Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Nova Scotia

2007-11-25T02:54:20Z

HCP:

'''Nova Scotia''' is a maritime [[Canadian]] province bordering on land [[New Brunswick]], and the [[Atlantic Ocean]], the Bay of Fundy and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Its name is Gaelic for New Scotland.

Some historians believe that Celtic monks from Iceland settled in [[Cape Breton Island]] in 875AD.<ref> [Reader's Digest Atlas of Canada], 1995, pg 51</ref> John Cabot first visited Nova Scotia in 1497 and the first permanent settlement was established in 1605. The capital city is [[Halifax]], and Nova Scotia joined as on of the founders of confederation in 1867. In 1848 it was the first British colony to have responsible government. Prior to Confederation, Nova Scotia was the richest region in what is now Canada due to booming fishery and wooden boat-building industries. Nova Scotia lost its great source of early wealth with both the advent of steam powered sea vessels and the decline of the fisheries.

The province has a total area of 55,490 km2 with a population of 932,966 (2007) <ref>[http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/070628/d070628c.htm| Statistics Canada Canada's population estimates]</ref> accounting for 2.8% of the national total. The per capita provincial income in 2006 was $27,323<ref>[http://www.gov.ns.ca/finance/statistics/agency/index.asp?p=5|Nova Scotia Ministry of Finance]</ref>.

The current Premier of Nova Scotia is the Honorable Rodney MacDonald, former Minister of Sport and successor to John Hamm.

Nova Scotia has a large tourism industry attracting visitors from across Canada and the world. Several of the major attractions are the Halifax Citadel, and greater Halifax region. The highlands of [[Cape Breton Island]], the Atlantic Ocean shores and the quaint villages of the north shore on the Bay of Fundy. [[Alexander Graham Bell]]'s home and museum is also in the province [http://www.pc.gc.ca/lhn-nhs/ns/grahambell/index_e.asp/ National Historic Site]. <ref> [Reader's Digest Atlas of Canada], 1995, pg 51</ref>

[[Category:Canada]]
[[Category:Geography]]

== References ==
<references/>

== External Links ==
* [http://novascotia.com/en/home/default.aspx Nova Scotia Tourism]

Frank LoBiondo

2007-11-25T02:52:04Z

HCP:

[[image: franklobiondo.jpg|thumb|right|300px]]

'''Frank LoBiondo''' is a [[Republican]] [[Congressional Representative]] from [[New Jersey]]. He has one of the highest Congressional ratings from The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS). He works tirelessly to sponsor, co-sponsor or pass legilation involving protection of animals.

[[Category:Political People]]

United Irishmen

2007-11-25T02:40:41Z

HCP:

The '''United Irishmen''' were an organisation agitating for [[Ireland|Irish]] independence from [[United Kingdom|Britain]] at the end of the eighteenth century. They were led by the [[Protestant]] [[Wolfe Tone]], who was also the National Secretary of the [[Catholic]] Committee.

Tone was concerned by the plight of the mass of the Irish Catholic population writing; "...they have been stripped of all land, the bulk are in the lowest degree of misery, they seldom taste bread, live in wretched hovels and labor incessantly".

He attempted to unite Catholics and Protestants and had many avid [[Presbytarian]] followers.

Wolfe Tone planned to persuade the [[France|French]] to send an army that would back an uprising against the aristocracy. After repeated requests, the [[French Directory]], seeing an oppotunity to weaken British power, agreed. A singe fleet was sent under the command of [[Hoche]] to land at [[Cork]] on the south coast of [[Ireland]] in December 1796. However, a freak [[hurricane]] forced the fleet to return.

The fleet had, however, been spotted and the Chief Secretary for Ireland, [[Lord Pelham]], ordered a reign of terror. Anyone suspected of supporting the invasion or Wolfe Tone was to be flogged.

Sending a [[foreign]] force to subdue an area by force predictably backfired and much of the population of Ireland was impressed that the French had sent anyone at all. The United Irishmen grew in numbers until there were 120,000 across [[Ulster]]. At this point the [[Royal Navy]] were on the point of mutiny. A second, more half hearted French invasion failed however. In part due to the support garnered for British rule by newly set up [[Orange Lodge]]s.

[[Category:Ireland]]

Hudson Bay

2007-11-25T02:37:58Z

HCP:

'''Hudson Bay''' is a large bay area(1.23 million km²) in northeastern [[Canada]]. It is named after Henry Hudson, who explored the area in 1610. The region is noted for providing high quality timber, strategic metals (particularly chromium), and hydroelectric power.

[[Category:Bodies of water]]
[[Category:Canada]]

Harbor

2007-11-25T02:36:46Z

HCP:

{{stub}}
 

A '''Harbor''' is a body of water next to land that has the proper conditions, such as depth of the water, to be suitable to offer anchorage for naval vessels and other [[ocean]]-going vessels. Some harbors are natural and some are man-made.

[[Category: Shipping terms]]

Homoousios

2007-11-25T02:36:05Z

HCP:

Homoousios is a term adopted by the first general council of the early Christian church to confirm that [[Christ]] was [[God]], one in being with the Father, and not simply like and from [[God]] as claimed by the [[Arians]] who were condemned at the [[Council of Nicea]].
[[category:religion]]

Jane Fonda

2007-11-25T02:31:22Z

HCP:

'''Jane Fonda''' is an actress famous for playing stereotyped, shallow feminine movie roles early in her career mixed with serious dramatic roles and then comedy later in her career. She supported the [[North Vietnam]]ese side in the [[Vietnam War]] and (for a while) was married to political activist [[Tom Hayden]] and then later to media mogul [[Ted Turner]]. Her marriage to Ted ended when she became a [[Christian]]. <ref>Ted Turner became upset when she began attending Atlanta's fashionable Peachtree Presbyterian Church. [http://www.jesusjournal.com/content/view/80/85/ How Jane Fonda Met Jesus] </ref> She is the daughter of [[Henry Fonda]].

After her retirement from movies, she resumed her acting career typecast as a bad-tempered, interfering old busybody.

Apart from acting, Fonda is also known for a series of workout tapes she produced that gained prominence in the early 1980s.

==Notes==
<references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT: Fonda, Jane}}

[[category:actresses]]

Steven Brill

2007-11-25T02:29:09Z

HCP:

'''Steven Brill''' is the founder of ''American Lawyer'' magazine and [[Court TV]].

==Quotes==

"When it comes to [[arrogance]], [[power]], and lack of [[accountability]], [[journalist]]s are probably the only people on the planet who make [[lawyer]]s look good." <ref>Quoted in the front matter of ''[[Bias (book)|]]'' </ref>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brill, Steven}}

[[category:biographies]]

The Angel of Death

2007-11-25T02:28:00Z

HCP: Redundant. Is there any other capital-G God?

The '''Angel of Death''' is one of [[God]]'s [[arch-angels]] or [[archons]] and is responsible for escorting souls to [[Heaven]], [[Hell]] or [[Purgatory]]. The Angel of Death is sometimes depicted as the [[Grim Reaper]].

[[category:religion]]

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

2007-11-25T02:26:53Z

HCP:

[[Image:Tonkinresolution.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution]]
On August 4, 1964, President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] announced that two days earlier, U.S. ships in the [[Gulf of Tonkin]] had been attacked by the [[North Vietnam]]ese. Johnson dispatched U.S. planes against the attackers and asked Congress to pass a resolution to support his actions. The joint resolution “to promote the maintenance of international peace and security in southeast Asia” passed on August 7, with only two Senators (Wayne Morse and Ernest Gruening) dissenting, and became the subject of great political controversy in the course of the undeclared war that followed.

The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution stated that “Congress approves and supports the determination of the President, as Commander in Chief, to take all necessary measures to repeal any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent any further aggression.” As a result, President Johnson, and later President [[Richard Nixon]], relied on the resolution as the legal basis for their military policies in Vietnam.

As public resistance to the war heightened, the resolution was repealed by Congress in January 1971.

The ''New York Times'', owned by a radical leftist, claimed that the US had provoked the incident, but the [[Pentagon papers]] (published by the same newspaper!) showed this to be false. <ref>The Times went on to assert that American forces had deliberately provoked the alleged attacks on its ships in the Gulf of Tonkin to justify a Congressional resolution supporting our war efforts. In fact, the Pentagon papers said the opposite: there was no evidence that we had provoked whatever attacks may have occurred. [http://www.opinionjournal.com/federation/feature/?id=110009203] </ref>

==Notes==
<references/>

==Transcript of Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964)==
'''Eighty-eighth Congress of the United States of America'''

AT THE SECOND SESSION

Begun and held at the City of Washington on Tuesday, the seventh day of January, one thousand nine hundred and sixty-four

Joint Resolution
To promote the maintenance of international peace and security in southeast Asia.

Whereas naval units of the Communist regime in Vietnam, in violation of the principles of the Charter of the United Nations and of international law, have deliberately and repeatedly attacked United Stated naval vessels lawfully present in international waters, and have thereby created a serious threat to international peace; and

Whereas these attackers are part of deliberate and systematic campaign of aggression that the Communist regime in North Vietnam has been waging against its neighbors and the nations joined with them in the collective defense of their freedom; and

Whereas the United States is assisting the peoples of southeast Asia to protest their freedom and has no territorial, military or political ambitions in that area, but desires only that these people should be left in peace to work out their destinies in their own way: Now, therefore be it

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Congress approves and supports the determination of the President, as Commander in Chief, to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression.

Section 2. The United States regards as vital to its national interest and to world peace the maintenance of international peace and security in southeast Asia. Consonant with the Constitution of the United States and the Charter of the United Nations and in accordance with its obligations under the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty, the United States is, therefore, prepared, as the President determines, to take all necessary steps, including the use of armed force, to assist any member or protocol state of the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty requesting assistance in defense of its freedom.

Section 3. This resolution shall expire when the President shall determine that the peace and security of the area is reasonably assured by international conditions created by action of the United Nations or otherwise, except that it may be terminated earlier by concurrent resolution of the Congress.
----
{{License|license = This work is in the [[public domain]] in the United States because it is a work of the United States Federal Government under the terms of Title 17, Chapter 1, Section 105 of the US Code.| source = [http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=98]}}

[[Category:United States History]]
[[Category:Lyndon B. Johnson]]
[[category:Vietnam war]]

Commonwealth of Nations

2007-11-25T02:25:21Z

HCP:

[[Image:Commonwealth.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Emblem of the Commonwealth of Nations]]
The Commonwealth of Nations is a free association of 53 mostly former [[British]] colonies. The '''Commonwealth''', as it is commonly known, brings together countries on every continent and encompasses nearly 2 billion citizens. The Commonwealth does not have a constitution; instead it is governed by a set of core beliefs, espoused by declarations or statements made at meetings of the Commonwealth. These fundamental beliefs are encapsulated by the 1st major Commonwealth statement in 1971.[http://www.thecommonwealth.org/Internal/20723/32987/singapore_declaration_of_commonwealth_principles/]

'''1971 Declaration of Commonwealth Principles.'''
*International peace and security;
*[[Democracy]];
*Liberty of the individual and equal rights for all;
*The importance of eradicating poverty, ignorance and disease;
*It opposes all forms of racial discrimination.

The activities of the Commonwealth as a whole are coordinated by the Commonwealth Secretariat, the main intergovernmental authority of the Commonwealth and is tasked to facilitate communication between member states.

The Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) allows these nations to discuss common issues and to improve bi-lateral relations between member states. Synonymous with the Commonwealth is the [[Commonwealth Games]], an event held every 4 years and similar in nature to the [[Olympics]].

==History==
The Commonwealth was formerly known as the British Commonwealth and before that the [[British Empire]]. The evolution of its title has been indicative of the status of its members and the function of the organization. From a colonial empire to a modern collective of free states, the Commonwealth has mirrored the major political changes of the 20th Century.

==Membership==
The current membership of the Commonwealth includes:
Antigua & Barbuda,
[[Australia]],
The Bahamas,
Bangladesh,
Barbados,
Belize,
Botswana,
Brunei Darussalam,
Cameroon,
[[Canada]],
Cyprus,
Dominica,
Fiji Islands*,
The Gambia,
Ghana,
Grenada,
Guyana,
India,
Jamaica,
Kenya,
Kiribati,
Lesotho,
Malawi,
Malaysia,
Maldives,
Malta,
Mauritius,
Mozambique,
Namibia,
Nauru,
[[New Zealand]],
Nigeria,
Pakistan,
Papua New Guinea,
St Kitts and Nevis,
St Lucia,
St Vincent and the Grenadines,
Samoa,
Seychelles,
Sierra Leone,
Singapore,
Solomon Islands,
[[South Africa]],
Sri Lanka,
Swaziland,
Tanzania,
Tonga,
Trinidad & Tobago,
Tuvalu,
Uganda,
[[United Kingdom]],
Vanuatu,
Zambia,

* Fiji’s military regime was suspended from the Councils of the Commonwealth on 8th Dec 2006

==External links==
*[http://www.thecommonwealth.org Commonwealth Secretariat]
*[http://www.commonwealth-of-nations.org/article.php Commonwealth of Nations]

[[Category:Politics]]

Mark Krikorian

2007-11-25T02:22:18Z

HCP:

'''Mark Krikorian''' is the executive director of the [[Center for Immigration Studies]], an immigration policy [[think tank]] based in [[Washington, D.C.]]. He is also is a visiting fellow at the [[Nixon Center]] and a contributor to [[National Review]].
{{DEFAULTSORT:Krikorian, Mark}}

[[Category:Political People]]
[[Category:Immigration]]

Freemasonry

2007-11-25T02:19:45Z

HCP:

[[Image:Mason.jpg|right]]
'''Freemasonry''' is a [[fraternity|fraternal]] organization, that is, an organisation for men, with a worldwide membership of around 3 million. Local branches are called 'lodges', and the members meet together and perform rituals teaching moral truths, similar to short plays, based on [[Bible|Biblical]] imagery mostly concerned with the building of [[Solomon]]'s temple in [[Jerusalem]].

Perhaps the best-known Freemasons are the [[Shriners]], who raise funds for children's hospitals and other charities.

Membership dues can vary widely between jurisdictions and individual lodges. Meals are often eaten before or after meetings. Lodges also frequently raise money for [[charity]].

== Beliefs ==
The central tenets of Freemasonry are:
*Brotherly Love - the regard men have for each other;
*Relief - relieving the necessities and destitution a man sees around him (charity);
*Truth - being true to himself, his brother Masons, and others around him.

The most recognisable symbol of Freemasonry is the "Square and Compasses", which are used to teach respectively "square conduct towards others" and "keeping passions and prejudices within due bounds".

For most jurisdictions of Freemasonry there is a rule that the members must believe in a [[god]] or supreme being, who is sometime poetically called 'The Great [[Architect]] of the [[Universe]]'.

Contrary to popular belief, Freemasons are not taught to 'prefer' other Masons or to do them special favours.

== Degrees ==
Standard Freemasonry, like many other fraternal societies, is divided into three degrees:
*the first is called Entered Apprentice,
*the second is Fellow Craft, and
*the third is Master Mason.

Progressing through the degrees traditionally involves memorization. After the third degree a Freemason may go on to other Masonic bodies such as the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, and the York Rite.

== History ==
There is little known for certain about the early beginnings of Freemasonry. Masonic legends claim various theories about its origins, including some considered far fetched and improbable. Certainly, lodges of 'operative' Freemasons (men who worked stone and built with it) were formed around the major religious and civil work places during the [[Middle Ages]] in [[Europe]] and the British Isles. These lodges were early societies or [[guild]]s for the craftsmen, and places where an apprentice could be taught. The lodges also instilled moral teaching. When a man moved to another site he took special symbols, signs, and handshakes that were recognisable to the senior masons and formed a means of recognition of his standing in the wider society of masons. Over time, non-masons learned of the moral teaching and social atmosphere of the lodge and were admitted as non-operative or 'speculative' masons. (However, some claim that it was founded by [[Pythagoras]] or [[Euclid]], both ancient [[Greece|Greek]] geometers, which is supposed to explain Masonry's obsession with geometric symbolism.)

In 1717 four lodges met together at a public house (pub, or hotel) in [[London]] and formed the Grand Lodge of [[England]], and this later chartered grand lodges in other countries.

== Famous Freemasons ==
[[Image:Washington..jpg|right|180px]]
*HRH The [[Duke]] of [[Kent]] (b. 1935) Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of England since 1967 (cousin of both [[Queen]] [[Elizabeth II]] and the [[Duke of Edinburgh]])
*Lord [[Randolph Churchill]] (1849 - 1895)
*Sir [[Winston Churchill]] (1874 - 1965)
*[[Cecil Rhodes]] (1852 - 1903)
*Sir [[Joseph Banks]] (1744 - 1820)
*Dr [[Edward Jenner]] (1749 - 1823)
*Sir [[Alexander Fleming]] (1881 - 1955)
*[[Geoffrey Fisher]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] (1887 - 1972)
*[[Robert Burns]] (1759 - 1796)
*Sir [[Walter Scott]] (1771 - 1832)
*[[Anthony Trollope]] (1815 - 1882)
*Sir [[William S. Gilbert]] (1836 - 1911)
*Sir [[Arthur Sullivan]] (1842 - 1900)
*Sir [[Arthur Conan Doyle]] (1859 - 1930)
*[[Rudyard Kipling]] (1865 - 1936)
*Field Marshal 1st [[Duke of Wellington]] (1769 - 1852)
*[[George Washington]]
*Major [[General]] [[Michael Jeffrey]], [[Governor General of Australia]]

== Women and Freemasonry ==
Women are accepted into the social events surrounding Freemasonry.

An organisation for women associated with Freemasonry is the [[Order of the Eastern Star]], and Freemasons may attend their meetings.

=== Irregular Freemasonry including women ===
There are some branches that also accept women (Co-masonry) and a few exclusively for women. These are not considered 'regular' by Freemasons, and men can be expelled from their lodge if they are known to have attended meetings of these organisations.

== External links ==
*[http://www.ugle.org.uk Grand Lodge of England]
*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09771a.htm Masonry] Catholic Encyclopedia.
*[http://www.masonicforum.ro/en/nr19/jackson.html World Conference of Grand Masters]
*[http://www.infidels.org/library/historical/thomas_paine/origin_free-masonry.html Origin of Free Masonry] Historical Documents: Thomas Paine

[[category:history]]

Freemasonry

2007-11-25T02:19:32Z

HCP:

[[Image:Mason.jpg|right]]
'''Freemasonry''' is a [[fraternity|fraternal]] organization, that is, an organisation for men, with a worldwide membership of around 3 million. Local branches are called 'lodges', and the members meet together and perform rituals teaching moral truths, similar to short plays, based on [[Bible|Biblical]] imagery mostly concerned with the building of [[Solomon]]'s temple in [[Jerusalem]].

Perhaps the best-known Freemasons are the Shriners, who raise funds for children's hospitals and other charities.

Membership dues can vary widely between jurisdictions and individual lodges. Meals are often eaten before or after meetings. Lodges also frequently raise money for [[charity]].

== Beliefs ==
The central tenets of Freemasonry are:
*Brotherly Love - the regard men have for each other;
*Relief - relieving the necessities and destitution a man sees around him (charity);
*Truth - being true to himself, his brother Masons, and others around him.

The most recognisable symbol of Freemasonry is the "Square and Compasses", which are used to teach respectively "square conduct towards others" and "keeping passions and prejudices within due bounds".

For most jurisdictions of Freemasonry there is a rule that the members must believe in a [[god]] or supreme being, who is sometime poetically called 'The Great [[Architect]] of the [[Universe]]'.

Contrary to popular belief, Freemasons are not taught to 'prefer' other Masons or to do them special favours.

== Degrees ==
Standard Freemasonry, like many other fraternal societies, is divided into three degrees:
*the first is called Entered Apprentice,
*the second is Fellow Craft, and
*the third is Master Mason.

Progressing through the degrees traditionally involves memorization. After the third degree a Freemason may go on to other Masonic bodies such as the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, and the York Rite.

== History ==
There is little known for certain about the early beginnings of Freemasonry. Masonic legends claim various theories about its origins, including some considered far fetched and improbable. Certainly, lodges of 'operative' Freemasons (men who worked stone and built with it) were formed around the major religious and civil work places during the [[Middle Ages]] in [[Europe]] and the British Isles. These lodges were early societies or [[guild]]s for the craftsmen, and places where an apprentice could be taught. The lodges also instilled moral teaching. When a man moved to another site he took special symbols, signs, and handshakes that were recognisable to the senior masons and formed a means of recognition of his standing in the wider society of masons. Over time, non-masons learned of the moral teaching and social atmosphere of the lodge and were admitted as non-operative or 'speculative' masons. (However, some claim that it was founded by [[Pythagoras]] or [[Euclid]], both ancient [[Greece|Greek]] geometers, which is supposed to explain Masonry's obsession with geometric symbolism.)

In 1717 four lodges met together at a public house (pub, or hotel) in [[London]] and formed the Grand Lodge of [[England]], and this later chartered grand lodges in other countries.

== Famous Freemasons ==
[[Image:Washington..jpg|right|180px]]
*HRH The [[Duke]] of [[Kent]] (b. 1935) Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of England since 1967 (cousin of both [[Queen]] [[Elizabeth II]] and the [[Duke of Edinburgh]])
*Lord [[Randolph Churchill]] (1849 - 1895)
*Sir [[Winston Churchill]] (1874 - 1965)
*[[Cecil Rhodes]] (1852 - 1903)
*Sir [[Joseph Banks]] (1744 - 1820)
*Dr [[Edward Jenner]] (1749 - 1823)
*Sir [[Alexander Fleming]] (1881 - 1955)
*[[Geoffrey Fisher]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] (1887 - 1972)
*[[Robert Burns]] (1759 - 1796)
*Sir [[Walter Scott]] (1771 - 1832)
*[[Anthony Trollope]] (1815 - 1882)
*Sir [[William S. Gilbert]] (1836 - 1911)
*Sir [[Arthur Sullivan]] (1842 - 1900)
*Sir [[Arthur Conan Doyle]] (1859 - 1930)
*[[Rudyard Kipling]] (1865 - 1936)
*Field Marshal 1st [[Duke of Wellington]] (1769 - 1852)
*[[George Washington]]
*Major [[General]] [[Michael Jeffrey]], [[Governor General of Australia]]

== Women and Freemasonry ==
Women are accepted into the social events surrounding Freemasonry.

An organisation for women associated with Freemasonry is the [[Order of the Eastern Star]], and Freemasons may attend their meetings.

=== Irregular Freemasonry including women ===
There are some branches that also accept women (Co-masonry) and a few exclusively for women. These are not considered 'regular' by Freemasons, and men can be expelled from their lodge if they are known to have attended meetings of these organisations.

== External links ==
*[http://www.ugle.org.uk Grand Lodge of England]
*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09771a.htm Masonry] Catholic Encyclopedia.
*[http://www.masonicforum.ro/en/nr19/jackson.html World Conference of Grand Masters]
*[http://www.infidels.org/library/historical/thomas_paine/origin_free-masonry.html Origin of Free Masonry] Historical Documents: Thomas Paine

[[category:history]]