and adopt resolutions on constitutional proposals and draft government bills. It has the additional duties of giving its assent to important international treaties, of electing members of the government, judges and board members of the Principality's institutions, setting the annual budget and approving taxes and other public charges, and supervising the administration of the state. <br />
<br />
The Parliament observes its rights and duties in the course of sessions of the whole parliament and through the parliamentary commissions that it elects. All members of parliament exercise their mandates in addition to their normal professions or occupations. The President of parliament and his deputy are both elected at the opening meeting for the current year. The President convenes the individual meetings during the session, leads them and represents parliament externally. <br />
<br />
During the parliamentary recess—normally from January to February/March—a "state committee" assumes parliament's duties, and such a committee must also be elected in the case of any adjournment or dissolution of parliament. A "state committee" consists of the President of parliament and four other members. <br />
<br />
The duties and working procedures of parliament are laid down in the constitution and in parliament's standing orders. <br />
<br />
The government of Liechtenstein is based on the principle of collegiality. The government consists of the Head of Government and four Councilors. The members of the government are proposed by the parliament and are appointed by the Prince. Only men or women born in Liechtenstein, and who are eligible to be elected to parliament, may be elected to the government committee. The two electoral areas of the country, the highlands and the lowlands, are entitled to at least two members of the government, and their respective deputies must come from the same area. <br />
<br />
===Principal Government Officials===<br />
*Adrian Hasler (Head of the Government)—Prime Minister, Government Executive, Finance, Construction and Public Works <br />
*Daniel Risch—Deputy Prime Minister, Economic Affairs, Justice, and Sports<br />
*Rita Kieber-Beck—Foreign Affairs, Cultural Affairs, Family and Equal Opportunity <br />
*Hugo Quaderer—Education, Social Affairs, Land Use Planning, Agriculture and Forestry <br />
*Martin Meyer—Home Affairs, Public Health, Transport and Telecommunications<br />
*Robert Walner—Attorney General <br />
*Christian Wenaweser—Permanent Representative to the UN <br />
<br />
===Political Conditions===<br />
The political parties are the moving forces with regard to the composition of the government and in the parliament. For the 2005-2009 legislature period of office one Councilor and three deputies are women. <br />
<br />
From 1938 to 1997, Liechtenstein had a coalition government and there were only two parties in parliament, the Fatherland Union and the Progressive Citizen's Party. Liechtenstein's distinctive form of coalition government came to an end in April 1997. The Fatherland Union took sole responsibility for the government during the 1997 to 2001 parliament, with its members filling all the positions on the government committee. In 2001, the Progressive Citizen's Party held the majority, and provided all the members of the government. The minority parties, as opposition parties, acted as a check on the government in parliament and on parliamentary commissions. <br />
<br />
In the March 2005 parliamentary election a new political party, the Free List, earned enough votes to gain three seats, preventing either of the two larger parties from gaining an absolute majority. A new Parliament was elected and a grand coalition was formed; the two strongest factions, the center-right Progressive Citizens' Party and the center-left Fatherland Union, holding 3 and 2 cabinet seats respectively. There are 25 seats in the Landtag, divided as follows: Progressive Citizen's Party 12, Fatherland Union 10, Free List 3. There are 6 women in the 25-seat Parliament and 1 in the 5-member Cabinet. Women first gained the right to vote in Liechtenstein and a growing number of women are active in politics. Women served on the executive committees of the major parties. <br />
<br />
In March 2003, the Liechtenstein electorate endorsed with a decisive margin Prince Hans-Adam II's proposal for a revision of the Liechtenstein Constitution which granted him the power to dissolve Parliament and appoint an interim government, dismiss individual members of Government, and veto any parliamentary legislation by not signing the bill within six months. Without the approval of the reigning prince, no further constitutional amendments can be adopted, except in the case of a referendum abolishing the royal house. The Prince now also has final approval on the appointment of judges, and the State Court loses its key competence to mediate between the Government and the Prince on constitutional matters. In September 2005 an ad-hoc committee of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe met with a delegation of the Liechtenstein Parliament in Vaduz for a first round of talks on this change to the constitutional order. The talks are part of a dialogue that the Parliamentary Assembly chose as an alternative to a standard monitoring procedure to assess the constitutional order following the adoption in 2003 of a series of amendments to the Liechtenstein Constitution. <br />
<br />
===Foreign Relations and Defense===<br />
Defense is the responsibility of Switzerland. In 1978, Liechtenstein became a member of the Council of Europe and then joined the UN in 1990, the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) in 1991, and both the European Economic Area (EEA) and World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995.<br />
<br />
==Economy==<br />
Since the signing of the Customs Treaty in 1924, Liechtenstein and Switzerland have represented one mutual economic area with open borders between the two countries. Liechtenstein also uses the Swiss franc as its national currency, and Swiss customs officers secure the border with Austria. <br />
<br />
Liechtenstein is a member of EFTA and joined the European Economic Area (EEA) in 1995 in order to benefit from the EU internal market. The liberal economy and tax-system make Liechtenstein a safe, trustworthy and success-oriented place for private and business purposes, especially with its highly modern, internationally laid-out infrastructure and nearby connections to the whole world. In 2007, Liechtenstein had an obligation under the EEA treaty to harmonize its laws with EU directives 2005/36 and 1999/42 on the mutual recognition of EU and EEA university and professional diplomas. Liechtenstein is also part of the EU fund on research and technology and is entitled to participate to EU projects and subsidies. <br />
<br />
The Principality of Liechtenstein has gone through economic and cultural development in the last 40 years like no other Western country. In this short period of time Liechtenstein developed from mainly an agricultural state to one of the most highly industrialized countries in the world. <br />
<br />
Besides its efficient industry, Liechtenstein also has a strong services sector. Four out of ten employees work in the services sector, a relatively high proportion of whom are foreigners, including those who commute across the border from the neighboring states of Switzerland and Austria. Total exports increased from $3 billion (SFr. 3 billion) in 2000 to $3.6 billion (SFr. 3.6 billion) in 2006, while total imports increased from $1.5 billion (SFr. 1.5 billion) to $2.16 billion (SFr. 2.16 billion) during the same period. In 2005, about 14% of Liechtenstein's goods were exported to Switzerland, 44% to the EU, 18% to the U.S., 24% to the Asia/Pacific, and the remaining share to the rest of the world. Liechtenstein imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. The Liechtenstein industrial sector contributes 44% of the country's GDP, followed by services (26%) and agriculture (7%). Despite Liechtenstein's overall good competitive performance, there is a trend among businesses to outsource their production in low cost countries. <br />
<br />
In 2005, the U.S. was the third most important trading partner for Liechtenstein, with approximately $521 million (SFr. 521 million) worth of exports and $72 million (SFr. 72 million) of imports. Germany was first with a total trade value of $2.1 billion (SFr. 2.1 billion) and Austria second with $1.4 billion (SFr. 1.4 billion). Although Switzerland is an important trading partner, trade statistics are unavailable because both countries are in a customs union. Approximately 5% of the country's revenue is invested in research and development, one of the driving forces of the success of Liechtenstein's economy. The Principality of Liechtenstein is also known as an important financial center, primarily because it specializes in financial services for foreign entities. The country's low tax rate, loose incorporation and corporate governance rules, and traditions of strict bank secrecy have contributed significantly to the ability of financial intermediaries in Liechtenstein to attract funds from outside the country's borders. The same factors made the country attractive and vulnerable to money launderers, although late 2000 legislation has strengthened regulatory oversight of illicit funds transfers. <br />
<br />
Liechtenstein has chartered 17 banks, 3 non-bank financial companies, and 71 public investment companies, as well as insurance and reinsurance companies. Its 270 licensed fiduciary companies and 81 lawyers serve as nominees for, or manage, more than 75,000 entities (primarily corporations, institutions, or trusts), mostly for non-Liechtenstein residents. Approximately one-third of these entities hold the controlling interest in other entities, chartered in countries other than Liechtenstein. The Principality's laws permit the corporations it charters to issue bearer shares. Until recently, the Principality's banking laws permitted banks to issue numbered accounts, but new regulations require strict know-your-customer practices for all accounts. <br />
*GDP (2004): U.S. $4.28 billion (SFr. 4.28 billion).<br />
*Annual growth rate: 2.6%. <br />
*Unemployment (2006): 3.3%, or 584 individuals (based on new definition).<br />
*Avg. inflation rate (2006): 1.1%. <br />
*Agriculture (7% of GDP): Wheat, barley, corn, potatoes, livestock, dairy products.<br />
*Industry (44% of GDP): Electronics, metal manufacturing, textiles, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments. <br />
*Services (26% of GDP): Financial, tourism.<br />
*Trade (2006): Exports--$3.6 billion (SFr 3.6 billion, +11.7% over 2005). Main products—small specialty machinery, dental products, stamps, hardware, pottery. Major markets—U.S., Germany, Switzerland, France, Italy, Taiwan, Japan, Austria, and United Kingdom. Imports--$2.16 billion (SFr 2.16 billion, +13.3% over 2005). Main products—machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles. Major suppliers—EU countries, Switzerland. <br />
*Exchange rate (April 2008): Swiss francs per U.S. dollar = 1.0. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The Liechtenstein Family of Austria acquired the fiefs of Vaduz and Schellenberg in 1699 and 1713 respectively, and gained the status of an independent principality of the Holy Roman Empire in 1719 under the name Liechtenstein. The French, under Napoleon, occupied the country for a few years, but Liechtenstein regained its independence in 1815 within the new German Confederation. In 1868, after the Confederation dissolved, Liechtenstein disbanded its army of 80 men and declared its permanent neutrality, which was respected during both world wars. <br />
<br />
In 1919, Liechtenstein entrusted its external relations to neutral Switzerland. After World War II, Liechtenstein became increasingly important as a financial center, and the country became more prosperous. In 1989, Prince Hans Adam II succeeded his father to the throne and in 1996 settled a long-running dispute with Russia over the Liechtenstein family's archives, which had been confiscated during the Soviet occupation of Vienna in 1945 and later moved to Moscow. In 1978, Liechtenstein became a member of the Council of Europe and then joined the UN in 1990, the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) in 1991, and both the European Economic Area (EEA) and World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995. <br />
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!style=" background-color: #000088; color:white;"|Source:<br />
|style="background-color: none;border-top: 2px solid black"| <small>File available from the {{{1|[[United States Federal Government]] [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/9403.htm]</small>}}}. <br />
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<br />
[[Category:Liechtenstein]]<br />
[[Category:European Countries]]<br />
[[Category:Micronations]]<br />
[[Category:Landlocked Countries]]<br />
[[Category:Christian-Majority Countries]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Political_spectrum&diff=1367668Political spectrum2017-08-16T15:07:39Z<p>Elessar: /* Extreme Polarization */</p>
<hr />
<div>The idea of a '''political spectrum''' stems from deliberative bodies in which groups of like-minded men would sit on opposite sides of a chamber, which gave rise to terms like "left" and "right" being attached to the views of the men on those sides.<br />
<br />
The earliest known left-right classification was that of the [[National Assembly]] in [[France]] just before the [[French Revolution]]. Members who supported the monarchy, would sit towards the right. Those who had been offended by their own party would frequently stand up and walk over to the other side of the hall in order to make a political statement. <br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
Historian [[Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.]] has said the spectrum theory was "adequate to the political simplicities of the nineteenth century, when the Right meant those who wished to preserve the existing order and the Left meant those who wished to change it. But the twentieth century, here as elsewhere, introduced new ambiguities." <ref>[http://www.writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/50s/schlesinger-notrightleft.html Not Right, Not Left, But a Vital Center], [[Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.]], ''New York Times Magazine'', April 4, 1948.</ref> In modern times, the left emphasizes [[collectivism|collective]] wisdom as a guiding force (see [[planned economy]]), while the right emphasizes individual rights (see [[ideological spectrum]]).<br />
<br />
This is in stark contrast to the erroneous liberal (and Communist) view which associates the "right" with Fascism and the "left" with Communism:<br />
<br />
*The rise of fascism and communism illustrated vividly the fallacies of the linear conception of Right and Left. In certain basic respects - a totalitarian state structure, a single party, a leader, a secret police, a hatred of political, cultural and intellectual freedom - fascism and communism are clearly more like each other than they are like anything in between. [http://www.writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/50s/schlesinger-notrightleft.html]<br />
<br />
==Definitions==<br />
<br />
The original definition referred to Church and state issues from the late 18th century Enlightenment period. At its root was faith vs. rationalism, or the Church vs. [[secularism]]. The so-called "right", defined as "traditional interests" referred to the Church & monarchy who ruled by the [[divine right of kings]], and the so-called "left" constituted secular elements challenging the Church's long-held influence over civil government. These definitions have always been problematic when attempting to assign western notions of "left and right" to societies which traditionally have no conception of separation of church and states, such as in Islam <ref>[http://nobsopus.blogspot.com/1993/11/political-career-of-muhammad.html The Political Career of Muhammad], Arnold Toynbee, ''A Study of History'' Annex II TO III. C. (ii) (b) p. 466.</ref> or Czarist Russia.<br />
<br />
The monarchy and titled nobility became known as the "right"; this idea however has been disabused in the United States where a landlord class of titled nobles never existed, and in fact is specifically prohibited by the U.S. Constitution. Hence Europeans today, based upon their own cultural idioms and history, have an extremely discolored view of what the "American right" is. <br />
<br />
Another common misperception is, while the "right" has become identified with defending and advocating [[Judeo-Christian]] values, [[secular]] [[atheist]] mass movements such as [[National Socialism]] are often either mistakenly or deliberately labeled as [[right-wing]]. This fallacy has been particularly well illustrated in our own time by examining the modern [[fascist]] [[Ba'athist]] [[regime]]s of [[Iraq]] and [[Syria]]. Both have their roots in the anti-clerical influences of Western [[socialism]] against fundamentalist [[Islam]], and inherently promote "change" against oppressive religious [[theocracy]].<ref>[http://www.ozconservative.com/whatisconsshort.htm What is conservatism?] Mark Richardson</ref><br />
<br />
The "left" is often described as advocating "change" of traditional systems and institutions of a society, however the leftist regimes of [[Cuba]] and [[North Korea]] stoutly resist changes other leftist regimes abandoned 20 years ago after seven decades of stagnation and exploitation of the oppressed common people by a privileged leftist ruling elite.<br />
<br />
While the left may challenge the authority, legitimacy and even existence of a supreme power, the right is beholden to traditional faith-based cultural attitudes.<br />
<br />
==Origins==<br />
At the time of the [[French Revolution]], when the existing order, or ''[[Ancien Regime]]'' had been overthrown, the idea of [[nationalism]] did not exist throughout most of [[Europe]]. During the violent years of 1793 and 1794 in France, a love of the ''Patrie'', or the nation, was cultivated to replace the foundations upon which [[society]] had been built under the old order. Under the stimulus of this movement for national unification, Catholicism was faced with the competition of a worship of national patriotism. [[Nationalism]] grew out of this new will to construct and shape the political community.<ref>John Hall Stewart, ''A Documentary Survey of the French Revolution'' (Macmillan, New York, 1963).</ref><ref>David A. Bell, ''The Cult of the Nation in France: Inventing Nationalism, 1680-1800'', (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001). [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2005/is_1_37/ai_109668489]</ref> <br />
<br />
This transmutation of a love of God to a love of "the people" as being the basis for a social and political order spread across Europe and other parts of the world during the nineteenth century. In Germany it became a recognition and consciousness of "''das volk''", later in Russia it was a dedication to the "''narodny''". By the mid-nineteenth century, Socialism as a doctrine sought to overthrow the existing order of society, the Church and aristocracy, by promoting atheism and nationalism. The basic tenet was to replace the individual's commitment to love and serve God with the individual's commitment to love and serve the collective society.<br />
<br />
Socialism has always been [[authoritarian]] from its beginnings. It began as a reaction against the [[classical liberalism]] of the French Revolution. The French writers who laid its foundation had no doubt that their ideas could be put into practice only by a strong dictatorial government. The first of modern planners, [[Henri de Saint-Simon]], predicted those who did not obey his proposed [[economic planning]] boards would be ‘treated as cattle.’ <ref>[http://www.iea.org.uk/files/upld-publication43pdf?.pdf ''Road to Serfdom'',] Friedrich A. Hayek, Reader's Digest Condensed Version, April 1945, pg. 39.</ref><br />
<br />
Nationalism can be defined as pride in one's native language and culture. Socialist theoreticians, wanting to overthrow the exisitng order, stirred up nationalist resentment among the minorities within the larger German, Russian, and Austro-Hungarian Empires. The reaction among Austrian Socialists was quite different. A solution to the problem of nationalities became policy in Austria-Hungary on two levels: territorial autonomy for territorial minorities, and "personal autonomy" for members of minorities dispersed among peoples of different languages and cultures. Minorities were to be granted the right to have their own schools and their own institutions. Many minorities realized it was better to remain subjects of the supra-national Hapsburg state than to be subordinate to repressive policies and actions of other national groups. Austrian Socialists rejected the idea of [[national liberation movement]]s and the dissolution of the Hapsburg Monarchy into independent national units.<ref name="talmon">J. L. Talmon, ''The Unique and the Universal'', Secker & Warburg, London 1965.</ref><br />
<br />
By the twentieth century, [[V.I. Lenin]] insisted on the right of subjugated peoples to break away from the great empires. Once the [[Bolsheviks]] were in power in Russia however, any attempt on the part of the subjugated peoples to break away from the Socialist Union of nations was considered [[counter-revolutionary]] activity.<ref name="talmon" /><br />
<br />
[[Friedrich Hayek]] of the London School of Economics and Political Science writing in the Spring of 1933 <ref>Friedrich A. Hayek, ''Memorandum on Nazi-Socialism spring of 1933''</ref><br />
remarked,<br />
{{Cquote|Nothing could be more superficial than to consider the forces which dominate the Germany of today as reactionary — in the sense that they want a return to the social and economic order of 1914. The persecution of the Marxists, and of democrats in general, tends to obscure the fundamental fact that National Socialism is a genuine socialist movement, whose leading ideas are the final fruit of the antiliberal tendencies which have been steadily gaining ground in Germany since the later part of the Bismarckian era, and which led the majority of the German intelligentsia first to "socialism of the chair" and later to Marxism in its social-democratic or communist form.<ref>[http://chronicle.com/weekly/v53/i30/30b00401.htm 'The Road to Serfdom'], The Chronicle of Higher Education, ''The Chronicle Review'', Volume 53, Issue 30, Page B4, March 30, 2007.</ref>}}<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
The left/right scale is a misleading way of comparing political systems. People use the left/right approach out of habit, but it leads to confusion. For example, [[fascism]] is often placed on the right and [[socialism]] on the left even though fascism and socialism have more similarities with each other than anything that falls between them. Indeed, the left/right scale is just an obsolete reference to the seating arrangement of the French Assembly in the 1790s.<ref>[http://www.lairdwilcox.com/news/nolanchart.html Beyond Left/Right] by [http://www.theadvocates.org/celebrities/marshall-fritz.html Marshall Fritz], 1987. Retrieved from lairdwilcox.com 05/25/07.</ref> In 1970, Denver advertising executive David Nolan invented the Nolan Chart to overcome the inherently illogical weakness of the outdated left/right political spectrum.<ref>[http://www.theadvocates.org/quiz-faq.html#faq02 Why did the Advocates create the World's Smallest Political Quiz?] Retrieved from theadvocates.org 06/01/07.</ref><br />
[[Image:Nolan-chart.svg|right|thumb|The Nolan Chart overcomes the weaknesses of the outdated Left/Right political spectrum.]]<br />
<br />
The "economic" category includes what you do as a producer and consumer. These are your actions that can be described in money. Examples are earning a wage, buying a car, renting a motorhome.<br />
<br />
The "civil" (or personal) category includes what you do in relationships and expressing yourself. These actions are not measured in money. Examples are the way you worship God, or don't; what books or magazines give you pleasure; your personal tradeoffs between today's fun and tomorrow's health. The Bill of Rights is aimed at your freedoms in this category.<br />
<br />
Nolan saw how political families can be understood by the degree of individual choice they offer in these categories. You can use this improved way of mapping political thought to better understand your local, national and international political environment. <br />
<br />
Left/liberals like personal choice in civil matters and central decision-making in economics. They want government to serve the disadvantaged and promote equality. Left/liberals place high value on good intentions. They accept diversity in social behavior but seek more equality in economics. They work with libertarians in defending civil liberties and with socialists in advancing economic central planning.<br />
<br />
Right/conservatives like personal choice in economics and central decision-making in civil matters. They want government to defend the community from threats to its moral fiber. Right/conservatives place high value on laws and legislation. They accept diversity in economics but seek similarity in social behavior. They work with libertarians in defending economic freedoms and with populists in enforcing community standards in social matters. <br />
<br />
Socialists and [[populist]]s favor central decision-making in both civil and economic matters. They believe the needs of the individual are subordinate to the needs of society. They want government to "correct wrongs." While they strongly differ on particular programs, both prefer equality in economic and personal matters.<br />
<br />
Classical liberals/libertarians like personal choice in both civil and economic matters. They believe government's only purpose is to safeguard people from coercion and violence. They value individual responsibility and tolerance. Libertarians accept diversity in both social behavior and in economic situation.<br />
<br />
Centrists favor selective governmental intervention and temporary affiliations with others. They take a strong stance on few issues, preferring the middle position in most matters. Centrists emphasize practical solutions to current public issues.<br />
<br />
Furthermore, the old fashioned left-right model is fatally flawed. The model implies that if you "go too far" (i.e., are consistent) with any political idea, you end up, in some inexplicable way, at [[totalitarianism]] or anarchism, or maybe both. Pursue conservative thought to its logical extreme, according to this model, and you somehow end up at fascism, which is national socialism, or white supremacy or some other authoritarian position. If you pursue liberal thought too far, you supposedly end up at socialism or communism. This is inconsistent, and it ignores large philosophical differences between, liberalism and communism, and conservatism and fascism.<br />
<br />
==Right-wing==<br />
In politics, '''right-wing''' historically referred to a society run by natural law or tradition. It currently can refer to a belief set made up of economic and social conservatism, and support for a strong military and an active foreign policy. The term, as well as left-wing come from the French Revolution, a reference to where people sat in parliament, although there was also a theory where the terms originated from the Book of Revelations relating to Jesus transfiguring those on his left side and right side into goats and sheep, respectively.<br />
<br />
The term '''Rightist''' refers to someone on the 'right' side of the political spectrum. Politics on the 'right' usually imply taking positions in favor of the traditional system of a society, including its traditional values and its traditional ruling institutions. Compare: [[leftist]]. Following the left-right political spectrum, a "Right-Winger" could be referred to as anyone who favors having marginally more economic than personal liberties.<br />
<br />
It is widely accepted, however, that there is not just one dimension of political thought, so that people can unambiguously be classified as 'right' or 'left'. Nonetheless, the [[political spectrum theory]] still has wide currency.<br />
<br />
==Pejorative usage==<br />
Usage of terms like "right wing" and "far right" by liberals about conservatives is usually intended to conjure up images of Nazi genocide (though an objective interpretation of the left-right political spectrum would reveal that the fascist regimes of WWII Europe were closer to the left-wing than to the right-wing). Indeed, some critics openly liken Israel and its leaders to "Nazis", even though Israel is the most democratic country in the entire Middle East.<ref>Arabs have full citizenship rights in Israel, even serving as judges and legislators.</ref> The misapplication of the right wing and far right to that of the Nazis is due to Josef Stalin stating after World War II that Nazis and fascism were "far right" or "right wing" both the paint truly right-wing organizations in a negative light and to deflect any blame from the Soviets regarding similar actions they may have conducted.<br />
<br />
In modern politics, the term '''right wing''' is used by [[liberals]] in their attempt to make [[conservatives]] look extreme and unreasonable.<br />
<br />
Example usage is, "He's a right-winger!" rather than simply, "He's [[conservative]]."<br />
<br />
The term is used less frequently by [[liberals]] now because it has lost much of its pejorative effect.<br />
<br />
==Extreme Polarization==<br />
<br />
Dacher Keltner, assistant professor of psychology at the University of California at Berkeley, has found that people have a powerful tendency to exaggerate the views of their ideological opponents, seeing, on average, twice as much difference as actually exists. Moreover, he has turned up this “imagined [[extremism]]” in a variety of settings, including conflicts over [[abortion]] "rights", the interpretation of a racial incident, the attitudes of homosexuals and Christian fundamentalists and the choices of English professors toward use of the “Western Canon” in university classes.<br />
<br />
Partisans and nonpartisans in political disputes, Keltner's study finds, seriously overestimate the polarization between the two sides. Although a tendency to demonize one’s opponents is not a new understanding, Keltner’s work breaks new ground in being able to measure the extent of the effect by gathering hard data on actual versus perceived differences among the parties to a dispute as well as among neutral observers.<ref>[http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=3&ved=0CB4QFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.solargeneral.com%2Flibrary%2Fwatchdogs.pdf&ei=wT48TJ27OIGesQPh6OicBg&usg=AFQjCNH6klBgCEvVYd-hqyzUGyy2kBDAIA&sig2=YQgHfGz4bm2ksQ3RTWyFYQ Patricia McBroom, UC, Berkeley, News Release, 1/4/97, Political attitudes in the U.S. are exaggerated,<br /> according to UC Berkeley psychologist in studies of “Imagined Extremism.”] [http://www.solargeneral.com/library/watchdogs.pdf SolarGeneral.com; Library]</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
<br />
* [[Nomenklatura]]<br />
* [[Political profiling]]<br />
[[Category:Political Terms]]<br />
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==External links==<br />
*[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pages.drexel.edu/~garfinkm/Spectrum.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.pages.drexel.edu/~garfinkm/Spectrum.html&h=697&w=724&sz=181&tbnid=eAv0lAZBMDi55M:&tbnh=135&tbnw=140&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpolitical%2Bspectrum&start=2&sa=X&oi=images&ct=image&cd=2 a 2-d view] with left-right based on US politics and a novel vertical axis</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:Conservative_Party_(UK)&diff=1367636Talk:Conservative Party (UK)2017-08-16T06:28:20Z<p>Elessar: /* Euroskepticism */ new section</p>
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<div>Aren't there any disambiguation pages on Conservapedia??? --[[User:Redblue|Redblue]] 08:45, 9 April 2007 (EDT)<br />
<br />
does this have any factual basis?<br />
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As a British person living in the US, I can only say that the two last paragraphs of the first section of this article certainly don't represent matters the way most British people would see it. [[User:Britinme|Britinme]] 22:08 9 April 2007 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== guns ==<br />
<br />
''It also benefit from a much-publicized slaughter in Scotland of 16 children and a teacher in 1996 by Thomas Hamilton, who used four handguns and several hundred rounds of ammunition. Gun control was enacted afterwards and the entire United Kingdom, horrified by the massacre, moved to the left politically.''<br />
<br />
This is just - well nonsense, this has never been mentioned as a significant fact by any serious politician commentatory. --[[User:Cgday|Cgday]] 12:34, 10 April 2007 (EDT)<br />
<br />
=="Liberal conservatism"==<br />
<br />
''Since the early 2000s, the Conservative Party leaders have softened its conservative stance on social issues and this may have hurt its popularity with voters. While the successful elected leaders of the Republican Party in the United States tend to be conservative on social issues, liberals have enjoyed greater power in the British Conservative Party, and that may explain its weaker performance in elections.[Citation Needed]''<br />
<br />
This is almost diametrically opposite to the truth. Particularly since David Cameron - a self-declared "liberal conservative" - became leader of the Conservative party, their support in the country has risen dramatically. See the full text of his speech at last September's Conservative Party conference: [http://politics.guardian.co.uk/speeches/story/0,,1869970,00.html] and recent polls: [http://www.icmresearch.co.uk/reviews/2007/Guardian%20-%20Jan/guardian-jan-2007.asp] [http://politics.guardian.co.uk/labour/story/0,,2016791,00.html] [[User: Britinme|Britinme]] 12:50 10 April 2007 (EDT)<br />
<br />
* The article says that Cameron is "centrist" and cites his support of the NHS as one of the reasons for this description. The NHS (as a concept) receives almost universal support in the UK from every point on the political spectrum. The implication that thre are less moderate Conservatives who are against nationalised health care in principle is ludicrous. [[User:Ferret|Ferret]] 23:16, 16 June 2007 (EDT)<br />
<br />
* It also suggests that Cameron's belief in global warming is a "centrist" policy and not traditionally Conservative. Again, not true. The Tory government was pushing for action on global warming as early as 1992. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,3604,1500642,00.html] [[User:Ferret|Ferret]] 23:30, 16 June 2007 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== The UK is not England. ==<br />
<br />
''Economic difficulties, including a dispute over whether England should join the currency of the European Union, hurt the Conservative Party further.''<br />
<br />
I would like to point out to those who contribute to this site, that the United Kingdom should NOT be refered to as England.<br />
<br />
England is only one of the four constituant nations which make up THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND. The others being the Kingdom of Scotland, the Principality of Wales, and the province of Northern Ireland.<br />
<br />
If our American cousins are contributing to the site, could they please refer to the UK as the UK or Britain. Please only use England when refering to England as it demeans Scottish, Welsh, and Northern Irish British citizens. [[User: Alcatraz|Alcatraz]] 15:16 19 April 2007 (BST)<br />
<br />
==High Unemployment==<br />
<br />
When Margaret Thatcher came to power unemployment was an election issue, standing at 500,000 plus. In what sense can increasing it to 3,000,000 plus be termed "turning it round" ? <br />
[[User:Ceorlacyng|Ceorlacyng]] 18:08, 6 December 2007 (EST)<br />
<br />
== Euroskepticism ==<br />
<br />
I don't like many Tory leaders either, but it's simply wrong to declare them all Pro-EUists. E.g., the Foreign Minister and the "Brexit Minister" are both strongly opposed to the EU and also Prime Minister May has always been very euroskeptic, despite her vote vor remaining. Her government consists of both Pro- and Anti-EUists and her party too (both factions are equally strong in the party). --[[User:Elessar|Elessar]] ([[User talk:Elessar|talk]]) 02:28, 16 August 2017 (EDT)</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Christian_Democracy&diff=1367547Christian Democracy2017-08-15T19:21:05Z<p>Elessar: /* Prominent Christian Democrats */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Christian democracy''' is a religious and political ideology that believes [[democracy]], [[human rights]], and the [[Christian]] faith are mutually compatible. Adherents of Christian democracy are known as '''Christian Democrats''' or '''Centrist Democrats'''. Christian democracy is often considered [[centre-right]] on cultural, social, and moral issues (and thus leaning in support of [[social conservatism]], even though such parties have drifted to the Left, along with the culture, on such issues), and it is considered [[centre-left]] "with respect to economic and labor issues, civil rights, and foreign policy."<ref name="Wankel2009">{{cite book|last=Wankel|first=Charles|title=Encyclopedia of Business in Today's World|accessdate=5 July 2016|year=2009|publisher=SAGE Publications|language=English |isbn=9781412964272|page=131|quote=The basic tenets of Christian Democracy call for applying Christian principles to public policy; Christian Democratic parties tend to be socially conservative but otherwise left of center with respect to economic and labor issues, civil rights, and foreign policy.}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Christian Democratic political parties are represented in an international organization known as the Centrist Democrat International (CDI).<br />
<br />
==Prominent Christian Democrats==<br />
<br />
===Europe===<br />
*[[Konrad Adenauer]], first chancellor of [[West Germany]] after [[World War II]] and architect of the social market economy<br />
*Baroness [[Margaret Thatcher]], Prime Minister of the [[United Kingdom]] and leader of the [[Conservative Party]]<br />
*[[Helmut Kohl]], chancellor of West Germany and later the unified [[Germany]]<br />
*[[Éamon de Valera]], president and prime minister of [[Ireland]], whose Constitution of Ireland was influenced by Catholic social teaching<br />
*[[Andrzej Duda]], current [[Poland|Polish]] president<br />
*[[Lech Kaczyński]], former president of Poland<br />
<br />
====Self-declared Christian Democrats====<br />
*[[Angela Merkel]], since 2005, the first female Chancellor of [[Germany]] and leader of the [[Christian Democratic Union]]<br />
*[[Mariano Rajoy]], Prime Minister of [[Spain]]<br />
<br />
===The Americas===<br />
*[[Tommy Douglas]]{{cn}}, Former leader of the [[NDP]], minister, and father of Universal Healthcare in [[Canada]]<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Socially conservative and fiscally liberal political parties]]<br />
*[[Christian right]]<br />
*[[Social Gospel]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://idc-cdi.com/en/ Centrist Democrat International]<br />
<br />
{{Conservatism}}<br />
[[Category:Christian Movements]]<br />
[[Category:Political Movements]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_(UK)&diff=1367546Conservative Party (UK)2017-08-15T19:19:43Z<p>Elessar: Yes, without any sources. And in the Cons. party there are both Pro- and Anti-EUists.</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Conservatives.png|right|thumb|300px|The Conservative Party logo]]<br />
The '''Conservative Party''' is the largest right-of-center party in the [[United Kingdom]], and is one of that country's two major political parties. Its full official name is the ''Conservative and Unionist Party'', and it is commonly referred to as the ''Tories'' after its historical predecessor. Its current leader as of July 13, 2016 is [[Theresa May]]. Aside from moderate fiscal conservatism, there is little actual conservatism in the modern party, particularly the party's upper echelons, which is, along with all the main political parties in the UK, [[pro-abortion]]{{cn}}, pro-[[same-sex marriage|same sex "marriage"]], and pro-[[gun control]]{{cn}}, and partially anti-[[Euroskeptic]].<br />
<br />
The base of the Conservative Party leans [[Eurosceptic]] as more than 2/3 of its members voted for [[Brexit]]. Most of its MPs now support Brexit.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/may/15/tories-set-to-become-more-eurosceptic-campaign-group-says</ref><br />
<br />
==British conservatism==<br />
British conservatism has its own distinctive tradition, separate both from that of continental European conservatism and from that of American conservatism. Traditional British conservatism is rooted in pragmatism, practicality and concrete experience: this reflects a broader historical preference in British culture for the practical over the theoretical and for the concrete over the abstract. In continental Europe, many conservatives in past times, such as the Frenchman [[Joseph de Maistre]], were strongly ideological and defended causes such as absolute monarchy and Roman Catholicism. By contrast, the heroes of British conservatism (such as Sir [[Edmund Burke]] in the eighteenth century, Sir [[Robert Peel]] and [[Benjamin Disraeli]] in the nineteenth, and Sir [[Winston Churchill]] in the twentieth) were moderate, pragmatic and non-ideological. While a more ideological strand of conservatism was in the ascendant during the leadership of [[Margaret Thatcher|Lady Thatcher]] (1975-1990), the older, pragmatic trend has reasserted itself in more recent years.<br />
<br />
==History since 1978==<br />
===1980s and 90s===<br />
{{See also|Margaret Thatcher}}<br />
The modern British Conservative Party ran the United Kingdom for nearly 20 years, beginning with Margaret Thatcher's victory for the Party in 1979. She came into office facing a British economy that had been crippled by industrial disputes, strikes, high unemployment, and collapsing public services, especially during the so-called 'Winter of Discontent' of 1978-9. Mrs. Thatcher turned that around, broke the iron grip of the trade unions, and restored the British economy to a free enterprise system that has continued to this day. She was succeeded by [[John Major]] in 1990, and, to the surprise of the media, Major won the general election in 1992 and extended the Conservative Party's power until 1997. <br />
<br />
By 1997 the [[Labour Party]] had finally embraced the more conservative direction for the country and abandoned many of its socialist economic policies of the past. Economic difficulties, including a dispute over whether the UK should join the currency of the European Union, hurt the Conservative Party further. This was coupled with a perception that the party had become corrupt, with a number of high-profile members of the party being involved in financial and sexual scandals. The Labour Party won in a landslide in 1997 and held power until 2010. <br />
<br />
Major was soon after replaced by [[William Hague]], whose election as party leader was seen as an affirmation that the party wanted to continue with its [[Thatcherite]] policies. Hague was the victim of smears and attacks by a media which became Labour-biased to an extent never before seen in British history, and any attempt he made to state his policies or attack the government was routinely ignored (the UK has media regulations similar to the [[Fairness Doctrine]], but does not regulate what the media are supposed to report, only how much time they allocate to each party). The 2001 election went little better than the previous for the Conservatives, for which Hague accepted responsibility and stepped down as leader. [[Iain Duncan Smith]] replaced Hague, seemingly getting elected for no reason other than the fact that he was endorsed by Thatcher, and made no real impact as party leader. After passing up chances to attack the government for their role in [[Operation Iraqi Freedom]] (which had far less support in the UK than it did in the US), the party decided that enough was enough and Duncan Smith was removed as leader in late 2003. [[Michael Howard]] was seen by many as the only possible man to take the Conservatives forward, and was elected as the new party leader without opposition. A far more adept period of leadership saw a recovery at the 2005 election, halving Labour's majority in the House of Commons. A few weeks later, Howard announced that while the recovery of the Conservative Party had begun, he had done all he could as party leader, and so would step down once a successor had been elected.<br />
<br />
===Moderate shift and David Cameron===<br />
{{See also|David Cameron}}<br />
<!--[[Image:Caroline Spelman.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Caroline Spelman, the Conservative Party Chairman]] --><br />
Since the early 2000s, the Conservative Party leaders have softened its conservative stance on social and fiscal issues, and this has increased its popularity with the voters. Particularly since David Cameron – a self-declared "liberal conservative" (which in British English means "moderate conservative") – became leader of the Conservative Party, their support in the country has risen dramatically, however this is also due to the media-perpetuated anti-war feeling within the United Kingdom following [[Tony Blair]]'s era, coupled with the unpopularity of [[Gordon Brown]]'s government<ref>http://politics.guardian.co.uk/speeches/story/0,,1869970,00.html</ref> and recent polls.<ref>http://www.icmresearch.co.uk/reviews/2007/Guardian%20-%20Jan/guardian-jan-2007.asp</ref><ref>http://politics.guardian.co.uk/labour/story/0,,2016791,00.html</ref><br />
<br />
Cameron could be seen as more moderate than many previous leaders. His party policies have gravitated towards a more "green" outlook as the concern about [[global warming]] has grown within the UK. He has also praised Britain's socialized healthcare system, the [[National Health Service|NHS]]; but has also considered privatisation of sections of the service in an attempt to decrease the deficit at which it currently operates. The party has also continued to support some traditional elements of Conservative policy, such as support for the family.<br />
<br />
After forming the Coalition Government in 2010, Cameron's popularity rapidly declined, as indicated by various opinion polls conducted by the media. However, the Conservative Party gained a slim majority in the 2015 general election. During this time, the [[United Kingdom Independence Party]] grew to become a serious rival of the party, sitting on its Right.<br />
<br />
Cameron pledged to reduce immigration to under 100,000 annually. Despite this pledge, [[European migrant crisis|immigration soared during his tenure to even higher levels]] than when he first took office.<ref>Whitehead, Tom (February 26, 2015). [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/immigration/11436403/David-Cameron-immigration-pledge-in-tatters-as-net-immigration-stands-at-298000.html David Cameron immigration pledge in tatters as net immigration stands at 298,000]. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved January 7, 2017.</ref> Immigration played a very influential role in the successful [[Brexit]] referendum on June 23, 2016,<ref>Bennett, Asa (June 29, 2016). [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/29/did-britain-really-vote-brexit-to-cut-immigration/ Did Britain really vote Brexit to cut immigration?]. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved January 7, 2017.</ref><ref>Siegel, Josh (June 23, 2016). [http://dailysignal.com/2016/06/23/how-immigration-fueled-the-brexit-result/ How Immigration Fueled the Brexit Result]. ''The Daily Signal''. Retrieved January 7, 2017.</ref> along with other very important and related factors such as sovereignty and backlash against the leftist [[establishment]] elites who support large levels of immigration.<ref>Friedman, George; Mauldin, John (July 5, 2016). [http://www.forbes.com/sites/johnmauldin/2016/07/05/3-reasons-brits-voted-for-brexit/#6f7d841d78c1 3 Reasons Brits Voted For Brexit]. ''Forbes''. Retrieved January 7, 2017.</ref><br />
<br />
Cameron made the decision to hold the [[Brexit]] referendum<ref name="Alexander2016">Alexander, Harriet (December 9, 2016). [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/12/09/david-cameron-brexit-donald-trump-does-not-regret-calling-referendum/ David Cameron on Brexit, Donald Trump and why he does not regret calling a referendum]. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved May 18, 2017.</ref> and opposed the UK leaving the EU.<ref name="BBCJune2016">[http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-36615028 Brexit: David Cameron to quit after UK votes to leave EU]. ''BBC''. June 24, 2016. Retrieved May 18, 2017.</ref> He resigned immediately after the referendum did not go his way.<ref name="BBCJune2016"/><br />
<br />
===Theresa May and Brexit===<br />
{{See also|Brexit|Theresa May}}<br />
Theresa May became Prime Minister after Cameron. She initiated the formal Brexit process and called an early election to be held in June 2017.<br />
<br />
The Conservative Party shifted its public stances after the Brexit vote, adopting right-wing stances on Europe and immigration more similar to UKIP,<ref>Kentish, Ben (May 15, 2017). [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/tory-voters-more-right-wing-ukip-poll-latest-theresa-may-nigel-farage-a7737491.html Tory voters think their party is now more right-wing than Ukip, poll finds]. ''The Independent''. Retrieved May 18, 2017.</ref> something noted by former UKIP leader [[Nigel Farage]].<ref name="MerrickMay2017">Merrick, Rob (May 7, 2017). [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/election-latest-nigel-farage-theresa-may-stolen-ukip-policies-brussels-bashing-immigration-a7722346.html Nigel Farage says Theresa May is winning because she has stolen all his policies]. ''The Independent''. Retrieved May 7, 2017.</ref>This could be seen in the 2017 Conservative Party campaign manifesto, under Prime Minister [[Theresa May]], which adopted some of UKIP's EU and immigration policies.<ref>Montgomery, Jack (May 18, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/05/18/may-reveals-polarising-policies-immigration-social-care/ Theresa May Launches Conservative Manifesto: Pledge to Leave EU Single Market, Elderly Care Cost Raid]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 18, 2017.</ref><ref name="RaynerMay2017">Rayner, Gordon (May 18, 2017). [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/18/conservative-manifesto-general-election-2017-key-points-policies/ Conservative manifesto for General Election 2017: Key points, policies and summary]. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved May 18, 2017.</ref> Because of this shift, the Conservative Party absorbed many UKIP voters.<ref>Dickson, Annabelle (May 17, 2017). [http://www.politico.eu/article/theresa-may-marches-into-ukip-land/ Theresa May marches into UKIP country]. ''Politico''. Retrieved May 18, 2017.</ref> However, the manifesto also called for some forms of government expansion and additional social spending,<ref name="RaynerMay2017"/><ref>Edmunds, Donna Rachel (May 18, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/05/18/conservatives-social-policy-biggest-stealth-tax-history/ Conservatives’ Social Policy is ‘Biggest Stealth Tax in History’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 18, 2017.</ref> and the manifesto contained several worrisome pledges for conservatives and proponents of Brexit.<ref>Edmunds, Donna Rachel (May 18, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/05/18/top-7-conservative-manifesto-pledges-to-worry-brexiteers/ Top 7 Conservative Manifesto Pledges to Worry Brexiteers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 19, 2017.</ref> Additionally, the manifesto rejected individualism and "untrammeled free markets", and May rejected statements that she was like former Prime Minister [[Margaret Thatcher]] or that she would "drift to the Right."<ref>Hughes, Laura (May 18, 2017). [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/18/general-election-2017-latest-news-polls-analysis/ Theresa May rejects Margaret Thatcher comparisons and says her government 'will not drift to the right']. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved May 18, 2017.</ref> Noting the Conservative Party's past failures to reduce immigration in the recent past, former Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne, now editor of the London Evening Standard, wrote an editorial at the time of the manifesto's release in May 2017 that the Conservative Party leadership opposed and never intended to keep its immigration reduction promises.<ref>Montgomery, Jack (May 17, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/05/17/osborne-boasts-tories-never-intended-keep-immigration-promises/ Osborne Boasts Tories Never Intended to Keep Immigration Promises in Shock Editorial]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 18, 2017.</ref><br />
<br />
====2017 general election====<br />
Due to several blunders made during the campaign,<ref>Barone, Michael (June 9, 2017). [http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/barone-breaking-down-theresa-mays-disastrous-night/article/2625473 Barone: Breaking down Theresa May's disastrous night]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved June 9, 2017.</ref><ref>Dickson, Annabelle (June 9, 2017). [http://www.politico.eu/article/theresa-may-election-mistakes/ 8 election blunders that cost Theresa May her majority]. ''Politico''. Retrieved June 9, 2017.</ref> May's Conservative Party lost seats in a snap election she chose to hold in order to gain power, resulting in a hung parliament.<ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/world/2017/06/09/uk-election-theresa-may-to-ask-queen-permission-to-form-government-despite-losing-majority.html UK election: Theresa May to ask queen permission to form government despite losing majority]. ''Fox News''. June 9, 2017. Retrieved June 9, 2017.</ref> As the Conservative Party remained the party with the most seats, May decided to seek a governing agreement with the right-wing, socially conservative [[Democratic Unionist Party]] (DUP).<ref>Kassam, Raheem (June 9, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/06/09/secret-blessing-tory-dup-alliance-will-remind-tories-conservatism-supposed-look-like/ The Silver Lining? A Tory-DUP Alliance Will Remind the Tories What Conservatism Is Supposed to Look Like]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 9, 2017.</ref><ref>Horton, Helena (June 9, 2017). [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/06/09/7-things-didnt-know-dup/ 7 things you didn't know about the DUP]. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved June 9, 2017.</ref> The two parties signed the agreement<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/0/tory-dup-deal-agreement-full/ Tory-DUP deal: The agreement in full]. ''The Telegraph''. June 26, 2017. Retrieved June 26, 2017.</ref> on June 26, 2017.<ref>Montgomery, Jack (June 26, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/06/26/theresa-may-signs-confidence-supply-agreement-dup/ DUP Triumphant: Tories Forced to Protect Pensions Triple Lock and Commit to Armed Forces Covenant]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 26, 2017.</ref><ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-40403434 Conservatives agree pact with DUP to support May government]. ''BBC News''. Retrieved June 26, 2017.</ref><ref>Kirka, Danica; Katz, Gregory (June 26, 2017). [http://www.foxnews.com/world/2017/06/26/northern-ireland-party-leader-in-talks-with-conservatives.html UK's May makes deal she needs to govern, but critics abound]. ''Fox News'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved June 26, 2017.</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[British politics]]<br />
* [[British conservatives]]<br />
* [[Conservative Party of New York State|Conservative Party of New York State (CPNYS)]]<br />
* [[American Conservative Party|American Conservative Party (ACP)]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.conservatives.com/ Conservative Party Official Website]<br />
* [http://www.conservatives.com/Policy/Manifesto.aspx Conservative Party Manefesto for the 2010 General Election]<br />
* [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/david-miliband-would-beat-cameron--unlike-ed-6292887.html]<br />
<br />
[[Category:British Political Parties]]<br />
[[Category:British History]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Partido_Popular&diff=1367498Partido Popular2017-08-15T11:50:52Z<p>Elessar: Redirected page to People's Party</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[People's Party]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Mariano_Rajoy&diff=1367496Mariano Rajoy2017-08-15T11:49:15Z<p>Elessar: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Mariano Rajoy''' is the leader of the pseudo-[[conservative]] [[People's Party]] and the current Prime Minister of [[Spain]] since 2011.<br />
[[Category:Politicians]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=People%27s_Party&diff=1367495People's Party2017-08-15T11:48:28Z<p>Elessar: </p>
<hr />
<div>:''For other political parties with this name, see [[People's Party (disambiguation)]].''<br />
<br />
The '''People's Party''' ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]: '''Partido Popular''') is a formerly [[conservative]] political party in [[Spain]]. It is the follower of ''Alianza Popular'', a party of supporters of former leader [[Francisco Franco]]. The People's Party is a member of the [[European People's Party]] and the [[International Democrat Union]]. Current party leader is [[Mariano Rajoy]], who is also the prime minister of Spain.<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.pp.es/ Official website]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Member of the International Democrat Union]]<br />
[[Category:Spain]]<br />
[[Category:Political Parties]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_(disambiguation)&diff=1367493People's Party (disambiguation)2017-08-15T11:46:44Z<p>Elessar: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''People's Party''' can refer to:<br />
* [[People's Party]] - a pseudo-[[conservative]] party in [[Spain]].<br />
* [[People's Party (Ukraine)]]<br />
* [[People's Party (Puerto Rico)]]<br />
* [[People's Party (Samoa)]]<br />
* [[European People's Party]]<br />
* [[People's Party (United States)]]<br />
* [[People's Party (Utah)]]<br />
* [[People's Party (1970s)]]<br />
* [[Swiss People's Party]]<br />
* [[Danish Peoples Party|Danish People's Party]]<br />
[[Category:Disambiguation Pages]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Populism&diff=1367492Populism2017-08-15T11:45:43Z<p>Elessar: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Populism''' is a political term describing a political agenda which aims to favor the average person over the [[elitism|elite]]. The term can be either negative or positive based on the context. The [[Populist Party]] in the U.S. in the 1890s was a coalition of leftist farmers and workers. In the late 20th century [[Ronald Reagan]] and other [[conservative]]s adopted populist themes, attacking elites, such as federal judges and the [[lamestream media|national media]], as too elitist and too distant from the people, and calling for more power to the people.<br />
<br />
New conservative parties in formed Europe in the late 20th century are adopting a populist style, often criticizing mass immigration.<ref>Hans-George Betz, "The New Politics of Resentment: Radical Right-Wing Populist Parties in Western Europe ", ''Comparative Politics,'' Vol. 25, No. 4 (Jul., 1993), pp. 413-427 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/422034 in JSTOR]<br />
Abstract</ref><br />
<br />
Since 1900 famous populist leaders in the U.S. included [[Huey Long]] campaigning from the left in the 1930s, [[George Wallace]] (combining both left and right elements) in the 1968 presidential election, and [[Ronald Reagan]] and [[Donald Trump]] from the right in the 1980 and 2016 presidential elections, respectively.<br />
<br />
Conservative populism has often been attacked by [[liberal]]s as "radical right", falsely implying that it is somehow beyond the bounds of legitimate debate.<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
* Kazin, Michael. ''The Populist Persuasion: An American History'' (1995), 380pp, the standard history, by a liberal historian<br />
====notes====<br />
<references/><br />
==See also==<br />
[[Populist Party]]<br />
[[Category:Political Ideologies]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_(UK)&diff=1367490Conservative Party (UK)2017-08-15T11:43:09Z<p>Elessar: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Conservatives.png|right|thumb|300px|The Conservative Party logo]]<br />
The '''Conservative Party''' is the largest right-of-center party in the [[United Kingdom]], and is one of that country's two major political parties. Its full official name is the ''Conservative and Unionist Party'', and it is commonly referred to as the ''Tories'' after its historical predecessor. Its current leader as of July 13, 2016 is [[Theresa May]]. Aside from moderate fiscal conservatism, there is little actual conservatism in the modern party, particularly the party's upper echelons, which is, along with all the main political parties in the UK, [[pro-abortion]]{{cn}}, pro-[[same-sex marriage|same sex "marriage"]], and pro-[[gun control]]{{cn}}, and partially anti-[[Euroskeptic]].<br />
<br />
The base of the Conservative Party leans [[Eurosceptic]] as more than 2/3 of its members voted for [[Brexit]]. Most of its MPs now support Brexit.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/may/15/tories-set-to-become-more-eurosceptic-campaign-group-says</ref><br />
<br />
==British conservatism==<br />
British conservatism has its own distinctive tradition, separate both from that of continental European conservatism and from that of American conservatism. Traditional British conservatism is rooted in pragmatism, practicality and concrete experience: this reflects a broader historical preference in British culture for the practical over the theoretical and for the concrete over the abstract. In continental Europe, many conservatives in past times, such as the Frenchman [[Joseph de Maistre]], were strongly ideological and defended causes such as absolute monarchy and Roman Catholicism. By contrast, the heroes of British conservatism (such as Sir [[Edmund Burke]] in the eighteenth century, Sir [[Robert Peel]] and [[Benjamin Disraeli]] in the nineteenth, and Sir [[Winston Churchill]] in the twentieth) were moderate, pragmatic and non-ideological. While a more ideological strand of conservatism was in the ascendant during the leadership of [[Margaret Thatcher|Lady Thatcher]] (1975-1990), the older, pragmatic trend has reasserted itself in more recent years.<br />
<br />
==History since 1978==<br />
===1980s and 90s===<br />
{{See also|Margaret Thatcher}}<br />
The modern British Conservative Party ran the United Kingdom for nearly 20 years, beginning with Margaret Thatcher's victory for the Party in 1979. She came into office facing a British economy that had been crippled by industrial disputes, strikes, high unemployment, and collapsing public services, especially during the so-called 'Winter of Discontent' of 1978-9. Mrs. Thatcher turned that around, broke the iron grip of the trade unions, and restored the British economy to a free enterprise system that has continued to this day. She was succeeded by [[John Major]] in 1990, and, to the surprise of the media, Major won the general election in 1992 and extended the Conservative Party's power until 1997. <br />
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By 1997 the [[Labour Party]] had finally embraced the more conservative direction for the country and abandoned many of its socialist economic policies of the past. Economic difficulties, including a dispute over whether the UK should join the currency of the European Union, hurt the Conservative Party further. This was coupled with a perception that the party had become corrupt, with a number of high-profile members of the party being involved in financial and sexual scandals. The Labour Party won in a landslide in 1997 and held power until 2010. <br />
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Major was soon after replaced by [[William Hague]], whose election as party leader was seen as an affirmation that the party wanted to continue with its [[Thatcherite]] policies. Hague was the victim of smears and attacks by a media which became Labour-biased to an extent never before seen in British history, and any attempt he made to state his policies or attack the government was routinely ignored (the UK has media regulations similar to the [[Fairness Doctrine]], but does not regulate what the media are supposed to report, only how much time they allocate to each party). The 2001 election went little better than the previous for the Conservatives, for which Hague accepted responsibility and stepped down as leader. [[Iain Duncan Smith]] replaced Hague, seemingly getting elected for no reason other than the fact that he was endorsed by Thatcher, and made no real impact as party leader. After passing up chances to attack the government for their role in [[Operation Iraqi Freedom]] (which had far less support in the UK than it did in the US), the party decided that enough was enough and Duncan Smith was removed as leader in late 2003. [[Michael Howard]] was seen by many as the only possible man to take the Conservatives forward, and was elected as the new party leader without opposition. A far more adept period of leadership saw a recovery at the 2005 election, halving Labour's majority in the House of Commons. A few weeks later, Howard announced that while the recovery of the Conservative Party had begun, he had done all he could as party leader, and so would step down once a successor had been elected.<br />
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===Moderate shift and David Cameron===<br />
{{See also|David Cameron}}<br />
<!--[[Image:Caroline Spelman.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Caroline Spelman, the Conservative Party Chairman]] --><br />
Since the early 2000s, the Conservative Party leaders have softened its conservative stance on social and fiscal issues, and this has increased its popularity with the voters. Particularly since David Cameron – a self-declared "liberal conservative" (which in British English means "moderate conservative") – became leader of the Conservative Party, their support in the country has risen dramatically, however this is also due to the media-perpetuated anti-war feeling within the United Kingdom following [[Tony Blair]]'s era, coupled with the unpopularity of [[Gordon Brown]]'s government<ref>http://politics.guardian.co.uk/speeches/story/0,,1869970,00.html</ref> and recent polls.<ref>http://www.icmresearch.co.uk/reviews/2007/Guardian%20-%20Jan/guardian-jan-2007.asp</ref><ref>http://politics.guardian.co.uk/labour/story/0,,2016791,00.html</ref><br />
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Cameron could be seen as more moderate than many previous leaders. His party policies have gravitated towards a more "green" outlook as the concern about [[global warming]] has grown within the UK. He has also praised Britain's socialized healthcare system, the [[National Health Service|NHS]]; but has also considered privatisation of sections of the service in an attempt to decrease the deficit at which it currently operates. The party has also continued to support some traditional elements of Conservative policy, such as support for the family.<br />
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After forming the Coalition Government in 2010, Cameron's popularity rapidly declined, as indicated by various opinion polls conducted by the media. However, the Conservative Party gained a slim majority in the 2015 general election. During this time, the [[United Kingdom Independence Party]] grew to become a serious rival of the party, sitting on its Right.<br />
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Cameron pledged to reduce immigration to under 100,000 annually. Despite this pledge, [[European migrant crisis|immigration soared during his tenure to even higher levels]] than when he first took office.<ref>Whitehead, Tom (February 26, 2015). [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/immigration/11436403/David-Cameron-immigration-pledge-in-tatters-as-net-immigration-stands-at-298000.html David Cameron immigration pledge in tatters as net immigration stands at 298,000]. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved January 7, 2017.</ref> Immigration played a very influential role in the successful [[Brexit]] referendum on June 23, 2016,<ref>Bennett, Asa (June 29, 2016). [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/29/did-britain-really-vote-brexit-to-cut-immigration/ Did Britain really vote Brexit to cut immigration?]. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved January 7, 2017.</ref><ref>Siegel, Josh (June 23, 2016). [http://dailysignal.com/2016/06/23/how-immigration-fueled-the-brexit-result/ How Immigration Fueled the Brexit Result]. ''The Daily Signal''. Retrieved January 7, 2017.</ref> along with other very important and related factors such as sovereignty and backlash against the leftist [[establishment]] elites who support large levels of immigration.<ref>Friedman, George; Mauldin, John (July 5, 2016). [http://www.forbes.com/sites/johnmauldin/2016/07/05/3-reasons-brits-voted-for-brexit/#6f7d841d78c1 3 Reasons Brits Voted For Brexit]. ''Forbes''. Retrieved January 7, 2017.</ref><br />
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Cameron made the decision to hold the [[Brexit]] referendum<ref name="Alexander2016">Alexander, Harriet (December 9, 2016). [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/12/09/david-cameron-brexit-donald-trump-does-not-regret-calling-referendum/ David Cameron on Brexit, Donald Trump and why he does not regret calling a referendum]. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved May 18, 2017.</ref> and opposed the UK leaving the EU.<ref name="BBCJune2016">[http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-36615028 Brexit: David Cameron to quit after UK votes to leave EU]. ''BBC''. June 24, 2016. Retrieved May 18, 2017.</ref> He resigned immediately after the referendum did not go his way.<ref name="BBCJune2016"/><br />
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===Theresa May and Brexit===<br />
{{See also|Brexit|Theresa May}}<br />
Theresa May became Prime Minister after Cameron. She initiated the formal Brexit process and called an early election to be held in June 2017.<br />
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The Conservative Party shifted its public stances after the Brexit vote, adopting right-wing stances on Europe and immigration more similar to UKIP,<ref>Kentish, Ben (May 15, 2017). [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/tory-voters-more-right-wing-ukip-poll-latest-theresa-may-nigel-farage-a7737491.html Tory voters think their party is now more right-wing than Ukip, poll finds]. ''The Independent''. Retrieved May 18, 2017.</ref> something noted by former UKIP leader [[Nigel Farage]].<ref name="MerrickMay2017">Merrick, Rob (May 7, 2017). [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/election-latest-nigel-farage-theresa-may-stolen-ukip-policies-brussels-bashing-immigration-a7722346.html Nigel Farage says Theresa May is winning because she has stolen all his policies]. ''The Independent''. Retrieved May 7, 2017.</ref>This could be seen in the 2017 Conservative Party campaign manifesto, under Prime Minister [[Theresa May]], which adopted some of UKIP's EU and immigration policies.<ref>Montgomery, Jack (May 18, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/05/18/may-reveals-polarising-policies-immigration-social-care/ Theresa May Launches Conservative Manifesto: Pledge to Leave EU Single Market, Elderly Care Cost Raid]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 18, 2017.</ref><ref name="RaynerMay2017">Rayner, Gordon (May 18, 2017). [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/18/conservative-manifesto-general-election-2017-key-points-policies/ Conservative manifesto for General Election 2017: Key points, policies and summary]. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved May 18, 2017.</ref> Because of this shift, the Conservative Party absorbed many UKIP voters.<ref>Dickson, Annabelle (May 17, 2017). [http://www.politico.eu/article/theresa-may-marches-into-ukip-land/ Theresa May marches into UKIP country]. ''Politico''. Retrieved May 18, 2017.</ref> However, the manifesto also called for some forms of government expansion and additional social spending,<ref name="RaynerMay2017"/><ref>Edmunds, Donna Rachel (May 18, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/05/18/conservatives-social-policy-biggest-stealth-tax-history/ Conservatives’ Social Policy is ‘Biggest Stealth Tax in History’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 18, 2017.</ref> and the manifesto contained several worrisome pledges for conservatives and proponents of Brexit.<ref>Edmunds, Donna Rachel (May 18, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/05/18/top-7-conservative-manifesto-pledges-to-worry-brexiteers/ Top 7 Conservative Manifesto Pledges to Worry Brexiteers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 19, 2017.</ref> Additionally, the manifesto rejected individualism and "untrammeled free markets", and May rejected statements that she was like former Prime Minister [[Margaret Thatcher]] or that she would "drift to the Right."<ref>Hughes, Laura (May 18, 2017). [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/18/general-election-2017-latest-news-polls-analysis/ Theresa May rejects Margaret Thatcher comparisons and says her government 'will not drift to the right']. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved May 18, 2017.</ref> Noting the Conservative Party's past failures to reduce immigration in the recent past, former Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne, now editor of the London Evening Standard, wrote an editorial at the time of the manifesto's release in May 2017 that the Conservative Party leadership opposed and never intended to keep its immigration reduction promises.<ref>Montgomery, Jack (May 17, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/05/17/osborne-boasts-tories-never-intended-keep-immigration-promises/ Osborne Boasts Tories Never Intended to Keep Immigration Promises in Shock Editorial]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 18, 2017.</ref><br />
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====2017 general election====<br />
Due to several blunders made during the campaign,<ref>Barone, Michael (June 9, 2017). [http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/barone-breaking-down-theresa-mays-disastrous-night/article/2625473 Barone: Breaking down Theresa May's disastrous night]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved June 9, 2017.</ref><ref>Dickson, Annabelle (June 9, 2017). [http://www.politico.eu/article/theresa-may-election-mistakes/ 8 election blunders that cost Theresa May her majority]. ''Politico''. Retrieved June 9, 2017.</ref> May's Conservative Party lost seats in a snap election she chose to hold in order to gain power, resulting in a hung parliament.<ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/world/2017/06/09/uk-election-theresa-may-to-ask-queen-permission-to-form-government-despite-losing-majority.html UK election: Theresa May to ask queen permission to form government despite losing majority]. ''Fox News''. June 9, 2017. Retrieved June 9, 2017.</ref> As the Conservative Party remained the party with the most seats, May decided to seek a governing agreement with the right-wing, socially conservative [[Democratic Unionist Party]] (DUP).<ref>Kassam, Raheem (June 9, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/06/09/secret-blessing-tory-dup-alliance-will-remind-tories-conservatism-supposed-look-like/ The Silver Lining? A Tory-DUP Alliance Will Remind the Tories What Conservatism Is Supposed to Look Like]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 9, 2017.</ref><ref>Horton, Helena (June 9, 2017). [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/06/09/7-things-didnt-know-dup/ 7 things you didn't know about the DUP]. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved June 9, 2017.</ref> The two parties signed the agreement<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/0/tory-dup-deal-agreement-full/ Tory-DUP deal: The agreement in full]. ''The Telegraph''. June 26, 2017. Retrieved June 26, 2017.</ref> on June 26, 2017.<ref>Montgomery, Jack (June 26, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/06/26/theresa-may-signs-confidence-supply-agreement-dup/ DUP Triumphant: Tories Forced to Protect Pensions Triple Lock and Commit to Armed Forces Covenant]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 26, 2017.</ref><ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-40403434 Conservatives agree pact with DUP to support May government]. ''BBC News''. Retrieved June 26, 2017.</ref><ref>Kirka, Danica; Katz, Gregory (June 26, 2017). [http://www.foxnews.com/world/2017/06/26/northern-ireland-party-leader-in-talks-with-conservatives.html UK's May makes deal she needs to govern, but critics abound]. ''Fox News'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved June 26, 2017.</ref><br />
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==See also==<br />
* [[British politics]]<br />
* [[British conservatives]]<br />
* [[Conservative Party of New York State|Conservative Party of New York State (CPNYS)]]<br />
* [[American Conservative Party|American Conservative Party (ACP)]]<br />
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==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.conservatives.com/ Conservative Party Official Website]<br />
* [http://www.conservatives.com/Policy/Manifesto.aspx Conservative Party Manefesto for the 2010 General Election]<br />
* [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/david-miliband-would-beat-cameron--unlike-ed-6292887.html]<br />
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[[Category:British Political Parties]]<br />
[[Category:British History]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Christian_Democracy&diff=1367489Christian Democracy2017-08-15T11:40:10Z<p>Elessar: /* Prominent Christian Democrats */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Christian democracy''' is a religious and political ideology that believes [[democracy]], [[human rights]], and the [[Christian]] faith are mutually compatible. Adherents of Christian democracy are known as '''Christian Democrats''' or '''Centrist Democrats'''. Christian democracy is often considered [[centre-right]] on cultural, social, and moral issues (and thus leaning in support of [[social conservatism]], even though such parties have drifted to the Left, along with the culture, on such issues), and it is considered [[centre-left]] "with respect to economic and labor issues, civil rights, and foreign policy."<ref name="Wankel2009">{{cite book|last=Wankel|first=Charles|title=Encyclopedia of Business in Today's World|accessdate=5 July 2016|year=2009|publisher=SAGE Publications|language=English |isbn=9781412964272|page=131|quote=The basic tenets of Christian Democracy call for applying Christian principles to public policy; Christian Democratic parties tend to be socially conservative but otherwise left of center with respect to economic and labor issues, civil rights, and foreign policy.}}</ref> <br />
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Christian Democratic political parties are represented in an international organization known as the Centrist Democrat International (CDI).<br />
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==Prominent Christian Democrats==<br />
<br />
===Europe===<br />
*[[Konrad Adenauer]], first chancellor of [[West Germany]] after [[World War II]] and architect of the social market economy<br />
*Baroness [[Margaret Thatcher]], Prime Minister of the [[United Kingdom]] and leader of the [[Conservative Party]]<br />
*[[Helmut Kohl]], chancellor of West Germany and later the unified [[Germany]]<br />
*[[Éamon de Valera]], president and prime minister of [[Ireland]], whose Constitution of Ireland was influenced by Catholic social teaching<br />
*[[Andrzej Duda]], current [[Poland|Polish]] president<br />
*[[Lech Kaczyński]], former president of Poland<br />
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===The Americas===<br />
*[[Tommy Douglas]]{{cn}}, Former leader of the [[NDP]], minister, and father of Universal Healthcare in [[Canada]]<br />
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==See also==<br />
*[[Socially conservative and fiscally liberal political parties]]<br />
*[[Christian right]]<br />
*[[Social Gospel]]<br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
*[http://idc-cdi.com/en/ Centrist Democrat International]<br />
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{{Conservatism}}<br />
[[Category:Christian Movements]]<br />
[[Category:Political Movements]]</div>Elessarhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Socially_conservative_and_fiscally_liberal_political_parties&diff=1367471Socially conservative and fiscally liberal political parties2017-08-15T04:55:09Z<p>Elessar: </p>
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<div>Most '''[[Social conservatism|socially conservative]] and fiscally liberal political parties''' identify with a [[political ideology]] known as [[Christian Democracy]].<ref name="Wankel2009">{{cite book|last=Wankel|first=Charles|title=Encyclopedia of Business in Today's World|accessdate=31 July 2017|year=2009|publisher=SAGE Publications|language=English |isbn=9781412964272|page=131|quote=The basic tenets of Christian Democracy call for applying Christian principles to public policy; Christian Democratic parties tend to be socially conservative but otherwise left of center with respect to economic and labor issues, civil rights, and foreign policy.}}</ref> In the [[United States]], two Christian Democratic political parties are the [[American Solidarity Party]] (ASP) and the Christian Democratic Union-USA (CDU-USA).<ref name="Padusniak2015">{{citation |title=Why You Should Vote Third Party |last=Padusniak |first=Chase |date=Winter 2015 |journal=Intercollegiate Review |publisher=Intercollegiate Studies Institute|url=http://home.isi.org/why-you-should-vote-third-party|language=English |accessdate=21 July 2017|quote=For the socially-conservative American who thinks government intervention has some place in the economy, the American Solidarity Party might fit.}}</ref><br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Liberalism]]<br />
[[Category:Politics]]<br />
[[Category:United States Politics]]</div>Elessar