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Jacques Lacan

2007-05-10T22:49:23Z

HumanBoeing:

Influential as perhaps no other analyst since Freud himself, Jacques Lacan was born in Paris in 1901, took up the study of medicine in 1920 and specialised in psychiatry from 1926. In 1932 he completed his doctoral thesis: “Paranoid Psychosis and its Relations to the Personality”. He began his analysis around this time with Rudolph Loewenstien and this continued until 1938. A friend of Andrè Breton, Salvador Dali and Picasso, Lacan was very active in the world of Parisian writers, artists and intellectuals of the time; he made contributions to several Surrealist publications and was present at the first public reading of James Joyce’s ‘Ulysses’. Instead of confining himself in his studies to the standard texts in psychiatry and psychoanalysis, Lacan read widely and with a particular interest in the philosophic work of Karl Jaspers and Martin Heidegger; alongside many other Parisian intellectuals of the time, he also attended the famous seminars on Hegel given by Alexandre Kojève.

Lacan presented his first paper on ‘The Mirror Phase’ at the 1936 Congress of the International Psychoanalytical Association in Marienbad. He was called up to serve in the French army after the German occupation of France and was posted to the Val-de-Grâce military hospital in Paris. After the end of the war Lacan visited England for a five week study trip, meeting English analysts Wilfred Bion and John Rickman. He was much influenced by Bion’s analytic work with groups and this contributed to Lacan’s own later emphasis on study groups (in France, Cartels) as a structure with which to advance theoretical work in psychoanalysis. Lacan’s conclusions from this time are collected in the 1947 paper ‘English Psychiatry and the War’.

In 1951 Lacan started to hold a weekly seminar in Paris urging what he described as ‘a return to Freud’ and, in particular, to Freud’s concentration upon the linguistic nature of psychological symptomatology. Massively influential in Parisian cultural life as well as in psychoanalytic theory and clinical practice, the seminars drew great crowds and continued for nearly thirty years.

In 1953, Lacan and many of his colleagues - disagreeing with the standardisation of practice methods they saw in the organisation - left the Société Parisienne de Psychanalyse (SPP) to form the new group Société Française de Psychanalyse (SFP). One of the consequences of this move was to deprive the group of membership within the International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA). In the following years a complex process of negotiation was to take place to determine the status of the new group. Lacan’s innovative practice and the critical stance he took towards the standardisation of psychoanalysis led, in 1963, to a condition being set by the IPA that registration of the SFP was dependant upon Lacan being removed from the list of training analysts with the organisation. Lacan refused such a condition and left to form his own school which became know as the École Freudienne de Paris (EFP). Leaving the St-Anne Hospital where he had delivered his seminar up to this point Lacan began to give it instead at the elite higher education establishment the École Normale Supérieur. To an audience of colleagues who had joined him from the SFP and attracting the brightest of the École Normale’s students Lacan was now free to give voice to the radical and original of nature of psychoanalytic insight in an undiluted form. This, Lacan’s groundbreaking 1964 seminar, was later published in English as ‘The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis’.

Lacan continued to deliver his public revitalisation of analytic theory and practice for the next twenty-seven years, and his regular seminars are now becoming available in English translation.

Lacanian work is an established feature of the psychoanalytic tradition in France, Belgium, Argentina, Spain and many other European and non-European countries. It has been estimated that about half the world’s analytic population (of approximately 20,000 practitioners) are trained in Lacanian frameworks, although in many countries they represent either more or less than this average.

Jacques Lacan

2007-05-10T22:48:39Z

HumanBoeing: Created page on influential non-liberal French doctor & psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan.

Talk:Psychoanalytic psychology

2007-04-30T19:38:51Z

HumanBoeing: Summary of Psychoanalytic psychology page

This article is a bit of a mish-mash to put it mildly. I think just deleting it and starting agin is probably the best thing to do.

Sigmund Freud

2007-04-28T20:49:26Z

HumanBoeing: One or two small edits regarding Freud's living in Vienna and removed a false assertion that he founded 'psychology'.

[[Image:freud-thumb.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Freud in his laboratory]]
'''Sigmund Freud''' (1856–1939) was the founder of [[psychoanalysis]].

In 1938 he left fled Vienna and persecution by the [[Nazi]]s to North [[London]],[[England]], where he lived until his death in 1939.

Freud is best known for his theories of the [[unconscious mind]], especially involving the mechanism of [[repression]]; his symbolic interpretation of dreams; his redefinition of sexual desire as mobile and directed towards a wide variety of objects; and his therapeutic technique, especially his understanding of [[transference]] in the therapeutic relationship and the symbolic interpretation of dreams as sources of insight into [[unconscious desire]]s.

Freud proposed that the human [[psyche]] consists of three parts -- [[Ego]], [[super-ego]], and [[id]] -- and that [[defense mechanism]]s are an attempt by the mind to resolve conflicts between the super-ego and the id.

Some of Freud's revolutionary ideas have been shown to be correct. One of Freud's major contributions was the recognition of an [[unconscious]] mind being able to guide and control thoughts and behavior.{{fact-science}} Also Freud was the first to popularize the idea that people can go through [[developmental stage]]s in both mind and body. However much controversy remains about Freud and his work, such as the claim that he lied about his own subjects to make it appear that his psychoanalysis had some benefit.<ref>"The verdict has been uniformly negative: Freud as a [[scientist]], metapsychologist, and diagnostician of society emerges as a [[quack]]. This view has not greatly perturbed true believers." [http://human-nature.com/freud/tallis.html]</ref>

Freud's theories are viewed as unscientific because they lack [[falsifiability]],{{fact-science}} as pointed out by [[Karl Popper]] and others at the time. Much of Freud's psychosexual theories and his tripartite model have failed any empirical investigation. Psychoanalysis as a [[clinical psychology | clinical]] method has in many cases been shown to be as effective as other talk therapies,{{fact-science}}
but this is not likely to reflect the accuracy or inaccuracy of the underlying theories, but rather the positive effect of talking about one's problems.

Sigmund Freud died of maxillary [[cancer]] at the age of 82.

== References ==
<references/>

[[Category:psychologists|Freud, Sigmund]]

Chiltern Hills

2007-04-28T19:38:06Z

HumanBoeing: Added note re author Ian McEwan and Chiltern hills.

The '''Chiltern Hills''' are a range of hills in southern [[England]], just to the north of [[London]], and stretching from [[Reading]] to just south of [[Cambridge]].

Historically the wild and forested abode of outlaws and robbers, the Chilterns today are comparitively civilised, and important towns within the area include [[Luton]], [[High Wycombe]], [[Aylesbury]] and [[Hemel Hempstead]].

Although the highest point of the hills, Haddington Hill, is less than 900 feet above sea level, the rugged and pathless nature of the area posed a substantial obstacle to armies advancing towards London from the North, and even as recently as [[World War II]], fortifications were built in the hills in preparation for the anticipated German invasion.

The Chilterns are a popular retirement spot for British Members of Parliament, who historically, being forbidden to resign, would apply instead to take up the [[sinecure]] position of Steward of the Chiltern [[Hundred]]s.

Ian McEwan - former Conservative MP for Hemel Hempstead - has set several of his popular novels in the Chiltern Hills.

[[Category:England]]
[[Category:Mountains]]

Zen Buddhism

2007-04-27T20:54:32Z

HumanBoeing: Sketched in the broad outlines of Zen Buddhism

{{Merge|Chan Buddhism}}
{{Merge|Zen}}

Buddhism began with Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder, about 500 BC in Northern India. It emphasises meditation to realise the illusory nature of self and the eternal abiding reality of the Cosmic Buddha or 'Dharmakaya'. Buddhism moved from India to China due to the efforts of the monk Bodhidaruma (or 'Bodhidharma') who made the treacherous sea crossing to China. The Indian word for meditation 'Dhyana' was taken to describe the heart of the practise in China and the name 'Dhyana' was there pronounced 'Chan'. When Chan Buddhism was taken from China to Japan the word 'Chan' was pronounced 'Zen' in Japanese. There are several schools of Zen Buddhism in Japan: Soto, Rinzai, Obaku etc. Another name for the meditation which is the heart of the practise is 'Shikan Taza' which means 'Serene Relection' - a "seeing deeply into the nature of things".

[[Category:Buddhism]]

Barra

2007-04-27T16:49:10Z

HumanBoeing:

[ http://www.isleofbarra.com Online news from Barra ]

Barra

2007-04-27T16:48:11Z

HumanBoeing: New page: [ http://www.isleofbarra.com/news/news.htm Online news from Barra ]

[ http://www.isleofbarra.com/news/news.htm Online news from Barra ]