Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Rock and roll

2008-11-25T01:08:50Z

JFrankenson: /* Cultural Impact */

'''Rock and roll''' ('''Rock music''') is an [[American]] music genre started in the early 1950s. It evolved from [[rhythm and blues]], [[blues music]] and [[country music]].
The name implies fornication in a car.[http://www.history-of-rock.com/]

==Foundations of rock==
Rock is characterized by a strong back-beat, simple repeated phrases, and electrically amplified instrumentation such as [[guitars]].

==Instrumentation==
*[[Electric guitar]]
*[[Bass guitar]]
*[[Drum kit]]
*[[Keyboards]]
*[[Piano]] ''(sometimes)''

==Cultural Impact==
The music is often associated with rebellion because its loud and impudent style was repulsive to traditional parents. It grew more popular during the 60s, when [[Hippies|the Hippie movement]] spread. Whether everybody genuinely wanted peace in [[Vietnam]], or they just liked [[Jimi Hendrix]], rock 'n' roll kept its rowdy and independent spirit. Ever since it began, it's been drawing young people "out on [their] own / like a rolling stone" ([[Bob Dylan]]).
Bob Dylan is Godless.

==Rock sub-genres==
There are many genres of rock music, such as [[hard rock]], [[soft rock]], [[heavy metal]], [[country rock]], and many others.

==Worldwide popularity==
The popularity of rock music has spread worldwide. One place other than America where rock proved especially popular was [[Britain]], home to [[The Beatles]].

Some countries create their own version of rock, often adding lyrics of the singers' native country.

==Early rock pioneers==
*[[Chuck Berry]]
*[[Bo Diddley]]
*[[Little Richard]]
*[[Elvis Presley]]
*[[Roy Orbison]]
*[[Jerry Lee Lewis]]
*[[The Beach Boys]]
*[[The Beatles]]

==See also==
*[[Rhythm and blues]]

[[Category:Rock & Roll| ]]

Fossils

2008-11-25T01:07:07Z

JFrankenson: /* Dating fossils */

'''Fossils''' are preserved remains of once-living organisms.<ref>Wile, 1998</ref> They are usually formed when mineral-rich water makes its way into the organism's body. The minerals within the water aggregate within the spaces within the body and solidify. Once the organism's tissues have dissolved away, all that is left behind is a rock mold of the creature's shape.

== Fossil record ==

[[Young Earth creationism|Biblical creationists]] see most of the fossil record as a record of the burial of creatures during [[great Flood|Noah's Flood]], wherein the creatures dwelling on the seafloor were buried first, then other marine creatures, [[amphibian]]s, slow-moving reptiles, faster-moving mammals and birds, and finally, humans, the most able to escape the floodwaters the longest. They believe that these are creatures that did not survive the flood.

[[Evolution|Evolutionists]] see the fossil record as a record of the evolution of life on Earth, with the oldest fossils, those of the earliest and simplest creatures, being at the base of the fossil record, and more recent and more advanced creatures higher up.

== Dating fossils ==

Fossils are usually not able to be directly dated by any [[radiometric dating]] method.
[[Carbon dating]] can only be used if carbon remains, which is not the case with most fossils.
Most other dating methods work on [[igneous|volcanic rock]], whereas most fossils are contained in [[sedimentary]] rock.

Instead, fossils are often dated by evolutionists according to ages that have already been assigned to various [[geologic system|rock layers]].
Radiometric dating may be used to narrow this down, by dating available volcanic layers above and/or below the fossil-containing layer.
However, radiometric dating is not a reliable method of dating fossils, and is rejected by creationary scientists. Creationary scientists cannot actually be considered scientists, however, because they use no actual evidence or experimentation to back up anything they say.

== Organic matter in fossils ==

Organic matter has been found in some fossils.
In 1997 Dr. [[Mary Schweitzer]] of [[Montana State University]] reported finding red [[blood]] cells inside a ''[[Tyrannosaurus rex]]'' bone.<ref name="blood">Wieland, 1997.</ref>
And in 2005 the same scientist reported finding blood vessels that were still "soft and stretchy" in another ''Tyrannosaurus rex'' bone claimed to be 65 million years old.<ref name="soft">Wieland, 2005.</ref>

It is well-accepted that biological matter cannot last anything like 65 million years.
<ref> 
For example:
* Schweitzer herself expressed surprise that the blood cells could last that long:
{{QuoteBox|It was exactly like looking at a slice of modern bone’. But, of course, I couldn’t believe it. I said to the lab technician: ‘The bones, after all, are 65 million years old. How could blood cells survive that long? —Wieland, 2005a}}
{{QuoteBox|I just got goose bumps, because everyone knows these things don’t last for 65 million years.—Catchpoole and Sarfati}}
* Schweitzer had difficulties getting her research published because others didn't believe that blood cells could last that long. One reviewer didn't believe her, saying that what she was finding was not possible. Schweitzer commented:
{{QuoteBox|If you take a blood sample, and you stick it on a shelf, you have nothing recognizable in about a week, ... So why would there be anything left in dinosaurs? —Catchpoole and Sarfati}}
* The reason that they won't last that long is known:
{{QuoteBox|As Dr Aw Swee Eng (former professor of biochemistry, Singapore University) confirmed to me personally, complex biomolecules such as proteins are thermodynamically destined to fall apart eventually (from the random motion of molecules) even were they to be protected from all outside influences such as air, moisture, bacteria, etc. —Wieland, 2005b}}
</ref> 

Creationists argue that this constitutes evidence that the fossils are not that old.<ref name="blood" /><ref name="soft" />, whilst evolutionists argue either that this constitutes evidence that it can last that long, or that the apparent blood cells (which passed several tests for blood) were not really blood cells.

== See also ==

*[[Dinosaur]]
*[[Fossil fuels]]

== Bibliography ==
* Catchpoole, David, and Sarfati, Jonathan, [http://creationontheweb.com/content/view/4504 ‘Schweitzer’s Dangerous Discovery’], 19th July, 2006 (Creation Ministries International).
* Wieland, Carl, [http://creationontheweb.com/content/view/606 Sensational dinosaur blood report!], ''Creation'' 19(4):42–43, September 1997.
* Wieland, Carl, [http://creationontheweb.com/content/view/3042 Still soft and stretchy] 25th March 2005 (Creation Ministries International).
* Wieland, Carl, [http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/3427/ Squirming at the Squishosaur] 16th May 2005 (Creation Ministries International)
* Wile, Jay L. ''Exploring Creation With Biology''. Apologia Educational Ministries, Inc. 1998
== Notes ==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Fossils|*]]

Fossils

2008-11-25T01:04:33Z

JFrankenson: /* Fossil record */

'''Fossils''' are preserved remains of once-living organisms.<ref>Wile, 1998</ref> They are usually formed when mineral-rich water makes its way into the organism's body. The minerals within the water aggregate within the spaces within the body and solidify. Once the organism's tissues have dissolved away, all that is left behind is a rock mold of the creature's shape.

== Fossil record ==

[[Young Earth creationism|Biblical creationists]] see most of the fossil record as a record of the burial of creatures during [[great Flood|Noah's Flood]], wherein the creatures dwelling on the seafloor were buried first, then other marine creatures, [[amphibian]]s, slow-moving reptiles, faster-moving mammals and birds, and finally, humans, the most able to escape the floodwaters the longest. They believe that these are creatures that did not survive the flood.

[[Evolution|Evolutionists]] see the fossil record as a record of the evolution of life on Earth, with the oldest fossils, those of the earliest and simplest creatures, being at the base of the fossil record, and more recent and more advanced creatures higher up.

== Dating fossils ==

Fossils are usually not able to be directly dated by any [[radiometric dating]] method.
[[Carbon dating]] can only be used if carbon remains, which is not the case with most fossils.
Most other dating methods work on [[igneous|volcanic rock]], whereas most fossils are contained in [[sedimentary]] rock.

Instead, fossils are often dated by evolutionists according to ages that have already been assigned to various [[geologic system|rock layers]].
Radiometric dating may be used to narrow this down, by dating available volcanic layers above and/or below the fossil-containing layer.
However, radiometric dating is not a reliable method of dating fossils, and is rejected by creationary scientists.

== Organic matter in fossils ==

Organic matter has been found in some fossils.
In 1997 Dr. [[Mary Schweitzer]] of [[Montana State University]] reported finding red [[blood]] cells inside a ''[[Tyrannosaurus rex]]'' bone.<ref name="blood">Wieland, 1997.</ref>
And in 2005 the same scientist reported finding blood vessels that were still "soft and stretchy" in another ''Tyrannosaurus rex'' bone claimed to be 65 million years old.<ref name="soft">Wieland, 2005.</ref>

It is well-accepted that biological matter cannot last anything like 65 million years.
<ref> 
For example:
* Schweitzer herself expressed surprise that the blood cells could last that long:
{{QuoteBox|It was exactly like looking at a slice of modern bone’. But, of course, I couldn’t believe it. I said to the lab technician: ‘The bones, after all, are 65 million years old. How could blood cells survive that long? —Wieland, 2005a}}
{{QuoteBox|I just got goose bumps, because everyone knows these things don’t last for 65 million years.—Catchpoole and Sarfati}}
* Schweitzer had difficulties getting her research published because others didn't believe that blood cells could last that long. One reviewer didn't believe her, saying that what she was finding was not possible. Schweitzer commented:
{{QuoteBox|If you take a blood sample, and you stick it on a shelf, you have nothing recognizable in about a week, ... So why would there be anything left in dinosaurs? —Catchpoole and Sarfati}}
* The reason that they won't last that long is known:
{{QuoteBox|As Dr Aw Swee Eng (former professor of biochemistry, Singapore University) confirmed to me personally, complex biomolecules such as proteins are thermodynamically destined to fall apart eventually (from the random motion of molecules) even were they to be protected from all outside influences such as air, moisture, bacteria, etc. —Wieland, 2005b}}
</ref> 

Creationists argue that this constitutes evidence that the fossils are not that old.<ref name="blood" /><ref name="soft" />, whilst evolutionists argue either that this constitutes evidence that it can last that long, or that the apparent blood cells (which passed several tests for blood) were not really blood cells.

== See also ==

*[[Dinosaur]]
*[[Fossil fuels]]

== Bibliography ==
* Catchpoole, David, and Sarfati, Jonathan, [http://creationontheweb.com/content/view/4504 ‘Schweitzer’s Dangerous Discovery’], 19th July, 2006 (Creation Ministries International).
* Wieland, Carl, [http://creationontheweb.com/content/view/606 Sensational dinosaur blood report!], ''Creation'' 19(4):42–43, September 1997.
* Wieland, Carl, [http://creationontheweb.com/content/view/3042 Still soft and stretchy] 25th March 2005 (Creation Ministries International).
* Wieland, Carl, [http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/3427/ Squirming at the Squishosaur] 16th May 2005 (Creation Ministries International)
* Wile, Jay L. ''Exploring Creation With Biology''. Apologia Educational Ministries, Inc. 1998
== Notes ==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Fossils|*]]