Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Gospel of Luke

2012-04-25T03:54:46Z

HaRP:

The '''Gospel of Luke''' is the 3rd book in the [[New Testament]] coming after the Gospels of [[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]] and [[Gospel of Mark|Mark]] and before the [[Gospel of John]]. It tells the story of the life of Jesus, being written to [[Theophilus]]. Luke does not claim to be an eyewitness, but instead one who has "carefully investigated everything from the beginning" (Luke 1:3) and now wants to "write an orderly account" so that Theophilus would "know the certainty of the things" he had been taught. (Luke 1:3-4)

The Gospel of Luke was written in flawless [[Greek]] and has been called "the most beautiful book ever written."<ref>See, e.g., [[NRSV]] Study Bible at 1502.</ref> Only this Gospel tells the parables of the [[Good Samaritan]] and the [[Prodigal Son]], and Luke recounts them with exquisi<div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">

$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>
'''Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab''' is a [[Muslim]] terrorist from [[Nigeria]], acting on orders from [[Al Qaeda]] to blow up a commercial American airliner on Christmas Day 2009. Abdulmutallab flew on Northwest Flight 253 bound for Detroit, <ref>[http://newsmax.com/Newsfront/US-New-Terror-Threat/2009/12/26/id/344659 Failed Xmas Attack Raises New Security Concerns, NewsMax, December 26, 2009]</ref> tried and failed to detonate a explosive device before being taken into custody. He was an engineering student at the UK's London's University College. <ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,581180,00.html Suspect Charged in Thwarted Terror Plot Aboard Detroit-Bound Jet, Fox News, December 26, 2009]</ref>

He used [[PETN]], a powerful plastic explosive. A few ounces can blast open an airplane, so it is the preferred weapon of terrorists. Abdulmutallab tried to ignite a two-part concoction of PETN and possibly a glycol-based liquid explosive in a bomb concealed in his underwear. It produced a popping noise, smoke, and some fire, but no deadly detonation, because he used the wrong technique. Al-Qaeda’s branch in Yemen quickly took the credit
==Security==
The episode was a catastrophic breach of security. He boarded in Nigeria, where security is notoriously lax, and changed planes in Amsterdam, where security officials are not allowed to use its full-body scanners because of privacy concerns. He paid for an expensive international flight in cash, and had no luggage--well known danger signals. Worse, his father, a leading banker in Nigeria, had met with U.S. State Department and CIA officials a month before the bombing attempt to warn them his son had become radicalized, but they took no action and allowed the terrorist to keep his permanent visa permitting unrestricted entry into the U.S.

==[[Mainstream media| Lamestream Media]]==
As usual, protecting the image of [[Islamic extremist]]s is a job for the liberal media. They are united in distorting, minimizing, watering-down the event by omitting the word "Terrorist" <ref>[http://newsbusters.org/blogs/noel-sheppard/2009/12/25/ali-velshi-stops-rep-king-naming-northwest-airlines-terrorist Ali Velshi Stops Rep. King From Naming Northwest Airlines Terrorist, NewsBusters.org, December 26, 2009]</ref> or "Muslim" from their reporting. <ref>[http://newsbusters.org/blogs/tom-blumer/2009/12/26/flight-253-ap-scrubs-m-word-potential-relevance-nigerian-taliban-suspect Flight 253: AP Scrubs 'M-Word,' Potential Relevance of 'Nigerian Taliban,' Suspect's Reference to Afghanistan, NewsBusters.org, December 26, 2009]</ref> <ref>[http://newsbusters.org/blogs/mark-finkelstein/2009/12/26/guess-missing-word-ny-times-report-attempted-plane-bombing Guess The Missing Word In NY Times Report On Attempted Plane Bombing, NewsBusters.org, December 26, 2009]</ref>

==References==
<references/>
[[Category:Terrorism]]
[[Category:Crimes]]
<div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">

$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>
'''Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab''' is a [[Muslim]] terrorist from [[Nigeria]], acting on orders from [[Al Qaeda]] to blow up a commercial American airliner on Christmas Day 2009. Abdulmutallab flew on Northwest Flight 253 bound for Detroit, <ref>[http://newsmax.com/Newsfront/US-New-Terror-Threat/2009/12/26/id/344659 Failed Xmas Attack Raises New Security Concerns, NewsMax, December 26, 2009]</ref> tried and failed to detonate a explosive device before being taken into custody. He was an engineering student at the UK's London's University College. <ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,581180,00.html Suspect Charged in Thwarted Terror Plot Aboard Detroit-Bound Jet, Fox News, December 26, 2009]</ref>

He used [[PETN]], a powerful plastic explosive. A few ounces can blast open an airplane, so it is the preferred weapon of terrorists. Abdulmutallab tried to ignite a two-part concoction of PETN and possibly a glycol-based liquid explosive in a bomb concealed in his underwear. It produced a popping noise, smoke, and some fire, but no deadly detonation, because he used the wrong technique. Al-Qaeda’s branch in Yemen quickly took the credit
==Security==
The episode was a catastrophic breach of security. He boarded in Nigeria, where security is notoriously lax, and changed planes in Amsterdam, where security officials are not allowed to use its full-body scanners because of privacy concerns. He paid for an expensive international flight in cash, and had no luggage--well known danger signals. Worse, his father, a leading banker in Nigeria, had met with U.S. State Department and CIA officials a month before the bombing attempt to warn them his son had become radicalized, but they took no action and allowed the terrorist to keep his permanent visa permitting unrestricted entry into the U.S.

==[[Mainstream media| Lamestream Media]]==
As usual, protecting the image of [[Islamic extremist]]s is a job for the liberal media. They are united in distorting, minimizing, watering-down the event by omitting the word "Terrorist" <ref>[http://newsbusters.org/blogs/noel-sheppard/2009/12/25/ali-velshi-stops-rep-king-naming-northwest-airlines-terrorist Ali Velshi Stops Rep. King From Naming Northwest Airlines Terrorist, NewsBusters.org, December 26, 2009]</ref> or "Muslim" from their reporting. <ref>[http://newsbusters.org/blogs/tom-blumer/2009/12/26/flight-253-ap-scrubs-m-word-potential-relevance-nigerian-taliban-suspect Flight 253: AP Scrubs 'M-Word,' Potential Relevance of 'Nigerian Taliban,' Suspect's Reference to Afghanistan, NewsBusters.org, December 26, 2009]</ref> <ref>[http://newsbusters.org/blogs/mark-finkelstein/2009/12/26/guess-missing-word-ny-times-report-attempted-plane-bombing Guess The Missing Word In NY Times Report On Attempted Plane Bombing, NewsBusters.org, December 26, 2009]</ref>

==References==
<references/>
[[Category:Terrorism]]
[[Category:Crimes]]
<div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">

$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>
'''Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab''' is a [[Muslim]] terrorist from [[Nigeria]], acting on orders from [[Al Qaeda]] to blow up a commercial American airliner on Christmas Day 2009. Abdulmutallab flew on Northwest Flight 253 bound for Detroit, <ref>[http://newsmax.com/Newsfront/US-New-Terror-Threat/2009/12/26/id/344659 Failed Xmas Attack Raises New Security Concerns, NewsMax, December 26, 2009]</ref> tried and failed to detonate a explosive device before being taken into custody. He was an engineering student at the UK's London's University College. <ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,581180,00.html Suspect Charged in Thwarted Terror Plot Aboard Detroit-Bound Jet, Fox News, December 26, 2009]</ref>

He used [[PETN]], a powerful plastic explosive. A few ounces can blast open an airplane, so it is the preferred weapon of terrorists. Abdulmutallab tried to ignite a two-part concoction of PETN and possibly a glycol-based liquid explosive in a bomb concealed in his underwear. It produced a popping noise, smoke, and some fire, but no deadly detonation, because he used the wrong technique. Al-Qaeda’s branch in Yemen quickly took the credit
==Security==
The episode was a catastrophic breach of security. He boarded in Nigeria, where security is notoriously lax, and changed planes in Amsterdam, where security officials are not allowed to use its full-body scanners because of privacy concerns. He paid for an expensive international flight in cash, and had no luggage--well known danger signals. Worse, his father, a leading banker in Nigeria, had met with U.S. State Department and CIA officials a month before the bombing attempt to warn them his son had become radicalized, but they took no action and allowed the terrorist to keep his permanent visa permitting unrestricted entry into the U.S.

==[[Mainstream media| Lamestream Media]]==
As usual, protecting the image of [[Islamic extremist]]s is a job for the liberal media. They are united in distorting, minimizing, watering-down the event by omitting the word "Terrorist" <ref>[http://newsbusters.org/blogs/noel-sheppard/2009/12/25/ali-velshi-stops-rep-king-naming-northwest-airlines-terrorist Ali Velshi Stops Rep. King From Naming Northwest Airlines Terrorist, NewsBusters.org, December 26, 2009]</ref> or "Muslim" from their reporting. <ref>[http://newsbusters.org/blogs/tom-blumer/2009/12/26/flight-253-ap-scrubs-m-word-potential-relevance-nigerian-taliban-suspect Flight 253: AP Scrubs 'M-Word,' Potential Relevance of 'Nigerian Taliban,' Suspect's Reference to Afghanistan, NewsBusters.org, December 26, 2009]</ref> <ref>[http://newsbusters.org/blogs/mark-finkelstein/2009/12/26/guess-missing-word-ny-times-report-attempted-plane-bombing Guess The Missing Word In NY Times Report On Attempted Plane Bombing, NewsBusters.org, December 26, 2009]</ref>

==References==
<references/>
[[Category:Terrorism]]
[[Category:Crimes]]
<div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">

$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
</div>
'''Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab''' is a [[Muslim]] terrorist from [[Nigeria]], acting on orders from [[Al Qaeda]] to blow up a commercial American airliner on Christmas Day 2009. Abdulmutallab flew on Northwest Flight 253 bound for Detroit, <ref>[http://newsmax.com/Newsfront/US-New-Terror-Threat/2009/12/26/id/344659 Failed Xmas Attack Raises New Security Concerns, NewsMax, December 26, 2009]</ref> tried and failed to detonate a explosive device before being taken into custody. He was an engineering student at the UK's London's University College. <ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,581180,00.html Suspect Charged in Thwarted Terror Plot Aboard Detroit-Bound Jet, Fox News, December 26, 2009]</ref>

He used [[PETN]], a powerful plastic explosive. A few ounces can blast open an airplane, so it is the preferred weapon of terrorists. Abdulmutallab tried to ignite a two-part concoction of PETN and possibly a glycol-based liquid explosive in a bomb concealed in his underwear. It produced a popping noise, smoke, and some fire, but no deadly detonation, because he used the wrong technique. Al-Qaeda’s branch in Yemen quickly took the credit
==Security==
The episode was a catastrophic breach of security. He boarded in Nigeria, where security is notoriously lax, and changed planes in Amsterdam, where security officials are not allowed to use its full-body scanners because of privacy concerns. He paid for an expensive international flight in cash, and had no luggage--well known danger signals. Worse, his father, a leading banker in Nigeria, had met with U.S. State Department and CIA officials a month before the bombing attempt to warn them his son had become radicalized, but they took no action and allowed the terrorist to keep his permanent visa permitting unrestricted entry into the U.S.

==[[Mainstream media| Lamestream Media]]==
As usual, protecting the image of [[Islamic extremist]]s is a job for the liberal media. They are united in distorting, minimizing, watering-down the event by omitting the word "Terrorist" <ref>[http://newsbusters.org/blogs/noel-sheppard/2009/12/25/ali-velshi-stops-rep-king-naming-northwest-airlines-terrorist Ali Velshi Stops Rep. King From Naming Northwest Airlines Terrorist, NewsBusters.org, December 26, 2009]</ref> or "Muslim" from their reporting. <ref>[http://newsbusters.org/blogs/tom-blumer/2009/12/26/flight-253-ap-scrubs-m-word-potential-relevance-nigerian-taliban-suspect Flight 253: AP Scrubs 'M-Word,' Potential Relevance of 'Nigerian Taliban,' Suspect's Reference to Afghanistan, NewsBusters.org, December 26, 2009]</ref> <ref>[http://newsbusters.org/blogs/mark-finkelstein/2009/12/26/guess-missing-word-ny-times-report-attempted-plane-bombing Guess The Missing Word In NY Times Report On Attempted Plane Bombing, NewsBusters.org, December 26, 2009]</ref>

==References==
<references/>
[[Category:Terrorism]]
[[Category:Crimes]]
te, emotional detail. Only the Gospel of Luke recounts with literary skill the meeting of the risen [[Lord]] with the two men walking on their way to Emmaus, whose "eyes were kept from recognizing him."<ref>Luke 24:13-35.</ref>

Luke is considered one of the [[Synoptic Gospels]] and Luke is generally considered to have borrowed from Mark as one of his sources as did Matthew. It is unknown if Matthew or Luke borrowed from each other or which came first.

==Authorship==
[[Image:Gospel of Luke in Arab.gif|thumb|This tenth-century Egyptian codex was donated to Pope Eugenius IV by the Coptic delegates at the Council of Ferrara-Florence. Translated from a Coptic original, it is one of the earliest Arabic versions of any part of the New Testament, none of which can be dated before the late eighth or ninth centuries.]]
'''The Gospel of Luke''' does not name its author, but as a companion volume to the [[book of Acts]], it can be inferred by the use of "we" when describing part of Paul's journeys that the author traveled with Paul and [[Luke]], the doctor, becomes the most likely candidate. The extremely sophisticated Greek of Luke also argues for a man who was very educated as does his attention to detail and the medical language in use matches that of other ancient Greek doctors. The ancient church father [[Irenaeus]] ascribed the work to Luke as does the [[Muratorian Canon]]. It is also mentioned by [[Clemente of Alexandria]].

==Place of Writing==
Based on the descriptions of places in Palestine, it is generally assumed that the reader was unfamiliar with that land. It's not known where Luke was written, but it is assumed it is outside of [[Palestine]] and to an audience that is non-Jewish.

==Date==
Luke is generally believed to have been written in the 70's or 80's, but it is also possible it was written in the late 50's or early 60's based upon the abrupt ending in Acts. The thinking goes why wouldn't Luke have continued the history in Acts if he had written it later? And why wouldn't he have mentioned the [[martyr|martyrdom]] of [[Paul]]?

== See also ==
*[[Luke and the Census]]
*[[Gospel of Luke (Translated)]]

{{New Testament Books}}

== References ==

<references/>
[[Category:New Testament Books| nt3]]
[[Category:Gospels| nt3]]

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HaRP:

<div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
</div>
{|
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
| def
| bcolor="red" | <font color="white">

$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";

$db = Zend_Db::factory(
'Pdo_Mysql',
array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
);
$db->getConnection();
$db->query($sql);
Database schema to reproduce:
=================================

CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
</font>
|}
'''Hindkowans''' ([[Hindko language|Hindko]]: هِندکوان <small>([[Shahmukhi]])</small>, हिन्दकोवान <small>([[Devanagari]])</small>, ਹਿੰਦਕੋਵਾਨ <small>([[Gurmukhi]])</small>) are an [[Indo-Aryan people|Indo-Aryan]] ethno-linguistic group native to [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa]] province of provinces of [[Pakistan]] and the [[Punjab region]] of Pakistan and [[India]]. However, an indeterminate number have left the region and now live in other parts of [[South Asia]],<ref name="Daily Times-Hindu Hindkowans at Partition of India">{{cite web|url = http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_29-12-2003_pg7_25| title = Peshawarites still remember the Kapoor family|publisher = Daily Times |accessdate = 2007-09-14}}</ref> such as the Indian state of [[Jammu & Kashmir]].<ref name="Joshua Project-Hindko">{{cite web|url = http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=104709&rog3=IN| title = Hindko, Northern speakers in India|publisher = The Joshua Project|accessdate = 2007-09-09}}</ref>

Hindkowans speak [[Hindko]], a [[Western_Punjabi#The_.22Lahnda.22_construct|Lahnda]] language that is primary in northern [[Punjab region|Punjab]].<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica-Lahnda">{{cite web|url = http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/KRO_LAP/LAHNDA_properly_Lahnda_or_Lahin.html| title = LAHNDA |publisher = Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate = 2008-08-17}}</ref> In Afghanistan, a group of [[Hindu]]s still continue to speak Hindko and are referred to as [[Hindki]].<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">{{cite web|url = http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/PAS_PER/HINDKI.html| title = Hindki|publisher = Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|accessdate = 2007-09-14}}</ref><ref name="Ethnologue-Hindko">{{cite web|url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=hno| title = Ethnologue Report for Hindko|publisher = Ethnologue|accessdate = 2007-09-14}}</ref>

== Religion ==
Hindkowans, like other [[Indo-Aryan peoples]] originally practiced [[Hinduism]]; for this reason, the term "Hindko" itself is defined as the "language of the Hindus."<ref name="Bhasha-e-Hanud">{{cite web|url =http://books.google.com/books?id=OvYtAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA80&dq=hindko+hindu&cd=6#v=onepage&q=hindko%20hindu&f=false|quote= Lahnda is also spoken in the north of the state of Bahawalpur and of the province of Sind, in which latter locality it is known as Siraiki. Its western boundary is, roughly speaking, the river Indus, across which the language of the Afghan population is Pashto (Pushtu), while the Hindu settlers still speak Landha. In the Derajat, however, Lahnda, is the principal language of all classes in the plains west of the river. Lahnda is also known as Western Panjabi and as Jatki, or the language of the Jats, who form the bulk of the population whose mother tongue it is. In the Derajat it is called Hindko or the language of the Hindus.| title = The Encyclopædia britannica: a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information, Volume 16|publisher = The Encyclopædia Britannica Company|accessdate = 2008-08-17}}</ref> As such, there are a number of [[Hindu]] Hindkowans.<ref name="Ujjal Singh Bahri">{{cite web|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=_yliAAAAMAAJ&q=hindko+hindus&dq=hindko+hindus&cd=6|quote= Essentially, what has occurred is an occupation by Pashto-speaking Pathans of key areas in the urban economy of the province which before 1947 were traditionally exercised by Hindko- speaking Hindus and Sikhs.| title = Papers in language and linguistics, Volume 1|publisher = Bahri Publications|accessdate = 2008-08-17}}</ref><ref name="Language forum, Volume 9">{{cite web|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=ezw4AAAAIAAJ&q=hindko+hindus&dq=hindko+hindus&cd=4|quote= Essentially, what has occurred is an occupation by Pashto-speaking Pathans of key areas in the urban economy of the province which before 1947 were traditionally exercised by Hindko- speaking Hindus and Sikhs.|title = Language forum, Volume 9|publisher = Bahri Publications|accessdate = 2008-08-17}}</ref><ref name="M. Geijbels, Jonathan S. Addleton">{{cite web|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=MskbAAAAIAAJ&q=hindko+hindus&dq=hindko+hindus&cd=9|quote= to Hindko is the most significant linguistic minority in the NWFP, ... to an influx of Pashtuns replacing the Hindko-speaking Sikhs and Hindus who ...| title = The rise and development of Urdu and the importance of regional languages in Pakistan|publisher = Christian Study Centre|accessdate = 2008-08-17}}</ref><ref name="O. Harrassowitz">{{cite web|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=naMUAQAAIAAJ&q=sikh+hindko&dq=sikh+hindko&cd=4|quote= The real opposition to Pashto came, however, from the speakers of Hindko. A large number of Sikhs and Hindus, all speaking Hindko, lived in the cities of N.W.F.P. and had a voice in the legislative assembly, this was often perceived as the non-Muslim opposition to Pashto.|title=Journal of Asian history, Volumes 35-36|publisher = O. Harrassowitz|accessdate = 2008-08-17}}</ref><ref name="Tariq Rahman">{{cite web|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=kjZiAAAAMAAJ&q=sikh+hindko&dq=sikh+hindko&cd=10|quote= The real opposition to Pashto came, however, from the speakers of Hindko. A large number of Sikhs and Hindus, all speaking Hindko, lived in the cities of N.W.F.P. and had a voice in the legislative assembly, this was often perceived as the non-Muslim opposition to Pashto.|title=Language, ideology and power: language learning among the Muslims of Pakistan and North India|publisher = Oxford University Press|accessdate = 2008-08-17}}</ref> Some of these Hindu Hindkowans are traders and over time, have settled in areas as far as [[Kalat, Pakistan|Kalat]], [[Balochistan]].<ref name="Robert Niel Pehrson, Fredrik Barth">{{cite web|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=K3pCAAAAYAAJ&q=kalat+hindko+hindu&dq=kalat+hindko+hindu&cd=1|quote= ...is in the hands of a small caste of Hindu merchants. These Hindus are Hindko-speaking and regard Kalat as their homeland, where they generally keep their families and go for some months every year to visit and to obtain supplies. While in the Marri area, they must be under the protection of a local Marri chief or the sardar himself.| title = The social organization of the Marri Baluch|publisher = Indus Publications |accessdate = 2008-08-17}}</ref><ref name="Robert Niel Pehrson, Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, Fredrik Barth">{{cite web|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=yuyZAAAAIAAJ&q=kalat+hindu+merchants+marri&dq=kalat+hindu+merchants+marri&cd=6|quote= ...is in the hands of a small caste of Hindu merchants. These Hindus are Hindko-speaking and regard Kalat as their homeland, where they generally keep their families and go for some months every year to visit and to obtain supplies. While in the Marri area, they must be under the protection of a local Marri chief or the sardar himself.| title = Viking fund publications in anthropology, Issue 43|publisher = Viking Fund|accessdate = 2008-08-17}}</ref> Other Hindu Hindkowans migrated to [[India]] from their native region of [[Sarhad]] after the [[partition of India]] in 1947.<ref name="Daily Times-Hindu Hindkowans at Partition of India">{{cite web|url = http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_29-12-2003_pg7_25| title = Peshawarites still remember the Kapoor family|publisher = Daily Times |accessdate = 2007-09-14}}</ref> During the [[Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent]], which took place from the 12th century A.D. onwards, many of the Hindkowans converted to [[Islam]]. Today, most of the Hindkowan population is [[Sunni]] [[Muslim]].<ref name="Ethnologue">{{cite web|url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=hnd|title = Hindko, Southern|publisher = [[SIL International]]|accessdate = 2008-08-17}}</ref> Later, with the [[Sikhism#Growth_of_the_Sikh_community|spread of Sikhism]] and the rise of the [[Sikh Empire]] beginning in the eighteenth century A.D., some Hindkowans, both Hindu & Muslim, became [[Sikhs]].<ref name="Ujjal Singh Bahri">{{cite web|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=_yliAAAAMAAJ&q=hindko+hindus&dq=hindko+hindus&cd=6|quote= Essentially, what has occurred is an occupation by Pashto-speaking Pathans of key areas in the urban economy of the province which before 1947 were traditionally exercised by Hindko- speaking Hindus and Sikhs.| title = Papers in language and linguistics, Volume 1|publisher = Bahri Publications|accessdate = 2008-08-17}}</ref><ref name="Language forum, Volume 9">{{cite web|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=ezw4AAAAIAAJ&q=hindko+hindus&dq=hindko+hindus&cd=4|quote= Essentially, what has occurred is an occupation by Pashto-speaking Pathans of key areas in the urban economy of the province which before 1947 were traditionally exercised by Hindko- speaking Hindus and Sikhs.|title = Language forum, Volume 9|publisher = Bahri Publications|accessdate = 2008-08-17}}</ref><ref name="M. Geijbels, Jonathan S. Addleton">{{cite web|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=MskbAAAAIAAJ&q=hindko+hindus&dq=hindko+hindus&cd=9|quote= to Hindko is the most significant linguistic minority in the NWFP, ... to an influx of Pashtuns replacing the Hindko-speaking Sikhs and Hindus who ...| title = The rise and development of Urdu and the importance of regional languages in Pakistan|publisher = Christian Study Centre|accessdate = 2008-08-17}}</ref><ref name="O. Harrassowitz">{{cite web|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=naMUAQAAIAAJ&q=sikh+hindko&dq=sikh+hindko&cd=4|quote= The real opposition to Pashto came, however, from the speakers of Hindko. A large number of Sikhs and Hindus, all speaking Hindko, lived in the cities of N.W.F.P. and had a voice in the legislative assembly, this was often perceived as the non-Muslim opposition to Pashto.|title=Journal of Asian history, Volumes 35-36|publisher = O. Harrassowitz|accessdate = 2008-08-17}}</ref><ref name="Tariq Rahman">{{cite web|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=kjZiAAAAMAAJ&q=sikh+hindko&dq=sikh+hindko&cd=10|quote= The real opposition to Pashto came, however, from the speakers of Hindko. A large number of Sikhs and Hindus, all speaking Hindko, lived in the cities of N.W.F.P. and had a voice in the legislative assembly, this was often perceived as the non-Muslim opposition to Pashto.|title=Language, ideology and power: language learning among the Muslims of Pakistan and North India|publisher = Oxford University Press|accessdate = 2008-08-17}}</ref> Like the Hindus, many Sikh Hindkowans migrated to Hindustan after the partition of India in 1947.<ref name="Daily Times-Hindu Hindkowans at Partition of India">{{cite web|url = http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_29-12-2003_pg7_25| title = Peshawarites still remember the Kapoor family|publisher = Daily Times |accessdate = 2007-09-14}}</ref>

==Notable Hindkowans ==

* [[Pran Sikhand]], ''[[Padma Bhushan]]'', a multiple [[Filmfare Awards|filmfare awards]] and BFJA award winning Indian Bollywood actor<ref name="The Hindi-Sikhand">{{cite web|url = http://www.hindu.com/mag/2005/01/09/stories/2005010900450400.htm| title = Heroic villain: An informative and entertaining biography of a daredevil Pathan.|publisher = The Hindu|accessdate = 2007-02-23}}</ref>
* [[Dilip Kumar]], ''[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz]]'', an [[India]]n film actor in [[Bollywood]] and a member of the [[Rajya Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
*[[Punjabi people]]

[[Category:Pakistan]]
[[Category:India]]
</div>

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