Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Socialists

2007-06-03T20:58:12Z

Izquierda: Redirecting to Socialism

#REDIRECT [[Socialism]]

Republicans in Spain

2007-06-03T20:57:58Z

Izquierda:

The [[Spanish civil-war]] was fought between 1936 and 1939, and was caused by the rebellion of [[conservative]] army officers stationed in [[Morroco]] against the democratically-elected government of [[Liberals]], [[Socialists]], [[Communists]] and [[Basque]] and [[Catalan]] nationalists. The attempted coup was only partially successful and half of the country was left under the control of the elected government (The Republicans) and the other half under the control of the rebellious generals (The Nationalists). In the industrial areas of northern [[Spain]], along with [[Madrid]] and [[Valencia]], the Spanish population mobilized and defeated the profesional soldiers of the generals, forming Worker's Militia's to defend the Republic, usually based round [[Anarchist]], Socialist or Communist Unions. In Nationalist-controlled areas, [[Fascist]] and Carlist groups rallied to the cause of the Nationalists (led by future dictator [[Francisco Bahamonde Franco]]). The Fascist and Carlist volunteers, along with the Conservative and [[Catholic]]-led army, carried out massacres of leftists and anyone suspected of loyalty to the Republican constitution. In "[[Red Spain]]" the Republicans burned churches and tried and executed those who had been disloyal to the constitution. Many priests and landowners were suspected of actively supporting the uprising, often with good reason, adding to the anti-christian persecution.

This war attracted attention by writers and thinkers worldwide. The British writer George Orwell, who later penned classic anti-communist novels entitled ''Animal Farm'' and ''1984'' and wrote an account of his time in Spain called "Homage to Catalonia", volunteered to fight for the republican government and against Franco’s Nationalists. He volunteered for the libertarian socialist POUM millitia, unlike the majority of international vounteers who were members of the [[Comintern]] led [[International Brigades]]. The Internal divisions within the Republican camp led to violent confrontations between the Anarchists, Libertarian Socialists and the Communist and Socialist coalition that was attempting to undermine the revolutionary left wing nature of the Republic. In spite of these differences behind the lines, the factions never broke the common front agaainst Franco, Anarchist Millitias continued fighting the Nationalists even after their leaders had been arrested. Britain, France and the United States remained officially neutral, despite volunteer combatants from those countries actively engaging in belligerency. Germany and Italy sent troops, and crucially planes, to help Franco. Mexico and the Soviet Union provided the Republicans with arms, but no soldiers. The war in Spain divided public opinion all over the world, the left and centre suporting the Republic and the right supporting Franco. The exception to this general rule was amongst Catholic leftists, who supported Franco despite his right-wing politics, as the Church urged priests to condemn the republic from the pulpit.

The Civil-war ended in 1939, the Republican defence broken by infighting, and suffering from a lack of arms due to half-hearted Russian support, with the profesional soldiers, especially Arab troops, of Franco playing a decisive role in the defeat of the republic. However, the struggle is remembered as the time when democrats from all over the world joined together to fight against the un-democratic Nationalists, losing the battle but preparing the world for the Second World War.

Sunday

2007-06-03T20:54:35Z

Izquierda:

[[Sunday]] is the first day of the [[week]] in the [[America]]n calendar. Its name comes from the [[Sun]]. Sunday and Monday, unlike the other days of the week, Sunday is not named after [[pagan]] gods (Tyr, Woden, Thor, Frey, Saeter).

The [[Bible]] tells us to Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. However this was told by [[Moses]] to the [[Jews]], not by [[Jesus]] to his followers. For this reason Jews worship on Saturday instead of Sunday.[http://www.raycomfort.com/articles/sabbath/index.html]

Many Christians go to [[church]] on Sunday. In some places, commercial enterprises such as [[bank]]s and [[store]]s, are closed. Some localities still have what are called [[blue law]]s that prevent people from working on Sunday (also see: [[Lemon test]]).

Traditional, [[Quaker]]s objected to the traditional names of the days because of their pagan derivation, and refer to Sunday as "First day," Monday as "Second day," and so forth. Modern Quakers use the usual names in daily life, but refer to Sunday as "First day" in any Quaker context (for example, religious education classes are called "First day school.")

According to Exodus 35:2 (King James), "Six days shall work be done, but on the seventh day there shall be to you an holy day, a sabbath of rest to the LORD: whosoever doeth work therein shall be put to death."

[[Sunday]] -- [[Monday]] -- [[Tuesday]] -- [[Wednesday]] -- [[Thursday]] -- [[Friday]] -- [[Saturday]]

[[Category:Chronology]]

Garibaldi

2007-06-03T20:53:26Z

Izquierda:

'''Garibaldi''' biscuits, a [[British]] delicacy, are popularly known as squashed fly biscuits from their appearance. They are flat, measure approximately 2ins by 1in, and contain currants. They are so named in honour of the [[Italian]] radical Garibaldi.

User:Izquierda

2007-06-03T20:52:54Z

Izquierda: New page: I came here to see what it was like. I didn't realize some people actually held some of the beliefs defended here. Please excuse me if I seem like too much of a tourist.

I came here to see what it was like. I didn't realize some people actually held some of the beliefs defended here. Please excuse me if I seem like too much of a tourist.

Homo sapiens

2007-06-03T20:50:48Z

Izquierda:

'''Humans''', or human beings, are classified by biologists as [[primates]] belonging to the mammalian species, [[Homo]] sapiens, ''homo'' meaning "same", and ''sapiens'' meaning "wise", or "understanding" in the taxonomological class Hominidae (the great apes). Some researchers claim humans have possibly been around for approximately 130,000 years<ref>Alemseged Z, Coppens Y, Geraads D (2002). "Hominid cranium from Omo: Description and taxonomy of Omo-323-1976-896". Am J Phys Anthropol 117 (2): 103-12.</ref>. Humans are characterized by highly developed brain capable of abstract reasoning, language, and introspection. This mental capability, combined with an erect body carriage that frees their upper limbs for manipulating objects, has allowed humans to make far greater use of tools than any other species than is known. Humans now inhabit every continent including [[Antarctica]], with a total population of over 6.5 billion as of 2007. Humans have been known to live to ages of just over 100 years.

== The Origins of Man according to Creationists ==

A large number of [[Christian|Christians]], Jews, Muslims and [[Creationism|Creationists]] have postulated that Homo sapiens were created in [[God|God's]] image on day 6 of [[creation]].[http://www.apologeticspress.org/articles/2313]
:''And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them.'' ([[Genesis]] 1:26-27)

:''And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.'' (Genesis 2:7)

The first man was Adam.
:''And the LORD God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it and to keep it.'' (Genesis 2:15)
The first woman, Eve, was made from one of his ribs.
:''And the rib, which the LORD God had taken from man, made he a woman, and brought her unto the man.'' (Genesis 2:22)

Because of the sinful nature of man about 2350 B.C (according to the Young Earth Creationist view) [[God]] sent a [[Great Flood]] which annihilated all the people on Earth except for the then 600 year old [[Noah]] and his family. All people alive today are descendants of [[Family of Noah|Noah and his family]].

==The Origins of Man according to Evolutionists==

In more recent times rationalists, [[Theory of evolution|evolutionists]] and scientists in the fields of biology and more specifically, anthropology, have postulated that humans have been around in anatomically modern form for approximately 130,000 years<ref>Alemseged Z, Coppens Y, Geraads D (2002). "Hominid cranium from Omo: Description and taxonomy of Omo-323-1976-896". Am J Phys Anthropol 117 (2): 103-12.</ref>. One version of the this theory maintains homo sapiens evolved from Homo ergaster or erectus, and from other earlier primates. Humans' closest living relative is the chimpanzee.

==The origins of Man according to non-Abrahamic religions==
Myths about the creation of mankind are an important method by which anthropologists may discover more about the societies they are studying, as they show the important facets of human life to that culture. A list of creation myths in various cultures can be found at [http://www.plesiosaur.com/creationism/creationmyths/index.php]. Some notable myths are presented below.

===Hindu===
According to Hindus, humans were created from a part of the cut up body of Purusha.

===Iroquois===
According to the Iroquois, humans came about fully formed in the Sky World before descending through a hole caused by the uprooting of a tree into a lower world, originally a sea, which the humans manipulated by sending creatures to dive to the sea bottom and bring up mud for the creation of earth on which they could dwell.

===China===
Various creation myths exist in China, the most popular being the story of Nuwa. Nuwa was a lonely goddess, who one day looked in a pool and decided to create figures from mud based on her image in the water; creating many figures of grown ups, children, males and females (where the inspiration for males and children came from is not explained) and blowing on them to give them life (the idea here being that breath is the most important thing to all humans), Nuwa saw that the world became much livelier, and she appreciated it. She decided, too, that creating humans one-by-one was too slow, so she picked up a rope and whipped it into the mud, and many figures tumbled out, which she again blew on to give them life. This kind of creation of humans is common in cultures that have a strong pottery tradition. In the pre-modern Chinese scientific tradition, no creator is ascribed to creation - simply, one became two, two became three, and three generated all things in the universe, and this includes humans.

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Anthropology]]
[[Category:Creations of God]]
[[Category:Hominid]]

Third rail

2007-06-03T20:50:32Z

Izquierda:

The "'''third rail'''" of politics is an issue so potent and one-sided that no politician dares challenge the traditional view. [[Social Security]] and other benefits for [[senior citizens]], who vote in greater proportion to other age groups, represent the classic third rail of politics.

The term comes from the third rail that provides electricity to some railway cars. Touching that third rail is usually fatal.

Godel's Incompleteness Theorems

2007-06-03T20:49:49Z

Izquierda:

'''Gödel's incompleteness theorems''' are 2 theorems published in 1931 by [[Kurt Gödel]] that reveal the limitations of the axiomatic approch to mathematics.

'''Godel's First Incompleteness Theorem''': Axioms of [[Peano Arithmetic]] or any extension of it is either incomplete or inconsistent.

'''Godel's Second Incompleteness Theorem''': Any set of axioms that asserts its own consistency is inconsistent.

[[category:mathematics]]

New Netherland

2007-06-03T20:49:21Z

Izquierda:

'''New Netherland''' was the [[Dutch]] colony that became [[New York]] in 1664 when the [[British]] obtained control of it.

Its last governor was [[Peter Stuyvesant]].

X-axis

2007-06-03T20:48:26Z

Izquierda:

The '''X-axis''' is the horizontal axis on a coordinate plane, as opposed to the vertical axis, or [[y-axis]]. The point at which a line crosses the x-axis is referred to as the [[x-intercept]].

X-axis

2007-06-03T20:48:04Z

Izquierda:

The '''X-axis''' is the horizontal axis on a coordinate plane, as opposed to the vertical axis, or [[y-axis]].

Manchuria

2007-06-03T20:47:35Z

Izquierda:

'''Manchuria''' is an area of northeast [[China]] which is rich in iron and coal deposits. During the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]], it was conquered by [[Japan]], and set up under a puppet government, and called Manchuko.
[[category:china]]

Tetanus

2007-06-03T20:46:16Z

Izquierda:

'''Tetanus''' is a toxin-producing bacterial disease marked by painful muscle spasms.
[[Category:Medicine]]

Herodotus

2007-06-03T20:45:40Z

Izquierda:

'''Herodotus''' lived from 484 to 425 BC. He was a Greek historian who is regarded as the father of history. His book ''Histories'' describes the [[Persian Wars]]. He married his wife [[Andflef]] in 502 BC. with whom he had six children.

== Famous Quotations ==
A freely adapted and translated quotation from Herodotus has become famous as the unofficial motto of the United States Post Office (now United States Postal Service). The monumental General Post Office building in New York, built in 1914, has a 280-foot frieze bearing an inscription selected by the architect:
:Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds.
Herodotus was writing about the couriers of King Xerxes of Persia.

== Style ==
Herodotus' style was largely typical of Grecian-Roman historiography: that is, an emphasis on the sensational, the mythical, and a downplay on verifiable facts. Histories were written largely for popular consumption, and they were not often intended as scholarly works, but as a preservation of popular myths at the time of the writing.

Examples of Herodotus' myth-centered history is his description of mythical beasts as inhabiting foreign lands (an example is the [[phoenix]], which he treats as a real Egyptian animal).

However, recently, one of Herodotus' more far-fetched claims has been proven by modern science, specifically, DNA testing. Herodotus claims in his ''Histories'' that the [[Etruscans]] were an offshoot of a tribe of Turkish nomads, who left their ancestral home as an advance scouting party to look for safer, more readily cultivatable land, and, having arrived in Italy, founded the Etruscan civilization as a colony of their old tribe, which has since been lost to the ages. This claim was largely scorned by the [[Romans]]. Finding DNA corroboration of Herodotus' account was a sensational find for classical historians, suggesting that Herodotus' ''Histories'' may be more factual than before believed (at least with regards to human history, if not biology).[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/03/science/03etruscan.html?ex=1178337600&en=00778c1db4e835a5&ei=5070]

[[Category:Historians]]
[[Category:Ancient Greece]]

Council of Tours

2007-06-03T20:45:23Z

Izquierda:

The most significant of '''The Council of Tours''' (a city in [[France]] that was the seat of many councils of the early [[Christian]] church after the fall of the [[Roman Empire]]) was the [[Second Council of Tours]] in A.D. 567, at which the celebration of [[Christmas]] in the West on December 25th was combined with the celebration of the [[Epiphany]] in the East on January 6th, to form the Twelve Days of Christmas.

[[Category:European History]]

Talk:Iran Hostage Crisis

2007-06-03T20:42:03Z

Izquierda: New page: [http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Iran_Hostage_Crisis&diff=next&oldid=188125 This] has been taken out. I understand the reasoning. However, I believe that it shows that the Ira...

[http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Iran_Hostage_Crisis&diff=next&oldid=188125 This] has been taken out. I understand the reasoning. However, I believe that it shows that the Iranians have been known to deny the obvious. [[User:Izquierda|Izquierda]] 16:42, 3 June 2007 (EDT)

Iran Hostage Crisis

2007-06-03T20:37:02Z

Izquierda: /* Mahmoud Ahmadinejad */

[[Image:US_Iran.gif|right|Iranian radicals burn the American flag atop the embassy.]]The '''Iran Hostage Crisis''' was a 444-day standoff at the [[United States|U.S.]] embassy in [[Tehran]], [[Iran]]. On November 4, 1979, members of the [[Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line]] (a radical [[Islam|Muslim]] [[terrorist]] group) seized the American embassy, taking 66 hostages. By January 20, 1981, all hostages were released just moments after [[Ronald Reagan]] was sworn in as [[President of the United States of America|President]].<ref>http://www.historyguy.com/iran-us_hostage_crisis.html</ref>

==Background==
===World War II===
During [[World War II]], [[Reza Shah]], the Shah of Iran, had entertained the idea of joining the [[Axis Powers]] of [[Nazi Germany]], [[Fascist]] [[Italy]], and [[Empire|Imperial]] [[Japan]]. The Iranians, like the Nazis, were extremely anti-[[Judaism|Semetic]] and supported the [[Holocaust]]. In 1941, in a necessary pre-emptive strike to prevent the acquisition of vital oil supply lines by the Nazis, the [[Allies]] invaded Iran to depose the monarch. He abdicated, letting his son, [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]], assume power. America established good relations with the new monarch, whose country proved to be a worthy ally during the [[Cold War]] after the Soviets withdrew under U. S. pressure in 1946. Britain subsequently redeployed its forces to other points throughout its empire. The U.S. gave economic and military aid to Iran, while Iran provided the U.S. military with oil. Iran's strategic location, combined with American military aid, prevented the [[Soviet Union]] from gaining control of the [[Persian Gulf]].

===Operation Ajax===
In 1953, the [[communism|communist]]-leaning Prime Minister of Iran, [[Mohammed Mossadegh]], nationalized American- and British-owned oil companies, including the [[Anglo-American Oil Company]]. The [[CIA]], with aid from British [[MI6]], removed Mossadegh and his Islamo-Communist allies from power in [[Operation Ajax]]<ref>http://www.ardeshirzahedi.org/cia-iran.pdf</ref>. Reza Pahlavi was restored to power. Despite all the [[Western World|Western]] aid and intervention in preventing a Soviet takeover, the removal of the popular Mossadegh created anti-American sentiment in some of the Iranian people. The U.S.'s support for [[Israel]] also enraged many [[Anti-Semitism|anti-Semetic]] Iranians.

===Iranian Revolution===
The hatred of American support finally came to a boiling point in 1979. The [[Iranian Revolution]] transformed Iran from the [[monarchy]] under the pro-American [[Shah]] [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]], to an [[theocracy|Islamic republic]] under the [[Ayatollah]] [[Ruhollah Khomeini]] that allied with the [[Marxism|Marxist]] [[Tudeh Party]]. Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, who had gained power after the British and Soviet-led invasion during World War II, was forced to flee to the United States to seek surgery for [[cancer]] in October. The Ayatollah referred to the U.S. as "the Great Satan" and maintained that the American government was protecting Pahlavi and supporting the royalist troops who were continuing to engage the rebels in [[guerilla warfare]]. The Iranian public believed the Ayatollah's propaganda, and assumed that the U.S. would soon invade to depose Khomeini and re-instal Pahlavi. The Ayatollah called for his student followers to storm the U.S. embassay and take all Americans captive.

==The Attack==
===Planning===
The idea of attacking the embassy was first proposed in September of 1979, by Ebrahim Asgharzadeh to four fellow university students. Asgharzadeh later said his aim was "to object against the American government by going to their embassy and occupying it for several hours. Announcing our objections from within the occupied compound would carry our message to the world in a much more firm and effective way."<ref>http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200412/bowden</ref> Upon learning they had followed through with their plans, Khomeini called it "The second revolution: the take-over of the American spy den in Tehran."
===Action===
On November 4, 1979, the 300 radical [[Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line]] stormed the embassy. The gate was broken open by a pair of metal cutters that one student hid under her [[hijab]]. Some poured in through the open gates, while others scaled the walls. Iranian police were cooperative, and took no action. Sixty-six American hostages were taken prisoner inside the percieved safety of their embassy.

Three weeks after the initial attack, the Iranians released thirteen female and black prisoners, claiming they were sympathetic to the "oppressed minorities". Another hostage would later be diagnosed with [[multiple sclerosis]] and would be released in July of 1980 to seek medical treatment. The remaining 52 hostages, however, were frequently blindfolded or hooded and paraded before news cameras at the orders of Khomeini.

===American Reaction===
The American public united in outrage at this rash action against the United States. Many Iranians living in the U.S. were deported when they were discovered to be supporters of the [[Iranian Revolution|revolution]]. Americans called upon President [[Jimmy Carter]] to act. However, Carter only ceased oil imports from Iran. Seeing Carter's failure to defend the Americans, Khomeini commented that the "action has many benefits. ... This has united our people. Our opponents [Carter] do not dare act against us." Khomeini added supported from the People's Mujahedin of Iran (a [[terrorist]] group) to his support from the Islamists, when he adopted the slogan "America can't do a damned thing." Together, the Muslim radicals and their Communist allies purged the country of all opposition, citing pro-Americanism as an offense in many executions. The American public continued to urge the President to take justified military action to protect his people. Carter answered by simply arranging for a [[Canada|Canadian]] ambassador to be sent to interview the hostages.

His ill-considered attempt at a rescue mission sealed his fate as the most hated U.S. president in the history of the U.S. armed forces (see [[Operation Eagle Claw]]).

==Consequences==
[[Image:Hostage.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Future Iranian President, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (left), and another fellow radical, escort an American hostage.]]
Ultimately, it would be [[Iraq]] who would unwittingly cause the release of the prisoners. In September 1980, Iraqi President [[Saddam Hussein]] invaded Iran, forcing the Iranian government to turn to the [[United States]] for support. Carter eventually authorized an $8 billion ransom for the release of the prisoners. The damage, however, had been done. The American people had lost faith in Carter due to his poor leadership in times of crisis. Ironically, the [[1980 Presidential Election]] was held on the one-year anniversary of the attack. Largely due to the hostage crisis, [[California]] Governor [[Ronald Reagan]] was overwhelmingly elected. Reagan’s campaign platform included restoring American power and influence abroad. Immediately after Reagan took the [[Presidential Oath of Office]] on January 20, the hostages were flown out of Iran after 444 days of captivity.

==Mahmoud Ahmadinejad==
The current President of Iran, [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]], according to many of the former hostages, is one of their captors. The Iranian government has denied that Ahmadinejad was one of the [[Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line]]. The Iranian government also denies the [[Holocaust]].

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Iran]]

Omar al-Bashir

2007-06-03T20:34:21Z

Izquierda: New page: '''Omar al-Bashir''' is the current President of Sudan. He is criticized by various organizations, such as Amnesty International, for not acting on various crises, most notably the...

'''Omar al-Bashir''' is the current President of [[Sudan]]. He is criticized by various organizations, such as [[Amnesty International]], for not acting on various crises, most notably the [[Darfur conflict]], in which Arab [[Muslim]] militias known collectively as the [[Janjaweed]] have massacred, raped, and displaced hundreds of thousands of black Muslims.

Karl Marx

2007-06-03T20:27:58Z

Izquierda:

[[Image:KarlMarx.jpg|right|frame]]
'''Karl Marx''' (1818-1883) was a [[Germany|German]] economist who sought to set [[socialism]] and [[communism]] on, what he saw as, a scientific basis. Marx was born in Prussia, educated in Germany, and a writer in London.

Marx saw "primitive" socialist thought as fundamentally a moral movement with no base in a practical science. Marx's solution was to ground an analysis of society on his principle of dialectical materialism.

Dialectic was a principle created by German philosopher [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]] which, although ferociously complex in his works, is based on the fairly straightforward conception of action and reaction. A situation arises that is less than perfect ("thesis") which provokes a reaction ("antithesis"), eventually a settlement is reached ("synthesis") which, is still far from perfect and provokes its own antithesis. Hegel saw the driving force of changes being the "Geist", variously translated as "spirit" or "mind". Marx took the dialectic and replaced Geist with materialism, at root the metabolism of man. To put it bluntly: you've got to eat!.

The necessity for material sustenance gives rise to an imperfect means of production, which changes as the internal contradictions of thesis and antithesis work themselves out. A key feature of Marx's sociology was that the competition for resources splits society into mutually antagonistic classes ("The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.") whilst the operation of the dialectic serves to continually reduce the numbers of classes until, in the industrial age, society was almost wholly split between "bourgeoisie" and "proletariat".

"''Das Kapital''" ("''Capital''") seeks to demonstrate that the bourgeoisie make profits by exploitation of the proletariat. The exploitation arises where the value of the goods produced by workers is much more than the wages paid, and this "[[surplus value]]" is literally stolen from workers by owners. Marx sought to show that the competition amongst the bourgeoisie forced them to exploit their workers as much as possible. If an individual bourgeois refused to continue the exploitation he would soon be forced into bankruptcy or be taken over by someone who would. The result is a relentless increase in the misery of the proletariat who, eventually, would rebel and replace the existing capitalist system with a socialist/communist system. This replacement was described in the "''Communist Manifesto''," in which Marx described how capitalism would eventually collapse into communism. As well as proposing an economic system Marx also had modern views on education, he advocated education for all including women and the lower classes who at the time were without any education.

Mikhail Bakunin observed how rather than discussion of issues, the tried and tested method of leftism and Marxism was spread through the art of character assassination, <ref>Guy A. Aldred, ''Bakunin'', Strickland Press, Glasgow, (1940). </ref> close associates of Marx were adept in the art of
{{Cquote|cowardly, odious and perfidious insinuations. They seldom make open accusation, but they insinuate, saying they "have heard - it is said - it may not be true, but', and then they hurl the most abominable calumnies in your face.}}

===Views on Religion===
Marx is considered very controversial in religious circles for his statement, "Religion...is the opium of the masses." This was written in his 1843 work "A Contribution to the [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1843/critique-hpr/intro.htm Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right]" and expresses Marx's belief that religion offers a false palliative to assuage the suffering of "the oppressed", which in his view essentially blames faith in God as the hinderance to carrying out the Marxist program.

Karl Marx is often labeled an [[anti-semite]] or a self-hating Jew for his statements such as, "Money is the jealous god of Israel, in face of which no other god may exist", "The god of the Jews has become secularized and has become the god of the world. The bill of exchange is the real god of the Jew. His god is only an illusory bill of exchange", and "What is the worldly religion of the Jew? Huckstering. What is his worldly God? Money".

==References==
<references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Marx, Karl}}
[[Category:Political people]]
[[Category:Communists]]

Marxism

2007-06-03T20:26:07Z

Izquierda:

'''Marxism''' is the doctrine and belief system developed by [[Karl Marx]] in his [[Communist Manifesto]] in 1848. It has never been used by a state, but many have created their own variants ([[Lenin|Leninism]], [[Stalin|Stalinism]], [[Mao Zedong|Maoism]])
[[category:politics]]
[[category:Sociology]]

Robert Mugabe

2007-06-03T20:24:05Z

Izquierda:

[[Image:Robert-Mugabe(AP).jpg‎ |right]]

'''Robert Mugabe''' has been the President of [[Zimbabwe]] since December 31, 1987. Zimbabwe is the former [[British]] Colony known as [[Rhodesia]]. <ref>https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/zi.html</ref> He violently oppresses anyone who opposes his government. He has cracked down on dissidents and violently seized farms from white (and many black) farm owners. A black nationalist, he eventually established one-party rule in his country, becoming Executive President of Zimbabwe in 1987 with his [[Marxism|Marxist]] "Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front" (ZANU-PF).<ref>http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9054151/Robert-Mugabe</ref>

In his 27 years in power, he has gone from the poster boy for the "New Africa", ruled by educated, democratic leaders, to the bottom of the heap. Under his rule the health and well-being of his people have dropped dramatically, with his arbitrary arrests and torture of anyone considered to be an opponent. According to the World Health Organization, Zimbabwe has the world’s shortest life expectancy - 37 years for men and 34 for women. It also has the greatest percentage of orphans (about 25%, says UNICEF) and the worst annual inflation rate (1,281% as of last month). He last allowed an election in 2002 but “won” only after having his leading opponent arrested for treason.

Mugabe came into power with the help of China and North Korea. The UK and the UN did nothing, as Rhodesia fought off a Communist-backed attack supported by not only China and North Korea but the Soviet Union and East Germany as well.{{fact}}

The son of a village carpenter, Mugabe was trained as a teacher in a Roman Catholic mission.

== Fast Facts ==

*Date of Birth 21/02/1924
*Place of Birth Kutama Mission, Zvimba
*Country of Residence Zimbabwe
*Nationality Zimbabwean
*Father's Name Gabriel Mugabe
*Mother's Name Bona Shonhiwa
*Spouse's Name Grace Marufu
*Marriage Date 00/08/1996
*Children 2 son(s) 1 daughter(s)
*School Kutuma Mission School

== Education ==

*Bachelor of Arts University of Fort Hare Education 1951
*Bachelor of Science University of London - UOL Economics
*Master of Science University of South Africa Economics
*Bachelor of Law University of South Africa
*Master of Laws University of South Africa
*Bachelor of Administration University of South Africa
*Bachelor of Education University of South Africa
<ref>http://www.whoswhosa.co.za/Pages/profilefull.aspx?IndID=3562</ref>

== References ==
<references/>
[[Category:Dictators]]

Amnesty International

2007-06-03T20:23:13Z

Izquierda:

As stated by their homepage: "'''Amnesty International''' (AI) is a worldwide movement of people who campaign for internationally recognized human rights." Founded in the UK in 1961, Amnesty works to highlight discrepancies between actual human rights practices and the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights|internationally accepted standards]], and lobbies for compliance where these have not been followed. It works to garner public support, most notably in the form of [[letter writing campaigns]], in the belief that this can exert pressure on those who perpetrate abuses.

It was the winner of the 1977 [[Nobel Prize|Nobel Peace Prize]].

==Amnesty's goals==

At the 27th International Council meeting, 2005, it was decided that:

"''Amnesty International’s vision is of a world in which every person enjoys all of the human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards.<br/><br/>In pursuit of this vision, Amnesty International’s mission is to undertake research and action focused on preventing and ending grave abuses of the rights to physical and mental integrity, freedom of conscience and expression, and freedom from discrimination, within the context of its work to promote all human rights.''"

This manifests itself as Amnesty's goals:

#Abolish [[capital punishment]]
#Put an end to [[extrajudicial executions]] and "disappearances"
#Put an end to torture and ill-treatment
#Put an end to unlawful killings in armed conflict
#Ensure conditions in prisons meet international standards of human rights
#Ensure rapid and fair trials for all [[prisoner of conscience|prisoners of conscience]]
#Ensure free education to all children worldwide
#Put an end to the recruitment and use of child soldiers
#Promote economic, social and cultural rights for marginalised communities
#Protect human rights defenders
#Protect the rights of [[refugees]], [[migrants]] and [[asylum seekers]]

One topic of particular controversy is the organisation's stance on [[abortion]], as both pro- and anti-abortion members belong to Amnesty. At present, a neutral position is taken - that the work of Amnesty International in other areas is too important to be spoilt by factionalism over this issue.

==References==
[http://www.amnesty.org/ Amnesty International's homepage]
[[category:politics]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Peace]]

Amnesty International

2007-06-03T20:22:50Z

Izquierda: copyedit

As stated by their homepage: "Amnesty International (AI) is a worldwide movement of people who campaign for internationally recognized human rights." Founded in the UK in 1961, Amnesty works to highlight discrepancies between actual human rights practices and the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights|internationally accepted standards]], and lobbies for compliance where these have not been followed. It works to garner public support, most notably in the form of [[letter writing campaigns]], in the belief that this can exert pressure on those who perpetrate abuses.

It was the winner of the 1977 [[Nobel Prize|Nobel Peace Prize]].

==Amnesty's goals==

At the 27th International Council meeting, 2005, it was decided that:

"''Amnesty International’s vision is of a world in which every person enjoys all of the human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards.<br/><br/>In pursuit of this vision, Amnesty International’s mission is to undertake research and action focused on preventing and ending grave abuses of the rights to physical and mental integrity, freedom of conscience and expression, and freedom from discrimination, within the context of its work to promote all human rights.''"

This manifests itself as Amnesty's goals:

#Abolish [[capital punishment]]
#Put an end to [[extrajudicial executions]] and "disappearances"
#Put an end to torture and ill-treatment
#Put an end to unlawful killings in armed conflict
#Ensure conditions in prisons meet international standards of human rights
#Ensure rapid and fair trials for all [[prisoner of conscience|prisoners of conscience]]
#Ensure free education to all children worldwide
#Put an end to the recruitment and use of child soldiers
#Promote economic, social and cultural rights for marginalised communities
#Protect human rights defenders
#Protect the rights of [[refugees]], [[migrants]] and [[asylum seekers]]

One topic of particular controversy is the organisation's stance on [[abortion]], as both pro- and anti-abortion members belong to Amnesty. At present, a neutral position is taken - that the work of Amnesty International in other areas is too important to be spoilt by factionalism over this issue.

==References==
[http://www.amnesty.org/ Amnesty International's homepage]
[[category:politics]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Peace]]