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	<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=FirstAmendment</id>
	<title>Conservapedia - User contributions [en]</title>
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	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/Special:Contributions/FirstAmendment"/>
	<updated>2026-09-22T19:22:02Z</updated>
	<subtitle>User contributions</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.35.14</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:Devon_Archer&amp;diff=1694821</id>
		<title>Talk:Devon Archer</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:Devon_Archer&amp;diff=1694821"/>
		<updated>2020-10-12T04:52:55Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: sp&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;This article is very confusing and may have two paragraphs accidentally dropped in from a different article.  How do Whitey Bolger and John Durham relate to Devon Archer?  There may be a connection, but the article does not contain any linkage.  Should the Bolger and Durham paragraphs be deleted? Thanks, [[User:FirstAmendment|FirstAmendment]] ([[User talk:FirstAmendment|talk]]) 00:52, 12 October 2020 (EDT)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:Devon_Archer&amp;diff=1694819</id>
		<title>Talk:Devon Archer</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:Devon_Archer&amp;diff=1694819"/>
		<updated>2020-10-12T04:52:11Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: two misplaced paragraphs?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;This article is very confusing and may have two paragraphs accidentally dropped in from a different article.  How do Whitey Bolger and John Durham related to Devon Archer?  There may be a connection, but the article does not contain any linkage.  Should the Bolger and Durham paragraphs be deleted? Thanks, [[User:FirstAmendment|FirstAmendment]] ([[User talk:FirstAmendment|talk]]) 00:52, 12 October 2020 (EDT)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Evergreen_State_College&amp;diff=1694033</id>
		<title>Evergreen State College</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Evergreen_State_College&amp;diff=1694033"/>
		<updated>2020-10-09T10:38:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: Academics&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{University&lt;br /&gt;
|name=Evergreen State College&lt;br /&gt;
|background=Green&lt;br /&gt;
|text=white&lt;br /&gt;
|type=Public&lt;br /&gt;
|city=Olympia, Washington&lt;br /&gt;
|size= 	4,089&amp;lt;ref name=facts&amp;gt;http://www.evergreen.edu/institutionalresearch/factpage&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|faculty=229&amp;lt;ref name=facts/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|sports=Basketball, Volleyball, Track and Field, and Soccer&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://gogeoducks.com/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|colors=Green and White&lt;br /&gt;
|mascot=Speedy, a [[Geoduck]]&lt;br /&gt;
|website=[http://www.evergreen.edu/ www.evergreen.edu]&lt;br /&gt;
|endowment=$8,582,189&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;The Evergreen State College Foundation audited financials for fiscal 2013-2014&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Evergreen State College''' is a public liberal [[art]]s college located near [[Olympia]], [[Washington]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
The Council of Presidents of Washington State baccalaureate institutions wrote a report in 1964 stating that another college was needed in the state to balance the geographical distribution of the existing state institutions. Following further feasibility studies, the state legislature passed a law creating a new state college stipulating that the campus should be no smaller than 600 acres, making it then the largest campus in the state as well as the first public four-year college created in Washington in the 20th century.  Classes started in 1971 with 1128 students.  Charles J. McCann was the founding President of Evergreen until June 1977.  Daniel J. Evans, who as Governor signed the legislation creating Evergreen, became President. Evans left the president's office abruptly in 1983 when he was appointed to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy created by the death of Senator Henry M. Jackson.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2017 protests===&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Evergreen clocktower.jpg|thumb|right|Campus Clock Tower]]&lt;br /&gt;
In some past years, students staged a &amp;quot;Day of Absence&amp;quot; event where African-American students held events off campus to make the other students realize how much they contribute overall to the college.  In 2017, students proposed that the white students refrain from conducting classes or events on campus as the &amp;quot;Day of Absence.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref name=highered&amp;gt;Jaschik , Scott. (May 30, 2017). &amp;quot;[https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2017/05/30/escalating-debate-race-evergreen-state-students-demand-firing-professor Who Defines What Is Racist?]&amp;quot;, ''[[Inside Higher Ed]]''. Retrieved June 3, 2017.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Biology Professor Bret Weinstein publicly objected to the change&amp;lt;ref name=highered /&amp;gt; and wrote a piece for ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''.  The Administration told him he would not be safe on campus, so he held his class off-campus in a park.  In response, African-American students demanded that Prof. Weinstein be fired.  Because local law enforcement received credible threats of terrorism, the campus was completely closed on June 1 and 2.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2017/jun/01/lawmaker-targets-evergreen-college-money-amid-race/|title=&lt;br /&gt;
Threat closes Evergreen State College after protests over race|date=June 1, 2017|accessdate=June 2, 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Additional threats were received over the weekend, and police closed the campus on June 5 until 3 p.m.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.evergreen.edu/news/post/olympia-campus-reopens-monday-june-5|title=Olympia Campus Reopens Monday, June 5|work=evergreen.edu|date=June 5, 2017|accessdate=June 6. 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Students also occupied the President's office for two hours.&amp;lt;ref name=times/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In response to student protests, the President promised to hire senior administrators who are minorities and to provide great latitudes for Native Americans who wish to &amp;quot;cook and eat Native foods in freedom.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.evergreen.edu/news/post/response-student-issues|title=Response to Student Issues|date=May 26, 2017|accessdate=June 3, 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On June 2, 2017, 15 members of the Washington State House introduced a bill to convert Evergreen State into a private college.&amp;lt;ref name=bill&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=2221&amp;amp;Year=2017|title= HB 2221 - 2017-18: Transitioning The Evergreen State College to a private four-year institution of higher education.|accessdate=June 18, 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The same bill was reintroduced in the 2018 legislative session.&amp;lt;ref name=bill/&amp;gt;  On June 6, the school announced the relocation of its graduation out of concern for possible demonstrations or disruptions.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://komonews.com/news/local/classes-resume-at-evergreen-state-as-graduation-is-moved|title=Classes resume at Evergreen State as graduation is moved|work=KOMO News|date=June 6, 2017|accessdate=June 17, 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  On June 15, an off-campus group called &amp;quot;[[Patriot Prayer]]&amp;quot; together with conservative Evergreen students marched on campus and got into a violent confrontation with a group of counter-demonstrators that was broken up by State Police.&amp;lt;ref name=times&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://mobile.nytimes.com/2017/06/16/us/evergreen-state-protests.html|title=A Campus Argument Goes Viral. Now the College Is Under Siege.|date=June 16, 2017|accessdate=June 18, 2017|work=New York Times}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2017/06/16/protest-and-counterprotest-evergreen-state|title=Protest and Counterprotest at Evergreen State|date=June 16, 2017|accessdate=June 18, 2017|work=Inside Higher Ed}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The June 16, 2017 graduation ceremony was moved to a minor league baseball stadium in Tacoma Washington, where all participants passed through metal detectors.  The rental of the stadium together with security and bus transportation cost the school $100,000.&amp;lt;ref name=times/&amp;gt;  The ceremony proceeded without disruption. The theme was “In a time of destruction, create something.” a quote by Maxine Hong Kingston, and the graduating class charity was Stand with Standing Rock, a grassroots movement that began in early 2016 in reaction to the approved Dakota Access Pipeline.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.evergreen.edu/graduation/theme-speaker|title=Graduation Commencement Ceremony|accessdate=June 18, 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In July 2017, Weinstein and his wife, Anthropology Professor Heather Heying, filed a $3.85 million tort claim against the college.  In September, Weinstein, Heying and the college reached a settlement for $500,000 with Weinstein and Heying resigning from the faculty.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.cooperpointjournal.com/2017/09/26/school-settles-weinstein-resigns/|title=School Settles|date=September 26, 2017|accessdate=January 22, 2018}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Concurrently, student Resident Advisors living in the dorms form an informal organization called RAFT (which was not a union) which presented demands in May regarding working conditions, racism, and pay.  When RAFT's demands were not met, they went on strike.  Over the summer, the striking RAFT members were mostly terminated for failure to perform their jobs and their meal plans were canceled and they were ordered to vacate their dorm rooms.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.cooperpointjournal.com/2017/09/26/resident-assistants-on-strike-resident-assistants-fighting-for-tomorrow-ends-in-mass-firing/|title=Resident Assistants on Strike|date=September 26, 2017|accessdate=January 22, 2018}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Academic program==&lt;br /&gt;
Students follow one of 11 curated Paths of Study or design their own program.  At the end of each course, the student writes an self-evaluation called a &amp;quot;Academic Statement&amp;quot; and then the professor writes a &amp;quot;critical evaluation.&amp;quot;  There are no letter grades.  Prior to the 2017 protests, the faculty established pipelines with various graduate schools that enabled Evergreen undergraduates to use their faculty recommendations to get accepted into programs to continue education.  However, since 2017, the loss of established faculty and the decline in use of standardized tests for graduate admission has diminished the value of an Evergreen undergraduate degree.&amp;lt;ref name=academics&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.evergreen.edu/academics|title=Academics|accessdate=October 9, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Evergreen's Native Pathways Program is for students who are connected and involved within Native American or Indigenous communities and culture.  It &amp;quot;provides opportunities to learn through western and indigenous pedagogy, while maintaining and promoting an indigenous worldview.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.evergreen.edu/nativepathways|title=Native Pathways Program|accessdate=October 9, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Evergreen offers three advanced degrees: &lt;br /&gt;
*Master of Environmental Studies&lt;br /&gt;
*Master of Public Administration&lt;br /&gt;
*Master in Teaching&amp;lt;ref name=academics/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==Student body==&lt;br /&gt;
The college has a 98% acceptance rate, making it one of the least selective colleges in the nation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/evergreen-state-college-8155/applying US News Report]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The average GPA for freshmen admitted in 2015 was 3.15. The average SAT composite (critical reading and math) score was 1084 and the average ACT composite test score was 24. The SAT writing test and subject tests are not required.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.evergreen.edu/admissions/requirements/freshman&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Twenty-six percent of the students are students of color, and 60% of students hold down a job while going to school.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.evergreen.edu/about/facts&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Famous alumni==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Rachel Corrie]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Matt Groening]] creator of the Simpsons&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Washington Universities]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Liberal Organizations]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Category:Wisconsin_Universities&amp;diff=1693682</id>
		<title>Category:Wisconsin Universities</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Category:Wisconsin_Universities&amp;diff=1693682"/>
		<updated>2020-10-08T18:09:04Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: start cat&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Category:United States Universities]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Marquette_University&amp;diff=1693681</id>
		<title>Marquette University</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Marquette_University&amp;diff=1693681"/>
		<updated>2020-10-08T18:08:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: /* External links */ fix cat&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{University&lt;br /&gt;
|name=Marquette University&lt;br /&gt;
|image=&lt;br /&gt;
|text=rgb(0,27,79)&lt;br /&gt;
|background=rgb(252,201,23)&lt;br /&gt;
|type=Private&lt;br /&gt;
|city=Milwaukee, Wisconsin&lt;br /&gt;
|sports=basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, tennis, track and field, volleyball&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://gomarquette.cstv.com/index-main.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|size=11,800&amp;lt;ref name=AboutMarquette&amp;gt;{{cite web|title=Marquette University|url=https://www.marquette.edu/about/|publisher=MarquetteUniversity|accessdate=October 8, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|colors=gold, blue, white&lt;br /&gt;
|mascot=Golden Eagles&lt;br /&gt;
| endowment = $698.0 million (2019)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;As of June 30, 2019. {{cite web |url=https://www.nacubo.org/-/media/Nacubo/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2019-Endowment-Market-Values--Final-Feb-10.ashx? |title=U.S. and Canadian 2019 NTSE Participating Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2019 Endowment Market Value, and Percentage Change in Market Value from FY18 to FY19 (Revised) |publisher=National Association of College and University Business Officers and TIAA |accessdate=October 8, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|website=http://www.mu.edu/&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Marquette University''' is a private [[Jesuit]] [[school]] located in Milwaukee, [[Wisconsin]].  It was named after Father [[Jacques Marquette]], a missionary and explorer of the 1600s.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.marquette.edu/omc/newsroom/news/prFrMarqStat9-19-05.shtml&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2020, Marquette's black student counsel demanded a “Black Living Learning Community” and ways to punish “hate speech.”  This has prompted criticism for illegal housing segregation and for violating First Amendment Rights.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thecollegefix.com/marquette-explores-blacks-only-housing-plan-hate-speech-punishment/|title=Marquette explores blacks-only housing plan, hate speech punishment|date=October 6, 2020|accessdate=October 8, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://marquette.edu/ Marquette University official site]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Nb_US_universities|Wisconsin‎}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Marquette_University&amp;diff=1693679</id>
		<title>Marquette University</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Marquette_University&amp;diff=1693679"/>
		<updated>2020-10-08T18:07:31Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: black student council demands&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{University&lt;br /&gt;
|name=Marquette University&lt;br /&gt;
|image=&lt;br /&gt;
|text=rgb(0,27,79)&lt;br /&gt;
|background=rgb(252,201,23)&lt;br /&gt;
|type=Private&lt;br /&gt;
|city=Milwaukee, Wisconsin&lt;br /&gt;
|sports=basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, tennis, track and field, volleyball&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://gomarquette.cstv.com/index-main.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|size=11,800&amp;lt;ref name=AboutMarquette&amp;gt;{{cite web|title=Marquette University|url=https://www.marquette.edu/about/|publisher=MarquetteUniversity|accessdate=October 8, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|colors=gold, blue, white&lt;br /&gt;
|mascot=Golden Eagles&lt;br /&gt;
| endowment = $698.0 million (2019)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;As of June 30, 2019. {{cite web |url=https://www.nacubo.org/-/media/Nacubo/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2019-Endowment-Market-Values--Final-Feb-10.ashx? |title=U.S. and Canadian 2019 NTSE Participating Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2019 Endowment Market Value, and Percentage Change in Market Value from FY18 to FY19 (Revised) |publisher=National Association of College and University Business Officers and TIAA |accessdate=October 8, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|website=http://www.mu.edu/&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Marquette University''' is a private [[Jesuit]] [[school]] located in Milwaukee, [[Wisconsin]].  It was named after Father [[Jacques Marquette]], a missionary and explorer of the 1600s.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.marquette.edu/omc/newsroom/news/prFrMarqStat9-19-05.shtml&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2020, Marquette's black student counsel demanded a “Black Living Learning Community” and ways to punish “hate speech.”  This has prompted criticism for illegal housing segregation and for violating First Amendment Rights.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thecollegefix.com/marquette-explores-blacks-only-housing-plan-hate-speech-punishment/|title=Marquette explores blacks-only housing plan, hate speech punishment|date=October 6, 2020|accessdate=October 8, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://marquette.edu/ Marquette University official site]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Nb_US_universities‎}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Critical_race_theory&amp;diff=1693059</id>
		<title>Critical race theory</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Critical_race_theory&amp;diff=1693059"/>
		<updated>2020-10-07T01:07:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: /* Trump Administration */ Sept 28 OMB action&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:White privilege.jpeg|right}250px|thumb|A [[white privilege]]d [[middle class]] female confronts an [[African American]] police officer: &amp;quot;They're part of the problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://youtu.be/1hSmeFzCkUs&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Critical race theory''' ('''CRT''') is a [[Postmodernist]] construct based on [[Critical theory]] that teaches that race is not [[genetic]].  Instead, race is a social construct and a basis for political struggles in the fight for racial justice.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Critical race theory provided the foundation for claims that the [[Founding Fathers]] are &amp;quot;[[racist]].&amp;quot;  Critical race theory was devised by Derrick Bell, [[Barack Obama]]’s favorite Harvard professor, in the early 1980s.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Fernando, Ivan (November 18, 2013). [http://diversitychronicle.wordpress.com/2013/11/18/progressive-professor-urges-white-male-students-to-commit-suicide-during-class/ &amp;quot;Progressive professor urges white male students to commit suicide during class&amp;quot;]. Diversity Chronicle website.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; CRT exemplifies [[Lenin]]’s strategy as applied to race.  According to [[Discover the Networks]]:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox-float|Critical race theory contends that America is permanently racist to its core, and that consequently the nation’s legal structures are, by definition, racist and invalid … members of “oppressed” racial groups are entitled—in fact obligated—to determine for themselves which laws and traditions have merit and are worth observing. …}}&lt;br /&gt;
Bell’s theory is in turn an innovation of [[Critical Theory]], which was developed by Marxist thinkers of the [[Frankfurt School]] in Frankfurt, Germany, in 1923. The Institute’s left-wing scholars fled Hitler’s Germany in the 1930s, relocating to [[Columbia University]] in New York. Critical Theory teaches a view that all aspects of Western society are discredited, and this view forms the foundation of what we know today as [[political correctness]]. One of its most famous purveyors was the Frankfurt School’s [[Herbert Marcuse]], longtime associate of the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]]’s [[Julian Bond]]. Marcuse invented the concept of “partisan tolerance,” that is, [[tolerance]] for leftist ideas and [[intolerance]] of all others. The Southern Poverty Law Center applied Marcuse’s strategy in developing its “Hate Watch” list, and ''[[Rules for Radicals]]'' author [[Saul Alinsky]] used it in his own life’s work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Criticism==&lt;br /&gt;
Peter M. Burfeind writes,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://thefederalist.com/2020/09/24/why-black-lives-matter-only-empowers-racist-white-leftists/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox|[[Black Lives Matter]] is the operational arm of “critical race theory,” the [[postmodern]] philosophy of “critical theory” applied to race. Critical theory suffers an inescapable [[epistemology|epistemological]] conundrum. It’s the Liar’s Paradox: If a Cretan says all Cretans are liars, is he to be believed? [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So, who came up with critical theory? You got it: white men. Or do you not recognize in [[Immanuel Kant]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]], [[Michel Foucault]], Jean Baudrillard, Ferdinand de Saussure, George Herbert Mead, [[Noam Chomsky]], Hans-Georg Gadamer, [[Roland Barthes]], and [[Jacques Derrida]], a whiteness the lilies themselves would envy. Should we not add critical theory to the list of oppressive systems dead white men came up with to advance [[white supremacy |white power]]? [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to its own terms, critical race theory must be racist. Furthermore, Black Lives Matter, the political movement based on its theories, must also be racist—and not black racism, but white racism. At a deep, subconscious level, it serves the purpose of advancing and enhancing “white privilege.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How else do you explain rich white kids screeching venom at black [[police]] officers and business owners?&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://pjmedia.com/news-and-politics/tyler-o-neil/2020/06/23/watch-white-blm-protester-calls-black-cop-n-word-in-profane-tirade-n567409&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Or how else do you explain that the theorist who’s been most empowered by critical race theory is white author Robin DiAngelo?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ruminate on the sad indisputability of this statement for a moment: Something in the [[leftist]]s’ minds needs to keep minorities from finding [[hope]] and advancing in existent American “systems.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Meanwhile, of necessity by the terms of critical race theory, the flip side of this dynamic is going on. Leftists feel the [[new world order]] will advance their wills to power. Now, at the subconscious level, leftists don’t know they’re doing this. They may reject they’re doing this — because they have [[white fragility]]. Or, more accurately, they are projecting onto others what they themselves are.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They are truly the racists, as they always have been. And here’s sort of an obvious point: They’re telling everyone this now. This is exactly what they’re currently saying: “We’re all racist.” To which I say, “Speak for yourself, but interesting what you’re saying.” [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Who do you suppose will benefit most from that new regime of [[civil rights]] law? Sounds like a nice system if you’re an upper-middle-class white leftist. That’s because it is. It’s exactly as critical race theory proposes. “Whites gonna white,” says the theory, so how can the theory itself be anything other than the latest vehicle for whites to empower themselves?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The evidence bears this out. The left has had decades of power and control of our cities, [[academia]], and [[media]]. They’ve had ample opportunities to demonstrate the wonders of their ideas. Yet all we see is the [[systemic racism|perpetuation of the very things they decry]], while they gain more and more power.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For decades, we’ve been told all the [[violence]] and ugliness spawned by leftism are merely the birth pangs of a new system. Well, how long do you leftists need to give birth? Enough already! Give us a taste of the glories of the New World in your [[Democrat urban issues|urban microcosms]]!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Or maybe, as Maya Angelou said, “When someone shows you who he is, believe him.” Leftists are outing themselves as racists complicit in perpetuating systems of oppression. Maybe we should believe them. [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Perhaps an honest appraisal of critical race theory is in order, so we can liberate ourselves from the sticky epistemological tentacles of a nonsensical theory. Unfortunately, writ into the DNA of its axioms is the deconstruction of rational dialogue — that too, you see, is just another tool of white privilege. Leftism can’t have room for questions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We could extol what is by and large a just system for the advancement of anyone who applies himself and works hard — the American system. Individuals in that system could be spending their days in hope and personal achievement using the liberties available to them in this country. Or we could have a healthy discussion about race as it relates to traditional American principles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yet instead, we’ll just have to wait for the virus of critical race theory to work its [[nihilism|nihilistic]] destruction on the black community, while whites sit on the sidelines with their shut, masked mouths, on bended knee, advancing their privilege.}}&lt;br /&gt;
==Higher Education==&lt;br /&gt;
CRT has affected higher education in a number of ways,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/bridge/CriticalTheory/critical4.htm|title=Critical Race Theory|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and many critics claimed that higher education was the breeding ground for the theory prior to its spread into general society.  CRT has been developed and spread in a large number of academic papers, with journal editors showing a preference for analysis that promotes CRT relative to other theoretical frameworks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In terms of faculty hiring, under Title VII of the Civil Rights Law of 1964, discrimination on the basis of race in hiring and promotion is illegal, however CRT adherents advocated that color-blind hiring and promotion practices must be abandoned because of the inherent &amp;quot;institutional racism&amp;quot; embedded in traditional views of academic standards and quality.  Some universities reallocated budgets to create special minority hiring funds.  Under this arrangement, academic departments could use color-blind hiring as vacancies occurred, but that separate funding would be made available from the central fund for additional raced-based hiring.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Starting in the 1980s, campuses began to adopt &amp;quot;speech codes&amp;quot; seeking to limit student speech that black students would find hurtful without a corresponding limitation on speech that majority students would find hurtful.  CRT provided a rational for limiting traditional First Amendment rights of college students and staff.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In contrast with the 1960s, when the Civil Rights Movement fought to integrate campus housing, including fraternities and sororities, CRT has promoted &amp;quot;safe spaces&amp;quot; and segregated campus housing for minority students.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first and most thorough adoption of CRT in the United States was at [[Evergreen State College]] in 2017.  Proposals were advanced for race-based hiring and promotion, and administrators tried to pressure faculty to change the grades of a black student who complained.  The students took over the library/administration building, seized the cafeteria, demanded that the President stand-down the police, while they hunted down [[Bret Weinstein]], a faculty-critic, with baseball bats.  When the administration called a town-hall meeting, the black students actively discouraged white students from attending.  The national publicity of the crisis resulted in a large drop in enrollment and donations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Religion==&lt;br /&gt;
According to the [[Alabama]]-based '''Capstone Report''', Critical race theory has made its way into some of the [[Southern Baptist Convention]]'s (SBC) seminaries.  At its 2019 Annual Meeting, messengers to the SBC narrowly passed Resolution 9, which stated that CRT (along with [[intersectionality]], another controversial construct) could be &amp;quot;useful tools&amp;quot; in interpreting modern issues (though it pointed out that any such use not impinge on [[Biblical inerrancy]] or infallibility).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In response, a [[Conservative Baptist Network]] was formed in February 2020 to battle the spread of CRT within the SBC.  It is concerned that CRT has overwhelmed the proper Baptist emphasis on evangelism and spiritual renewal.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/conservative-baptist-network-launched-amid-woke-trend-in-sbc-emphasizing-scripture-evangelism.html|date=FEBRUARY 14, 2020|title=Conservative Baptist Network launched amid 'woke' trend in SBC, emphasizing Scripture, evangelism|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Theologian [[Tim Keller]] has noted: {{quotebox|The distinctly secular theory of justice locates evil in the wrong place, he added, seeing all injustice as occurring on a human level, demonizing human being instead of recognizing evil forces — &amp;quot;the world, the flesh, the devil&amp;quot; operating in every human being (Ephesians 6:12).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/critical-theory-is-not-biblical-justice-it-locates-evil-in-the-wrong-place-tim-keller-explains.html|title=Critical theory is not biblical justice, it locates evil in the wrong place: Tim Keller explains|date=August 13, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
==Law enforcement==&lt;br /&gt;
:{{see also|Systemic racism}}&lt;br /&gt;
Under traditional theories, the goal of law enforcement was the adoption of clear rules of conduct and then enforcing those rules in a color-blind manner.  Because law enforcement officials have to make split-second decisions that could result in serious bodily harm or death, most states adopted [[qualified immunity]] statutes to protect individual law enforcement officers from liability for such injuries.  In contrast, CRT sees all events and interactions as involving race and the exercise of power to subjugate racial groups.  Accordingly, CRT justifies movements to &amp;quot;defund the police&amp;quot; and to repeal qualified immunity for law enforcement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Trump Administration==&lt;br /&gt;
On September 4, 2020, President Trump ordered federal executive branch departments to halt employee training based upon critical race theory.  Russ Vought, director of the Office of Management and Budget, wrote a memo announcing Trump's instruction to stop using controversial forms of training on “critical race theory,” “white privilege” and “any other training or propaganda effort that teaches or suggests either...that the United States is an inherently racist or evil country or...that any race or ethnicity is inherently racist or evil.”  Vought added, “These types of ‘trainings’ not only run counter to the fundamental beliefs for which our Nation has stood since its inception, but they also engender division and resentment within the Federal workforce.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-ends-critical-race-theory-training-federal-employees|title=Trump ends 'critical race theory' training for federal employees, calls it a 'sickness'|date=September 5, 2020|work=Fox News|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Vought's memo concludes:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox| The divisive, false, and demeaning propaganda of the critical race theory movement is&lt;br /&gt;
contrary to all we stand for as Americans and should have no place in the Federal government.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/M-20-34.pdf|title=MEMORANDUM FOR THE HEADS OF EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES M20-34|date=September 4, 2020|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On September 22, 2020, President Trump followed up with an Executive Order on &amp;quot;Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-combating-race-sex-stereotyping/|title=Executive Order on Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping&lt;br /&gt;
|date=September 22, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The Executive Order prohibits teaching CRT to the Uniformed Services or requiring members of the Uniformed Services from being sanctions for refusing agree with CRT.  All federal government contractors are prohibited from using CRT-based trainings.  Entities that receive federal grants are also prohibited.  The Executive Order recognizes the inconsistency between CRT and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.  The Attorney General must research how CRT could establish a hostile work environment prohibited by Title VII.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On September 28, 2020, the Director of OMB followed up with further guidance requiring all federal departments to report on all of their contracts and contractors by November 20, 2020 all violations of the other guidance.  Anyone who is aware of federally funding training that violates those Executive actions are instructed to report it to an Inspector General.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/M-20-37.pdf|title=Ending Employee Trainings that Use Divisive Propaganda to Undermine the Principle of Fair and Equal Treatment for All |date=Sept. 28, 2020|accessdate=Oct. 6, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Youth groups and organizations==&lt;br /&gt;
Following the death of [[George Floyd]], a nation-wide panic arose to &amp;quot;virtue signal&amp;quot; support for &amp;quot;racial justice&amp;quot; as defined through the lens of CRT.  For example, on June 15, 2020, the Boy Scouts of America Executive Committee issued a statement that redefined &amp;quot;Be Brave&amp;quot; as including being anti-racist.  {{quotebox|The Boy Scouts of America stands with Black families and the Black community because we believe that Black Lives Matter. This is not a political issue; it is a human rights issue and one we all have a duty to address.}} BSA will require each Eagle Scout to earn a new diversity and inclusion merit badge, and all BSA staff will be required to attend diversity training.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://scoutingwire.org/bsas-commitment-to-act-against-racial-injustice/|title=BSA’S COMMITMENT TO ACT AGAINST RACIAL INJUSTICE|date=June 15, 2020|accessdate=October 4, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2007, a Professor at the University of Waterloo published a research paper, &amp;quot;Ugly on the Diamonds: An Examination of White Privilege in Youth Baseball&amp;quot; which argued that there are elements of racism within the color-blind polices of the Little League.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01490400601160895?journalCode=ulsc20|first=Troy D. |last=Glover|date=January 30, 2007|title=Ugly on the Diamonds: An Examination of White Privilege in Youth Baseball}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==Psychology and psychiatry==&lt;br /&gt;
On September 1, 2020, the national professional society of caregivers responsible for the mental health of '''individuals''' in the United States, adopted a resolution calling for “true systemic change in U.S. culture” because of “institutional racism.”&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2020/09/03/psychological-association-urges-true-systemic-change-us-culture/|title=American Psychological Association Urges ‘True Systemic Change in U.S. Culture’|work=Breitbart|date=September 3, 2020|accessdate=October 4, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  It is unclear how the duty to provide care in the best interests of indivdual patients will be compromised by this new goal of fighting institutional racism or whether white patients will be treated differently that patients of color.&lt;br /&gt;
==Other professional organizations==&lt;br /&gt;
Mathematics is possibly the profession which deals with abstract truths and discovery independent of cultural factors.  Our current mathematical knowledge has its origins in Arabia, Greece, China, India among other civilizations.  Yet, in response to the Trump Administrations discussed above, the Mathematical Association of America's Committee on Minority Participation in Mathematics issued a statement on October 2, 2020:{{quotebox|Critical race theory, referenced in recent Executive statements by the President of the United States, is an established social science inquiry which is grounded in decades of scholarship. It is misguided, at best, to reduce this theory to the race-blaming of white people and to define it and the discussion of systemic racism as a “divisive concept.” Furthermore, banning training utilizing this scholarship to raise consciousness, from federal and federal contractor workplaces, is an encroachment on science and the academy.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.mathvalues.org/masterblog/anti-science-policy-censure-of-discourse-on-race-and-racism|title=ANTI-SCIENCE POLICY AND THE CENSURE OF DISCOURSE ON RACE AND RACISM|date=October 2, 2020|accessdate=Oct. 6, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}  Of course, this criticism is inapt because the Executive statements specifically allow for teaching of CRT objectively, and prohibit in race-blaming of any group, whites, blacks or other people of color or misusing stereotypes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Bibliography==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/147980276X/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl Delgado, Richard. Critical Race Theory, Third Edition. NYU Press. Kindle Edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1442216042/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl Thompson, Sherwood. Encyclopedia of Diversity and Social Justice. Rowman &amp;amp; Littlefield Publishers. Kindle Edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1634312023/ref=as_li_tl Pluckrose, Helen &amp;amp; James Lindsay, CYNICAL THEORIES: How Activist Scholarship Made Everything about Race, Gender, and Identity―and Why This Harms Everybody. Pitchstone Publishing.] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Critical legal studies]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Politically correct renaming]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[1619 Project]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://newdiscourses.com/tftw-critical-race-theory/ Social Justice Encyclopedia]&lt;br /&gt;
{{communism}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Postmodernism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Marxism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racism]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Critical_race_theory&amp;diff=1692934</id>
		<title>Critical race theory</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Critical_race_theory&amp;diff=1692934"/>
		<updated>2020-10-06T18:41:36Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: /* Other professional organizations */ sp&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;[[File:White privilege.jpeg|right}250px|thumb|A [[white privilege]]d [[middle class]] female confronts an [[African American]] police officer: &amp;quot;They're part of the problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://youtu.be/1hSmeFzCkUs&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Critical race theory''' ('''CRT''') is a [[Postmodernist]] construct based on [[Critical theory]] that teaches that race is not [[genetic]].  Instead, race is a social construct and a basis for political struggles in the fight for racial justice.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Critical race theory provided the foundation for claims that the [[Founding Fathers]] are &amp;quot;[[racist]].&amp;quot;  Critical race theory was devised by Derrick Bell, [[Barack Obama]]’s favorite Harvard professor, in the early 1980s.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Fernando, Ivan (November 18, 2013). [http://diversitychronicle.wordpress.com/2013/11/18/progressive-professor-urges-white-male-students-to-commit-suicide-during-class/ &amp;quot;Progressive professor urges white male students to commit suicide during class&amp;quot;]. Diversity Chronicle website.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; CRT exemplifies [[Lenin]]’s strategy as applied to race.  According to [[Discover the Networks]]:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox-float|Critical race theory contends that America is permanently racist to its core, and that consequently the nation’s legal structures are, by definition, racist and invalid … members of “oppressed” racial groups are entitled—in fact obligated—to determine for themselves which laws and traditions have merit and are worth observing. …}}&lt;br /&gt;
Bell’s theory is in turn an innovation of [[Critical Theory]], which was developed by Marxist thinkers of the [[Frankfurt School]] in Frankfurt, Germany, in 1923. The Institute’s left-wing scholars fled Hitler’s Germany in the 1930s, relocating to [[Columbia University]] in New York. Critical Theory teaches a view that all aspects of Western society are discredited, and this view forms the foundation of what we know today as [[political correctness]]. One of its most famous purveyors was the Frankfurt School’s [[Herbert Marcuse]], longtime associate of the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]]’s [[Julian Bond]]. Marcuse invented the concept of “partisan tolerance,” that is, [[tolerance]] for leftist ideas and [[intolerance]] of all others. The Southern Poverty Law Center applied Marcuse’s strategy in developing its “Hate Watch” list, and ''[[Rules for Radicals]]'' author [[Saul Alinsky]] used it in his own life’s work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Criticism==&lt;br /&gt;
Peter M. Burfeind writes,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://thefederalist.com/2020/09/24/why-black-lives-matter-only-empowers-racist-white-leftists/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox|[[Black Lives Matter]] is the operational arm of “critical race theory,” the [[postmodern]] philosophy of “critical theory” applied to race. Critical theory suffers an inescapable [[epistemology|epistemological]] conundrum. It’s the Liar’s Paradox: If a Cretan says all Cretans are liars, is he to be believed? [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So, who came up with critical theory? You got it: white men. Or do you not recognize in [[Immanuel Kant]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]], [[Michel Foucault]], Jean Baudrillard, Ferdinand de Saussure, George Herbert Mead, [[Noam Chomsky]], Hans-Georg Gadamer, [[Roland Barthes]], and [[Jacques Derrida]], a whiteness the lilies themselves would envy. Should we not add critical theory to the list of oppressive systems dead white men came up with to advance [[white supremacy |white power]]? [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to its own terms, critical race theory must be racist. Furthermore, Black Lives Matter, the political movement based on its theories, must also be racist—and not black racism, but white racism. At a deep, subconscious level, it serves the purpose of advancing and enhancing “white privilege.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How else do you explain rich white kids screeching venom at black [[police]] officers and business owners?&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://pjmedia.com/news-and-politics/tyler-o-neil/2020/06/23/watch-white-blm-protester-calls-black-cop-n-word-in-profane-tirade-n567409&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Or how else do you explain that the theorist who’s been most empowered by critical race theory is white author Robin DiAngelo?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ruminate on the sad indisputability of this statement for a moment: Something in the [[leftist]]s’ minds needs to keep minorities from finding [[hope]] and advancing in existent American “systems.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Meanwhile, of necessity by the terms of critical race theory, the flip side of this dynamic is going on. Leftists feel the [[new world order]] will advance their wills to power. Now, at the subconscious level, leftists don’t know they’re doing this. They may reject they’re doing this — because they have [[white fragility]]. Or, more accurately, they are projecting onto others what they themselves are.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They are truly the racists, as they always have been. And here’s sort of an obvious point: They’re telling everyone this now. This is exactly what they’re currently saying: “We’re all racist.” To which I say, “Speak for yourself, but interesting what you’re saying.” [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Who do you suppose will benefit most from that new regime of [[civil rights]] law? Sounds like a nice system if you’re an upper-middle-class white leftist. That’s because it is. It’s exactly as critical race theory proposes. “Whites gonna white,” says the theory, so how can the theory itself be anything other than the latest vehicle for whites to empower themselves?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The evidence bears this out. The left has had decades of power and control of our cities, [[academia]], and [[media]]. They’ve had ample opportunities to demonstrate the wonders of their ideas. Yet all we see is the [[systemic racism|perpetuation of the very things they decry]], while they gain more and more power.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For decades, we’ve been told all the [[violence]] and ugliness spawned by leftism are merely the birth pangs of a new system. Well, how long do you leftists need to give birth? Enough already! Give us a taste of the glories of the New World in your [[Democrat urban issues|urban microcosms]]!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Or maybe, as Maya Angelou said, “When someone shows you who he is, believe him.” Leftists are outing themselves as racists complicit in perpetuating systems of oppression. Maybe we should believe them. [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Perhaps an honest appraisal of critical race theory is in order, so we can liberate ourselves from the sticky epistemological tentacles of a nonsensical theory. Unfortunately, writ into the DNA of its axioms is the deconstruction of rational dialogue — that too, you see, is just another tool of white privilege. Leftism can’t have room for questions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We could extol what is by and large a just system for the advancement of anyone who applies himself and works hard — the American system. Individuals in that system could be spending their days in hope and personal achievement using the liberties available to them in this country. Or we could have a healthy discussion about race as it relates to traditional American principles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yet instead, we’ll just have to wait for the virus of critical race theory to work its [[nihilism|nihilistic]] destruction on the black community, while whites sit on the sidelines with their shut, masked mouths, on bended knee, advancing their privilege.}}&lt;br /&gt;
==Higher Education==&lt;br /&gt;
CRT has affected higher education in a number of ways,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/bridge/CriticalTheory/critical4.htm|title=Critical Race Theory|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and many critics claimed that higher education was the breeding ground for the theory prior to its spread into general society.  CRT has been developed and spread in a large number of academic papers, with journal editors showing a preference for analysis that promotes CRT relative to other theoretical frameworks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In terms of faculty hiring, under Title VII of the Civil Rights Law of 1964, discrimination on the basis of race in hiring and promotion is illegal, however CRT adherents advocated that color-blind hiring and promotion practices must be abandoned because of the inherent &amp;quot;institutional racism&amp;quot; embedded in traditional views of academic standards and quality.  Some universities reallocated budgets to create special minority hiring funds.  Under this arrangement, academic departments could use color-blind hiring as vacancies occurred, but that separate funding would be made available from the central fund for additional raced-based hiring.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Starting in the 1980s, campuses began to adopt &amp;quot;speech codes&amp;quot; seeking to limit student speech that black students would find hurtful without a corresponding limitation on speech that majority students would find hurtful.  CRT provided a rational for limiting traditional First Amendment rights of college students and staff.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In contrast with the 1960s, when the Civil Rights Movement fought to integrate campus housing, including fraternities and sororities, CRT has promoted &amp;quot;safe spaces&amp;quot; and segregated campus housing for minority students.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first and most thorough adoption of CRT in the United States was at [[Evergreen State College]] in 2017.  Proposals were advanced for race-based hiring and promotion, and administrators tried to pressure faculty to change the grades of a black student who complained.  The students took over the library/administration building, seized the cafeteria, demanded that the President stand-down the police, while they hunted down [[Bret Weinstein]], a faculty-critic, with baseball bats.  When the administration called a town-hall meeting, the black students actively discouraged white students from attending.  The national publicity of the crisis resulted in a large drop in enrollment and donations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Religion==&lt;br /&gt;
According to the [[Alabama]]-based '''Capstone Report''', Critical race theory has made its way into some of the [[Southern Baptist Convention]]'s (SBC) seminaries.  At its 2019 Annual Meeting, messengers to the SBC narrowly passed Resolution 9, which stated that CRT (along with [[intersectionality]], another controversial construct) could be &amp;quot;useful tools&amp;quot; in interpreting modern issues (though it pointed out that any such use not impinge on [[Biblical inerrancy]] or infallibility).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In response, a [[Conservative Baptist Network]] was formed in February 2020 to battle the spread of CRT within the SBC.  It is concerned that CRT has overwhelmed the proper Baptist emphasis on evangelism and spiritual renewal.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/conservative-baptist-network-launched-amid-woke-trend-in-sbc-emphasizing-scripture-evangelism.html|date=FEBRUARY 14, 2020|title=Conservative Baptist Network launched amid 'woke' trend in SBC, emphasizing Scripture, evangelism|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Theologian [[Tim Keller]] has noted: {{quotebox|The distinctly secular theory of justice locates evil in the wrong place, he added, seeing all injustice as occurring on a human level, demonizing human being instead of recognizing evil forces — &amp;quot;the world, the flesh, the devil&amp;quot; operating in every human being (Ephesians 6:12).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/critical-theory-is-not-biblical-justice-it-locates-evil-in-the-wrong-place-tim-keller-explains.html|title=Critical theory is not biblical justice, it locates evil in the wrong place: Tim Keller explains|date=August 13, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
==Law enforcement==&lt;br /&gt;
:{{see also|Systemic racism}}&lt;br /&gt;
Under traditional theories, the goal of law enforcement was the adoption of clear rules of conduct and then enforcing those rules in a color-blind manner.  Because law enforcement officials have to make split-second decisions that could result in serious bodily harm or death, most states adopted [[qualified immunity]] statutes to protect individual law enforcement officers from liability for such injuries.  In contrast, CRT sees all events and interactions as involving race and the exercise of power to subjugate racial groups.  Accordingly, CRT justifies movements to &amp;quot;defund the police&amp;quot; and to repeal qualified immunity for law enforcement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Trump Administration==&lt;br /&gt;
On September 4, 2020, President Trump ordered federal executive branch departments to halt employee training based upon critical race theory.  Russ Vought, director of the Office of Management and Budget, wrote a memo announcing Trump's instruction to stop using controversial forms of training on “critical race theory,” “white privilege” and “any other training or propaganda effort that teaches or suggests either...that the United States is an inherently racist or evil country or...that any race or ethnicity is inherently racist or evil.”  Vought added, “These types of ‘trainings’ not only run counter to the fundamental beliefs for which our Nation has stood since its inception, but they also engender division and resentment within the Federal workforce.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-ends-critical-race-theory-training-federal-employees|title=Trump ends 'critical race theory' training for federal employees, calls it a 'sickness'|date=September 5, 2020|work=Fox News|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Vought's memo concludes:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox| The divisive, false, and demeaning propaganda of the critical race theory movement is&lt;br /&gt;
contrary to all we stand for as Americans and should have no place in the Federal government.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/M-20-34.pdf|title=MEMORANDUM FOR THE HEADS OF EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES M20-34|date=September 4, 2020|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On September 22, 2020, President Trump followed up with an Executive Order on &amp;quot;Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-combating-race-sex-stereotyping/|title=Executive Order on Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping&lt;br /&gt;
|date=September 22, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The Executive Order prohibits teaching CRT to the Uniformed Services or requiring members of the Uniformed Services from being sanctions for refusing agree with CRT.  All federal government contractors are prohibited from using CRT-based trainings.  Entities that receive federal grants are also prohibited.  The Executive Order recognizes the inconsistency between CRT and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.  The Attorney General must research how CRT could establish a hostile work environment prohibited by Title VII.&lt;br /&gt;
==Youth groups and organizations==&lt;br /&gt;
Following the death of [[George Floyd]], a nation-wide panic arose to &amp;quot;virtue signal&amp;quot; support for &amp;quot;racial justice&amp;quot; as defined through the lens of CRT.  For example, on June 15, 2020, the Boy Scouts of America Executive Committee issued a statement that redefined &amp;quot;Be Brave&amp;quot; as including being anti-racist.  {{quotebox|The Boy Scouts of America stands with Black families and the Black community because we believe that Black Lives Matter. This is not a political issue; it is a human rights issue and one we all have a duty to address.}} BSA will require each Eagle Scout to earn a new diversity and inclusion merit badge, and all BSA staff will be required to attend diversity training.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://scoutingwire.org/bsas-commitment-to-act-against-racial-injustice/|title=BSA’S COMMITMENT TO ACT AGAINST RACIAL INJUSTICE|date=June 15, 2020|accessdate=October 4, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2007, a Professor at the University of Waterloo published a research paper, &amp;quot;Ugly on the Diamonds: An Examination of White Privilege in Youth Baseball&amp;quot; which argued that there are elements of racism within the color-blind polices of the Little League.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01490400601160895?journalCode=ulsc20|first=Troy D. |last=Glover|date=January 30, 2007|title=Ugly on the Diamonds: An Examination of White Privilege in Youth Baseball}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==Psychology and psychiatry==&lt;br /&gt;
On September 1, 2020, the national professional society of caregivers responsible for the mental health of '''individuals''' in the United States, adopted a resolution calling for “true systemic change in U.S. culture” because of “institutional racism.”&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2020/09/03/psychological-association-urges-true-systemic-change-us-culture/|title=American Psychological Association Urges ‘True Systemic Change in U.S. Culture’|work=Breitbart|date=September 3, 2020|accessdate=October 4, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  It is unclear how the duty to provide care in the best interests of indivdual patients will be compromised by this new goal of fighting institutional racism or whether white patients will be treated differently that patients of color.&lt;br /&gt;
==Other professional organizations==&lt;br /&gt;
Mathematics is possibly the profession which deals with abstract truths and discovery independent of cultural factors.  Our current mathematical knowledge has its origins in Arabia, Greece, China, India among other civilizations.  Yet, in response to the Trump Administrations discussed above, the Mathematical Association of America's Committee on Minority Participation in Mathematics issued a statement on October 2, 2020:{{quotebox|Critical race theory, referenced in recent Executive statements by the President of the United States, is an established social science inquiry which is grounded in decades of scholarship. It is misguided, at best, to reduce this theory to the race-blaming of white people and to define it and the discussion of systemic racism as a “divisive concept.” Furthermore, banning training utilizing this scholarship to raise consciousness, from federal and federal contractor workplaces, is an encroachment on science and the academy.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.mathvalues.org/masterblog/anti-science-policy-censure-of-discourse-on-race-and-racism|title=ANTI-SCIENCE POLICY AND THE CENSURE OF DISCOURSE ON RACE AND RACISM|date=October 2, 2020|accessdate=Oct. 6, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}  Of course, this criticism is inapt because the Executive statements specifically allow for teaching of CRT objectively, and prohibit in race-blaming of any group, whites, blacks or other people of color or misusing stereotypes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Bibliography==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/147980276X/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl Delgado, Richard. Critical Race Theory, Third Edition. NYU Press. Kindle Edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1442216042/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl Thompson, Sherwood. Encyclopedia of Diversity and Social Justice. Rowman &amp;amp; Littlefield Publishers. Kindle Edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1634312023/ref=as_li_tl Pluckrose, Helen &amp;amp; James Lindsay, CYNICAL THEORIES: How Activist Scholarship Made Everything about Race, Gender, and Identity―and Why This Harms Everybody. Pitchstone Publishing.] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Critical legal studies]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Politically correct renaming]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[1619 Project]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://newdiscourses.com/tftw-critical-race-theory/ Social Justice Encyclopedia]&lt;br /&gt;
{{communism}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Postmodernism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Marxism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racism]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Critical_race_theory&amp;diff=1692933</id>
		<title>Critical race theory</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Critical_race_theory&amp;diff=1692933"/>
		<updated>2020-10-06T18:39:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: Other professional associations&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:White privilege.jpeg|right}250px|thumb|A [[white privilege]]d [[middle class]] female confronts an [[African American]] police officer: &amp;quot;They're part of the problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://youtu.be/1hSmeFzCkUs&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Critical race theory''' ('''CRT''') is a [[Postmodernist]] construct based on [[Critical theory]] that teaches that race is not [[genetic]].  Instead, race is a social construct and a basis for political struggles in the fight for racial justice.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Critical race theory provided the foundation for claims that the [[Founding Fathers]] are &amp;quot;[[racist]].&amp;quot;  Critical race theory was devised by Derrick Bell, [[Barack Obama]]’s favorite Harvard professor, in the early 1980s.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Fernando, Ivan (November 18, 2013). [http://diversitychronicle.wordpress.com/2013/11/18/progressive-professor-urges-white-male-students-to-commit-suicide-during-class/ &amp;quot;Progressive professor urges white male students to commit suicide during class&amp;quot;]. Diversity Chronicle website.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; CRT exemplifies [[Lenin]]’s strategy as applied to race.  According to [[Discover the Networks]]:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox-float|Critical race theory contends that America is permanently racist to its core, and that consequently the nation’s legal structures are, by definition, racist and invalid … members of “oppressed” racial groups are entitled—in fact obligated—to determine for themselves which laws and traditions have merit and are worth observing. …}}&lt;br /&gt;
Bell’s theory is in turn an innovation of [[Critical Theory]], which was developed by Marxist thinkers of the [[Frankfurt School]] in Frankfurt, Germany, in 1923. The Institute’s left-wing scholars fled Hitler’s Germany in the 1930s, relocating to [[Columbia University]] in New York. Critical Theory teaches a view that all aspects of Western society are discredited, and this view forms the foundation of what we know today as [[political correctness]]. One of its most famous purveyors was the Frankfurt School’s [[Herbert Marcuse]], longtime associate of the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]]’s [[Julian Bond]]. Marcuse invented the concept of “partisan tolerance,” that is, [[tolerance]] for leftist ideas and [[intolerance]] of all others. The Southern Poverty Law Center applied Marcuse’s strategy in developing its “Hate Watch” list, and ''[[Rules for Radicals]]'' author [[Saul Alinsky]] used it in his own life’s work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Criticism==&lt;br /&gt;
Peter M. Burfeind writes,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://thefederalist.com/2020/09/24/why-black-lives-matter-only-empowers-racist-white-leftists/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox|[[Black Lives Matter]] is the operational arm of “critical race theory,” the [[postmodern]] philosophy of “critical theory” applied to race. Critical theory suffers an inescapable [[epistemology|epistemological]] conundrum. It’s the Liar’s Paradox: If a Cretan says all Cretans are liars, is he to be believed? [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So, who came up with critical theory? You got it: white men. Or do you not recognize in [[Immanuel Kant]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]], [[Michel Foucault]], Jean Baudrillard, Ferdinand de Saussure, George Herbert Mead, [[Noam Chomsky]], Hans-Georg Gadamer, [[Roland Barthes]], and [[Jacques Derrida]], a whiteness the lilies themselves would envy. Should we not add critical theory to the list of oppressive systems dead white men came up with to advance [[white supremacy |white power]]? [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to its own terms, critical race theory must be racist. Furthermore, Black Lives Matter, the political movement based on its theories, must also be racist—and not black racism, but white racism. At a deep, subconscious level, it serves the purpose of advancing and enhancing “white privilege.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How else do you explain rich white kids screeching venom at black [[police]] officers and business owners?&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://pjmedia.com/news-and-politics/tyler-o-neil/2020/06/23/watch-white-blm-protester-calls-black-cop-n-word-in-profane-tirade-n567409&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Or how else do you explain that the theorist who’s been most empowered by critical race theory is white author Robin DiAngelo?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ruminate on the sad indisputability of this statement for a moment: Something in the [[leftist]]s’ minds needs to keep minorities from finding [[hope]] and advancing in existent American “systems.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Meanwhile, of necessity by the terms of critical race theory, the flip side of this dynamic is going on. Leftists feel the [[new world order]] will advance their wills to power. Now, at the subconscious level, leftists don’t know they’re doing this. They may reject they’re doing this — because they have [[white fragility]]. Or, more accurately, they are projecting onto others what they themselves are.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They are truly the racists, as they always have been. And here’s sort of an obvious point: They’re telling everyone this now. This is exactly what they’re currently saying: “We’re all racist.” To which I say, “Speak for yourself, but interesting what you’re saying.” [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Who do you suppose will benefit most from that new regime of [[civil rights]] law? Sounds like a nice system if you’re an upper-middle-class white leftist. That’s because it is. It’s exactly as critical race theory proposes. “Whites gonna white,” says the theory, so how can the theory itself be anything other than the latest vehicle for whites to empower themselves?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The evidence bears this out. The left has had decades of power and control of our cities, [[academia]], and [[media]]. They’ve had ample opportunities to demonstrate the wonders of their ideas. Yet all we see is the [[systemic racism|perpetuation of the very things they decry]], while they gain more and more power.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For decades, we’ve been told all the [[violence]] and ugliness spawned by leftism are merely the birth pangs of a new system. Well, how long do you leftists need to give birth? Enough already! Give us a taste of the glories of the New World in your [[Democrat urban issues|urban microcosms]]!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Or maybe, as Maya Angelou said, “When someone shows you who he is, believe him.” Leftists are outing themselves as racists complicit in perpetuating systems of oppression. Maybe we should believe them. [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Perhaps an honest appraisal of critical race theory is in order, so we can liberate ourselves from the sticky epistemological tentacles of a nonsensical theory. Unfortunately, writ into the DNA of its axioms is the deconstruction of rational dialogue — that too, you see, is just another tool of white privilege. Leftism can’t have room for questions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We could extol what is by and large a just system for the advancement of anyone who applies himself and works hard — the American system. Individuals in that system could be spending their days in hope and personal achievement using the liberties available to them in this country. Or we could have a healthy discussion about race as it relates to traditional American principles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yet instead, we’ll just have to wait for the virus of critical race theory to work its [[nihilism|nihilistic]] destruction on the black community, while whites sit on the sidelines with their shut, masked mouths, on bended knee, advancing their privilege.}}&lt;br /&gt;
==Higher Education==&lt;br /&gt;
CRT has affected higher education in a number of ways,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/bridge/CriticalTheory/critical4.htm|title=Critical Race Theory|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and many critics claimed that higher education was the breeding ground for the theory prior to its spread into general society.  CRT has been developed and spread in a large number of academic papers, with journal editors showing a preference for analysis that promotes CRT relative to other theoretical frameworks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In terms of faculty hiring, under Title VII of the Civil Rights Law of 1964, discrimination on the basis of race in hiring and promotion is illegal, however CRT adherents advocated that color-blind hiring and promotion practices must be abandoned because of the inherent &amp;quot;institutional racism&amp;quot; embedded in traditional views of academic standards and quality.  Some universities reallocated budgets to create special minority hiring funds.  Under this arrangement, academic departments could use color-blind hiring as vacancies occurred, but that separate funding would be made available from the central fund for additional raced-based hiring.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Starting in the 1980s, campuses began to adopt &amp;quot;speech codes&amp;quot; seeking to limit student speech that black students would find hurtful without a corresponding limitation on speech that majority students would find hurtful.  CRT provided a rational for limiting traditional First Amendment rights of college students and staff.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In contrast with the 1960s, when the Civil Rights Movement fought to integrate campus housing, including fraternities and sororities, CRT has promoted &amp;quot;safe spaces&amp;quot; and segregated campus housing for minority students.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first and most thorough adoption of CRT in the United States was at [[Evergreen State College]] in 2017.  Proposals were advanced for race-based hiring and promotion, and administrators tried to pressure faculty to change the grades of a black student who complained.  The students took over the library/administration building, seized the cafeteria, demanded that the President stand-down the police, while they hunted down [[Bret Weinstein]], a faculty-critic, with baseball bats.  When the administration called a town-hall meeting, the black students actively discouraged white students from attending.  The national publicity of the crisis resulted in a large drop in enrollment and donations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Religion==&lt;br /&gt;
According to the [[Alabama]]-based '''Capstone Report''', Critical race theory has made its way into some of the [[Southern Baptist Convention]]'s (SBC) seminaries.  At its 2019 Annual Meeting, messengers to the SBC narrowly passed Resolution 9, which stated that CRT (along with [[intersectionality]], another controversial construct) could be &amp;quot;useful tools&amp;quot; in interpreting modern issues (though it pointed out that any such use not impinge on [[Biblical inerrancy]] or infallibility).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In response, a [[Conservative Baptist Network]] was formed in February 2020 to battle the spread of CRT within the SBC.  It is concerned that CRT has overwhelmed the proper Baptist emphasis on evangelism and spiritual renewal.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/conservative-baptist-network-launched-amid-woke-trend-in-sbc-emphasizing-scripture-evangelism.html|date=FEBRUARY 14, 2020|title=Conservative Baptist Network launched amid 'woke' trend in SBC, emphasizing Scripture, evangelism|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Theologian [[Tim Keller]] has noted: {{quotebox|The distinctly secular theory of justice locates evil in the wrong place, he added, seeing all injustice as occurring on a human level, demonizing human being instead of recognizing evil forces — &amp;quot;the world, the flesh, the devil&amp;quot; operating in every human being (Ephesians 6:12).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/critical-theory-is-not-biblical-justice-it-locates-evil-in-the-wrong-place-tim-keller-explains.html|title=Critical theory is not biblical justice, it locates evil in the wrong place: Tim Keller explains|date=August 13, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
==Law enforcement==&lt;br /&gt;
:{{see also|Systemic racism}}&lt;br /&gt;
Under traditional theories, the goal of law enforcement was the adoption of clear rules of conduct and then enforcing those rules in a color-blind manner.  Because law enforcement officials have to make split-second decisions that could result in serious bodily harm or death, most states adopted [[qualified immunity]] statutes to protect individual law enforcement officers from liability for such injuries.  In contrast, CRT sees all events and interactions as involving race and the exercise of power to subjugate racial groups.  Accordingly, CRT justifies movements to &amp;quot;defund the police&amp;quot; and to repeal qualified immunity for law enforcement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Trump Administration==&lt;br /&gt;
On September 4, 2020, President Trump ordered federal executive branch departments to halt employee training based upon critical race theory.  Russ Vought, director of the Office of Management and Budget, wrote a memo announcing Trump's instruction to stop using controversial forms of training on “critical race theory,” “white privilege” and “any other training or propaganda effort that teaches or suggests either...that the United States is an inherently racist or evil country or...that any race or ethnicity is inherently racist or evil.”  Vought added, “These types of ‘trainings’ not only run counter to the fundamental beliefs for which our Nation has stood since its inception, but they also engender division and resentment within the Federal workforce.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-ends-critical-race-theory-training-federal-employees|title=Trump ends 'critical race theory' training for federal employees, calls it a 'sickness'|date=September 5, 2020|work=Fox News|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Vought's memo concludes:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox| The divisive, false, and demeaning propaganda of the critical race theory movement is&lt;br /&gt;
contrary to all we stand for as Americans and should have no place in the Federal government.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/M-20-34.pdf|title=MEMORANDUM FOR THE HEADS OF EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES M20-34|date=September 4, 2020|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On September 22, 2020, President Trump followed up with an Executive Order on &amp;quot;Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-combating-race-sex-stereotyping/|title=Executive Order on Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping&lt;br /&gt;
|date=September 22, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The Executive Order prohibits teaching CRT to the Uniformed Services or requiring members of the Uniformed Services from being sanctions for refusing agree with CRT.  All federal government contractors are prohibited from using CRT-based trainings.  Entities that receive federal grants are also prohibited.  The Executive Order recognizes the inconsistency between CRT and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.  The Attorney General must research how CRT could establish a hostile work environment prohibited by Title VII.&lt;br /&gt;
==Youth groups and organizations==&lt;br /&gt;
Following the death of [[George Floyd]], a nation-wide panic arose to &amp;quot;virtue signal&amp;quot; support for &amp;quot;racial justice&amp;quot; as defined through the lens of CRT.  For example, on June 15, 2020, the Boy Scouts of America Executive Committee issued a statement that redefined &amp;quot;Be Brave&amp;quot; as including being anti-racist.  {{quotebox|The Boy Scouts of America stands with Black families and the Black community because we believe that Black Lives Matter. This is not a political issue; it is a human rights issue and one we all have a duty to address.}} BSA will require each Eagle Scout to earn a new diversity and inclusion merit badge, and all BSA staff will be required to attend diversity training.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://scoutingwire.org/bsas-commitment-to-act-against-racial-injustice/|title=BSA’S COMMITMENT TO ACT AGAINST RACIAL INJUSTICE|date=June 15, 2020|accessdate=October 4, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2007, a Professor at the University of Waterloo published a research paper, &amp;quot;Ugly on the Diamonds: An Examination of White Privilege in Youth Baseball&amp;quot; which argued that there are elements of racism within the color-blind polices of the Little League.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01490400601160895?journalCode=ulsc20|first=Troy D. |last=Glover|date=January 30, 2007|title=Ugly on the Diamonds: An Examination of White Privilege in Youth Baseball}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==Psychology and psychiatry==&lt;br /&gt;
On September 1, 2020, the national professional society of caregivers responsible for the mental health of '''individuals''' in the United States, adopted a resolution calling for “true systemic change in U.S. culture” because of “institutional racism.”&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2020/09/03/psychological-association-urges-true-systemic-change-us-culture/|title=American Psychological Association Urges ‘True Systemic Change in U.S. Culture’|work=Breitbart|date=September 3, 2020|accessdate=October 4, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  It is unclear how the duty to provide care in the best interests of indivdual patients will be compromised by this new goal of fighting institutional racism or whether white patients will be treated differently that patients of color.&lt;br /&gt;
==Other professional organizations==&lt;br /&gt;
Mathematics is possibly the profession which deals with abstract truths and discovery independent of cultural factors.  Our current mathematical knowledge has its origins in Arabia, Greece, China, India among other civilizations.  Yet, in response to the Trump Administrations discussed above, the Mathematical Association of America's Committee on Minority Participation in Mathematics issuede a statement on October 2, 2020:{{quotebox|Critical race theory, referenced in recent Executive statements by the President of the United States, is an established social science inquiry which is grounded in decades of scholarship. It is misguided, at best, to reduce this theory to the race-blaming of white people and to define it and the discussion of systemic racism as a “divisive concept.” Furthermore, banning training utilizing this scholarship to raise consciousness, from federal and federal contractor workplaces, is an encroachment on science and the academy.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.mathvalues.org/masterblog/anti-science-policy-censure-of-discourse-on-race-and-racism|title=ANTI-SCIENCE POLICY AND THE CENSURE OF DISCOURSE ON RACE AND RACISM|date=October 2, 2020|accessdate=Oct. 6, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}  Of course, this criticism is inapt because the Executive statements specifically allow for teaching of CRT objectively, and prohibit in race-blaming of any group, whites, blacks or other people of color or misusing stereotypes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Bibliography==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/147980276X/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl Delgado, Richard. Critical Race Theory, Third Edition. NYU Press. Kindle Edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1442216042/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl Thompson, Sherwood. Encyclopedia of Diversity and Social Justice. Rowman &amp;amp; Littlefield Publishers. Kindle Edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1634312023/ref=as_li_tl Pluckrose, Helen &amp;amp; James Lindsay, CYNICAL THEORIES: How Activist Scholarship Made Everything about Race, Gender, and Identity―and Why This Harms Everybody. Pitchstone Publishing.] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Critical legal studies]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Politically correct renaming]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[1619 Project]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://newdiscourses.com/tftw-critical-race-theory/ Social Justice Encyclopedia]&lt;br /&gt;
{{communism}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Postmodernism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Marxism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racism]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Black_history&amp;diff=1692554</id>
		<title>Black history</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Black_history&amp;diff=1692554"/>
		<updated>2020-10-05T03:37:26Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: /* Civil War */ Emancipation Proclamation only applied to rebel states&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Black history''' or '''African-American history''' is the history of the American population of black African descent, from the colonial period to the present. It was a narrow specialty until the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s made it a high priority for historical research and teaching. It is now one of the largest fields of American history.  The history is one of struggle against slavery, segregation, racism and second class citizenship.   Historians debate whether to emphasize radical protest, as typified by [[W.E.B. DuBois]], or upward striving through the system, as preached by [[Booker T. Washington]]. The 2008 election of [[Barack Obama]] as president has been hailed as the culmination of the black struggle for political equality.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Colonial era==&lt;br /&gt;
''see also [[Slavery]]''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Africans first arrived in 1619, when a Dutch ship sold 19 blacks as indentured servants (not slaves) to Englishmen at Jamestown, Virginia. In all, about 10-12 million Africans were transported to Western Hemisphere. The vast majority of these people came from that stretch of the West African coast extending from present-day Senegal to Angola; a small percentage came from Madagascar and East Africa. Only 3% (about 300,000) went to the American colonies. The vast majority went to the West Indies, where they died quickly. Demographic conditions were highly favorable in the American colonies, with less disease, more food, good medical care, and lighter work loads. Coming as they did from such an extensive area in Africa, they were not of one physical or cultural type. Significant differences existed among them, but they shared a general set of characteristics. They were tall and had dark skin, tight woolly hair, full lips, broad noses, and limited facial and body hair. Gomez (1998) suggests that Africans, upon arriving in America, were dispersed along ethnic and cultural lines. While they eventually dropped their African ethnic identities, they retained some of their original cultures. For example, runaway-slave advertisements sometimes identified the slaves by their ethnic roots (&amp;quot;Dinah, an Ebo wench that speaks very good English&amp;quot;). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Historians have disagreed as to whether slavery in colonial Virginia was made politically and psychologically acceptable by an inherent racism among white Europeans, or if slavery emerged as a result of economic factors and racism developed as a consequence of it.  The consensus is that the enslavement of Africans was due to economic requirements for labor, to the inability of Africans to resist slavery, and to European beliefs that Africans were an inferior branch of humanity, suited by their characteristics and circumstances to be lifelong slaves. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At first the Africans in the South were outnumbered by white indentured servants, who came voluntarily from Britain. They avoided the plantations. With the vast amount of good land and the shortage of laborers,  plantation owners turned to lifetime slaves who worked for their keep but were not paid wages and could not easily escape. Slaves had some legal rights (it was a crime to kill a slave, and whites were hung for it.) Generally the slaves developed their own family system, religion and customs in the slave quarters with little interference from owners, who were only interested in work outputs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By 1700 there were 25,000 slaves in the American colonies, about 10% of the population. A few had come from Africa but most came from the West Indies (especially Barbados), or, increasingly, were native born. Their legal status was now clear: they were slaves for life and so were the children of slave mothers. They could be sold, or freed, and a few ran away. Slowly a free black population emerged, concentrated in port cities along the Atlantic coast from Charleston to Boston. Slaves in the cities and towns had many more privileges, but the great majority of slaves lived on southern tobacco or rice plantations, usually in groups of 20 or more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The most serious slave rebellion was the Stono Uprising, in September 1739 in South Carolina. The colony had about 56,000 slaves, who outnumbered whites 2:1. About 150 slaves rose up, and seizing guns and ammunition, murdered twenty whites, and headed for Spanish Florida. The local militia soon intercepted and killed most of them.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Wood (1974)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All the American colonies had slavery, but it was usually the form of personal servants in the North (where 2% of the people were slaves), and field hands in plantations in the South (where 25% were slaves.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Revolution and early republic: 1775-1840==&lt;br /&gt;
The Declaration of Independence of 1776 said that all men are born free. Acting on that principle, all the northern states abolished slavery between 1776 and 1805—these were the first places in the world where the government abolished slavery. (Britain abolished slavery in the 1830s.) However, with the cotton gin in the 1790s, slavery became highly profitable in the South and was not abolished. Indeed, it expanded rapidly due to demographic growth. In 1808 it became illegal to buy or sell slaves from abroad, but inside the U.S. South the trade was legal and flourished.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By 1800 most slaves had become Christians. However few followed the Episcopal or Presbyterian affiliations of most masters; rather by the 1830s most had become Baptists or Methodists, but with a distinctive difference.  Genovese (1974) identified the key features of the black version of Christianity as its raucous emotionalism, an absence of a sense of original sin or depravity, an emphasis on the role of Moses (who at times rivaled in importance Jesus), and an uneasy commingling with magic and conjuring. Genovese argued religion was increasingly central to the lives and self-identity of the slaves. &amp;quot;The religion practiced in the quarters gave the slaves the one thing they absolutely had to have if they were to resist. . . . It fired them with a sense of their own worth before God and man.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Eugene Genovese, ''Roll Jordan Roll'' (1974) p. 283&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Free blacks===&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Freddouglas.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Frederick Douglass (1818-1895). A monument to Douglass in Rochester, New York was torn down by [[Progressive]] [[Democrat]]s during the 2020 Marxist uprising.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://saraacarter.com/statue-of-frederick-douglass-former-slave-and-abolitionist-torn-down-and-damaged-in-new-york/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
The free black population in the South grew rapidly during 1771–1815, from 28,000 in 1790 to 186,000 in 1860 in the South Atlantic states alone. Before the American Revolution the increase in the free black population was due mainly to local emancipations, natural population increase, and migration from rural areas. During and after the Revolution, however, there were additional ways to become free, including petitions and lawsuits, the 1782 manumission act, self-purchase, purchase by already free blacks, and individual emancipation. Fear of free blacks in an age of black revolts, however, prompted whites to impose restrictions on manumission and migration and ultimately to revert to the colonial-era policy of expelling free blacks from Virginia.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Michael L. Nicholls, &amp;quot;Strangers Setting Among Us: The Sources and Challenge of the Urban Free Black Population of Early Virginia&amp;quot;. ''Virginia Magazine of History and Biography'' 2000 108(2): 155-179. 0042-6636 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/4249829  in JSTOR]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Formal laws and informal customs created innumerable obstacles to the socioeconomic advance of the free blacks in the South. Laws prohibited free blacks from some activities and occupations and restricted their participation in others. Racism and terrorism by whites also made advancement difficult. Despite these disadvantages, the free black population fared rather well, with much better nutrition than people back in Europe or Africa.  They grew nearly as tall as white Americans and towered over contemporary Europeans.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Howard. Bodenhorn, &amp;quot;A Troublesome Caste: Height and Nutrition of Antebellum Virginia's Rural Free Blacks.&amp;quot; ''Journal of Economic History'' 1999 59(4): 972-996. 0022-0507 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2566684  in JSTOR]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Frederick Douglass]] born as Frederick Baily, was raised as a [[slave]].  He escaped to [[Massachusetts]] at age 20 and changed his name to Frederick Douglass in order to conceal himself from slave catchers. He was a member of the [[Republican Party]].  He developed marvelous [[debate|debating]] and oratory skills to expose the injustices of slavery by reading the book [[The Columbian Orator]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=HnAktoctDuIC&amp;amp;pg=PA49 Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass],p. 49, &amp;quot;Every opportunity I got, I used to read this book.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; which he started to read around age 12. [[William Lloyd Garrison]], publisher of the [[abolition]]ist Liberator Newspaper, hired him.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
see also [[Slavery]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Age of abolition, 1840-1877==&lt;br /&gt;
===1840-1860===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Quakers, as well as Evangelical churches in the U.S. and Britain, led the battle for abolition of slavery. The abolition movement in the U.S. was highly visible and extremely controversial, but it was never large—with fewer than 50,000 activists at most, about half of them free blacks living in the North.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Over 1 million slaves were moved from the older seaboard slave states, with their declining economies to the rich cotton states of the southwest; many others were sold and moved locally.  Berlin (2003) argues that this &amp;quot;Second Middle Passage&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
:shredded the planters' paternalist pretenses in the eyes of black people and prodded slaves and free people of color to create a host of oppositional ideologies and institutions that better accounted for the realities of endless deportations, expulsions and flights that continually remade their world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Civil War===&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Racist Democrats.jpeg|right|350px|thumb|[[Leftwing]] [[fascist]]s defaced the Monument to the all-volunteer Black 54th Massachusetts Regiment of Union Soldiers in the [[Civil War]] during the [[2020 Marxist uprising]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2020/06/02/rioters-deface-glory-monument-to-black-civil-war-soldiers-boston-54th/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
:{{See also|American Civil War homefront}}&lt;br /&gt;
The political and constitutional debate among whites led to the secession of the Deep South and to the Civil War in 1861. The new Republican Party saw slavery as an evil that had to be eventually put on the road to extinction.  In the war, however, abolition became a tool to Union victory, as strategized by [[Abraham Lincoln]]. The point was that slavery was a main prop of the rebellion, and to win the war it had to be eliminated. Emancipation would have the effect of energizing Confederates who feared a race war, but it would also energize Northerners who saw it as a moral cause, and would help keep Europe from supporting the rebels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At the beginning of the war some Union commanders thought they were supposed to return escaped slaves to their masters. By 1862, when it became clear that this would be a long war, the question of what to do about slavery became more general. The Southern economy and military effort depended on slave labor. It began to seem unreasonable to protect slavery while blockading Southern commerce and destroying Southern production. As one Congressman put it, the slaves &amp;quot;cannot be neutral. As laborers, if not as soldiers, they will be allies of the rebels, or of the Union.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;James MacPherson, ''Battle Cry of Freedom'' (1988) page 495&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The same Congressman—and his fellow Radical Republicans—put pressure on Lincoln to rapidly emancipate the slaves, whereas Conservative Republicans came to accept gradual, compensated emancipation and colonization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1861 Lincoln expressed the fear that premature attempts at emancipation would mean the loss of the border states, and that &amp;quot;to lose Kentucky is nearly the same as to lose the whole game.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Lincoln's letter to O. H. Browning, Sep 22, 1861&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; At first Lincoln reversed attempts at emancipation by Secretary of War Simon Cameron and Generals [[John C. Fremont]] (in Missouri) and David Hunter (in the South Carolina Sea Islands) in order to keep the loyalty of the border states and the War Democrats. Lincoln then tried to persuade the border states to accept his plan of gradual, compensated emancipation and voluntary colonization, while warning them that stronger measures would be needed if the moderate approach was rejected. Only the District of Columbia accepted Lincoln's gradual plan, and Lincoln issued his final Emancipation Proclamation on January 1 of 1863. In his letter to Hodges, Lincoln explained his belief that &amp;quot;If slavery is not wrong, nothing is wrong … And yet I have never understood that the Presidency conferred upon me an unrestricted right to act officially upon this judgment and feeling ... I claim not to have controlled events, but confess plainly that events have controlled me.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Lincoln's Letter to A. G. Hodges, April 4, 1864&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Emancipation Proclamation, announced in September 1862 and The [[Radical Republican]] put intense political pressure on Lincoln to use emancipation as a weapon. The problem was that he needed first to shore up pro-Union support in key border states, especially Kentucky. Only after it was safe could he act, and then he needed a military victory first. Lincoln thrilled the anti-slavery forces by announcing the Emancipation Proclamation in September 1862; the official proclamation came on January 1, 1863, and it had the effect of freeing most of the 4 million slaves in the rebel states. It also greatly reduced the Confederacy's hope of getting aid from Britain or France. Lincoln's moderate approach succeeded in getting border states, War Democrats and emancipated slaves fighting on the same side for the Union.  Because of delays in communication and in the Union Army reaching Texas, slavery in [[Texas]] did not end until June 19, 1865.  However, slavery in the border states continued.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====Border states====&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Artoon.jpg|right|200px|thumb|A political cartoon depicting the [[KKK]] and the [[Democrat Party]] as continuations of the [[Confederacy]].]]&lt;br /&gt;
The Union-controlled border states (Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, Delaware and West Virginia) were not covered by the Emancipation Proclamation. All abolished slavery on their own, except Kentucky. The great majority of the 4 million slaves were freed by the Emancipation Proclamation, as Union armies moved South. To handle this problem Lincoln proposed the a constitutional amendment. The 13th Amendment, passed by Congress in February 1865 and ratified by the states in December 1865, finally freed the remaining 40,000 slaves in Kentucky.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;It also freed 1,000 or so slaves in Delaware and some lifetime servants in West Virginia, as well as black slaves owned by Indians in Oklahoma.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Reconstruction===&lt;br /&gt;
:{{See also|Reconstruction}}&lt;br /&gt;
Across [[the South]] Republican parties were formed by African Americans. Black people were the original Republicans in the South. &lt;br /&gt;
The Republican Party in [[Texas]] was founded on the 4th of July 1867 in [[Houston, Texas]] by 150 African Americans and 20 whites.  Two of the first three statewide Republican chairman were African American.  The first 42 Black legislators elected in Texas were all Republican. &lt;br /&gt;
The first 112 Black legislators elected in [[Mississippi]] were all Republican. The first 190 Black legislators elected in [[South Carolina]] were all Republicans. The first 41 Black legislators in [[Georgia]] were Republicans.  The first 127 Black legislators in [[Louisiana]] were Republicans.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1866 [[Democrat]]s formed the [[Ku Klux Klan]]. Its purpose was to take control and return Democrats to power.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Age of Jim Crow, 1877-1954==&lt;br /&gt;
:{{See also|Jim Crow}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Booker T. Washington]] (1856-1915) was the dominant political and educational leader of the African-American community 1890–1915.  He is most famous for his inspiring autobiography, ''Up from Slavery,'' his leadership of black conservative business and religious leaders, his founding of Tuskeegee Institute as a college for technical training, and his emphasis on self-help and education as the cure for poverty and the second class status of blacks in America.  In his &amp;quot;Atlanta Compromise&amp;quot; of 1895 Washington reluctantly accepted Jim Crow, segregation and disfranchisement in return for black freedom in economic, religious and cultural affairs. Washington was highly popular among top white leaders and most blacks, but his approach was attacked after 1909 as too conservative by [[W.E.B. DuBois]] and the [[NAACP]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The most dramatic demographic change came after 1940, as most backs left the rural South—some for nearby southern cities, and most headed to large cities in the North and West. In the decade of the 1940s 1.6 million left the South; in the 1950s, 1.5 million, and in the 1960s 1.4 million.  By 1970 there were very few back farmers left. Politically it was a movement from a white dominated rural South where few blacks could vote or speak out, to a pluralistic political environment where northern central cities were controlled by liberals and their allies in the labor unions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Age of Civil Rights, 1954 to present==&lt;br /&gt;
:{{See also|Black Americans, history and religion}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Nixon-and-Martin-Luther-King.png|right|300px|thumb|Dr. King's meeting with Vice President Nixon  marked national recognition of King as leader of the civil rights movement.]]&lt;br /&gt;
In 1955 blacks in Montgomery, Alabama undertook a boycott of the segregated city buses and chose a local pastor [[Martin Luther King]] as their leader, and [[Rosa Parks]] as a symbolic actor. Drawing on [[Gandhi]]'s teachings, King directed a nonviolent boycott designed both to end an injustice and to redeem his white adversaries through love. Love, he said, not only avoided the internal violence of the spirit but also severed the external chain of hatred that only produced more hatred. Somebody, he argued, must be willing to break this chain so that &amp;quot;the beloved community&amp;quot; could be restored and true brotherhood could begin. In November 1956, the boycotters had won a resounding moral victory when the United States Supreme Court nullified the Alabama laws that enforced segregated buses.  The Montgomery protest captured the imagination of the world over and marked the beginning of a southern black [[civil rights movement]] that rocked the Jim Crow South to its foundations. King, with extraordinary oratorical powers and rich religious imagery, emerged as the most inspiring new moral voice in civil rights.  In August 1957 King and 115 other black leaders met in Montgomery and formed the [[Southern Christian Leadership Conference]] (SCLC), with King as leader.  Working through southern churches, the SCLC enlisted the religious black community in the freedom struggle by expanding &amp;quot;the Montgomery way&amp;quot; across the South. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vice President [[Richard Nixon]] invited King to Washington, D.C., for a meeting on 13 June 1957. This meeting, described by [[Bayard Rustin]] as a “summit conference,” marked national recognition of King's role in the civil rights movement (Rustin, 13 June 1957). Seeking support for a voter registration initiative in the South, King appealed to Nixon to urge Republicans in Congress to pass the 1957 Civil Rights Act and to visit [[the South]] to express support for civil rights. Optimistic about Nixon's commitment to improving race relations in the United States, King told Nixon, “How deeply grateful all people of goodwill are to you for your assiduous labor and dauntless courage in seeking to make the civil rights bill a reality.” Sen. [[John Kennedy]] voted against the 1957 Civil Rights Act, which created the [[Justice Department]]'s Civil Rights Division.&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:John Kennedy texas.png|left|300px|thumb|John Kennedy was elected using the same Southern Strategy FDR did by putting a Texan on the ticket.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23535517?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents John F. Kennedy's Southern Strategy, 1956-1960], Guy Paul Land, ''The North Carolina Historical Review'', Vol. 56, No. 1 (January, 1979), pp. 41-63.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
In 1960 southern black college and high school students launched the sit-in movement, forming the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Through 1961 and 1962 civil rights leaders pressured the [[John F. Kennedy]] administration to support a tough civil rights bill, seeking a sort of second Emancipation Proclamation that would employ federal power to wipe out segregation just as Lincoln's 1863 decree had abolished slavery. Kennedy, basically conservative and unwilling to offend his base of Southern white voters, refused to act.  Civil rights groups thereupon launched multiple mass demonstrations throughout the South. King and the SCLC staff would single out some notoriously segregated city with officials who tolerated violence; mobilize the local blacks with songs, Bible readings, and rousing oratory; and then lead them on protest marches conspicuous for their nonviolent spirit and moral purpose. Then the marchers escalated their demands—even fill up the jails—until they brought about a moment of &amp;quot;creative tension,&amp;quot; when white authorities would either agree to negotiate or resort to violence. If violence broke out it would humiliate the moderate whites and redouble national pressures from church and activists for federal intervention. So far there was no violence on the part of blacks, but they were growing more and more frustrated and angry, with militants like [[Malcolm X]] calling for more extreme measures.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Robert Terrill, &amp;quot;Protest, Prophecy, and Prudence in the Rhetoric of Malcolm X,&amp;quot; ''Rhetoric &amp;amp; Public Affairs'' 4#1 Spring 2001, pp. 25-53 in [[Project Muse]]; Akinyele O. Umoja, &amp;quot;The Ballot and the Bullet,&amp;quot; ''Journal of Black Studies'' 29 (1999): 558-79; Sean Dennis Cashman, ''African-Americans and the Quest for Civil Rights, 1900-1990'' (1991), 184-215.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nonviolent confrontation failed politically in Albany, Georgia, in 1962, where white authorities were equally nonviolent. In 1963 it succeeded in Birmingham, Alabama, where Police Commissioner Eugene (&amp;quot;Bull&amp;quot;) Connor turned &lt;br /&gt;
fire-hoses and police dogs on the marchers—in full view of reporters and television cameras. The civil rights activists thus exposed racist hatred to the scorn of national and world opinion. Jailed during the demonstrations, King wrote his classic &amp;quot;Letter from Birmingham Jail,&amp;quot; the most influential and eloquent expression of the goals and philosophy of the civil rights movement.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Edward I. Berry, &amp;quot;Doing Time: King's 'Letter from Birmingham Jail.&amp;quot; ''Rhetoric &amp;amp; Public Affairs'' 9#1 Spring 2005, pp. 109-131 in [[Project Muse]]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; King's great speech, &amp;quot;I Have a Dream&amp;quot; during the March on Washington, August 28, 1963, galvanized the movement, putting forth a goal of an integrated color-blind society.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Mark Vail, &amp;quot;The 'Integrative' Rhetoric of Martin Luther King Jr.'s 'I Have a Dream' Speech,&amp;quot; ''Rhetoric &amp;amp; Public Affairs'' 9#1 Spring 2006, pp. 51-78 in [[Project Muse]]; Alexandra Alverez, &amp;quot;Martin Luther King's 'I Have a Dream': The Speech Event as Metaphor,&amp;quot; ''Journal of Black Studies'' 3 (1998):337–57&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; President [[Lyndon Johnson]], a long-time supporter of civil rights, had replaced Kennedy and he seized the moment to mobilize a majority coalition of northern Democrats, Republicans, white churches, and white labor unions to break a Democrat filibuster and pass 1964 [[Civil Rights Act]], which desegregated public facilities. Overnight Jim Crow vanished, with little protest or violence.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
However, within days of the passage of the powerful new law, rioting broke out in black ghettos, as the civil rights leadership discovered it could not control the angry masses.  Nor could it control the radical students in SNCC and like-minded groups who were moving rapidly to the left, rejecting alliances with whites, discarding the goal of integration and demanding instead black separatism and &amp;quot;Black Power.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Akinyele O. Umoja, &amp;quot;1964: The Beginning of the End of Nonviolence in the Mississippi Freedom Movement,&amp;quot; ''Radical History Review'', Jan 2003; 2003: 201 - 226. online in Duke journals&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Brown vs. Board of Education===&lt;br /&gt;
:{{See also|Brown vs. Board of Education}}&lt;br /&gt;
President Dwight Eisenhower appointed Republican California Governor [[Earl Warren]] as [[Chief Justice]] of the Supreme Court.  All the other members had been appointed by Roosevelt and Truman who believed courts should defer to the policymaking prerogatives of the White House and Congress. Warren convened a meeting of the justices and presented to them the simple argument that the only reason to sustain segregation was a deep-rooted belief in the inferiority of African-Americans. In ''[[Brown v. Topeka Board of Education]]'', [[Thurgood Marshall]], later appointed to the Supreme Court, argued  the case. Justice Warren produced a unanimous decision that said: {{quotebox|&amp;quot;Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law, for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the Negro group…Any language in contrary to this finding is rejected. We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Southern Manifesto===&lt;br /&gt;
:{{Main article|Southern Manifesto}}&lt;br /&gt;
The Southern Manifesto was a document issued in response to the Supreme Court 1954 ruling ''[[Brown v. Board of Education]]'', which integrated public schools. It was signed by 101 members of Congress from the former Confederate States - 99 Democrats and 2 Republicans. John Sparkman the 1952 Vice Presidential candidate as part of the Democrat's Southern Strategy, [[J. William Fulbright]]  mentor of Bill Clinton, Richard Russell of the [[Warren Commission]], [[Sam Ervin]] of the [[Watergate]] Committee, [[Hale Boggs]] (the father of [[NPR]]'s Cokie Roberts), and Wilbur Mills were all signatories. It reads in part: {{quotebox|&amp;quot;This unwarranted exercise of power by the Court, contrary to the Constitution, is creating chaos and confusion in the States principally affected. It is destroying the amicable relations between the white and Negro races that have been created through 90 years of patient effort by the good people of both races. It has planted hatred and suspicion where there has been heretofore friendship and understanding....We commend the motives of those States which have declared the intention to resist forced integration by any lawful means.&amp;quot;}} [[File:Little Rock Nine.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Republican President Dwight Eisenhower called out the 101st Airborne to protect Black school children from Democrat protesters after a Democrat governor refused to implement a desegregation order written by the Republican Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.]]&lt;br /&gt;
One of the first challenges to ''Brown v. Board of Education'' was when Democrat Gov. [[Orval Faubus]] ordered the Arkansas National Guard to prevent African-American students from enrolling at [[Little Rock]] Central High School. Central High was an all-white school. Faubus  ordered the troops to &amp;quot;accomplish the mission of maintaining or restoring law and order and to preserve the peace, health, safety and security of the citizens.&amp;quot; A force of 289 soldiers was assembled. The commander told nine black students, 6 girls and 3 boys ages 15–17 years old who were attempting to enter the school, to return home. The standoff continued for three weeks. Little Rock Democrat mayor Woodrow Wilson Mann appealed to President Eisenhower to help end the deadlock. Eisenhower sent the [[101st Airborne Division]] to federalized the entire 10,000-member Arkansas National Guard. The students were allowed to enroll. &lt;br /&gt;
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Faubus was re-elected in 1958 with 82.5% of the vote over a Republican challenger. Faubus ordered the closure of four public high schools that year, preventing both black and white students from attending school while seeking a two and a half year delay on de-segregation until January 1961 in Federal Court when there would be a possibility of a Democratic president.&lt;br /&gt;
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===1957 Civil Rights Act===&lt;br /&gt;
Republican Attorney General Herbert Brownell originally proposed the [[Civil Rights Act of 1957]]. Democrat Majority Leader Lyndon Johnson had Judiciary chairman Sen. [[James Eastland]] drastically water-down the House version, removing stringent voting protection clauses.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1951-2000/The-Civil-Rights-Act-of-1957/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Caro, Robert, ''Master of the Senate: The Years of Lyndon Johnson'', Chapter 39&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The bill passed 285–126 in the House with Republicans providing the majority of votes 167–19 and Democrats 118–107.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;HR 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957. PASSED. YEA SUPPORTS PRESIDENT'S POSITION. https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/h42&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; It then passed 72–18 in the Senate, with Republicans again supplying the majority of votes, 43–0 and Democrats voting 29–18. Sen. John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts, who later ran for president, voted against it.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;HR. 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957. PASSED. https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/s75&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; It was the first federal civil rights legislation passed by the United States Congress since the Republicans passed the Civil Rights Act of 1875. Johnson told Sen. Richard Russell,{{quotebox|&amp;quot;These Negroes, they're getting pretty [[uppity]] these days and that's a problem for us since they've got something now they never had before, the political pull to back up their uppityness. Now we've got to do something about this, we've got to give them a little something, just enough to quiet them down, not enough to make a difference. For if we don't move at all, then their allies will line up against us and there'll be no way of stopping them, we'll lose the filibuster and there'll be no way of putting a brake on all sorts of wild legislation. It'll be Reconstruction all over again.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Said to Senator Richard Russell, Jr. (D-GA) regarding the Civil Rights Act of 1957. As quoted in [http://books.google.com/books?id=HS9aAAAAYAAJ ''Lyndon Johnson and the American Dream''] (1977), by Doris Kearns Goodwin, New York: New American Library, p. 155.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
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===1963 March on Washington===&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Big Six.jpeg|right|250px|thumb|The &amp;quot;Big Six&amp;quot; Civil Rights Leaders (l to r) [[John Lewis]], Whitney Young Jr., A. Philip Randolph, [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]], James Farmer Jr., and Roy Wilkins.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.thoughtco.com/men-of-the-civil-rights-movement-45371&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Malcolm X]] described the events leading up to the 1963 March on Washington and Dr. King's ''I Have a Dream'' speech:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox|It was the [[grassroots|grass roots]] out there in the street. It scared the white man to death, scared the white power structure in Washington, D.C. to death. I was there. When they found that this black steamroller was going to come down on the capital, they called in [Roy] Wilkins, they called in [A. Philip] Randolph, they called in these national Negro leaders that you respect and told them, ‘Call it off.’ [President] Kennedy said, ‘Look, you all are letting this thing go too far.’ And Old Tom said, ‘Boss, I can’t stop it, because I didn’t start it.’ I’m telling you what they said. They said, ‘I’m not even in it, much less at the head of it.’ They said, ‘These Negroes are doing things on their own. They’re running ahead of us.’ And that old shrewd fox, he said, ‘If you all aren’t in it, I’ll put you in it. I’ll put you at the head of it. I’ll endorse it. I’ll welcome it. I’ll help it. I’ll join it.’…&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Once they formed (the Council for United Civil Rights Leadership) with the white man over it, he promised them and gave them $800,000 to split up among the Big Six; and told them that after the march was over they’d give them $700,000 more. A million and a half dollars—split up between leaders that you have been following, going to jail for, crying crocodile tears for. And they’re nothing but Frank James and Jesse James and the what-do-you-call-’em brothers.&lt;br /&gt;
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As soon as they got the setup organized, the white man made available to them top public-relations experts; opened the news media across the country at their disposal, which then began to project these Big Six as the leaders of the march. Originally they weren’t even in the march.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/socialistvoice/democrats20.html Democratic Party: Disaster for Blacks], by Sy Landy, ''Socialist Voice No. 20 (Winter 1984)''.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1964 Civil Rights Act===&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Partycivilrights.jpeg|right|200px|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
The Republicans passed civil rights legislation with the [[13th Amendment]], [[14th Amendment]], [[15th Amendment]], [[Emancipation Proclamation]], the Civil Rights Act of 1875, and first passed anti-lynching legislation in 1922, which Democrats killed by [[filibuster]]s.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.nationalreview.com/2012/05/party-civil-rights-kevin-d-williamson/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The [[Democratic party]]'s gradual reversal on civil rights culminated with President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] finally signing the [[bi-partisan]] [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]], which he called &amp;quot;the N****r Bill.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/lyndon-johnson-civil-rights-racism&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In lobbying fellow Democrats  for the bill, Johnson said, {{quotebox|&amp;quot;I'll have them n*gg*rs voting Democratic for two hundred years.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Said to two governors regarding the Civil Rights Act of 1964, according to then-''Air Force One'' steward Robert MacMillan as quoted in [http://books.google.com/books?id=lJz-yIZNE2sC ''Inside the White House''] (1996), by Ronald Kessler, New York: Simon and Schuster, p. 33.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}} Democrats tried to block passage by filibustering for 75 hours, including a 14-hour and 13-minute speech by the [[Exalted Cyclops]], Sen. [[Robert Byrd]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Sen. Theodore Bilbo, whom Byrd swore his Klan oath to, said in 1949 on ''Meet the Press'', &amp;quot;Once a Ku Klux, always a Ku Klux.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; who later became Senate Democrat Leader in the Reagan era. The filibuster failed when the Senate invoked cloture for only the second time since 1927.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Civil_Rights_Filibuster_Ended.htm|title=Civil Rights Filibuster Ended |work=Art &amp;amp; History Historical Minutes|publisher=United States Senate|accessdate=}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The law was intended to block Republican gains in the South followed by buying off Blacks with [[Great Society]] [[welfare]] and [[affirmative action]] programs. According to LBJ biographer Robert Caro, Johnson told his chauffeur: {{Quotebox|&amp;quot;Let me tell you one thing, n*gg*r. As long as you are black, and you’re gonna be black till the day you die, no one’s gonna call you by your g*dd*mn name. So no matter what you are called, n*gg*r, you just let it roll off your back like water, and you’ll make it. Just pretend you’re a g*dd*mn piece of furniture.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://slate.com/culture/2002/05/lbj-s-alleged-compassion.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Democratic voter suppression.jpg|left|250px|thumb|Democratic party [[voter suppression]], 1963.]] &lt;br /&gt;
African-Americans formed an anomalous coalition with low-income white Democrat racists who were dependent on New Deal and Great Society [[welfare]] programs.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Chicago 1969: Assumed to be natural enemies, these groups united in their calls for [[economic justice]].&amp;quot; [http://theconversation.com/chicago-1969-when-black-panthers-aligned-with-confederate-flag-wielding-working-class-whites-68961 When Black Panthers aligned with Confederate-flag-wielding, working-class whites], Colette Gaiter, ''The Conversation'', January 8, 2017.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Both African Americans and racist Democrats opposed Republican to maintain fiscal and budgetary sanity. The coalition gave cover to bigoted Democrats to hide their [[racism]], while accusing Republicans who wanted to balance the budget of prejudice. [[Malcolm X]] described it this way: {{quotebox|&amp;quot;The white Liberal differs from the white Conservative only in one way; the Liberal is more [[deceit]]ful, more hypocritical, than the Conservative. Both want power, but the White Liberal is the one who has perfected the art of posing as the Negro's friend and benefactor and by winning the friendship and support of the Negro, the White Liberal is able to use the Negro as a pawn or a weapon in this political football game, that is constantly raging, between the White Liberals and the White Conservatives. The American Negro is nothing, but a political &amp;quot;football game&amp;quot; that is constantly raging between the white liberals and white conservatives.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V7YmjWW9tx4&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
Democrat Governor [[George Wallace]] won the South in 1968 in a three-way contest, but the South continued to reject Yankee liberals (Humphrey in 1968, McGovern in 1972, Mondale in 1984, Dukakis in 1988, Kerry in 2004).  At the state and local level, the Republicans made slow but steady gains. As racism in the South declined, Republicans in the South increased.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://youtu.be/ol7OMGBDMao&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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===1964 Democratic Convention: Mississippi Freedom Party===&lt;br /&gt;
The Mississippi Freedom Party was organized by African Americans to challenge the establishment [[Democratic Party]], which allowed participation only by whites. The party ran a slate of delegates with close to 80,000 people casting ballots.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim63b.htm#1963msballot Freedom Ballot in MS] ~ Civil Rights Movement Veterans&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The party hoped to replace the Regular Democrats as the official Mississippi delegation at the 1964 Democratic National Convention.&lt;br /&gt;
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At the convention the party challenged the Regular Democrats' right to be seated, claiming that the Regular Democrats were illegally elected in a segregated process that violated both party regulations and [[federal law]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.crmvet.org/disc/mfdp.htm The Mississippi Movement &amp;amp; the MFDP] ~ Civil Rights Movement Veterans&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The Equal Protection Clause had been on the books for nearly 100 years already. The Democratic Party referred the challenge to the credentials committee,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book&lt;br /&gt;
  | last = Branch&lt;br /&gt;
  | first = Taylor&lt;br /&gt;
  | title = Pillar of Fire&lt;br /&gt;
  | publisher = Simon &amp;amp; Schuster&lt;br /&gt;
  | date = 1998}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; which televised its proceedings and allowed the nation to see and hear the moving testimony of several delegates and the retaliation inflicted on them by Democrats for attempting to vote.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Carmichael, Stokely, and Charles V.  Hamilton. ''Black Power: The Politics of Liberation,'' (New York: Random House, 1967), p. 90.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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After that, most observers and pundits thought the credentials committee were ready to unseat the Regular Democrats and seat the Freedom Party delegates in their place. But some Democrats from other states threatened to leave the convention and bolt the party if the Regular Democrats were unseated. President Johnson wanted a united convention and feared losing support. To ensure his victory in November, Johnson maneuvered to prevent the Mississippi Freedom Democrats from replacing the all-white Regular Democrats. &lt;br /&gt;
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Two future Democrat Presidential nominees, [[Hubert Humphrey]] and [[Walter Mondale]], denied Blacks [[equal protection]] and made a mockery of the [[civil rights movement]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.minnpost.com/eric-black-ink/2011/05/sad-story-humphreys-role-1964-democratic-convention/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Johnson held a private meeting with Humphrey, Mondale, Roy Wilkins, [[Andrew Young]], [[United Auto Workers]] President [[Walter Reuther]] and [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] A plan was hatched to offer the Freedom Democrats two non-voting ''At-Large'' seats with observer status, rather than replace the all-white delegation which had been undemocratically and illegally elected.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Mills, Kay, ''This Little Light of Mine: The Life of Fannie Lou Hamer,'' (New York: Plume, 1994), p. 5.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Johnson arrogated to himself the right to pick which two, and Johnson chose one white and one black. Johnson dispatched Humphrey and Mondale and ordered them to make sure that “that illiterate woman,&amp;quot; Fannie Lou Hamer would never be a delegate. Dr. King protested and was told by Reuther to shut up.&lt;br /&gt;
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The offer was rejected, but Humphrey and Mondale remained powerhouse liberals in the Democratic party for another 20 years.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Biden Amendment of 1975===&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Biden segregation.png 1718483346.png|right|350px|thumb|Biden called segregation &amp;quot;a matter of Black pride&amp;quot; and pushed for a [[Constitutional Amendment]] to outlaw Court ordered de-segregation.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;politico.com&amp;quot;&amp;gt;https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/08/joe-biden-integration-school-busing-120968_full.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The Biden Amendment of 1965 repealed sections of the Civil Rights Act of 1965.]] &lt;br /&gt;
Democrats fought school desgregation with the [[Southern Manifesto]]; they fought it with the [[Democratic Party#1957 Civil Rights Act|Little Rock Crisis]] of 1957; they filibustered the 1964 Civil Rights Act; and they fought black integration with the Biden Amendment of 1975.&lt;br /&gt;
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In 1972 [[Black]] parents filed a desegregation lawsuit in [[Massachusetts]], the only state Republican President [[Richard Nixon]] did not win re-election in. The [[NAACP]] argued the case. According to ''Politico'', nowhere did the sentiment of people opposed to desegregation play out more dramatically than in [[Boston]]. In mid 1974, a federal judge found that 20 years after ''Brown v. Board'', Boston officials deliberately kept the schools segregated, and that the city must integrate at once. He drew up a busing plan. Black students from Roxbury would attend South Boston High School, while Irish Americans from Southie would board buses to Roxbury.&lt;br /&gt;
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The first buses rolled through Boston in September 1974—and racial violence engulfed the city. White mobs hurled bricks at school buses with terrified black children inside. Then, on October 7, a [[Haiti]]an immigrant was beaten savagely by a white mob in South Boston. In the coming months, the list of casualties would grow. The city became a cauldron of racial hatred.&lt;br /&gt;
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Each year after passage of the 1965 Civil Rights Act up until 1977, the Democratic controlled House passed at least one new law designed to restrain school integration—often in the guise of anti-busing legislation. Until 1974, the Senate rejected those bills. But as white resistance to busing escalated in many cities across the country, the House Democrats anti-busing majority began to pull more Democratic senators to their side.&lt;br /&gt;
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In 1975, Sen. [[Joseph Biden]], later [[Vice President of the United States of America|vice-president]] and [[President Obama]]'s token [[segregation]]ist, proposed an amendment that gutted Title VI of the [[1964 Civil Rights Act]], which enabled the federal government to cut off funding to school districts that refused to integrate. ''[[Politico]]'' writes of the whole sordid affair, {{quotebox|Biden morphed into a leading anti-busing crusader—all the while continuing to insist that he supported the goal of school desegregation, he only opposed busing as the means to achieve that end. This stance, which many of Biden’s liberal and moderate colleagues also held, was clever but disingenuous. It enabled Biden to choose votes over principles, while acting as if he was not doing so....In a seminal moment, the Senate thus turned against desegregation. The Senate had supported the 1964 Civil Rights Act, [[1965 Voting Rights Act]] and 1968 Fair Housing Act....the Senate remained the last bastion for those who supported strong integration policies. Biden stormed that bastion...&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;politico.com&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;}} &lt;br /&gt;
A Boston NAACP leader said, “An anti-busing amendment is an anti-desegregation amendment, and an anti-desegregation amendment is an anti-black amendment.” Republican Sen. [[Edward Brooke]], the first black senator ever to be directly elected, called Biden's amendment “the greatest symbolic defeat for [[civil rights]] since 1964.”  Brooke accused Biden of leading an assault on integration.&lt;br /&gt;
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During a [[Democratic party]] presidential primary debate before the [[2020 presidential election]], California senator [[Kamala Harris]] confronted then frontrunner former VP Joe Biden over his role in repealing sections of the [[1964 Civil Rights Act]] that restored funding to schools refusing to integrate with [[Black]]s after the 1954 ''[[Brown vs. Board of Education]]'' desegregation order.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/kamala-harris-says-she-was-a-victim-of-bidens-racial-policies 'That little girl was me': Kamala Harris says she was a victim of Biden's anti-busing racial policies], by Ellie Bufkin, ''Washington Examiner'', June 27, 2019.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The Biden Amendment,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/08/joe-biden-integration-school-busing-120968_full.html How a Young Joe Biden Turned Liberals Against Integration], By JASON SOKOL, ''[[Politico]]'', August 04, 2015.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  originally written by segregationist Democrat Sen. James Eastland, but with Biden's name on it with few modifications, restored federal funding for schools that refused to comply with court ordered desegregation and busing.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/03/joe-biden-record-on-busing-incarceration-racial-justice-democratic-primary-2020-explained.html Will Black Voters Still Love Biden When They Remember Who He Was?], By Eric Levitz, ''Intelligencer'', Mar. 12, 2019.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Harris told [[MSNBC]]'s [[Chris Matthews]]: {{quotebox|If those segregationists would have had their way, I would not be a member of the United States Senate, and I certainly would not be a serious candidate for President of the United States. ... Barack Obama would not have been in a position to appoint Joe Biden Vice President of the United States. So the consequences of their actions were very real, and on the shoulders of the history of our country of really a very bad, awful, dark, dangerous, and lethal time.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6p23VyNxnOQ&amp;amp;feature=youtu.be&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
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===Justice Clarence Thomas appointment===&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Thmas.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Justice Clarence Thomas]]&lt;br /&gt;
In 1991, Republican President George H.W. Bush appointed an African American, [[Clarence Thomas]], to the Supreme Court to replace the retiring Justice [[Thurgood Marshall]]. Racist Democrats were outraged that a conservative Black, who refused to pledge to uphold ''[[Roe v. Wade]]'' which legalized the murder of millions of unborn Blacks, would become a role model for Black youth.  [[Anita Hill]], a [[lesbian]] staffer who worked for Thomas was pushed forward, against her will, to testify publicly about unverified comments she made to FBI background investigators alleging sexual harassment in the work place, essentially jokes circulating among office employees. Hill's name was illegally [[leak]]ed by Senate Democrat staffers and Chairman [[Joseph Biden]] then subpoenaed Hill, compelling her to testify in public under oath in an effort to derail the nomination and permanently scar Thomas. In an unprecedented step, Biden delayed the final vote and held extended public hearings.&lt;br /&gt;
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Hill worked for Thomas at the Dept. of Education, and when Thomas left the Dept. of Education to work at the EEOC, Thomas invited her to come along and she followed. Hill never reported the alleged sexual harassment.&lt;br /&gt;
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After nationally televised hearings consisting largely of a discussion of African American body parts, Thomas was confirmed by the U.S. Senate with a majority of Americans in public opinion polls believing Thomas over Hill. A fringe  minority of partisan [[gay rights]] activists, [[feminists]], liberals, and [[mainstream media]] journalist are said to have believed Hill.&lt;br /&gt;
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===The New Jim Crow===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:{{See also|The New Jim Crow|Biden Crime Bill}}&lt;br /&gt;
In the 1990s the Democratic Party revived itself, in part by distancing itself from [[Jesse Jackson]] and the [[Rainbow Coalition]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.blackcommentator.com/46/46_cover.html&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;https://ofamerica.wordpress.com/tag/democratic-leadership-council/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Jackson was the first African-American to win a major party primary in 1988. Blacks were getting a little too [[uppity]] in  the eyes of the Clintons and Democratic party leadership.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://prospect.org/article/crisis-working-majority-0 From Crisis to Working Majority], Stan Greenberg, ''The American Prospect'' 2, no. 7 (September 1991). Republished 24 May 2005&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Clinton gore.png|right|300px|thumb|The election of Bill Clinton in 1992 ushered in the era of the New Jim Crow and mass incarceration of blacks.]]&lt;br /&gt;
Every year for twelve years, Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush, who both always had at least one house of Congress controlled by Democrats, asked in their State of the Union addresses for Congress to create Enterprise Zones - special tax breaks for start-ups and businesses to relocate to blighted areas, predominantly black, inner-city urban areas - to create jobs and  deliver services. Democrats didn't want Republicans to be seen as helping blacks. However, in President Clinton's first 100 days, with a Democrat House and Senate, Democrats finally delivered Enterprise Zones after making African Americans wait 12 years to finally participate in the prosperity begun in the 1980s. [[Bill Clinton]] attacked [[Nancy Reagan]]'s anti-drug &amp;quot;Just Say No&amp;quot; campaign as &amp;quot;twelve years of neglect&amp;quot; and ratcheted up deaths caused by illegal drug use from 10,000 per year to 70,000.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://slate.com/news-and-politics/1996/06/clinton-s-drug-war.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] took control of both the House of Representatives and the United States Senate after the 1994 midterm election. &lt;br /&gt;
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In the wake of the [[Central Park jogger attack]], Jos Biden boasted as one of his greatest legislative achievements passage of the 1994 Crime bill which locked up 10% of the Black adult male population of the United States.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/22/us/politics/joe-bidens-role-in-90s-crime-law-could-haunt-any-presidential-bid.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;prisonpolicy.org&amp;quot;&amp;gt;http://www.prisonpolicy.org/research/incarceration_rates_growth_causes/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
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When [[President George H.W. Bush]] asked for a record increase in funding to fight the [[War on Drugs]], Biden told a TV interviewer {{Quotebox|&amp;quot;In a nutshell, the President's plan does not include enough police officers to catch the violent thugs, enough prosecutors to convict them, enough judges to sentence them or enough prison cells to put them away for a long time.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://articles.latimes.com/1989-09-06/news/mn-1646_1_drug-war&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2018/12/first-step-act-skepticism.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}} &lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Bill-clinton-orval-faubus-1991.jpg|left|300px|thumb|[[Bill Clinton]] with [[Orval Faubus]], 1991.]]&lt;br /&gt;
Biden, [[Ted Kennedy]], and [[Strom Thurmond]] worked on proposals that raised maximum penalties, removed a directive requiring the US Sentencing Commission to take into account prison capacity, and created the cabinet-level “drug czar” position. In 1984, they passed the Comprehensive Crime Control Act, which, among other things, abolished [[parole]], imposed a less generous cap on “good time” sentence reductions, and allowed the Sentencing Commission to issue more punitive guidelines. &lt;br /&gt;
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Biden bragged on the Senate floor that it was under his and Thurmond's leadership that Congress passed a law sending anyone caught with a rock of cocaine the size of a quarter to jail for a minimum of five years - the notoriously racist hundred-to-one sentencing disparity between crack and powder cocaine. In the same speech Biden took credit for [[civil asset forfeiture]] and seizure laws, and demanded to know why [[Papa Bush]] hadn't sentenced more drug dealers to life in prison or exercise the [[death penalty]] once Congress had given him that power.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.c-span.org/video/?18528-1/violent-crime-control-act-1991&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Biden's version of a new crime bill added more than forty crimes that would be eligible for the [[death penalty]]. Biden boasted “we do everything but hang people for jaywalking.”&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;''[https://books.google.com/books?id=AK_DAwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;lpg=PA141&amp;amp;dq=we%20do%20everything%20but%20hang%20people%20for%20jaywalking&amp;amp;pg=PA141#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=we%20do%20everything%20but%20hang%20people%20for%20jaywalking&amp;amp;f=false The First Civil Right: How Liberals Built Prison America]'', Naomi Murakawa, Oxford University Press, Jul 10, 2014, p. 141.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The [[NAACP]] and other groups lobbied against the bill.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/27/us/civil-libertarians-go-after-crime-bills.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Although the 1991 crime bill was defeated by Republicans, the 1994 Biden/Clinton crime bill was passed.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;''[https://books.google.com/books?id=SGUJBAAAQBAJ&amp;amp;lpg=PT142&amp;amp;dq=biden%20strongly%20believes%20the%20administration%20needs%20to%20seize%20control%20of%20the%20issue%20by%20upping%20the%20ante&amp;amp;pg=PT142#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=biden%20strongly%20believes%20the%20administration%20needs%20to%20seize%20control%20of%20the%20issue%20by%20upping%20the%20ante&amp;amp;f=false The First Civil Right: How Liberals Built Prison America]'', Naomi Murakawa.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Under the 1994 Biden Crime Bill, more than 250,000 [[African American]]s were imprisoned in the [[United States]] than under President Reagan,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.blackelectorate.com/articles.asp?ID=320&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Both [[Hillary Clinton]] and [[Joseph Biden]] took credit for mass incarceration.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.thenation.com/article/hillary-clinton-does-not-deserve-black-peoples-votes/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Cumulatively since the Clinton's passed the Biden Crime Bill, 2.5 million adult black males—more than 10% of the population—were incarcerated, splitting up black families.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;prisonpolicy.org&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; [[Barack Obama]], [[Louis Farrakhan]] and [[Al Sharpton]] led the [[Million Man March]] on Washington to protest.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://gatewaypundit.blogspot.com/2008/04/wright-obama-helped-organize-march-with.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20100502040630/https://www1.chicagoreader.com/obama_reader/what_makes_obama_run/?q=012009K&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By 2001, the United States had the highest rate of incarceration in the world. [[Human Rights Watch]] reported that in seven states, African Americans constituted 80 to 90 percent of all drug offenders even though they were no more likely than whites to use or sell illegal drugs. Prison admissions for drug offenses reached a level in 2000 for African Americans more than 26 times the level they had been under [[Ronald Reagan]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.thenation.com/article/hillary-clinton-does-not-deserve-black-peoples-votes/ Why Hillary Clinton Doesn’t Deserve the Black Vote], Michelle Alexander, ''The Nation'', February 10, 2016&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Biden's &amp;quot;social planning&amp;quot; had proven effective.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The [[Leftist]] ''Jacobin'' magazine summed up Biden's record: {{Quotebox|&amp;quot;It’s not as if Biden didn’t know what he was doing.... He just didn’t care. Biden had made a calculated decision that the elections he would win were worth the damage he inflicted....&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;But even if Biden has subsequently learned the error of his ways, the rank cynicism and callousness involved in his two-decade-long championing of carceral policies should be more than enough to give anyone pause about his qualities as a leader, let alone a [[progressive]] one.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.jacobinmag.com/2018/08/biden-crime-mass-incarceration-police-prisons&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Ali Rosa Parks &amp;amp; Trump.jpg|right|thumb|[[Anita Bryant]], [[Muhammad Ali]], Rosa Parks and Donald Trump receive the 1986 Ellis Island Medal of Honor.]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==21st century==&lt;br /&gt;
By the  21st century blacks made major gains in sports, entertainment and politics. George W. Bush appointed the first two blacks to head the cabinet, secretaries of state [[Colin Powell]] and [[Condoleezza Rice]].  In a stunning upset, a man with no connection to American Descendants of Slavery ([[ADOS]]) [[Barack Obama]] defeated [[Hillary Clinton]] for the [[Democratic party]] nomination for president in 2008, then defeated Republican [[John McCain]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
McCain hailed Obama's win:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox|I've always believed that America offers opportunities to all who have the industry and will to seize it. Senator Obama believes that, too. But we both recognize that though we have come a long way from the old injustices that once stained our nation's reputation and denied some Americans the full blessings of American citizenship, the memory of them still had the power to wound.  A century ago, President Theodore Roosevelt's invitation of Booker T. Washington to dine at the White House was taken as an outrage in many quarters. America today is a world away from the cruel and prideful bigotry of that time. There is no better evidence of this than the election of an African American to the presidency of the United States. Let there be no reason now for any American to fail to cherish their citizenship in this, the greatest nation on Earth.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.johnmccain.com/splash110408.htm McCain statement Nov. 4, 2008]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Rapper [[Kanye West]] told his followers that the phrase “black power” does not mean voting for the [[Democratic Party]] forever.&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox|Own your power. Your power is not to just vote Democrat for the rest of our lives. That’s not the power...‘We’re moving these factories to America, and that’s how it’s going to be’... Our goal is to bring the manufacturing back to America... bring it back stateside and to present jobs for people back here.”}}&lt;br /&gt;
West decried Democratic policies that have brainwashed black Americans into a cycle of self-destruction and lamented how Democrats have brainwashed black Americans into voting for them with promises of [[food stamps]] and [[abortion]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.dailywire.com/news/kanye-west-blacks-dont-have-to-vote-for-democrats&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In [[Kentucky]], voters overwhelmingly rejected the Democrats' racist agenda, electing the state's first black [[Attorney General]] and first Republican in 70 years, [[Daniel Cameron]]. Four years earlier, Kentucky voters elected conservative Republican Jenean Hampton as the state's first black statewide elected official, and the Republican governor they elected, [[Matt Bevin]], had adopted four children from Ethiopia.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sen. [[Elizabeth Warren]], who lied about her [[Native American]] heritage to steal [[affirmative action]] preferences from qualified minorities, dropped a truth bomb in the 2020 New Hampshire presidential debate:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox|I’m glad to stand on this stage with my fellow Democrats who talk about how important the black community is, at least at election time. Year after year after year, election after election after election, Democrats go to people in the black community and say “Boy, we really care about these issues. Racism is terrible, we all want to do something,” and then somehow the problem just seems to keep getting worse.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.investmentwatchblog.com/video-warren-drops-shocking-truth-in-last-debate-trump-is-right-the-democrat-party-has-been-making-life-worse-for-black-families-not-better/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====Leftwing riots====&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:You ain't Black.jpeg|right|300px|thumb|Democrat Joe Biden was roundly criticized by Black leaders for his racist comments.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/499214-african-american-figures-slam-biden-on-you-aint-black-comments&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
In [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]] [[Progressive]] [[fascist]]s defaced the 54th Regiment Memorial to black soldiers in the [[Civil War]] as [[Antifa]] protests moved through the city.  A website dedicated to the memorial, which stands at the top of a hill on the Boston Common, explains:&lt;br /&gt;
{{Quotebox|The most acclaimed piece of sculpture on Boston Common is the Robert Gould Shaw and Massachusetts 54th Regiment Memorial by Augustus Saint-Gaudens; a memorial to that group of men who were among the first African Americans to fight in the Civil War. The monument portrays Shaw and his men marching down Beacon Street past the State House on May 28, 1863 as they left Boston on their way to South Carolina, Shaw erect on his horse, the men marching alongside.}}&lt;br /&gt;
:The monument, which commemorates black lives dedicated and sacrificed to the struggle against slavery, was defaced with profane anti-police graffiti, as well as tributes to [[George Floyd]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.westernjournal.com/rioters-deface-monument-black-civil-war-veterans-served-union/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The story of the 54th was immortalized in the Hollywood movie ''Glory'', for which [[Denzel Washington]] received the Oscar for Best Supporting Actor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The story of the 54th was immortalized in the Hollywood movie ''Glory'', for which [[Denzel Washington]] received the Oscar for Best Supporting Actor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====2020 Presidential election====&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Kanye-west-donald-trump.jpg|right|300px|thumb| [[Kanye West]] meets with [[President Donald Trump]] in the Oval Office to discuss undoing the Democrat legacy of mass incarceration.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-criminal-justice-reform-bill-announcement-today-2018-11-14-live-updates/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
:{{See also|2020 Presidential election}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Kanye West]] declared his candidacy for President on July 4, 2020.   West is [[pro-life]], stating &amp;quot;[[Planned Parenthood]]'s have been placed inside cities by [[white supremacist]]s to do the devil's work.&amp;quot;  West entered the race after Democrat nominee [[Joe Biden]]'s racist &amp;quot;you ain't black&amp;quot; comment. West said, &lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox|&amp;quot;that is a form of racism and [[white supremacy]] and white control, to say that all black people need to be Democrat,  and to assume that me running is me splitting the vote. All of that information is being charged up on [[social media]] platforms by Democrats.  And Democrats used to tell me the same. Democrats have threatened me. The reason why this is, the first day I registered to vote is because I was scared. I was told that if I voted on Trump, my music career would be over. I was threatened into being in one party. I was threatened as a celebrity into being in one party. I was threatened as a black man into the [[Democratic Party]]. And that's what the Democrats are doing emotionally to my&lt;br /&gt;
people, threatening them to the point where this [[white]] man can tell a black man. &amp;quot;if you don't vote for me you're not black.&amp;quot; }}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Historiography==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Tremmell.png|left|350px|thumb|Bernell Tremmell was murdered by Marxists in Milwaukee in July 2020 for his outspoken beliefs in freedom, justice, and racial equality.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://100percentfedup.com/prominent-black-trump-supporter-shot-to-death-in-milwaukee-hours-after-pro-trump-interview/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
The history of slavery has always been a major research topic for white scholars, but they generally focused on the political and constitutional themes until the 1950s, generally ignoring the black slaves themselves.  During [[Reconstruction]] and the late 19th century, blacks became major actors in the South. The [[Dunning School]] of white scholars generally cast the blacks as pawns of white Carpetbaggers but W.E.B. Dubois, a black historian, and [[Ulrich B. Phillips]], a white historian, studied the African-American experience in depth. Indeed, Phillips set the main topics of inquiry that still guide the analysis of slave economics. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the black community, in the first half of the 20th century Carter G. Woodson was the major scholar studying and promoting the black historical experience. Woodson insisted that the study of African descendants be scholarly sound, creative, restorative, and, most important, directly relevant to the black community. He popularized black history with a variety of innovative strategies and vehicles, including Association for the Study of Negro Life outreach activities, Negro History Month (now [[Black History Month]], in February), and a popular black history magazine.  Woodson democratized, legitimized, and popularized black history.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Pero Gaglo Dagbovie, &amp;quot;Making Black History Practical and Popular: Carter G. Woodson, the Proto Black Studies Movement, and the Struggle for Black Liberation.&amp;quot; ''Western Journal of Black Studies'' 2004 28(2): 372-383. Issn: 0197-4327 Fulltext: [[Ebsco]]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Benjamin Quarles (1904–96) and John Hope Franklin (1915-2009) provided a bridge between the work of historians in black schools such as Woodson, and the black history that is now well established in mainline universities.  Quarles grew up in Boston, attended Shaw University as an undergraduate, and received a graduate degree at the University of Wisconsin. He began in 1953 teaching at Morgan State College in Baltimore, where he stayed, despite a lucrative offer from Johns Hopkins. Franklin taught at Brooklyn College and had a major impact when he was a professor at the elite [[University of Chicago]], 1964–83.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Black history always sought out black agency—even slaves had a certain amount of control over their lives. The assumptions was that slaves were passive and did not rebel was debated in the 1950s and rejected.  Many of the white scholars were former Communists or members of the [[far left]], and they looked for violent rebellion. They found few such rebellions, but much unrest. Herbert Gutman and Leon Litwack showed that in reconstruction how former slaves fought to keep their families together and struggled against tremendous odds to define themselves as free people.  [[Robert Fogel]], a former Communist who moved to the right, enraged the left when he used quantitative methods to show that the housing, food, clothing and living conditions of the slaves were reasonably favorable. He was awarded the Nobel prize in Economics for his work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Today proponents of black history argue that it promotes diversity, develops self-esteem, and corrects myths and stereotypes. Opponents, including [[Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.]] and [[Oscar Handlin]], complain that such curricula are dishonest, divisive, and lack academic credibility and rigor.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Abul Pitre  and Ruth Ray, &amp;quot;The Controversy Around Black History.&amp;quot; ''Western Journal of Black Studies'' 2002 26(3): 149-154. Issn: 0197-4327 Fulltext: [[Ebsco]]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Knowledge of black history==&lt;br /&gt;
Surveys of 11th and 12th grade students and adults in 2005 show that American schools have made them very well informed about black history.  Both groups were asked to name ten famous Americans, excluding presidents. Of the students, the three highest names were blacks: 67% named Martin Luther King, 60% Rosa Parks, and 44% Harriet Tubman. Among adults, King was 2nd (at 36%) and Parks was tied for 4th with 30%, while Tubman tied for 10th place with Henry Ford, at 16%. When distinguished historians were asked in 2006 to name the most prominent Americans, Parks and Tubman did not make the top 100.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Sam Wineburg and Chauncey Monte-Sano, &amp;quot;'Famous Americans': The Changing Pantheon of American Heroes,&amp;quot; ''Journal of American History'' (March 2008) 94#4 pp. 1186–1202.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Bibliography==&lt;br /&gt;
===Surveys===&lt;br /&gt;
* Earle, Jonathan, and Malcolm Swanston. ''The Routledge Atlas of African American History'' (2000) [https://www.amazon.com/Routledge-African-American-History-Atlases/dp/0415921422/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208666779&amp;amp;sr=1-3 excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
* Finkelman, Paul, ed. ''Encyclopedia of African American History, 1619-1895: From the Colonial Period to the Age of Frederick Douglass'' (3 vol 2006) &lt;br /&gt;
* Franklin, John Hope, and Alfred Moss, ''From Slavery to Freedom. A History of African Americans'', (2001), standard textbook; first edition in 1947 [https://www.amazon.com/Slavery-Freedom-History-African-Americans/dp/0375406719/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208666779&amp;amp;sr=1-5 excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
* Litwack, Leon, and August Meier. ''Black Leaders of the 19th Century.'' (1988)&lt;br /&gt;
** Franklin, John Hope, and August Meier, eds. ''Black Leaders of the Twentieth Century.'' (1982), short biographies by scholars. &lt;br /&gt;
* Harris, William H. ''The Harder We Run: Black Workers Since the Civil War.'' (1982). [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;amp;d=16297018 online edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* Hine, Darlene Clark, Rosalyn Terborg-Penn and Elsa Barkley Brown, eds.  ''Black Women in America - An Historical Encyclopedia'', (2005) [https://www.amazon.com/Black-Women-America-Historical-Encyclopedia/dp/0253327741/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208666895&amp;amp;sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
* Hine, Darlene Clark, et al. ''The African-American Odyssey'' (2 vol, 4th ed. 2007) textbook [https://www.amazon.com/African-American-Odyssey-4th-Darlene-Hine/dp/0136150136/ref=sr_1_7?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208666930&amp;amp;sr=1-7 excerpt and text search vol 1] &lt;br /&gt;
* Holt, Thomas C. ed. ''Major Problems in African-American History: From Freedom to &amp;quot;Freedom Now,&amp;quot; 1865-1990s'' (2000) reader in primary and secondary sources&lt;br /&gt;
* Horton, James Oliver, and Lois E. Horton. ''Hard Road to Freedom: The Story of African America: From the Civil War to the Millennium'' (2002), well-balanced survey&lt;br /&gt;
*  Kelley, Robin D. G., and Earl Lewis, eds. ''To Make Our World Anew: A History of African Americans.'' (2000).  672pp; 10 long essays by leading scholars [http://www.questia.com/read/108611978?title=To%20Make%20Our%20World%20Anew%3a%20A%20History%20of%20African%20Americans online edition], leftist emphasis&lt;br /&gt;
* Lowery, Charles D.  and John F. Marszalek, eds. ''Encyclopedia of African-American Civil Rights: From Emancipation to the Present'' (1992) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;amp;d=71235565  online edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* Mandle, Jay R. ''Not Slave, Not Free: The African American Economic Experience since the Civil War'' (1992)  [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;amp;d=3099697 online edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* Painter, Nell Irvin. ''Creating Black Americans: African American History and Its Meanings, 1619 to the Present.'' (2006),  480 pp survey; leftist emphasis&lt;br /&gt;
*  Palmer, Colin A. ed. ''Encyclopedia Of African American Culture And History: The Black Experience In The Americas'' (6 vol. 2005) &lt;br /&gt;
* Salzman, Jack, David Lionel Smith, and Cornel West, eds. ''Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History.'' (5 vol. 1996).&lt;br /&gt;
* Smallwood, Arwin D ''The Atlas of African-American History and Politics: From the Slave Trade to Modern Times'' (1997)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Slave era pre 1860===&lt;br /&gt;
* Berlin, Ira. ''Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America'' (2000) [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00069 ACLS E-book]&lt;br /&gt;
* Blassingame, John W. ''The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellum South''  (2nd ed. 1979) [https://www.amazon.com/Slave-Community-Plantation-Antebellum-South/dp/0195025636/ref=tag_dpp_lp_edpp_ttl_in excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
* Fogel, Robert. ''Time on the Cross: The Economics of American Negro Slavery,'' (2 vol, 1974). (with Stanley Engerman), highly controversial quantitative study by a conservative&lt;br /&gt;
* Fogel, Robert. ''Without Consent or Contract: The Rise and Fall of American Slavery,'' (2 vol, 1989).&lt;br /&gt;
* Genovese, Eugene. ''Roll Jordan Roll: The World the Slaves Made'' (1974), highly influential study of slavery [https://www.amazon.com/Roll-Jordan-World-Slaves-Made/dp/0394716523/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208665810&amp;amp;sr=1-2 excerpt and text search], by a former Communist who is now a prominent conservative&lt;br /&gt;
* Gomez, Michael. ''Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South'' (1998) 384pp  [https://www.amazon.com/Exchanging-Our-Country-Marks-Transformation/dp/0807846945/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208757341&amp;amp;sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
*  Horton, James Oliver, and Lois E. Horton. ''Slavery and the Making of America'' (2006), well-balanced survey&lt;br /&gt;
*  Horton, James Oliver. ''In hope of liberty: culture, community, and protest among northern free Blacks, 1700-1860'' (1998) [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.02341 ACLS E-book]&lt;br /&gt;
* Kolchin, Peter. ''American Slavery, 1619-1877'' (wnd ed. 2003), a short survey [https://www.amazon.com/American-Slavery-1619-1877-Peter-Kolchin/dp/0809016303/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208759132&amp;amp;sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
*  Kulikoff, Allan. ''Tobacco and Slaves: The Development of Southern Cultures in the Chesapeake, 1680 - 1800'' (1986)&lt;br /&gt;
* Miller, Randall M., and John David Smith, eds. ''Dictionary of Afro-Amerian Slavery'' (1988)&lt;br /&gt;
* Rothman, Adam. ''Slave Country: American Expansion and the Origins of the Deep South.'' (2005). 282 pp. [https://www.amazon.com/Slave-Country-American-Expansion-Origins/dp/0674024168/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208761333&amp;amp;sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
*  Sobel, Mechal. ''The World They Made Together: Black and White Values in Eighteenth-Century Virginia'' (1987). &lt;br /&gt;
* White, Deborah Gray. ''Ar'n't I a Woman? Female Slaves in the Plantation South,'' (2nd ed. 1999) [https://www.amazon.com/Arnt-Woman-Female-Slaves-Plantation/dp/0393314812/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208715563&amp;amp;sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
* Wood, Peter H. ''Black majority: Negroes in colonial South Carolina from 1670 through the Stono Rebellion'' (1975) [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00338 ACLS E-book] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Emancipation and Reconstruction Era: 1860-1890===&lt;br /&gt;
* Boles, John B. ''Black Southerners, 1619–1869.'' (1983)&lt;br /&gt;
* Butchart, Ronald E. ''Northern Schools, Southern Blacks, and Reconstruction: Freedmen's Education, 1862-1875'' (1980) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;amp;d=15101767  onlineedition]&lt;br /&gt;
*Cimbala, Paul A. and Trefousse, Hans L. (eds.) ''The Freedmen's Bureau: Reconstructing the American South After the Civil War.'' 2005.&lt;br /&gt;
* Click, Patricia C. ''Time Full of Trial: The Roanoke Island Freedmen's Colony, 1862-1867'' (2001) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;amp;d=105840008 online edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* Crouch, Barry. ''The Freedmen's Bureau and Black Texans'' (1992)&lt;br /&gt;
* Du Bois, W. E. Burghardt. &amp;quot;The Freedmen's Bureau&amp;quot;  (1901) by leading black scholar [http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/sgml/moa-idx?notisid=ABK2934-0087-50 online edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* Du Bois, W. E. Burghardt. ''Black Reconstruction in America 1860-1880'' (1935)&lt;br /&gt;
* Durrill, Wayne K. &amp;quot;Political Legitimacy and Local Courts: 'Politicks at Such a Rage' in a Southern Community during Reconstruction&amp;quot; in ''Journal of Southern History'', Vol. 70 #3, 2004 pp 577–617 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;amp;d=5006777413 online edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* Foner Eric. ''Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877'' (1988), the standard history of Reconstruction.&lt;br /&gt;
* Gutman, Herbert G. ''The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom, 1750-1925'' (1977)&lt;br /&gt;
* Hahn, Steven. ''A Nation under Our Feet: Black Political Struggles in the Rural South from Slavery to the Great Migration'' (2003), 1865-1950 [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.03953 ACLS E-book]&lt;br /&gt;
* Jones, Jacqueline. ''Labor of Love, Labor of Sorrow: Black Women, Work, and the Family from Slavery to the Present'' (1985)&lt;br /&gt;
* Kolchin, Peter. ''First Freedom: The Responses of Alabama's Blacks to Emancipation and Reconstruction'' 1972.&lt;br /&gt;
* Litwack, Leon F. ''Been in the Storm So Long: The Aftermath of Slavery.'' 1979,&lt;br /&gt;
* Oubre, Claude F. ''Forty Acres and a Mule: The Freedmen's Bureau and Black Land Ownership'' 1978.&lt;br /&gt;
* Quarles, Benjamin. ''The Negro in the Civil War'''. (1953) by leading African American historian&lt;br /&gt;
* Rabinowitz, Howard N.  ''Race Relations in the Urban South, 1865-1890'' (1978)&lt;br /&gt;
* Ransom, Roger L. ''Conflict and Compromise''. (1989), econometric history&lt;br /&gt;
* Richardson, Joe M. ''Christian Reconstruction: The American Missionary Association and Southern Blacks, 1861-1890'' (1986).&lt;br /&gt;
* Rodrigue, John C. &amp;quot;Labor Militancy and Black Grassroots Political Mobilization in the Louisiana Sugar Region, 1865-1868&amp;quot; in ''Journal of Southern History'', Vol. 67 #1, 2001 pp 115–45; [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;amp;d=5002388829 online edition]  also in JSTOR&lt;br /&gt;
* Schwalm, Leslie A. &amp;quot;'Sweet Dreams of Freedom': Freedwomen's Reconstruction of Life and Labor in Lowcountry South Carolina,&amp;quot; ''Journal of Women's History,'' Vol. 9 #1, 1997 pp 9–32 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;amp;d=98499026 online edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* Span, Christopher M. &amp;quot;'I Must Learn Now or Not at All': Social and Cultural Capital in the Educational Initiatives of Formerly Enslaved African Americans in Mississippi, 1862-1869,&amp;quot; ''The Journal of African American History'', 2002  pp 196–222 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;amp;d=5000605558 online edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* Williamson, Joel. ''After Slavery: The Negro in South Carolina during Reconstruction, 1861-1877'' 1965.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Jim Crow Era: 1877-1954===&lt;br /&gt;
* Anderson, James D. ''The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860-1935'' (1988) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;amp;d=54406292  online edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* Bayor, Ronald H. ''Race and the Shaping of Twentieth-Century Atlanta'' (1996)&lt;br /&gt;
* Bond, Horace Mann. “The Extent and Character of Separate Schools in the United States.” ''Journal of Negro Education'' 4(July 1935):321–27. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-2984(193507)4%3A3%3C321%3ATEACOS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-W in JSTOR]&lt;br /&gt;
* Brundage, W. Fitzhugh, ed ''Booker T. Washington and Black Progress: Up from Slavery 100 Years Later'' (2003)&lt;br /&gt;
* Bullock, Henry Allen. ''A History of Negro Education in the South: From 1619 to the Present'' (1967) [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00625 ACLS E-book]&lt;br /&gt;
* Cartwright, Joseph H. ''The Triumph of Jim Crow: Tennessee Race Relations in the 1880s'' (1976)&lt;br /&gt;
* Dailey, Jane, Glenda Elizabeth Gilmore, and Bryant Simon, eds. ''Jumpin' Jim Crow: Southern Politics from Civil War to Civil Rights'' (2000), essays by scholars on impact of Jim Crow on black communities [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;amp;se=gglsc&amp;amp;d=5002470890 online edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* Gaines, Kevin. ''Uplifting the Race: Black Leadership, Politics, and Culture in the Twentieth Century'' (1996). [http://www.questia.com/library/book/uplifting-the-race-black-leadership-politics-and-culture-in-the-twentieth-century-by-kevin-k-gaines.jsp online edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* Gatewood, Jr., Willard B. ''Aristocrats of Color: The Black Elite, 1880-1920'' (2000)&lt;br /&gt;
* Gilmore, Glenda Elizabeth. ''Gender and Jim Crow Women and the Politics of White Supremacy in North Carolina, 1896-1920'' (1996) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;amp;d=94820628 online edition]; also [https://www.amazon.com/Gender-Jim-Crow-Supremacy-1896-1920/dp/0807845965/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1200610418&amp;amp;sr=8-4 excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
* Gosnell, Harold F. ''Negro politicians: the rise of Negro politics in Chicago,'' (1935, 1967) [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.02846 ACLS E-book]&lt;br /&gt;
* Hahn, Steven. ''A Nation under Our Feet: Black Political Struggles in the Rural South from Slavery to the Great Migration'' (2003), 1865-1950 [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.03953 ACLS E-book]; also [https://www.amazon.com/Nation-under-Our-Feet-Political/dp/067401765X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208663397&amp;amp;sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
* Jones, Jacqueline. ''Labor of Love, Labor of Sorrow: Black Women, Work, and the Family from Slavery to the Present'' (1985)&lt;br /&gt;
* Harlan. Louis R.   ''Booker T. Washington: The Making of a Black Leader, 1856-1900'' (1972) the standard biography, vol 1&lt;br /&gt;
* Harlan. Louis R.   ''Booker T. Washington: The Wizard of Tuskegee 1901-1915'' (1983), the standard scholarly biography vol 2 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;amp;d=78995092  online edition vol 2]&lt;br /&gt;
* Harlan. Louis R.    ''Booker T. Washington in Perspective: Essays of Louis R. Harlan'' (1988) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;amp;d=104404815  online edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* Harlan. Louis R.   &amp;quot;The Secret Life of Booker T. Washington.&amp;quot;  ''Journal of Southern History'' 37#3 (1971).  pp 393–416 Documents Booker T. Washington's secret financing and directing of litigation against segregation and disfranchisement. [http://www.jstor.org/pss/2206948 in JSTOR]&lt;br /&gt;
* McMurry, Linda O.  ''George Washington Carver, Scientist and Symbol'' (1982) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;amp;d=106358296 online edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* Jones, Jacqueline. ''Labor of Love, Labor of Sorrow: Black Women, Work, and the Family from Slavery to the Present'' (1985) [https://www.amazon.com/Labor-Love-Sorrow-Jacqueline-Jones/dp/0394745361/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208663256&amp;amp;sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
* Lemann, Nicholas. ''The Promised Land: The Great Black Migration and How It Changed America'' (1992) [https://www.amazon.com/Promised-Land-Migration-Changed-America/dp/0679733477/ref=sr_1_14?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208723153&amp;amp;sr=8-14 excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
* Lewis, David Levering. ''W. E. B. DuBois, 1868-1919: Biography of a Race'' (2 vol 1993, 2000). [https://www.amazon.com/W-E-Bois-1868-1919-Biography/dp/0805035680/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208663291&amp;amp;sr=1-3 excerpt and text search vol 1], winner of Pulitzer Prize; ''W.E.B. Du Bois: The Fight for Equality and the American Century 1919-1963'' (2000) [https://www.amazon.com/W-E-B-Du-Bois-Equality-1919-1963/dp/B0006Q1URA/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208663291&amp;amp;sr=1-2 excerpt and text search vol 2]&lt;br /&gt;
* Litwack, Leon F. ''Trouble in Mind: Black Southerners in the Age of Jim Crow'' (1998) [https://www.amazon.com/Trouble-Mind-Black-Southerners-Crow/dp/039452778X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1200613319&amp;amp;sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
* Logan, Rayford. ''The Betrayal of the Negro: From Rutherford B. Hayes to Woodrow Wilson'' (Originally Published as: ''The Negro in American Life and Thought: The Nadir: 1877-1901'') (1970) [https://www.amazon.com/Betrayal-Negro-Rutherford-Woodrow-Wilson/dp/0306807580/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208663219&amp;amp;sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
* McMillen, Neil R. ''Dark Journey: Black Mississippians in the Age of Jim Crow. '' (1989). [https://www.amazon.com/Dark-Journey-Black-Mississippians-Crow/dp/025206156X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1200610311&amp;amp;sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
* Meier, August.   ''Negro Thought in America, 1880-1915: Racial Ideologies in the Age of Booker T. Washington'' (1963), &lt;br /&gt;
* Meier, August.  &amp;quot;Toward a Reinterpretation of Booker T. Washington.&amp;quot;  23 ''Journal of Southern History'' 22#2 (1957) [http://www.jstor.org/pss/2955315 in JSTOR] &lt;br /&gt;
* Myrdal, Gunnar. ''An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy'' (1944). Highly influential and detailed analysis of the Jim Crow system in operation. [https://www.amazon.com/American-Dilemma-Problem-Democracy-African-American/dp/1560008571/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1200610342&amp;amp;sr=8-4 excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
* Norrell, Robert J. ''Up from History: The Life of Booker T. Washington'' (2009), new, favorable scholarly biography&lt;br /&gt;
* Norrell, Robert J.  &amp;quot;Booker T. Washington: Understanding the Wizard of Tuskegee&amp;quot; ''New Coalition News &amp;amp; Views'' Summer 2004 [http://www.heartland.org/policybot/results/15014/Booker_T_Washington_Understanding_the_Wizard_of_Tuskegee.html online edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* Sterner, Richard. ''The Negro's share: a study of income, consumption, housing, and public assistance'' (1943), statistical analysis of 1930s [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.02857 ACLS E-book]&lt;br /&gt;
* Walker, Juliet E. K. ''Encyclopedia of African American Business History'' (1999) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;amp;d=101376721  online edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* Woodward, C. Vann. ''The Strange Career of Jim Crow'' (3d ed., 1974), [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.02029 in ACLS E-books]&lt;br /&gt;
* Woodward, C. Vann. ''Origins of the New South, 1877-1913'' (1951) [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00007 ACLS E-book]&lt;br /&gt;
* Wintz, Cary D. ''African American Political Thought, 1890-1930: Washington, Du Bois, Garvey, and Randolph'' (1996) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;amp;d=104912065  online edition]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Civil Rights Era: 1954 - present===&lt;br /&gt;
* Branch, Taylor. ''Parting the Waters: America in the King Years 1954-63'' (1989) [https://www.amazon.com/Parting-Waters-America-Years-1954-63/dp/0671687425/ref=sr_1_31?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208722057&amp;amp;sr=1-31 excerpt and text search]; ''Pillar of Fire: America in the King Years 1963-65'' (1999) [https://www.amazon.com/Pillar-Fire-America-Years-1963-65/dp/0684848090/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208722178&amp;amp;sr=1-5 excerpt and text search]; ''At Canaan's Edge: America in the King Years, 1965-68'' (2007)&lt;br /&gt;
* Carson, Clayborne. ''In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s'' (1981)&lt;br /&gt;
* Cashman, Sean Dennis. ''African-Americans and the Quest for Civil Rights, 1900-1990'' (1991) &lt;br /&gt;
* Collier-Thomas, Bettye, and V.P. Franklin. ''Sisters in the Struggle : African-American Women in the Civil Rights-Black Power Movement'' (2001) [https://www.amazon.com/Sisters-Struggle-African-American-Rights-Black-Movement/dp/0814716024/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208748749&amp;amp;sr=8-3 excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
* Eagles, Charles, ed. ''The Civil Rights Movement in America'' (1986), 200pp; 12 short essays by scholars [https://www.amazon.com/Civil-Rights-Movement-America-Chancellor/dp/0878052984/ref=sr_1_12?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208730312&amp;amp;sr=1-12erpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
* Farley, Reynolds,  and William H. Frey. &amp;quot;The Segregation of Whites from Blacks During the 1980s: Small Steps Toward a More Integrated Society,&amp;quot; ''American Sociological Review'', Vol. 59, No. 1 (Feb., 1994), pp.&amp;amp;nbsp;23–45 heavily statistical; [http://www.jstor.org/pss/2096131 in JSTOR]&lt;br /&gt;
* Fredrickson, George M. ''Black Liberation: A Comparative History of Black Ideologies in the United States and South Africa''  (2nd ed. 1996)[https://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0195109783 excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
*  Garrow, David. ''Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., And The Southern Christian Leadership Conference'' (1989) [https://www.amazon.com/Bearing-Cross-Christian-Leadership-Conference/dp/B0002NPFWS/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208723153&amp;amp;sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
* Goldman, Peter. ''The Death and Life of Malcolm X,'' (2nd ed. 1979)&lt;br /&gt;
* Graham, Hugh Davis. ''The Civil Rights Era: Origins and Development of National Policy, 1960-1972'' (1990) &lt;br /&gt;
* Harris, Fredrick C. &amp;quot;Something Within: Religion as a Mobilizer of African-American Political Activism,&amp;quot; ''The Journal of Politics,'' Vol. 56, No. 1 (Feb., 1994), pp.&amp;amp;nbsp;42–68  [http://www.jstor.org/pss/2132345 in JSTOR]&lt;br /&gt;
* Horne, Gerald. '&amp;quot;'Myth' and the Making of 'Malcolm X'&amp;quot;, ''The American Historical Review,'' Vol. 98, No. 2 (Apr., 1993), pp.&amp;amp;nbsp;440–450  [http://www.jstor.org/pss/2166843 in JSTOR]&lt;br /&gt;
* Kluger, Richard.'' Simple Justice: The History of Brown v. Board of Education and Black America's Struggle for Equality,'' (1975) [https://www.amazon.com/Simple-Justice-Education-Americas-Struggle/dp/1400030617/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208730244&amp;amp;sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
*  Ling, Peter J. ''Martin Luther King, Jr.'' (2002) [https://www.amazon.com/Martin-Luther-Routledge-Historical-Biographies/dp/0415216648/ref=sr_1_11?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208722988&amp;amp;sr=8-11 excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
* Meier, August,  and Elliot Rudwick. ''CORE'' (1975). &lt;br /&gt;
* Sitkoff, Harvard. ''The Struggle for Black Equality'' (1981). &lt;br /&gt;
* Walton, Hanes, and Robert C. Smith. ''American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom'' (3rd ed 2005) [https://www.amazon.com/American-Politics-African-Universal-Freedom/dp/0321292375/ref=sr_1_16?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208748749&amp;amp;sr=8-16 excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
* Williams, Juan, and [[Julian Bond]]. ''Eyes on the Prize: America's Civil Rights Years, 1954-1965'' (1988) [https://www.amazon.com/Eyes-Prize-Americas-1954-1965-American/dp/0140096531/ref=pd_bbs_1?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1200610805&amp;amp;sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
* Wolters, Raymond. ''The Burden of Brown: Thirty Years of Desegration'' (1984) [https://www.amazon.com/Burden-Brown-Thirty-School-Desegregation/dp/0870497502/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208749113&amp;amp;sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Historiography and teaching===&lt;br /&gt;
* Arnesen, Eric. &amp;quot;Up From Exclusion: Black and White Workers, Race, and the State of Labor History,&amp;quot; ''Reviews in American History'' 26#1 March 1998, pp.&amp;amp;nbsp;146–174 in Project Muse&lt;br /&gt;
* Dagbovie, Pero. ''The Early Black History Movement, Carter G. Woodson, and Lorenzo Johnston Greene'' (2007) [https://www.amazon.com/History-Movement-Woodson-Lorenzo-Johnston/dp/0252074351/ref=sr_1_11?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208662932&amp;amp;sr=8-11 excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
* Dagbovie, Pero Gaglo. &amp;quot;Exploring a Century of Historical Scholarship on Booker T. Washington.&amp;quot; ''Journal of African American History'' 2007 92(2): 239–264. Issn: 1548-1867 Fulltext: [[Ebsco]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Dorsey, Allison. &amp;quot;Black History Is American History: Teaching African American History in the Twenty-first Century.&amp;quot; ''Journal of American History'' 2007 93(4): 1171–1177. Issn: 0021-8723 Fulltext: [[History Cooperative]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Ernest, John. &amp;quot;Liberation Historiography: African-American Historians before the Civil War,&amp;quot; ''American Literary History'' 14#3, Fall 2002, pp.&amp;amp;nbsp;413–443 in Project Muse&lt;br /&gt;
* Eyerman, Ron. ''Cultural Trauma: Slavery and the Formation of African American Identity'' (2002) argues that slavery emerged as a central element of the collective identity of African Americans in the post-Reconstruction era. &lt;br /&gt;
* Fields, Barbara J. &amp;quot;Ideology and Race in American History,&amp;quot; in J. Morgan Kousser and James M. McPherson, eds., ''Region, Race, and Reconstruction: Essays in Honor of C. Vann Woodward'' (1982)&lt;br /&gt;
* Franklin, John Hope. &amp;quot;Afro-American History: State of the Art,&amp;quot; ''Journal of American History'' (June 1988): 163–173. [http://www.jstor.org/pss/1889663 in JSTOR]&lt;br /&gt;
* Goggin, Jacqueline. ''Carter G. Woodson: A Life in Black History'' (1993)&lt;br /&gt;
*  Hall, Stephen Gilroy.  &amp;quot;'To Give a Faithful Account of the Race': History and Historical Consciousness in the African-American Community, 1827-1915.&amp;quot; PhD disseratation, Ohio State U. 1999. 470 pp.  DAI 2000 60(8): 3084-A. DA9941339  Fulltext: [[ProQuest Dissertations &amp;amp; Theses]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Harris, Robert L., &amp;quot;Coming of Age: The Transformation of Afro-American Historiography,&amp;quot; ''Journal of Negro History'' 57 (1982): 107–121. [http://www.jstor.org/pss/2717569 in JSTOR]&lt;br /&gt;
* Harris, Robert L., Jr. &amp;quot;The Flowering of Afro-American History.&amp;quot; ''American Historical Review'' 1987 92(5): 1150–1161. Issn: 0002-8762 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1868489  in Jstor] &lt;br /&gt;
* Higginbotham, Evelyn Brooks, &amp;quot;African-American Women’s History and the Metalanguage of Race,&amp;quot; ''Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society'' 17 (1992): 251–274.&lt;br /&gt;
* Hine, Darlene Clark, ed. ''Afro-American History: Past, Present, and Future.'' (1986).&lt;br /&gt;
* Hine, Darlene Clark. ''Hine Sight: Black Women and the Re-Construction of American History'' (1994) [https://www.amazon.com/Hine-Sight-Re-Construction-American-Diaspora/dp/0253211247/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208662746&amp;amp;sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
* Hornsby Jr., Alton, et al. eds. ''A Companion to African American History.'' (2005). 580 pp.&amp;amp;nbsp;31 long essays by experts covering African and diasporic connections in the context of the transatlantic slave trade; colonial and antebellum African, European, and indigenous relations; processes of cultural exchange; war and emancipation; post-emancipation community and institution building; intersections of class and gender; migration; and struggles for civil rights. ISBN 0-631-23066-1  &lt;br /&gt;
* McMillen, Neil R. &amp;quot;Up from Jim Crow: Black History Enters the Profession's Mainstream.&amp;quot; ''Reviews in American History'' 1987 15(4): 543–549. Issn: 0048-7511 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2701928  in Jstor] &lt;br /&gt;
* Meier, August,  and Elliott Rudwick. ''Black History and the Historical Profession, 1915-1980'' (1986)&lt;br /&gt;
* Nelson, Hasker. ''Listening For Our Past: A Lay Guide To African American Oral History Interviewing'' (2000) [https://www.amazon.com/Listening-Our-Past-American-Interviewing/dp/0964732106/ref=sr_1_9?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208662776&amp;amp;sr=8-9 excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
* Quarles, Benjamin. ''Black Mosaic: Essays in Afro-American History and Historiography'' (1988).&lt;br /&gt;
* Rabinowitz, Howard N. &amp;quot;More Than the Woodward Thesis: Assessing The Strange Career of Jim Crow&amp;quot;, ''Journal of American History'' 75 (Dec. 1988): 842–56. [http://www.jstor.org/pss/1901533 in JSTOR]&lt;br /&gt;
* Reidy, Joseph P. &amp;quot;Slave Emancipation Through the Prism of Archives Records&amp;quot; (1997)  [https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1997/summer/slave-emancipation.html online]&lt;br /&gt;
* Roper, John Herbert. ''U. B. Phillips: A Southern Mind'' (1984), on the white historian of slavery&lt;br /&gt;
* Trotter, Joe W. &amp;quot;African-American History: Origins, Development, and Current State of the Field,&amp;quot; ''OAH Magazine of History'' 7#4 Summer 1993 [http://www.oah.org/pubs/magazine/africanamerican/trotter.html online edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* Wright, William D. ''Black History and Black Identity: A Call for a New Historiography'' (2002), proposes new racial and ethnic terminology and classifications for the study of black people and history. [https://www.amazon.com/Black-History-Identity-Call-Historiography/dp/0275974421/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208661182&amp;amp;sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Primary Sources===&lt;br /&gt;
* Aptheker, Herbert, ed. ''A Documentary History of the Negro People in the United States.'' (7 vol 1951-1994), by a prominent Communist&lt;br /&gt;
* Berlin, Ira, ed. ''Free at Last: A Documentary History of Slavery, Freedom, and the Civil War'' (1995)&lt;br /&gt;
* Bracey, John H., and Manisha Sinha, eds. ''African American Mosaic: A Documentary History from the Slave Trade to the Twenty-First Century,'' (2 vol 2004) &lt;br /&gt;
* Chafe, William Henry, Raymond Gavins, and Robert Korstad, eds. ''Remembering Jim Crow: African Americans Tell About Life in the Segregated South'' (2003) [https://www.amazon.com/Remembering-Jim-Crow-Americans-Segregated/dp/1565847784/ref=sr_1_9?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1200610418&amp;amp;sr=8-9 excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
* Finkenbine, Roy E. ''Sources of the African-American Past: Primary Sources in American History'' (2nd Edition) (2003)&lt;br /&gt;
* Hampton, Henry,  and Steve Fayer, eds. ''Voices of Freedom'' (1990), oral histories of civil rights movement&lt;br /&gt;
* King, Martin Luther. ''I Have a Dream: Writings and Speeches That Changed the World,'' (1992) [https://www.amazon.com/Have-Dream-Writings-Speeches-Anniversary/dp/0062505521/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208721937&amp;amp;sr=1-5 excerpt and text search] &lt;br /&gt;
* King, Martin Luther. ''Why We Can't Wait'' (1963; 2000)&lt;br /&gt;
* King, Martin Luther. ''The Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr.: Volume VI: Advocate of the Social Gospel, September 1948-March 1963'' (2007) [https://www.amazon.com/Papers-Martin-Luther-King-Jr/dp/0520248740/ref=sr_1_9?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208722988&amp;amp;sr=8-9 excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
*  Levy, Peter B. ''Let Freedom Ring: A Documentary History of the Modern Civil Rights Movement'' (1992) [http://www.questia.com/read/27510341?title=Let%20Freedom%20Ring%3a%20A%20Documentary%20History%20of%20the%20Modern%20Civil%20Rights%20Movement online edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* Rawick, George P. ed. ''The American Slave: A Composite Autobiography'' (19 vols.), (1972) oral histories with ex-slaves conducted in 1930s by [[WPA]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Sernett, Milton C. ''African American Religious History: A Documentary Witness'' (1999) [https://www.amazon.com/Afro-American-Religious-History-Documentary-Witness/dp/0822305941/ref=sr_1_6?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1208662776&amp;amp;sr=8-6 excerpt and text search]&lt;br /&gt;
* Washington, Booker T. &amp;quot;The Awakening of the Negro,&amp;quot; ''The Atlantic Monthly'', 78 (September, 1896).&lt;br /&gt;
* Washington, Booker T. ''[http://docsouth.unc.edu/fpn/washington/menu.html Up from Slavery: An Autobiography]'' (1901).&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.historycooperative.org/btw/volumes.html ''The Booker T. Washington Papers''] University of Illinois Press online version of complete fourteen volume set of all letters to and from Booker T. Washington. &lt;br /&gt;
*  Wright, Kai, ed. ''The African-American Archive: The History of the Black Experience Through Documents'' (2001)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Slavery]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Black History Month]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Blexit]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Black Voices for Trump]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[George Schuyler]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.loc.gov/rr/mss/guide/african.html Library of Congress - African American History and Culture]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://search.eb.com/Blackhistory/home.do ''Encyclopedia Britannica'' - Guide to Black History]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.tntech.edu/history/black.html Tennessee Technological University - African-American History and Studies]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://youtu.be/DfFW2QaAlI8 12 year old Ethiopian immigrant prays for President Trump]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:United States History]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:American Civil War]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Slavery]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black History]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Civil Rights]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:The South]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Reconstruction]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Progressive Era]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:1950s]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:1960s]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jaime_Harrison&amp;diff=1692550</id>
		<title>Jaime Harrison</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jaime_Harrison&amp;diff=1692550"/>
		<updated>2020-10-05T03:28:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: fix cat&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Jaime Harrison''' is pro-BLM. He is running for the United &lt;br /&gt;
States Senate seat from [[South Carolina]] in 2020 against [[Lindsey Graham]].&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Politicians]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jaime_Harrison&amp;diff=1692549</id>
		<title>Jaime Harrison</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jaime_Harrison&amp;diff=1692549"/>
		<updated>2020-10-05T03:27:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: expand&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Jaime Harrison''' is pro-BLM. He is running for the United &lt;br /&gt;
States Senate seat from [[South Carolina]] in 2020 against [[Lindsey Graham]].&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Politician]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Cleveland_Clinic&amp;diff=1692547</id>
		<title>Cleveland Clinic</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Cleveland_Clinic&amp;diff=1692547"/>
		<updated>2020-10-05T03:20:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: started article&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The '''Cleveland Clinic''' is a teaching hospital in [[Cleveland]], Ohio.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It was the site of the September 2020 Presidential debate between [[Donald Trump]] and [[Joe Biden]].&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Ohio]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=University_of_San_Diego&amp;diff=1692546</id>
		<title>University of San Diego</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=University_of_San_Diego&amp;diff=1692546"/>
		<updated>2020-10-05T03:16:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: clean up&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{University&lt;br /&gt;
|name = University of San Diego&lt;br /&gt;
|text=white&lt;br /&gt;
|background=#003B70&lt;br /&gt;
|type = Private&lt;br /&gt;
|endowment = $545.6 million (2019)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;As of June 30, 2019. {{cite web |url=https://www.nacubo.org/-/media/Nacubo/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2019-Endowment-Market-Values--Final-Feb-10.ashx? |title=U.S. and Canadian 2019 NTSE Participating Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2019 Endowment Market Value, and Percentage Change in Market Value from FY18 to FY19 (Revised) |publisher=National Association of College and University Business Officers and TIAA |access-date=April 23, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|faculty = 875&lt;br /&gt;
|size = 8,349&lt;br /&gt;
|city = [[San Diego]], California&lt;br /&gt;
|colors = Blue and White&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|title=Color Palette - USD Brand|url=http://www.sandiego.edu/brand/visual-identity/colors/|website=University of San Diego|accessdate=March 26, 2018}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|nickname = [[San Diego Toreros|Toreros]]&lt;br /&gt;
|mascot = Diego Torero&lt;br /&gt;
|website = www.sandiego.edu&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
The '''University of San Diego''' is a private Catholic research university located in [[San Diego]], California.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Father [[Junipero Serra|Junípero Serra]], who established a string of Catholic missions along the California coast, was honored with a statue on its campus.  The school placed a statue of Serra the statue in storage for fear of vandalism with no plans to return it to public display.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thecollegefix.com/catholic-university-continues-to-hide-junipero-serra-statue-in-storage/|title=Catholic university continues to hide Junípero Serra statue in storage|date=Sept. 30, 2020|accessdate=Oct. 4, 2020|work=College Fix}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Nb_US_universities|California}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=University_of_San_Diego&amp;diff=1692545</id>
		<title>University of San Diego</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=University_of_San_Diego&amp;diff=1692545"/>
		<updated>2020-10-05T03:15:08Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: started article&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{University&lt;br /&gt;
|name = University of San Diego&lt;br /&gt;
|text=white&lt;br /&gt;
|background=#003B70&lt;br /&gt;
|type = Private&lt;br /&gt;
|endowment = $545.6 million (2019)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;As of June 30, 2019. {{cite web |url=https://www.nacubo.org/-/media/Nacubo/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2019-Endowment-Market-Values--Final-Feb-10.ashx? |title=U.S. and Canadian 2019 NTSE Participating Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2019 Endowment Market Value, and Percentage Change in Market Value from FY18 to FY19 (Revised) |publisher=National Association of College and University Business Officers and TIAA |access-date=April 23, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|faculty = 875&lt;br /&gt;
|size = 8,349&lt;br /&gt;
|city = [[San Diego]], California&lt;br /&gt;
|colors = Blue and White&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|title=Color Palette - USD Brand|url=http://www.sandiego.edu/brand/visual-identity/colors/|website=University of San Diego|accessdate=March 26, 2018}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|nickname = [[San Diego Toreros|Toreros]]&lt;br /&gt;
|mascot = Diego Torero&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|website = www.sandiego.edu&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
The '''University of San Diego''' is a private Catholic research university located in [[San Diego]], California.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Father [[Junipero Serra|Junípero Serra]] who established a string of Catholic missions along the California coast.  Father Serra was honored with a statue on its campus.  The school placed a statue of Serra the statue in storage for fear of vandalism with no plans to return it to public display.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thecollegefix.com/catholic-university-continues-to-hide-junipero-serra-statue-in-storage/|title=Catholic university continues to hide Junípero Serra statue in storage|date=Sept. 30, 2020|accessdate=Oct. 4, 2020|work=College Fix}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Nb_US_universities|California}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Politically_correct_renaming&amp;diff=1692524</id>
		<title>Politically correct renaming</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Politically_correct_renaming&amp;diff=1692524"/>
		<updated>2020-10-05T02:46:04Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: /* Examples */ Serra statue&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Politically correct renaming''' refers to the form of mind control that confuses and undermines a person's self-confidence by altering familiar frames of reference.  Society tends to honor historic figures by applying their name to cities, rivers, colleges, professorships or buildings.  In some cases, the naming is due to a donation and in other cases it is an expression of gratitude or tribute to virtue.  In this way, society designates the person as an example of virtue.  Similarly, the person honored builds his image, brand or reputation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Critical race theory]] demands a re-examination of naming decisions, particularly with regard to whether the honored individual held beliefs that would not be acceptable in today's society.  If a person owned slaves during a time that slavery was legal and an acceptable form of investment, such ownership under this theory makes the person unworthy of present-day honor and the name must be changed.  Instead of acknowledging that people are very complicated with both virtues worth celebrating along with failings, historic figures must be erased at the slightest provocation.  This is an application of [[cancel culture]] to a target that does not have a present career.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some protestors seeking to erase these historic figures have defaced or vandalizes statues or markers commemorating them.  In response, President Trump signed an Executive Order on Protecting American Monuments, Memorials, and Statues and Combating Recent Criminal Violence.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-protecting-american-monuments-memorials-statues-combating-recent-criminal-violence/|title=Executive Order on Protecting American Monuments, Memorials, and Statues and Combating Recent Criminal Violence|date=June 24, 2020|accessdate=2020-09-10}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Examples ==&lt;br /&gt;
Local [[Democratic Party]] units held a nation-wide series of fundraising dinners called the [[Jefferson Jackson Dinner]].  These events have been renamed, for example as &amp;quot;Blue Victory Dinners.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The [[Jefferson Davis Highway]] was a national road designed before highway route numbers became common in response to the designation of a coast-to-coast [[Lincoln Highway]] through northern states.  Local governments are now renaming their segments of the Jefferson Davis Highway.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1971, the portion of California Route 90 between [[Interstate 405]] and Marina Del Ray was named in honor of President [[Richard Nixon]].  In 1976, following [[Watergate]], the freeway was renamed the Marina Freeway.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2010/11/nixon-freeway-michael-jackson-auditorium-some-questionable-la-names.html|title=Nixon Freeway? Michael Jackson Auditorium? Some L.A. place names are no longer|date=November 14, 2010|accessdate=2020-09-11|work=Los Angeles Times}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1944, Liberty Hyde Bailey named an area of the [[Cornell University]] campus the &amp;quot;Cornell Plantations&amp;quot; to serve as a botanic teaching area.  That department earned an international reputation.  In response to the demands of black students who claimed the word &amp;quot;plantations&amp;quot; reminded them of slavery, it was renamed the &amp;quot;Cornell Bonatic Gardens&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref name=plant&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://dailycaller.com/2016/08/28/cornell-university-renames-cornell-plantations/|title=Cornell University Renames ‘Cornell Plantations’|date=August 28, 2016|accessdate=2020-09-10}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  In 2010, [[Rhode Island]] voters rejected a constitutional amendment to change the state’s official name, &amp;quot;State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref name=plant/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Princeton University]] honored [[Woodrow Wilson]], who served as both President of Princeton and of the United States, by naming its public policy school after him.  In 2020, Princeton removed his name from the school.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/27/nyregion/princeton-university-woodrow-wilson.html|title=Princeton Will Remove Woodrow Wilson’s Name From School|first=Bryan|last=Pietsch&lt;br /&gt;
|date=June 27, 2020|work=New York Times|accesdate=2020-09-11}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Student protestors demanded that [[Washington and Lee University]] change its name even though [[Robert E. Lee]] served as President of that school.  The school faculty voted to support dropping the name.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/susanadams/2020/07/07/washington-and-lee-faculty-vote-to-remove-lee-from-universitys-name/#78292eda7c87|title=Washington And Lee Faculty Vote To Remove ‘Lee’ From University’s Name|date=July 7, 2020|accessdate=2020-09-10}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Arlington Virginia officials voted to rename Washington and Lee High School &amp;quot;Washington Liberty High School.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.asumag.com/facilities-management/business-finance/article/20856838/in-arlington-va-washingtonlee-high-school-is-renamed-washington-liberty-high|title=In Arlington, Va., Washington-Lee High School is renamed Washington Liberty High|date=January 11, 2019|accessdate=2020-09-11}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
SUNY New Paltz renamed six buildings that were named after former slaveholders.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.asumag.com/facilities-management/article/20857000/suny-new-paltz-is-renaming-6-buildings-that-carried-slaveowner-names|title=SUNY New Paltz is renaming 6 buildings that carried slaveowner names|date=April 2, 2019|accessdate=2020-09-11}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of the twelve residential colleges at [[Yale University]] was named in honor of U.S. Vice President [[John C. Calhoun]], a proponent of slavery and states rights.  In 2017, Yale renamed it for Grace Murray Hopper, a Yale alumna and a pioneering computer scientist.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.asumag.com/facilities-management/business-finance/article/20853691/yale-university-reverses-decision-renames-calhoun-college|title=Yale University reverses decision, renames Calhoun College|date= Feb. 13, 2017|accessdate=2020-09-11}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In California, a number of streets and buildings were named for Father [[Junipero Serra|Junípero Serra]] who established a string of missions along the California coast.  Activists are demanding name changes in light of his mistreatment of the indigenous population.  In 2019 [[Stanford University]]’s Serra House where the [[Clayman Institute for Gender Research]] is located was renamed the [[Carolyn Attneave|Carolyn Lewis Attneave House]].&amp;lt;ref name=mercury&amp;gt;{{cite news|first=Jason |last=Green |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/03/01/stanford-renames-buildings-for-sally-ride-carolyn-attneave/amp/ |title=Stanford renames buildings for Sally Ride, Carolyn Attneave |work=Mercurynews.com |date=2019 |accessdate=2020-09-10}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; That same year, [[Stanford University]]’s other Serra House located in Lucie Stern Hall was renamed the [[Sally Ride]] House.&amp;lt;ref name=mercury/&amp;gt; It was formerly named after Serra.&amp;lt;ref name=mercury/&amp;gt;  The [[University of San Diego]], a Catholic school, placed a statue of Serra in storage for fear of vandalism.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thecollegefix.com/catholic-university-continues-to-hide-junipero-serra-statue-in-storage/|title=Catholic university continues to hide Junípero Serra statue in storage|date=Sept. 30, 2020|accessdate=Oct. 4, 2020|work=College Fix}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
David Starr Jordan was a [[Indiana University]] professor of zoology from 1875 to 1885 and then served as IU's seventh President from 1885 to 1891.  He then left to be founding president of [[Stanford University]].  Jordan Hall, Jordan River, Jordan Avenue and the Jordan Parking Garage were all named in his honor.  On July 2, 2020, an IU committee was appointed to consider renaming these because some people disagree with certain statements and views that Jordan held.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://news.iu.edu/stories/2020/07/iub/releases/02-jordan-review-committee-appointed.htm|title=Committee appointed to review Jordan namings on IU Bloomington campus|date=July 2, 2020|accessdate=2020-09-10}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Millard Fillmore]] was not only thirteenth President of the United States. he was also  comptroller of New York, a member of the United States House of Representatives, vice president of the United States, and founder and first Chancellor of the State University of New York at Buffalo.   He was not a slaveholder.  SUNY Buffalo is in the process of renaming the Millard Fillmore Academic Center, because Fillmore signed the Fugitive Slave Act while President.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://legalinsurrection.com/2020/08/university-at-buffalo-removing-president-millard-fillmores-name-from-campus/#more|title=University at Buffalo Removing President Millard Fillmore’s Name From Campus|date=August 5, 2020|accessdate=2020-10-01}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Bigotry]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Critical_race_theory&amp;diff=1692504</id>
		<title>Critical race theory</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Critical_race_theory&amp;diff=1692504"/>
		<updated>2020-10-05T01:49:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: /* See also */ Politically correct renaming&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:White privilege.jpeg|right}250px|thumb|A [[white privilege]]d [[middle class]] female confronts an [[African American]] police officer: &amp;quot;They're part of the problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://youtu.be/1hSmeFzCkUs&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Critical race theory''' ('''CRT''') is a [[Postmodernist]] construct based on [[Critical theory]] that teaches that race is not [[genetic]].  Instead, race is a social construct and a basis for political struggles in the fight for racial justice.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Critical race theory provided the foundation for claims that the [[Founding Fathers]] are &amp;quot;[[racist]].&amp;quot;  Critical race theory was devised by Derrick Bell, [[Barack Obama]]’s favorite Harvard professor, in the early 1980s.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Fernando, Ivan (November 18, 2013). [http://diversitychronicle.wordpress.com/2013/11/18/progressive-professor-urges-white-male-students-to-commit-suicide-during-class/ &amp;quot;Progressive professor urges white male students to commit suicide during class&amp;quot;]. Diversity Chronicle website.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; CRT exemplifies [[Lenin]]’s strategy as applied to race.  According to [[Discover the Networks]]:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox-float|Critical race theory contends that America is permanently racist to its core, and that consequently the nation’s legal structures are, by definition, racist and invalid … members of “oppressed” racial groups are entitled—in fact obligated—to determine for themselves which laws and traditions have merit and are worth observing. …}}&lt;br /&gt;
Bell’s theory is in turn an innovation of [[Critical Theory]], which was developed by Marxist thinkers of the [[Frankfurt School]] in Frankfurt, Germany, in 1923. The Institute’s left-wing scholars fled Hitler’s Germany in the 1930s, relocating to [[Columbia University]] in New York. Critical Theory teaches a view that all aspects of Western society are discredited, and this view forms the foundation of what we know today as [[political correctness]]. One of its most famous purveyors was the Frankfurt School’s [[Herbert Marcuse]], longtime associate of the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]]’s [[Julian Bond]]. Marcuse invented the concept of “partisan tolerance,” that is, [[tolerance]] for leftist ideas and [[intolerance]] of all others. The Southern Poverty Law Center applied Marcuse’s strategy in developing its “Hate Watch” list, and ''[[Rules for Radicals]]'' author [[Saul Alinsky]] used it in his own life’s work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Criticism==&lt;br /&gt;
Peter M. Burfeind writes,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://thefederalist.com/2020/09/24/why-black-lives-matter-only-empowers-racist-white-leftists/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox|[[Black Lives Matter]] is the operational arm of “critical race theory,” the [[postmodern]] philosophy of “critical theory” applied to race. Critical theory suffers an inescapable [[epistemology|epistemological]] conundrum. It’s the Liar’s Paradox: If a Cretan says all Cretans are liars, is he to be believed? [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So, who came up with critical theory? You got it: white men. Or do you not recognize in [[Immanuel Kant]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]], [[Michel Foucault]], Jean Baudrillard, Ferdinand de Saussure, George Herbert Mead, [[Noam Chomsky]], Hans-Georg Gadamer, [[Roland Barthes]], and [[Jacques Derrida]], a whiteness the lilies themselves would envy. Should we not add critical theory to the list of oppressive systems dead white men came up with to advance [[white supremacy |white power]]? [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to its own terms, critical race theory must be racist. Furthermore, Black Lives Matter, the political movement based on its theories, must also be racist—and not black racism, but white racism. At a deep, subconscious level, it serves the purpose of advancing and enhancing “white privilege.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How else do you explain rich white kids screeching venom at black [[police]] officers and business owners?&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://pjmedia.com/news-and-politics/tyler-o-neil/2020/06/23/watch-white-blm-protester-calls-black-cop-n-word-in-profane-tirade-n567409&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Or how else do you explain that the theorist who’s been most empowered by critical race theory is white author Robin DiAngelo?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ruminate on the sad indisputability of this statement for a moment: Something in the [[leftist]]s’ minds needs to keep minorities from finding [[hope]] and advancing in existent American “systems.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Meanwhile, of necessity by the terms of critical race theory, the flip side of this dynamic is going on. Leftists feel the [[new world order]] will advance their wills to power. Now, at the subconscious level, leftists don’t know they’re doing this. They may reject they’re doing this — because they have [[white fragility]]. Or, more accurately, they are projecting onto others what they themselves are.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They are truly the racists, as they always have been. And here’s sort of an obvious point: They’re telling everyone this now. This is exactly what they’re currently saying: “We’re all racist.” To which I say, “Speak for yourself, but interesting what you’re saying.” [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Who do you suppose will benefit most from that new regime of [[civil rights]] law? Sounds like a nice system if you’re an upper-middle-class white leftist. That’s because it is. It’s exactly as critical race theory proposes. “Whites gonna white,” says the theory, so how can the theory itself be anything other than the latest vehicle for whites to empower themselves?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The evidence bears this out. The left has had decades of power and control of our cities, [[academia]], and [[media]]. They’ve had ample opportunities to demonstrate the wonders of their ideas. Yet all we see is the [[systemic racism|perpetuation of the very things they decry]], while they gain more and more power.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For decades, we’ve been told all the [[violence]] and ugliness spawned by leftism are merely the birth pangs of a new system. Well, how long do you leftists need to give birth? Enough already! Give us a taste of the glories of the New World in your [[Democrat urban issues|urban microcosms]]!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Or maybe, as Maya Angelou said, “When someone shows you who he is, believe him.” Leftists are outing themselves as racists complicit in perpetuating systems of oppression. Maybe we should believe them. [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Perhaps an honest appraisal of critical race theory is in order, so we can liberate ourselves from the sticky epistemological tentacles of a nonsensical theory. Unfortunately, writ into the DNA of its axioms is the deconstruction of rational dialogue — that too, you see, is just another tool of white privilege. Leftism can’t have room for questions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We could extol what is by and large a just system for the advancement of anyone who applies himself and works hard — the American system. Individuals in that system could be spending their days in hope and personal achievement using the liberties available to them in this country. Or we could have a healthy discussion about race as it relates to traditional American principles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yet instead, we’ll just have to wait for the virus of critical race theory to work its [[nihilism|nihilistic]] destruction on the black community, while whites sit on the sidelines with their shut, masked mouths, on bended knee, advancing their privilege.}}&lt;br /&gt;
==Higher Education==&lt;br /&gt;
CRT has affected higher education in a number of ways,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/bridge/CriticalTheory/critical4.htm|title=Critical Race Theory|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and many critics claimed that higher education was the breeding ground for the theory prior to its spread into general society.  CRT has been developed and spread in a large number of academic papers, with journal editors showing a preference for analysis that promotes CRT relative to other theoretical frameworks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In terms of faculty hiring, under Title VII of the Civil Rights Law of 1964, discrimination on the basis of race in hiring and promotion is illegal, however CRT adherents advocated that color-blind hiring and promotion practices must be abandoned because of the inherent &amp;quot;institutional racism&amp;quot; embedded in traditional views of academic standards and quality.  Some universities reallocated budgets to create special minority hiring funds.  Under this arrangement, academic departments could use color-blind hiring as vacancies occurred, but that separate funding would be made available from the central fund for additional raced-based hiring.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Starting in the 1980s, campuses began to adopt &amp;quot;speech codes&amp;quot; seeking to limit student speech that black students would find hurtful without a corresponding limitation on speech that majority students would find hurtful.  CRT provided a rational for limiting traditional First Amendment rights of college students and staff.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In contrast with the 1960s, when the Civil Rights Movement fought to integrate campus housing, including fraternities and sororities, CRT has promoted &amp;quot;safe spaces&amp;quot; and segregated campus housing for minority students.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first and most thorough adoption of CRT in the United States was at [[Evergreen State College]] in 2017.  Proposals were advanced for race-based hiring and promotion, and administrators tried to pressure faculty to change the grades of a black student who complained.  The students took over the library/administration building, seized the cafeteria, demanded that the President stand-down the police, while they hunted down [[Bret Weinstein]], a faculty-critic, with baseball bats.  When the administration called a town-hall meeting, the black students actively discouraged white students from attending.  The national publicity of the crisis resulted in a large drop in enrollment and donations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Religion==&lt;br /&gt;
According to the [[Alabama]]-based '''Capstone Report''', Critical race theory has made its way into some of the [[Southern Baptist Convention]]'s (SBC) seminaries.  At its 2019 Annual Meeting, messengers to the SBC narrowly passed Resolution 9, which stated that CRT (along with [[intersectionality]], another controversial construct) could be &amp;quot;useful tools&amp;quot; in interpreting modern issues (though it pointed out that any such use not impinge on [[Biblical inerrancy]] or infallibility).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In response, a [[Conservative Baptist Network]] was formed in February 2020 to battle the spread of CRT within the SBC.  It is concerned that CRT has overwhelmed the proper Baptist emphasis on evangelism and spiritual renewal.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/conservative-baptist-network-launched-amid-woke-trend-in-sbc-emphasizing-scripture-evangelism.html|date=FEBRUARY 14, 2020|title=Conservative Baptist Network launched amid 'woke' trend in SBC, emphasizing Scripture, evangelism|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Theologian [[Tim Keller]] has noted: {{quotebox|The distinctly secular theory of justice locates evil in the wrong place, he added, seeing all injustice as occurring on a human level, demonizing human being instead of recognizing evil forces — &amp;quot;the world, the flesh, the devil&amp;quot; operating in every human being (Ephesians 6:12).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/critical-theory-is-not-biblical-justice-it-locates-evil-in-the-wrong-place-tim-keller-explains.html|title=Critical theory is not biblical justice, it locates evil in the wrong place: Tim Keller explains|date=August 13, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
==Law enforcement==&lt;br /&gt;
:{{see also|Systemic racism}}&lt;br /&gt;
Under traditional theories, the goal of law enforcement was the adoption of clear rules of conduct and then enforcing those rules in a color-blind manner.  Because law enforcement officials have to make split-second decisions that could result in serious bodily harm or death, most states adopted [[qualified immunity]] statutes to protect individual law enforcement officers from liability for such injuries.  In contrast, CRT sees all events and interactions as involving race and the exercise of power to subjugate racial groups.  Accordingly, CRT justifies movements to &amp;quot;defund the police&amp;quot; and to repeal qualified immunity for law enforcement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Trump Administration==&lt;br /&gt;
On September 4, 2020, President Trump ordered federal executive branch departments to halt employee training based upon critical race theory.  Russ Vought, director of the Office of Management and Budget, wrote a memo announcing Trump's instruction to stop using controversial forms of training on “critical race theory,” “white privilege” and “any other training or propaganda effort that teaches or suggests either...that the United States is an inherently racist or evil country or...that any race or ethnicity is inherently racist or evil.”  Vought added, “These types of ‘trainings’ not only run counter to the fundamental beliefs for which our Nation has stood since its inception, but they also engender division and resentment within the Federal workforce.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-ends-critical-race-theory-training-federal-employees|title=Trump ends 'critical race theory' training for federal employees, calls it a 'sickness'|date=September 5, 2020|work=Fox News|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Vought's memo concludes:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox| The divisive, false, and demeaning propaganda of the critical race theory movement is&lt;br /&gt;
contrary to all we stand for as Americans and should have no place in the Federal government.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/M-20-34.pdf|title=MEMORANDUM FOR THE HEADS OF EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES M20-34|date=September 4, 2020|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On September 22, 2020, President Trump followed up with an Executive Order on &amp;quot;Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-combating-race-sex-stereotyping/|title=Executive Order on Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping&lt;br /&gt;
|date=September 22, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The Executive Order prohibits teaching CRT to the Uniformed Services or requiring members of the Uniformed Services from being sanctions for refusing agree with CRT.  All federal government contractors are prohibited from using CRT-based trainings.  Entities that receive federal grants are also prohibited.  The Executive Order recognizes the inconsistency between CRT and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.  The Attorney General must research how CRT could establish a hostile work environment prohibited by Title VII.&lt;br /&gt;
==Youth groups and organizations==&lt;br /&gt;
Following the death of [[George Floyd]], a nation-wide panic arose to &amp;quot;virtue signal&amp;quot; support for &amp;quot;racial justice&amp;quot; as defined through the lens of CRT.  For example, on June 15, 2020, the Boy Scouts of America Executive Committee issued a statement that redefined &amp;quot;Be Brave&amp;quot; as including being anti-racist.  {{quotebox|The Boy Scouts of America stands with Black families and the Black community because we believe that Black Lives Matter. This is not a political issue; it is a human rights issue and one we all have a duty to address.}} BSA will require each Eagle Scout to earn a new diversity and inclusion merit badge, and all BSA staff will be required to attend diversity training.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://scoutingwire.org/bsas-commitment-to-act-against-racial-injustice/|title=BSA’S COMMITMENT TO ACT AGAINST RACIAL INJUSTICE|date=June 15, 2020|accessdate=October 4, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2007, a Professor at the University of Waterloo published a research paper, &amp;quot;Ugly on the Diamonds: An Examination of White Privilege in Youth Baseball&amp;quot; which argued that there are elements of racism within the color-blind polices of the Little League.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01490400601160895?journalCode=ulsc20|first=Troy D. |last=Glover|date=January 30, 2007|title=Ugly on the Diamonds: An Examination of White Privilege in Youth Baseball}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==Psychology and psychiatry==&lt;br /&gt;
On September 1, 2020, the national professional society of caregivers responsible for the mental health of '''individuals''' in the United States, adopted a resolution calling for “true systemic change in U.S. culture” because of “institutional racism.”&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2020/09/03/psychological-association-urges-true-systemic-change-us-culture/|title=American Psychological Association Urges ‘True Systemic Change in U.S. Culture’|work=Breitbart|date=September 3, 2020|accessdate=October 4, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  It is unclear how the duty to provide care in the best interests of indivdual patients will be compromised by this new goal of fighting institutional racism or whether white patients will be treated differently that patients of color.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Bibliography==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/147980276X/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl Delgado, Richard. Critical Race Theory, Third Edition. NYU Press. Kindle Edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1442216042/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl Thompson, Sherwood. Encyclopedia of Diversity and Social Justice. Rowman &amp;amp; Littlefield Publishers. Kindle Edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1634312023/ref=as_li_tl Pluckrose, Helen &amp;amp; James Lindsay, CYNICAL THEORIES: How Activist Scholarship Made Everything about Race, Gender, and Identity―and Why This Harms Everybody. Pitchstone Publishing.] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Critical legal studies]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Politically correct renaming]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[1619 Project]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://newdiscourses.com/tftw-critical-race-theory/ Social Justice Encyclopedia]&lt;br /&gt;
{{communism}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Postmodernism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Marxism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racism]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Politically_correct_renaming&amp;diff=1692503</id>
		<title>Politically correct renaming</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Politically_correct_renaming&amp;diff=1692503"/>
		<updated>2020-10-05T01:49:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: link&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Politically correct renaming''' refers to the form of mind control that confuses and undermines a person's self-confidence by altering familiar frames of reference.  Society tends to honor historic figures by applying their name to cities, rivers, colleges, professorships or buildings.  In some cases, the naming is due to a donation and in other cases it is an expression of gratitude or tribute to virtue.  In this way, society designates the person as an example of virtue.  Similarly, the person honored builds his image, brand or reputation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Critical race theory]] demands a re-examination of naming decisions, particularly with regard to whether the honored individual held beliefs that would not be acceptable in today's society.  If a person owned slaves during a time that slavery was legal and an acceptable form of investment, such ownership under this theory makes the person unworthy of present-day honor and the name must be changed.  Instead of acknowledging that people are very complicated with both virtues worth celebrating along with failings, historic figures must be erased at the slightest provocation.  This is an application of [[cancel culture]] to a target that does not have a present career.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some protestors seeking to erase these historic figures have defaced or vandalizes statues or markers commemorating them.  In response, President Trump signed an Executive Order on Protecting American Monuments, Memorials, and Statues and Combating Recent Criminal Violence.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-protecting-american-monuments-memorials-statues-combating-recent-criminal-violence/|title=Executive Order on Protecting American Monuments, Memorials, and Statues and Combating Recent Criminal Violence|date=June 24, 2020|accessdate=2020-09-10}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Examples ==&lt;br /&gt;
Local [[Democratic Party]] units held a nation-wide series of fundraising dinners called the [[Jefferson Jackson Dinner]].  These events have been renamed, for example as &amp;quot;Blue Victory Dinners.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The [[Jefferson Davis Highway]] was a national road designed before highway route numbers became common in response to the designation of a coast-to-coast [[Lincoln Highway]] through northern states.  Local governments are now renaming their segments of the Jefferson Davis Highway.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1971, the portion of California Route 90 between [[Interstate 405]] and Marina Del Ray was named in honor of President [[Richard Nixon]].  In 1976, following [[Watergate]], the freeway was renamed the Marina Freeway.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2010/11/nixon-freeway-michael-jackson-auditorium-some-questionable-la-names.html|title=Nixon Freeway? Michael Jackson Auditorium? Some L.A. place names are no longer|date=November 14, 2010|accessdate=2020-09-11|work=Los Angeles Times}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1944, Liberty Hyde Bailey named an area of the [[Cornell University]] campus the &amp;quot;Cornell Plantations&amp;quot; to serve as a botanic teaching area.  That department earned an international reputation.  In response to the demands of black students who claimed the word &amp;quot;plantations&amp;quot; reminded them of slavery, it was renamed the &amp;quot;Cornell Bonatic Gardens&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref name=plant&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://dailycaller.com/2016/08/28/cornell-university-renames-cornell-plantations/|title=Cornell University Renames ‘Cornell Plantations’|date=August 28, 2016|accessdate=2020-09-10}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  In 2010, [[Rhode Island]] voters rejected a constitutional amendment to change the state’s official name, &amp;quot;State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref name=plant/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Princeton University]] honored [[Woodrow Wilson]], who served as both President of Princeton and of the United States, by naming its public policy school after him.  In 2020, Princeton removed his name from the school.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/27/nyregion/princeton-university-woodrow-wilson.html|title=Princeton Will Remove Woodrow Wilson’s Name From School|first=Bryan|last=Pietsch&lt;br /&gt;
|date=June 27, 2020|work=New York Times|accesdate=2020-09-11}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Student protestors demanded that [[Washington and Lee University]] change its name even though [[Robert E. Lee]] served as President of that school.  The school faculty voted to support dropping the name.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/susanadams/2020/07/07/washington-and-lee-faculty-vote-to-remove-lee-from-universitys-name/#78292eda7c87|title=Washington And Lee Faculty Vote To Remove ‘Lee’ From University’s Name|date=July 7, 2020|accessdate=2020-09-10}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Arlington Virginia officials voted to rename Washington and Lee High School &amp;quot;Washington Liberty High School.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.asumag.com/facilities-management/business-finance/article/20856838/in-arlington-va-washingtonlee-high-school-is-renamed-washington-liberty-high|title=In Arlington, Va., Washington-Lee High School is renamed Washington Liberty High|date=January 11, 2019|accessdate=2020-09-11}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
SUNY New Paltz renamed six buildings that were named after former slaveholders.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.asumag.com/facilities-management/article/20857000/suny-new-paltz-is-renaming-6-buildings-that-carried-slaveowner-names|title=SUNY New Paltz is renaming 6 buildings that carried slaveowner names|date=April 2, 2019|accessdate=2020-09-11}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of the twelve residential colleges at [[Yale University]] was named in honor of U.S. Vice President [[John C. Calhoun]], a proponent of slavery and states rights.  In 2017, Yale renamed it for Grace Murray Hopper, a Yale alumna and a pioneering computer scientist.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.asumag.com/facilities-management/business-finance/article/20853691/yale-university-reverses-decision-renames-calhoun-college|title=Yale University reverses decision, renames Calhoun College|date= Feb. 13, 2017|accessdate=2020-09-11}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In California, a number of streets and buildings were named for Father [[Junipero Serra|Junípero Serra]] who established a string of missions along the California coast.  Activists are demanding name changes in light of his mistreatment of the indigenous population.  In 2019 [[Stanford University]]’s Serra House where the [[Clayman Institute for Gender Research]] is located was renamed the [[Carolyn Attneave|Carolyn Lewis Attneave House]].&amp;lt;ref name=mercury&amp;gt;{{cite news|first=Jason |last=Green |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/03/01/stanford-renames-buildings-for-sally-ride-carolyn-attneave/amp/ |title=Stanford renames buildings for Sally Ride, Carolyn Attneave |work=Mercurynews.com |date=2019 |accessdate=2020-09-10}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; That same year, [[Stanford University]]’s other Serra House located in Lucie Stern Hall was renamed the [[Sally Ride]] House.&amp;lt;ref name=mercury/&amp;gt; It was formerly named after Serra.&amp;lt;ref name=mercury/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
David Starr Jordan was a [[Indiana University]] professor of zoology from 1875 to 1885 and then served as IU's seventh President from 1885 to 1891.  He then left to be founding president of [[Stanford University]].  Jordan Hall, Jordan River, Jordan Avenue and the Jordan Parking Garage were all named in his honor.  On July 2, 2020, an IU committee was appointed to consider renaming these because some people disagree with certain statements and views that Jordan held.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://news.iu.edu/stories/2020/07/iub/releases/02-jordan-review-committee-appointed.htm|title=Committee appointed to review Jordan namings on IU Bloomington campus|date=July 2, 2020|accessdate=2020-09-10}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Millard Fillmore]] was not only thirteenth President of the United States. he was also  comptroller of New York, a member of the United States House of Representatives, vice president of the United States, and founder and first Chancellor of the State University of New York at Buffalo.   He was not a slaveholder.  SUNY Buffalo is in the process of renaming the Millard Fillmore Academic Center, because Fillmore signed the Fugitive Slave Act while President.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://legalinsurrection.com/2020/08/university-at-buffalo-removing-president-millard-fillmores-name-from-campus/#more|title=University at Buffalo Removing President Millard Fillmore’s Name From Campus|date=August 5, 2020|accessdate=2020-10-01}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Bigotry]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Wichita_State_University&amp;diff=1692324</id>
		<title>Wichita State University</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Wichita_State_University&amp;diff=1692324"/>
		<updated>2020-10-04T18:48:57Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: footer&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{University&lt;br /&gt;
| name = Wichita State University&lt;br /&gt;
|background=#FFD200&lt;br /&gt;
| type = Public&lt;br /&gt;
| endowment = $276.142 million (2019)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;As of June 30, 2019. {{cite web |url=https://www.nacubo.org/-/media/Nacubo/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2019-Endowment-Market-Values--Final-Feb-10.ashx? |title=U.S. and Canadian 2019 NTSE Participating Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2019 Endowment Market Value, and Percentage Change in Market Value from FY18 to FY19 (Revised) |publisher=National Association of College and University Business Officers and TIAA |access-date=July 8, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| size = 16,058 (Fall 2019)&amp;lt;ref name=Enrollment&amp;gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wichita.edu/services/planning_and_analysis/documents/Enrollment_Fall_Census_OPAweb.pdf|title=Student Enrollment Factbook for Fall Census Day|publisher=Wichita State University|accessdate=July 9, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| city = Wichita, Kansas&lt;br /&gt;
| mascot = WuShock&lt;br /&gt;
| website = www.wichita.edu&lt;br /&gt;
| colors = Black and Shocker Yellow&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Wichita State University''' is a public research university located in [[Wichita]] Kansas.  It was founded in 1895 as Fairmont College, a private college.  The city of Wichita bought the school in 1926, and it later was incorporated into the Kansas State system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2020, [[Ivanka Trump]] was invited to give a virtual graduation address to WSU's technical program.  However, under political pressure, President Jay Golden revoked the invitation.  In turn, the Board of Regents accepted Golden's resignation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/article246012950.html |title=Wichita State President Jay Golden resigns less than a year after taking over |first=Chance |last=Swaim |publisher=[[The Wichita Eagle]] |date=September 25, 2020 |accessdate=September 29, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Nb_US_universities|Kansas}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Wichita_State_University&amp;diff=1692323</id>
		<title>Wichita State University</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Wichita_State_University&amp;diff=1692323"/>
		<updated>2020-10-04T18:46:26Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: fix color&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{University&lt;br /&gt;
| name = Wichita State University&lt;br /&gt;
|background=#FFD200&lt;br /&gt;
| type = Public&lt;br /&gt;
| endowment = $276.142 million (2019)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;As of June 30, 2019. {{cite web |url=https://www.nacubo.org/-/media/Nacubo/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2019-Endowment-Market-Values--Final-Feb-10.ashx? |title=U.S. and Canadian 2019 NTSE Participating Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2019 Endowment Market Value, and Percentage Change in Market Value from FY18 to FY19 (Revised) |publisher=National Association of College and University Business Officers and TIAA |access-date=July 8, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| size = 16,058 (Fall 2019)&amp;lt;ref name=Enrollment&amp;gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wichita.edu/services/planning_and_analysis/documents/Enrollment_Fall_Census_OPAweb.pdf|title=Student Enrollment Factbook for Fall Census Day|publisher=Wichita State University|accessdate=July 9, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| city = Wichita, Kansas&lt;br /&gt;
| mascot = WuShock&lt;br /&gt;
| website = www.wichita.edu&lt;br /&gt;
| colors = Black and Shocker Yellow&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Wichita State University''' is a public research university located in [[Wichita]] Kansas.  It was founded in 1895 as Fairmont College, a private college.  The city of Wichita bought the school in 1926, and it later was incorporated into the Kansas State system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2020, [[Ivanka Trump]] was invited to give a virtual graduation address to WSU's technical program.  However, under political pressure, President Jay Golden revoked the invitation.  In turn, the Board of Regents accepted Golden's resignation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/article246012950.html |title=Wichita State President Jay Golden resigns less than a year after taking over |first=Chance |last=Swaim |publisher=[[The Wichita Eagle]] |date=September 25, 2020 |accessdate=September 29, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Kansas Universities]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Wichita_State_University&amp;diff=1692322</id>
		<title>Wichita State University</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Wichita_State_University&amp;diff=1692322"/>
		<updated>2020-10-04T18:43:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: colors&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{University&lt;br /&gt;
| name = Wichita State University&lt;br /&gt;
|background=yellow&lt;br /&gt;
| type = Public&lt;br /&gt;
| endowment = $276.142 million (2019)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;As of June 30, 2019. {{cite web |url=https://www.nacubo.org/-/media/Nacubo/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2019-Endowment-Market-Values--Final-Feb-10.ashx? |title=U.S. and Canadian 2019 NTSE Participating Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2019 Endowment Market Value, and Percentage Change in Market Value from FY18 to FY19 (Revised) |publisher=National Association of College and University Business Officers and TIAA |access-date=July 8, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| size = 16,058 (Fall 2019)&amp;lt;ref name=Enrollment&amp;gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wichita.edu/services/planning_and_analysis/documents/Enrollment_Fall_Census_OPAweb.pdf|title=Student Enrollment Factbook for Fall Census Day|publisher=Wichita State University|access-date=July 9, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| city = [[Wichita, Kansas|Wichita]]&lt;br /&gt;
| mascot = WuShock&lt;br /&gt;
| website = www.wichita.edu&lt;br /&gt;
| colors = Black and Shocker Yellow&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Wichita State University''' is a public research university located in [[Wichita]] Kansas.  It was founded in 1895 as Fairmont College, a private college.  The city of Wichita bought the school in 1926, and it later was incorporated into the Kansas State system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2020, [[Ivanka Trump]] was invited to give a virtual graduation address to WSU's technical program.  However, under political pressure, President Jay Golden revoked the invitation.  In turn, the Board of Regents accepted Golden's resignation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/article246012950.html |title=Wichita State President Jay Golden resigns less than a year after taking over |first=Chance |last=Swaim |publisher=[[The Wichita Eagle]] |date=September 25, 2020 |accessdate=September 29, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Kansas Universities]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=University_of_Denver&amp;diff=1692321</id>
		<title>University of Denver</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=University_of_Denver&amp;diff=1692321"/>
		<updated>2020-10-04T18:41:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: colors&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{University&lt;br /&gt;
|name = University of Denver&lt;br /&gt;
|background=crimson&lt;br /&gt;
|text=gold&lt;br /&gt;
|former_name=Colorado Seminary (1864-1880)&lt;br /&gt;
|type = Private &lt;br /&gt;
|endowment = $786.4 million (2019)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;As of June 30, 2019. {{cite web |url=https://www.nacubo.org/-/media/Nacubo/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2019-Endowment-Market-Values--Final-Feb-10.ashx? |title=U.S. and Canadian 2019 NTSE Participating Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2019 Endowment Market Value, and Percentage Change in Market Value from FY18 to FY19 (Revised) |publisher=National Association of College and University Business Officers and TIAA |access-date=April 19, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|faculty = 763 (2019 Fall)&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ReferenceA&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|size = 12,931 (2019 Fall)&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ReferenceA&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.du.edu/ir/factbook/ |title=University Factbook |publisher=DU.edu |accessdate =May 2, 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|city = [[Denver]], Colorado&lt;br /&gt;
|colors =  Crimson and Gold&lt;br /&gt;
|website = www.du.edu&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
The '''University of Denver''' is a private college located in [[Denver]], Colorado.  Methodists founded it in 1864, making it the oldest independent private university in the Rocky Mountain Region of the United States.  In 1880, it was renamed the University of Denver although its legal name continues to be &amp;quot;Colorado Seminary.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is best known for its collegiate winter sports programs, having won eight national titles in men's ice hockey (the school's top spectator sport) and 24 national team skiing titles (the most of any school). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Fritz Knoebel School of Hospitality Management had its first graduating class in 1946, making it one of the oldest college hotel school programs in the United States.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
DU hosts 20 fraternities and sororities.  Currently, 22% of DU's students are involved with fraternities and sororities, and many of those students also hold positions in the Undergraduate Student Government, the University of Denver Programs Board (DUPB), Student Media Board, and many other organizations across campus.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.du.edu/studentlife/engagement/get-involved/fraternity-sorority-life.html|title=Fraternity &amp;amp; Sorority Life|accessdate=Oct. 2, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In September 2020, the University of Denver suspended  38 members of its men’s and women’s swimming and diving teams after the students attended a large, off-campus party that violated COVID-19 restrictions.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/university-of-denver-suspends-38-swimming-and-diving-student-athletes-for-violating-covid-19-restrictions-after-attending-large-off-campus-party|title=University of Denver suspends 38 swimming and diving student athletes for violating COVID-19 restrictions after attending large, off-campus party|work=Fox News|date=September 30, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Colorado]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{Nb_US_universities|Colorado}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Evergreen_State_College&amp;diff=1692320</id>
		<title>Evergreen State College</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Evergreen_State_College&amp;diff=1692320"/>
		<updated>2020-10-04T18:40:19Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: white&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{University&lt;br /&gt;
|name=Evergreen State College&lt;br /&gt;
|background=Green&lt;br /&gt;
|text=white&lt;br /&gt;
|type=Public&lt;br /&gt;
|city=Olympia, Washington&lt;br /&gt;
|size= 	4,089&amp;lt;ref name=facts&amp;gt;http://www.evergreen.edu/institutionalresearch/factpage&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|faculty=229&amp;lt;ref name=facts/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|sports=Basketball, Volleyball, Track and Field, and Soccer&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://gogeoducks.com/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|colors=Green and White&lt;br /&gt;
|mascot=Speedy, a [[Geoduck]]&lt;br /&gt;
|website=[http://www.evergreen.edu/ www.evergreen.edu]&lt;br /&gt;
|endowment=$8,582,189&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;The Evergreen State College Foundation audited financials for fiscal 2013-2014&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Evergreen State College''' is a public liberal [[art]]s college located near [[Olympia]], [[Washington]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
The Council of Presidents of Washington State baccalaureate institutions wrote a report in 1964 stating that another college was needed in the state to balance the geographical distribution of the existing state institutions. Following further feasibility studies, the state legislature passed a law creating a new state college stipulating that the campus should be no smaller than 600 acres, making it then the largest campus in the state as well as the first public four-year college created in Washington in the 20th century.  Classes started in 1971 with 1128 students.  Charles J. McCann was the founding President of Evergreen until June 1977.  Daniel J. Evans, who as Governor signed the legislation creating Evergreen, became President. Evans left the president's office abruptly in 1983 when he was appointed to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy created by the death of Senator Henry M. Jackson.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2017 protests===&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Evergreen clocktower.jpg|thumb|right|Campus Clock Tower]]&lt;br /&gt;
In some past years, students staged a &amp;quot;Day of Absence&amp;quot; event where African-American students held events off campus to make the other students realize how much they contribute overall to the college.  In 2017, students proposed that the white students refrain from conducting classes or events on campus as the &amp;quot;Day of Absence.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref name=highered&amp;gt;Jaschik , Scott. (May 30, 2017). &amp;quot;[https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2017/05/30/escalating-debate-race-evergreen-state-students-demand-firing-professor Who Defines What Is Racist?]&amp;quot;, ''[[Inside Higher Ed]]''. Retrieved June 3, 2017.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Biology Professor Bret Weinstein publicly objected to the change&amp;lt;ref name=highered /&amp;gt; and wrote a piece for ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''.  The Administration told him he would not be safe on campus, so he held his class off-campus in a park.  In response, African-American students demanded that Prof. Weinstein be fired.  Because local law enforcement received credible threats of terrorism, the campus was completely closed on June 1 and 2.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2017/jun/01/lawmaker-targets-evergreen-college-money-amid-race/|title=&lt;br /&gt;
Threat closes Evergreen State College after protests over race|date=June 1, 2017|accessdate=June 2, 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Additional threats were received over the weekend, and police closed the campus on June 5 until 3 p.m.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.evergreen.edu/news/post/olympia-campus-reopens-monday-june-5|title=Olympia Campus Reopens Monday, June 5|work=evergreen.edu|date=June 5, 2017|accessdate=June 6. 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Students also occupied the President's office for two hours.&amp;lt;ref name=times/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In response to student protests, the President promised to hire senior administrators who are minorities and to provide great latitudes for Native Americans who wish to &amp;quot;cook and eat Native foods in freedom.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.evergreen.edu/news/post/response-student-issues|title=Response to Student Issues|date=May 26, 2017|accessdate=June 3, 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On June 2, 2017, 15 members of the Washington State House introduced a bill to convert Evergreen State into a private college.&amp;lt;ref name=bill&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=2221&amp;amp;Year=2017|title= HB 2221 - 2017-18: Transitioning The Evergreen State College to a private four-year institution of higher education.|accessdate=June 18, 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The same bill was reintroduced in the 2018 legislative session.&amp;lt;ref name=bill/&amp;gt;  On June 6, the school announced the relocation of its graduation out of concern for possible demonstrations or disruptions.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://komonews.com/news/local/classes-resume-at-evergreen-state-as-graduation-is-moved|title=Classes resume at Evergreen State as graduation is moved|work=KOMO News|date=June 6, 2017|accessdate=June 17, 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  On June 15, an off-campus group called &amp;quot;[[Patriot Prayer]]&amp;quot; together with conservative Evergreen students marched on campus and got into a violent confrontation with a group of counter-demonstrators that was broken up by State Police.&amp;lt;ref name=times&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://mobile.nytimes.com/2017/06/16/us/evergreen-state-protests.html|title=A Campus Argument Goes Viral. Now the College Is Under Siege.|date=June 16, 2017|accessdate=June 18, 2017|work=New York Times}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2017/06/16/protest-and-counterprotest-evergreen-state|title=Protest and Counterprotest at Evergreen State|date=June 16, 2017|accessdate=June 18, 2017|work=Inside Higher Ed}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The June 16, 2017 graduation ceremony was moved to a minor league baseball stadium in Tacoma Washington, where all participants passed through metal detectors.  The rental of the stadium together with security and bus transportation cost the school $100,000.&amp;lt;ref name=times/&amp;gt;  The ceremony proceeded without disruption. The theme was “In a time of destruction, create something.” a quote by Maxine Hong Kingston, and the graduating class charity was Stand with Standing Rock, a grassroots movement that began in early 2016 in reaction to the approved Dakota Access Pipeline.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.evergreen.edu/graduation/theme-speaker|title=Graduation Commencement Ceremony|accessdate=June 18, 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In July 2017, Weinstein and his wife, Anthropology Professor Heather Heying, filed a $3.85 million tort claim against the college.  In September, Weinstein, Heying and the college reached a settlement for $500,000 with Weinstein and Heying resigning from the faculty.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.cooperpointjournal.com/2017/09/26/school-settles-weinstein-resigns/|title=School Settles|date=September 26, 2017|accessdate=January 22, 2018}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Concurrently, student Resident Advisors living in the dorms form an informal organization called RAFT (which was not a union) which presented demands in May regarding working conditions, racism, and pay.  When RAFT's demands were not met, they went on strike.  Over the summer, the striking RAFT members were mostly terminated for failure to perform their jobs and their meal plans were canceled and they were ordered to vacate their dorm rooms.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.cooperpointjournal.com/2017/09/26/resident-assistants-on-strike-resident-assistants-fighting-for-tomorrow-ends-in-mass-firing/|title=Resident Assistants on Strike|date=September 26, 2017|accessdate=January 22, 2018}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Student body==&lt;br /&gt;
The college has a 98% acceptance rate, making it one of the least selective colleges in the nation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/evergreen-state-college-8155/applying US News Report]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The average GPA for freshmen admitted in 2015 was 3.15. The average SAT composite (critical reading and math) score was 1084 and the average ACT composite test score was 24. The SAT writing test and subject tests are not required.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.evergreen.edu/admissions/requirements/freshman&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Twenty-six percent of the students are students of color, and 60% of students hold down a job while going to school.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.evergreen.edu/about/facts&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Famous alumni==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Rachel Corrie]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Matt Groening]] creator of the Simpsons&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Washington Universities]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Liberal Organizations]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Critical_race_theory&amp;diff=1692318</id>
		<title>Critical race theory</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Critical_race_theory&amp;diff=1692318"/>
		<updated>2020-10-04T18:28:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: /* Higher Education */ Evergreen&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:White privilege.jpeg|right}250px|thumb|A [[white privilege]]d [[middle class]] female confronts an [[African American]] police officer: &amp;quot;They're part of the problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://youtu.be/1hSmeFzCkUs&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Critical race theory''' ('''CRT''') is a [[Postmodernist]] construct based on [[Critical theory]] that teaches that race is not [[genetic]].  Instead, race is a social construct and a basis for political struggles in the fight for racial justice.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Critical race theory provided the foundation for claims that the [[Founding Fathers]] are &amp;quot;[[racist]].&amp;quot;  Critical race theory was devised by Derrick Bell, [[Barack Obama]]’s favorite Harvard professor, in the early 1980s.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Fernando, Ivan (November 18, 2013). [http://diversitychronicle.wordpress.com/2013/11/18/progressive-professor-urges-white-male-students-to-commit-suicide-during-class/ &amp;quot;Progressive professor urges white male students to commit suicide during class&amp;quot;]. Diversity Chronicle website.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; CRT exemplifies [[Lenin]]’s strategy as applied to race.  According to [[Discover the Networks]]:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox-float|Critical race theory contends that America is permanently racist to its core, and that consequently the nation’s legal structures are, by definition, racist and invalid … members of “oppressed” racial groups are entitled—in fact obligated—to determine for themselves which laws and traditions have merit and are worth observing. …}}&lt;br /&gt;
Bell’s theory is in turn an innovation of [[Critical Theory]], which was developed by Marxist thinkers of the [[Frankfurt School]] in Frankfurt, Germany, in 1923. The Institute’s left-wing scholars fled Hitler’s Germany in the 1930s, relocating to [[Columbia University]] in New York. Critical Theory teaches a view that all aspects of Western society are discredited, and this view forms the foundation of what we know today as [[political correctness]]. One of its most famous purveyors was the Frankfurt School’s [[Herbert Marcuse]], longtime associate of the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]]’s [[Julian Bond]]. Marcuse invented the concept of “partisan tolerance,” that is, [[tolerance]] for leftist ideas and [[intolerance]] of all others. The Southern Poverty Law Center applied Marcuse’s strategy in developing its “Hate Watch” list, and ''[[Rules for Radicals]]'' author [[Saul Alinsky]] used it in his own life’s work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Criticism==&lt;br /&gt;
Peter M. Burfeind writes,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://thefederalist.com/2020/09/24/why-black-lives-matter-only-empowers-racist-white-leftists/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox|[[Black Lives Matter]] is the operational arm of “critical race theory,” the [[postmodern]] philosophy of “critical theory” applied to race. Critical theory suffers an inescapable [[epistemology|epistemological]] conundrum. It’s the Liar’s Paradox: If a Cretan says all Cretans are liars, is he to be believed? [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So, who came up with critical theory? You got it: white men. Or do you not recognize in [[Immanuel Kant]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]], [[Michel Foucault]], Jean Baudrillard, Ferdinand de Saussure, George Herbert Mead, [[Noam Chomsky]], Hans-Georg Gadamer, [[Roland Barthes]], and [[Jacques Derrida]], a whiteness the lilies themselves would envy. Should we not add critical theory to the list of oppressive systems dead white men came up with to advance [[white supremacy |white power]]? [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to its own terms, critical race theory must be racist. Furthermore, Black Lives Matter, the political movement based on its theories, must also be racist—and not black racism, but white racism. At a deep, subconscious level, it serves the purpose of advancing and enhancing “white privilege.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How else do you explain rich white kids screeching venom at black [[police]] officers and business owners?&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://pjmedia.com/news-and-politics/tyler-o-neil/2020/06/23/watch-white-blm-protester-calls-black-cop-n-word-in-profane-tirade-n567409&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Or how else do you explain that the theorist who’s been most empowered by critical race theory is white author Robin DiAngelo?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ruminate on the sad indisputability of this statement for a moment: Something in the [[leftist]]s’ minds needs to keep minorities from finding [[hope]] and advancing in existent American “systems.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Meanwhile, of necessity by the terms of critical race theory, the flip side of this dynamic is going on. Leftists feel the [[new world order]] will advance their wills to power. Now, at the subconscious level, leftists don’t know they’re doing this. They may reject they’re doing this — because they have [[white fragility]]. Or, more accurately, they are projecting onto others what they themselves are.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They are truly the racists, as they always have been. And here’s sort of an obvious point: They’re telling everyone this now. This is exactly what they’re currently saying: “We’re all racist.” To which I say, “Speak for yourself, but interesting what you’re saying.” [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Who do you suppose will benefit most from that new regime of [[civil rights]] law? Sounds like a nice system if you’re an upper-middle-class white leftist. That’s because it is. It’s exactly as critical race theory proposes. “Whites gonna white,” says the theory, so how can the theory itself be anything other than the latest vehicle for whites to empower themselves?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The evidence bears this out. The left has had decades of power and control of our cities, [[academia]], and [[media]]. They’ve had ample opportunities to demonstrate the wonders of their ideas. Yet all we see is the [[systemic racism|perpetuation of the very things they decry]], while they gain more and more power.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For decades, we’ve been told all the [[violence]] and ugliness spawned by leftism are merely the birth pangs of a new system. Well, how long do you leftists need to give birth? Enough already! Give us a taste of the glories of the New World in your [[Democrat urban issues|urban microcosms]]!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Or maybe, as Maya Angelou said, “When someone shows you who he is, believe him.” Leftists are outing themselves as racists complicit in perpetuating systems of oppression. Maybe we should believe them. [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Perhaps an honest appraisal of critical race theory is in order, so we can liberate ourselves from the sticky epistemological tentacles of a nonsensical theory. Unfortunately, writ into the DNA of its axioms is the deconstruction of rational dialogue — that too, you see, is just another tool of white privilege. Leftism can’t have room for questions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We could extol what is by and large a just system for the advancement of anyone who applies himself and works hard — the American system. Individuals in that system could be spending their days in hope and personal achievement using the liberties available to them in this country. Or we could have a healthy discussion about race as it relates to traditional American principles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yet instead, we’ll just have to wait for the virus of critical race theory to work its [[nihilism|nihilistic]] destruction on the black community, while whites sit on the sidelines with their shut, masked mouths, on bended knee, advancing their privilege.}}&lt;br /&gt;
==Higher Education==&lt;br /&gt;
CRT has affected higher education in a number of ways,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/bridge/CriticalTheory/critical4.htm|title=Critical Race Theory|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and many critics claimed that higher education was the breeding ground for the theory prior to its spread into general society.  CRT has been developed and spread in a large number of academic papers, with journal editors showing a preference for analysis that promotes CRT relative to other theoretical frameworks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In terms of faculty hiring, under Title VII of the Civil Rights Law of 1964, discrimination on the basis of race in hiring and promotion is illegal, however CRT adherents advocated that color-blind hiring and promotion practices must be abandoned because of the inherent &amp;quot;institutional racism&amp;quot; embedded in traditional views of academic standards and quality.  Some universities reallocated budgets to create special minority hiring funds.  Under this arrangement, academic departments could use color-blind hiring as vacancies occurred, but that separate funding would be made available from the central fund for additional raced-based hiring.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Starting in the 1980s, campuses began to adopt &amp;quot;speech codes&amp;quot; seeking to limit student speech that black students would find hurtful without a corresponding limitation on speech that majority students would find hurtful.  CRT provided a rational for limiting traditional First Amendment rights of college students and staff.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In contrast with the 1960s, when the Civil Rights Movement fought to integrate campus housing, including fraternities and sororities, CRT has promoted &amp;quot;safe spaces&amp;quot; and segregated campus housing for minority students.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first and most thorough adoption of CRT in the United States was at [[Evergreen State College]] in 2017.  Proposals were advanced for race-based hiring and promotion, and administrators tried to pressure faculty to change the grades of a black student who complained.  The students took over the library/administration building, seized the cafeteria, demanded that the President stand-down the police, while they hunted down [[Bret Weinstein]], a faculty-critic, with baseball bats.  When the administration called a town-hall meeting, the black students actively discouraged white students from attending.  The national publicity of the crisis resulted in a large drop in enrollment and donations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Religion==&lt;br /&gt;
According to the [[Alabama]]-based '''Capstone Report''', Critical race theory has made its way into some of the [[Southern Baptist Convention]]'s (SBC) seminaries.  At its 2019 Annual Meeting, messengers to the SBC narrowly passed Resolution 9, which stated that CRT (along with [[intersectionality]], another controversial construct) could be &amp;quot;useful tools&amp;quot; in interpreting modern issues (though it pointed out that any such use not impinge on [[Biblical inerrancy]] or infallibility).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In response, a [[Conservative Baptist Network]] was formed in February 2020 to battle the spread of CRT within the SBC.  It is concerned that CRT has overwhelmed the proper Baptist emphasis on evangelism and spiritual renewal.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/conservative-baptist-network-launched-amid-woke-trend-in-sbc-emphasizing-scripture-evangelism.html|date=FEBRUARY 14, 2020|title=Conservative Baptist Network launched amid 'woke' trend in SBC, emphasizing Scripture, evangelism|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Theologian [[Tim Keller]] has noted: {{quotebox|The distinctly secular theory of justice locates evil in the wrong place, he added, seeing all injustice as occurring on a human level, demonizing human being instead of recognizing evil forces — &amp;quot;the world, the flesh, the devil&amp;quot; operating in every human being (Ephesians 6:12).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/critical-theory-is-not-biblical-justice-it-locates-evil-in-the-wrong-place-tim-keller-explains.html|title=Critical theory is not biblical justice, it locates evil in the wrong place: Tim Keller explains|date=August 13, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
==Law enforcement==&lt;br /&gt;
Under traditional theories, the goal of law enforcement was the adoption of clear rules of conduct and then enforcing those rules in a color-blind manner.  Because law enforcement officials have to make split-second decisions that could result in serious bodily harm or death, most states adopted qualified immunity statutes to protect individual law enforcement officers from liability for such injuries.  In contrast, CRT sees all events and interactions as involving race and the exercise of power to subjugate racial groups.  Accordingly, CRT justifies movements to &amp;quot;defund the police&amp;quot; and to repeal qualified immunity for law enforcement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Trump Administration==&lt;br /&gt;
On September 4, 2020, President Trump ordered federal executive branch departments to halt employee training based upon critical race theory.  Russ Vought, director of the Office of Management and Budget, wrote a memo announcing Trump's instruction to stop using controversial forms of training on “critical race theory,” “white privilege” and “any other training or propaganda effort that teaches or suggests either...that the United States is an inherently racist or evil country or...that any race or ethnicity is inherently racist or evil.”  Vought added, “These types of ‘trainings’ not only run counter to the fundamental beliefs for which our Nation has stood since its inception, but they also engender division and resentment within the Federal workforce.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-ends-critical-race-theory-training-federal-employees|title=Trump ends 'critical race theory' training for federal employees, calls it a 'sickness'|date=September 5, 2020|work=Fox News|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Vought's memo concludes:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox| The divisive, false, and demeaning propaganda of the critical race theory movement is&lt;br /&gt;
contrary to all we stand for as Americans and should have no place in the Federal government.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/M-20-34.pdf|title=MEMORANDUM FOR THE HEADS OF EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES M20-34|date=September 4, 2020|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On September 22, 2020, President Trump followed up with an Executive Order on &amp;quot;Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-combating-race-sex-stereotyping/|title=Executive Order on Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping&lt;br /&gt;
|date=September 22, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The Executive Order prohibits teaching CRT to the Uniformed Services or requiring members of the Uniformed Services from being sanctions for refusing agree with CRT.  All federal government contractors are prohibited from using CRT-based trainings.  Entities that receive federal grants are also prohibited.  The Executive Order recognizes the inconsistency between CRT and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.  The Attorney General must research how CRT could establish a hostile work environment prohibited by Title VII.&lt;br /&gt;
==Youth groups and organizations==&lt;br /&gt;
Following the death of [[George Floyd]], a nation-wide panic arose to &amp;quot;virtue signal&amp;quot; support for &amp;quot;racial justice&amp;quot; as defined through the lens of CRT.  For example, on June 15, 2020, the Boy Scouts of America Executive Committee issued a statement that redefined &amp;quot;Be Brave&amp;quot; as including being anti-racist.  {{quotebox|The Boy Scouts of America stands with Black families and the Black community because we believe that Black Lives Matter. This is not a political issue; it is a human rights issue and one we all have a duty to address.}} BSA will require each Eagle Scout to earn a new diversity and inclusion merit badge, and all BSA staff will be required to attend diversity training.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://scoutingwire.org/bsas-commitment-to-act-against-racial-injustice/|title=BSA’S COMMITMENT TO ACT AGAINST RACIAL INJUSTICE|date=June 15, 2020|accessdate=October 4, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2007, a Professor at the University of Waterloo published a research paper, &amp;quot;Ugly on the Diamonds: An Examination of White Privilege in Youth Baseball&amp;quot; which argued that there are elements of racism within the color-blind polices of the Little League.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01490400601160895?journalCode=ulsc20|first=Troy D. |last=Glover|date=January 30, 2007|title=Ugly on the Diamonds: An Examination of White Privilege in Youth Baseball}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==Psychology and psychiatry==&lt;br /&gt;
On September 1, 2020, the national professional society of caregivers responsible for the mental health of '''individuals''' in the United States, adopted a resolution calling for “true systemic change in U.S. culture” because of “institutional racism.”&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2020/09/03/psychological-association-urges-true-systemic-change-us-culture/|title=American Psychological Association Urges ‘True Systemic Change in U.S. Culture’|work=Breitbart|date=September 3, 2020|accessdate=October 4, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  It is unclear how the duty to provide care in the best interests of indivdual patients will be compromised by this new goal of fighting institutional racism or whether white patients will be treated differently that patients of color.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Bibliography==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/147980276X/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl Delgado, Richard. Critical Race Theory, Third Edition. NYU Press. Kindle Edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1442216042/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl Thompson, Sherwood. Encyclopedia of Diversity and Social Justice. Rowman &amp;amp; Littlefield Publishers. Kindle Edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1634312023/ref=as_li_tl Pluckrose, Helen &amp;amp; James Lindsay, CYNICAL THEORIES: How Activist Scholarship Made Everything about Race, Gender, and Identity―and Why This Harms Everybody. Pitchstone Publishing.] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Critical legal studies]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[1619 Project]]&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://newdiscourses.com/tftw-critical-race-theory/ Social Justice Encyclopedia]&lt;br /&gt;
{{communism}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Postmodernism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Marxism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racism]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Critical_race_theory&amp;diff=1692301</id>
		<title>Critical race theory</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Critical_race_theory&amp;diff=1692301"/>
		<updated>2020-10-04T17:20:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: /* Psychology and psychiatry */ expand&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:White privilege.jpeg|right}250px|thumb|A [[white privilege]]d [[middle class]] female confronts an [[African American]] police officer: &amp;quot;They're part of the problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://youtu.be/1hSmeFzCkUs&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Critical race theory''' ('''CRT''') is a [[Postmodernist]] construct based on [[Critical theory]] that teaches that race is not [[genetic]].  Instead, race is a social construct and a basis for political struggles in the fight for racial justice.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Critical race theory provided the foundation for claims that the [[Founding Fathers]] are &amp;quot;[[racist]].&amp;quot;  Critical race theory was devised by Derrick Bell, [[Barack Obama]]’s favorite Harvard professor, in the early 1980s.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Fernando, Ivan (November 18, 2013). [http://diversitychronicle.wordpress.com/2013/11/18/progressive-professor-urges-white-male-students-to-commit-suicide-during-class/ &amp;quot;Progressive professor urges white male students to commit suicide during class&amp;quot;]. Diversity Chronicle website.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; CRT exemplifies [[Lenin]]’s strategy as applied to race.  According to [[Discover the Networks]]:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox-float|Critical race theory contends that America is permanently racist to its core, and that consequently the nation’s legal structures are, by definition, racist and invalid … members of “oppressed” racial groups are entitled—in fact obligated—to determine for themselves which laws and traditions have merit and are worth observing. …}}&lt;br /&gt;
Bell’s theory is in turn an innovation of [[Critical Theory]], which was developed by Marxist thinkers of the [[Frankfurt School]] in Frankfurt, Germany, in 1923. The Institute’s left-wing scholars fled Hitler’s Germany in the 1930s, relocating to [[Columbia University]] in New York. Critical Theory teaches a view that all aspects of Western society are discredited, and this view forms the foundation of what we know today as [[political correctness]]. One of its most famous purveyors was the Frankfurt School’s [[Herbert Marcuse]], longtime associate of the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]]’s [[Julian Bond]]. Marcuse invented the concept of “partisan tolerance,” that is, [[tolerance]] for leftist ideas and [[intolerance]] of all others. The Southern Poverty Law Center applied Marcuse’s strategy in developing its “Hate Watch” list, and ''[[Rules for Radicals]]'' author [[Saul Alinsky]] used it in his own life’s work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Criticism==&lt;br /&gt;
Peter M. Burfeind writes,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://thefederalist.com/2020/09/24/why-black-lives-matter-only-empowers-racist-white-leftists/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox|[[Black Lives Matter]] is the operational arm of “critical race theory,” the [[postmodern]] philosophy of “critical theory” applied to race. Critical theory suffers an inescapable [[epistemology|epistemological]] conundrum. It’s the Liar’s Paradox: If a Cretan says all Cretans are liars, is he to be believed? [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So, who came up with critical theory? You got it: white men. Or do you not recognize in [[Immanuel Kant]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]], [[Michel Foucault]], Jean Baudrillard, Ferdinand de Saussure, George Herbert Mead, [[Noam Chomsky]], Hans-Georg Gadamer, [[Roland Barthes]], and [[Jacques Derrida]], a whiteness the lilies themselves would envy. Should we not add critical theory to the list of oppressive systems dead white men came up with to advance [[white supremacy |white power]]? [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to its own terms, critical race theory must be racist. Furthermore, Black Lives Matter, the political movement based on its theories, must also be racist—and not black racism, but white racism. At a deep, subconscious level, it serves the purpose of advancing and enhancing “white privilege.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How else do you explain rich white kids screeching venom at black [[police]] officers and business owners?&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://pjmedia.com/news-and-politics/tyler-o-neil/2020/06/23/watch-white-blm-protester-calls-black-cop-n-word-in-profane-tirade-n567409&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Or how else do you explain that the theorist who’s been most empowered by critical race theory is white author Robin DiAngelo?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ruminate on the sad indisputability of this statement for a moment: Something in the [[leftist]]s’ minds needs to keep minorities from finding [[hope]] and advancing in existent American “systems.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Meanwhile, of necessity by the terms of critical race theory, the flip side of this dynamic is going on. Leftists feel the [[new world order]] will advance their wills to power. Now, at the subconscious level, leftists don’t know they’re doing this. They may reject they’re doing this — because they have [[white fragility]]. Or, more accurately, they are projecting onto others what they themselves are.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They are truly the racists, as they always have been. And here’s sort of an obvious point: They’re telling everyone this now. This is exactly what they’re currently saying: “We’re all racist.” To which I say, “Speak for yourself, but interesting what you’re saying.” [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Who do you suppose will benefit most from that new regime of [[civil rights]] law? Sounds like a nice system if you’re an upper-middle-class white leftist. That’s because it is. It’s exactly as critical race theory proposes. “Whites gonna white,” says the theory, so how can the theory itself be anything other than the latest vehicle for whites to empower themselves?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The evidence bears this out. The left has had decades of power and control of our cities, [[academia]], and [[media]]. They’ve had ample opportunities to demonstrate the wonders of their ideas. Yet all we see is the [[systemic racism|perpetuation of the very things they decry]], while they gain more and more power.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For decades, we’ve been told all the [[violence]] and ugliness spawned by leftism are merely the birth pangs of a new system. Well, how long do you leftists need to give birth? Enough already! Give us a taste of the glories of the New World in your [[Democrat urban issues|urban microcosms]]!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Or maybe, as Maya Angelou said, “When someone shows you who he is, believe him.” Leftists are outing themselves as racists complicit in perpetuating systems of oppression. Maybe we should believe them. [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Perhaps an honest appraisal of critical race theory is in order, so we can liberate ourselves from the sticky epistemological tentacles of a nonsensical theory. Unfortunately, writ into the DNA of its axioms is the deconstruction of rational dialogue — that too, you see, is just another tool of white privilege. Leftism can’t have room for questions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We could extol what is by and large a just system for the advancement of anyone who applies himself and works hard — the American system. Individuals in that system could be spending their days in hope and personal achievement using the liberties available to them in this country. Or we could have a healthy discussion about race as it relates to traditional American principles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yet instead, we’ll just have to wait for the virus of critical race theory to work its [[nihilism|nihilistic]] destruction on the black community, while whites sit on the sidelines with their shut, masked mouths, on bended knee, advancing their privilege.}}&lt;br /&gt;
==Higher Education==&lt;br /&gt;
CRT has affected higher education in a number of ways,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/bridge/CriticalTheory/critical4.htm|title=Critical Race Theory|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and many critics claimed that higher education was the breeding ground for the theory prior to its spread into general society.  CRT has been developed and spread in a large number of academic papers, with journal editors showing a preference for analysis that promotes CRT relative to other theoretical frameworks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In terms of faculty hiring, under Title VII of the Civil Rights Law of 1964, discrimination on the basis of race in hiring and promotion is illegal, however CRT adherents advocated that color-blind hiring and promotion practices must be abandoned because of the inherent &amp;quot;institutional racism&amp;quot; embedded in traditional views of academic standards and quality.  Some universities reallocated budgets to create special minority hiring funds.  Under this arrangement, academic departments could use color-blind hiring as vacancies occurred, but that separate funding would be made available from the central fund for additional raced-based hiring.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Starting in the 1980s, campuses began to adopt &amp;quot;speech codes&amp;quot; seeking to limit student speech that black students would find hurtful without a corresponding limitation on speech that majority students would find hurtful.  CRT provided a rational for limiting traditional First Amendment rights of college students and staff.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In contrast with the 1960s, when the Civil Rights Movement fought to integrate campus housing, including fraternities and sororities, CRT has promoted &amp;quot;safe spaces&amp;quot; and segregated campus housing for minority students.&lt;br /&gt;
==Religion==&lt;br /&gt;
According to the [[Alabama]]-based '''Capstone Report''', Critical race theory has made its way into some of the [[Southern Baptist Convention]]'s (SBC) seminaries.  At its 2019 Annual Meeting, messengers to the SBC narrowly passed Resolution 9, which stated that CRT (along with [[intersectionality]], another controversial construct) could be &amp;quot;useful tools&amp;quot; in interpreting modern issues (though it pointed out that any such use not impinge on [[Biblical inerrancy]] or infallibility).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In response, a [[Conservative Baptist Network]] was formed in February 2020 to battle the spread of CRT within the SBC.  It is concerned that CRT has overwhelmed the proper Baptist emphasis on evangelism and spiritual renewal.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/conservative-baptist-network-launched-amid-woke-trend-in-sbc-emphasizing-scripture-evangelism.html|date=FEBRUARY 14, 2020|title=Conservative Baptist Network launched amid 'woke' trend in SBC, emphasizing Scripture, evangelism|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Theologian [[Tim Keller]] has noted: {{quotebox|The distinctly secular theory of justice locates evil in the wrong place, he added, seeing all injustice as occurring on a human level, demonizing human being instead of recognizing evil forces — &amp;quot;the world, the flesh, the devil&amp;quot; operating in every human being (Ephesians 6:12).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/critical-theory-is-not-biblical-justice-it-locates-evil-in-the-wrong-place-tim-keller-explains.html|title=Critical theory is not biblical justice, it locates evil in the wrong place: Tim Keller explains|date=August 13, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
==Law enforcement==&lt;br /&gt;
Under traditional theories, the goal of law enforcement was the adoption of clear rules of conduct and then enforcing those rules in a color-blind manner.  Because law enforcement officials have to make split-second decisions that could result in serious bodily harm or death, most states adopted qualified immunity statutes to protect individual law enforcement officers from liability for such injuries.  In contrast, CRT sees all events and interactions as involving race and the exercise of power to subjugate racial groups.  Accordingly, CRT justifies movements to &amp;quot;defund the police&amp;quot; and to repeal qualified immunity for law enforcement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Trump Administration==&lt;br /&gt;
On September 4, 2020, President Trump ordered federal executive branch departments to halt employee training based upon critical race theory.  Russ Vought, director of the Office of Management and Budget, wrote a memo announcing Trump's instruction to stop using controversial forms of training on “critical race theory,” “white privilege” and “any other training or propaganda effort that teaches or suggests either...that the United States is an inherently racist or evil country or...that any race or ethnicity is inherently racist or evil.”  Vought added, “These types of ‘trainings’ not only run counter to the fundamental beliefs for which our Nation has stood since its inception, but they also engender division and resentment within the Federal workforce.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-ends-critical-race-theory-training-federal-employees|title=Trump ends 'critical race theory' training for federal employees, calls it a 'sickness'|date=September 5, 2020|work=Fox News|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Vought's memo concludes:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox| The divisive, false, and demeaning propaganda of the critical race theory movement is&lt;br /&gt;
contrary to all we stand for as Americans and should have no place in the Federal government.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/M-20-34.pdf|title=MEMORANDUM FOR THE HEADS OF EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES M20-34|date=September 4, 2020|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On September 22, 2020, President Trump followed up with an Executive Order on &amp;quot;Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-combating-race-sex-stereotyping/|title=Executive Order on Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping&lt;br /&gt;
|date=September 22, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The Executive Order prohibits teaching CRT to the Uniformed Services or requiring members of the Uniformed Services from being sanctions for refusing agree with CRT.  All federal government contractors are prohibited from using CRT-based trainings.  Entities that receive federal grants are also prohibited.  The Executive Order recognizes the inconsistency between CRT and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.  The Attorney General must research how CRT could establish a hostile work environment prohibited by Title VII.&lt;br /&gt;
==Youth groups and organizations==&lt;br /&gt;
Following the death of [[George Floyd]], a nation-wide panic arose to &amp;quot;virtue signal&amp;quot; support for &amp;quot;racial justice&amp;quot; as defined through the lens of CRT.  For example, on June 15, 2020, the Boy Scouts of America Executive Committee issued a statement that redefined &amp;quot;Be Brave&amp;quot; as including being anti-racist.  {{quotebox|The Boy Scouts of America stands with Black families and the Black community because we believe that Black Lives Matter. This is not a political issue; it is a human rights issue and one we all have a duty to address.}} BSA will require each Eagle Scout to earn a new diversity and inclusion merit badge, and all BSA staff will be required to attend diversity training.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://scoutingwire.org/bsas-commitment-to-act-against-racial-injustice/|title=BSA’S COMMITMENT TO ACT AGAINST RACIAL INJUSTICE|date=June 15, 2020|accessdate=October 4, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2007, a Professor at the University of Waterloo published a research paper, &amp;quot;Ugly on the Diamonds: An Examination of White Privilege in Youth Baseball&amp;quot; which argued that there are elements of racism within the color-blind polices of the Little League.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01490400601160895?journalCode=ulsc20|first=Troy D. |last=Glover|date=January 30, 2007|title=Ugly on the Diamonds: An Examination of White Privilege in Youth Baseball}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==Psychology and psychiatry==&lt;br /&gt;
On September 1, 2020, the national professional society of caregivers responsible for the mental health of '''individuals''' in the United States, adopted a resolution calling for “true systemic change in U.S. culture” because of “institutional racism.”&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2020/09/03/psychological-association-urges-true-systemic-change-us-culture/|title=American Psychological Association Urges ‘True Systemic Change in U.S. Culture’|work=Breitbart|date=September 3, 2020|accessdate=October 4, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  It is unclear how the duty to provide care in the best interests of indivdual patients will be compromised by this new goal of fighting institutional racism or whether white patients will be treated differently that patients of color.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Bibliography==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/147980276X/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl Delgado, Richard. Critical Race Theory, Third Edition. NYU Press. Kindle Edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1442216042/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl Thompson, Sherwood. Encyclopedia of Diversity and Social Justice. Rowman &amp;amp; Littlefield Publishers. Kindle Edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1634312023/ref=as_li_tl Pluckrose, Helen &amp;amp; James Lindsay, CYNICAL THEORIES: How Activist Scholarship Made Everything about Race, Gender, and Identity―and Why This Harms Everybody. Pitchstone Publishing.] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Critical legal studies]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[1619 Project]]&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://newdiscourses.com/tftw-critical-race-theory/ Social Justice Encyclopedia]&lt;br /&gt;
{{communism}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Postmodernism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Marxism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racism]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Critical_race_theory&amp;diff=1692250</id>
		<title>Critical race theory</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Critical_race_theory&amp;diff=1692250"/>
		<updated>2020-10-04T15:50:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: /* Youth groups and organizations */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:White privilege.jpeg|right}250px|thumb|A [[white privilege]]d [[middle class]] female confronts an [[African American]] police officer: &amp;quot;They're part of the problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://youtu.be/1hSmeFzCkUs&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Critical race theory''' ('''CRT''') is a [[Postmodernist]] construct based on [[Critical theory]] that teaches that race is not [[genetic]].  Instead, race is a social construct and a basis for political struggles in the fight for racial justice.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Critical race theory provided the foundation for claims that the [[Founding Fathers]] are &amp;quot;[[racist]].&amp;quot;  Critical race theory was devised by Derrick Bell, [[Barack Obama]]’s favorite Harvard professor, in the early 1980s.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Fernando, Ivan (November 18, 2013). [http://diversitychronicle.wordpress.com/2013/11/18/progressive-professor-urges-white-male-students-to-commit-suicide-during-class/ &amp;quot;Progressive professor urges white male students to commit suicide during class&amp;quot;]. Diversity Chronicle website.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; CRT exemplifies [[Lenin]]’s strategy as applied to race.  According to [[Discover the Networks]]:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox-float|Critical race theory contends that America is permanently racist to its core, and that consequently the nation’s legal structures are, by definition, racist and invalid … members of “oppressed” racial groups are entitled—in fact obligated—to determine for themselves which laws and traditions have merit and are worth observing. …}}&lt;br /&gt;
Bell’s theory is in turn an innovation of [[Critical Theory]], which was developed by Marxist thinkers of the [[Frankfurt School]] in Frankfurt, Germany, in 1923. The Institute’s left-wing scholars fled Hitler’s Germany in the 1930s, relocating to [[Columbia University]] in New York. Critical Theory teaches a view that all aspects of Western society are discredited, and this view forms the foundation of what we know today as [[political correctness]]. One of its most famous purveyors was the Frankfurt School’s [[Herbert Marcuse]], longtime associate of the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]]’s [[Julian Bond]]. Marcuse invented the concept of “partisan tolerance,” that is, [[tolerance]] for leftist ideas and [[intolerance]] of all others. The Southern Poverty Law Center applied Marcuse’s strategy in developing its “Hate Watch” list, and ''[[Rules for Radicals]]'' author [[Saul Alinsky]] used it in his own life’s work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Criticism==&lt;br /&gt;
Peter M. Burfeind writes,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://thefederalist.com/2020/09/24/why-black-lives-matter-only-empowers-racist-white-leftists/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox|[[Black Lives Matter]] is the operational arm of “critical race theory,” the [[postmodern]] philosophy of “critical theory” applied to race. Critical theory suffers an inescapable [[epistemology|epistemological]] conundrum. It’s the Liar’s Paradox: If a Cretan says all Cretans are liars, is he to be believed? [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So, who came up with critical theory? You got it: white men. Or do you not recognize in [[Immanuel Kant]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]], [[Michel Foucault]], Jean Baudrillard, Ferdinand de Saussure, George Herbert Mead, [[Noam Chomsky]], Hans-Georg Gadamer, [[Roland Barthes]], and [[Jacques Derrida]], a whiteness the lilies themselves would envy. Should we not add critical theory to the list of oppressive systems dead white men came up with to advance [[white supremacy |white power]]? [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to its own terms, critical race theory must be racist. Furthermore, Black Lives Matter, the political movement based on its theories, must also be racist—and not black racism, but white racism. At a deep, subconscious level, it serves the purpose of advancing and enhancing “white privilege.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How else do you explain rich white kids screeching venom at black [[police]] officers and business owners?&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://pjmedia.com/news-and-politics/tyler-o-neil/2020/06/23/watch-white-blm-protester-calls-black-cop-n-word-in-profane-tirade-n567409&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Or how else do you explain that the theorist who’s been most empowered by critical race theory is white author Robin DiAngelo?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ruminate on the sad indisputability of this statement for a moment: Something in the [[leftist]]s’ minds needs to keep minorities from finding [[hope]] and advancing in existent American “systems.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Meanwhile, of necessity by the terms of critical race theory, the flip side of this dynamic is going on. Leftists feel the [[new world order]] will advance their wills to power. Now, at the subconscious level, leftists don’t know they’re doing this. They may reject they’re doing this — because they have [[white fragility]]. Or, more accurately, they are projecting onto others what they themselves are.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They are truly the racists, as they always have been. And here’s sort of an obvious point: They’re telling everyone this now. This is exactly what they’re currently saying: “We’re all racist.” To which I say, “Speak for yourself, but interesting what you’re saying.” [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Who do you suppose will benefit most from that new regime of [[civil rights]] law? Sounds like a nice system if you’re an upper-middle-class white leftist. That’s because it is. It’s exactly as critical race theory proposes. “Whites gonna white,” says the theory, so how can the theory itself be anything other than the latest vehicle for whites to empower themselves?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The evidence bears this out. The left has had decades of power and control of our cities, [[academia]], and [[media]]. They’ve had ample opportunities to demonstrate the wonders of their ideas. Yet all we see is the [[systemic racism|perpetuation of the very things they decry]], while they gain more and more power.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For decades, we’ve been told all the [[violence]] and ugliness spawned by leftism are merely the birth pangs of a new system. Well, how long do you leftists need to give birth? Enough already! Give us a taste of the glories of the New World in your [[Democrat urban issues|urban microcosms]]!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Or maybe, as Maya Angelou said, “When someone shows you who he is, believe him.” Leftists are outing themselves as racists complicit in perpetuating systems of oppression. Maybe we should believe them. [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Perhaps an honest appraisal of critical race theory is in order, so we can liberate ourselves from the sticky epistemological tentacles of a nonsensical theory. Unfortunately, writ into the DNA of its axioms is the deconstruction of rational dialogue — that too, you see, is just another tool of white privilege. Leftism can’t have room for questions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We could extol what is by and large a just system for the advancement of anyone who applies himself and works hard — the American system. Individuals in that system could be spending their days in hope and personal achievement using the liberties available to them in this country. Or we could have a healthy discussion about race as it relates to traditional American principles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yet instead, we’ll just have to wait for the virus of critical race theory to work its [[nihilism|nihilistic]] destruction on the black community, while whites sit on the sidelines with their shut, masked mouths, on bended knee, advancing their privilege.}}&lt;br /&gt;
==Higher Education==&lt;br /&gt;
CRT has affected higher education in a number of ways,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/bridge/CriticalTheory/critical4.htm|title=Critical Race Theory|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and many critics claimed that higher education was the breeding ground for the theory prior to its spread into general society.  CRT has been developed and spread in a large number of academic papers, with journal editors showing a preference for analysis that promotes CRT relative to other theoretical frameworks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In terms of faculty hiring, under Title VII of the Civil Rights Law of 1964, discrimination on the basis of race in hiring and promotion is illegal, however CRT adherents advocated that color-blind hiring and promotion practices must be abandoned because of the inherent &amp;quot;institutional racism&amp;quot; embedded in traditional views of academic standards and quality.  Some universities reallocated budgets to create special minority hiring funds.  Under this arrangement, academic departments could use color-blind hiring as vacancies occurred, but that separate funding would be made available from the central fund for additional raced-based hiring.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Starting in the 1980s, campuses began to adopt &amp;quot;speech codes&amp;quot; seeking to limit student speech that black students would find hurtful without a corresponding limitation on speech that majority students would find hurtful.  CRT provided a rational for limiting traditional First Amendment rights of college students and staff.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In contrast with the 1960s, when the Civil Rights Movement fought to integrate campus housing, including fraternities and sororities, CRT has promoted &amp;quot;safe spaces&amp;quot; and segregated campus housing for minority students.&lt;br /&gt;
==Religion==&lt;br /&gt;
According to the [[Alabama]]-based '''Capstone Report''', Critical race theory has made its way into some of the [[Southern Baptist Convention]]'s (SBC) seminaries.  At its 2019 Annual Meeting, messengers to the SBC narrowly passed Resolution 9, which stated that CRT (along with [[intersectionality]], another controversial construct) could be &amp;quot;useful tools&amp;quot; in interpreting modern issues (though it pointed out that any such use not impinge on [[Biblical inerrancy]] or infallibility).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In response, a [[Conservative Baptist Network]] was formed in February 2020 to battle the spread of CRT within the SBC.  It is concerned that CRT has overwhelmed the proper Baptist emphasis on evangelism and spiritual renewal.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/conservative-baptist-network-launched-amid-woke-trend-in-sbc-emphasizing-scripture-evangelism.html|date=FEBRUARY 14, 2020|title=Conservative Baptist Network launched amid 'woke' trend in SBC, emphasizing Scripture, evangelism|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Theologian [[Tim Keller]] has noted: {{quotebox|The distinctly secular theory of justice locates evil in the wrong place, he added, seeing all injustice as occurring on a human level, demonizing human being instead of recognizing evil forces — &amp;quot;the world, the flesh, the devil&amp;quot; operating in every human being (Ephesians 6:12).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/critical-theory-is-not-biblical-justice-it-locates-evil-in-the-wrong-place-tim-keller-explains.html|title=Critical theory is not biblical justice, it locates evil in the wrong place: Tim Keller explains|date=August 13, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
==Law enforcement==&lt;br /&gt;
Under traditional theories, the goal of law enforcement was the adoption of clear rules of conduct and then enforcing those rules in a color-blind manner.  Because law enforcement officials have to make split-second decisions that could result in serious bodily harm or death, most states adopted qualified immunity statutes to protect individual law enforcement officers from liability for such injuries.  In contrast, CRT sees all events and interactions as involving race and the exercise of power to subjugate racial groups.  Accordingly, CRT justifies movements to &amp;quot;defund the police&amp;quot; and to repeal qualified immunity for law enforcement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Trump Administration==&lt;br /&gt;
On September 4, 2020, President Trump ordered federal executive branch departments to halt employee training based upon critical race theory.  Russ Vought, director of the Office of Management and Budget, wrote a memo announcing Trump's instruction to stop using controversial forms of training on “critical race theory,” “white privilege” and “any other training or propaganda effort that teaches or suggests either...that the United States is an inherently racist or evil country or...that any race or ethnicity is inherently racist or evil.”  Vought added, “These types of ‘trainings’ not only run counter to the fundamental beliefs for which our Nation has stood since its inception, but they also engender division and resentment within the Federal workforce.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-ends-critical-race-theory-training-federal-employees|title=Trump ends 'critical race theory' training for federal employees, calls it a 'sickness'|date=September 5, 2020|work=Fox News|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Vought's memo concludes:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox| The divisive, false, and demeaning propaganda of the critical race theory movement is&lt;br /&gt;
contrary to all we stand for as Americans and should have no place in the Federal government.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/M-20-34.pdf|title=MEMORANDUM FOR THE HEADS OF EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES M20-34|date=September 4, 2020|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On September 22, 2020, President Trump followed up with an Executive Order on &amp;quot;Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-combating-race-sex-stereotyping/|title=Executive Order on Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping&lt;br /&gt;
|date=September 22, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The Executive Order prohibits teaching CRT to the Uniformed Services or requiring members of the Uniformed Services from being sanctions for refusing agree with CRT.  All federal government contractors are prohibited from using CRT-based trainings.  Entities that receive federal grants are also prohibited.  The Executive Order recognizes the inconsistency between CRT and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.  The Attorney General must research how CRT could establish a hostile work environment prohibited by Title VII.&lt;br /&gt;
==Youth groups and organizations==&lt;br /&gt;
Following the death of [[George Floyd]], a nation-wide panic arose to &amp;quot;virtue signal&amp;quot; support for &amp;quot;racial justice&amp;quot; as defined through the lens of CRT.  For example, on June 15, 2020, the Boy Scouts of America Executive Committee issued a statement that redefined &amp;quot;Be Brave&amp;quot; as including being anti-racist.  {{quotebox|The Boy Scouts of America stands with Black families and the Black community because we believe that Black Lives Matter. This is not a political issue; it is a human rights issue and one we all have a duty to address.}} BSA will require each Eagle Scout to earn a new diversity and inclusion merit badge, and all BSA staff will be required to attend diversity training.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://scoutingwire.org/bsas-commitment-to-act-against-racial-injustice/|title=BSA’S COMMITMENT TO ACT AGAINST RACIAL INJUSTICE|date=June 15, 2020|accessdate=October 4, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2007, a Professor at the University of Waterloo published a research paper, &amp;quot;Ugly on the Diamonds: An Examination of White Privilege in Youth Baseball&amp;quot; which argued that there are elements of racism within the color-blind polices of the Little League.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01490400601160895?journalCode=ulsc20|first=Troy D. |last=Glover|date=January 30, 2007|title=Ugly on the Diamonds: An Examination of White Privilege in Youth Baseball}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==Psychology and psychiatry==&lt;br /&gt;
On September 1, 2020, the national professional society of caregivers responsible for the mental health of '''individuals''' in the United States, adopted a resolution calling for “true systemic change in U.S. culture” because of “institutional racism.”&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2020/09/03/psychological-association-urges-true-systemic-change-us-culture/|title=American Psychological Association Urges ‘True Systemic Change in U.S. Culture’|work=Breitbart|date=September 3, 2020|accessdate=October 4, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Bibliography==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/147980276X/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl Delgado, Richard. Critical Race Theory, Third Edition. NYU Press. Kindle Edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1442216042/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl Thompson, Sherwood. Encyclopedia of Diversity and Social Justice. Rowman &amp;amp; Littlefield Publishers. Kindle Edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1634312023/ref=as_li_tl Pluckrose, Helen &amp;amp; James Lindsay, CYNICAL THEORIES: How Activist Scholarship Made Everything about Race, Gender, and Identity―and Why This Harms Everybody. Pitchstone Publishing.] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Critical legal studies]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[1619 Project]]&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://newdiscourses.com/tftw-critical-race-theory/ Social Justice Encyclopedia]&lt;br /&gt;
{{communism}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Postmodernism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Marxism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racism]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Stephanie_Malone&amp;diff=1692248</id>
		<title>Stephanie Malone</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Stephanie_Malone&amp;diff=1692248"/>
		<updated>2020-10-04T15:43:46Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: restore&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox officeholder &lt;br /&gt;
| name=Stephanie Shawn Malone&lt;br /&gt;
|image=Stephanie Malone of AR.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
| birth_date=March 23, 1978&lt;br /&gt;
| birth_place=Rogers, Benton County]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Arkansas, USA&lt;br /&gt;
| residence=[[Fort Smith, Arkansas|Fort Smith]], Sebastian County&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Arkansas, USA&lt;br /&gt;
| office=[[Arkansas]] State Representative for District 64&lt;br /&gt;
| term_start=2009&lt;br /&gt;
| term_end=2013&lt;br /&gt;
| preceded=Jim Medley &lt;br /&gt;
| succeeded=John Payton&lt;br /&gt;
| office2=Arkansas Representative for District 77&lt;br /&gt;
| term_start2=2013&lt;br /&gt;
| term_end2=2015&lt;br /&gt;
| preceded2=Charolette Wagner&lt;br /&gt;
| succeeded2=Justin Boyd&lt;br /&gt;
| party=[[Republican Party|Republican]]&lt;br /&gt;
| alma_mater=Rogers High School (Arkansas)&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[University of Arkansas]]&lt;br /&gt;
| occupation=[[Business]]woman&lt;br /&gt;
| religion=[[Southern Baptist]]&lt;br /&gt;
| spouse=Single}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Stephanie Shawn Malone''' (born March 23, 1978) is a [[business]]woman from [[Fort Smith, Arkansas|Fort Smith]] in western [[Arkansas]], who is a [[Republican Party|Republican]] former state representative.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.mylife.com/stephanie-malone/stephaniemalone1?valid=true&amp;amp;|title=Stephanie Malone|publisher=Mylife.com|accessdate=October 4, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Her District 77, which she represented from 2013 to 2015, is based in  Sebastian County. From 2009 to 2013, she represented House District 64, a position held by Republican John Payton.&amp;lt;ref name=maloneoffortsmith&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.arkansashouse.org/member/237/stephanie-malone|title=Stephanie Malone, R-77|publisher=arkansashouse.org|accessdate=January 5, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==Background==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A native of Rogers in Benton County, Malone graduated in 1996 from Rogers High School.&amp;lt;ref name=maloneoffortsmith/&amp;gt; In 2000, she obtained a bachelor's degree in [[Journalism]] from the [[University of Arkansas]] at Fayetteville. She is a [[Southern Baptist]].&amp;lt;ref name=votesmart&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://votesmart.org/candidate/biography/103788/stephanie-malone#.Usm3gZV3uZM|title=Stephanie Malone's Biography|publisher=votesmart.org|accessdate=October 4, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Since 2006, Malone has been the director of media buying for the company Advertising Plus, known as  e-magination.com. She is the marketing director for the Fort Chaffee Redevelopment Authority. Malone is further affiliated with the [[Chamber of Commerce]] and the Junior League of Fort Smith.&amp;lt;ref name=votesmart/&amp;gt; She is a member of Young Emerging Leaders.&amp;lt;ref name=maloneoffortsmith/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Political life==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2008, Malone was elected in House District  64 over a [[Democratic Party|Democrat]], Mike Bock of Fort Smith, 4,946 (54.9 percent) to 4,068 (45.1 percent), for the seat vacated  by the Republican Jim Medley.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sos.arkansas.gov/electionresults/index.php?ac:show:contest_statewide=1&amp;amp;elecid=181&amp;amp;contestid=128|title=State Representative, District 64|publisher=sos.arkansas.gov|accessdate=January 5, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;br /&gt;
In 2010, Malone was renominated in the Republican primary over Gary Campbell of Fort Smith, 1,404 (63.2 percent) to 816 (36.8 percent). She was then unopposed in the [[general election]] for her second term.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://ballotpedia.org/Arkansas_House_of_Representatives_elections,_2010|title=District 64|publisher=ballotpedia.org|accessdate=January 5, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
In 2012, Malone was switched to House District 77, which had been represented by the term-limited Democrat Charolette Douglas. In the general election, she defeated Democrat Doris Tate, 5,756 (57.2 percent) to 4,308 (42.8 percent).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://ballotpedia.org/Arkansas_House_of_Representatives_elections,_2012|title=District 77|publisher=ballotpedia.org|accessdate=January 5, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Malone served as the chairman of the House Rules Committee and sat on these panels as well: (1) Budget, (2) Insurance and Commerce, and (3) Public Health, Welfare and Labor.&amp;lt;ref name=votesmart/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Representative Malone in 2013 joined the majority to override the [[veto]]es of Democratic Governor [[Mike Beebe]] to enact legislation to require photo identification for casting a ballot in Arkansas and to ban [[abortion]] after twenty weeks of [[gestation]]. Malone supported or co-sponsored related [[pro-life]] legislation to ban abortion whenever fetal heartbeat is detected, to forbid the inclusion of abortion in the state insurance exchange, and to make the death of an unborn child a [[felony]] in certain cases. She co-sponsored a spending cap in the state budget, but the measure failed to gain approval by two votes in the House. Malone backed the bill to empower university officials to engage in concealed carry of firearms in the name of campus safety. Similarly, she co-sponsored legislation to allow officials in churches and religious institutions to be armed with concealed weapons. She voted to prohibit the governor from regulating firearms in an emergency. Malone supported legislation to make the office of prosecuting attorney in Arkansas non-partisan. She did not vote on the bill, signed by then Governor Beebe, to permit the sale of up to five hundred gallons per month of [[pasteurization|unpasteurized]] whole milk directly from the farm to consumers. She voted against a failed proposal to prohibit the closure of schools based on declining enrollments over a two-year period. She voted for the tiered system of lottery-funded scholarships.&amp;lt;ref name=votingrecords/&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
In 2011, Malone in District 64 opposed dress codes for public schools. She backed curriculum standards for [[Bible]] instruction in public schools. She voted for the Capital Gains Reduction Act and for a tax reduction on manufacturers' utilities. She voted to administer driver's license tests only in the [[English language]]. She voted against the prohibition of [[cell phone]] use in school zones. Malone voted against the congressional [[redistricting]] bill.&amp;lt;ref name=votingrecords&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://votesmart.org/candidate/key-votes/103788/stephanie-malone#.UsnazpV3uZM|title=Stephanie Malone's Voting Records|publisher=votesmart.org|accessdate=January 5, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
In 2009, Malone voted against an increase in the state [[minimum wage]] and opposed as well the expansion of eligibility for the children's health insurance program. She voted in the minority against a measure to make failure to use a seat belt a primary offense. She voted to allow unlicensed assistants to perform simple medical procedures. Malone opposed a bill seeking to manipulate the [[electoral college]] to obtain direct popular election of the [[U.S. President]].&amp;lt;ref name=votingrecords/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Malone was term-limited after three two-year terms and was succeeded in the House by her fellow Republican, Justin Boyd, a [[pharmacist]] in Alma who resides in Fort Smith. &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Malone, Stephanie}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Arkansas]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Women]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Journalists]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Business People]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Politicians]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Republicans]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Southern Baptists]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=J._E._Keeny&amp;diff=1692247</id>
		<title>J. E. Keeny</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=J._E._Keeny&amp;diff=1692247"/>
		<updated>2020-10-04T15:43:08Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: restore&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox officeholder&lt;br /&gt;
| name=John Ephraim &amp;quot;J. E.&amp;quot; Keeny​&lt;br /&gt;
| image=John E. Keeny of LA,jpg &lt;br /&gt;
| office=6th President of [[Louisiana Tech University]] in [[Ruston, Louisiana|Ruston]]​&lt;br /&gt;
| term_start=1908​&lt;br /&gt;
| term_end=1926​&lt;br /&gt;
| preceded=[[Clifton Ellis Byrd]], Sr.&lt;br /&gt;
| succeeded=John R. Conniff​&lt;br /&gt;
| birth_date =December 24, 1860&lt;br /&gt;
| birth_place=Carlisle, Cumberland County&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Pennsylvania]], [[United States|USA]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Former resident of ​&lt;br /&gt;
Newton, [[Kansas]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;​&lt;br /&gt;
[[Lake Charles]], Louisiana&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;​&lt;br /&gt;
[[Natchitoches, Louisiana]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;​&lt;br /&gt;
Ruston, Louisiana&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;​&lt;br /&gt;
[[Alexandria, Louisiana]]​&lt;br /&gt;
| death_place=[[Pineville, Louisiana|Pineville]], Rapides Parish,&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Louisiana]] ​&lt;br /&gt;
| death_date=October 1, 1939 (aged 78)​&lt;br /&gt;
|spouse=Prudence Keeny (married 1885)​&lt;br /&gt;
| children=Pearl Keeny ___&lt;br /&gt;
Roy Keeny ​&lt;br /&gt;
| alma_mater=Shippensburg University​&lt;br /&gt;
Juniata College&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;​&lt;br /&gt;
Ohio Northern University​}}&lt;br /&gt;
​&lt;br /&gt;
'''John Ephraim Keeny''', known as '''J. E. Keeny''' (December 24, 1860 &amp;amp;ndash; October 1, 1939), was a pioneer [[educator]] who served from 1908 to 1926 as the sixth president of [[Louisiana Tech University]] in [[Ruston, Louisiana|Ruston]], [[Louisiana]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Background==&lt;br /&gt;
​&lt;br /&gt;
Keeny was born in Carlisle in Cumberland County in south central [[Pennsylvania]] to J. G. Keeny and the former Lyndia Sollenbarger, He was reared and educated in his early years in Boiling Springs, also also in Cumberland County. He attended Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania, then known as State Normal College, located near the capital city of [[Harrisburg]]. He also for a time attended the Brethren's Normal College for Teacher Training, since known as Juniata College in Huntingdon, Pennsylvania. Keeny also attended Ohio Northern University, now a [[United Methodist]] institution in Ada, [[Ohio]], at which he studied music. His biographical sketch does not list the degrees earned or the dates, only the institutions attended.&amp;lt;ref name=lahist&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.lahistory.org/resources/dictionary-louisiana-biography/dictionary-louisiana-biography-k/|title=Keeny, John Ephraim|publisher=Louisiana Historical Association:  ''A Dictionary of Louisiana Biography'' (lahistory.org)|accessdate=January 28, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;''A Dictionary of Louisiana Biography'' bases this article on Rodney Cline, ''Builders of Louisiana Education'' (1963).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;​&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1885, Keeny married Prudence Keedy &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;It is unclear if Mrs. Keeny's maiden name was &amp;quot;Keedy&amp;quot; or if &amp;quot;Keedy&amp;quot; is misspelled here, probably the latter. If so, the maiden name is not given.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of [[Maryland]]. They had two children, Pearl (born 1887) and Roy (born 1889). In 1886, Keeny operated a mercantile store in Newton in Harvey County in central [[Kansas]]. He then sold school supplies in [[Illinois]].&amp;lt;ref name=lahist/&amp;gt;​&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Louisiana educator==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Between 1889 and 1900, Keeny was the principal of various schools in [[Lake Charles]], [[Monroe, Louisiana|Monroe]], and New Iberia, Louisiana. It is unclear what prompted his relocation from Illinois to Louisiana. As a principal, Keeny conducted in-service programs in an effort to improve the skills of teachers. Keeny and the Louisiana historian [[Henry E. Chambers]] of [[New Orleans]] were promoters of the traveling Chaut, headquartered in upstate [[New York]].&amp;lt;ref name=lahist/&amp;gt; Another Chautauqua booster in Louisiana was Thomas Duckett Boyd, the president of [[Louisiana State University]] from 1896 to 1926.&amp;lt;ref name=tdboyd&amp;gt;{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Z5YNz-kNZgsC&amp;amp;pg=PA156&amp;amp;lpg=PA156&amp;amp;dq=Thomas+Duckett+Boyd+of+Baton+Rouge&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=_2B-h6CDqp&amp;amp;sig=6aJzAqSb4dDU81aq11sk-vxOAjI&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ei=_MVJVKrTCI2zyASLioGQBg&amp;amp;ved=0CCgQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=Thomas%20Duckett%20Boyd%20of%20Baton%20Rouge&amp;amp;f=false|title=Biographical Dictionary of American Educators, Vol. I: Thomas Duckett Boyd|author=John F. Ohles, ed.|publisher=Greenwood Publishers|location=Westport, [[Connecticut]]|year=1978|page=156|isbn=0-8371-9893-3|accessdate=January 28, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;​&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1900, Keeny was appointed to the faculty of [[Northwestern State University]] in [[Natchitoches, Louisiana|Natchitoches]], Louisiana;  his biographical sketch does not give his field of specialization. In 1904, he was appointed to a state position to promote the improvement of qualifications for Louisiana teachers.,&amp;lt;ref name=lahist/&amp;gt; an issue also important to Boyd, who was the NSU president from 1888 to 1896&amp;lt;ref name=tdboyd/&amp;gt; In 1908, he succeeded [[Clifton Ellis Byrd]], Sr.), the namesake of the first publich high school in [[Shreveport]], as the president of Louisiana Industrial Institute, which had been established in 1894 in Ruston. It was renamed in 1921 as Louisiana Polytechnic Institute and in 1970 as the current Louisiana Tech University. Keeny improved standards for the institution, which he served until 1926, when he became president of Baptist Hospital (later Rapides General Hospital) in [[Alexandria, Louisiana|Alexandria]], Louisiana. In his last years, he sustained business reverses. In 1938, he was named president emeritus of Louisiana Tech.&amp;lt;ref name=lahist/&amp;gt;​&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Death and legacy==&lt;br /&gt;
​&lt;br /&gt;
Keeny died in [[Pineville, Louisiana|Pineville]] in Rapides Parish across the Red River from Alexandria.&amp;lt;ref name=lahist/&amp;gt; Keeny Hall, the administration building for Louisiana Tech, is named in his honor.&amp;lt;ref name=lahist/&amp;gt; It was formerly called Leche Hall but renamed for Keeny because of scandals in the administration of its previous namesake, [[Governor]] Richard Webster Leche of New Orleans. The administration building was completed during the term of president [[E. S. Richardson]], namesake of another campus building.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}​&lt;br /&gt;
​​&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Keeny, John}}​&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Louisiana People]]​&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Pennsylvania]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Illinois]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Kansas]]​&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Professors]]​&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Educators]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Business People]]​&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Thomas_Duckett_Boyd&amp;diff=1692246</id>
		<title>Thomas Duckett Boyd</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Thomas_Duckett_Boyd&amp;diff=1692246"/>
		<updated>2020-10-04T15:42:20Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: restore&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox person&lt;br /&gt;
| name=Thomas Duckett Boyd, Sr.&lt;br /&gt;
| image=Thomas Duckett Boyd of LA.jpg &lt;br /&gt;
| caption= Boyd as LSU president after 1900&lt;br /&gt;
| birth_date=January 20, 1854&lt;br /&gt;
| birth_place=Wytheville, Wythe County&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Virginia]], USA&lt;br /&gt;
| death_date=November 2, 1932 (aged) 78)&lt;br /&gt;
| death_place=[[Baton Rouge]], [[Louisiana]]&lt;br /&gt;
| resting_place=Magnolia Cemetery in [[Baton Rouge]]&lt;br /&gt;
| occupation=Educator&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
President of [[Northwestern State University]] at [[Natchitoches, Louisiana|Natchitoches]], Louisiana&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
President of [[Louisiana State University]] at Baton Rouge&lt;br /&gt;
| nationality=[[United States|American]]&lt;br /&gt;
|alma_mater=[[Louisiana State University]]&lt;br /&gt;
| spouse=Annie Foules Fuqua Boyd (married, 1882-1931, her death)&lt;br /&gt;
'''Children''':&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Thomas Boyd, Jr.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
David French Boyd&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Jeannette Foules Boyd&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Minerva French Boyd Howell&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Henry Cecil Boyd &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''Parents''':&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Thomas J. and Minerva A. French Boyd&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
'''Relatives''':&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
David French Boyd (brother)}}&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
'''Thomas Duckett Boyd, Sr.''' (January 20, 1854 &amp;amp;ndash; November 2, 1932), was an [[United States|American]] [[educator]] who was from 1896 to 1926 the president of [[Louisiana State University]] in the capital icty of [[Baton Rouge]], [[Louisiana]]. Earlier, from 1888 to 1896, he headed [[Northwestern State University]], then known as Louisiana Normal, a teacher-training institute in [[Natchitoches, Louisiana|Natchitoches]].&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==Biography==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Boyd was born in Wytheville in Wyeth County in southwestern [[Virginia]], a son of Thomas J. Boyd and the former Minerva A. French. He was privately educated at the Howard Shriver school in Wytheville and in 1872 received his bachelor's  degrees from LSU. After a year of legal studies, he was named in 1874 adjunct professor of mathematics at LSU. In 1875, he was elected Commandant of Cadets by the LSU Board of Supervisors. He was a professor of [[English language|English]] and later [[history]] and English literature. He was an interim LSU president in 1886, two years before he relocated to Natchitoches to head Northwestern State University. He returned to LSU as president in 1896 and remained in that position for the remaining thirty years of his long academic career.&amp;lt;ref name=bio&amp;gt;{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Z5YNz-kNZgsC&amp;amp;pg=PA156&amp;amp;lpg=PA156&amp;amp;dq=Thomas+Duckett+Boyd+of+Baton+Rouge&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=_2B-h6CDqp&amp;amp;sig=6aJzAqSb4dDU81aq11sk-vxOAjI&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ei=_MVJVKrTCI2zyASLioGQBg&amp;amp;ved=0CCgQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=Thomas%20Duckett%20Boyd%20of%20Baton%20Rouge&amp;amp;f=false|title=Biographical Dictionary of American Educators, Vol. I|author=John F. Ohles, ed.|publisher=Greenwood Publishers|location=Westport, [[Connecticut]]|year=1978|page=156|isbn=0-8371-9893-3|accessdate=October 24, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At LSU, Boyd created the LSU Law Center and the Department of Education. He reorganized departments into colleges and supported agricultural programs. He arranged for permanent university funding through taxation. In 1904, he opened LSU to women. To encourage professional educators and based on his experiences at Northwestern State University, he organized teacher training institutes. He worked for successful passage of legislation guaranteeing public schools a stream of state funding.&amp;lt;ref name=bio/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Boyd was a founder of the Louisiana Chautauqua, an educational lecture series, also supported by such figures as the historian [[Henry E. Chambers]] and [[J. S. Keeny]], the early 20th century  president of [[Louisiana Tech University]] in [[Ruston, Louisiana|Ruston]]. From 1919 to 1920, Boyd was the president of the National Association of State Universities. From 1921 to 1922, he headed the National Association of Land Grant Colleges. He was an organizer of the Louisiana Education Association. Boyd received an honorary degree from [[Tulane University]] in [[New Orleans]].&amp;lt;ref name=bio/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Boyd's time as LSU president paralleled the peak of the post-[[American Civil War|Civil War]] of the Lost Cause of the[[Confederate States of America|Confederacy. Boyd's older brother, David French Boyd, was a Confederate officer who had served on the original LSU faculty when the school was based in [[Pineville, Louisiana|Pineville]] in Rapides Parish in Central Louisiana and under the first LSU president and subsequent [[Union Army]] [[General]] [[William Tecumseh Sherman]]. David Boyd was the first LSU president at the time his brother Thomas began his own long-term association with the institution.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Since its creation in 1953, the Boyd Professorship at LSU, named for both David French Boyd and Thomas Duckett Boyd, has honored scholars in various fields of study.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://ref-raff.wikispaces.com/Louisiana+-+LSU+-+Boyd+Professors|title=Louisiana - LSU - Boyd professors|publisher=wikispaces.com|accessdate=October 23, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; After Thomas Boyd's presidency, the Boyd Professor of History T. Harry Williams(1909-1979) did much to debunk the premises and defenders of The Lost Cause.&amp;lt;ref name=hbmcsween&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.vqronline.org/articles/2000/autumn/mcsween-t-harry-williams/|author=Harold B. McSween|title=T. Harry Williams: A Remembrance|publisher=''Virginia Quarterly Review: A National Journal of Literature &amp;amp; Discussion''|accessdate=July 13, 2009}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1882, Boyd wed the former Annie Foules Fuqua of Baton Rouge, and the couple had five children: Thomas Duckett Boyd, Jr. (1882-1964), David French Boyd, II (1884-1885), Jeannette Foules Boyd (1886-1887), Minerva French Boyd Howell (1888-1973), and Henry Cecil Boyd (1895-1914), only two of whom lived past the age of twenty.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Thomas Duckett Boyd&amp;quot;, ''Who's Who in the World, 1912&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.worldcat.org/title/thomas-duckett-boyd-family-papers-1860-1966/oclc/247539519|title=Thomas Duckett Boyd family papers, 1860-1966|publisher=worldcat.org|accessdate=October 24, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; At the time of his death, Boyd was the LSU president-[[emeritus]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9404E2DF1E31E333A25750C0A9679D946394D6CF|title=THOMAS DUCKETT BOYD.; President-Emeritus of Louisiana State University Dies at 78|publisher=''[[The New York Times]]''|date=November 3, 1932|page=24 of Amusements/Art|accessdate=October 23, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Mrs. Boyd died a year and a half before the passing of her husband in Baton Rouge. The Boyds and all of their children are interred at Magnolia Cemetery in Baton Rouge.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&amp;amp;GRid=58176446|title=Col. Thomas Duckett Boyd, Sr.|publisher=findagrave.com|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
In 1935, Marcus Manley Wilkerson published through the LSU Press ''Thomas Duckett Boyd: The Story of a Southern Educator.''&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books/about/Thomas_Duckett_Boyd.html?id=PJhDAAAAIAAJ|title=Thomas Duckett Boyd: The Story of a Southern Educator|publisher=[[Louisiana State University Press]]|location=[[Baton Rouge, Louisiana]]|date=1935|pages=374|accessdate=October 24, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Thomas D. Boyd Hall, the LSU administrative building, is named in his honor.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://foursquare.com/v/lsu--thomas-d-boyd-hall/4b990b39f964a520a05d35e3|title=LSU - Thomas D. Boyd Hall|publisher=foursquare.com|accessdate=October 23, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Boyd, Thomas Duckett}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Louisiana People]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Virginia]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Educators]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Historians]]&lt;br /&gt;
[&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Brussels_Airport&amp;diff=1692245</id>
		<title>Brussels Airport</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Brussels_Airport&amp;diff=1692245"/>
		<updated>2020-10-04T15:40:00Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: restore&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Brussels Airport''' is an international [[airport]] located in [[Zaventem]], [[Belgium]]. Its IATA airport code is BRU, and its ICAO airport code is EBBR.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The airport is the main base of [[Brussels Airlines]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== External links ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.brusselsairport.be/en Brussels Airport Website]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Belgian Airports]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Nostra_sponte&amp;diff=1692244</id>
		<title>Nostra sponte</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Nostra_sponte&amp;diff=1692244"/>
		<updated>2020-10-04T15:39:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: restore&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The term '''''nostra sponte''''' refers to a panel of [[judge]]s acting on its own [[motion]], rather than upon a motion or argument by the [[Party|parties]].  It is the plural form of the more familiar term ''[[sua sponte]]'', which is [[Latin]] for ''of its own will''.&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Legal Terms]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Critical_race_theory&amp;diff=1692243</id>
		<title>Critical race theory</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Critical_race_theory&amp;diff=1692243"/>
		<updated>2020-10-04T15:37:46Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: restore&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:White privilege.jpeg|right}250px|thumb|A [[white privilege]]d [[middle class]] female confronts an [[African American]] police officer: &amp;quot;They're part of the problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://youtu.be/1hSmeFzCkUs&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Critical race theory''' ('''CRT''') is a [[Postmodernist]] construct based on [[Critical theory]] that teaches that race is not [[genetic]].  Instead, race is a social construct and a basis for political struggles in the fight for racial justice.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Critical race theory provided the foundation for claims that the [[Founding Fathers]] are &amp;quot;[[racist]].&amp;quot;  Critical race theory was devised by Derrick Bell, [[Barack Obama]]’s favorite Harvard professor, in the early 1980s.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Fernando, Ivan (November 18, 2013). [http://diversitychronicle.wordpress.com/2013/11/18/progressive-professor-urges-white-male-students-to-commit-suicide-during-class/ &amp;quot;Progressive professor urges white male students to commit suicide during class&amp;quot;]. Diversity Chronicle website.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; CRT exemplifies [[Lenin]]’s strategy as applied to race.  According to [[Discover the Networks]]:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox-float|Critical race theory contends that America is permanently racist to its core, and that consequently the nation’s legal structures are, by definition, racist and invalid … members of “oppressed” racial groups are entitled—in fact obligated—to determine for themselves which laws and traditions have merit and are worth observing. …}}&lt;br /&gt;
Bell’s theory is in turn an innovation of [[Critical Theory]], which was developed by Marxist thinkers of the [[Frankfurt School]] in Frankfurt, Germany, in 1923. The Institute’s left-wing scholars fled Hitler’s Germany in the 1930s, relocating to [[Columbia University]] in New York. Critical Theory teaches a view that all aspects of Western society are discredited, and this view forms the foundation of what we know today as [[political correctness]]. One of its most famous purveyors was the Frankfurt School’s [[Herbert Marcuse]], longtime associate of the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]]’s [[Julian Bond]]. Marcuse invented the concept of “partisan tolerance,” that is, [[tolerance]] for leftist ideas and [[intolerance]] of all others. The Southern Poverty Law Center applied Marcuse’s strategy in developing its “Hate Watch” list, and ''[[Rules for Radicals]]'' author [[Saul Alinsky]] used it in his own life’s work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Criticism==&lt;br /&gt;
Peter M. Burfeind writes,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://thefederalist.com/2020/09/24/why-black-lives-matter-only-empowers-racist-white-leftists/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox|[[Black Lives Matter]] is the operational arm of “critical race theory,” the [[postmodern]] philosophy of “critical theory” applied to race. Critical theory suffers an inescapable [[epistemology|epistemological]] conundrum. It’s the Liar’s Paradox: If a Cretan says all Cretans are liars, is he to be believed? [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So, who came up with critical theory? You got it: white men. Or do you not recognize in [[Immanuel Kant]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]], [[Michel Foucault]], Jean Baudrillard, Ferdinand de Saussure, George Herbert Mead, [[Noam Chomsky]], Hans-Georg Gadamer, [[Roland Barthes]], and [[Jacques Derrida]], a whiteness the lilies themselves would envy. Should we not add critical theory to the list of oppressive systems dead white men came up with to advance [[white supremacy |white power]]? [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to its own terms, critical race theory must be racist. Furthermore, Black Lives Matter, the political movement based on its theories, must also be racist—and not black racism, but white racism. At a deep, subconscious level, it serves the purpose of advancing and enhancing “white privilege.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How else do you explain rich white kids screeching venom at black [[police]] officers and business owners?&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://pjmedia.com/news-and-politics/tyler-o-neil/2020/06/23/watch-white-blm-protester-calls-black-cop-n-word-in-profane-tirade-n567409&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Or how else do you explain that the theorist who’s been most empowered by critical race theory is white author Robin DiAngelo?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ruminate on the sad indisputability of this statement for a moment: Something in the [[leftist]]s’ minds needs to keep minorities from finding [[hope]] and advancing in existent American “systems.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Meanwhile, of necessity by the terms of critical race theory, the flip side of this dynamic is going on. Leftists feel the [[new world order]] will advance their wills to power. Now, at the subconscious level, leftists don’t know they’re doing this. They may reject they’re doing this — because they have [[white fragility]]. Or, more accurately, they are projecting onto others what they themselves are.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They are truly the racists, as they always have been. And here’s sort of an obvious point: They’re telling everyone this now. This is exactly what they’re currently saying: “We’re all racist.” To which I say, “Speak for yourself, but interesting what you’re saying.” [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Who do you suppose will benefit most from that new regime of [[civil rights]] law? Sounds like a nice system if you’re an upper-middle-class white leftist. That’s because it is. It’s exactly as critical race theory proposes. “Whites gonna white,” says the theory, so how can the theory itself be anything other than the latest vehicle for whites to empower themselves?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The evidence bears this out. The left has had decades of power and control of our cities, [[academia]], and [[media]]. They’ve had ample opportunities to demonstrate the wonders of their ideas. Yet all we see is the [[systemic racism|perpetuation of the very things they decry]], while they gain more and more power.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For decades, we’ve been told all the [[violence]] and ugliness spawned by leftism are merely the birth pangs of a new system. Well, how long do you leftists need to give birth? Enough already! Give us a taste of the glories of the New World in your [[Democrat urban issues|urban microcosms]]!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Or maybe, as Maya Angelou said, “When someone shows you who he is, believe him.” Leftists are outing themselves as racists complicit in perpetuating systems of oppression. Maybe we should believe them. [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Perhaps an honest appraisal of critical race theory is in order, so we can liberate ourselves from the sticky epistemological tentacles of a nonsensical theory. Unfortunately, writ into the DNA of its axioms is the deconstruction of rational dialogue — that too, you see, is just another tool of white privilege. Leftism can’t have room for questions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We could extol what is by and large a just system for the advancement of anyone who applies himself and works hard — the American system. Individuals in that system could be spending their days in hope and personal achievement using the liberties available to them in this country. Or we could have a healthy discussion about race as it relates to traditional American principles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yet instead, we’ll just have to wait for the virus of critical race theory to work its [[nihilism|nihilistic]] destruction on the black community, while whites sit on the sidelines with their shut, masked mouths, on bended knee, advancing their privilege.}}&lt;br /&gt;
==Higher Education==&lt;br /&gt;
CRT has affected higher education in a number of ways,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/bridge/CriticalTheory/critical4.htm|title=Critical Race Theory|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and many critics claimed that higher education was the breeding ground for the theory prior to its spread into general society.  CRT has been developed and spread in a large number of academic papers, with journal editors showing a preference for analysis that promotes CRT relative to other theoretical frameworks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In terms of faculty hiring, under Title VII of the Civil Rights Law of 1964, discrimination on the basis of race in hiring and promotion is illegal, however CRT adherents advocated that color-blind hiring and promotion practices must be abandoned because of the inherent &amp;quot;institutional racism&amp;quot; embedded in traditional views of academic standards and quality.  Some universities reallocated budgets to create special minority hiring funds.  Under this arrangement, academic departments could use color-blind hiring as vacancies occurred, but that separate funding would be made available from the central fund for additional raced-based hiring.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Starting in the 1980s, campuses began to adopt &amp;quot;speech codes&amp;quot; seeking to limit student speech that black students would find hurtful without a corresponding limitation on speech that majority students would find hurtful.  CRT provided a rational for limiting traditional First Amendment rights of college students and staff.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In contrast with the 1960s, when the Civil Rights Movement fought to integrate campus housing, including fraternities and sororities, CRT has promoted &amp;quot;safe spaces&amp;quot; and segregated campus housing for minority students.&lt;br /&gt;
==Religion==&lt;br /&gt;
According to the [[Alabama]]-based '''Capstone Report''', Critical race theory has made its way into some of the [[Southern Baptist Convention]]'s (SBC) seminaries.  At its 2019 Annual Meeting, messengers to the SBC narrowly passed Resolution 9, which stated that CRT (along with [[intersectionality]], another controversial construct) could be &amp;quot;useful tools&amp;quot; in interpreting modern issues (though it pointed out that any such use not impinge on [[Biblical inerrancy]] or infallibility).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In response, a [[Conservative Baptist Network]] was formed in February 2020 to battle the spread of CRT within the SBC.  It is concerned that CRT has overwhelmed the proper Baptist emphasis on evangelism and spiritual renewal.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/conservative-baptist-network-launched-amid-woke-trend-in-sbc-emphasizing-scripture-evangelism.html|date=FEBRUARY 14, 2020|title=Conservative Baptist Network launched amid 'woke' trend in SBC, emphasizing Scripture, evangelism|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Theologian [[Tim Keller]] has noted: {{quotebox|The distinctly secular theory of justice locates evil in the wrong place, he added, seeing all injustice as occurring on a human level, demonizing human being instead of recognizing evil forces — &amp;quot;the world, the flesh, the devil&amp;quot; operating in every human being (Ephesians 6:12).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/critical-theory-is-not-biblical-justice-it-locates-evil-in-the-wrong-place-tim-keller-explains.html|title=Critical theory is not biblical justice, it locates evil in the wrong place: Tim Keller explains|date=August 13, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
==Law enforcement==&lt;br /&gt;
Under traditional theories, the goal of law enforcement was the adoption of clear rules of conduct and then enforcing those rules in a color-blind manner.  Because law enforcement officials have to make split-second decisions that could result in serious bodily harm or death, most states adopted qualified immunity statutes to protect individual law enforcement officers from liability for such injuries.  In contrast, CRT sees all events and interactions as involving race and the exercise of power to subjugate racial groups.  Accordingly, CRT justifies movements to &amp;quot;defund the police&amp;quot; and to repeal qualified immunity for law enforcement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Trump Administration==&lt;br /&gt;
On September 4, 2020, President Trump ordered federal executive branch departments to halt employee training based upon critical race theory.  Russ Vought, director of the Office of Management and Budget, wrote a memo announcing Trump's instruction to stop using controversial forms of training on “critical race theory,” “white privilege” and “any other training or propaganda effort that teaches or suggests either...that the United States is an inherently racist or evil country or...that any race or ethnicity is inherently racist or evil.”  Vought added, “These types of ‘trainings’ not only run counter to the fundamental beliefs for which our Nation has stood since its inception, but they also engender division and resentment within the Federal workforce.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-ends-critical-race-theory-training-federal-employees|title=Trump ends 'critical race theory' training for federal employees, calls it a 'sickness'|date=September 5, 2020|work=Fox News|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Vought's memo concludes:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox| The divisive, false, and demeaning propaganda of the critical race theory movement is&lt;br /&gt;
contrary to all we stand for as Americans and should have no place in the Federal government.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/M-20-34.pdf|title=MEMORANDUM FOR THE HEADS OF EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES M20-34|date=September 4, 2020|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On September 22, 2020, President Trump followed up with an Executive Order on &amp;quot;Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-combating-race-sex-stereotyping/|title=Executive Order on Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping&lt;br /&gt;
|date=September 22, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The Executive Order prohibits teaching CRT to the Uniformed Services or requiring members of the Uniformed Services from being sanctions for refusing agree with CRT.  All federal government contractors are prohibited from using CRT-based trainings.  Entities that receive federal grants are also prohibited.  The Executive Order recognizes the inconsistency between CRT and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.  The Attorney General must research how CRT could establish a hostile work environment prohibited by Title VII.&lt;br /&gt;
==Youth groups and organizations==&lt;br /&gt;
Following the death of [[George Floyd]], a nation-wide panic arose to &amp;quot;virtue signal&amp;quot; support for &amp;quot;racial justice&amp;quot; as defined through the lens of CRT.  For example, on June 15, 2020, the Boy Scouts of America Executive Committee issued a statement that redefined &amp;quot;Be Brave&amp;quot; as including being anti-racist.  {{quotebox|The Boy Scouts of America stands with Black families and the Black community because we believe that Black Lives Matter. This is not a political issue; it is a human rights issue and one we all have a duty to address.}} BSA will require each Eagle Scout to earn a new diversity and inclusion merit badge, and all BSA staff will be required to attend diversity training.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://scoutingwire.org/bsas-commitment-to-act-against-racial-injustice/|title=BSA’S COMMITMENT TO ACT AGAINST RACIAL INJUSTICE|date=June 15, 2020|accessdate=October 4, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2007, a Professor at the University of Waterloo published a research paper, &amp;quot;Ugly on the Diamonds: An Examination of White Privilege in Youth Baseball&amp;quot; which argued that there are elements of racism within the color-blind polices of the Little League.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01490400601160895?journalCode=ulsc20|first=Troy D. |last=Glover|date=January 30, 2007|title=Ugly on the Diamonds: An Examination of White Privilege in Youth Baseball}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Bibliography==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/147980276X/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl Delgado, Richard. Critical Race Theory, Third Edition. NYU Press. Kindle Edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1442216042/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl Thompson, Sherwood. Encyclopedia of Diversity and Social Justice. Rowman &amp;amp; Littlefield Publishers. Kindle Edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1634312023/ref=as_li_tl Pluckrose, Helen &amp;amp; James Lindsay, CYNICAL THEORIES: How Activist Scholarship Made Everything about Race, Gender, and Identity―and Why This Harms Everybody. Pitchstone Publishing.] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Critical legal studies]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[1619 Project]]&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://newdiscourses.com/tftw-critical-race-theory/ Social Justice Encyclopedia]&lt;br /&gt;
{{communism}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Postmodernism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Marxism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racism]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Critical_race_theory&amp;diff=1692232</id>
		<title>Critical race theory</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Critical_race_theory&amp;diff=1692232"/>
		<updated>2020-10-04T15:06:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: /* Youth groups and organizations */ typo&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:White privilege.jpeg|right}250px|thumb|A [[white privilege]]d [[middle class]] female confronts an [[African American]] police officer: &amp;quot;They're part of the problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://youtu.be/1hSmeFzCkUs&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Critical race theory''' ('''CRT''') is a [[Postmodernist]] construct based on [[Critical theory]] that teaches that race is not [[genetic]].  Instead, race is a social construct and a basis for political struggles in the fight for racial justice.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Critical race theory provided the foundation for claims that the [[Founding Fathers]] are &amp;quot;[[racist]].&amp;quot;  Critical race theory was devised by Derrick Bell, [[Barack Obama]]’s favorite Harvard professor, in the early 1980s.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Fernando, Ivan (November 18, 2013). [http://diversitychronicle.wordpress.com/2013/11/18/progressive-professor-urges-white-male-students-to-commit-suicide-during-class/ &amp;quot;Progressive professor urges white male students to commit suicide during class&amp;quot;]. Diversity Chronicle website.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; CRT exemplifies [[Lenin]]’s strategy as applied to race.  According to [[Discover the Networks]]:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox-float|Critical race theory contends that America is permanently racist to its core, and that consequently the nation’s legal structures are, by definition, racist and invalid … members of “oppressed” racial groups are entitled—in fact obligated—to determine for themselves which laws and traditions have merit and are worth observing. …}}&lt;br /&gt;
Bell’s theory is in turn an innovation of [[Critical Theory]], which was developed by Marxist thinkers of the [[Frankfurt School]] in Frankfurt, Germany, in 1923. The Institute’s left-wing scholars fled Hitler’s Germany in the 1930s, relocating to [[Columbia University]] in New York. Critical Theory teaches a view that all aspects of Western society are discredited, and this view forms the foundation of what we know today as [[political correctness]]. One of its most famous purveyors was the Frankfurt School’s [[Herbert Marcuse]], longtime associate of the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]]’s [[Julian Bond]]. Marcuse invented the concept of “partisan tolerance,” that is, [[tolerance]] for leftist ideas and [[intolerance]] of all others. The Southern Poverty Law Center applied Marcuse’s strategy in developing its “Hate Watch” list, and ''[[Rules for Radicals]]'' author [[Saul Alinsky]] used it in his own life’s work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Criticism==&lt;br /&gt;
Peter M. Burfeind writes,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://thefederalist.com/2020/09/24/why-black-lives-matter-only-empowers-racist-white-leftists/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox|[[Black Lives Matter]] is the operational arm of “critical race theory,” the [[postmodern]] philosophy of “critical theory” applied to race. Critical theory suffers an inescapable [[epistemology|epistemological]] conundrum. It’s the Liar’s Paradox: If a Cretan says all Cretans are liars, is he to be believed? [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So, who came up with critical theory? You got it: white men. Or do you not recognize in [[Immanuel Kant]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]], [[Michel Foucault]], Jean Baudrillard, Ferdinand de Saussure, George Herbert Mead, [[Noam Chomsky]], Hans-Georg Gadamer, [[Roland Barthes]], and [[Jacques Derrida]], a whiteness the lilies themselves would envy. Should we not add critical theory to the list of oppressive systems dead white men came up with to advance [[white supremacy |white power]]? [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to its own terms, critical race theory must be racist. Furthermore, Black Lives Matter, the political movement based on its theories, must also be racist—and not black racism, but white racism. At a deep, subconscious level, it serves the purpose of advancing and enhancing “white privilege.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How else do you explain rich white kids screeching venom at black [[police]] officers and business owners?&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://pjmedia.com/news-and-politics/tyler-o-neil/2020/06/23/watch-white-blm-protester-calls-black-cop-n-word-in-profane-tirade-n567409&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Or how else do you explain that the theorist who’s been most empowered by critical race theory is white author Robin DiAngelo?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ruminate on the sad indisputability of this statement for a moment: Something in the [[leftist]]s’ minds needs to keep minorities from finding [[hope]] and advancing in existent American “systems.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Meanwhile, of necessity by the terms of critical race theory, the flip side of this dynamic is going on. Leftists feel the [[new world order]] will advance their wills to power. Now, at the subconscious level, leftists don’t know they’re doing this. They may reject they’re doing this — because they have [[white fragility]]. Or, more accurately, they are projecting onto others what they themselves are.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They are truly the racists, as they always have been. And here’s sort of an obvious point: They’re telling everyone this now. This is exactly what they’re currently saying: “We’re all racist.” To which I say, “Speak for yourself, but interesting what you’re saying.” [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Who do you suppose will benefit most from that new regime of [[civil rights]] law? Sounds like a nice system if you’re an upper-middle-class white leftist. That’s because it is. It’s exactly as critical race theory proposes. “Whites gonna white,” says the theory, so how can the theory itself be anything other than the latest vehicle for whites to empower themselves?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The evidence bears this out. The left has had decades of power and control of our cities, [[academia]], and [[media]]. They’ve had ample opportunities to demonstrate the wonders of their ideas. Yet all we see is the [[systemic racism|perpetuation of the very things they decry]], while they gain more and more power.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For decades, we’ve been told all the [[violence]] and ugliness spawned by leftism are merely the birth pangs of a new system. Well, how long do you leftists need to give birth? Enough already! Give us a taste of the glories of the New World in your [[Democrat urban issues|urban microcosms]]!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Or maybe, as Maya Angelou said, “When someone shows you who he is, believe him.” Leftists are outing themselves as racists complicit in perpetuating systems of oppression. Maybe we should believe them. [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Perhaps an honest appraisal of critical race theory is in order, so we can liberate ourselves from the sticky epistemological tentacles of a nonsensical theory. Unfortunately, writ into the DNA of its axioms is the deconstruction of rational dialogue — that too, you see, is just another tool of white privilege. Leftism can’t have room for questions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We could extol what is by and large a just system for the advancement of anyone who applies himself and works hard — the American system. Individuals in that system could be spending their days in hope and personal achievement using the liberties available to them in this country. Or we could have a healthy discussion about race as it relates to traditional American principles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yet instead, we’ll just have to wait for the virus of critical race theory to work its [[nihilism|nihilistic]] destruction on the black community, while whites sit on the sidelines with their shut, masked mouths, on bended knee, advancing their privilege.}}&lt;br /&gt;
==Higher Education==&lt;br /&gt;
CRT has affected higher education in a number of ways,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/bridge/CriticalTheory/critical4.htm|title=Critical Race Theory|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and many critics claimed that higher education was the breeding ground for the theory prior to its spread into general society.  CRT has been developed and spread in a large number of academic papers, with journal editors showing a preference for analysis that promotes CRT relative to other theoretical frameworks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In terms of faculty hiring, under Title VII of the Civil Rights Law of 1964, discrimination on the basis of race in hiring and promotion is illegal, however CRT adherents advocated that color-blind hiring and promotion practices must be abandoned because of the inherent &amp;quot;institutional racism&amp;quot; embedded in traditional views of academic standards and quality.  Some universities reallocated budgets to create special minority hiring funds.  Under this arrangement, academic departments could use color-blind hiring as vacancies occurred, but that separate funding would be made available from the central fund for additional raced-based hiring.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Starting in the 1980s, campuses began to adopt &amp;quot;speech codes&amp;quot; seeking to limit student speech that black students would find hurtful without a corresponding limitation on speech that majority students would find hurtful.  CRT provided a rational for limiting traditional First Amendment rights of college students and staff.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In contrast with the 1960s, when the Civil Rights Movement fought to integrate campus housing, including fraternities and sororities, CRT has promoted &amp;quot;safe spaces&amp;quot; and segregated campus housing for minority students.&lt;br /&gt;
==Religion==&lt;br /&gt;
According to the [[Alabama]]-based '''Capstone Report''', Critical race theory has made its way into some of the [[Southern Baptist Convention]]'s (SBC) seminaries.  At its 2019 Annual Meeting, messengers to the SBC narrowly passed Resolution 9, which stated that CRT (along with [[intersectionality]], another controversial construct) could be &amp;quot;useful tools&amp;quot; in interpreting modern issues (though it pointed out that any such use not impinge on [[Biblical inerrancy]] or infallibility).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In response, a [[Conservative Baptist Network]] was formed in February 2020 to battle the spread of CRT within the SBC.  It is concerned that CRT has overwhelmed the proper Baptist emphasis on evangelism and spiritual renewal.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/conservative-baptist-network-launched-amid-woke-trend-in-sbc-emphasizing-scripture-evangelism.html|date=FEBRUARY 14, 2020|title=Conservative Baptist Network launched amid 'woke' trend in SBC, emphasizing Scripture, evangelism|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Theologian [[Tim Keller]] has noted: {{quotebox|The distinctly secular theory of justice locates evil in the wrong place, he added, seeing all injustice as occurring on a human level, demonizing human being instead of recognizing evil forces — &amp;quot;the world, the flesh, the devil&amp;quot; operating in every human being (Ephesians 6:12).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/critical-theory-is-not-biblical-justice-it-locates-evil-in-the-wrong-place-tim-keller-explains.html|title=Critical theory is not biblical justice, it locates evil in the wrong place: Tim Keller explains|date=August 13, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
==Law enforcement==&lt;br /&gt;
Under traditional theories, the goal of law enforcement was the adoption of clear rules of conduct and then enforcing those rules in a color-blind manner.  Because law enforcement officials have to make split-second decisions that could result in serious bodily harm or death, most states adopted qualified immunity statutes to protect individual law enforcement officers from liability for such injuries.  In contrast, CRT sees all events and interactions as involving race and the exercise of power to subjugate racial groups.  Accordingly, CRT justifies movements to &amp;quot;defund the police&amp;quot; and to repeal qualified immunity for law enforcement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Trump Administration==&lt;br /&gt;
On September 4, 2020, President Trump ordered federal executive branch departments to halt employee training based upon critical race theory.  Russ Vought, director of the Office of Management and Budget, wrote a memo announcing Trump's instruction to stop using controversial forms of training on “critical race theory,” “white privilege” and “any other training or propaganda effort that teaches or suggests either...that the United States is an inherently racist or evil country or...that any race or ethnicity is inherently racist or evil.”  Vought added, “These types of ‘trainings’ not only run counter to the fundamental beliefs for which our Nation has stood since its inception, but they also engender division and resentment within the Federal workforce.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-ends-critical-race-theory-training-federal-employees|title=Trump ends 'critical race theory' training for federal employees, calls it a 'sickness'|date=September 5, 2020|work=Fox News|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Vought's memo concludes:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox| The divisive, false, and demeaning propaganda of the critical race theory movement is&lt;br /&gt;
contrary to all we stand for as Americans and should have no place in the Federal government.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/M-20-34.pdf|title=MEMORANDUM FOR THE HEADS OF EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES M20-34|date=September 4, 2020|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On September 22, 2020, President Trump followed up with an Executive Order on &amp;quot;Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-combating-race-sex-stereotyping/|title=Executive Order on Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping&lt;br /&gt;
|date=September 22, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The Executive Order prohibits teaching CRT to the Uniformed Services or requiring members of the Uniformed Services from being sanctions for refusing agree with CRT.  All federal government contractors are prohibited from using CRT-based trainings.  Entities that receive federal grants are also prohibited.  The Executive Order recognizes the inconsistency between CRT and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.  The Attorney General must research how CRT could establish a hostile work environment prohibited by Title VII.&lt;br /&gt;
==Youth groups and organizations==&lt;br /&gt;
Following the death of [[George Floyd]], a nation-wide panic arose to &amp;quot;virtue signal&amp;quot; support for &amp;quot;racial justice&amp;quot; as defined through the lens of CRT.  For example, on June 15, 2020, the Boy Scouts of America Executive Committee issued a statement that redefined &amp;quot;Be Brave&amp;quot; as including being anti-racist.  {{quotebox|The Boy Scouts of America stands with Black families and the Black community because we believe that Black Lives Matter. This is not a political issue; it is a human rights issue and one we all have a duty to address.}} BSA will require each Eagle Scout to earn a new diversity and inclusion merit badge, and all BSA staff will be required to attend diversity training.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://scoutingwire.org/bsas-commitment-to-act-against-racial-injustice/|title=BSA’S COMMITMENT TO ACT AGAINST RACIAL INJUSTICE|date=June 15, 2020|accessdate=October 4, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2007, a Professor at the University of Waterloo published a research paper, &amp;quot;Ugly on the Diamonds: An Examination of White Privilege in Youth Baseball&amp;quot; which argued that there are elements of racism within the color-blind polices of the Little League.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01490400601160895?journalCode=ulsc20|first=Troy D. |last=Glover|date=January 30, 2007|title=Ugly on the Diamonds: An Examination of White Privilege in Youth Baseball}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Bibliography==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/147980276X/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl Delgado, Richard. Critical Race Theory, Third Edition. NYU Press. Kindle Edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1442216042/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl Thompson, Sherwood. Encyclopedia of Diversity and Social Justice. Rowman &amp;amp; Littlefield Publishers. Kindle Edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1634312023/ref=as_li_tl Pluckrose, Helen &amp;amp; James Lindsay, CYNICAL THEORIES: How Activist Scholarship Made Everything about Race, Gender, and Identity―and Why This Harms Everybody. Pitchstone Publishing.] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Critical legal studies]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[1619 Project]]&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://newdiscourses.com/tftw-critical-race-theory/ Social Justice Encyclopedia]&lt;br /&gt;
{{communism}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Postmodernism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Marxism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racism]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Critical_race_theory&amp;diff=1692231</id>
		<title>Critical race theory</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Critical_race_theory&amp;diff=1692231"/>
		<updated>2020-10-04T15:05:06Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: youth groups&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:White privilege.jpeg|right}250px|thumb|A [[white privilege]]d [[middle class]] female confronts an [[African American]] police officer: &amp;quot;They're part of the problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://youtu.be/1hSmeFzCkUs&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Critical race theory''' ('''CRT''') is a [[Postmodernist]] construct based on [[Critical theory]] that teaches that race is not [[genetic]].  Instead, race is a social construct and a basis for political struggles in the fight for racial justice.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Critical race theory provided the foundation for claims that the [[Founding Fathers]] are &amp;quot;[[racist]].&amp;quot;  Critical race theory was devised by Derrick Bell, [[Barack Obama]]’s favorite Harvard professor, in the early 1980s.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Fernando, Ivan (November 18, 2013). [http://diversitychronicle.wordpress.com/2013/11/18/progressive-professor-urges-white-male-students-to-commit-suicide-during-class/ &amp;quot;Progressive professor urges white male students to commit suicide during class&amp;quot;]. Diversity Chronicle website.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; CRT exemplifies [[Lenin]]’s strategy as applied to race.  According to [[Discover the Networks]]:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox-float|Critical race theory contends that America is permanently racist to its core, and that consequently the nation’s legal structures are, by definition, racist and invalid … members of “oppressed” racial groups are entitled—in fact obligated—to determine for themselves which laws and traditions have merit and are worth observing. …}}&lt;br /&gt;
Bell’s theory is in turn an innovation of [[Critical Theory]], which was developed by Marxist thinkers of the [[Frankfurt School]] in Frankfurt, Germany, in 1923. The Institute’s left-wing scholars fled Hitler’s Germany in the 1930s, relocating to [[Columbia University]] in New York. Critical Theory teaches a view that all aspects of Western society are discredited, and this view forms the foundation of what we know today as [[political correctness]]. One of its most famous purveyors was the Frankfurt School’s [[Herbert Marcuse]], longtime associate of the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]]’s [[Julian Bond]]. Marcuse invented the concept of “partisan tolerance,” that is, [[tolerance]] for leftist ideas and [[intolerance]] of all others. The Southern Poverty Law Center applied Marcuse’s strategy in developing its “Hate Watch” list, and ''[[Rules for Radicals]]'' author [[Saul Alinsky]] used it in his own life’s work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Criticism==&lt;br /&gt;
Peter M. Burfeind writes,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://thefederalist.com/2020/09/24/why-black-lives-matter-only-empowers-racist-white-leftists/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox|[[Black Lives Matter]] is the operational arm of “critical race theory,” the [[postmodern]] philosophy of “critical theory” applied to race. Critical theory suffers an inescapable [[epistemology|epistemological]] conundrum. It’s the Liar’s Paradox: If a Cretan says all Cretans are liars, is he to be believed? [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So, who came up with critical theory? You got it: white men. Or do you not recognize in [[Immanuel Kant]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]], [[Michel Foucault]], Jean Baudrillard, Ferdinand de Saussure, George Herbert Mead, [[Noam Chomsky]], Hans-Georg Gadamer, [[Roland Barthes]], and [[Jacques Derrida]], a whiteness the lilies themselves would envy. Should we not add critical theory to the list of oppressive systems dead white men came up with to advance [[white supremacy |white power]]? [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to its own terms, critical race theory must be racist. Furthermore, Black Lives Matter, the political movement based on its theories, must also be racist—and not black racism, but white racism. At a deep, subconscious level, it serves the purpose of advancing and enhancing “white privilege.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How else do you explain rich white kids screeching venom at black [[police]] officers and business owners?&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://pjmedia.com/news-and-politics/tyler-o-neil/2020/06/23/watch-white-blm-protester-calls-black-cop-n-word-in-profane-tirade-n567409&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Or how else do you explain that the theorist who’s been most empowered by critical race theory is white author Robin DiAngelo?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ruminate on the sad indisputability of this statement for a moment: Something in the [[leftist]]s’ minds needs to keep minorities from finding [[hope]] and advancing in existent American “systems.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Meanwhile, of necessity by the terms of critical race theory, the flip side of this dynamic is going on. Leftists feel the [[new world order]] will advance their wills to power. Now, at the subconscious level, leftists don’t know they’re doing this. They may reject they’re doing this — because they have [[white fragility]]. Or, more accurately, they are projecting onto others what they themselves are.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They are truly the racists, as they always have been. And here’s sort of an obvious point: They’re telling everyone this now. This is exactly what they’re currently saying: “We’re all racist.” To which I say, “Speak for yourself, but interesting what you’re saying.” [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Who do you suppose will benefit most from that new regime of [[civil rights]] law? Sounds like a nice system if you’re an upper-middle-class white leftist. That’s because it is. It’s exactly as critical race theory proposes. “Whites gonna white,” says the theory, so how can the theory itself be anything other than the latest vehicle for whites to empower themselves?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The evidence bears this out. The left has had decades of power and control of our cities, [[academia]], and [[media]]. They’ve had ample opportunities to demonstrate the wonders of their ideas. Yet all we see is the [[systemic racism|perpetuation of the very things they decry]], while they gain more and more power.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For decades, we’ve been told all the [[violence]] and ugliness spawned by leftism are merely the birth pangs of a new system. Well, how long do you leftists need to give birth? Enough already! Give us a taste of the glories of the New World in your [[Democrat urban issues|urban microcosms]]!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Or maybe, as Maya Angelou said, “When someone shows you who he is, believe him.” Leftists are outing themselves as racists complicit in perpetuating systems of oppression. Maybe we should believe them. [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Perhaps an honest appraisal of critical race theory is in order, so we can liberate ourselves from the sticky epistemological tentacles of a nonsensical theory. Unfortunately, writ into the DNA of its axioms is the deconstruction of rational dialogue — that too, you see, is just another tool of white privilege. Leftism can’t have room for questions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We could extol what is by and large a just system for the advancement of anyone who applies himself and works hard — the American system. Individuals in that system could be spending their days in hope and personal achievement using the liberties available to them in this country. Or we could have a healthy discussion about race as it relates to traditional American principles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yet instead, we’ll just have to wait for the virus of critical race theory to work its [[nihilism|nihilistic]] destruction on the black community, while whites sit on the sidelines with their shut, masked mouths, on bended knee, advancing their privilege.}}&lt;br /&gt;
==Higher Education==&lt;br /&gt;
CRT has affected higher education in a number of ways,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/bridge/CriticalTheory/critical4.htm|title=Critical Race Theory|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and many critics claimed that higher education was the breeding ground for the theory prior to its spread into general society.  CRT has been developed and spread in a large number of academic papers, with journal editors showing a preference for analysis that promotes CRT relative to other theoretical frameworks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In terms of faculty hiring, under Title VII of the Civil Rights Law of 1964, discrimination on the basis of race in hiring and promotion is illegal, however CRT adherents advocated that color-blind hiring and promotion practices must be abandoned because of the inherent &amp;quot;institutional racism&amp;quot; embedded in traditional views of academic standards and quality.  Some universities reallocated budgets to create special minority hiring funds.  Under this arrangement, academic departments could use color-blind hiring as vacancies occurred, but that separate funding would be made available from the central fund for additional raced-based hiring.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Starting in the 1980s, campuses began to adopt &amp;quot;speech codes&amp;quot; seeking to limit student speech that black students would find hurtful without a corresponding limitation on speech that majority students would find hurtful.  CRT provided a rational for limiting traditional First Amendment rights of college students and staff.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In contrast with the 1960s, when the Civil Rights Movement fought to integrate campus housing, including fraternities and sororities, CRT has promoted &amp;quot;safe spaces&amp;quot; and segregated campus housing for minority students.&lt;br /&gt;
==Religion==&lt;br /&gt;
According to the [[Alabama]]-based '''Capstone Report''', Critical race theory has made its way into some of the [[Southern Baptist Convention]]'s (SBC) seminaries.  At its 2019 Annual Meeting, messengers to the SBC narrowly passed Resolution 9, which stated that CRT (along with [[intersectionality]], another controversial construct) could be &amp;quot;useful tools&amp;quot; in interpreting modern issues (though it pointed out that any such use not impinge on [[Biblical inerrancy]] or infallibility).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In response, a [[Conservative Baptist Network]] was formed in February 2020 to battle the spread of CRT within the SBC.  It is concerned that CRT has overwhelmed the proper Baptist emphasis on evangelism and spiritual renewal.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/conservative-baptist-network-launched-amid-woke-trend-in-sbc-emphasizing-scripture-evangelism.html|date=FEBRUARY 14, 2020|title=Conservative Baptist Network launched amid 'woke' trend in SBC, emphasizing Scripture, evangelism|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Theologian [[Tim Keller]] has noted: {{quotebox|The distinctly secular theory of justice locates evil in the wrong place, he added, seeing all injustice as occurring on a human level, demonizing human being instead of recognizing evil forces — &amp;quot;the world, the flesh, the devil&amp;quot; operating in every human being (Ephesians 6:12).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/critical-theory-is-not-biblical-justice-it-locates-evil-in-the-wrong-place-tim-keller-explains.html|title=Critical theory is not biblical justice, it locates evil in the wrong place: Tim Keller explains|date=August 13, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
==Law enforcement==&lt;br /&gt;
Under traditional theories, the goal of law enforcement was the adoption of clear rules of conduct and then enforcing those rules in a color-blind manner.  Because law enforcement officials have to make split-second decisions that could result in serious bodily harm or death, most states adopted qualified immunity statutes to protect individual law enforcement officers from liability for such injuries.  In contrast, CRT sees all events and interactions as involving race and the exercise of power to subjugate racial groups.  Accordingly, CRT justifies movements to &amp;quot;defund the police&amp;quot; and to repeal qualified immunity for law enforcement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Trump Administration==&lt;br /&gt;
On September 4, 2020, President Trump ordered federal executive branch departments to halt employee training based upon critical race theory.  Russ Vought, director of the Office of Management and Budget, wrote a memo announcing Trump's instruction to stop using controversial forms of training on “critical race theory,” “white privilege” and “any other training or propaganda effort that teaches or suggests either...that the United States is an inherently racist or evil country or...that any race or ethnicity is inherently racist or evil.”  Vought added, “These types of ‘trainings’ not only run counter to the fundamental beliefs for which our Nation has stood since its inception, but they also engender division and resentment within the Federal workforce.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-ends-critical-race-theory-training-federal-employees|title=Trump ends 'critical race theory' training for federal employees, calls it a 'sickness'|date=September 5, 2020|work=Fox News|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Vought's memo concludes:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox| The divisive, false, and demeaning propaganda of the critical race theory movement is&lt;br /&gt;
contrary to all we stand for as Americans and should have no place in the Federal government.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/M-20-34.pdf|title=MEMORANDUM FOR THE HEADS OF EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES M20-34|date=September 4, 2020|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On September 22, 2020, President Trump followed up with an Executive Order on &amp;quot;Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-combating-race-sex-stereotyping/|title=Executive Order on Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping&lt;br /&gt;
|date=September 22, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The Executive Order prohibits teaching CRT to the Uniformed Services or requiring members of the Uniformed Services from being sanctions for refusing agree with CRT.  All federal government contractors are prohibited from using CRT-based trainings.  Entities that receive federal grants are also prohibited.  The Executive Order recognizes the inconsistency between CRT and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.  The Attorney General must research how CRT could establish a hostile work environment prohibited by Title VII.&lt;br /&gt;
==Youth groups and organizations==&lt;br /&gt;
Following the death of [[George Floyd]], a nation-wide panic arose to &amp;quot;virtue signal&amp;quot; support for &amp;quot;racial justice&amp;quot; as defined through the lens of CRT.  For example, on June 15, 2020, the Boy Scouts of America Executive Committee issued a statement that redefined &amp;quot;Be Brave&amp;quot; as including being anti-racist.  {{boxquote|The Boy Scouts of America stands with Black families and the Black community because we believe that Black Lives Matter. This is not a political issue; it is a human rights issue and one we all have a duty to address.}} BSA will require each Eagle Scout to earn a new diversity and inclusion merit badge, and all BSA staff will be required to attend diversity training.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://scoutingwire.org/bsas-commitment-to-act-against-racial-injustice/|title=BSA’S COMMITMENT TO ACT AGAINST RACIAL INJUSTICE|date=June 15, 2020|accessdate=October 4, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2007, a Professor at the University of Waterloo published a research paper, &amp;quot;Ugly on the Diamonds: An Examination of White Privilege in Youth Baseball&amp;quot; which argued that there are elements of racism within the color-blind polices of the Little League.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01490400601160895?journalCode=ulsc20|first=Troy D. |last=Glover|date=January 30, 2007|title=Ugly on the Diamonds: An Examination of White Privilege in Youth Baseball}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Bibliography==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/147980276X/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl Delgado, Richard. Critical Race Theory, Third Edition. NYU Press. Kindle Edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1442216042/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl Thompson, Sherwood. Encyclopedia of Diversity and Social Justice. Rowman &amp;amp; Littlefield Publishers. Kindle Edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1634312023/ref=as_li_tl Pluckrose, Helen &amp;amp; James Lindsay, CYNICAL THEORIES: How Activist Scholarship Made Everything about Race, Gender, and Identity―and Why This Harms Everybody. Pitchstone Publishing.] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Critical legal studies]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[1619 Project]]&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://newdiscourses.com/tftw-critical-race-theory/ Social Justice Encyclopedia]&lt;br /&gt;
{{communism}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Postmodernism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Marxism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racism]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Critical_race_theory&amp;diff=1692230</id>
		<title>Critical race theory</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Critical_race_theory&amp;diff=1692230"/>
		<updated>2020-10-04T14:36:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: law enforcement&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:White privilege.jpeg|right}250px|thumb|A [[white privilege]]d [[middle class]] female confronts an [[African American]] police officer: &amp;quot;They're part of the problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://youtu.be/1hSmeFzCkUs&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Critical race theory''' ('''CRT''') is a [[Postmodernist]] construct based on [[Critical theory]] that teaches that race is not [[genetic]].  Instead, race is a social construct and a basis for political struggles in the fight for racial justice.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Critical race theory provided the foundation for claims that the [[Founding Fathers]] are &amp;quot;[[racist]].&amp;quot;  Critical race theory was devised by Derrick Bell, [[Barack Obama]]’s favorite Harvard professor, in the early 1980s.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Fernando, Ivan (November 18, 2013). [http://diversitychronicle.wordpress.com/2013/11/18/progressive-professor-urges-white-male-students-to-commit-suicide-during-class/ &amp;quot;Progressive professor urges white male students to commit suicide during class&amp;quot;]. Diversity Chronicle website.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; CRT exemplifies [[Lenin]]’s strategy as applied to race.  According to [[Discover the Networks]]:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox-float|Critical race theory contends that America is permanently racist to its core, and that consequently the nation’s legal structures are, by definition, racist and invalid … members of “oppressed” racial groups are entitled—in fact obligated—to determine for themselves which laws and traditions have merit and are worth observing. …}}&lt;br /&gt;
Bell’s theory is in turn an innovation of [[Critical Theory]], which was developed by Marxist thinkers of the [[Frankfurt School]] in Frankfurt, Germany, in 1923. The Institute’s left-wing scholars fled Hitler’s Germany in the 1930s, relocating to [[Columbia University]] in New York. Critical Theory teaches a view that all aspects of Western society are discredited, and this view forms the foundation of what we know today as [[political correctness]]. One of its most famous purveyors was the Frankfurt School’s [[Herbert Marcuse]], longtime associate of the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]]’s [[Julian Bond]]. Marcuse invented the concept of “partisan tolerance,” that is, [[tolerance]] for leftist ideas and [[intolerance]] of all others. The Southern Poverty Law Center applied Marcuse’s strategy in developing its “Hate Watch” list, and ''[[Rules for Radicals]]'' author [[Saul Alinsky]] used it in his own life’s work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Criticism==&lt;br /&gt;
Peter M. Burfeind writes,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://thefederalist.com/2020/09/24/why-black-lives-matter-only-empowers-racist-white-leftists/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox|[[Black Lives Matter]] is the operational arm of “critical race theory,” the [[postmodern]] philosophy of “critical theory” applied to race. Critical theory suffers an inescapable [[epistemology|epistemological]] conundrum. It’s the Liar’s Paradox: If a Cretan says all Cretans are liars, is he to be believed? [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So, who came up with critical theory? You got it: white men. Or do you not recognize in [[Immanuel Kant]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]], [[Michel Foucault]], Jean Baudrillard, Ferdinand de Saussure, George Herbert Mead, [[Noam Chomsky]], Hans-Georg Gadamer, [[Roland Barthes]], and [[Jacques Derrida]], a whiteness the lilies themselves would envy. Should we not add critical theory to the list of oppressive systems dead white men came up with to advance [[white supremacy |white power]]? [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to its own terms, critical race theory must be racist. Furthermore, Black Lives Matter, the political movement based on its theories, must also be racist—and not black racism, but white racism. At a deep, subconscious level, it serves the purpose of advancing and enhancing “white privilege.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How else do you explain rich white kids screeching venom at black [[police]] officers and business owners?&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://pjmedia.com/news-and-politics/tyler-o-neil/2020/06/23/watch-white-blm-protester-calls-black-cop-n-word-in-profane-tirade-n567409&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Or how else do you explain that the theorist who’s been most empowered by critical race theory is white author Robin DiAngelo?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ruminate on the sad indisputability of this statement for a moment: Something in the [[leftist]]s’ minds needs to keep minorities from finding [[hope]] and advancing in existent American “systems.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Meanwhile, of necessity by the terms of critical race theory, the flip side of this dynamic is going on. Leftists feel the [[new world order]] will advance their wills to power. Now, at the subconscious level, leftists don’t know they’re doing this. They may reject they’re doing this — because they have [[white fragility]]. Or, more accurately, they are projecting onto others what they themselves are.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They are truly the racists, as they always have been. And here’s sort of an obvious point: They’re telling everyone this now. This is exactly what they’re currently saying: “We’re all racist.” To which I say, “Speak for yourself, but interesting what you’re saying.” [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Who do you suppose will benefit most from that new regime of [[civil rights]] law? Sounds like a nice system if you’re an upper-middle-class white leftist. That’s because it is. It’s exactly as critical race theory proposes. “Whites gonna white,” says the theory, so how can the theory itself be anything other than the latest vehicle for whites to empower themselves?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The evidence bears this out. The left has had decades of power and control of our cities, [[academia]], and [[media]]. They’ve had ample opportunities to demonstrate the wonders of their ideas. Yet all we see is the [[systemic racism|perpetuation of the very things they decry]], while they gain more and more power.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For decades, we’ve been told all the [[violence]] and ugliness spawned by leftism are merely the birth pangs of a new system. Well, how long do you leftists need to give birth? Enough already! Give us a taste of the glories of the New World in your [[Democrat urban issues|urban microcosms]]!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Or maybe, as Maya Angelou said, “When someone shows you who he is, believe him.” Leftists are outing themselves as racists complicit in perpetuating systems of oppression. Maybe we should believe them. [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Perhaps an honest appraisal of critical race theory is in order, so we can liberate ourselves from the sticky epistemological tentacles of a nonsensical theory. Unfortunately, writ into the DNA of its axioms is the deconstruction of rational dialogue — that too, you see, is just another tool of white privilege. Leftism can’t have room for questions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We could extol what is by and large a just system for the advancement of anyone who applies himself and works hard — the American system. Individuals in that system could be spending their days in hope and personal achievement using the liberties available to them in this country. Or we could have a healthy discussion about race as it relates to traditional American principles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yet instead, we’ll just have to wait for the virus of critical race theory to work its [[nihilism|nihilistic]] destruction on the black community, while whites sit on the sidelines with their shut, masked mouths, on bended knee, advancing their privilege.}}&lt;br /&gt;
==Higher Education==&lt;br /&gt;
CRT has affected higher education in a number of ways,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/bridge/CriticalTheory/critical4.htm|title=Critical Race Theory|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and many critics claimed that higher education was the breeding ground for the theory prior to its spread into general society.  CRT has been developed and spread in a large number of academic papers, with journal editors showing a preference for analysis that promotes CRT relative to other theoretical frameworks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In terms of faculty hiring, under Title VII of the Civil Rights Law of 1964, discrimination on the basis of race in hiring and promotion is illegal, however CRT adherents advocated that color-blind hiring and promotion practices must be abandoned because of the inherent &amp;quot;institutional racism&amp;quot; embedded in traditional views of academic standards and quality.  Some universities reallocated budgets to create special minority hiring funds.  Under this arrangement, academic departments could use color-blind hiring as vacancies occurred, but that separate funding would be made available from the central fund for additional raced-based hiring.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Starting in the 1980s, campuses began to adopt &amp;quot;speech codes&amp;quot; seeking to limit student speech that black students would find hurtful without a corresponding limitation on speech that majority students would find hurtful.  CRT provided a rational for limiting traditional First Amendment rights of college students and staff.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In contrast with the 1960s, when the Civil Rights Movement fought to integrate campus housing, including fraternities and sororities, CRT has promoted &amp;quot;safe spaces&amp;quot; and segregated campus housing for minority students.&lt;br /&gt;
==Religion==&lt;br /&gt;
According to the [[Alabama]]-based '''Capstone Report''', Critical race theory has made its way into some of the [[Southern Baptist Convention]]'s (SBC) seminaries.  At its 2019 Annual Meeting, messengers to the SBC narrowly passed Resolution 9, which stated that CRT (along with [[intersectionality]], another controversial construct) could be &amp;quot;useful tools&amp;quot; in interpreting modern issues (though it pointed out that any such use not impinge on [[Biblical inerrancy]] or infallibility).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In response, a [[Conservative Baptist Network]] was formed in February 2020 to battle the spread of CRT within the SBC.  It is concerned that CRT has overwhelmed the proper Baptist emphasis on evangelism and spiritual renewal.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/conservative-baptist-network-launched-amid-woke-trend-in-sbc-emphasizing-scripture-evangelism.html|date=FEBRUARY 14, 2020|title=Conservative Baptist Network launched amid 'woke' trend in SBC, emphasizing Scripture, evangelism|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Theologian [[Tim Keller]] has noted: {{quotebox|The distinctly secular theory of justice locates evil in the wrong place, he added, seeing all injustice as occurring on a human level, demonizing human being instead of recognizing evil forces — &amp;quot;the world, the flesh, the devil&amp;quot; operating in every human being (Ephesians 6:12).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/critical-theory-is-not-biblical-justice-it-locates-evil-in-the-wrong-place-tim-keller-explains.html|title=Critical theory is not biblical justice, it locates evil in the wrong place: Tim Keller explains|date=August 13, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
==Law enforcement==&lt;br /&gt;
Under traditional theories, the goal of law enforcement was the adoption of clear rules of conduct and then enforcing those rules in a color-blind manner.  Because law enforcement officials have to make split-second decisions that could result in serious bodily harm or death, most states adopted qualified immunity statutes to protect individual law enforcement officers from liability for such injuries.  In contrast, CRT sees all events and interactions as involving race and the exercise of power to subjugate racial groups.  Accordingly, CRT justifies movements to &amp;quot;defund the police&amp;quot; and to repeal qualified immunity for law enforcement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Trump Administration==&lt;br /&gt;
On September 4, 2020, President Trump ordered federal executive branch departments to halt employee training based upon critical race theory.  Russ Vought, director of the Office of Management and Budget, wrote a memo announcing Trump's instruction to stop using controversial forms of training on “critical race theory,” “white privilege” and “any other training or propaganda effort that teaches or suggests either...that the United States is an inherently racist or evil country or...that any race or ethnicity is inherently racist or evil.”  Vought added, “These types of ‘trainings’ not only run counter to the fundamental beliefs for which our Nation has stood since its inception, but they also engender division and resentment within the Federal workforce.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-ends-critical-race-theory-training-federal-employees|title=Trump ends 'critical race theory' training for federal employees, calls it a 'sickness'|date=September 5, 2020|work=Fox News|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Vought's memo concludes:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox| The divisive, false, and demeaning propaganda of the critical race theory movement is&lt;br /&gt;
contrary to all we stand for as Americans and should have no place in the Federal government.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/M-20-34.pdf|title=MEMORANDUM FOR THE HEADS OF EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES M20-34|date=September 4, 2020|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On September 22, 2020, President Trump followed up with an Executive Order on &amp;quot;Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-combating-race-sex-stereotyping/|title=Executive Order on Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping&lt;br /&gt;
|date=September 22, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The Executive Order prohibits teaching CRT to the Uniformed Services or requiring members of the Uniformed Services from being sanctions for refusing agree with CRT.  All federal government contractors are prohibited from using CRT-based trainings.  Entities that receive federal grants are also prohibited.  The Executive Order recognizes the inconsistency between CRT and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.  The Attorney General must research how CRT could establish a hostile work environment prohibited by Title VII.&lt;br /&gt;
==Bibliography==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/147980276X/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl Delgado, Richard. Critical Race Theory, Third Edition. NYU Press. Kindle Edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1442216042/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl Thompson, Sherwood. Encyclopedia of Diversity and Social Justice. Rowman &amp;amp; Littlefield Publishers. Kindle Edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1634312023/ref=as_li_tl Pluckrose, Helen &amp;amp; James Lindsay, CYNICAL THEORIES: How Activist Scholarship Made Everything about Race, Gender, and Identity―and Why This Harms Everybody. Pitchstone Publishing.] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Critical legal studies]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[1619 Project]]&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://newdiscourses.com/tftw-critical-race-theory/ Social Justice Encyclopedia]&lt;br /&gt;
{{communism}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Postmodernism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Marxism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racism]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Critical_race_theory&amp;diff=1692224</id>
		<title>Critical race theory</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Critical_race_theory&amp;diff=1692224"/>
		<updated>2020-10-04T10:22:38Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: expand&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:White privilege.jpeg|right}250px|thumb|A [[white privilege]]d [[middle class]] female confronts an [[African American]] police officer: &amp;quot;They're part of the problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://youtu.be/1hSmeFzCkUs&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Critical race theory''' ('''CRT''') is a [[Postmodernist]] construct based on [[Critical theory]] that teaches that race is not [[genetic]].  Instead, race is a social construct and a basis for political struggles in the fight for racial justice.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Critical race theory provided the foundation for claims that the [[Founding Fathers]] are &amp;quot;[[racist]].&amp;quot;  Critical race theory was devised by Derrick Bell, [[Barack Obama]]’s favorite Harvard professor, in the early 1980s.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Fernando, Ivan (November 18, 2013). [http://diversitychronicle.wordpress.com/2013/11/18/progressive-professor-urges-white-male-students-to-commit-suicide-during-class/ &amp;quot;Progressive professor urges white male students to commit suicide during class&amp;quot;]. Diversity Chronicle website.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; CRT exemplifies [[Lenin]]’s strategy as applied to race.  According to [[Discover the Networks]]:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox-float|Critical race theory contends that America is permanently racist to its core, and that consequently the nation’s legal structures are, by definition, racist and invalid … members of “oppressed” racial groups are entitled—in fact obligated—to determine for themselves which laws and traditions have merit and are worth observing. …}}&lt;br /&gt;
Bell’s theory is in turn an innovation of [[Critical Theory]], which was developed by Marxist thinkers of the [[Frankfurt School]] in Frankfurt, Germany, in 1923. The Institute’s left-wing scholars fled Hitler’s Germany in the 1930s, relocating to [[Columbia University]] in New York. Critical Theory teaches a view that all aspects of Western society are discredited, and this view forms the foundation of what we know today as [[political correctness]]. One of its most famous purveyors was the Frankfurt School’s [[Herbert Marcuse]], longtime associate of the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]]’s [[Julian Bond]]. Marcuse invented the concept of “partisan tolerance,” that is, [[tolerance]] for leftist ideas and [[intolerance]] of all others. The Southern Poverty Law Center applied Marcuse’s strategy in developing its “Hate Watch” list, and ''[[Rules for Radicals]]'' author [[Saul Alinsky]] used it in his own life’s work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Criticism==&lt;br /&gt;
Peter M. Burfeind writes,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://thefederalist.com/2020/09/24/why-black-lives-matter-only-empowers-racist-white-leftists/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox|[[Black Lives Matter]] is the operational arm of “critical race theory,” the [[postmodern]] philosophy of “critical theory” applied to race. Critical theory suffers an inescapable [[epistemology|epistemological]] conundrum. It’s the Liar’s Paradox: If a Cretan says all Cretans are liars, is he to be believed? [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So, who came up with critical theory? You got it: white men. Or do you not recognize in [[Immanuel Kant]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]], [[Michel Foucault]], Jean Baudrillard, Ferdinand de Saussure, George Herbert Mead, [[Noam Chomsky]], Hans-Georg Gadamer, [[Roland Barthes]], and [[Jacques Derrida]], a whiteness the lilies themselves would envy. Should we not add critical theory to the list of oppressive systems dead white men came up with to advance [[white supremacy |white power]]? [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to its own terms, critical race theory must be racist. Furthermore, Black Lives Matter, the political movement based on its theories, must also be racist—and not black racism, but white racism. At a deep, subconscious level, it serves the purpose of advancing and enhancing “white privilege.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How else do you explain rich white kids screeching venom at black [[police]] officers and business owners?&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://pjmedia.com/news-and-politics/tyler-o-neil/2020/06/23/watch-white-blm-protester-calls-black-cop-n-word-in-profane-tirade-n567409&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Or how else do you explain that the theorist who’s been most empowered by critical race theory is white author Robin DiAngelo?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ruminate on the sad indisputability of this statement for a moment: Something in the [[leftist]]s’ minds needs to keep minorities from finding [[hope]] and advancing in existent American “systems.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Meanwhile, of necessity by the terms of critical race theory, the flip side of this dynamic is going on. Leftists feel the [[new world order]] will advance their wills to power. Now, at the subconscious level, leftists don’t know they’re doing this. They may reject they’re doing this — because they have [[white fragility]]. Or, more accurately, they are projecting onto others what they themselves are.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They are truly the racists, as they always have been. And here’s sort of an obvious point: They’re telling everyone this now. This is exactly what they’re currently saying: “We’re all racist.” To which I say, “Speak for yourself, but interesting what you’re saying.” [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Who do you suppose will benefit most from that new regime of [[civil rights]] law? Sounds like a nice system if you’re an upper-middle-class white leftist. That’s because it is. It’s exactly as critical race theory proposes. “Whites gonna white,” says the theory, so how can the theory itself be anything other than the latest vehicle for whites to empower themselves?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The evidence bears this out. The left has had decades of power and control of our cities, [[academia]], and [[media]]. They’ve had ample opportunities to demonstrate the wonders of their ideas. Yet all we see is the [[systemic racism|perpetuation of the very things they decry]], while they gain more and more power.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For decades, we’ve been told all the [[violence]] and ugliness spawned by leftism are merely the birth pangs of a new system. Well, how long do you leftists need to give birth? Enough already! Give us a taste of the glories of the New World in your [[Democrat urban issues|urban microcosms]]!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Or maybe, as Maya Angelou said, “When someone shows you who he is, believe him.” Leftists are outing themselves as racists complicit in perpetuating systems of oppression. Maybe we should believe them. [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Perhaps an honest appraisal of critical race theory is in order, so we can liberate ourselves from the sticky epistemological tentacles of a nonsensical theory. Unfortunately, writ into the DNA of its axioms is the deconstruction of rational dialogue — that too, you see, is just another tool of white privilege. Leftism can’t have room for questions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We could extol what is by and large a just system for the advancement of anyone who applies himself and works hard — the American system. Individuals in that system could be spending their days in hope and personal achievement using the liberties available to them in this country. Or we could have a healthy discussion about race as it relates to traditional American principles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yet instead, we’ll just have to wait for the virus of critical race theory to work its [[nihilism|nihilistic]] destruction on the black community, while whites sit on the sidelines with their shut, masked mouths, on bended knee, advancing their privilege.}}&lt;br /&gt;
==Higher Education==&lt;br /&gt;
CRT has affected higher education in a number of ways,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/bridge/CriticalTheory/critical4.htm|title=Critical Race Theory|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and many critics claimed that higher education was the breeding ground for the theory prior to its spread into general society.  CRT has been developed and spread in a large number of academic papers, with journal editors showing a preference for analysis that promotes CRT relative to other theoretical frameworks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In terms of faculty hiring, under Title VII of the Civil Rights Law of 1964, discrimination on the basis of race in hiring and promotion is illegal, however CRT adherents advocated that color-blind hiring and promotion practices must be abandoned because of the inherent &amp;quot;institutional racism&amp;quot; embedded in traditional views of academic standards and quality.  Some universities reallocated budgets to create special minority hiring funds.  Under this arrangement, academic departments could use color-blind hiring as vacancies occurred, but that separate funding would be made available from the central fund for additional raced-based hiring.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Starting in the 1980s, campuses began to adopt &amp;quot;speech codes&amp;quot; seeking to limit student speech that black students would find hurtful without a corresponding limitation on speech that majority students would find hurtful.  CRT provided a rational for limiting traditional First Amendment rights of college students and staff.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In contrast with the 1960s, when the Civil Rights Movement fought to integrate campus housing, including fraternities and sororities, CRT has promoted &amp;quot;safe spaces&amp;quot; and segregated campus housing for minority students.&lt;br /&gt;
==Religion==&lt;br /&gt;
According to the [[Alabama]]-based '''Capstone Report''', Critical race theory has made its way into some of the [[Southern Baptist Convention]]'s (SBC) seminaries.  At its 2019 Annual Meeting, messengers to the SBC narrowly passed Resolution 9, which stated that CRT (along with [[intersectionality]], another controversial construct) could be &amp;quot;useful tools&amp;quot; in interpreting modern issues (though it pointed out that any such use not impinge on [[Biblical inerrancy]] or infallibility).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In response, a [[Conservative Baptist Network]] was formed in February 2020 to battle the spread of CRT within the SBC.  It is concerned that CRT has overwhelmed the proper Baptist emphasis on evangelism and spiritual renewal.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/conservative-baptist-network-launched-amid-woke-trend-in-sbc-emphasizing-scripture-evangelism.html|date=FEBRUARY 14, 2020|title=Conservative Baptist Network launched amid 'woke' trend in SBC, emphasizing Scripture, evangelism|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Theologian [[Tim Keller]] has noted: {{quotebox|The distinctly secular theory of justice locates evil in the wrong place, he added, seeing all injustice as occurring on a human level, demonizing human being instead of recognizing evil forces — &amp;quot;the world, the flesh, the devil&amp;quot; operating in every human being (Ephesians 6:12).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/critical-theory-is-not-biblical-justice-it-locates-evil-in-the-wrong-place-tim-keller-explains.html|title=Critical theory is not biblical justice, it locates evil in the wrong place: Tim Keller explains|date=AUGUST 13, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
==Trump Administration==&lt;br /&gt;
On September 4, 2020, President Trump ordered federal executive branch departments to halt employee training based upon critical race theory.  Russ Vought, director of the Office of Management and Budget, wrote a memo announcing Trump's instruction to stop using controversial forms of training on “critical race theory,” “white privilege” and “any other training or propaganda effort that teaches or suggests either...that the United States is an inherently racist or evil country or...that any race or ethnicity is inherently racist or evil.”  Vought added, “These types of ‘trainings’ not only run counter to the fundamental beliefs for which our Nation has stood since its inception, but they also engender division and resentment within the Federal workforce.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-ends-critical-race-theory-training-federal-employees|title=Trump ends 'critical race theory' training for federal employees, calls it a 'sickness'|date=September 5, 2020|work=Fox News|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Vought's memo concludes:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox| The divisive, false, and demeaning propaganda of the critical race theory movement is&lt;br /&gt;
contrary to all we stand for as Americans and should have no place in the Federal government.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/M-20-34.pdf|title=MEMORANDUM FOR THE HEADS OF EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES M20-34|date=September 4, 2020|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On September 22, 2020, President Trump followed up with an Executive Order on &amp;quot;Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-combating-race-sex-stereotyping/|title=Executive Order on Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping&lt;br /&gt;
|date=September 22, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The Executive Order prohibits teaching CRT to the Uniformed Services or requiring members of the Uniformed Services from being sanctions for refusing agree with CRT.  All federal government contractors are prohibited from using CRT-based trainings.  Entities that receive federal grants are also prohibited.  The Executive Order recognizes the inconsistency between CRT and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.  The Attorney General must research how CRT could establish a hostile work environment prohibited by Title VII.&lt;br /&gt;
==Bibliography==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/147980276X/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl Delgado, Richard. Critical Race Theory, Third Edition. NYU Press. Kindle Edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1442216042/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl Thompson, Sherwood. Encyclopedia of Diversity and Social Justice. Rowman &amp;amp; Littlefield Publishers. Kindle Edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1634312023/ref=as_li_tl Pluckrose, Helen &amp;amp; James Lindsay, CYNICAL THEORIES: How Activist Scholarship Made Everything about Race, Gender, and Identity―and Why This Harms Everybody. Pitchstone Publishing.] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Critical legal studies]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[1619 Project]]&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://newdiscourses.com/tftw-critical-race-theory/ Social Justice Encyclopedia]&lt;br /&gt;
{{communism}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Postmodernism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Marxism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racism]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Critical_race_theory&amp;diff=1692214</id>
		<title>Critical race theory</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Critical_race_theory&amp;diff=1692214"/>
		<updated>2020-10-04T09:30:46Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: Bibliography&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:White privilege.jpeg|right}250px|thumb|A [[white privilege]]d [[middle class]] female confronts an [[African American]] police officer: &amp;quot;They're part of the problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://youtu.be/1hSmeFzCkUs&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Critical race theory''' ('''CRT''') is a [[Postmodernist]] construct based on [[Critical theory]] that teaches that race is not [[genetic]].  Instead, race is a social construct and a basis for political struggles in the fight for racial justice.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Critical race theory provided the foundation for claims that the [[Founding Fathers]] are &amp;quot;[[racist]].&amp;quot;  Critical race theory was devised by Derrick Bell, [[Barack Obama]]’s favorite Harvard professor, in the early 1980s.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Fernando, Ivan (November 18, 2013). [http://diversitychronicle.wordpress.com/2013/11/18/progressive-professor-urges-white-male-students-to-commit-suicide-during-class/ &amp;quot;Progressive professor urges white male students to commit suicide during class&amp;quot;]. Diversity Chronicle website.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; CRT exemplifies [[Lenin]]’s strategy as applied to race.  According to [[Discover the Networks]]:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox-float|Critical race theory contends that America is permanently racist to its core, and that consequently the nation’s legal structures are, by definition, racist and invalid … members of “oppressed” racial groups are entitled—in fact obligated—to determine for themselves which laws and traditions have merit and are worth observing. …}}&lt;br /&gt;
Bell’s theory is in turn an innovation of [[Critical Theory]], which was developed by Marxist thinkers of the [[Frankfurt School]] in Frankfurt, Germany, in 1923. The Institute’s left-wing scholars fled Hitler’s Germany in the 1930s, relocating to [[Columbia University]] in New York. Critical Theory teaches a view that all aspects of Western society are discredited, and this view forms the foundation of what we know today as [[political correctness]]. One of its most famous purveyors was the Frankfurt School’s [[Herbert Marcuse]], longtime associate of the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]]’s [[Julian Bond]]. Marcuse invented the concept of “partisan tolerance,” that is, [[tolerance]] for leftist ideas and [[intolerance]] of all others. The Southern Poverty Law Center applied Marcuse’s strategy in developing its “Hate Watch” list, and ''[[Rules for Radicals]]'' author [[Saul Alinsky]] used it in his own life’s work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to the [[Alabama]]-based '''Capstone Report''', Critical race theory has made its way into some of the [[Southern Baptist Convention]]'s (SBC) seminaries.  At its 2019 Annual Meeting, messengers to the SBC narrowly passed Resolution 9, which stated that CRT (along with [[intersectionality]], another controversial construct) could be &amp;quot;useful tools&amp;quot; in interpreting modern issues (though it pointed out that any such use not impinge on [[Biblical inerrancy]] or infallibility).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Criticism==&lt;br /&gt;
Peter M. Burfeind writes,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://thefederalist.com/2020/09/24/why-black-lives-matter-only-empowers-racist-white-leftists/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox|[[Black Lives Matter]] is the operational arm of “critical race theory,” the [[postmodern]] philosophy of “critical theory” applied to race. Critical theory suffers an inescapable [[epistemology|epistemological]] conundrum. It’s the Liar’s Paradox: If a Cretan says all Cretans are liars, is he to be believed? [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So, who came up with critical theory? You got it: white men. Or do you not recognize in [[Immanuel Kant]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]], [[Michel Foucault]], Jean Baudrillard, Ferdinand de Saussure, George Herbert Mead, [[Noam Chomsky]], Hans-Georg Gadamer, [[Roland Barthes]], and [[Jacques Derrida]], a whiteness the lilies themselves would envy. Should we not add critical theory to the list of oppressive systems dead white men came up with to advance [[white supremacy |white power]]? [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to its own terms, critical race theory must be racist. Furthermore, Black Lives Matter, the political movement based on its theories, must also be racist—and not black racism, but white racism. At a deep, subconscious level, it serves the purpose of advancing and enhancing “white privilege.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How else do you explain rich white kids screeching venom at black [[police]] officers and business owners?&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://pjmedia.com/news-and-politics/tyler-o-neil/2020/06/23/watch-white-blm-protester-calls-black-cop-n-word-in-profane-tirade-n567409&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Or how else do you explain that the theorist who’s been most empowered by critical race theory is white author Robin DiAngelo?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ruminate on the sad indisputability of this statement for a moment: Something in the [[leftist]]s’ minds needs to keep minorities from finding [[hope]] and advancing in existent American “systems.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Meanwhile, of necessity by the terms of critical race theory, the flip side of this dynamic is going on. Leftists feel the [[new world order]] will advance their wills to power. Now, at the subconscious level, leftists don’t know they’re doing this. They may reject they’re doing this — because they have [[white fragility]]. Or, more accurately, they are projecting onto others what they themselves are.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They are truly the racists, as they always have been. And here’s sort of an obvious point: They’re telling everyone this now. This is exactly what they’re currently saying: “We’re all racist.” To which I say, “Speak for yourself, but interesting what you’re saying.” [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Who do you suppose will benefit most from that new regime of [[civil rights]] law? Sounds like a nice system if you’re an upper-middle-class white leftist. That’s because it is. It’s exactly as critical race theory proposes. “Whites gonna white,” says the theory, so how can the theory itself be anything other than the latest vehicle for whites to empower themselves?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The evidence bears this out. The left has had decades of power and control of our cities, [[academia]], and [[media]]. They’ve had ample opportunities to demonstrate the wonders of their ideas. Yet all we see is the [[systemic racism|perpetuation of the very things they decry]], while they gain more and more power.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For decades, we’ve been told all the [[violence]] and ugliness spawned by leftism are merely the birth pangs of a new system. Well, how long do you leftists need to give birth? Enough already! Give us a taste of the glories of the New World in your [[Democrat urban issues|urban microcosms]]!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Or maybe, as Maya Angelou said, “When someone shows you who he is, believe him.” Leftists are outing themselves as racists complicit in perpetuating systems of oppression. Maybe we should believe them. [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Perhaps an honest appraisal of critical race theory is in order, so we can liberate ourselves from the sticky epistemological tentacles of a nonsensical theory. Unfortunately, writ into the DNA of its axioms is the deconstruction of rational dialogue — that too, you see, is just another tool of white privilege. Leftism can’t have room for questions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We could extol what is by and large a just system for the advancement of anyone who applies himself and works hard — the American system. Individuals in that system could be spending their days in hope and personal achievement using the liberties available to them in this country. Or we could have a healthy discussion about race as it relates to traditional American principles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yet instead, we’ll just have to wait for the virus of critical race theory to work its [[nihilism|nihilistic]] destruction on the black community, while whites sit on the sidelines with their shut, masked mouths, on bended knee, advancing their privilege.}}&lt;br /&gt;
==Trump Administration==&lt;br /&gt;
On September 4, 2020, President Trump ordered federal executive branch departments to halt employee training based upon critical race theory.  Russ Vought, director of the Office of Management and Budget, wrote a memo announcing Trump's instruction to stop using controversial forms of training on “critical race theory,” “white privilege” and “any other training or propaganda effort that teaches or suggests either...that the United States is an inherently racist or evil country or...that any race or ethnicity is inherently racist or evil.”  Vought added, “These types of ‘trainings’ not only run counter to the fundamental beliefs for which our Nation has stood since its inception, but they also engender division and resentment within the Federal workforce.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-ends-critical-race-theory-training-federal-employees|title=Trump ends 'critical race theory' training for federal employees, calls it a 'sickness'|date=September 5, 2020|work=Fox News|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Vought's memo concludes:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox| The divisive, false, and demeaning propaganda of the critical race theory movement is&lt;br /&gt;
contrary to all we stand for as Americans and should have no place in the Federal government.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/M-20-34.pdf|title=MEMORANDUM FOR THE HEADS OF EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES M20-34|date=September 4, 2020|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On September 22, 2020, President Trump followed up with an Executive Order on &amp;quot;Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-combating-race-sex-stereotyping/|title=Executive Order on Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping&lt;br /&gt;
|date=September 22, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The Executive Order prohibits teaching CRT to the Uniformed Services or requiring members of the Uniformed Services from being sanctions for refusing agree with CRT.  All federal government contractors are prohibited from using CRT-based trainings.  Entities that receive federal grants are also prohibited.  The Executive Order recognizes the inconsistency between CRT and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.  The Attorney General must research how CRT could establish a hostile work environment prohibited by Title VII.&lt;br /&gt;
==Bibliography==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/147980276X/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl Delgado, Richard. Critical Race Theory, Third Edition. NYU Press. Kindle Edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1442216042/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl Thompson, Sherwood. Encyclopedia of Diversity and Social Justice. Rowman &amp;amp; Littlefield Publishers. Kindle Edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1634312023/ref=as_li_tl Pluckrose, Helen &amp;amp; James Lindsay, CYNICAL THEORIES: How Activist Scholarship Made Everything about Race, Gender, and Identity―and Why This Harms Everybody. Pitchstone Publishing.] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Critical legal studies]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[1619 Project]]&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://newdiscourses.com/tftw-critical-race-theory/ Social Justice Encyclopedia]&lt;br /&gt;
{{communism}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Postmodernism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Marxism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racism]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Critical_race_theory&amp;diff=1692213</id>
		<title>Critical race theory</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Critical_race_theory&amp;diff=1692213"/>
		<updated>2020-10-04T09:13:38Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: External links&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:White privilege.jpeg|right}250px|thumb|A [[white privilege]]d [[middle class]] female confronts an [[African American]] police officer: &amp;quot;They're part of the problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://youtu.be/1hSmeFzCkUs&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Critical race theory''' ('''CRT''') is a [[Postmodernist]] construct based on [[Critical theory]] that teaches that race is not [[genetic]].  Instead, race is a social construct and a basis for political struggles in the fight for racial justice.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Critical race theory provided the foundation for claims that the [[Founding Fathers]] are &amp;quot;[[racist]].&amp;quot;  Critical race theory was devised by Derrick Bell, [[Barack Obama]]’s favorite Harvard professor, in the early 1980s.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Fernando, Ivan (November 18, 2013). [http://diversitychronicle.wordpress.com/2013/11/18/progressive-professor-urges-white-male-students-to-commit-suicide-during-class/ &amp;quot;Progressive professor urges white male students to commit suicide during class&amp;quot;]. Diversity Chronicle website.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; CRT exemplifies [[Lenin]]’s strategy as applied to race.  According to [[Discover the Networks]]:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox-float|Critical race theory contends that America is permanently racist to its core, and that consequently the nation’s legal structures are, by definition, racist and invalid … members of “oppressed” racial groups are entitled—in fact obligated—to determine for themselves which laws and traditions have merit and are worth observing. …}}&lt;br /&gt;
Bell’s theory is in turn an innovation of [[Critical Theory]], which was developed by Marxist thinkers of the [[Frankfurt School]] in Frankfurt, Germany, in 1923. The Institute’s left-wing scholars fled Hitler’s Germany in the 1930s, relocating to [[Columbia University]] in New York. Critical Theory teaches a view that all aspects of Western society are discredited, and this view forms the foundation of what we know today as [[political correctness]]. One of its most famous purveyors was the Frankfurt School’s [[Herbert Marcuse]], longtime associate of the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]]’s [[Julian Bond]]. Marcuse invented the concept of “partisan tolerance,” that is, [[tolerance]] for leftist ideas and [[intolerance]] of all others. The Southern Poverty Law Center applied Marcuse’s strategy in developing its “Hate Watch” list, and ''[[Rules for Radicals]]'' author [[Saul Alinsky]] used it in his own life’s work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to the [[Alabama]]-based '''Capstone Report''', Critical race theory has made its way into some of the [[Southern Baptist Convention]]'s (SBC) seminaries.  At its 2019 Annual Meeting, messengers to the SBC narrowly passed Resolution 9, which stated that CRT (along with [[intersectionality]], another controversial construct) could be &amp;quot;useful tools&amp;quot; in interpreting modern issues (though it pointed out that any such use not impinge on [[Biblical inerrancy]] or infallibility).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Criticism==&lt;br /&gt;
Peter M. Burfeind writes,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://thefederalist.com/2020/09/24/why-black-lives-matter-only-empowers-racist-white-leftists/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox|[[Black Lives Matter]] is the operational arm of “critical race theory,” the [[postmodern]] philosophy of “critical theory” applied to race. Critical theory suffers an inescapable [[epistemology|epistemological]] conundrum. It’s the Liar’s Paradox: If a Cretan says all Cretans are liars, is he to be believed? [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So, who came up with critical theory? You got it: white men. Or do you not recognize in [[Immanuel Kant]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]], [[Michel Foucault]], Jean Baudrillard, Ferdinand de Saussure, George Herbert Mead, [[Noam Chomsky]], Hans-Georg Gadamer, [[Roland Barthes]], and [[Jacques Derrida]], a whiteness the lilies themselves would envy. Should we not add critical theory to the list of oppressive systems dead white men came up with to advance [[white supremacy |white power]]? [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to its own terms, critical race theory must be racist. Furthermore, Black Lives Matter, the political movement based on its theories, must also be racist—and not black racism, but white racism. At a deep, subconscious level, it serves the purpose of advancing and enhancing “white privilege.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How else do you explain rich white kids screeching venom at black [[police]] officers and business owners?&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://pjmedia.com/news-and-politics/tyler-o-neil/2020/06/23/watch-white-blm-protester-calls-black-cop-n-word-in-profane-tirade-n567409&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Or how else do you explain that the theorist who’s been most empowered by critical race theory is white author Robin DiAngelo?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ruminate on the sad indisputability of this statement for a moment: Something in the [[leftist]]s’ minds needs to keep minorities from finding [[hope]] and advancing in existent American “systems.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Meanwhile, of necessity by the terms of critical race theory, the flip side of this dynamic is going on. Leftists feel the [[new world order]] will advance their wills to power. Now, at the subconscious level, leftists don’t know they’re doing this. They may reject they’re doing this — because they have [[white fragility]]. Or, more accurately, they are projecting onto others what they themselves are.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They are truly the racists, as they always have been. And here’s sort of an obvious point: They’re telling everyone this now. This is exactly what they’re currently saying: “We’re all racist.” To which I say, “Speak for yourself, but interesting what you’re saying.” [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Who do you suppose will benefit most from that new regime of [[civil rights]] law? Sounds like a nice system if you’re an upper-middle-class white leftist. That’s because it is. It’s exactly as critical race theory proposes. “Whites gonna white,” says the theory, so how can the theory itself be anything other than the latest vehicle for whites to empower themselves?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The evidence bears this out. The left has had decades of power and control of our cities, [[academia]], and [[media]]. They’ve had ample opportunities to demonstrate the wonders of their ideas. Yet all we see is the [[systemic racism|perpetuation of the very things they decry]], while they gain more and more power.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For decades, we’ve been told all the [[violence]] and ugliness spawned by leftism are merely the birth pangs of a new system. Well, how long do you leftists need to give birth? Enough already! Give us a taste of the glories of the New World in your [[Democrat urban issues|urban microcosms]]!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Or maybe, as Maya Angelou said, “When someone shows you who he is, believe him.” Leftists are outing themselves as racists complicit in perpetuating systems of oppression. Maybe we should believe them. [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Perhaps an honest appraisal of critical race theory is in order, so we can liberate ourselves from the sticky epistemological tentacles of a nonsensical theory. Unfortunately, writ into the DNA of its axioms is the deconstruction of rational dialogue — that too, you see, is just another tool of white privilege. Leftism can’t have room for questions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We could extol what is by and large a just system for the advancement of anyone who applies himself and works hard — the American system. Individuals in that system could be spending their days in hope and personal achievement using the liberties available to them in this country. Or we could have a healthy discussion about race as it relates to traditional American principles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yet instead, we’ll just have to wait for the virus of critical race theory to work its [[nihilism|nihilistic]] destruction on the black community, while whites sit on the sidelines with their shut, masked mouths, on bended knee, advancing their privilege.}}&lt;br /&gt;
==Trump Administration==&lt;br /&gt;
On September 4, 2020, President Trump ordered federal executive branch departments to halt employee training based upon critical race theory.  Russ Vought, director of the Office of Management and Budget, wrote a memo announcing Trump's instruction to stop using controversial forms of training on “critical race theory,” “white privilege” and “any other training or propaganda effort that teaches or suggests either...that the United States is an inherently racist or evil country or...that any race or ethnicity is inherently racist or evil.”  Vought added, “These types of ‘trainings’ not only run counter to the fundamental beliefs for which our Nation has stood since its inception, but they also engender division and resentment within the Federal workforce.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-ends-critical-race-theory-training-federal-employees|title=Trump ends 'critical race theory' training for federal employees, calls it a 'sickness'|date=September 5, 2020|work=Fox News|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Vought's memo concludes:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox| The divisive, false, and demeaning propaganda of the critical race theory movement is&lt;br /&gt;
contrary to all we stand for as Americans and should have no place in the Federal government.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/M-20-34.pdf|title=MEMORANDUM FOR THE HEADS OF EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES M20-34|date=September 4, 2020|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On September 22, 2020, President Trump followed up with an Executive Order on &amp;quot;Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-combating-race-sex-stereotyping/|title=Executive Order on Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping&lt;br /&gt;
|date=September 22, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The Executive Order prohibits teaching CRT to the Uniformed Services or requiring members of the Uniformed Services from being sanctions for refusing agree with CRT.  All federal government contractors are prohibited from using CRT-based trainings.  Entities that receive federal grants are also prohibited.  The Executive Order recognizes the inconsistency between CRT and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.  The Attorney General must research how CRT could establish a hostile work environment prohibited by Title VII.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Critical legal studies]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[1619 Project]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://newdiscourses.com/tftw-critical-race-theory/ Social Justice Encyclopedia]&lt;br /&gt;
{{communism}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Postmodernism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Marxism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racism]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Critical_race_theory&amp;diff=1692140</id>
		<title>Critical race theory</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Critical_race_theory&amp;diff=1692140"/>
		<updated>2020-10-04T02:00:01Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: /* Criticism */ expand&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:White privilege.jpeg|right}250px|thumb|A [[white privilege]]d [[middle class]] female confronts an [[African American]] police officer: &amp;quot;They're part of the problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://youtu.be/1hSmeFzCkUs&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Critical race theory''' ('''CRT''') is a [[Postmodernist]] construct based on [[Critical theory]] that teaches that race is not [[genetic]].  Instead, race is a social construct and a basis for political struggles in the fight for racial justice.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Critical race theory provided the foundation for claims that the [[Founding Fathers]] are &amp;quot;[[racist]].&amp;quot;  Critical race theory was devised by Derrick Bell, [[Barack Obama]]’s favorite Harvard professor, in the early 1980s.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Fernando, Ivan (November 18, 2013). [http://diversitychronicle.wordpress.com/2013/11/18/progressive-professor-urges-white-male-students-to-commit-suicide-during-class/ &amp;quot;Progressive professor urges white male students to commit suicide during class&amp;quot;]. Diversity Chronicle website.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; CRT exemplifies [[Lenin]]’s strategy as applied to race.  According to [[Discover the Networks]]:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox-float|Critical race theory contends that America is permanently racist to its core, and that consequently the nation’s legal structures are, by definition, racist and invalid … members of “oppressed” racial groups are entitled—in fact obligated—to determine for themselves which laws and traditions have merit and are worth observing. …}}&lt;br /&gt;
Bell’s theory is in turn an innovation of [[Critical Theory]], which was developed by Marxist thinkers of the [[Frankfurt School]] in Frankfurt, Germany, in 1923. The Institute’s left-wing scholars fled Hitler’s Germany in the 1930s, relocating to [[Columbia University]] in New York. Critical Theory teaches a view that all aspects of Western society are discredited, and this view forms the foundation of what we know today as [[political correctness]]. One of its most famous purveyors was the Frankfurt School’s [[Herbert Marcuse]], longtime associate of the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]]’s [[Julian Bond]]. Marcuse invented the concept of “partisan tolerance,” that is, [[tolerance]] for leftist ideas and [[intolerance]] of all others. The Southern Poverty Law Center applied Marcuse’s strategy in developing its “Hate Watch” list, and ''[[Rules for Radicals]]'' author [[Saul Alinsky]] used it in his own life’s work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to the [[Alabama]]-based '''Capstone Report''', Critical race theory has made its way into some of the [[Southern Baptist Convention]]'s (SBC) seminaries.  At its 2019 Annual Meeting, messengers to the SBC narrowly passed Resolution 9, which stated that CRT (along with [[intersectionality]], another controversial construct) could be &amp;quot;useful tools&amp;quot; in interpreting modern issues (though it pointed out that any such use not impinge on [[Biblical inerrancy]] or infallibility).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Criticism==&lt;br /&gt;
Peter M. Burfeind writes,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://thefederalist.com/2020/09/24/why-black-lives-matter-only-empowers-racist-white-leftists/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox|[[Black Lives Matter]] is the operational arm of “critical race theory,” the [[postmodern]] philosophy of “critical theory” applied to race. Critical theory suffers an inescapable [[epistemology|epistemological]] conundrum. It’s the Liar’s Paradox: If a Cretan says all Cretans are liars, is he to be believed? [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So, who came up with critical theory? You got it: white men. Or do you not recognize in [[Immanuel Kant]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]], [[Michel Foucault]], Jean Baudrillard, Ferdinand de Saussure, George Herbert Mead, [[Noam Chomsky]], Hans-Georg Gadamer, [[Roland Barthes]], and [[Jacques Derrida]], a whiteness the lilies themselves would envy. Should we not add critical theory to the list of oppressive systems dead white men came up with to advance [[white supremacy |white power]]? [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to its own terms, critical race theory must be racist. Furthermore, Black Lives Matter, the political movement based on its theories, must also be racist—and not black racism, but white racism. At a deep, subconscious level, it serves the purpose of advancing and enhancing “white privilege.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How else do you explain rich white kids screeching venom at black [[police]] officers and business owners?&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://pjmedia.com/news-and-politics/tyler-o-neil/2020/06/23/watch-white-blm-protester-calls-black-cop-n-word-in-profane-tirade-n567409&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Or how else do you explain that the theorist who’s been most empowered by critical race theory is white author Robin DiAngelo?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ruminate on the sad indisputability of this statement for a moment: Something in the [[leftist]]s’ minds needs to keep minorities from finding [[hope]] and advancing in existent American “systems.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Meanwhile, of necessity by the terms of critical race theory, the flip side of this dynamic is going on. Leftists feel the [[new world order]] will advance their wills to power. Now, at the subconscious level, leftists don’t know they’re doing this. They may reject they’re doing this — because they have [[white fragility]]. Or, more accurately, they are projecting onto others what they themselves are.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They are truly the racists, as they always have been. And here’s sort of an obvious point: They’re telling everyone this now. This is exactly what they’re currently saying: “We’re all racist.” To which I say, “Speak for yourself, but interesting what you’re saying.” [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Who do you suppose will benefit most from that new regime of [[civil rights]] law? Sounds like a nice system if you’re an upper-middle-class white leftist. That’s because it is. It’s exactly as critical race theory proposes. “Whites gonna white,” says the theory, so how can the theory itself be anything other than the latest vehicle for whites to empower themselves?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The evidence bears this out. The left has had decades of power and control of our cities, [[academia]], and [[media]]. They’ve had ample opportunities to demonstrate the wonders of their ideas. Yet all we see is the [[systemic racism|perpetuation of the very things they decry]], while they gain more and more power.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For decades, we’ve been told all the [[violence]] and ugliness spawned by leftism are merely the birth pangs of a new system. Well, how long do you leftists need to give birth? Enough already! Give us a taste of the glories of the New World in your [[Democrat urban issues|urban microcosms]]!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Or maybe, as Maya Angelou said, “When someone shows you who he is, believe him.” Leftists are outing themselves as racists complicit in perpetuating systems of oppression. Maybe we should believe them. [...]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Perhaps an honest appraisal of critical race theory is in order, so we can liberate ourselves from the sticky epistemological tentacles of a nonsensical theory. Unfortunately, writ into the DNA of its axioms is the deconstruction of rational dialogue — that too, you see, is just another tool of white privilege. Leftism can’t have room for questions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We could extol what is by and large a just system for the advancement of anyone who applies himself and works hard — the American system. Individuals in that system could be spending their days in hope and personal achievement using the liberties available to them in this country. Or we could have a healthy discussion about race as it relates to traditional American principles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yet instead, we’ll just have to wait for the virus of critical race theory to work its [[nihilism|nihilistic]] destruction on the black community, while whites sit on the sidelines with their shut, masked mouths, on bended knee, advancing their privilege.}}&lt;br /&gt;
==Trump Administration==&lt;br /&gt;
On September 4, 2020, President Trump ordered federal executive branch departments to halt employee training based upon critical race theory.  Russ Vought, director of the Office of Management and Budget, wrote a memo announcing Trump's instruction to stop using controversial forms of training on “critical race theory,” “white privilege” and “any other training or propaganda effort that teaches or suggests either...that the United States is an inherently racist or evil country or...that any race or ethnicity is inherently racist or evil.”  Vought added, “These types of ‘trainings’ not only run counter to the fundamental beliefs for which our Nation has stood since its inception, but they also engender division and resentment within the Federal workforce.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-ends-critical-race-theory-training-federal-employees|title=Trump ends 'critical race theory' training for federal employees, calls it a 'sickness'|date=September 5, 2020|work=Fox News|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Vought's memo concludes:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox| The divisive, false, and demeaning propaganda of the critical race theory movement is&lt;br /&gt;
contrary to all we stand for as Americans and should have no place in the Federal government.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/M-20-34.pdf|title=MEMORANDUM FOR THE HEADS OF EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES M20-34|date=September 4, 2020|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On September 22, 2020, President Trump followed up with an Executive Order on &amp;quot;Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-combating-race-sex-stereotyping/|title=Executive Order on Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping&lt;br /&gt;
|date=September 22, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The Executive Order prohibits teaching CRT to the Uniformed Services or requiring members of the Uniformed Services from being sanctions for refusing agree with CRT.  All federal government contractors are prohibited from using CRT-based trainings.  Entities that receive federal grants are also prohibited.  The Executive Order recognizes the inconsistency between CRT and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.  The Attorney General must research how CRT could establish a hostile work environment prohibited by Title VII.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Critical legal studies]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[1619 Project]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{communism}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Postmodernism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Marxism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racism]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=University_of_Denver&amp;diff=1691952</id>
		<title>University of Denver</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=University_of_Denver&amp;diff=1691952"/>
		<updated>2020-10-03T08:37:08Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: start article&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{University&lt;br /&gt;
|name = University of Denver&lt;br /&gt;
|former_name=Colorado Seminary (1864-1880)&lt;br /&gt;
|type = Private &lt;br /&gt;
|endowment = $786.4 million (2019)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;As of June 30, 2019. {{cite web |url=https://www.nacubo.org/-/media/Nacubo/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2019-Endowment-Market-Values--Final-Feb-10.ashx? |title=U.S. and Canadian 2019 NTSE Participating Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2019 Endowment Market Value, and Percentage Change in Market Value from FY18 to FY19 (Revised) |publisher=National Association of College and University Business Officers and TIAA |access-date=April 19, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|faculty = 763 (2019 Fall)&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ReferenceA&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|size = 12,931 (2019 Fall)&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ReferenceA&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.du.edu/ir/factbook/ |title=University Factbook |publisher=DU.edu |accessdate =May 2, 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|city = [[Denver]], Colorado&lt;br /&gt;
|colors =  Crimson and Gold&lt;br /&gt;
|website = www.du.edu&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
The '''University of Denver''' is a private college located in [[Denver]], Colorado.  Methodists founded it in 1864, making it the oldest independent private university in the Rocky Mountain Region of the United States.  In 1880, it was renamed the University of Denver although its legal name continues to be &amp;quot;Colorado Seminary.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Fritz Knoebel School of Hospitality Management had its first graduating class in 1946, making it one of the oldest college hotel school programs in the United States.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
DU hosts 20 fraternities and sororities.  Currently, 22% of DU's students are involved with fraternities and sororities, and many of those students also hold positions in the Undergraduate Student Government, the University of Denver Programs Board (DUPB), Student Media Board, and many other organizations across campus.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.du.edu/studentlife/engagement/get-involved/fraternity-sorority-life.html|title=Fraternity &amp;amp; Sorority Life|accessdate=Oct. 2, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In September 2020, the University of Denver suspended  38 members of its men’s and women’s swimming and diving teams after the students attended a large, off-campus party that violated COVID-19 restrictions.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/university-of-denver-suspends-38-swimming-and-diving-student-athletes-for-violating-covid-19-restrictions-after-attending-large-off-campus-party|title=University of Denver suspends 38 swimming and diving student athletes for violating COVID-19 restrictions after attending large, off-campus party|work=Fox News|date=September 30, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Colorado]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{Nb_US_universities|Colorado}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Politically_correct_renaming&amp;diff=1691493</id>
		<title>Politically correct renaming</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Politically_correct_renaming&amp;diff=1691493"/>
		<updated>2020-10-01T18:15:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: /* Examples */ Millard Fillmore&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Politically correct renaming''' refers to the form of mind control that confuses and undermines a person's self-confidence by altering familiar frames of reference.  Society tends to honor historic figures by applying their name to cities, rivers, colleges, professorships or buildings.  In some cases, the naming is due to a donation and in other cases it is an expression of gratitude or tribute to virtue.  In this way, society designates the person as an example of virtue.  Similarly, the person honored builds his image, brand or reputation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Critical race theory demands a re-examination of naming decisions, particularly with regard to whether the honored individual held beliefs that would not be acceptable in today's society.  If a person owned slaves during a time that slavery was legal and an acceptable form of investment, such ownership under this theory makes the person unworthy of present-day honor and the name must be changed.  Instead of acknowledging that people are very complicated with both virtues worth celebrating along with failings, historic figures must be erased at the slightest provocation.  This is an application of [[cancel culture]] to a target that does not have a present career.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some protestors seeking to erase these historic figures have defaced or vandalizes statues or markers commemorating them.  In response, President Trump signed an Executive Order on Protecting American Monuments, Memorials, and Statues and Combating Recent Criminal Violence.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-protecting-american-monuments-memorials-statues-combating-recent-criminal-violence/|title=Executive Order on Protecting American Monuments, Memorials, and Statues and Combating Recent Criminal Violence|date=June 24, 2020|accessdate=2020-09-10}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Examples ==&lt;br /&gt;
Local [[Democratic Party]] units held a nation-wide series of fundraising dinners called the [[Jefferson Jackson Dinner]].  These events have been renamed, for example as &amp;quot;Blue Victory Dinners.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The [[Jefferson Davis Highway]] was a national road designed before highway route numbers became common in response to the designation of a coast-to-coast [[Lincoln Highway]] through northern states.  Local governments are now renaming their segments of the Jefferson Davis Highway.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1971, the portion of California Route 90 between [[Interstate 405]] and Marina Del Ray was named in honor of President [[Richard Nixon]].  In 1976, following [[Watergate]], the freeway was renamed the Marina Freeway.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2010/11/nixon-freeway-michael-jackson-auditorium-some-questionable-la-names.html|title=Nixon Freeway? Michael Jackson Auditorium? Some L.A. place names are no longer|date=November 14, 2010|accessdate=2020-09-11|work=Los Angeles Times}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1944, Liberty Hyde Bailey named an area of the [[Cornell University]] campus the &amp;quot;Cornell Plantations&amp;quot; to serve as a botanic teaching area.  That department earned an international reputation.  In response to the demands of black students who claimed the word &amp;quot;plantations&amp;quot; reminded them of slavery, it was renamed the &amp;quot;Cornell Bonatic Gardens&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref name=plant&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://dailycaller.com/2016/08/28/cornell-university-renames-cornell-plantations/|title=Cornell University Renames ‘Cornell Plantations’|date=August 28, 2016|accessdate=2020-09-10}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  In 2010, [[Rhode Island]] voters rejected a constitutional amendment to change the state’s official name, &amp;quot;State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref name=plant/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Princeton University]] honored [[Woodrow Wilson]], who served as both President of Princeton and of the United States, by naming its public policy school after him.  In 2020, Princeton removed his name from the school.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/27/nyregion/princeton-university-woodrow-wilson.html|title=Princeton Will Remove Woodrow Wilson’s Name From School|first=Bryan|last=Pietsch&lt;br /&gt;
|date=June 27, 2020|work=New York Times|accesdate=2020-09-11}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Student protestors demanded that [[Washington and Lee University]] change its name even though [[Robert E. Lee]] served as President of that school.  The school faculty voted to support dropping the name.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/susanadams/2020/07/07/washington-and-lee-faculty-vote-to-remove-lee-from-universitys-name/#78292eda7c87|title=Washington And Lee Faculty Vote To Remove ‘Lee’ From University’s Name|date=July 7, 2020|accessdate=2020-09-10}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Arlington Virginia officials voted to rename Washington and Lee High School &amp;quot;Washington Liberty High School.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.asumag.com/facilities-management/business-finance/article/20856838/in-arlington-va-washingtonlee-high-school-is-renamed-washington-liberty-high|title=In Arlington, Va., Washington-Lee High School is renamed Washington Liberty High|date=January 11, 2019|accessdate=2020-09-11}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
SUNY New Paltz renamed six buildings that were named after former slaveholders.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.asumag.com/facilities-management/article/20857000/suny-new-paltz-is-renaming-6-buildings-that-carried-slaveowner-names|title=SUNY New Paltz is renaming 6 buildings that carried slaveowner names|date=April 2, 2019|accessdate=2020-09-11}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of the twelve residential colleges at [[Yale University]] was named in honor of U.S. Vice President [[John C. Calhoun]], a proponent of slavery and states rights.  In 2017, Yale renamed it for Grace Murray Hopper, a Yale alumna and a pioneering computer scientist.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.asumag.com/facilities-management/business-finance/article/20853691/yale-university-reverses-decision-renames-calhoun-college|title=Yale University reverses decision, renames Calhoun College|date= Feb. 13, 2017|accessdate=2020-09-11}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In California, a number of streets and buildings were named for Father [[Junipero Serra|Junípero Serra]] who established a string of missions along the California coast.  Activists are demanding name changes in light of his mistreatment of the indigenous population.  In 2019 [[Stanford University]]’s Serra House where the [[Clayman Institute for Gender Research]] is located was renamed the [[Carolyn Attneave|Carolyn Lewis Attneave House]].&amp;lt;ref name=mercury&amp;gt;{{cite news|first=Jason |last=Green |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/03/01/stanford-renames-buildings-for-sally-ride-carolyn-attneave/amp/ |title=Stanford renames buildings for Sally Ride, Carolyn Attneave |work=Mercurynews.com |date=2019 |accessdate=2020-09-10}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; That same year, [[Stanford University]]’s other Serra House located in Lucie Stern Hall was renamed the [[Sally Ride]] House.&amp;lt;ref name=mercury/&amp;gt; It was formerly named after Serra.&amp;lt;ref name=mercury/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
David Starr Jordan was a [[Indiana University]] professor of zoology from 1875 to 1885 and then served as IU's seventh President from 1885 to 1891.  He then left to be founding president of [[Stanford University]].  Jordan Hall, Jordan River, Jordan Avenue and the Jordan Parking Garage were all named in his honor.  On July 2, 2020, an IU committee was appointed to consider renaming these because some people disagree with certain statements and views that Jordan held.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://news.iu.edu/stories/2020/07/iub/releases/02-jordan-review-committee-appointed.htm|title=Committee appointed to review Jordan namings on IU Bloomington campus|date=July 2, 2020|accessdate=2020-09-10}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Millard Fillmore]] was not only thirteenth President of the United States. he was also  comptroller of New York, a member of the United States House of Representatives, vice president of the United States, and founder and first Chancellor of the State University of New York at Buffalo.   He was not a slaveholder.  SUNY Buffalo is in the process of renaming the Millard Fillmore Academic Center, because Fillmore signed the Fugitive Slave Act while President.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://legalinsurrection.com/2020/08/university-at-buffalo-removing-president-millard-fillmores-name-from-campus/#more|title=University at Buffalo Removing President Millard Fillmore’s Name From Campus|date=August 5, 2020|accessdate=2020-10-01}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Bigotry]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Wichita_State_University&amp;diff=1691458</id>
		<title>Wichita State University</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Wichita_State_University&amp;diff=1691458"/>
		<updated>2020-10-01T14:14:01Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: started article&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{University&lt;br /&gt;
| name = Wichita State University&lt;br /&gt;
| type = Public&lt;br /&gt;
| endowment = $276.142 million (2019)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;As of June 30, 2019. {{cite web |url=https://www.nacubo.org/-/media/Nacubo/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2019-Endowment-Market-Values--Final-Feb-10.ashx? |title=U.S. and Canadian 2019 NTSE Participating Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2019 Endowment Market Value, and Percentage Change in Market Value from FY18 to FY19 (Revised) |publisher=National Association of College and University Business Officers and TIAA |access-date=July 8, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| size = 16,058 (Fall 2019)&amp;lt;ref name=Enrollment&amp;gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wichita.edu/services/planning_and_analysis/documents/Enrollment_Fall_Census_OPAweb.pdf|title=Student Enrollment Factbook for Fall Census Day|publisher=Wichita State University|access-date=July 9, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| city = [[Wichita, Kansas|Wichita]]&lt;br /&gt;
| mascot = WuShock&lt;br /&gt;
| website = www.wichita.edu&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Wichita State University''' is a public research university located in [[Wichita]] Kansas.  It was founded in 1895 as Fairmont College, a private college.  The city of Wichita bought the school in 1926, and it later was incorporated into the Kansas State system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2020, [[Ivanka Trump]] was invited to give a virtual graduation address to WSU's technical program.  However, under political pressure, President Jay Golden revoked the invitation.  In turn, the Board of Regents accepted Golden's resignation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/article246012950.html |title=Wichita State President Jay Golden resigns less than a year after taking over |first=Chance |last=Swaim |publisher=[[The Wichita Eagle]] |date=September 25, 2020 |accessdate=September 29, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Kansas]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Murray_State_University&amp;diff=1690231</id>
		<title>Murray State University</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Murray_State_University&amp;diff=1690231"/>
		<updated>2020-09-26T22:35:31Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: add template&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Murray State University''' ('''MSU'''&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Not to be confused with [[Michigan State University]]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;) is a public liberal arts institution of higher education which is located in Murray, [[Kentucky]].&lt;br /&gt;
==Notes/References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://murraystate.edu Website]&lt;br /&gt;
{{Nb_US_universities|Kentucky}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Kentucky]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=University_of_Kentucky&amp;diff=1690230</id>
		<title>University of Kentucky</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=University_of_Kentucky&amp;diff=1690230"/>
		<updated>2020-09-26T22:34:42Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: /* External links */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{University&lt;br /&gt;
|name=University of Kentucky&lt;br /&gt;
|image=&lt;br /&gt;
|text=white&lt;br /&gt;
|background=#005DAA&lt;br /&gt;
|type=Public&lt;br /&gt;
|city=Lexington, Kentucky&lt;br /&gt;
|sports=baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, gymnastics, rifle, soccer, softball, swimming and diving, tennis, track, volleyball&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;sports&amp;quot;&amp;gt;http://www.ukathletics.com&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|colors=blue, white&lt;br /&gt;
|mascot=Wildcats&lt;br /&gt;
|website=[http://www.uky.edu uky.edu]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
The '''University of Kentucky''', the flagship university of the Commonwealth of [[Kentucky]], is located in [[Lexington, Kentucky]], the second-largest city in the state.  The Wildcat is mascot of the University, and their colors are royal blue and white.  The University is most known for its men's [[basketball]] teams, which have the most wins in the history of [[NCAA]] athletics, and have brought home the 2nd most titles in NCAA history, with 7.  Past alumni of the basketball team include Dan Issel, Pat Riley, Jamal Mashburn, Kenny Walker, and Tayshaun Prince. In total, the school has 10 men's and 11 [[Title IX|women]]'s sports teams.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;sports&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==Notes==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
== External links ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.uky.edu Official Website]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Kentucky]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{Nb_US_universities|Kentucky}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=University_of_Kentucky&amp;diff=1690229</id>
		<title>University of Kentucky</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=University_of_Kentucky&amp;diff=1690229"/>
		<updated>2020-09-26T22:34:01Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: /* External links */ template creates cats&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{University&lt;br /&gt;
|name=University of Kentucky&lt;br /&gt;
|image=&lt;br /&gt;
|text=white&lt;br /&gt;
|background=#005DAA&lt;br /&gt;
|type=Public&lt;br /&gt;
|city=Lexington, Kentucky&lt;br /&gt;
|sports=baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, gymnastics, rifle, soccer, softball, swimming and diving, tennis, track, volleyball&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;sports&amp;quot;&amp;gt;http://www.ukathletics.com&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|colors=blue, white&lt;br /&gt;
|mascot=Wildcats&lt;br /&gt;
|website=[http://www.uky.edu uky.edu]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
The '''University of Kentucky''', the flagship university of the Commonwealth of [[Kentucky]], is located in [[Lexington, Kentucky]], the second-largest city in the state.  The Wildcat is mascot of the University, and their colors are royal blue and white.  The University is most known for its men's [[basketball]] teams, which have the most wins in the history of [[NCAA]] athletics, and have brought home the 2nd most titles in NCAA history, with 7.  Past alumni of the basketball team include Dan Issel, Pat Riley, Jamal Mashburn, Kenny Walker, and Tayshaun Prince. In total, the school has 10 men's and 11 [[Title IX|women]]'s sports teams.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;sports&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==Notes==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
== External links ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.uky.edu Official Website]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Nb_US_universities|Kentucky}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Category:Kentucky_Universities&amp;diff=1690227</id>
		<title>Category:Kentucky Universities</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Category:Kentucky_Universities&amp;diff=1690227"/>
		<updated>2020-09-26T22:32:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: started cat&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Category:United States Universities]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Transylvania_University&amp;diff=1690226</id>
		<title>Transylvania University</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Transylvania_University&amp;diff=1690226"/>
		<updated>2020-09-26T22:31:07Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: update&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{University&lt;br /&gt;
|name=Transylvania University&lt;br /&gt;
|background=Crimson&lt;br /&gt;
|type=Private&lt;br /&gt;
|city=Lexington, Kentucky&lt;br /&gt;
|size=963&lt;br /&gt;
|colors=Crimson&lt;br /&gt;
|mascot=Raf, Rafinesque's big-eared bat&lt;br /&gt;
|website=http://www.transy.edu/&lt;br /&gt;
|endowment=$191.2 million (as of 6/30/19)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nacubo.org/-/media/Nacubo/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2019-Endowment-Market-Values--Final-Feb-10.ashx|title=U.S. and Canadian 2019 NTSE Participating Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2019 Endowment Market Value, and Percentage Change in Market Value from FY18 to FY19 (PDF)|accessdate=2020-09-06}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Transylvania University''' is a private university located in [[Lexington, Kentucky]] known for its small university size and being the highest ranked university in the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Founded in 1780, it is the oldest university in Kentucky and among the oldest in the nation. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Its most notable graduates include: Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederacy, two U.S. vice presidents, John C. Breckinridge and Richard Mentor Johnson, and two U.S. Supreme Court justices, John Marshall Harlan and Samuel Freeman Miller.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Fall 2020, Transy fell into controversy by granting admission to High school student [[Nick Sandmann]] who had worn a MAGA hat while visiting the Lincoln Memorial on a school field trip.&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.transy.edu/ Website]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Nb_US_universities|Kentucky}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation&amp;diff=1688813</id>
		<title>Wikimedia Foundation</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation&amp;diff=1688813"/>
		<updated>2020-09-21T13:57:55Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: /* Lawsuits */ tense&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.''' (WMF) is a not-for-profit Florida corporation with its principle place of business in [[San Francisco, California]]. It was founded by [[Jimmy Wales]], who has a permanent position on the Board of Directors. It operates several online collaborative wiki projects including [[Wikipedia]], [[Wiktionary]], [[Wikiquote]], [[Wikibooks]], [[Wikisource]], [[Wikimedia Commons]], [[Wikispecies]], [[Wikinews]], [[Wikiversity]], Wikimedia Incubator, Meta-Wiki, [[Wikidata]], [[Wikivoyage]], and owns the now-defunct Nupedia online encyclopedia.  Its Executive Director is Katherine Maher.  In essence, an operator of a phonographic website, set up a non-profit foundation to which to transfer his crowd-sourced project, only to end up with the Chairman of its Board of Directors being a lesbian secretly married to a woman who misused her Foundation connections to openly harass male volunteers that attempted to maintain quality control on her articles.  The WMF Board then turned its back on the army of long-time volunteers to reinvent their projects to promote subjective individual personal opinions rather than objective truth to create &amp;quot;epistemic justice.&amp;quot;  Meanwhile, it is using its donations to sue the National Security Agency (NSA) over government efforts to fight terrorism.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
HQ is 1 Montgomery Street, Suite 1600, San Francisco, CA 94104 Phone:(415) 839-6885 Supposed business hours: 9AM–5PM PST.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Contact_us&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  However, the WMF shifted to remote operations and half-time work at full-time pay in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2020/03/06/wikimedia-foundation-will-close-san-francisco-office-and-encourage-remote-work-for-march-2020-amidst-covid-19-concerns/|title=Amid COVID-19, Wikimedia Foundation offers full pay for reduced hours, mobilizes all staff to work remote, and waives sick time|date=March 6, 2020|accessdate=Sept. 20, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the fiscal year ending 6/30/17, the Executive Director's salary was $307,141.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=search.summary&amp;amp;orgid=11212|title=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=June 24, 2019}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
The creation of the foundation was officially announced on June 20, 2003, by the [[atheism|atheist]] and Wikipedia co-founder [[Jimmy Wales]],&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Rupert Neate&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite news | first = Rupert | last = Neate | title = Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales goes bananas | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/mediatechnologyandtelecoms/3399843/Wikipedia-founder-Jimmy-Wales-goes-bananas.html |work=The Daily Telegraph  | date= October 7, 2008 | accessdate =October 25, 2009 | quote = The encyclopedia's huge fan base became such a drain on Bomis's resources that Mr Wales, and co-founder Larry Sanger, thought of a radical new funding model&amp;amp;nbsp;– charity.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; who had been operating Wikipedia within his pornographic company [[Bomis]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web | url = http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2003-June/010743.html | title = Wikipedia English mailing list message | date = June 20, 2003 | first = Jimmy | last = Wales | authorlink = Jimmy Wales}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; At the time, Wikipedia was operating out of Bomis' offices in St. Petersburg, Florida.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The name &amp;quot;Wikimedia&amp;quot; was [[neologism|coined]] by American author [[Sheldon Rampton]] in a post to the English mailing list in March 2003.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web | url = http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2003-March/001887.html | title = Wikipedia English mailing list message | date = March 16, 2003 | first = Sheldon | last = Rampton | authorlink = Sheldon Rampton }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
At the start, Wales transferred ownership of all Wikipedia, Wiktionary and [[Nupedia]] [[domain name]]s to Wikimedia along with the copyrights for all materials related to these projects that were created by [[Bomis]] employees or Wales himself. The computer equipment used to run all the Wikimedia projects was also donated by Wales to the foundation, which also acquired the domain names &amp;quot;wikimedia.org&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;wikimediafoundation.org&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In April 2005, the US [[Internal Revenue Service]] determined that the foundation was an educational foundation in the category &amp;quot;[[Adult education|Adult]], [[Continuing education|Continuing Education]]&amp;quot;, making all contributions to the foundation [[Tax deduction|tax-deductible]] for U.S. federal income tax purposes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On September 25, 2007, the foundation's board decided to move to the [[San Francisco Bay Area]]. The Board said its major reasons for choosing San Francisco were proximity to like-minded organizations and potential partners as well as cheaper and more convenient international travel than is available from St. Petersburg, Florida.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;MoncadaWikimoveTribune&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web | url = http://www2.tbo.com/content/2007/sep/25/wikimedia-foundation-moving-another-bay-area/?news-breaking | title= Wikimedia Foundation Moving To Another Bay Area | author = Carlos Moncada | work = [[The Tampa Tribune]] |date = September 25, 2007 | quote = }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;MullinsWikimoveTribune&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web | url= http://www.tbo.com/news/money/MGBNF5F517F.html | title = Online Encyclopedia To Leave St. Petersburg For San Francisco | author = Richard Mullins | work = The Tampa Tribune |date = September 26, 2007 | quote = }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;KimWikimoveSFChronicle&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web | url= https://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/10/10/BU69SNMQ2.DTL&amp;amp;tsp=1 | title = Wikipedia team plans move to San Francisco | first = Ryan | last = Kim |work=San Francisco Chronicle | date = October 10, 2007 | quote = }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Wikimedia Foundation Board met in 2016 in a small town in Italy to discuss transparency and communication.  The Foundation funded all Board members' travel to Italy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Wikia==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Main|Wikia}}&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In January 2004, [[Jimmy Wales]] appointed his business partners [[Tim Shell]] and Michael E. Davis to the foundation's board. In June 2004, an election was held for two user representative board members. Following one month of campaigning and two weeks of online voting, [[Angela Beesley Starling|Angela Beesley]] and [[Florence Devouard|Florence Nibart-Devouard]] were elected to join the board. In late 2004, Wales and Beesley launched a startup company, [[Wikia]], affiliated with neither Wikimedia nor Bomis, except for their presence as principals/trustees. In July 2005, Beesley and Nibart-Devouard were re-elected to the board. On July 1, 2006, Beesley resigned from the board effective upon election of her successor, expressing concern about &amp;quot;certain events and tendencies that have arisen within the organization since the start of this year,&amp;quot; but stating her intent to continue to participate in the Wikimedia projects, and in the formation of an Australian chapter. A special election was held in September to finish Beesley's term, ending with the mid-2007 election. [[Erik Möller]] won the election. Möller was subsequently hired as Deputy Executive Director of the WMF. On December 8, 2006, the board expanded to seven people with the appointments of Kat Walsh and [[Oscar van Dillen]]. Walsh was elected Chair of the board in July 2012. Walsh was not re-elected to the WMF Board in 2013.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wales and Beesley continued to develop Wikia as a for-profit alternative to the WMF projects, and some critics allege that by deleting very specialized articles and content from Wikipedia, a core team was pushing people to develop specialized wikis on Wikia. When Wikipedia community voted 61-39% percent to treat all links to other sites equally by removing nofollow (Google-ignored) tags for all of them, the Wikipedia co-founder overruled this decision and Wikipedia now favors Wikia in its treatment of nofollow tags.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.techcrunch.com/2007/04/28/wikipedia-special-treatment-for-wikia-and-other-wikis/|title=Wikipedia: Special Treatment for Wikia and some other Wikis|author=Nik Cubrilovic|date=April 28, 2007|accessdate=July 22, 2012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2007-January/061137.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Michael E. Davis, a former business partner of Wales who served for years as a founding member of the WMF board and was MWF's Treasurer, was named Treasurer and Secretary of Wikia in January 2006. In January 2009, Wikia subleased two conference rooms to the WMF.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wales continues as a voting member of the WMF Board and serves as its spokesperson.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In August 2009, Matt Halprin, Partner of the Omidyar Network, was asked to join the Wikimedia Foundation board of trustees. Halprin was responsible for an Omidyar team that “pursues investments in Social Media”, and Omidyar invested part of $4 million into Wikia, Inc. in 2006. So, his company would succeed if Wikia made a nice return on investment, yet of all of the available competent Silcon Valley experts, the WMF selected Halprin to serve on the Board that is entrusted to ensure that the WMF treats Wikia on an arms-length basis.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2006, Wikia received a major round of venture capital funding from Amazon.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/stories/2006/12/04/daily16.html?jst=b_ln_hl|title=Amazon invests in Wikia|work=Puget Sound Business Journal|date=December 6, 2006|accessdate=February 4, 2013}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Although a large number of payment processors are available, as of 2013, the WMF uses Amazon to process donation payments.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Village_pump_%28policy%29&amp;amp;diff=526220744&amp;amp;oldid=526213000#Wikipedia_is_now_enriching_itself_by_contributing_to_the_destruction_of_small_businesses|title=Wikipedia:Village pump (policy)|date=December 3, 2012|accessdate=February 4, 2013}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wikia created the &amp;quot;Speedy Deletion Wikia&amp;quot; in which a robot harvested the Wikipedia articles that were deleted on an expedited basis and then reposted them on Wikia.  These included copyrighted material and pornographic images that were deleted because of their objectionable nature.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jimbo_Wales&amp;amp;diff=498803845&amp;amp;oldid=498803787|title=User Talk:Jimbo Wales|accessdate=January 13, 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Controversies==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Patrick administration===&lt;br /&gt;
WMF announced on 2006-06-19 that it had hired attorney Bradford Patrick as internal counsel acted as interim Executive Director.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2006-06-19/Brad_Patrick&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In early 2007, a prominent Wikipedia editor, named only &amp;quot;Essjay&amp;quot; online and described on his user profile &amp;quot;as a tenured professor of religion at a private university with expertise in canon law,&amp;quot; was exposed as a 24-year-old college kid in Kentucky. He resigned in disgrace — even though Wikipedia tried to retain him, claiming he'd edited thousands of articles with flair.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essjay_controversy&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Gardner administration===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====Doran scandal====&lt;br /&gt;
In January 2007, WMF named Carolyn Doran chief operating officer and Sandy Ordonez joined as [http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Head_of_Communications head of communications].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web | title = Current staff | publisher = Wikimedia Foundation | url = https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Current_staff | accessdate =February 1, 2007 | author = Danny | authorlink = foundation:User:Danny | archiveurl = https://wikimediafoundation.org/w/index.php?title=Current_staff&amp;amp;oldid=19370 | archivedate = February 1, 2007 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Doran began working at WMF as a part-time bookkeeper in 2006 after being sent by a [[Temporary work|temporary agency]]. Doran later left the foundation in July 2007, and [[Sue Gardner]] was hired as consultant and special advisor (later becoming the Chief Executive Officer). It was later disclosed&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news | first = Cade | last = Metz | title = Wikipedia COO was convicted felon | url = http://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/12/13/wikimedia_coo_convicted_felon/ | date = December 13, 2007 | accessdate =December 27, 2007 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; that Doran was a convicted [[felony|felon]], with a [[DUI]] arrest during her tenure at the foundation and a substantial criminal history, including shooting her boyfriend and complicity in credit card forgery.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news |authorlink=Brian Bergstein | first = Brian | last = Bergstein | title = Felon Became COO of Wikipedia Foundation | url = http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5hcWLu3fg-aDeJNfWTY6hlbz93oCwD8TM0HVG0 | date = December 21, 2007 | accessdate =December 27, 2007 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Her departure from the organization was cited as one of the reasons the foundation took about seven months to release its fiscal 2007 financial audit.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news | author = Ral315 | title = ''Signpost'' interview: Florence Devouard | url = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2007-11-19/Anthere_interview | work = The Wikipedia Signpost | date = November 19, 2007 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====2014 Staffing controversies====&lt;br /&gt;
One of the growing pains that organizations experience is that paid staff can be hired and perhaps perform their job duties well, but their off-duty conduct brings discredit to their employer.  This is particularly challenging for the WMF, who hired staff from the pool of Wikipedia volunteers, with many staff continuing to edit Wikipedia outside their regular WMF job duties.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In January 2014,  Sarah Stierch was discovered to have written Wikipedia articles for hire while being a full-time WMF employee. The WMF promptly announced her departure as an employee without any official explanation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2014-January/129466.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2014-01-08/News_and_notes|work=Wikimedia Signpost|date=January 8, 2014|title=WMF employee forced out over &amp;quot;paid advocacy editing&amp;quot;|accessdate=March 12, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In March 2014,  Ryan Kaldari, who has been working for the WMF for almost four years and is a Wikipedia administrator, got into an editing battle with another editor. Kaldari then made complaining comments about that editor under a second assumed name.  For that policy violation, Kaldari lost his administrator privileges.  However, the dispute caused Wikipedia users to research Kaldari's background and discovered that for years he has been the owner and operator of several other websites including &amp;quot;Snuffster.com&amp;quot;, which was intended as a parody of Friendster, but soon became a haven for Internet trolls to mock murdered children.  Kaldari has been paying for the site for 10 years and has actively added comments to various threads on the site.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.examiner.com/article/wikimedia-foundation-employee-caught-sockpuppeting-and-loses-admin-rights|first=Gregory|last=Kohs|title=Wikimedia Foundation employee caught sockpuppeting and loses admin rights |date=March 8, 204|accessdate=March 12, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.dailydot.com/news/wikipedia-sockpuppet-ryan-kaldari/|title=Wikipedia staffer at center of latest sockpuppet scandal|first=Rob|last=Price|work=Daily Dot|date= March 12, 2014|accessdate=March 16, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Kaldari's poor judgment in owning and operating this site was called to the attention of Jimbo Wales, who dismissed it out of hand.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jimbo_Wales&amp;amp;oldid=599304349&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Tretikov Administration===&lt;br /&gt;
In March 2013, Executive Director Sue Gardner announced that she would leave,&amp;lt;ref name=bizinsider/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/The_search_for_our_next_Executive_Director Retrieved June 16, 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and an extensive search did not produce a satisfactory candidate.  After a second search, Russian-born Lila Tretikov was selected as Gardner's replacement, and she took office on June 2, 2014.  The WMF appointed a transition team to assist her in learning her new role, and there was a three-week transition period following the announcement of her selection.  At the time, Tretikov was dating PHP programmer Will Sinclair.  Both Tretikov and Sinclair attempted to become immersed in Wikipedia culture, and Sinclair quickly found his way to the noted criticism website [[Wikipediocracy]], where he registered an account.  On May 30-June 1, 2014, the WMF sponsored a conference called &amp;quot;WikiConference USA&amp;quot; at the [[New York Law School]] which welcomed everyone to attend including &amp;quot;the curious, the skeptical, and others wishing to engage in meaningful conversation about the Wikimedia movement in the United States.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/WikiCon_USA_2014_Press_Release_v1.pdf Retrieved June 16, 2014&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  However, the afternoon before the conference began, Greg Kohs who had proposed to give a presentation on &amp;quot;paid editing&amp;quot; had his registration cancelled and was told not to attend.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://wikipediocracy.com/2014/06/02/wikiconference-usa-bans-critic-from-open-meeting/ Retrieved June 16, 2014&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Sinclair defended Kohs' right to attend and started a [http://wllm.com/ blog] and an [http://www.change.org/petitions/wikipedia-make-wikipedia-conferences-truly-open-to-all-by-allowing-greg-kohs-to-attend online petition] to advocate these views.  He also expressed his views on a WMF listserv.  In response, the WMF insiders turned vicious and openly suggested that Tretikov should break up their family and leave Sinclair because of his support for Kohs.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Jimbo#Regarding_the_nauseating_and_cowardly_remarks_made_by_Wikiconference_USA_attendees&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  On June 15, Sinclair announced on Mr. Wales talk page that he would no longer participate on Wikipediocracy.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jimbo_Wales&amp;amp;diff=612984072&amp;amp;oldid=612983354 June 15, 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Efforts to get Mr. Wales to clarify why Kohs was banned from the conference were met with censorship.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jimbo_Wales&amp;amp;diff=613156950&amp;amp;oldid=613156824 June 16, 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sinclair later in 2014 started his own &amp;quot;Off-Wiki&amp;quot; Wikipedia criticism site.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As Executive Director, Tretikov gave speeches and participated in meetings and conferences around the world.  Her travels may have made her less accessible to the WMF staff.  One important initiative that Tretikov started was improving the WMF's efforts in child protection.  Previously, the WMF left the decision to take disciplinary action against users to untrained volunteers on individual projects.  The project leaders complained that they were not properly trained to handle allegations that a user was a child predator.  Under Tretikov, the WMF legal staff began handling such complaints and banned a number of users from all WMF projects.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2015, the WMF Board and Tretikov reorganized the &amp;quot;Advancement&amp;quot; fundraising staff and secretly entered into an agreement with the [[Tides Foundation]] to establish a separate endowment fund.  The Tides Foundation was established by liberal [[George Soros]].  Under the arrangement, the Tides Foundation will invest and control the endowment until it reaches its goal of $100 million at which time the WMF and Tides will agree on how to handle the money in the future.  The WMF has hired staff to solicit and process gifts for the endowment, and the endowment was publicly launched on January 15, 2016.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://15.wikipedia.org/endowment.html|title=Wikimedia Endowment|accessdate=Feb. 26, 2016}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Many people have questioned how the WMF could embark on a $100 million endowment fund drive just a few weeks after a banner ad campaign on its website begging for money to keep its servers running.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2015, Tretikov reorganized the staff and launched a secret project to develop a &amp;quot;Knowledge Engine&amp;quot; (KE) which some planning documents said would compete with [[Google]] as a means of searching sources beyond the WMF projects by automating the process of evaluating what information on the Internet was reliable.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2016/02/head-of-wikimedia-foundation-resigns-as-tensions-with-editors-mount/ Wikimedia Foundation director resigns after uproar over “Knowledge Engine”], ''Ars Technica''.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Tretikov applied for a grant of $2 million per year over three years from the Knight Foundation, but only received a one-time $250,000 grant to explore the concept. In November 2015, the WMF Board reaffirmed its support of Tretikov's leadership and retained a management consultant to mentor her. In addition, a number of senior WMF staff (including Deputy Director Erik Möller) departed, some making critical public remarks as they left.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://wikipediocracy.com/2016/02/26/unicorns-are-a-myth-lila-tretikov-resigns-as-wikimedia-foundation-executive-director/#comment-44801|title=Unicorns are a Myth: Lila Tretikov resigns as Wikimedia Foundation Executive Director|date=Feb. 26, 2016|accessdate=Feb. 26, 2016}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; It is easy to imagine KE to evolve into an attempt to provide the equivalent of a FICO score for every domain name, perhaps every known person on Earth, that third-party software would likely utilities to influence how second-rate search engines would rank information. Wales frequently uses software features at his web sites to discredit or silence the communications anyone he disapproves of. Wales had previously welcomed the idea of having a biography for every person on Earth but the &amp;quot;deletionist&amp;quot; element of his &amp;quot;community&amp;quot; (who simply lust after the destroying of information about low-fame entities) rejected the notion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:James Heilman.png|thumb|left|200px|James Heilman, M.D. was removed from the Board]] In July 2015, James Heilman, MD was elected to the WMF Board by the editing community after starting working at WP in 2008 and being a very active (&amp;quot;many hours a day&amp;quot;) and highly qualified non-anonymous editor and later administrator. He made many mass media presentations promoting the project and worked to improve its reliability especially for those seeking medical information. He attempted to recruit other physicians to help in the effort. Heilman brought staff dissatisfaction with Tretikov's leadership to the Board and pressed for more information on the Knowledge Engine and the Knight Foundation grant. On December 28, 2015, on the eve of two members leaving the Board, the Board held an emergency meeting and removed Heilman from the WMF Board by a vote of 8 to 2. The Board released a statement that Heilman &amp;quot;lacked the confidence&amp;quot; of his fellow trustees. The Community responded to his dismissal by pressing for the release of the Knowledge Engine grant application resulting in a public apology from Tretikov for pushing the project without first gaining consensus. Heilman continues to spend many hours a day contributing to WP as an editor and an admin and continues to make media appearances promoting the WP project.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://thewikipedian.net/tag/james-heilman/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/11/08/501087493/should-i-trust-wikipedia-with-my-health&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The WMF Board appointed two new people to fill outside Board slots effective January 1, one of which was a Google executive, Arnnon Geshuri who was a central figure in an antitrust case.  Community outrage over this improperly vetted appointment resulted in his resignation from the WMF Board.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2016/01/editors-demand-ouster-of-wikimedia-board-member-involved-in-no-poach-deal/|title= Law &amp;amp; Disorder / Civilization &amp;amp; Discontents Wikipedia editors revolt, vote &amp;quot;no confidence&amp;quot; in newest board member|date=Jan. 25, 2016|accessdate=Feb. 25, 2016}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  On February 25, 2016, Tretikov announced her resignation as the Wikimedia Foundation's Executive Director.&amp;lt;ref name=ltresign/&amp;gt; She continued until March 31.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Maher Administration===&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Katherine Maher.jpg|thumb|right|Katherine Maher, Executive Director]]&lt;br /&gt;
Katherine Maher was announced as the interim ED was announced and later it was announced that she was appointed permanently to the position.&amp;lt;ref name=ltresign&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2016-February/082472.html|title=Executive transition planning|date=February 25, 2016|accessdate=February 25, 2016}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The female Chair of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Directors is married to Laura Hale.  Ms. Hale has a long history, dating back to 2011 of incompetent edits and abusing male editors.  A long-time male administrator, Fram, followed Ms. Hale around making corrections to her problematic edits.  In turn, Ms. Hale complained to the Trust &amp;amp; Security staff of the Wikimedia Foundation, rather than to the volunteer-staffed complaint mechanisms on Wikipedia.  Although the Trust &amp;amp; Security staff has previously banned a few editors for problems involving illegal conduct such as pedophilia, in June 2019, for the first time, they suspended Fram for one year for &amp;quot;incivility&amp;quot;.  In response, an English Wikipedia administrator lifted the block and was in turn stripped of his administratorship, and several other administrators resigned in protest.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram|title=Wikipedia:Community response to the Wikimedia Foundation's ban of Fram|accessdate=June 24, 2019}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  In response to a Buzzfeed article about the controversy,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/josephbernstein/wikipedia-ban-editor-culture-war|title=The Culture War Has Finally Come For Wikipedia|date=July 27, 2019|accessdate=July 28, 2019|work=Buzzfeed News}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Maher sent a tweet calling the article &amp;quot;s***ty.&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/krmaher/status/1144394019893460993|title=tweet|accessdate=June 28, 2019}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  As more Wikipedia Administrators and Bureaucrats resign or go on strike, the crisis has also been reported by Breitbart.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.breitbart.com/tech/2019/06/28/wikipedia-editors-revolt-over-sites-ban-of-veteran-administrator/|title=Wikipedia Editors Revolt over Site’s Ban of Veteran Administrator|date=July 28, 2019|work=Breitbart|accessdate=July 28, 2019}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Despite the Fram-Laura Hale scandal, on August 15, 2019, the WMF Board re-elected Laura Hale's wife to serve another year as Board chair.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2019/08/16/wikimedia-foundation-announces-shani-evenstein-sigalov-as-new-trustee-as-well-as-leadership-appointments-at-fifteenth-annual-wikimania/&lt;br /&gt;
|title=Wikimedia Foundation announces Shani Evenstein Sigalov as new Trustee, as well as leadership appointments at fifteenth annual Wikimania|date=August 16, 2019|accessdate=August 17, 2019}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is a fundamental rift at Wikipedia.  On the one hand, editors from the global north advocate that knowledge is produced by the scientific method, and that Wikipedia should only document verifiable facts.  On the other hand, editors from the global south believe that Western civilization is the product of old or dead white men and that Wikipedia should give voice to suppressed people who have personal experiences that may not meet the accepted standards currently imposed by the traditional views of knowledge.  These people advocate a &amp;quot;post-modernist&amp;quot; definition of knowledge, including folk remedies supplanting Western medicine and counteracting the historic bias that views males as holding key roles in history, when they serve as military or political leaders.  This later group views the current governing structure and resource allocation of the Foundation as illegitimate and wants to rebuild both Wikipedia and the Foundation into something very different so that when internet access spreads throughout the world by 2030, people in the global south will be involved with Wikipedia instead of some other website that might become established to serve their own communities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To assure that all views were heard, the WMF devoted millions of dollars on a strategic planning exercise that held workshops in the global south and provided very few opportunities for input from editors in Europe or the United States.  The result was a large set of self-contradictory recommendations.  Next, the WMF hosted a &amp;quot;harmonization sprint&amp;quot; in Tunis which was attended by Laura Hale's wife and Maher to try to unify the recommendations.  Finally, a writing group was appointed to write a self-consistent set of recommendations, for which public comment will be collected in January-February 2020.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although a large number of non-profit groups issued virtue signaling statements following the death of George Floyd, Maher (speaking for the WMF) used the opportunity to announce a complete surrender to the faction that refocused the mission on knowledge equity and also announced that WMF websites would abandon their unbiased coverage of race relations.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2020/06/03/we-stand-for-racial-justice/|title=We stand for racial justice.|date=June 3, 2020|accessdate=Sept. 17. 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Maher described as a goal:&lt;br /&gt;
{{cquote|Our content: Building power, relationships, and resources to advance epistemic justice and redress the exclusion and omission of Black, indigenous, and communities of color within knowledge systems in general and the Wikimedia projects specifically.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Site shut downs==&lt;br /&gt;
As a section 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization, the foundation must not be &amp;quot;carrying on propaganda, or otherwise attempting, to influence legislation (except as otherwise provided in subsection (h)), and which does not participate in, or intervene in (including the publishing or distributing of statements), any political campaign on behalf of (or in opposition to) any candidate for public office.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{USC|26|501(c)(3)}}.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; However, WMF has repeatedly used shutting down its website or threatening to shut down its website as a tactic to pressure specific legislative outcomes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On October 4, 2011, the WMF servers were reprogrammed to hide the contents of the [[Italian Wikipedia|Italian language version of Wikipedia]], as a protest against paragraph 29 of the &amp;quot;''[[DDL intercettazioni]]''&amp;quot; (Wiretapping Bill).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.camera.it/_dati/leg16/lavori/stampati/pdf/16PDL0038530.pdf |title=Camera dei Deputati: disegno di legge N. 1415-B |language=Italian |date=11 June 2010 |accessdate=September 18, 2012 |publisher=Camera dei Deputati}} ([http://translate.google.com/translate?sl=it&amp;amp;tl=en&amp;amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.camera.it%2F_dati%2Fleg16%2Flavori%2Fstampati%2Fpdf%2F16PDL0038530.pdf English translation])&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The proposed bill would empower anyone who believes themselves to have been attacked by the content of a web site to enforce publication of a reply, uneditable and uncommented, on the same web site, within 48 hours and without any prior evaluation of the claim by a judge or to face a €12,000 fine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On October 4 through 6, 2011, the WMF redirected all pages on the Italian language version of Wikipedia redirected to a statement opposing the proposed legislation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.businessinsider.com/italy-wikipedia-wiretapping-2011-10 &amp;quot;Wikipedia Shuts Down Italian Site In Response To Berlusconi's New Wiretap Act&amp;quot;], Adam Taylor, ''Business Insider'', 4 October 2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  This was true for all users, not just those IP addresses based in Italy. On October 7, the Italian Wikipedia pages were again available, but a notice about the proposed legislation was still displayed at the top of pages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The success of the Italian shut down whetted the appetite of people seeking to influence legislation in the United States. In December 2011,  Wikipedia co-founder [[Jimmy Wales]] discussed a possible coordinated blackout by Wikipedia and other United States websites to protest anti-piracy two bills pending before the United States Congress: [[SOPA]] and [[PIPA]]. After committing the WMF to join a larger boycott, Wales initiated discussion with editors about his plan. Editors and others&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Charlie Osborne, [https://www.zdnet.com/blog/igeneration/would-a-wikipedia-blackout-be-such-a-bad-thing/13726 &amp;quot;Would a Wikipedia blackout be such a bad thing?&amp;quot;], ''iGeneration'' on [[ZDNet]], December 13, 2011, 11:04&amp;amp;nbsp;am PST. Retrieved September 18, 2012.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; debated the alternatives of completely interrupting service for one or more days, or alternatively presenting site visitors with a blanked page directing them to further information before permitting them to complete searches.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/jimmy-wales/8953273/Wikipedia-co-founder-threatens-blackout-over-anti-piracy-law.html |title=Wikipedia co-founder threatens blackout over anti-piracy law |work=The Telegraph |date=December 13, 2011 |author=Christopher Williams |accessdate=September 18, 2012 |location=London}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;itnews wikipedia mulls blackout&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.itnews.com.au/News/284285,wikipedia-mulls-blackout-to-protest-sopa.aspx |title=Wikipedia mulls blackout to protest SOPA |publisher=itnews |date=December 13, 2011 |accessdate=September 18, 2012 |author=Brett Winterford |quote=Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales has threatened a knowledge &amp;quot;blackout&amp;quot; of the online encyclopedia to protest a US anti-piracy bill that could have serious ramifications for online service providers.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; On January 16, the Wikimedia Foundation announced that the English-language Wikipedia would be blacked out for 24 hours on January 18.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news |title=Wikipedia to go dark in piracy protest |date=January 17, 2012 |work=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-01-17/wiki-to-go-dark-in-piracy-protest/3778452 |accessdate=September 18, 2012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The Simple English Wikipedia voted to continue full service and did not join the blackout.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_talk/Archive_97#Potential_black-out_of_Simple_English_Wikipedia_in_the_US&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Many editors complained that the blackout decision was not made in a democratic fashion and undercut Wikipedia's objectivity and non-political mission.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news | url = https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/wikipedia-editors-question-sites-planned-blackout-15381673 | title =  Wikipedia Editors Question Site's Planned Blackout | first = Peter | last = Svensson | date = January 17, 2012 | accessdate = September 18, 2012| agency = Associated Press }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The SOPA/PIPA issue is so important to Sue Gardner, the WMF Executive Director, that in March 2013, she announced that she will be leaving her position to pursue the issue in another capacity.&amp;lt;ref name=bizinsider&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/wikimedia-foundations-sue-gardner-leaving-2013-3|work=Business Insider|date= March 28, 2013|title=The Woman Who Made Wikipedia Huge Is Stepping Down|accessdate=Arpril 27, 2013}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; She left on June 1, 2014.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Finances==&lt;br /&gt;
WMF's fundraising and expenses have grown at a very rapid rate. Some critics claim that WMF is taking in money faster than it can spend wisely.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Forum&amp;amp;oldid=4864408&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+ Wikimedia financial data through June 2016 (financial years run from July 1 to June 30)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;text-align: left; vertical-align: top&amp;quot; | Fiscal year&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; vertical-align: top&amp;quot; | Revenue&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; vertical-align: top&amp;quot; | Year-over-year ratio&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;(revenue)&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; vertical-align: top&amp;quot; | Expenses&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; vertical-align: top&amp;quot; | Year-over-year ratio&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;(expenses)&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; vertical-align: top&amp;quot; | Net assets&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; vertical-align: top&amp;quot; | Year-over-year ratio&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;(net assets)&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2003–2004&amp;lt;ref name=2004-2006&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/2/28/Wikimedia_2006_fs.pdf |title=Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Financial Statements June 30, 2006, 2005 and 2004 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=November 26, 2012|format=PDF}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;80129&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{steady}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $80,129&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{steady}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: center; width: 42%&amp;quot; | N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;23463&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{steady}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $23,463&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{steady}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: center; width: 42%&amp;quot; | N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;56666&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{steady}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $56,666&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{steady}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: center; width: 42%&amp;quot; | N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2004–2005&amp;lt;ref name=2004-2006 /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;379088&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $379,088&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;373.10&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 373.1%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;177670&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $177,670&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;657.2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 657.2%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;268084&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $268,084&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;373.09&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 373.1%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2005–2006&amp;lt;ref name=2004-2006 /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;1508039&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $1,508,039&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;297.81&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 297.8%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;791907&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $791,907&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;345.72&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 345.7%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;1004216&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $1,004,216&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;274.59&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 274.6%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2006–2007&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/4/49/Wikimedia_2007_fs.pdf |title=Microsoft Word – {F0900CC7-D37E-4CDF-95E3-B1F38D7DCD03}.doc |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=November 26, 2012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;2734909&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $2,734,909&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;81.4&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 81.4%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;2077843&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $2,077,843&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;162.38&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 162.4%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;1658282&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $1,658,282&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;65.13&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 65.1%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2007–2008&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/4/4c/Wikimedia_20072008_fs.pdf |title=Microsoft Word – 31935 SFO Wikimedia fs.doc |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=November 26, 2012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;5032981&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $5,032,981&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;84.0&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 84.0%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;3540724&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $3,540,724&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;70.40&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 70.4%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;5178168&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $5,178,168&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;212.26&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 212.3%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2008–2009&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/4/4f/FINAL_08_09From_KPMG.pdf |title=Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Financial Statements June 30, 2009 and 2008 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=November 26, 2012|format=PDF}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;8658006&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $8,658,006&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;72.0&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 72.0%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;5617236&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $5,617,236&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;58.65&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 58.6%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;8231767&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $8,231,767&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;58.97&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 59.0%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2009–2010&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/c/cc/FINAL_09_10From_KPMG.pdf |title=Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Financial Statements June 30, 2010 and 2009 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=November 26, 2012|format=PDF}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;17979312&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $17,979,312&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;107.7&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 107.7%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;10266793&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $10,266,793&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;82.77&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 82.8%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;14542731&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $14,542,731&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;76.67&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 76.7%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2010–2011&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/a/ac/FINAL_10_11From_KPMG.pdf |title=Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Financial Statements June, 2011 and 2010 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation| format=PDF|accessdate=2015-10-25}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;24785092&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $24,785,092&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;37.8&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 37.8%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;17889794&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $17,889,794&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;74.25&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 74.2%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;24192144&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $24,192,144&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;66.35&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 66.3%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2011–2012&amp;lt;ref name=2011-2012&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/0/09/FINAL_11_12From_KPMG.pdf|title= Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Financial Statements June, 2012 and 2011|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=December 26, 2012|format=PDF}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;38479665&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $38,479,665&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;55.2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 55.2%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;29260652&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $29,260,652&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;63.56&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 63.6%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;34929058&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $34,929,058&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;44.38&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 44.4%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2012–2013&amp;lt;ref name=2012-2013&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/6/6e/FINAL_12_13From_KPMG.pdf|title= Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Financial Statements June, 2013 and 2012|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=December 14, 2013|format=PDF}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;48635408&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $48,635,408&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;26.4&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 26.4%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;35704796&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $35,704,796&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;22.02&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 22.0%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;45189124&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $45,189,124&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;29.37&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 29.4%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2013–2014&amp;lt;ref name=2014-2015 /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;52465287&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $52,465,287&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;8.6&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 8.6%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;45900745&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $45,900,745&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;28.6&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 28.6%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;53475021&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $53,475,021&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;18.3&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 18.3%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2014–2015&amp;lt;ref name=2014-2015&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/4/43/Wikimedia_Foundation_Audit_Report_-_FY15-16.pdf|title=Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Financial Statements June, 2016 and 2015|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=November 15, 2016}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;74536375&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $74,536,375&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;44.5&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 44.5%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;52596782&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $52,596,782&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;14.6&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 14.6%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;77820298&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $77,820,298&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;45.5&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 45.5%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2015–2016&amp;lt;ref name=2015-2016&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/4/43/Wikimedia_Foundation_Audit_Report_-_FY15-16.pdf|title=Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Financial Statements June, 2016 and 2015|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=November 15, 2016}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;81862724&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $81,862,724&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;9.8&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 9.8%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;65947465&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $65,947,465&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;25.4&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 25.4%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;91782795&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $91,782,795&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;17.9&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 17.9%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
If the WMF has $91 million in the bank, those funds could produce (at 4%) $3,640,000 in annual income, which is more than enough to fund the Wikipedia web servers in perpetuity.  So, people are questioning the need for the WMF's annual fund raising campaign.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://wikipediocracy.com/2014/12/11/the-wikipedia-fundraising-banner-sad-but-untrue/|title=The Wikipedia Fundraising Banner: Sad but Untrue|date=December 11, 2014|accessdate=December 12, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.quora.com/What-are-some-good-arguments-against-donating-to-the-Wikimedia-Foundation/answer/Andreas-Kolbe|title=What are some good arguments against donating to the Wikimedia Foundation?|work=Quora|accessdate=December 15, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://newslines.org/blog/stop-giving-wikipedia-money/|title=Stop giving Wikipedia money|date=December 4, 2014|accessdate=December 15, 2014|work=Newslines}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Each year the WMF conducts a fundraising drive to keep the webservers working on that popular liberal website. They claim the donations go to &amp;quot;Servers, bandwidth, maintenance, development.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://donate.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:FundraiserLandingPage&amp;amp;country=US&amp;amp;uselang=en&amp;amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;amp;utm_source=donate&amp;amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org|title=Make Your Donation Now - Donate|accessdate=September 3, 2013}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Yet, in the period July - December 2012, the WMF took in $30.9 million but spent only $1.3 million on internet hosting.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/6/68/Jul-Dec%2712_Mid-year_financials2.pdf|title=Actual vs. Plan Comparison|work=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=September 3, 2013}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; During 2012, the net worth of the WMF grew by $11 million. Yet, liberal Wikipedia users continue to donate in response to the WMF's urgent appeals.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In spring 2014, Jimmy Wales began to pander for [[bitcoin]] donations at websites where bitcoin investors were seeking ways to lend legitimacy to the digital currency.  He promised to ask the WMF Board to allow bitcoin donations on the Wikipedia website.  In the summer of 2014, the WMF made arrangements with Coinbase, who promised to convert bitcoin into dollars without charge. Thereafter, a bitcoin option was added to the WMF donation page.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://techcrunch.com/2014/07/30/wikipedia-now-accepts-bitc  donations-with-coinbase/|publisher=techcrunch.com|title=Wikipedia Now Accepts Bitcoin Donations With Coinbase|date=July 30, 2014|accessdate=August 8, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Seth Meyers noted on his ''Late Night'' program, &amp;quot;Wikipedia is now accepting donations using the online currency Bitcoin. So now you can support information you're not sure is true with currency you're not sure is money.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.thespec.com/living-story/4733681-tuesdayfile/ Retrieved August 8, 2014&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In addition to the WMF staff, the WMF awards grants and hires outside contractors.  In the 2016 fiscal year, two law firms, Jones Day ($1,557,553) and Cooley LLP ($410,560), were among the largest payments.  The WMF paid $436,104 to Minassian Media Inc. for public relations.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/4/44/Wikimedia_Foundation_2015_Form_990.pdf|title=2015-16 Form 990|accessdate=July 7, 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Craig Minassian also serves as Chief Communications Officer of the [[Clinton Foundation]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Dispersed accountability==&lt;br /&gt;
A major factor in preventing accountability is that the fundraising conducted on the Wikipedia website links to a number of different solicitation pages depending on the nationality of the donor.  Although the WMF collects the funds from donors located in the United States and other nations, fundraising in many countries is conducted by the country's own national chapter.  The chapters then share the revenues with WMF.  However, each chapter adopts its own spending practices and accountability standards.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The German chapter spends a portion of its funds on technology, but most of the other chapters focus on conferences, travel and other soft costs. Needless to say, with so much money being spent on non-technology / infrastructure items, the WMF and its chapters have drawn critics from within their own organization.  However, internal dissent is quickly deleted.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Netball&amp;amp;diff=next&amp;amp;oldid=535697243|title=Talk:Netball|date=January 30, 2013}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The WMF has two chapters in the United States: Wikimedia New York (which has a 501(c)(3) status from the IRS) and Wikimedia District of Columbia, whose 501(c)(3) exemption application was abandoned.  The Treasurer of the UK WMF chapter suddenly resigned in 2013.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2013/02/john-byrne-stands-down-as-the-treasurer-and-a-trustee-of-wikimedia-uk/|title=John Byrne Stands Down as the Treasurer and a Trustee of Wikimedia UK|date=February 3, 2013|accessdate=February 4, 2013}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Laura Hale, the outgoing vice president of Wikimedia Australia (who was an unsuccessful candidate for President in its 2012 election) applied for a travel grant with two of her friends to visit Colorado ski resorts in December 2012 and sought the funding retroactively.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wikimedia.org.au/wiki/Proposal:Paralympic_Winter_Sports|title=Proposal:Paralympic Winter Sports|accessdate=February 4, 2013|work=Wikimedia Australia}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The President of Wikimedia Australia has spend so much time traveling with the President of Wikimedia Indonesia that the two married.{{citation needed}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A number of departing WMF employees have left comments on the Glassdoor website, citing problems with senior management creating a very confused work environment.  The WMF suffers from a high staff turnover rate.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.glassdoor.com/Reviews/Wikimedia-Foundation-Reviews-E38331.htm|title=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=April 27, 2013}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The WMF's endowment is held separately by the [[Tides Foundation]] and is controlled by their Board of Trustees.  However, the agreement establishing the endowment between WMF and Tides provides for a separate &amp;quot;Wikimedia Endowment Advisory Board&amp;quot; to represent the Wikimedia communities interests when Tides makes decisions about the endowment. Instead of just having the WMF Board have a say in what will become the WMF's largest financial resource, a separate Board has been appointed with Jimmy Wales and Annette Campbell-White as its initial members.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://blog.wikimedia.org/2016/05/11/annette-campbell-white-endowment/|title=Annette Campbell-White named to the Wikimedia Endowment Advisory Board|date=May 11, 2016|accessdate=January 17, 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  In September, Peter Baldwin was added to the Advisory Board.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://blog.wikimedia.org/2016/09/09/peter-baldwin-endowment-board/|title=Peter Baldwin, professor and philanthropist, is appointed to the Wikimedia Endowment Advisory Board|quote=Endowment Board members are selected based on active involvement in philanthropic endeavors, prior nonprofit board experience, fundraising expertise, and a strong commitment to the Wikimedia Foundation’s mission.|accessdate=January 17, 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Lawsuits==&lt;br /&gt;
In March 2015, the WMF and other groups filed a lawsuit against the [[National Security Agency]] (NSA) challenging an upstream surveillance program that was revealled by [[Edward Snowden]], a former NSA contractor.  The District Court granted the NSA's motion to dismiss the lawsuit, but the WMF successfully appealed to the US Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.  That decision left the WMF as the only remaining plaintiff in the case, and the case continued in District Court on remand.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|last=Nelson|first=Steven|title=Appeals Court: Wikimedia Can Fight NSA's 'Not Speculative' Internet Surveillance|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2017-05-23/appeals-court-wikimedia-can-fight-nsas-not-speculative-internet-surveillance|accessdate=24 May 2017|work=U.S. World and News Report|date=May 23, 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  On December 16, 2019, the District Court held that the WMF did not have standing to proceed with its claims. On February 14, 2020, the Wikimedia Foundation filed a notice of appeal in the Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|title=District Court rules for government in Wikimedia Foundation's mass surveillance case against the NSA |url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2019/12/17/district-court-rules-for-government-in-wikimedia-foundations-mass-surveillance-case-against-the-nsa/ |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |accessdate=September 20, 2020 |date=December 17, 2019}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2019, cold fusion researcher Abd ul-Rahman Lomax who was banned from Wikipedia filed a lawsuit against the Wikimedia Foundation, seeking $200,000 in damages.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.mad.207020/gov.uscourts.mad.207020.1.0.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Liberal Organizations]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Wikimedia Foundation]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation&amp;diff=1688812</id>
		<title>Wikimedia Foundation</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation&amp;diff=1688812"/>
		<updated>2020-09-21T13:55:07Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: more precise&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.''' (WMF) is a not-for-profit Florida corporation with its principle place of business in [[San Francisco, California]]. It was founded by [[Jimmy Wales]], who has a permanent position on the Board of Directors. It operates several online collaborative wiki projects including [[Wikipedia]], [[Wiktionary]], [[Wikiquote]], [[Wikibooks]], [[Wikisource]], [[Wikimedia Commons]], [[Wikispecies]], [[Wikinews]], [[Wikiversity]], Wikimedia Incubator, Meta-Wiki, [[Wikidata]], [[Wikivoyage]], and owns the now-defunct Nupedia online encyclopedia.  Its Executive Director is Katherine Maher.  In essence, an operator of a phonographic website, set up a non-profit foundation to which to transfer his crowd-sourced project, only to end up with the Chairman of its Board of Directors being a lesbian secretly married to a woman who misused her Foundation connections to openly harass male volunteers that attempted to maintain quality control on her articles.  The WMF Board then turned its back on the army of long-time volunteers to reinvent their projects to promote subjective individual personal opinions rather than objective truth to create &amp;quot;epistemic justice.&amp;quot;  Meanwhile, it is using its donations to sue the National Security Agency (NSA) over government efforts to fight terrorism.&lt;br /&gt;
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HQ is 1 Montgomery Street, Suite 1600, San Francisco, CA 94104 Phone:(415) 839-6885 Supposed business hours: 9AM–5PM PST.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Contact_us&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  However, the WMF shifted to remote operations and half-time work at full-time pay in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2020/03/06/wikimedia-foundation-will-close-san-francisco-office-and-encourage-remote-work-for-march-2020-amidst-covid-19-concerns/|title=Amid COVID-19, Wikimedia Foundation offers full pay for reduced hours, mobilizes all staff to work remote, and waives sick time|date=March 6, 2020|accessdate=Sept. 20, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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For the fiscal year ending 6/30/17, the Executive Director's salary was $307,141.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=search.summary&amp;amp;orgid=11212|title=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=June 24, 2019}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==History==&lt;br /&gt;
The creation of the foundation was officially announced on June 20, 2003, by the [[atheism|atheist]] and Wikipedia co-founder [[Jimmy Wales]],&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Rupert Neate&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite news | first = Rupert | last = Neate | title = Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales goes bananas | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/mediatechnologyandtelecoms/3399843/Wikipedia-founder-Jimmy-Wales-goes-bananas.html |work=The Daily Telegraph  | date= October 7, 2008 | accessdate =October 25, 2009 | quote = The encyclopedia's huge fan base became such a drain on Bomis's resources that Mr Wales, and co-founder Larry Sanger, thought of a radical new funding model&amp;amp;nbsp;– charity.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; who had been operating Wikipedia within his pornographic company [[Bomis]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web | url = http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2003-June/010743.html | title = Wikipedia English mailing list message | date = June 20, 2003 | first = Jimmy | last = Wales | authorlink = Jimmy Wales}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; At the time, Wikipedia was operating out of Bomis' offices in St. Petersburg, Florida.&lt;br /&gt;
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The name &amp;quot;Wikimedia&amp;quot; was [[neologism|coined]] by American author [[Sheldon Rampton]] in a post to the English mailing list in March 2003.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web | url = http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2003-March/001887.html | title = Wikipedia English mailing list message | date = March 16, 2003 | first = Sheldon | last = Rampton | authorlink = Sheldon Rampton }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
At the start, Wales transferred ownership of all Wikipedia, Wiktionary and [[Nupedia]] [[domain name]]s to Wikimedia along with the copyrights for all materials related to these projects that were created by [[Bomis]] employees or Wales himself. The computer equipment used to run all the Wikimedia projects was also donated by Wales to the foundation, which also acquired the domain names &amp;quot;wikimedia.org&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;wikimediafoundation.org&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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In April 2005, the US [[Internal Revenue Service]] determined that the foundation was an educational foundation in the category &amp;quot;[[Adult education|Adult]], [[Continuing education|Continuing Education]]&amp;quot;, making all contributions to the foundation [[Tax deduction|tax-deductible]] for U.S. federal income tax purposes.&lt;br /&gt;
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On September 25, 2007, the foundation's board decided to move to the [[San Francisco Bay Area]]. The Board said its major reasons for choosing San Francisco were proximity to like-minded organizations and potential partners as well as cheaper and more convenient international travel than is available from St. Petersburg, Florida.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;MoncadaWikimoveTribune&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web | url = http://www2.tbo.com/content/2007/sep/25/wikimedia-foundation-moving-another-bay-area/?news-breaking | title= Wikimedia Foundation Moving To Another Bay Area | author = Carlos Moncada | work = [[The Tampa Tribune]] |date = September 25, 2007 | quote = }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;MullinsWikimoveTribune&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web | url= http://www.tbo.com/news/money/MGBNF5F517F.html | title = Online Encyclopedia To Leave St. Petersburg For San Francisco | author = Richard Mullins | work = The Tampa Tribune |date = September 26, 2007 | quote = }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;KimWikimoveSFChronicle&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web | url= https://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/10/10/BU69SNMQ2.DTL&amp;amp;tsp=1 | title = Wikipedia team plans move to San Francisco | first = Ryan | last = Kim |work=San Francisco Chronicle | date = October 10, 2007 | quote = }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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The Wikimedia Foundation Board met in 2016 in a small town in Italy to discuss transparency and communication.  The Foundation funded all Board members' travel to Italy.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Wikia==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Main|Wikia}}&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In January 2004, [[Jimmy Wales]] appointed his business partners [[Tim Shell]] and Michael E. Davis to the foundation's board. In June 2004, an election was held for two user representative board members. Following one month of campaigning and two weeks of online voting, [[Angela Beesley Starling|Angela Beesley]] and [[Florence Devouard|Florence Nibart-Devouard]] were elected to join the board. In late 2004, Wales and Beesley launched a startup company, [[Wikia]], affiliated with neither Wikimedia nor Bomis, except for their presence as principals/trustees. In July 2005, Beesley and Nibart-Devouard were re-elected to the board. On July 1, 2006, Beesley resigned from the board effective upon election of her successor, expressing concern about &amp;quot;certain events and tendencies that have arisen within the organization since the start of this year,&amp;quot; but stating her intent to continue to participate in the Wikimedia projects, and in the formation of an Australian chapter. A special election was held in September to finish Beesley's term, ending with the mid-2007 election. [[Erik Möller]] won the election. Möller was subsequently hired as Deputy Executive Director of the WMF. On December 8, 2006, the board expanded to seven people with the appointments of Kat Walsh and [[Oscar van Dillen]]. Walsh was elected Chair of the board in July 2012. Walsh was not re-elected to the WMF Board in 2013.&lt;br /&gt;
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Wales and Beesley continued to develop Wikia as a for-profit alternative to the WMF projects, and some critics allege that by deleting very specialized articles and content from Wikipedia, a core team was pushing people to develop specialized wikis on Wikia. When Wikipedia community voted 61-39% percent to treat all links to other sites equally by removing nofollow (Google-ignored) tags for all of them, the Wikipedia co-founder overruled this decision and Wikipedia now favors Wikia in its treatment of nofollow tags.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.techcrunch.com/2007/04/28/wikipedia-special-treatment-for-wikia-and-other-wikis/|title=Wikipedia: Special Treatment for Wikia and some other Wikis|author=Nik Cubrilovic|date=April 28, 2007|accessdate=July 22, 2012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2007-January/061137.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Michael E. Davis, a former business partner of Wales who served for years as a founding member of the WMF board and was MWF's Treasurer, was named Treasurer and Secretary of Wikia in January 2006. In January 2009, Wikia subleased two conference rooms to the WMF.&lt;br /&gt;
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Wales continues as a voting member of the WMF Board and serves as its spokesperson.&lt;br /&gt;
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In August 2009, Matt Halprin, Partner of the Omidyar Network, was asked to join the Wikimedia Foundation board of trustees. Halprin was responsible for an Omidyar team that “pursues investments in Social Media”, and Omidyar invested part of $4 million into Wikia, Inc. in 2006. So, his company would succeed if Wikia made a nice return on investment, yet of all of the available competent Silcon Valley experts, the WMF selected Halprin to serve on the Board that is entrusted to ensure that the WMF treats Wikia on an arms-length basis.&lt;br /&gt;
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In 2006, Wikia received a major round of venture capital funding from Amazon.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/stories/2006/12/04/daily16.html?jst=b_ln_hl|title=Amazon invests in Wikia|work=Puget Sound Business Journal|date=December 6, 2006|accessdate=February 4, 2013}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Although a large number of payment processors are available, as of 2013, the WMF uses Amazon to process donation payments.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Village_pump_%28policy%29&amp;amp;diff=526220744&amp;amp;oldid=526213000#Wikipedia_is_now_enriching_itself_by_contributing_to_the_destruction_of_small_businesses|title=Wikipedia:Village pump (policy)|date=December 3, 2012|accessdate=February 4, 2013}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Wikia created the &amp;quot;Speedy Deletion Wikia&amp;quot; in which a robot harvested the Wikipedia articles that were deleted on an expedited basis and then reposted them on Wikia.  These included copyrighted material and pornographic images that were deleted because of their objectionable nature.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jimbo_Wales&amp;amp;diff=498803845&amp;amp;oldid=498803787|title=User Talk:Jimbo Wales|accessdate=January 13, 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==Controversies==&lt;br /&gt;
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===Patrick administration===&lt;br /&gt;
WMF announced on 2006-06-19 that it had hired attorney Bradford Patrick as internal counsel acted as interim Executive Director.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2006-06-19/Brad_Patrick&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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In early 2007, a prominent Wikipedia editor, named only &amp;quot;Essjay&amp;quot; online and described on his user profile &amp;quot;as a tenured professor of religion at a private university with expertise in canon law,&amp;quot; was exposed as a 24-year-old college kid in Kentucky. He resigned in disgrace — even though Wikipedia tried to retain him, claiming he'd edited thousands of articles with flair.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essjay_controversy&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
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===Gardner administration===&lt;br /&gt;
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====Doran scandal====&lt;br /&gt;
In January 2007, WMF named Carolyn Doran chief operating officer and Sandy Ordonez joined as [http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Head_of_Communications head of communications].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web | title = Current staff | publisher = Wikimedia Foundation | url = https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Current_staff | accessdate =February 1, 2007 | author = Danny | authorlink = foundation:User:Danny | archiveurl = https://wikimediafoundation.org/w/index.php?title=Current_staff&amp;amp;oldid=19370 | archivedate = February 1, 2007 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Doran began working at WMF as a part-time bookkeeper in 2006 after being sent by a [[Temporary work|temporary agency]]. Doran later left the foundation in July 2007, and [[Sue Gardner]] was hired as consultant and special advisor (later becoming the Chief Executive Officer). It was later disclosed&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news | first = Cade | last = Metz | title = Wikipedia COO was convicted felon | url = http://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/12/13/wikimedia_coo_convicted_felon/ | date = December 13, 2007 | accessdate =December 27, 2007 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; that Doran was a convicted [[felony|felon]], with a [[DUI]] arrest during her tenure at the foundation and a substantial criminal history, including shooting her boyfriend and complicity in credit card forgery.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news |authorlink=Brian Bergstein | first = Brian | last = Bergstein | title = Felon Became COO of Wikipedia Foundation | url = http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5hcWLu3fg-aDeJNfWTY6hlbz93oCwD8TM0HVG0 | date = December 21, 2007 | accessdate =December 27, 2007 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Her departure from the organization was cited as one of the reasons the foundation took about seven months to release its fiscal 2007 financial audit.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news | author = Ral315 | title = ''Signpost'' interview: Florence Devouard | url = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2007-11-19/Anthere_interview | work = The Wikipedia Signpost | date = November 19, 2007 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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====2014 Staffing controversies====&lt;br /&gt;
One of the growing pains that organizations experience is that paid staff can be hired and perhaps perform their job duties well, but their off-duty conduct brings discredit to their employer.  This is particularly challenging for the WMF, who hired staff from the pool of Wikipedia volunteers, with many staff continuing to edit Wikipedia outside their regular WMF job duties.&lt;br /&gt;
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In January 2014,  Sarah Stierch was discovered to have written Wikipedia articles for hire while being a full-time WMF employee. The WMF promptly announced her departure as an employee without any official explanation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2014-January/129466.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2014-01-08/News_and_notes|work=Wikimedia Signpost|date=January 8, 2014|title=WMF employee forced out over &amp;quot;paid advocacy editing&amp;quot;|accessdate=March 12, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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In March 2014,  Ryan Kaldari, who has been working for the WMF for almost four years and is a Wikipedia administrator, got into an editing battle with another editor. Kaldari then made complaining comments about that editor under a second assumed name.  For that policy violation, Kaldari lost his administrator privileges.  However, the dispute caused Wikipedia users to research Kaldari's background and discovered that for years he has been the owner and operator of several other websites including &amp;quot;Snuffster.com&amp;quot;, which was intended as a parody of Friendster, but soon became a haven for Internet trolls to mock murdered children.  Kaldari has been paying for the site for 10 years and has actively added comments to various threads on the site.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.examiner.com/article/wikimedia-foundation-employee-caught-sockpuppeting-and-loses-admin-rights|first=Gregory|last=Kohs|title=Wikimedia Foundation employee caught sockpuppeting and loses admin rights |date=March 8, 204|accessdate=March 12, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.dailydot.com/news/wikipedia-sockpuppet-ryan-kaldari/|title=Wikipedia staffer at center of latest sockpuppet scandal|first=Rob|last=Price|work=Daily Dot|date= March 12, 2014|accessdate=March 16, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Kaldari's poor judgment in owning and operating this site was called to the attention of Jimbo Wales, who dismissed it out of hand.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jimbo_Wales&amp;amp;oldid=599304349&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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===Tretikov Administration===&lt;br /&gt;
In March 2013, Executive Director Sue Gardner announced that she would leave,&amp;lt;ref name=bizinsider/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/The_search_for_our_next_Executive_Director Retrieved June 16, 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and an extensive search did not produce a satisfactory candidate.  After a second search, Russian-born Lila Tretikov was selected as Gardner's replacement, and she took office on June 2, 2014.  The WMF appointed a transition team to assist her in learning her new role, and there was a three-week transition period following the announcement of her selection.  At the time, Tretikov was dating PHP programmer Will Sinclair.  Both Tretikov and Sinclair attempted to become immersed in Wikipedia culture, and Sinclair quickly found his way to the noted criticism website [[Wikipediocracy]], where he registered an account.  On May 30-June 1, 2014, the WMF sponsored a conference called &amp;quot;WikiConference USA&amp;quot; at the [[New York Law School]] which welcomed everyone to attend including &amp;quot;the curious, the skeptical, and others wishing to engage in meaningful conversation about the Wikimedia movement in the United States.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/WikiCon_USA_2014_Press_Release_v1.pdf Retrieved June 16, 2014&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  However, the afternoon before the conference began, Greg Kohs who had proposed to give a presentation on &amp;quot;paid editing&amp;quot; had his registration cancelled and was told not to attend.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://wikipediocracy.com/2014/06/02/wikiconference-usa-bans-critic-from-open-meeting/ Retrieved June 16, 2014&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Sinclair defended Kohs' right to attend and started a [http://wllm.com/ blog] and an [http://www.change.org/petitions/wikipedia-make-wikipedia-conferences-truly-open-to-all-by-allowing-greg-kohs-to-attend online petition] to advocate these views.  He also expressed his views on a WMF listserv.  In response, the WMF insiders turned vicious and openly suggested that Tretikov should break up their family and leave Sinclair because of his support for Kohs.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Jimbo#Regarding_the_nauseating_and_cowardly_remarks_made_by_Wikiconference_USA_attendees&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  On June 15, Sinclair announced on Mr. Wales talk page that he would no longer participate on Wikipediocracy.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jimbo_Wales&amp;amp;diff=612984072&amp;amp;oldid=612983354 June 15, 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Efforts to get Mr. Wales to clarify why Kohs was banned from the conference were met with censorship.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jimbo_Wales&amp;amp;diff=613156950&amp;amp;oldid=613156824 June 16, 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Sinclair later in 2014 started his own &amp;quot;Off-Wiki&amp;quot; Wikipedia criticism site.&lt;br /&gt;
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As Executive Director, Tretikov gave speeches and participated in meetings and conferences around the world.  Her travels may have made her less accessible to the WMF staff.  One important initiative that Tretikov started was improving the WMF's efforts in child protection.  Previously, the WMF left the decision to take disciplinary action against users to untrained volunteers on individual projects.  The project leaders complained that they were not properly trained to handle allegations that a user was a child predator.  Under Tretikov, the WMF legal staff began handling such complaints and banned a number of users from all WMF projects.&lt;br /&gt;
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In 2015, the WMF Board and Tretikov reorganized the &amp;quot;Advancement&amp;quot; fundraising staff and secretly entered into an agreement with the [[Tides Foundation]] to establish a separate endowment fund.  The Tides Foundation was established by liberal [[George Soros]].  Under the arrangement, the Tides Foundation will invest and control the endowment until it reaches its goal of $100 million at which time the WMF and Tides will agree on how to handle the money in the future.  The WMF has hired staff to solicit and process gifts for the endowment, and the endowment was publicly launched on January 15, 2016.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://15.wikipedia.org/endowment.html|title=Wikimedia Endowment|accessdate=Feb. 26, 2016}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Many people have questioned how the WMF could embark on a $100 million endowment fund drive just a few weeks after a banner ad campaign on its website begging for money to keep its servers running.&lt;br /&gt;
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In 2015, Tretikov reorganized the staff and launched a secret project to develop a &amp;quot;Knowledge Engine&amp;quot; (KE) which some planning documents said would compete with [[Google]] as a means of searching sources beyond the WMF projects by automating the process of evaluating what information on the Internet was reliable.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2016/02/head-of-wikimedia-foundation-resigns-as-tensions-with-editors-mount/ Wikimedia Foundation director resigns after uproar over “Knowledge Engine”], ''Ars Technica''.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Tretikov applied for a grant of $2 million per year over three years from the Knight Foundation, but only received a one-time $250,000 grant to explore the concept. In November 2015, the WMF Board reaffirmed its support of Tretikov's leadership and retained a management consultant to mentor her. In addition, a number of senior WMF staff (including Deputy Director Erik Möller) departed, some making critical public remarks as they left.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://wikipediocracy.com/2016/02/26/unicorns-are-a-myth-lila-tretikov-resigns-as-wikimedia-foundation-executive-director/#comment-44801|title=Unicorns are a Myth: Lila Tretikov resigns as Wikimedia Foundation Executive Director|date=Feb. 26, 2016|accessdate=Feb. 26, 2016}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; It is easy to imagine KE to evolve into an attempt to provide the equivalent of a FICO score for every domain name, perhaps every known person on Earth, that third-party software would likely utilities to influence how second-rate search engines would rank information. Wales frequently uses software features at his web sites to discredit or silence the communications anyone he disapproves of. Wales had previously welcomed the idea of having a biography for every person on Earth but the &amp;quot;deletionist&amp;quot; element of his &amp;quot;community&amp;quot; (who simply lust after the destroying of information about low-fame entities) rejected the notion.&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:James Heilman.png|thumb|left|200px|James Heilman, M.D. was removed from the Board]] In July 2015, James Heilman, MD was elected to the WMF Board by the editing community after starting working at WP in 2008 and being a very active (&amp;quot;many hours a day&amp;quot;) and highly qualified non-anonymous editor and later administrator. He made many mass media presentations promoting the project and worked to improve its reliability especially for those seeking medical information. He attempted to recruit other physicians to help in the effort. Heilman brought staff dissatisfaction with Tretikov's leadership to the Board and pressed for more information on the Knowledge Engine and the Knight Foundation grant. On December 28, 2015, on the eve of two members leaving the Board, the Board held an emergency meeting and removed Heilman from the WMF Board by a vote of 8 to 2. The Board released a statement that Heilman &amp;quot;lacked the confidence&amp;quot; of his fellow trustees. The Community responded to his dismissal by pressing for the release of the Knowledge Engine grant application resulting in a public apology from Tretikov for pushing the project without first gaining consensus. Heilman continues to spend many hours a day contributing to WP as an editor and an admin and continues to make media appearances promoting the WP project.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://thewikipedian.net/tag/james-heilman/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/11/08/501087493/should-i-trust-wikipedia-with-my-health&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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The WMF Board appointed two new people to fill outside Board slots effective January 1, one of which was a Google executive, Arnnon Geshuri who was a central figure in an antitrust case.  Community outrage over this improperly vetted appointment resulted in his resignation from the WMF Board.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2016/01/editors-demand-ouster-of-wikimedia-board-member-involved-in-no-poach-deal/|title= Law &amp;amp; Disorder / Civilization &amp;amp; Discontents Wikipedia editors revolt, vote &amp;quot;no confidence&amp;quot; in newest board member|date=Jan. 25, 2016|accessdate=Feb. 25, 2016}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  On February 25, 2016, Tretikov announced her resignation as the Wikimedia Foundation's Executive Director.&amp;lt;ref name=ltresign/&amp;gt; She continued until March 31.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Maher Administration===&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Katherine Maher.jpg|thumb|right|Katherine Maher, Executive Director]]&lt;br /&gt;
Katherine Maher was announced as the interim ED was announced and later it was announced that she was appointed permanently to the position.&amp;lt;ref name=ltresign&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2016-February/082472.html|title=Executive transition planning|date=February 25, 2016|accessdate=February 25, 2016}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The female Chair of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Directors is married to Laura Hale.  Ms. Hale has a long history, dating back to 2011 of incompetent edits and abusing male editors.  A long-time male administrator, Fram, followed Ms. Hale around making corrections to her problematic edits.  In turn, Ms. Hale complained to the Trust &amp;amp; Security staff of the Wikimedia Foundation, rather than to the volunteer-staffed complaint mechanisms on Wikipedia.  Although the Trust &amp;amp; Security staff has previously banned a few editors for problems involving illegal conduct such as pedophilia, in June 2019, for the first time, they suspended Fram for one year for &amp;quot;incivility&amp;quot;.  In response, an English Wikipedia administrator lifted the block and was in turn stripped of his administratorship, and several other administrators resigned in protest.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram|title=Wikipedia:Community response to the Wikimedia Foundation's ban of Fram|accessdate=June 24, 2019}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  In response to a Buzzfeed article about the controversy,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/josephbernstein/wikipedia-ban-editor-culture-war|title=The Culture War Has Finally Come For Wikipedia|date=July 27, 2019|accessdate=July 28, 2019|work=Buzzfeed News}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Maher sent a tweet calling the article &amp;quot;s***ty.&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/krmaher/status/1144394019893460993|title=tweet|accessdate=June 28, 2019}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  As more Wikipedia Administrators and Bureaucrats resign or go on strike, the crisis has also been reported by Breitbart.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.breitbart.com/tech/2019/06/28/wikipedia-editors-revolt-over-sites-ban-of-veteran-administrator/|title=Wikipedia Editors Revolt over Site’s Ban of Veteran Administrator|date=July 28, 2019|work=Breitbart|accessdate=July 28, 2019}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Despite the Fram-Laura Hale scandal, on August 15, 2019, the WMF Board re-elected Laura Hale's wife to serve another year as Board chair.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2019/08/16/wikimedia-foundation-announces-shani-evenstein-sigalov-as-new-trustee-as-well-as-leadership-appointments-at-fifteenth-annual-wikimania/&lt;br /&gt;
|title=Wikimedia Foundation announces Shani Evenstein Sigalov as new Trustee, as well as leadership appointments at fifteenth annual Wikimania|date=August 16, 2019|accessdate=August 17, 2019}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is a fundamental rift at Wikipedia.  On the one hand, editors from the global north advocate that knowledge is produced by the scientific method, and that Wikipedia should only document verifiable facts.  On the other hand, editors from the global south believe that Western civilization is the product of old or dead white men and that Wikipedia should give voice to suppressed people who have personal experiences that may not meet the accepted standards currently imposed by the traditional views of knowledge.  These people advocate a &amp;quot;post-modernist&amp;quot; definition of knowledge, including folk remedies supplanting Western medicine and counteracting the historic bias that views males as holding key roles in history, when they serve as military or political leaders.  This later group views the current governing structure and resource allocation of the Foundation as illegitimate and wants to rebuild both Wikipedia and the Foundation into something very different so that when internet access spreads throughout the world by 2030, people in the global south will be involved with Wikipedia instead of some other website that might become established to serve their own communities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To assure that all views were heard, the WMF devoted millions of dollars on a strategic planning exercise that held workshops in the global south and provided very few opportunities for input from editors in Europe or the United States.  The result was a large set of self-contradictory recommendations.  Next, the WMF hosted a &amp;quot;harmonization sprint&amp;quot; in Tunis which was attended by Laura Hale's wife and Maher to try to unify the recommendations.  Finally, a writing group was appointed to write a self-consistent set of recommendations, for which public comment will be collected in January-February 2020.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although a large number of non-profit groups issued virtue signaling statements following the death of George Floyd, Maher (speaking for the WMF) used the opportunity to announce a complete surrender to the faction that refocused the mission on knowledge equity and also announced that WMF websites would abandon their unbiased coverage of race relations.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2020/06/03/we-stand-for-racial-justice/|title=We stand for racial justice.|date=June 3, 2020|accessdate=Sept. 17. 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Maher described as a goal:&lt;br /&gt;
{{cquote|Our content: Building power, relationships, and resources to advance epistemic justice and redress the exclusion and omission of Black, indigenous, and communities of color within knowledge systems in general and the Wikimedia projects specifically.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Site shut downs==&lt;br /&gt;
As a section 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization, the foundation must not be &amp;quot;carrying on propaganda, or otherwise attempting, to influence legislation (except as otherwise provided in subsection (h)), and which does not participate in, or intervene in (including the publishing or distributing of statements), any political campaign on behalf of (or in opposition to) any candidate for public office.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{USC|26|501(c)(3)}}.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; However, WMF has repeatedly used shutting down its website or threatening to shut down its website as a tactic to pressure specific legislative outcomes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On October 4, 2011, the WMF servers were reprogrammed to hide the contents of the [[Italian Wikipedia|Italian language version of Wikipedia]], as a protest against paragraph 29 of the &amp;quot;''[[DDL intercettazioni]]''&amp;quot; (Wiretapping Bill).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.camera.it/_dati/leg16/lavori/stampati/pdf/16PDL0038530.pdf |title=Camera dei Deputati: disegno di legge N. 1415-B |language=Italian |date=11 June 2010 |accessdate=September 18, 2012 |publisher=Camera dei Deputati}} ([http://translate.google.com/translate?sl=it&amp;amp;tl=en&amp;amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.camera.it%2F_dati%2Fleg16%2Flavori%2Fstampati%2Fpdf%2F16PDL0038530.pdf English translation])&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The proposed bill would empower anyone who believes themselves to have been attacked by the content of a web site to enforce publication of a reply, uneditable and uncommented, on the same web site, within 48 hours and without any prior evaluation of the claim by a judge or to face a €12,000 fine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On October 4 through 6, 2011, the WMF redirected all pages on the Italian language version of Wikipedia redirected to a statement opposing the proposed legislation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.businessinsider.com/italy-wikipedia-wiretapping-2011-10 &amp;quot;Wikipedia Shuts Down Italian Site In Response To Berlusconi's New Wiretap Act&amp;quot;], Adam Taylor, ''Business Insider'', 4 October 2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  This was true for all users, not just those IP addresses based in Italy. On October 7, the Italian Wikipedia pages were again available, but a notice about the proposed legislation was still displayed at the top of pages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The success of the Italian shut down whetted the appetite of people seeking to influence legislation in the United States. In December 2011,  Wikipedia co-founder [[Jimmy Wales]] discussed a possible coordinated blackout by Wikipedia and other United States websites to protest anti-piracy two bills pending before the United States Congress: [[SOPA]] and [[PIPA]]. After committing the WMF to join a larger boycott, Wales initiated discussion with editors about his plan. Editors and others&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Charlie Osborne, [https://www.zdnet.com/blog/igeneration/would-a-wikipedia-blackout-be-such-a-bad-thing/13726 &amp;quot;Would a Wikipedia blackout be such a bad thing?&amp;quot;], ''iGeneration'' on [[ZDNet]], December 13, 2011, 11:04&amp;amp;nbsp;am PST. Retrieved September 18, 2012.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; debated the alternatives of completely interrupting service for one or more days, or alternatively presenting site visitors with a blanked page directing them to further information before permitting them to complete searches.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/jimmy-wales/8953273/Wikipedia-co-founder-threatens-blackout-over-anti-piracy-law.html |title=Wikipedia co-founder threatens blackout over anti-piracy law |work=The Telegraph |date=December 13, 2011 |author=Christopher Williams |accessdate=September 18, 2012 |location=London}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;itnews wikipedia mulls blackout&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.itnews.com.au/News/284285,wikipedia-mulls-blackout-to-protest-sopa.aspx |title=Wikipedia mulls blackout to protest SOPA |publisher=itnews |date=December 13, 2011 |accessdate=September 18, 2012 |author=Brett Winterford |quote=Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales has threatened a knowledge &amp;quot;blackout&amp;quot; of the online encyclopedia to protest a US anti-piracy bill that could have serious ramifications for online service providers.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; On January 16, the Wikimedia Foundation announced that the English-language Wikipedia would be blacked out for 24 hours on January 18.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news |title=Wikipedia to go dark in piracy protest |date=January 17, 2012 |work=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-01-17/wiki-to-go-dark-in-piracy-protest/3778452 |accessdate=September 18, 2012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The Simple English Wikipedia voted to continue full service and did not join the blackout.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_talk/Archive_97#Potential_black-out_of_Simple_English_Wikipedia_in_the_US&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Many editors complained that the blackout decision was not made in a democratic fashion and undercut Wikipedia's objectivity and non-political mission.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news | url = https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/wikipedia-editors-question-sites-planned-blackout-15381673 | title =  Wikipedia Editors Question Site's Planned Blackout | first = Peter | last = Svensson | date = January 17, 2012 | accessdate = September 18, 2012| agency = Associated Press }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The SOPA/PIPA issue is so important to Sue Gardner, the WMF Executive Director, that in March 2013, she announced that she will be leaving her position to pursue the issue in another capacity.&amp;lt;ref name=bizinsider&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/wikimedia-foundations-sue-gardner-leaving-2013-3|work=Business Insider|date= March 28, 2013|title=The Woman Who Made Wikipedia Huge Is Stepping Down|accessdate=Arpril 27, 2013}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; She left on June 1, 2014.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Finances==&lt;br /&gt;
WMF's fundraising and expenses have grown at a very rapid rate. Some critics claim that WMF is taking in money faster than it can spend wisely.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Forum&amp;amp;oldid=4864408&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+ Wikimedia financial data through June 2016 (financial years run from July 1 to June 30)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;text-align: left; vertical-align: top&amp;quot; | Fiscal year&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; vertical-align: top&amp;quot; | Revenue&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; vertical-align: top&amp;quot; | Year-over-year ratio&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;(revenue)&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; vertical-align: top&amp;quot; | Expenses&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; vertical-align: top&amp;quot; | Year-over-year ratio&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;(expenses)&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; vertical-align: top&amp;quot; | Net assets&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; vertical-align: top&amp;quot; | Year-over-year ratio&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;(net assets)&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2003–2004&amp;lt;ref name=2004-2006&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/2/28/Wikimedia_2006_fs.pdf |title=Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Financial Statements June 30, 2006, 2005 and 2004 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=November 26, 2012|format=PDF}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;80129&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{steady}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $80,129&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{steady}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: center; width: 42%&amp;quot; | N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;23463&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{steady}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $23,463&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{steady}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: center; width: 42%&amp;quot; | N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;56666&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{steady}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $56,666&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{steady}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: center; width: 42%&amp;quot; | N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2004–2005&amp;lt;ref name=2004-2006 /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;379088&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $379,088&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;373.10&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 373.1%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;177670&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $177,670&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;657.2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 657.2%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;268084&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $268,084&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;373.09&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 373.1%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2005–2006&amp;lt;ref name=2004-2006 /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;1508039&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $1,508,039&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;297.81&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 297.8%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;791907&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $791,907&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;345.72&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 345.7%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;1004216&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $1,004,216&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;274.59&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 274.6%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2006–2007&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/4/49/Wikimedia_2007_fs.pdf |title=Microsoft Word – {F0900CC7-D37E-4CDF-95E3-B1F38D7DCD03}.doc |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=November 26, 2012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;2734909&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $2,734,909&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;81.4&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 81.4%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;2077843&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $2,077,843&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;162.38&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 162.4%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;1658282&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $1,658,282&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;65.13&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 65.1%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2007–2008&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/4/4c/Wikimedia_20072008_fs.pdf |title=Microsoft Word – 31935 SFO Wikimedia fs.doc |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=November 26, 2012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;5032981&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $5,032,981&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;84.0&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 84.0%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;3540724&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $3,540,724&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;70.40&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 70.4%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;5178168&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $5,178,168&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;212.26&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 212.3%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2008–2009&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/4/4f/FINAL_08_09From_KPMG.pdf |title=Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Financial Statements June 30, 2009 and 2008 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=November 26, 2012|format=PDF}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;8658006&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $8,658,006&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;72.0&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 72.0%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;5617236&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $5,617,236&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;58.65&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 58.6%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;8231767&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $8,231,767&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;58.97&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 59.0%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2009–2010&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/c/cc/FINAL_09_10From_KPMG.pdf |title=Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Financial Statements June 30, 2010 and 2009 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=November 26, 2012|format=PDF}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;17979312&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $17,979,312&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;107.7&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 107.7%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;10266793&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $10,266,793&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;82.77&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 82.8%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;14542731&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $14,542,731&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;76.67&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 76.7%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2010–2011&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/a/ac/FINAL_10_11From_KPMG.pdf |title=Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Financial Statements June, 2011 and 2010 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation| format=PDF|accessdate=2015-10-25}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;24785092&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $24,785,092&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;37.8&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 37.8%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;17889794&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $17,889,794&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;74.25&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 74.2%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;24192144&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $24,192,144&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;66.35&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 66.3%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2011–2012&amp;lt;ref name=2011-2012&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/0/09/FINAL_11_12From_KPMG.pdf|title= Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Financial Statements June, 2012 and 2011|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=December 26, 2012|format=PDF}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;38479665&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $38,479,665&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;55.2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 55.2%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;29260652&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $29,260,652&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;63.56&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 63.6%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;34929058&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $34,929,058&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;44.38&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 44.4%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2012–2013&amp;lt;ref name=2012-2013&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/6/6e/FINAL_12_13From_KPMG.pdf|title= Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Financial Statements June, 2013 and 2012|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=December 14, 2013|format=PDF}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;48635408&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $48,635,408&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;26.4&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 26.4%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;35704796&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $35,704,796&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;22.02&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 22.0%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;45189124&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $45,189,124&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;29.37&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 29.4%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2013–2014&amp;lt;ref name=2014-2015 /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;52465287&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $52,465,287&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;8.6&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 8.6%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;45900745&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $45,900,745&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;28.6&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 28.6%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;53475021&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $53,475,021&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;18.3&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 18.3%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2014–2015&amp;lt;ref name=2014-2015&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/4/43/Wikimedia_Foundation_Audit_Report_-_FY15-16.pdf|title=Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Financial Statements June, 2016 and 2015|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=November 15, 2016}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;74536375&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $74,536,375&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;44.5&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 44.5%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;52596782&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $52,596,782&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;14.6&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 14.6%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;77820298&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $77,820,298&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;45.5&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 45.5%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2015–2016&amp;lt;ref name=2015-2016&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/4/43/Wikimedia_Foundation_Audit_Report_-_FY15-16.pdf|title=Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Financial Statements June, 2016 and 2015|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=November 15, 2016}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;81862724&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $81,862,724&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;9.8&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 9.8%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;65947465&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $65,947,465&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;25.4&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 25.4%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;91782795&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $91,782,795&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;17.9&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 17.9%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
If the WMF has $91 million in the bank, those funds could produce (at 4%) $3,640,000 in annual income, which is more than enough to fund the Wikipedia web servers in perpetuity.  So, people are questioning the need for the WMF's annual fund raising campaign.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://wikipediocracy.com/2014/12/11/the-wikipedia-fundraising-banner-sad-but-untrue/|title=The Wikipedia Fundraising Banner: Sad but Untrue|date=December 11, 2014|accessdate=December 12, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.quora.com/What-are-some-good-arguments-against-donating-to-the-Wikimedia-Foundation/answer/Andreas-Kolbe|title=What are some good arguments against donating to the Wikimedia Foundation?|work=Quora|accessdate=December 15, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://newslines.org/blog/stop-giving-wikipedia-money/|title=Stop giving Wikipedia money|date=December 4, 2014|accessdate=December 15, 2014|work=Newslines}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Each year the WMF conducts a fundraising drive to keep the webservers working on that popular liberal website. They claim the donations go to &amp;quot;Servers, bandwidth, maintenance, development.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://donate.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:FundraiserLandingPage&amp;amp;country=US&amp;amp;uselang=en&amp;amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;amp;utm_source=donate&amp;amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org|title=Make Your Donation Now - Donate|accessdate=September 3, 2013}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Yet, in the period July - December 2012, the WMF took in $30.9 million but spent only $1.3 million on internet hosting.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/6/68/Jul-Dec%2712_Mid-year_financials2.pdf|title=Actual vs. Plan Comparison|work=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=September 3, 2013}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; During 2012, the net worth of the WMF grew by $11 million. Yet, liberal Wikipedia users continue to donate in response to the WMF's urgent appeals.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In spring 2014, Jimmy Wales began to pander for [[bitcoin]] donations at websites where bitcoin investors were seeking ways to lend legitimacy to the digital currency.  He promised to ask the WMF Board to allow bitcoin donations on the Wikipedia website.  In the summer of 2014, the WMF made arrangements with Coinbase, who promised to convert bitcoin into dollars without charge. Thereafter, a bitcoin option was added to the WMF donation page.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://techcrunch.com/2014/07/30/wikipedia-now-accepts-bitc  donations-with-coinbase/|publisher=techcrunch.com|title=Wikipedia Now Accepts Bitcoin Donations With Coinbase|date=July 30, 2014|accessdate=August 8, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Seth Meyers noted on his ''Late Night'' program, &amp;quot;Wikipedia is now accepting donations using the online currency Bitcoin. So now you can support information you're not sure is true with currency you're not sure is money.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.thespec.com/living-story/4733681-tuesdayfile/ Retrieved August 8, 2014&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In addition to the WMF staff, the WMF awards grants and hires outside contractors.  In the 2016 fiscal year, two law firms, Jones Day ($1,557,553) and Cooley LLP ($410,560), were among the largest payments.  The WMF paid $436,104 to Minassian Media Inc. for public relations.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/4/44/Wikimedia_Foundation_2015_Form_990.pdf|title=2015-16 Form 990|accessdate=July 7, 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Craig Minassian also serves as Chief Communications Officer of the [[Clinton Foundation]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Dispersed accountability==&lt;br /&gt;
A major factor in preventing accountability is that the fundraising conducted on the Wikipedia website links to a number of different solicitation pages depending on the nationality of the donor.  Although the WMF collects the funds from donors located in the United States and other nations, fundraising in many countries is conducted by the country's own national chapter.  The chapters then share the revenues with WMF.  However, each chapter adopts its own spending practices and accountability standards.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The German chapter spends a portion of its funds on technology, but most of the other chapters focus on conferences, travel and other soft costs. Needless to say, with so much money being spent on non-technology / infrastructure items, the WMF and its chapters have drawn critics from within their own organization.  However, internal dissent is quickly deleted.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Netball&amp;amp;diff=next&amp;amp;oldid=535697243|title=Talk:Netball|date=January 30, 2013}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The WMF has two chapters in the United States: Wikimedia New York (which has a 501(c)(3) status from the IRS) and Wikimedia District of Columbia, whose 501(c)(3) exemption application was abandoned.  The Treasurer of the UK WMF chapter suddenly resigned in 2013.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2013/02/john-byrne-stands-down-as-the-treasurer-and-a-trustee-of-wikimedia-uk/|title=John Byrne Stands Down as the Treasurer and a Trustee of Wikimedia UK|date=February 3, 2013|accessdate=February 4, 2013}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Laura Hale, the outgoing vice president of Wikimedia Australia (who was an unsuccessful candidate for President in its 2012 election) applied for a travel grant with two of her friends to visit Colorado ski resorts in December 2012 and sought the funding retroactively.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wikimedia.org.au/wiki/Proposal:Paralympic_Winter_Sports|title=Proposal:Paralympic Winter Sports|accessdate=February 4, 2013|work=Wikimedia Australia}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The President of Wikimedia Australia has spend so much time traveling with the President of Wikimedia Indonesia that the two married.{{citation needed}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A number of departing WMF employees have left comments on the Glassdoor website, citing problems with senior management creating a very confused work environment.  The WMF suffers from a high staff turnover rate.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.glassdoor.com/Reviews/Wikimedia-Foundation-Reviews-E38331.htm|title=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=April 27, 2013}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The WMF's endowment is held separately by the [[Tides Foundation]] and is controlled by their Board of Trustees.  However, the agreement establishing the endowment between WMF and Tides provides for a separate &amp;quot;Wikimedia Endowment Advisory Board&amp;quot; to represent the Wikimedia communities interests when Tides makes decisions about the endowment. Instead of just having the WMF Board have a say in what will become the WMF's largest financial resource, a separate Board has been appointed with Jimmy Wales and Annette Campbell-White as its initial members.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://blog.wikimedia.org/2016/05/11/annette-campbell-white-endowment/|title=Annette Campbell-White named to the Wikimedia Endowment Advisory Board|date=May 11, 2016|accessdate=January 17, 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  In September, Peter Baldwin was added to the Advisory Board.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://blog.wikimedia.org/2016/09/09/peter-baldwin-endowment-board/|title=Peter Baldwin, professor and philanthropist, is appointed to the Wikimedia Endowment Advisory Board|quote=Endowment Board members are selected based on active involvement in philanthropic endeavors, prior nonprofit board experience, fundraising expertise, and a strong commitment to the Wikimedia Foundation’s mission.|accessdate=January 17, 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Lawsuits==&lt;br /&gt;
In March 2015, the WMF and other groups filed a lawsuit against the [[National Security Agency]] (NSA) challenging an upstream surveillance program that was revealled by [[Edward Snowden]], a former NSA contractor.  The District Court granted the NSA's motion to dismiss the lawsuit, but the WMF successfully appealed to the US Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.  That decision left the WMF as the only remaining plaintiff in the case, and the case is proceeding in District Court on remand.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|last=Nelson|first=Steven|title=Appeals Court: Wikimedia Can Fight NSA's 'Not Speculative' Internet Surveillance|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2017-05-23/appeals-court-wikimedia-can-fight-nsas-not-speculative-internet-surveillance|accessdate=24 May 2017|work=U.S. World and News Report|date=May 23, 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  On December 16, 2019, the District Court held that the WMF did not have standing to proceed with its claims. On February 14, 2020, the Wikimedia Foundation filed a notice of appeal in the Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|title=District Court rules for government in Wikimedia Foundation's mass surveillance case against the NSA |url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2019/12/17/district-court-rules-for-government-in-wikimedia-foundations-mass-surveillance-case-against-the-nsa/ |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |accessdate=September 20, 2020 |date=December 17, 2019}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2019, cold fusion researcher Abd ul-Rahman Lomax who was banned from Wikipedia filed a lawsuit against the Wikimedia Foundation, seeking $200,000 in damages.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.mad.207020/gov.uscourts.mad.207020.1.0.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Liberal Organizations]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Wikimedia Foundation]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation&amp;diff=1688786</id>
		<title>Wikimedia Foundation</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation&amp;diff=1688786"/>
		<updated>2020-09-21T03:59:11Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;FirstAmendment: epistemic justice - you could not make this stuff up if you tried&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.''' (WMF) is a not-for-profit Florida corporation with its principle place of business in [[San Francisco, California]]. It was founded by [[Jimmy Wales]], who has a permanent position on the Board of Directors. It operates several online collaborative wiki projects including [[Wikipedia]], [[Wiktionary]], [[Wikiquote]], [[Wikibooks]], [[Wikisource]], [[Wikimedia Commons]], [[Wikispecies]], [[Wikinews]], [[Wikiversity]], Wikimedia Incubator, Meta-Wiki, [[Wikidata]], [[Wikivoyage]], and owns the now-defunct Nupedia online encyclopedia.  Its Executive Director is Katherine Maher.  In essence, an operator of a phonographic website, set up a non-profit foundation to which to transfer his crowd-sourced project, only to end up with the Chairman of its Board of Directors being a lesbian secretly married to a woman who misused her Foundation connections to openly harass male volunteers that attempted to maintain quality control on her articles.  They then turned their back on their army of long-time volunteers to reinvent their projects to promote subjective individual personal opinions rather than objective truth to create &amp;quot;epistemic justice.&amp;quot;  Meanwhile, it is using its donations to sue the National Security Agency (NSA) over government efforts to fight terrorism.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
HQ is 1 Montgomery Street, Suite 1600, San Francisco, CA 94104 Phone:(415) 839-6885 Supposed business hours: 9AM–5PM PST.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Contact_us&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  However, the WMF shifted to remote operations and half-time work at full-time pay in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2020/03/06/wikimedia-foundation-will-close-san-francisco-office-and-encourage-remote-work-for-march-2020-amidst-covid-19-concerns/|title=Amid COVID-19, Wikimedia Foundation offers full pay for reduced hours, mobilizes all staff to work remote, and waives sick time|date=March 6, 2020|accessdate=Sept. 20, 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the fiscal year ending 6/30/17, the Executive Director's salary was $307,141.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=search.summary&amp;amp;orgid=11212|title=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=June 24, 2019}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
The creation of the foundation was officially announced on June 20, 2003, by the [[atheism|atheist]] and Wikipedia co-founder [[Jimmy Wales]],&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Rupert Neate&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite news | first = Rupert | last = Neate | title = Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales goes bananas | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/mediatechnologyandtelecoms/3399843/Wikipedia-founder-Jimmy-Wales-goes-bananas.html |work=The Daily Telegraph  | date= October 7, 2008 | accessdate =October 25, 2009 | quote = The encyclopedia's huge fan base became such a drain on Bomis's resources that Mr Wales, and co-founder Larry Sanger, thought of a radical new funding model&amp;amp;nbsp;– charity.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; who had been operating Wikipedia within his pornographic company [[Bomis]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web | url = http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2003-June/010743.html | title = Wikipedia English mailing list message | date = June 20, 2003 | first = Jimmy | last = Wales | authorlink = Jimmy Wales}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; At the time, Wikipedia was operating out of Bomis' offices in St. Petersburg, Florida.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The name &amp;quot;Wikimedia&amp;quot; was [[neologism|coined]] by American author [[Sheldon Rampton]] in a post to the English mailing list in March 2003.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web | url = http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2003-March/001887.html | title = Wikipedia English mailing list message | date = March 16, 2003 | first = Sheldon | last = Rampton | authorlink = Sheldon Rampton }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
At the start, Wales transferred ownership of all Wikipedia, Wiktionary and [[Nupedia]] [[domain name]]s to Wikimedia along with the copyrights for all materials related to these projects that were created by [[Bomis]] employees or Wales himself. The computer equipment used to run all the Wikimedia projects was also donated by Wales to the foundation, which also acquired the domain names &amp;quot;wikimedia.org&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;wikimediafoundation.org&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In April 2005, the US [[Internal Revenue Service]] determined that the foundation was an educational foundation in the category &amp;quot;[[Adult education|Adult]], [[Continuing education|Continuing Education]]&amp;quot;, making all contributions to the foundation [[Tax deduction|tax-deductible]] for U.S. federal income tax purposes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On September 25, 2007, the foundation's board decided to move to the [[San Francisco Bay Area]]. The Board said its major reasons for choosing San Francisco were proximity to like-minded organizations and potential partners as well as cheaper and more convenient international travel than is available from St. Petersburg, Florida.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;MoncadaWikimoveTribune&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web | url = http://www2.tbo.com/content/2007/sep/25/wikimedia-foundation-moving-another-bay-area/?news-breaking | title= Wikimedia Foundation Moving To Another Bay Area | author = Carlos Moncada | work = [[The Tampa Tribune]] |date = September 25, 2007 | quote = }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;MullinsWikimoveTribune&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web | url= http://www.tbo.com/news/money/MGBNF5F517F.html | title = Online Encyclopedia To Leave St. Petersburg For San Francisco | author = Richard Mullins | work = The Tampa Tribune |date = September 26, 2007 | quote = }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;KimWikimoveSFChronicle&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web | url= https://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/10/10/BU69SNMQ2.DTL&amp;amp;tsp=1 | title = Wikipedia team plans move to San Francisco | first = Ryan | last = Kim |work=San Francisco Chronicle | date = October 10, 2007 | quote = }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Wikimedia Foundation Board met in 2016 in a small town in Italy to discuss transparency and communication.  The Foundation funded all Board members' travel to Italy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Wikia==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Main|Wikia}}&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In January 2004, [[Jimmy Wales]] appointed his business partners [[Tim Shell]] and Michael E. Davis to the foundation's board. In June 2004, an election was held for two user representative board members. Following one month of campaigning and two weeks of online voting, [[Angela Beesley Starling|Angela Beesley]] and [[Florence Devouard|Florence Nibart-Devouard]] were elected to join the board. In late 2004, Wales and Beesley launched a startup company, [[Wikia]], affiliated with neither Wikimedia nor Bomis, except for their presence as principals/trustees. In July 2005, Beesley and Nibart-Devouard were re-elected to the board. On July 1, 2006, Beesley resigned from the board effective upon election of her successor, expressing concern about &amp;quot;certain events and tendencies that have arisen within the organization since the start of this year,&amp;quot; but stating her intent to continue to participate in the Wikimedia projects, and in the formation of an Australian chapter. A special election was held in September to finish Beesley's term, ending with the mid-2007 election. [[Erik Möller]] won the election. Möller was subsequently hired as Deputy Executive Director of the WMF. On December 8, 2006, the board expanded to seven people with the appointments of Kat Walsh and [[Oscar van Dillen]]. Walsh was elected Chair of the board in July 2012. Walsh was not re-elected to the WMF Board in 2013.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wales and Beesley continued to develop Wikia as a for-profit alternative to the WMF projects, and some critics allege that by deleting very specialized articles and content from Wikipedia, a core team was pushing people to develop specialized wikis on Wikia. When Wikipedia community voted 61-39% percent to treat all links to other sites equally by removing nofollow (Google-ignored) tags for all of them, the Wikipedia co-founder overruled this decision and Wikipedia now favors Wikia in its treatment of nofollow tags.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.techcrunch.com/2007/04/28/wikipedia-special-treatment-for-wikia-and-other-wikis/|title=Wikipedia: Special Treatment for Wikia and some other Wikis|author=Nik Cubrilovic|date=April 28, 2007|accessdate=July 22, 2012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2007-January/061137.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Michael E. Davis, a former business partner of Wales who served for years as a founding member of the WMF board and was MWF's Treasurer, was named Treasurer and Secretary of Wikia in January 2006. In January 2009, Wikia subleased two conference rooms to the WMF.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wales continues as a voting member of the WMF Board and serves as its spokesperson.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In August 2009, Matt Halprin, Partner of the Omidyar Network, was asked to join the Wikimedia Foundation board of trustees. Halprin was responsible for an Omidyar team that “pursues investments in Social Media”, and Omidyar invested part of $4 million into Wikia, Inc. in 2006. So, his company would succeed if Wikia made a nice return on investment, yet of all of the available competent Silcon Valley experts, the WMF selected Halprin to serve on the Board that is entrusted to ensure that the WMF treats Wikia on an arms-length basis.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2006, Wikia received a major round of venture capital funding from Amazon.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/stories/2006/12/04/daily16.html?jst=b_ln_hl|title=Amazon invests in Wikia|work=Puget Sound Business Journal|date=December 6, 2006|accessdate=February 4, 2013}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Although a large number of payment processors are available, as of 2013, the WMF uses Amazon to process donation payments.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Village_pump_%28policy%29&amp;amp;diff=526220744&amp;amp;oldid=526213000#Wikipedia_is_now_enriching_itself_by_contributing_to_the_destruction_of_small_businesses|title=Wikipedia:Village pump (policy)|date=December 3, 2012|accessdate=February 4, 2013}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wikia created the &amp;quot;Speedy Deletion Wikia&amp;quot; in which a robot harvested the Wikipedia articles that were deleted on an expedited basis and then reposted them on Wikia.  These included copyrighted material and pornographic images that were deleted because of their objectionable nature.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jimbo_Wales&amp;amp;diff=498803845&amp;amp;oldid=498803787|title=User Talk:Jimbo Wales|accessdate=January 13, 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Controversies==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Patrick administration===&lt;br /&gt;
WMF announced on 2006-06-19 that it had hired attorney Bradford Patrick as internal counsel acted as interim Executive Director.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2006-06-19/Brad_Patrick&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In early 2007, a prominent Wikipedia editor, named only &amp;quot;Essjay&amp;quot; online and described on his user profile &amp;quot;as a tenured professor of religion at a private university with expertise in canon law,&amp;quot; was exposed as a 24-year-old college kid in Kentucky. He resigned in disgrace — even though Wikipedia tried to retain him, claiming he'd edited thousands of articles with flair.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essjay_controversy&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Gardner administration===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====Doran scandal====&lt;br /&gt;
In January 2007, WMF named Carolyn Doran chief operating officer and Sandy Ordonez joined as [http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Head_of_Communications head of communications].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web | title = Current staff | publisher = Wikimedia Foundation | url = https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Current_staff | accessdate =February 1, 2007 | author = Danny | authorlink = foundation:User:Danny | archiveurl = https://wikimediafoundation.org/w/index.php?title=Current_staff&amp;amp;oldid=19370 | archivedate = February 1, 2007 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Doran began working at WMF as a part-time bookkeeper in 2006 after being sent by a [[Temporary work|temporary agency]]. Doran later left the foundation in July 2007, and [[Sue Gardner]] was hired as consultant and special advisor (later becoming the Chief Executive Officer). It was later disclosed&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news | first = Cade | last = Metz | title = Wikipedia COO was convicted felon | url = http://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/12/13/wikimedia_coo_convicted_felon/ | date = December 13, 2007 | accessdate =December 27, 2007 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; that Doran was a convicted [[felony|felon]], with a [[DUI]] arrest during her tenure at the foundation and a substantial criminal history, including shooting her boyfriend and complicity in credit card forgery.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news |authorlink=Brian Bergstein | first = Brian | last = Bergstein | title = Felon Became COO of Wikipedia Foundation | url = http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5hcWLu3fg-aDeJNfWTY6hlbz93oCwD8TM0HVG0 | date = December 21, 2007 | accessdate =December 27, 2007 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Her departure from the organization was cited as one of the reasons the foundation took about seven months to release its fiscal 2007 financial audit.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news | author = Ral315 | title = ''Signpost'' interview: Florence Devouard | url = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2007-11-19/Anthere_interview | work = The Wikipedia Signpost | date = November 19, 2007 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====2014 Staffing controversies====&lt;br /&gt;
One of the growing pains that organizations experience is that paid staff can be hired and perhaps perform their job duties well, but their off-duty conduct brings discredit to their employer.  This is particularly challenging for the WMF, who hired staff from the pool of Wikipedia volunteers, with many staff continuing to edit Wikipedia outside their regular WMF job duties.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In January 2014,  Sarah Stierch was discovered to have written Wikipedia articles for hire while being a full-time WMF employee. The WMF promptly announced her departure as an employee without any official explanation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2014-January/129466.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2014-01-08/News_and_notes|work=Wikimedia Signpost|date=January 8, 2014|title=WMF employee forced out over &amp;quot;paid advocacy editing&amp;quot;|accessdate=March 12, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In March 2014,  Ryan Kaldari, who has been working for the WMF for almost four years and is a Wikipedia administrator, got into an editing battle with another editor. Kaldari then made complaining comments about that editor under a second assumed name.  For that policy violation, Kaldari lost his administrator privileges.  However, the dispute caused Wikipedia users to research Kaldari's background and discovered that for years he has been the owner and operator of several other websites including &amp;quot;Snuffster.com&amp;quot;, which was intended as a parody of Friendster, but soon became a haven for Internet trolls to mock murdered children.  Kaldari has been paying for the site for 10 years and has actively added comments to various threads on the site.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.examiner.com/article/wikimedia-foundation-employee-caught-sockpuppeting-and-loses-admin-rights|first=Gregory|last=Kohs|title=Wikimedia Foundation employee caught sockpuppeting and loses admin rights |date=March 8, 204|accessdate=March 12, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.dailydot.com/news/wikipedia-sockpuppet-ryan-kaldari/|title=Wikipedia staffer at center of latest sockpuppet scandal|first=Rob|last=Price|work=Daily Dot|date= March 12, 2014|accessdate=March 16, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Kaldari's poor judgment in owning and operating this site was called to the attention of Jimbo Wales, who dismissed it out of hand.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jimbo_Wales&amp;amp;oldid=599304349&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Tretikov Administration===&lt;br /&gt;
In March 2013, Executive Director Sue Gardner announced that she would leave,&amp;lt;ref name=bizinsider/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/The_search_for_our_next_Executive_Director Retrieved June 16, 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and an extensive search did not produce a satisfactory candidate.  After a second search, Russian-born Lila Tretikov was selected as Gardner's replacement, and she took office on June 2, 2014.  The WMF appointed a transition team to assist her in learning her new role, and there was a three-week transition period following the announcement of her selection.  At the time, Tretikov was dating PHP programmer Will Sinclair.  Both Tretikov and Sinclair attempted to become immersed in Wikipedia culture, and Sinclair quickly found his way to the noted criticism website [[Wikipediocracy]], where he registered an account.  On May 30-June 1, 2014, the WMF sponsored a conference called &amp;quot;WikiConference USA&amp;quot; at the [[New York Law School]] which welcomed everyone to attend including &amp;quot;the curious, the skeptical, and others wishing to engage in meaningful conversation about the Wikimedia movement in the United States.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/WikiCon_USA_2014_Press_Release_v1.pdf Retrieved June 16, 2014&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  However, the afternoon before the conference began, Greg Kohs who had proposed to give a presentation on &amp;quot;paid editing&amp;quot; had his registration cancelled and was told not to attend.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://wikipediocracy.com/2014/06/02/wikiconference-usa-bans-critic-from-open-meeting/ Retrieved June 16, 2014&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Sinclair defended Kohs' right to attend and started a [http://wllm.com/ blog] and an [http://www.change.org/petitions/wikipedia-make-wikipedia-conferences-truly-open-to-all-by-allowing-greg-kohs-to-attend online petition] to advocate these views.  He also expressed his views on a WMF listserv.  In response, the WMF insiders turned vicious and openly suggested that Tretikov should break up their family and leave Sinclair because of his support for Kohs.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Jimbo#Regarding_the_nauseating_and_cowardly_remarks_made_by_Wikiconference_USA_attendees&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  On June 15, Sinclair announced on Mr. Wales talk page that he would no longer participate on Wikipediocracy.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jimbo_Wales&amp;amp;diff=612984072&amp;amp;oldid=612983354 June 15, 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Efforts to get Mr. Wales to clarify why Kohs was banned from the conference were met with censorship.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jimbo_Wales&amp;amp;diff=613156950&amp;amp;oldid=613156824 June 16, 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sinclair later in 2014 started his own &amp;quot;Off-Wiki&amp;quot; Wikipedia criticism site.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As Executive Director, Tretikov gave speeches and participated in meetings and conferences around the world.  Her travels may have made her less accessible to the WMF staff.  One important initiative that Tretikov started was improving the WMF's efforts in child protection.  Previously, the WMF left the decision to take disciplinary action against users to untrained volunteers on individual projects.  The project leaders complained that they were not properly trained to handle allegations that a user was a child predator.  Under Tretikov, the WMF legal staff began handling such complaints and banned a number of users from all WMF projects.&lt;br /&gt;
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In 2015, the WMF Board and Tretikov reorganized the &amp;quot;Advancement&amp;quot; fundraising staff and secretly entered into an agreement with the [[Tides Foundation]] to establish a separate endowment fund.  The Tides Foundation was established by liberal [[George Soros]].  Under the arrangement, the Tides Foundation will invest and control the endowment until it reaches its goal of $100 million at which time the WMF and Tides will agree on how to handle the money in the future.  The WMF has hired staff to solicit and process gifts for the endowment, and the endowment was publicly launched on January 15, 2016.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://15.wikipedia.org/endowment.html|title=Wikimedia Endowment|accessdate=Feb. 26, 2016}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Many people have questioned how the WMF could embark on a $100 million endowment fund drive just a few weeks after a banner ad campaign on its website begging for money to keep its servers running.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2015, Tretikov reorganized the staff and launched a secret project to develop a &amp;quot;Knowledge Engine&amp;quot; (KE) which some planning documents said would compete with [[Google]] as a means of searching sources beyond the WMF projects by automating the process of evaluating what information on the Internet was reliable.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2016/02/head-of-wikimedia-foundation-resigns-as-tensions-with-editors-mount/ Wikimedia Foundation director resigns after uproar over “Knowledge Engine”], ''Ars Technica''.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Tretikov applied for a grant of $2 million per year over three years from the Knight Foundation, but only received a one-time $250,000 grant to explore the concept. In November 2015, the WMF Board reaffirmed its support of Tretikov's leadership and retained a management consultant to mentor her. In addition, a number of senior WMF staff (including Deputy Director Erik Möller) departed, some making critical public remarks as they left.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://wikipediocracy.com/2016/02/26/unicorns-are-a-myth-lila-tretikov-resigns-as-wikimedia-foundation-executive-director/#comment-44801|title=Unicorns are a Myth: Lila Tretikov resigns as Wikimedia Foundation Executive Director|date=Feb. 26, 2016|accessdate=Feb. 26, 2016}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; It is easy to imagine KE to evolve into an attempt to provide the equivalent of a FICO score for every domain name, perhaps every known person on Earth, that third-party software would likely utilities to influence how second-rate search engines would rank information. Wales frequently uses software features at his web sites to discredit or silence the communications anyone he disapproves of. Wales had previously welcomed the idea of having a biography for every person on Earth but the &amp;quot;deletionist&amp;quot; element of his &amp;quot;community&amp;quot; (who simply lust after the destroying of information about low-fame entities) rejected the notion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:James Heilman.png|thumb|left|200px|James Heilman, M.D. was removed from the Board]] In July 2015, James Heilman, MD was elected to the WMF Board by the editing community after starting working at WP in 2008 and being a very active (&amp;quot;many hours a day&amp;quot;) and highly qualified non-anonymous editor and later administrator. He made many mass media presentations promoting the project and worked to improve its reliability especially for those seeking medical information. He attempted to recruit other physicians to help in the effort. Heilman brought staff dissatisfaction with Tretikov's leadership to the Board and pressed for more information on the Knowledge Engine and the Knight Foundation grant. On December 28, 2015, on the eve of two members leaving the Board, the Board held an emergency meeting and removed Heilman from the WMF Board by a vote of 8 to 2. The Board released a statement that Heilman &amp;quot;lacked the confidence&amp;quot; of his fellow trustees. The Community responded to his dismissal by pressing for the release of the Knowledge Engine grant application resulting in a public apology from Tretikov for pushing the project without first gaining consensus. Heilman continues to spend many hours a day contributing to WP as an editor and an admin and continues to make media appearances promoting the WP project.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://thewikipedian.net/tag/james-heilman/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/11/08/501087493/should-i-trust-wikipedia-with-my-health&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The WMF Board appointed two new people to fill outside Board slots effective January 1, one of which was a Google executive, Arnnon Geshuri who was a central figure in an antitrust case.  Community outrage over this improperly vetted appointment resulted in his resignation from the WMF Board.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2016/01/editors-demand-ouster-of-wikimedia-board-member-involved-in-no-poach-deal/|title= Law &amp;amp; Disorder / Civilization &amp;amp; Discontents Wikipedia editors revolt, vote &amp;quot;no confidence&amp;quot; in newest board member|date=Jan. 25, 2016|accessdate=Feb. 25, 2016}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  On February 25, 2016, Tretikov announced her resignation as the Wikimedia Foundation's Executive Director.&amp;lt;ref name=ltresign/&amp;gt; She continued until March 31.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Maher Administration===&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Katherine Maher.jpg|thumb|right|Katherine Maher, Executive Director]]&lt;br /&gt;
Katherine Maher was announced as the interim ED was announced and later it was announced that she was appointed permanently to the position.&amp;lt;ref name=ltresign&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2016-February/082472.html|title=Executive transition planning|date=February 25, 2016|accessdate=February 25, 2016}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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The female Chair of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Directors is married to Laura Hale.  Ms. Hale has a long history, dating back to 2011 of incompetent edits and abusing male editors.  A long-time male administrator, Fram, followed Ms. Hale around making corrections to her problematic edits.  In turn, Ms. Hale complained to the Trust &amp;amp; Security staff of the Wikimedia Foundation, rather than to the volunteer-staffed complaint mechanisms on Wikipedia.  Although the Trust &amp;amp; Security staff has previously banned a few editors for problems involving illegal conduct such as pedophilia, in June 2019, for the first time, they suspended Fram for one year for &amp;quot;incivility&amp;quot;.  In response, an English Wikipedia administrator lifted the block and was in turn stripped of his administratorship, and several other administrators resigned in protest.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram|title=Wikipedia:Community response to the Wikimedia Foundation's ban of Fram|accessdate=June 24, 2019}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  In response to a Buzzfeed article about the controversy,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/josephbernstein/wikipedia-ban-editor-culture-war|title=The Culture War Has Finally Come For Wikipedia|date=July 27, 2019|accessdate=July 28, 2019|work=Buzzfeed News}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Maher sent a tweet calling the article &amp;quot;s***ty.&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/krmaher/status/1144394019893460993|title=tweet|accessdate=June 28, 2019}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  As more Wikipedia Administrators and Bureaucrats resign or go on strike, the crisis has also been reported by Breitbart.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.breitbart.com/tech/2019/06/28/wikipedia-editors-revolt-over-sites-ban-of-veteran-administrator/|title=Wikipedia Editors Revolt over Site’s Ban of Veteran Administrator|date=July 28, 2019|work=Breitbart|accessdate=July 28, 2019}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Despite the Fram-Laura Hale scandal, on August 15, 2019, the WMF Board re-elected Laura Hale's wife to serve another year as Board chair.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2019/08/16/wikimedia-foundation-announces-shani-evenstein-sigalov-as-new-trustee-as-well-as-leadership-appointments-at-fifteenth-annual-wikimania/&lt;br /&gt;
|title=Wikimedia Foundation announces Shani Evenstein Sigalov as new Trustee, as well as leadership appointments at fifteenth annual Wikimania|date=August 16, 2019|accessdate=August 17, 2019}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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There is a fundamental rift at Wikipedia.  On the one hand, editors from the global north advocate that knowledge is produced by the scientific method, and that Wikipedia should only document verifiable facts.  On the other hand, editors from the global south believe that Western civilization is the product of old or dead white men and that Wikipedia should give voice to suppressed people who have personal experiences that may not meet the accepted standards currently imposed by the traditional views of knowledge.  These people advocate a &amp;quot;post-modernist&amp;quot; definition of knowledge, including folk remedies supplanting Western medicine and counteracting the historic bias that views males as holding key roles in history, when they serve as military or political leaders.  This later group views the current governing structure and resource allocation of the Foundation as illegitimate and wants to rebuild both Wikipedia and the Foundation into something very different so that when internet access spreads throughout the world by 2030, people in the global south will be involved with Wikipedia instead of some other website that might become established to serve their own communities.&lt;br /&gt;
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To assure that all views were heard, the WMF devoted millions of dollars on a strategic planning exercise that held workshops in the global south and provided very few opportunities for input from editors in Europe or the United States.  The result was a large set of self-contradictory recommendations.  Next, the WMF hosted a &amp;quot;harmonization sprint&amp;quot; in Tunis which was attended by Laura Hale's wife and Maher to try to unify the recommendations.  Finally, a writing group was appointed to write a self-consistent set of recommendations, for which public comment will be collected in January-February 2020.&lt;br /&gt;
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Although a large number of non-profit groups issued virtue signaling statements following the death of George Floyd, Maher (speaking for the WMF) used the opportunity to announce a complete surrender to the faction that refocused the mission on knowledge equity and also announced that WMF websites would abandon their unbiased coverage of race relations.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2020/06/03/we-stand-for-racial-justice/|title=We stand for racial justice.|date=June 3, 2020|accessdate=Sept. 17. 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Maher described as a goal:&lt;br /&gt;
{{cquote|Our content: Building power, relationships, and resources to advance epistemic justice and redress the exclusion and omission of Black, indigenous, and communities of color within knowledge systems in general and the Wikimedia projects specifically.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Site shut downs==&lt;br /&gt;
As a section 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization, the foundation must not be &amp;quot;carrying on propaganda, or otherwise attempting, to influence legislation (except as otherwise provided in subsection (h)), and which does not participate in, or intervene in (including the publishing or distributing of statements), any political campaign on behalf of (or in opposition to) any candidate for public office.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{USC|26|501(c)(3)}}.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; However, WMF has repeatedly used shutting down its website or threatening to shut down its website as a tactic to pressure specific legislative outcomes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On October 4, 2011, the WMF servers were reprogrammed to hide the contents of the [[Italian Wikipedia|Italian language version of Wikipedia]], as a protest against paragraph 29 of the &amp;quot;''[[DDL intercettazioni]]''&amp;quot; (Wiretapping Bill).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.camera.it/_dati/leg16/lavori/stampati/pdf/16PDL0038530.pdf |title=Camera dei Deputati: disegno di legge N. 1415-B |language=Italian |date=11 June 2010 |accessdate=September 18, 2012 |publisher=Camera dei Deputati}} ([http://translate.google.com/translate?sl=it&amp;amp;tl=en&amp;amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.camera.it%2F_dati%2Fleg16%2Flavori%2Fstampati%2Fpdf%2F16PDL0038530.pdf English translation])&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The proposed bill would empower anyone who believes themselves to have been attacked by the content of a web site to enforce publication of a reply, uneditable and uncommented, on the same web site, within 48 hours and without any prior evaluation of the claim by a judge or to face a €12,000 fine.&lt;br /&gt;
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On October 4 through 6, 2011, the WMF redirected all pages on the Italian language version of Wikipedia redirected to a statement opposing the proposed legislation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.businessinsider.com/italy-wikipedia-wiretapping-2011-10 &amp;quot;Wikipedia Shuts Down Italian Site In Response To Berlusconi's New Wiretap Act&amp;quot;], Adam Taylor, ''Business Insider'', 4 October 2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  This was true for all users, not just those IP addresses based in Italy. On October 7, the Italian Wikipedia pages were again available, but a notice about the proposed legislation was still displayed at the top of pages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The success of the Italian shut down whetted the appetite of people seeking to influence legislation in the United States. In December 2011,  Wikipedia co-founder [[Jimmy Wales]] discussed a possible coordinated blackout by Wikipedia and other United States websites to protest anti-piracy two bills pending before the United States Congress: [[SOPA]] and [[PIPA]]. After committing the WMF to join a larger boycott, Wales initiated discussion with editors about his plan. Editors and others&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Charlie Osborne, [https://www.zdnet.com/blog/igeneration/would-a-wikipedia-blackout-be-such-a-bad-thing/13726 &amp;quot;Would a Wikipedia blackout be such a bad thing?&amp;quot;], ''iGeneration'' on [[ZDNet]], December 13, 2011, 11:04&amp;amp;nbsp;am PST. Retrieved September 18, 2012.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; debated the alternatives of completely interrupting service for one or more days, or alternatively presenting site visitors with a blanked page directing them to further information before permitting them to complete searches.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/jimmy-wales/8953273/Wikipedia-co-founder-threatens-blackout-over-anti-piracy-law.html |title=Wikipedia co-founder threatens blackout over anti-piracy law |work=The Telegraph |date=December 13, 2011 |author=Christopher Williams |accessdate=September 18, 2012 |location=London}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;itnews wikipedia mulls blackout&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.itnews.com.au/News/284285,wikipedia-mulls-blackout-to-protest-sopa.aspx |title=Wikipedia mulls blackout to protest SOPA |publisher=itnews |date=December 13, 2011 |accessdate=September 18, 2012 |author=Brett Winterford |quote=Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales has threatened a knowledge &amp;quot;blackout&amp;quot; of the online encyclopedia to protest a US anti-piracy bill that could have serious ramifications for online service providers.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; On January 16, the Wikimedia Foundation announced that the English-language Wikipedia would be blacked out for 24 hours on January 18.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news |title=Wikipedia to go dark in piracy protest |date=January 17, 2012 |work=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-01-17/wiki-to-go-dark-in-piracy-protest/3778452 |accessdate=September 18, 2012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The Simple English Wikipedia voted to continue full service and did not join the blackout.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_talk/Archive_97#Potential_black-out_of_Simple_English_Wikipedia_in_the_US&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Many editors complained that the blackout decision was not made in a democratic fashion and undercut Wikipedia's objectivity and non-political mission.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news | url = https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/wikipedia-editors-question-sites-planned-blackout-15381673 | title =  Wikipedia Editors Question Site's Planned Blackout | first = Peter | last = Svensson | date = January 17, 2012 | accessdate = September 18, 2012| agency = Associated Press }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The SOPA/PIPA issue is so important to Sue Gardner, the WMF Executive Director, that in March 2013, she announced that she will be leaving her position to pursue the issue in another capacity.&amp;lt;ref name=bizinsider&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/wikimedia-foundations-sue-gardner-leaving-2013-3|work=Business Insider|date= March 28, 2013|title=The Woman Who Made Wikipedia Huge Is Stepping Down|accessdate=Arpril 27, 2013}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; She left on June 1, 2014.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Finances==&lt;br /&gt;
WMF's fundraising and expenses have grown at a very rapid rate. Some critics claim that WMF is taking in money faster than it can spend wisely.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Forum&amp;amp;oldid=4864408&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+ Wikimedia financial data through June 2016 (financial years run from July 1 to June 30)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;text-align: left; vertical-align: top&amp;quot; | Fiscal year&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; vertical-align: top&amp;quot; | Revenue&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; vertical-align: top&amp;quot; | Year-over-year ratio&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;(revenue)&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; vertical-align: top&amp;quot; | Expenses&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; vertical-align: top&amp;quot; | Year-over-year ratio&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;(expenses)&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; vertical-align: top&amp;quot; | Net assets&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; vertical-align: top&amp;quot; | Year-over-year ratio&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;(net assets)&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2003–2004&amp;lt;ref name=2004-2006&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/2/28/Wikimedia_2006_fs.pdf |title=Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Financial Statements June 30, 2006, 2005 and 2004 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=November 26, 2012|format=PDF}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;80129&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{steady}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $80,129&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{steady}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: center; width: 42%&amp;quot; | N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;23463&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{steady}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $23,463&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{steady}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: center; width: 42%&amp;quot; | N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;56666&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{steady}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $56,666&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{steady}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: center; width: 42%&amp;quot; | N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2004–2005&amp;lt;ref name=2004-2006 /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;379088&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $379,088&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;373.10&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 373.1%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;177670&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $177,670&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;657.2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 657.2%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;268084&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $268,084&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;373.09&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 373.1%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2005–2006&amp;lt;ref name=2004-2006 /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;1508039&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $1,508,039&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;297.81&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 297.8%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;791907&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $791,907&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;345.72&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 345.7%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;1004216&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $1,004,216&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;274.59&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 274.6%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2006–2007&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/4/49/Wikimedia_2007_fs.pdf |title=Microsoft Word – {F0900CC7-D37E-4CDF-95E3-B1F38D7DCD03}.doc |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=November 26, 2012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;2734909&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $2,734,909&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;81.4&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 81.4%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;2077843&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $2,077,843&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;162.38&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 162.4%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;1658282&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $1,658,282&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;65.13&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 65.1%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2007–2008&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/4/4c/Wikimedia_20072008_fs.pdf |title=Microsoft Word – 31935 SFO Wikimedia fs.doc |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=November 26, 2012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;5032981&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $5,032,981&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;84.0&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 84.0%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;3540724&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $3,540,724&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;70.40&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 70.4%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;5178168&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $5,178,168&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;212.26&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 212.3%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2008–2009&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/4/4f/FINAL_08_09From_KPMG.pdf |title=Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Financial Statements June 30, 2009 and 2008 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=November 26, 2012|format=PDF}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;8658006&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $8,658,006&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;72.0&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 72.0%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;5617236&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $5,617,236&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;58.65&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 58.6%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;8231767&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $8,231,767&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;58.97&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 59.0%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2009–2010&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/c/cc/FINAL_09_10From_KPMG.pdf |title=Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Financial Statements June 30, 2010 and 2009 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=November 26, 2012|format=PDF}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;17979312&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $17,979,312&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;107.7&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 107.7%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;10266793&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $10,266,793&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;82.77&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 82.8%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;14542731&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $14,542,731&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;76.67&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 76.7%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2010–2011&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/a/ac/FINAL_10_11From_KPMG.pdf |title=Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Financial Statements June, 2011 and 2010 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation| format=PDF|accessdate=2015-10-25}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;24785092&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $24,785,092&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;37.8&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 37.8%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;17889794&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $17,889,794&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;74.25&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 74.2%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;24192144&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $24,192,144&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;66.35&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 66.3%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2011–2012&amp;lt;ref name=2011-2012&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/0/09/FINAL_11_12From_KPMG.pdf|title= Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Financial Statements June, 2012 and 2011|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=December 26, 2012|format=PDF}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;38479665&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $38,479,665&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;55.2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 55.2%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;29260652&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $29,260,652&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;63.56&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 63.6%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;34929058&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $34,929,058&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;44.38&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 44.4%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2012–2013&amp;lt;ref name=2012-2013&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/6/6e/FINAL_12_13From_KPMG.pdf|title= Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Financial Statements June, 2013 and 2012|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=December 14, 2013|format=PDF}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;48635408&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $48,635,408&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;26.4&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 26.4%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;35704796&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $35,704,796&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;22.02&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 22.0%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;45189124&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $45,189,124&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;29.37&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 29.4%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2013–2014&amp;lt;ref name=2014-2015 /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;52465287&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $52,465,287&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;8.6&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 8.6%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;45900745&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $45,900,745&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;28.6&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 28.6%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;53475021&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $53,475,021&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;18.3&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 18.3%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2014–2015&amp;lt;ref name=2014-2015&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/4/43/Wikimedia_Foundation_Audit_Report_-_FY15-16.pdf|title=Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Financial Statements June, 2016 and 2015|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=November 15, 2016}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;74536375&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $74,536,375&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;44.5&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 44.5%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;52596782&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $52,596,782&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;14.6&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 14.6%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;77820298&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $77,820,298&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;45.5&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 45.5%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2015–2016&amp;lt;ref name=2015-2016&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/4/43/Wikimedia_Foundation_Audit_Report_-_FY15-16.pdf|title=Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Financial Statements June, 2016 and 2015|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=November 15, 2016}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;81862724&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 12%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 88%&amp;quot; | $81,862,724&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;9.8&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 9.8%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;65947465&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $65,947,465&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;25.4&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increaseNegative}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 25.4%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;91782795&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 5%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 95%&amp;quot; | $91,782,795&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;text-align: right&amp;quot; data-sort-value=&amp;quot;17.9&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;width: 58%&amp;quot; | {{increase}} || style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; width: 42%&amp;quot; | 17.9%&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
If the WMF has $91 million in the bank, those funds could produce (at 4%) $3,640,000 in annual income, which is more than enough to fund the Wikipedia web servers in perpetuity.  So, people are questioning the need for the WMF's annual fund raising campaign.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://wikipediocracy.com/2014/12/11/the-wikipedia-fundraising-banner-sad-but-untrue/|title=The Wikipedia Fundraising Banner: Sad but Untrue|date=December 11, 2014|accessdate=December 12, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.quora.com/What-are-some-good-arguments-against-donating-to-the-Wikimedia-Foundation/answer/Andreas-Kolbe|title=What are some good arguments against donating to the Wikimedia Foundation?|work=Quora|accessdate=December 15, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://newslines.org/blog/stop-giving-wikipedia-money/|title=Stop giving Wikipedia money|date=December 4, 2014|accessdate=December 15, 2014|work=Newslines}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Each year the WMF conducts a fundraising drive to keep the webservers working on that popular liberal website. They claim the donations go to &amp;quot;Servers, bandwidth, maintenance, development.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://donate.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:FundraiserLandingPage&amp;amp;country=US&amp;amp;uselang=en&amp;amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;amp;utm_source=donate&amp;amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org|title=Make Your Donation Now - Donate|accessdate=September 3, 2013}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Yet, in the period July - December 2012, the WMF took in $30.9 million but spent only $1.3 million on internet hosting.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/6/68/Jul-Dec%2712_Mid-year_financials2.pdf|title=Actual vs. Plan Comparison|work=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=September 3, 2013}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; During 2012, the net worth of the WMF grew by $11 million. Yet, liberal Wikipedia users continue to donate in response to the WMF's urgent appeals.&lt;br /&gt;
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In spring 2014, Jimmy Wales began to pander for [[bitcoin]] donations at websites where bitcoin investors were seeking ways to lend legitimacy to the digital currency.  He promised to ask the WMF Board to allow bitcoin donations on the Wikipedia website.  In the summer of 2014, the WMF made arrangements with Coinbase, who promised to convert bitcoin into dollars without charge. Thereafter, a bitcoin option was added to the WMF donation page.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://techcrunch.com/2014/07/30/wikipedia-now-accepts-bitc  donations-with-coinbase/|publisher=techcrunch.com|title=Wikipedia Now Accepts Bitcoin Donations With Coinbase|date=July 30, 2014|accessdate=August 8, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Seth Meyers noted on his ''Late Night'' program, &amp;quot;Wikipedia is now accepting donations using the online currency Bitcoin. So now you can support information you're not sure is true with currency you're not sure is money.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.thespec.com/living-story/4733681-tuesdayfile/ Retrieved August 8, 2014&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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In addition to the WMF staff, the WMF awards grants and hires outside contractors.  In the 2016 fiscal year, two law firms, Jones Day ($1,557,553) and Cooley LLP ($410,560), were among the largest payments.  The WMF paid $436,104 to Minassian Media Inc. for public relations.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/4/44/Wikimedia_Foundation_2015_Form_990.pdf|title=2015-16 Form 990|accessdate=July 7, 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Craig Minassian also serves as Chief Communications Officer of the [[Clinton Foundation]].&lt;br /&gt;
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==Dispersed accountability==&lt;br /&gt;
A major factor in preventing accountability is that the fundraising conducted on the Wikipedia website links to a number of different solicitation pages depending on the nationality of the donor.  Although the WMF collects the funds from donors located in the United States and other nations, fundraising in many countries is conducted by the country's own national chapter.  The chapters then share the revenues with WMF.  However, each chapter adopts its own spending practices and accountability standards.&lt;br /&gt;
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The German chapter spends a portion of its funds on technology, but most of the other chapters focus on conferences, travel and other soft costs. Needless to say, with so much money being spent on non-technology / infrastructure items, the WMF and its chapters have drawn critics from within their own organization.  However, internal dissent is quickly deleted.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Netball&amp;amp;diff=next&amp;amp;oldid=535697243|title=Talk:Netball|date=January 30, 2013}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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The WMF has two chapters in the United States: Wikimedia New York (which has a 501(c)(3) status from the IRS) and Wikimedia District of Columbia, whose 501(c)(3) exemption application was abandoned.  The Treasurer of the UK WMF chapter suddenly resigned in 2013.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2013/02/john-byrne-stands-down-as-the-treasurer-and-a-trustee-of-wikimedia-uk/|title=John Byrne Stands Down as the Treasurer and a Trustee of Wikimedia UK|date=February 3, 2013|accessdate=February 4, 2013}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Laura Hale, the outgoing vice president of Wikimedia Australia (who was an unsuccessful candidate for President in its 2012 election) applied for a travel grant with two of her friends to visit Colorado ski resorts in December 2012 and sought the funding retroactively.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wikimedia.org.au/wiki/Proposal:Paralympic_Winter_Sports|title=Proposal:Paralympic Winter Sports|accessdate=February 4, 2013|work=Wikimedia Australia}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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The President of Wikimedia Australia has spend so much time traveling with the President of Wikimedia Indonesia that the two married.{{citation needed}}&lt;br /&gt;
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A number of departing WMF employees have left comments on the Glassdoor website, citing problems with senior management creating a very confused work environment.  The WMF suffers from a high staff turnover rate.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.glassdoor.com/Reviews/Wikimedia-Foundation-Reviews-E38331.htm|title=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=April 27, 2013}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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The WMF's endowment is held separately by the [[Tides Foundation]] and is controlled by their Board of Trustees.  However, the agreement establishing the endowment between WMF and Tides provides for a separate &amp;quot;Wikimedia Endowment Advisory Board&amp;quot; to represent the Wikimedia communities interests when Tides makes decisions about the endowment. Instead of just having the WMF Board have a say in what will become the WMF's largest financial resource, a separate Board has been appointed with Jimmy Wales and Annette Campbell-White as its initial members.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://blog.wikimedia.org/2016/05/11/annette-campbell-white-endowment/|title=Annette Campbell-White named to the Wikimedia Endowment Advisory Board|date=May 11, 2016|accessdate=January 17, 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  In September, Peter Baldwin was added to the Advisory Board.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://blog.wikimedia.org/2016/09/09/peter-baldwin-endowment-board/|title=Peter Baldwin, professor and philanthropist, is appointed to the Wikimedia Endowment Advisory Board|quote=Endowment Board members are selected based on active involvement in philanthropic endeavors, prior nonprofit board experience, fundraising expertise, and a strong commitment to the Wikimedia Foundation’s mission.|accessdate=January 17, 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==Lawsuits==&lt;br /&gt;
In March 2015, the WMF and other groups filed a lawsuit against the [[National Security Agency]] (NSA) challenging an upstream surveillance program that was revealled by [[Edward Snowden]], a former NSA contractor.  The District Court granted the NSA's motion to dismiss the lawsuit, but the WMF successfully appealed to the US Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.  That decision left the WMF as the only remaining plaintiff in the case, and the case is proceeding in District Court on remand.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|last=Nelson|first=Steven|title=Appeals Court: Wikimedia Can Fight NSA's 'Not Speculative' Internet Surveillance|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2017-05-23/appeals-court-wikimedia-can-fight-nsas-not-speculative-internet-surveillance|accessdate=24 May 2017|work=U.S. World and News Report|date=May 23, 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  On December 16, 2019, the District Court held that the WMF did not have standing to proceed with its claims. On February 14, 2020, the Wikimedia Foundation filed a notice of appeal in the Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|title=District Court rules for government in Wikimedia Foundation's mass surveillance case against the NSA |url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2019/12/17/district-court-rules-for-government-in-wikimedia-foundations-mass-surveillance-case-against-the-nsa/ |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |accessdate=September 20, 2020 |date=December 17, 2019}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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In 2019, cold fusion researcher Abd ul-Rahman Lomax who was banned from Wikipedia filed a lawsuit against the Wikimedia Foundation, seeking $200,000 in damages.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.mad.207020/gov.uscourts.mad.207020.1.0.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Category:Liberal Organizations]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Wikimedia Foundation]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>FirstAmendment</name></author>
	</entry>
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