Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

File:Matisse Fleurs dans un Verre 1906.jpg

2015-06-23T19:03:37Z

JMR10: Protected "File:Matisse Fleurs dans un Verre 1906.jpg" ([edit=sysop] (indefinite) [move=sysop] (indefinite) [upload=sysop] (indefinite))

[[Fair use]]

Source:

http://aquileana.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/henri-matisse-expresionismo-fauvista/

File:Derain Mountains at Collioure 1905.jpg

2015-06-23T19:01:57Z

JMR10: Protected "File:Derain Mountains at Collioure 1905.jpg" ([edit=sysop] (indefinite) [move=sysop] (indefinite) [upload=sysop] (indefinite))

André Derain, Mountains at Collioure, 1905,

National Gallery of Art, Washington, John Hay Whitney Collection.

[[Fair use]]

Source:

http://www.nga.gov/feature/artnation/fauve/influences_5.shtm

File:Andre Derain, The Turning Road, L Estaque, 1906.jpg

2015-06-23T12:25:47Z

JMR10:

The Turning Road, L’Estaque , 1906 , by Andre Derain,

Oil on canvas, 129.54 x 194.94 cm.

Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.

[[Public domain]]

Source:

http://www.famousartistsgallery.com/gallery/derain.html

Fauvism

2015-06-23T12:23:48Z

JMR10: /* See also */

''Disambiguation: [[favaism]]''

[[Image:Matisse The Lying Nude.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Matisse, The Lying Nude.]]
'''Fauvism''' (from ''fauves: "wild beasts", due to critic Louis Vauxcelles'') was an art movement which lasted from 1904 to 1908 (as such movement). It used vivid colors and distorted forms to convey emotion and was largely influenced by [[Africa]]n tribal arts. Prominent artist were [[Henri Matisse]] (the leader), Maurice de Vlaminck (French, 1876–1958), Andre Derain (1880-1954), [[Raoul Dufy]], and Georges-Henri Rouault (1871–1958). Other important Fauvists were Kees van Dongen, Charles Camoin, Henri-Charles Manguin, Othon Friesz, Jean Puy, and Louis Valtat.

<blockquote>
Fauvism was the first of the avant-garde movements that flourished in France in the early years of the twentieth century. The Fauve painters were the first to break with [[Impressionism]] as well as with older, traditional methods of perception. Their spontaneous, often subjective response to nature was expressed in bold, undisguised brushstrokes and high-keyed, vibrant colors directly from the tube. [http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/fauv/hd_fauv.htm] Prior to [[Cubism]] becoming the next popular movement, even with its lack of distinction as a movement, Fauvism was seen as the most popular movement, and was the most advanced movement of the time, just prior to World War I. [http://www.henrimatisse.org/]
</blockquote>

[[File:Vlaminck, Beauce - landscape.jpg|thumb|left|Vlaminck, Beauce-landscape, 1910.]] Impetuous Vlaminck might be called a "natural" Fauve because his use of highly intense color corresponded to his own exuberant nature. [[Ibidem]]

{{Clear}}
[[File:Vlaminck, Les regates a Bougival, 1905.jpg|thumb|center|400px|Maurice de Vlaminck, Les régates à Bougival, 1905.]]

== See also ==
[[File:Dufy The Wheat Field 1929.jpg|thumb|Dufy, The Wheat Field, 1929.]]
*[[Painting Schools]]
*[[Painting Masterpieces]]
*[[Contemporary painting]]
*[[Contemporary Abstract Painting]]

[[File:Andre Derain, The Turning Road, L Estaque, 1906.jpg|thumb|left|310px|Andre Derain, The Turning Road, L'Estaque, 1906.]]

[[Category:Artistic Movements]]

File:Andre Derain, The Turning Road, L Estaque, 1906.jpg

2015-06-23T12:21:41Z

JMR10: Protected "File:Andre Derain, The Turning Road, L Estaque, 1906.jpg" ([edit=sysop] (indefinite) [move=sysop] (indefinite) [upload=sysop] (indefinite))

Oil on canvas, 129.54 x 194.94 cm.

Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.

[[Public domain]]

Source:

http://www.famousartistsgallery.com/gallery/derain.html

File:Andre Derain, The Turning Road, L Estaque, 1906.jpg

2015-06-23T12:18:24Z

JMR10: Oil on canvas, 129.54 x 194.94 cm. Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Public domain Source: http://www.famousartistsgallery.com/gallery/derain.html

Oil on canvas, 129.54 x 194.94 cm.

Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.

[[Public domain]]

Source:

http://www.famousartistsgallery.com/gallery/derain.html

French Still Life Painting

2015-06-23T12:05:51Z

JMR10: /* See also */

'''French [[Still life|Still Life]] Painting'''

<big><big><big>''Petite'' Gallery</big></big></big>

<center>
<gallery widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Pierre Dupuis Nature morte aux prunes et aux abricots XVII.jpg|Nature morte aux prunes et aux abricots by Pierre Dupuis.
File:Lubin Baugin 1612–1663 La nature morte, dite Le Dessert de gaufrette.jpg|Le Dessert de Gaufrette by Lubin Baugin.
File:Chardin Fish still life.jpg|[[Still life|Still Life]] with Fish, Vegetables, Gougères, Pots, and Cruets on a Table by Jean Baptiste Chardin.
File:Delacroix Nature morte aux homards 1826 1827.jpg|Nature morte aux homards by [[Eugene Delacroix]].
File:Pissarro Still Life.jpg|Still Life by [[Camille Pissarro]].
File:Edouard Manet Lilacs in a vase 1882.jpg|Lilacs in a vase by [[Edouard Manet]].
File:Manet Moss Roses in a Vase 1882.jpg|Moss Roses in a Vase by [[Edouard Manet]].
File:Edouard Manet Flowers in a Crystal Vase c 1882.jpg|Flowers in a Crystal Vase by Edouard Manet.
File:Still Life by Henri Fantin-Latour, 1866.jpg|Still Life by Henri Fantin-Latour.
File:Still Life - The Engagement by Henri Fantin-Latour 1869.jpg|Still Life - The Engagement by Henri Fantin-Latour.
Image:Cézanne Vase of Flowers.jpg|Vase of Flowers by [[Paul Cézanne]]
Image:Cézanne Still Life with Fruit.jpg|Still Life with Fruit by [[Paul Cézanne]].
File:Cezanne Pommes et Serviette 1879 1880.jpg|Pommes et Serviette by [[Paul Cézanne]].
File:Monet Still Life with Flowers and Fruit 1869.jpg|Still Life with Flowers and Fruit by [[Claude Monet]].
File:Monet Apples and Grapes 1880.jpg|Apples and Grapes by [[Claude Monet]].
File:Bazille Fleurs 1869 - 1870.JPG|Fleurs by [[Jean-Frédéric Bazille]].
Image:Renoir Flowers in a Vase.jpg|Flowers in a Vase by [[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]]
File:Gustave Caillebotte Roses jaunes dans un vase 1882.jpg|Roses jaunes dans un vase by Gustave Caillebotte.
File:Gauguin Bouquet.jpg|Bouquet by [[Paul Gauguin]].
File:Gauguin Bouquet of Flowers.jpg|Bouquet of Flowers by [[Paul Gauguin]].
File:Pierre Bonnard. Poppies. 1914.jpg|Poppies by [[Pierre Bonnard]].
File:Henri Matisse The Window 1916.jpg|The Window by [[Henri Matisse]].
File:Leger Still Life with a Beer Mug 1921.jpg|Still Life with a Beer Mug by [[Fernand Leger]].
File:Braque Still Life Le Jour 1929.jpg|Still Life Le Jour by [[Georges Braque]].
File:Raoul Dufy Anemones 1937.jpg|Anemones by [[Raoul Dufy]].

</gallery>

[[Image:Cézanne Still Life with Flowers and Fruit.jpg|thumb|center|500px|Still Life with Flowers and Fruit by [[Paul Cézanne]].]]

[[File:Still Life Fruit by Gustave Courbet, ca.1871-1872.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Still Life Fruit by [[Gustave Courbet]], ca. 1871-1872.]]
[[File:Renoir Crown of Roses ca. 1858.jpg|thumb|center|300px|[[Renoir]], Crown of Roses, ca. 1858.]]

[[File:Matisse Blue Still Life.jpg|frame|[[Henri Matisse]], Blue Still Life, 1907.]]

[[File:Matisse, Vase of Sunflowers, 1898.jpg|thumb|300px|center|[[Henri Matisse]], Vase of Sunflowers, 1898.]]

{{Clear}}

 
<big>By [[Henri Fantin Latour|Henri Fantin-Latour]]</big>
<gallery perrow="5">
File:Dahlias by Henri Fantin-Latour 1872.jpg|Dahlias, 1872.
File:Fairy Roses by Henri Fantin-Latour, 1874.jpg|Fairy Roses, 1874.
File:Chrysanthemums by Henri Fantin-Latour, 1875.jpg|Chrysanthemums, 1875.
File:Spring Flowers by Henri Fantin-Latour, 1879.jpg|Spring Flowers, 1879.
File:Basket of Dahlias by Henri Fantin-Latour, 1893.jpg|Basket of Dahlias, 1893.
</gallery>
</center>

 

== See also ==
[[File:Basket of Flowers by Eugène Delacroix, 1848–49.jpg|thumb|Basket of Flowers by [[Eugene Delacroix|Eugène Delacroix]], 1848–49.]]
*[[Famous French Art Museums]]
*[[French Landscape Painting]]

[[File:Matisse, Still Life with Purro I, 1904.jpg|thumb|left|[[Henri Matisse]], Still Life with Purro I, 1904.]]

 
{{Clear}}

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<big><big>''MAKING ART WITH ART''</big></big>
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[[Category:Painting]]

American Impressionism Gallery

2015-06-12T02:18:15Z

JMR10: /* External links */

<center>

<big><big>'''[[American Impressionism]] Gallery'''</big></big>

<gallery>
File:Cassatt Self Portrait, 1880.jpg|Mary Cassatt, Self Portrait, 1880.
File:MC1.jpg|[[Mary Cassatt]], Summertime, 1894.

File:Chase Afternoon in the Park.jpg|[[William Merritt Chase]] , Afternoon in the Park, 1890.

File:Whistler, View of Venice, ca. 1878-1880.jpg|[[James Whistler]], View of Venice, ca. 1878-1880.
File:Whistler, Pink Note The Novelette, ca. 1884.jpg|James Whistler, Pink Note: The Novelette, ca. 1884.
File:Sargent, Jane de Glehn in a Gondola.jpg|John Singer Sargent, Jane de Glehn in a Gondola, 1904.
File:Hassam Rainy Day.jpg|[[Childe Hassam]], Rainy Day, ca. 1889.
File:Hassam Lady in Pink.jpg|Childe Hassam, Lady in Pink, 1890.

</gallery>

[[File:Sargent Claude Monet Painting by the Edge of a Wood 1885.jpg|thumb|330px|center|[[John Singer Sargent]], [[Claude Monet]] Painting by the Edge of a Wood, 1885.]]

</center>
{{Clear}}

== See also ==
[[File:Weir, Autumn Rain, 1890.jpg|thumb|300px|Julian Alden Weir, Autumn Rain, 1890.]]
*[[Impressionism]]
*[[Gallery of American Masterpieces]]
*[[American Painting]]

[[File:Theodore Robinson, Low Tide Riverside Yacht Club, 1894.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Theodore Robinson, Low Tide Riverside Yacht Club, 1894.]]
[[File:Twachtman, Wild Cherry Tree, ca. 1901.jpeg|thumb|center|John Henry Twachtman, Wild Cherry Tree, ca. 1901.]]

{{Clear}}

== External links ==
[[File:Robert Henri, Girl Seated by the Sea, 1893.jpg|thumb|250px|Robert Henri, Girl Seated by the Sea, 1893.]]
*[http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/horo_026.shtm American impressionism and Realism.]
*[http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/aimp/hd_aimp.htm American Impressionism.]

[[File:Chase, Venice - View of the Navy Arsenal, 1913.jpg|thumb|left|300px|[[William Merritt Chase]], Venice - View of the Navy Arsenal, 1913.]]
[[File:Frieseke, Self portrait, 1901.jpg|thumb|Frederick Carl Frieseke, Self portrait, 1901.]]
[[File:Chase, Prospect Park, 1886.jpg|thumb|center|280px|[[William Merritt Chase]], Prospect Park, 1886.]]
{{Clear}}

 
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<big style="color:#005">

''' CONSERVAPEDIA MASTERPIECES GALLERY '''
</big>
</center>
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{{Clear}}
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<center>
<big><big>''MAKING ART WITH ART''</big></big>
</center>

[[Category:Painting]]
[[Category:American Painters]]
[[Category:American Painting]]

File:Frieseke, Self portrait, 1901.jpg

2015-06-12T02:15:42Z

JMR10: Protected "File:Frieseke, Self portrait, 1901.jpg" ([edit=sysop] (indefinite) [move=sysop] (indefinite) [upload=sysop] (indefinite))

Watercolour,

[[Public domain]]

Source:http://wiki.cultured.com/people/Frederick_Carl_Frieseke/

File:Frieseke, Self portrait, 1901.jpg

2015-06-12T02:15:24Z

JMR10: Watercolour, Public domain Source:http://wiki.cultured.com/people/Frederick_Carl_Frieseke/

Watercolour,

[[Public domain]]

Source:http://wiki.cultured.com/people/Frederick_Carl_Frieseke/

American Impressionism Gallery

2015-06-02T00:53:24Z

JMR10:

<center>

<big><big>'''American Impressionism Gallery'''</big></big>

<gallery>
File:MC1.jpg|[[Mary Cassatt]], Summertime, 1894.
File:Chase Afternoon in the Park.jpg|[[William Merritt Chase]] , Afternoon in the Park, 1890.

File:Hassam Rainy Day.jpg|[[Childe Hassam]], Rainy Day, ca. 1889.
File:Whistler, View of Venice, ca. 1878-1880.jpg|[[James Whistler]], View of Venice, ca. 1878-1880.
</gallery>

[[File:Sargent Claude Monet Painting by the Edge of a Wood 1885.jpg|thumb|330px|center|[[John Singer Sargent]], [[Claude Monet]] Painting by the Edge of a Wood, 1885.]]

</center>
{{Clear}}

== See also ==

*[[Impressionism]]
*[[Gallery of American Masterpieces]]

[[Category:Painting]]
[[Category:American Painters]]

American Impressionism Gallery

2015-06-02T00:52:40Z

JMR10: New article, 2015.

<center>

<big><big>'''American Impressionism Gallery'''</big></big>

<gallery>
File:MC1.jpg|[[Mary Cassatt]], Summertime, 1894.
File:Chase Afternoon in the Park.jpg|[[William Merritt Chase]] , Afternoon in the Park, 1890.

File:Hassam Rainy Day.jpg|[[Childe Hassam]], Rainy Day, ca. 1889.
File:Whistler, View of Venice, ca. 1878-1880.jpg|[[James Whistler]], View of Venice, ca. 1878-1880.
</gallery>

[[File:Sargent Claude Monet Painting by the Edge of a Wood 1885.jpg|thumb|330px|center|[[John Singer Sargent]], Claude Monet Painting by the Edge of a Wood, 1885.]]

</center>
{{Clear}}

== See also ==

*[[Impressionism]]
*[[Gallery of American Masterpieces]]

[[Category:Painting]]
[[Category:American Painters]]

Sepp Blatter

2015-05-28T18:27:39Z

JMR10:

'''Joseph (Sepp) Blatter''' is the Swiss president of [[soccer|soccer's]] world governing body, [[FIFA]], a post he has held since 1998. He succeeded Dr. João Havelange of Brazil.

<blockquote>
Mr. Blatter, who won the presidency in 1998 and was elected without opposition in his last two campaigns, is surely counting on the election’s rules to preserve his power. FIFA’s president is elected by a one-country, one-vote system among its 209 member associations. That has allowed Mr. Blatter to use his popularity, the relationships he has cultivated over a 40-year career at FIFA and his ability to deliver millions of dollars in development money as an effective counterweight to his unpopularity in [[Europe]]. [http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/29/sports/soccer/sepp-blatter-fifa-corruption-soccer.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=first-column-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0]
</blockquote>

[[Category:soccer]]

Ivan Aivazovsky

2015-05-26T03:18:07Z

JMR10: /* External links */

[[Image:Aivazovsky.jpg|140px|left]]
'''Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky''' (Theodosia, [[Crimea]], 1817 - Theodosia, 1900) was a [[Russia]]n [[painter]] famous for his ''[[Gallery of Seascapes|seascapes]]''.

:: ''"Perhaps no one in [[Europe]] has painted the extraordinary beauty of the sea with so much feeling and expressiveness as Aivazovsky has".'' V. Adasov.

Some of his marine [[landscape]]s are: ''The Bay of Naples by Moonlight'' (1842), ''Seashore. Calm,'' (1843), ''Malta. Valetto Harbour,'' (1844), ''Tenth Wave'' (1850), ''Moonlit Night'' (1849), ''The Sea Koktebel.'' (1853) and ''Storm of the Black Sea'' (1854). He worked also on paintings with naval warfare as the subject. He left more than 6,000 pictures, and became the most prolific Russian painter of his time.

[[William Turner]] (1775-1851) and Aivazovsky met in Rome, in 1842. Turner had just seen, at an exhibition, some paintings by Aivazovsky and got literally overwhelmed. [http://www.keghart.com/Pilikian_Aivazovsky]

<center>
''"Born a mortal, he left immortal memories".'' In his tombstone.
</center>
{{Clear}}

== Petite gallery ==

<gallery perrow="5">
Image:Aivazovsky Towers on the Rock Near Bosporus.JPG|Towers on the Rock Near Bosporus.
Image:Aivazovsky The Coast at Amalfi.JPG|The Coast at Amalfi.
Image:Aivazovsky Shipwreck.JPG|Shipwreck.
Image:Aivazovsky The Ninth Wave.jpg|The Ninth Wave.
File:Aivazovsky, Ivan The Ninth Wave 1850.jpg|The Ninth Wave.
</gallery>
Note: Two versions of "The Ninth Wave".

[[File:Aivazovsky, Seascape in Crimea, 1866.jpg|thumb|250px|Seascape in Crimea, 1866.]]
[[File:Ivan Aivazovsky, Scenes of Life in Cairo, 1880s.jpg|thumb|center|450px|Scenes of Life in Cairo, 1880s.]]

== See also ==
[[File:Aivazovsky, Crash, 1876.jpg|thumb|300px|Crash, 1876.]]
*[[Gallery of Russian painting]]
*[[Gallery of Seascapes]]
*[[Painting Schools]]
*[[Joaquin Clausell]]
*[[Russian painting]]
*[[Maritime Painting Gallery]]
*[[Marine Painting Gallery]]

[[File:Aivazovsky, Ship in the Stormy Sea, 1887.jpg|thumb|left|Ship in the Stormy Sea, 1887.]]
[[File:Aivazovsky, Moonlit Night, 1849.jpg|thumb|center|280px|Moonlit Night, 1849.]]
{{Clear}}

== External links ==
[[Image:Ivan Aivazovsky's hall at the State Russian Museum.jpg|thumb|Ivan Aivazovsky's hall at the State Russian Museum]]
*[http://www.armsite.com/painters/aivazovsky/ Ivan Aivazovsky]
*[http://www.abcgallery.com/A/aivazovsky/aivazovskybio.html Ivan Aivazovsky] Olga's Gallery.

[[File:Aivazovsky, Rescue at Sea, detail, 1872.JPG|thumb|left|370px|Rescue at Sea, 1872.]]
[[File:Aivazovsky, Meer, 1864.JPG|thumb|280px|Sunset at Sea, 1864.]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aivazovsky, Ivan}}
[[Category:Painters]]

Ivan Aivazovsky

2015-05-26T03:17:49Z

JMR10: /* External links */

Ivan Aivazovsky

2015-05-26T03:15:40Z

JMR10: /* External links */

[[Image:Aivazovsky.jpg|140px|left]]
'''Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky''' (Theodosia, [[Crimea]], 1817 - Theodosia, 1900) was a [[Russia]]n [[painter]] famous for his ''[[Gallery of Seascapes|seascapes]]''.

:: ''"Perhaps no one in [[Europe]] has painted the extraordinary beauty of the sea with so much feeling and expressiveness as Aivazovsky has".'' V. Adasov.

Some of his marine [[landscape]]s are: ''The Bay of Naples by Moonlight'' (1842), ''Seashore. Calm,'' (1843), ''Malta. Valetto Harbour,'' (1844), ''Tenth Wave'' (1850), ''Moonlit Night'' (1849), ''The Sea Koktebel.'' (1853) and ''Storm of the Black Sea'' (1854). He worked also on paintings with naval warfare as the subject. He left more than 6,000 pictures, and became the most prolific Russian painter of his time.

[[William Turner]] (1775-1851) and Aivazovsky met in Rome, in 1842. Turner had just seen, at an exhibition, some paintings by Aivazovsky and got literally overwhelmed. [http://www.keghart.com/Pilikian_Aivazovsky]

<center>
''"Born a mortal, he left immortal memories".'' In his tombstone.
</center>
{{Clear}}

== Petite gallery ==

<gallery perrow="5">
Image:Aivazovsky Towers on the Rock Near Bosporus.JPG|Towers on the Rock Near Bosporus.
Image:Aivazovsky The Coast at Amalfi.JPG|The Coast at Amalfi.
Image:Aivazovsky Shipwreck.JPG|Shipwreck.
Image:Aivazovsky The Ninth Wave.jpg|The Ninth Wave.
File:Aivazovsky, Ivan The Ninth Wave 1850.jpg|The Ninth Wave.
</gallery>
Note: Two versions of "The Ninth Wave".

[[File:Aivazovsky, Seascape in Crimea, 1866.jpg|thumb|250px|Seascape in Crimea, 1866.]]
[[File:Ivan Aivazovsky, Scenes of Life in Cairo, 1880s.jpg|thumb|center|450px|Scenes of Life in Cairo, 1880s.]]

== See also ==
[[File:Aivazovsky, Crash, 1876.jpg|thumb|300px|Crash, 1876.]]
*[[Gallery of Russian painting]]
*[[Gallery of Seascapes]]
*[[Painting Schools]]
*[[Joaquin Clausell]]
*[[Russian painting]]
*[[Maritime Painting Gallery]]
*[[Marine Painting Gallery]]

[[File:Aivazovsky, Ship in the Stormy Sea, 1887.jpg|thumb|left|Ship in the Stormy Sea, 1887.]]
[[File:Aivazovsky, Moonlit Night, 1849.jpg|thumb|center|280px|Moonlit Night, 1849.]]
{{Clear}}

== External links ==
[[Image:Ivan Aivazovsky's hall at the State Russian Museum.jpg|thumb|Ivan Aivazovsky's hall at the State Russian Museum]]
*[http://www.armsite.com/painters/aivazovsky/ Ivan Aivazovsky]
*[http://www.abcgallery.com/A/aivazovsky/aivazovskybio.html Ivan Aivazovsky] Olga's Gallery.

[[File:Aivazovsky, Meer, 1864.JPG|thumb|Sunset at Sea, 1864.]]
[[File:Aivazovsky, Rescue at Sea, detail, 1872.JPG|thumb|left|350px|Rescue at Sea, 1872.]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aivazovsky, Ivan}}
[[Category:Painters]]

Narcisse Diaz de la Peña

2015-05-26T02:54:04Z

JMR10: /* External links */

[[File:Diaz de la Peña Self Portrait.jpg|thumb|Self-Portrait.]]
'''Narcisse Virgilio Díaz de la Peña''' (1807 - 1876) French painter, born to Spanish parents, member of the group of [[landscape]] painters known as the [[Barbizon School]]. He studied for a time with Alexandre Cabanel. Strongly influenced by [[Eugene Delacroix]] and the Romantics and attracted by medieval and Middle Eastern art, he often in his early career painted exotic subjects. [http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/161922/Narcisse-Virgile-Diaz-de-la-Pena] Some of his works are: "La Fée aux Perles" 1857, "Sunset in the Forest" 1868, "Forest of Fontainebleau" 1868 and "The Storm" 1871.

<blockquote>
He began copying paintings in the [[Louvre]] - this influenced his early work which is based on mythology and literature. He made his debut at the Paris Salon in 1831 with "Scene of Love". Diaz was an inspiration to younger French artists, including the [[Impressionism|Impressionists]]. [http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/artists/narcisse-virgilio-diaz-de-la-pena] Several of the Impressionists were influenced by him, notably Renoir, who said that meeting Diaz led him to lighten his palette; [http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/yourpaintings/artists/narcisse-virgile-diaz-de-la-pea] [[Renoir]] once said "my hero was Díaz". [https://books.google.com.mx/books?id=ytQ8h36gnDEC&pg=PA12&lpg=PA12&dq=renoir+C%C3%A9zanne+Raphael&source=bl&ots=jSljk1bimR&sig=oqBEMS9YQ0Hjm7f_KC-WS3Grj5Y&hl=es-419&sa=X&ei=KWpgVcfQGYq9yQT1h4C4Dg&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=renoir%20C%C3%A9zanne%20Raphael&f=false "Renoir: An Intimate Record", Page 9.]
</blockquote>

Renoir also commented about Diaz de la Peña's paintings: "his pictures have become very black, but in those days (early 1860s) they sparkled like precious stones." [[Ibidem]] In the forest of Fontainebleau, in 1863, Renoir met the Bordeaux painter Narcisse Diaz who advised him to lighten his palette. [http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/famous-artists/renoir.htm]

<blockquote>
Narcisse Virgile Diaz de la Peña was one of the foremost figures of the first generation of Barbizon artists. He, along with [[Theodore Rousseau|Rousseau]], [[Jean-François Millet|Millet]], Daubigny, [[Camille Corot|Corot]], Dupré, Jacque and Troyon, established the Barbizon movement that drew hundreds of artists to the forest of Fontainebleau over the course of the nineteenth century... He was officially decorated even after leaving the official exhibition system when he received the Legion d’honneur in 1881. [http://www.schillerandbodo.com/inventory/foret-gros-chene-ensoleille]
</blockquote>

<center>

[[File:Diaz de la Peña Common with Stormy Sunset.jpg]]

Common with Stormy Sunset, 1850.

</center>

[[File:Diaz de la Peña, The Storm, 1871.jpg|thumb|300px|The Storm, 1871.]]
{{Clear}}

<center>
<gallery>
File:Diaz, Landscape with a Pine-tree, 1864.jpg|Landscape with a Pine-tree, 1864.
File:Diaz, Forest Scene.jpg|Forest, big sunny oak near a pond with fisherman.
File:Diaz, The Forest in Fontainebleau,1867.jpg|The Forest in Fontainebleau, 1867.
File:Diaz, The Forest at Fontainebleau, 1870.jpg|The Forest at Fontainebleau, 1870.
</gallery>
</center>

== External links ==
[[File:Diaz, Forest with mother and child, ca. 1876.jpg|thumb|Forest with Mother and Child, ca. 1876.]]
*[http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/collections/works-in-focus/painting.html Narcisse Diaz de la Peña.] Musée d'Orsay.
*[http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/161922/Narcisse-Virgile-Diaz-de-la-Pena Narcisse-Virgile Diaz de la Peña.] The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica.

[[File:Diaz de la Peña, Foret of Fontainebleau, 1868.jpg|thumb|left|270px|Forest of Fontainebleau, 1868.]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Diaz de la Peña, Narcisse}}

[[Category:French Painters]]

Masterpiece

2015-05-18T03:06:09Z

JMR10: /* See also */

<center>
MASTERPIECES GALLERY
 
<big style="color:#005">

''' Welcome ''' 
</big>

 

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From Dutch "Meesterstuk", and German "Meisterstück". It is a consummate example of skill or excellence, as in an [[art]].

Some masterpieces reach outstanding high prices. They embellish the walls of [[museum]]s and places of private collectors.
</center>

<big><big><big>Selected Masterpieces</big></big></big>

 
<center>

[[File:Loutherbourg The Falls of the Rhine at Schaffhausen 1788.jpg]]

[[Philippe De Loutherbourg]], The Falls of the Rhine at Schaffhausen, 1788,

 

[[File:Cole Landscape Scene from the Last of the Mohicans.jpg|500px]]

[[Thomas Cole]], Landscape Scene from the Last of the Mohicans, 1827.

</center>
 

[[File:Rousseau Mont-Saint-Michel 1832.jpg|thumb|left|330px]]

[[Theodore Rousseau]], Mont-Saint-Michel, 1832.

[[File:Boulanger Rehersal the Flute Player.jpg|thumb|340px|[[Gustave Boulanger]], A Performance of The Flute Player..., 1861.]]

{{Clear}}

[[File:Velázquez La rendición de Breda 1635.jpg|thumb|center|380px|[[Diego Velázquez]], La Rendición de Breda, 1635.]]

:::: [[File:Ivan Shishkin, Autumn Forest 1876.jpg|thumb|left|350px|Ivan Shishkin, Autumn Forest 1876.]]
[[File:Murillo - Adoration of the Magi.jpg|thumb|center|260px|[[Bartolomé Esteban Murillo]], Adoration of the Magi, ca. 1655-1660.]]

----

<center>
Masterpieces at the Detroit Institute of Arts with greatest value.

<gallery>
File:Henri Matisse The Window 1916.jpg|[[Henri Matisse]], The Window, 1916. Estimated value: $150 million.
File:Breugel The Wedding Dance ca 1566.jpg|[[Pieter Bruegel the Elder]], The Wedding Dance, ca. 1566. Estimated value: $100 million.
Image:Church Cotopaxi.jpg|[[Frederic Edwin Church]], Cotopaxi. Estimated value: $70 million.
File:Van Gogh Self Portrait 1887.jpg|[[Vincent van Gogh]], Self Portrait, 1887. Estimated value: $60 million.
</gallery>

 

A masterpiece at the Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid.

[[File:Giambattista Tiepolo, The Immaculate Conception, 1767 - 1769.jpg]]

[[Giovanni Battista Tiepolo|Giambattista Tiepolo]], The Immaculate Conception, 1767 - 1769.
</center>

== See also ==
[[File:Antonio Canova Cupids Kiss Hermitage.jpg|thumb|280px|[[Antonio Canova]], Cupids Kiss [[State Hermitage Museum|Hermitage]].]]
*[[Painting Masterpieces]]
*[[Painting Schools]]
*[[Painting]]
*[[World famous paintings]]
*[[Painting Galleries]]

[[File:Willem Kalf Still life with silver jug 1634-1693 WC PD.jpg|thumb|left|270px|Willem Kalf, Still life with silver jug, ca. 1655-1657.]]
[[File:Renoir, Jardin de la rue Cortot, 1876.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Renoir]], Jardin de la rue Cortot, 1876.]]

[[File:The Rooks Have Come Back was painted by Alexei Savrasov 1871.jpg|center|thumb|240px|The Rooks Have Come Back by Alexei Savrasov, 1871.]]
{{clear}}
[[File:Fragonard Jeroboam Offering Sacrifice for the Idol 1752.jpg|thumb|center|370px|[[Jean-Honoré Fragonard]], Jeroboam Offering Sacrifice for the Idol, 1752.]]
{{Clear}}

== External links ==
[[File:Pierre Dupuis Nature morte aux prunes et aux abricots XVII.jpg|thumb|280px|Pierre Dupuis, Nature morte aux prunes et aux abricots, XVII.]]
*[http://www.wetcanvas.com/ArtSchool/Hagan/what_makes_a_masterpiece.htm WHAT MAKES A MASTERPIECE?]
*[https://www.museodelprado.es/en/visit-the-museum/15-masterpieces 15 Masterpieces.] Museo Nacional del Prado.

[[File:Fragonard Blind Man s Bluff 1773-1776.jpg|thumb|left|[[Jean-Honoré Fragonard]], Blind Man's Bluff, 1773-1776.]]
[[File:Joseph von Fuhrich, Waldesruh, 1835.jpg|thumb|left|Joseph von Führich, Waldesruh, 1835.]]
[[File:Giorgione - The Tempest.jpg|thumb|center|270px|Giorgione, The Tempest, ca. 1507- 1508.]]
{{Clear}}

----

<center>
<big style="color:#005">

''' CONSERVAPEDIA MASTERPIECES GALLERY '''
</big>

</center>

----

* [[MASTERPIECES Archive 2008|MASTERPIECES Archive 2007-2008]]

----
 

{{Clear}}
----
<center>
<big><big>''MAKING ART WITH ART''</big></big>
</center>
----
[[Category:Artistic Movements]]
[[Category:Painting]]
[[Category:Dictionary]]

File:Delacroix Frightened Horse.jpg

2015-04-28T15:00:48Z

JMR10:

Eugene Delacroix, Horse Frightened by a Storm, (The horse played a special role in the art of Delacroix in the 1820s. This was so because while preparing the monumental oil painting, Massacre at Chios (1824), he realised he needed a thorough knowledge of the
anatomy of horse if he was to paint historical scenes.) [https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/asset-viewer/horse-frightened-by-lightning/cQHYDnvp2jwJwQ?hl=en]

1824,

watercolor and gouache,

Dimensions: 23.6 × 32 cm (9.3 × 12.6 in),

Current location: Museum of Fine Arts (Budapest)

[[Public domain]]

French Still Life Painting

2015-04-28T14:41:44Z

JMR10: /* See also */

'''French [[Still life|Still Life]] Painting'''

<big><big><big>''Petite'' Gallery</big></big></big>

<center>
<gallery widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Pierre Dupuis Nature morte aux prunes et aux abricots XVII.jpg|Nature morte aux prunes et aux abricots by Pierre Dupuis.
File:Lubin Baugin 1612–1663 La nature morte, dite Le Dessert de gaufrette.jpg|Le Dessert de Gaufrette by Lubin Baugin.
File:Chardin Fish still life.jpg|[[Still life|Still Life]] with Fish, Vegetables, Gougères, Pots, and Cruets on a Table by Jean Baptiste Chardin.
File:Delacroix Nature morte aux homards 1826 1827.jpg|Nature morte aux homards by [[Eugene Delacroix]].
File:Pissarro Still Life.jpg|Still Life by [[Camille Pissarro]].
File:Edouard Manet Lilacs in a vase 1882.jpg|Lilacs in a vase by [[Edouard Manet]].
File:Manet Moss Roses in a Vase 1882.jpg|Moss Roses in a Vase by [[Edouard Manet]].
File:Edouard Manet Flowers in a Crystal Vase c 1882.jpg|Flowers in a Crystal Vase by Edouard Manet.
File:Still Life by Henri Fantin-Latour, 1866.jpg|Still Life by Henri Fantin-Latour.
File:Still Life - The Engagement by Henri Fantin-Latour 1869.jpg|Still Life - The Engagement by Henri Fantin-Latour.
Image:Cézanne Vase of Flowers.jpg|Vase of Flowers by [[Paul Cézanne]]
Image:Cézanne Still Life with Fruit.jpg|Still Life with Fruit by [[Paul Cézanne]].
File:Cezanne Pommes et Serviette 1879 1880.jpg|Pommes et Serviette by [[Paul Cézanne]].
File:Monet Still Life with Flowers and Fruit 1869.jpg|Still Life with Flowers and Fruit by [[Claude Monet]].
File:Monet Apples and Grapes 1880.jpg|Apples and Grapes by [[Claude Monet]].
File:Bazille Fleurs 1869 - 1870.JPG|Fleurs by [[Jean-Frédéric Bazille]].
Image:Renoir Flowers in a Vase.jpg|Flowers in a Vase by [[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]]
File:Gustave Caillebotte Roses jaunes dans un vase 1882.jpg|Roses jaunes dans un vase by Gustave Caillebotte.
File:Gauguin Bouquet.jpg|Bouquet by [[Paul Gauguin]].
File:Gauguin Bouquet of Flowers.jpg|Bouquet of Flowers by [[Paul Gauguin]].
File:Pierre Bonnard. Poppies. 1914.jpg|Poppies by [[Pierre Bonnard]].
File:Henri Matisse The Window 1916.jpg|The Window by [[Henri Matisse]].
File:Leger Still Life with a Beer Mug 1921.jpg|Still Life with a Beer Mug by [[Fernand Leger]].
File:Braque Still Life Le Jour 1929.jpg|Still Life Le Jour by [[Georges Braque]].
File:Raoul Dufy Anemones 1937.jpg|Anemones by [[Raoul Dufy]].

</gallery>

[[Image:Cézanne Still Life with Flowers and Fruit.jpg|thumb|center|500px|Still Life with Flowers and Fruit by [[Paul Cézanne]].]]

[[File:Still Life Fruit by Gustave Courbet, ca.1871-1872.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Still Life Fruit by [[Gustave Courbet]], ca. 1871-1872.]]
[[File:Renoir Crown of Roses ca. 1858.jpg|thumb|center|300px|[[Renoir]], Crown of Roses, ca. 1858.]]

[[File:Matisse Blue Still Life.jpg|frame|[[Henri Matisse]], Blue Still Life, 1907.]]

[[File:Matisse, Vase of Sunflowers, 1898.jpg|thumb|300px|center|[[Henri Matisse]], Vase of Sunflowers, 1898.]]

{{Clear}}

 
<big>By [[Henri Fantin Latour|Henri Fantin-Latour]]</big>
<gallery perrow="5">
File:Dahlias by Henri Fantin-Latour 1872.jpg|Dahlias, 1872.
File:Fairy Roses by Henri Fantin-Latour, 1874.jpg|Fairy Roses, 1874.
File:Chrysanthemums by Henri Fantin-Latour, 1875.jpg|Chrysanthemums, 1875.
File:Spring Flowers by Henri Fantin-Latour, 1879.jpg|Spring Flowers, 1879.
File:Basket of Dahlias by Henri Fantin-Latour, 1893.jpg|Basket of Dahlias, 1893.
</gallery>
</center>

 

== See also ==
[[File:Basket of Flowers by Eugène Delacroix, 1848–49.jpg|thumb|Basket of Flowers by [[Eugene Delacroix|Eugène Delacroix]], 1848–49.]]
*[[Famous French Art Museums]]
*[[French Landscape Painting]]

 
{{Clear}}
<center>
----

<big><big>''MAKING ART WITH ART''</big></big>
</center>
----

[[Category:Painting]]

French Still Life Painting

2015-04-28T14:40:40Z

JMR10: /* See also */

'''French [[Still life|Still Life]] Painting'''

<big><big><big>''Petite'' Gallery</big></big></big>

<center>
<gallery widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Pierre Dupuis Nature morte aux prunes et aux abricots XVII.jpg|Nature morte aux prunes et aux abricots by Pierre Dupuis.
File:Lubin Baugin 1612–1663 La nature morte, dite Le Dessert de gaufrette.jpg|Le Dessert de Gaufrette by Lubin Baugin.
File:Chardin Fish still life.jpg|[[Still life|Still Life]] with Fish, Vegetables, Gougères, Pots, and Cruets on a Table by Jean Baptiste Chardin.
File:Delacroix Nature morte aux homards 1826 1827.jpg|Nature morte aux homards by [[Eugene Delacroix]].
File:Pissarro Still Life.jpg|Still Life by [[Camille Pissarro]].
File:Edouard Manet Lilacs in a vase 1882.jpg|Lilacs in a vase by [[Edouard Manet]].
File:Manet Moss Roses in a Vase 1882.jpg|Moss Roses in a Vase by [[Edouard Manet]].
File:Edouard Manet Flowers in a Crystal Vase c 1882.jpg|Flowers in a Crystal Vase by Edouard Manet.
File:Still Life by Henri Fantin-Latour, 1866.jpg|Still Life by Henri Fantin-Latour.
File:Still Life - The Engagement by Henri Fantin-Latour 1869.jpg|Still Life - The Engagement by Henri Fantin-Latour.
Image:Cézanne Vase of Flowers.jpg|Vase of Flowers by [[Paul Cézanne]]
Image:Cézanne Still Life with Fruit.jpg|Still Life with Fruit by [[Paul Cézanne]].
File:Cezanne Pommes et Serviette 1879 1880.jpg|Pommes et Serviette by [[Paul Cézanne]].
File:Monet Still Life with Flowers and Fruit 1869.jpg|Still Life with Flowers and Fruit by [[Claude Monet]].
File:Monet Apples and Grapes 1880.jpg|Apples and Grapes by [[Claude Monet]].
File:Bazille Fleurs 1869 - 1870.JPG|Fleurs by [[Jean-Frédéric Bazille]].
Image:Renoir Flowers in a Vase.jpg|Flowers in a Vase by [[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]]
File:Gustave Caillebotte Roses jaunes dans un vase 1882.jpg|Roses jaunes dans un vase by Gustave Caillebotte.
File:Gauguin Bouquet.jpg|Bouquet by [[Paul Gauguin]].
File:Gauguin Bouquet of Flowers.jpg|Bouquet of Flowers by [[Paul Gauguin]].
File:Pierre Bonnard. Poppies. 1914.jpg|Poppies by [[Pierre Bonnard]].
File:Henri Matisse The Window 1916.jpg|The Window by [[Henri Matisse]].
File:Leger Still Life with a Beer Mug 1921.jpg|Still Life with a Beer Mug by [[Fernand Leger]].
File:Braque Still Life Le Jour 1929.jpg|Still Life Le Jour by [[Georges Braque]].
File:Raoul Dufy Anemones 1937.jpg|Anemones by [[Raoul Dufy]].

</gallery>

[[Image:Cézanne Still Life with Flowers and Fruit.jpg|thumb|center|500px|Still Life with Flowers and Fruit by [[Paul Cézanne]].]]

[[File:Still Life Fruit by Gustave Courbet, ca.1871-1872.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Still Life Fruit by [[Gustave Courbet]], ca. 1871-1872.]]
[[File:Renoir Crown of Roses ca. 1858.jpg|thumb|center|300px|[[Renoir]], Crown of Roses, ca. 1858.]]

[[File:Matisse Blue Still Life.jpg|frame|[[Henri Matisse]], Blue Still Life, 1907.]]

[[File:Matisse, Vase of Sunflowers, 1898.jpg|thumb|300px|center|[[Henri Matisse]], Vase of Sunflowers, 1898.]]

{{Clear}}

 
<big>By [[Henri Fantin Latour|Henri Fantin-Latour]]</big>
<gallery perrow="5">
File:Dahlias by Henri Fantin-Latour 1872.jpg|Dahlias, 1872.
File:Fairy Roses by Henri Fantin-Latour, 1874.jpg|Fairy Roses, 1874.
File:Chrysanthemums by Henri Fantin-Latour, 1875.jpg|Chrysanthemums, 1875.
File:Spring Flowers by Henri Fantin-Latour, 1879.jpg|Spring Flowers, 1879.
File:Basket of Dahlias by Henri Fantin-Latour, 1893.jpg|Basket of Dahlias, 1893.
</gallery>
</center>

 

== See also ==
[[File:Basket of Flowers by Eugène Delacroix, 1848–49.jpg|thumb|Basket of Flowers by Eugène Delacroix, 1848–49.]]
*[[Famous French Art Museums]]
*[[French Landscape Painting]]

 
{{Clear}}
<center>
----

<big><big>''MAKING ART WITH ART''</big></big>
</center>
----

[[Category:Painting]]

File:Basket of Flowers by Eugène Delacroix, 1848–49.jpg

2015-04-28T14:38:24Z

JMR10: Protected "File:Basket of Flowers by Eugène Delacroix, 1848–49.jpg" ([edit=sysop] (indefinite) [move=sysop] (indefinite) [upload=sysop] (indefinite))

Basket of Flowers by Eugène Delacroix,

1848–49;

oil on canvas, 107.3 × 142.2 cm.

in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City.

Photograph by Katie Chao. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City, bequest of Miss Adelaide Milton de Groot (1876–1967), 1967 (67.187.60)

[[Public domain]]

Source:

Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Web. 28 Apr. 2015.

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/156259/Eugene-Delacroix/images-videos/142595/delacroix-eugene-embasket-of-flowersem

File:Basket of Flowers by Eugène Delacroix, 1848–49.jpg

2015-04-28T14:38:07Z

JMR10: Basket of Flowers by Eugène Delacroix, 1848–49; oil on canvas, 107.3 × 142.2 cm. in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City. Photograph by Katie Chao. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City, bequest of Miss Adelaide Milton de Groot

File:Delacroix Frightened Horse.jpg

2015-04-28T14:26:08Z

JMR10:

Eugene Delacroix, Horse Frightened by a Storm,

1824,

watercolor and gouache,

Dimensions: 23.6 × 32 cm (9.3 × 12.6 in),

Current location: Museum of Fine Arts (Budapest)

[[Public domain]]

File:Delacroix Frightened Horse.jpg

2015-04-28T14:17:49Z

JMR10:

Eugene Delacroix, Frightened Horse.

1824,

watercolor and gouache,

Dimensions: 23.6 × 32 cm (9.3 × 12.6 in),

Current location: Museum of Fine Arts (Budapest)

[[Public domain]]

File:Chateau Versailles Galerie des Glaces.jpg

2015-04-25T23:23:13Z

JMR10: Protected "File:Chateau Versailles Galerie des Glaces.jpg" ([edit=sysop] (indefinite) [move=sysop] (indefinite) [upload=sysop] (indefinite))

Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles, Versailles, France.

2011.

Author: Myrabella.

[[Fair use]]

Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chateau_Versailles_Galerie_des_Glaces.jpg

Tiziano Vicellio

2015-04-14T04:17:36Z

JMR10:

[[Image:Titian.jpg|left|]]
[[Image:Tiziano - Salome.jpg|thumb|Salomé con la testa del Battista, ca. 1515.]]
[[File:Titian, Venus and Adonis, ca 1542.jpg|thumb|Venus and Adonis, ca. 1542.]]
'''Tiziano Vicelli''' (1477-1576) better known as '''Titian''', was an Italian [[Painting|painter]] with an unprecedented use of color and loose brushwork, evident in his stunning masterpiece [http://www.conservapedia.com/Image:Titian_The_Assumption_of_the_Virgin.jpg The Assumption of the Virgin].

''In 1510 Titian received his first important commission to produce some frescoes in the Scuola del Santo in Padua dedicated the life of St. Anthony of Padua... In 1513 he opened his own workshop. In 1516 Titian was commissioned to paint a new work for the high altar in the Franciscan church of Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari in Venice, the Assumption of the Virgin (Assunta) (1516-1518), which was destined to become the milestone in the history of Venetian High Renaissance. This altarpiece made Titian the most celebrated painter in Venice. The 1520s - 1540s were the years when Titian created his best [[portraits]]. ''A Knight of Malta'' (c.1510-1515), ''Young Man with Cap and Gloves'' (c.1512-1515), ''Man with a Glove'' (c.1520-1522), etc. In 1538 Titian created another masterpiece ''Venus of Urbino''. One of his late works are ''Allegory of Time Governed by Prudence'' (c. 1565) and ''Penitent St. Mary Magdalene'' (1565), '' [http://www.abcgallery.com/T/titian/titianbio.html Biography at Olga's Gallery]

Titian as [[Raphael]] had come to value the exploration of the color above all other aspects of painting.

 
<center>[[File:Tiziano El Rapto de Europa 1562.jpg|350px]]

The Rape of Europa, 1562.
</center>

== See also ==
[[Image:Titian-red cap.jpg|thumb|right|[[Portrait]] of a Man in a Red Cap.]]
*[[Gallery of Italian Masterpieces]]
*[[Painting Masterpieces]]
*[[Painting Schools]]
*[[Masterpiece]]
*[[Historical Painting]]
*[[World Famous Painters]]

[[Image:Titian Gypsy Madonna.jpg|thumb|left|Gypsy Madonna]]

<center>
[[File:Titian Mary Magdalene.jpg|center]]

Penitent Magdalene, ca. 1565.
</center>

{{DEFAULTSORT: Vicelli, Tiziano}}

[[Category:Italian Painters]]

Italian Painting

2015-04-14T04:17:05Z

JMR10:

[[File:Michelangelo Creation of the Heavens 1508-12.jpg|thumb|Michelangelo, Creation of the Heavens, 1508-12, [[Sistine Chapel]].]]
[[File:Titian, Venus and Adonis, ca 1542.jpg|thumb|Venus and Adonis by Tiziano Vicellio, ca. 1542.]]
'''Italian painting''' is one of the most important in world history. Works of [[art]] produced in this geographic region are brilliant. ''Italian art has engendered great public interest and involvement, resulting in the consistent production of monumental and spectacular works.'' [http://education.yahoo.com/reference/encyclopedia/entry/Ital-art] Several of the greatest [[Painting Masterpieces|masterpieces]] have been made by Italian artists.

Main exponents of Italian painting are: [[Duccio di Buoninsegna]], [[Giotto di Bondone]], [[Fra Angelico]], [[Piero della Francesca]], [[Sandro Botticelli]], [[Pietro Perugino]], [[Leonardo da Vinci]], [[Vittore Carpaccio]], [[Michelangelo]], [[Tiziano Vicellio]], [[Raphael]], [[Tintoretto]], [[Paolo Veronese]], [[Annibale Carracci]], [[Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio]], [[Domenico Zampieri]], [[Carlino Dolci]], [[Antonio Canaletto]] and [[Amedeo Modigliani]].

<blockquote>
In the fifteenth century, artists learned to depict the visual world in a naturalistic manner... However, to view the art of the [[Renaissance]] as a mere conquest of naturalistic representation would overlook the complexity of the period. Carlo Crivelli painted sumptuous altarpieces in a boldly ornamental manner, and Cosimo Tura frequently departed from logical, naturalistic norms in favor of an energetic idiom with an eccentric elegance. [[Portraiture]] flourished during the Renaissance, and the Venetians, foremost among them Giorgione and Bellini, excelled in their depictions of pastoral [[landscape]]. [https://www.nga.gov/collection/gallery/ita15.htm]
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
The leading lights of the 18th cent. came from Venice. Among them were the brilliant exponent of the rococo style, Tiepolo; the architectural painters Guardi, Canaletto, Piazzetta, and Bellotto. Fantastic landscape was brought into vogue in the works of Castiglione and Magnasco, both of whom worked in Naples. [http://education.yahoo.com/reference/encyclopedia/entry/Ital-art]
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
During the 19th century Italian artists responded to movements such as [[Romanticism]] and [[Realism]], but with little originality... The main artists were Giovanni Fattori (1825–1908), Silvestro Lega (1826–1895), and Telemaco Signorini (1835–1901), main exponents of a group known as ''Macchiaioli'' (''patchers''). [http://www.talktalk.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0016565.html]
</blockquote>

In the 20th century, Lucio Fontana, founded the ''Spazialismo'' (style in which matter should be transformed into energy in order to invade space in a dynamic form), and Giorgio de Chirico founded the ''scuola metafisica art movement'', which profoundly influenced the [[surrealism|surrealists]].

Italian painting is studied in periods like: The Medieval, the [[Renaissance]], [[Mannerism]], Venetian Painting, the [[Baroque]] Period, the [[Rococo]] Period, and Modern painting.

<center>
<gallery perrow="5">
File:Keys to Peter - Perugino.jpg|The Giving of the Keys to Saint Peter [[Pietro Perugino]]
Image:Last supper.jpg|Last Supper [[Leonardo da Vinci]]
Image:Raphael St. George.jpg|St. George [[Raphael]]
File:Jacopo by Tintoretto, 1571.jpg|Il doge Sebastiano Venier by [[Tintoretto]], 1571.
Image:Caravaggio. The Cardsharps.JPG|The Cardsharps [[Caravaggio]]
</gallery>

[[File:Carpaccio Christus in Emmaus.jpg|thumb|center|400px|[[Vittore Carpaccio]], Christus in Emmaus.]]
</center>
{{Clear}}

== See also ==

[[File:Bruno Ceccobelli Mondo Tonto, Sondo. 1990.Jpeg|thumb|Bruno Ceccobelli, Mondo Tonto, Sondo, 1990.]]
*[[Gallery of Italian Masterpieces]]
*[[Bible Art Gallery]]
*[[Middle Ages Painting]]
*[[Most Popular Paintings in Conservapedia]]
[[File:Andrea del Verrocchio Baptism of Christ ca 1475.jpg|thumb|left|[[Andrea del Verrocchio]], Baptism of Christ, ca. 1475.]]
[[File:Lucio Fontana Concept - Spatiale.jpg|thumb|center|Lucio Fontana, Concept - Spatiale 1964.]]

{{Clear}}

== External links ==
[[File:Novella Parigini Natura morta.jpg|thumb|Novella Parigini, Natura morta.]]
*[http://www.museodelprado.es/en/the-collection/painting/italian-painting/ Italian painting.]
*[http://www.staatsgalerie.de/malereiundplastik_e/ita_intro.php Italian Painting 1300–1800.]
*[http://art9to5.blogspot.mx/2012/08/american-artists-in-italy.html American Artists in Italy.]
*[http://www.conservapedia.com/File:The_Decent_of_the_Holy_Ghost_upon_the_Most_Holy_Mary_and_the_Apostles.jpg Italian painting.] The [[State Hermitage Museum]].

[[File:Giorgio de Chirico Still Life with Silver Ware 1962.jpg|thumb|left|Giorgio de Chirico, Still Life with Silver Ware, 1962.]]
[[File:Proclamazione della Repubblica sassarese - Giuseppe Sciuti, 1880.png|thumb|center|450px|Proclamazione della Repubblica Sassarese - Giuseppe Sciuti, 1880.]]
[[Category: Painting]]

Tiziano Vicellio

2015-04-14T04:12:56Z

JMR10:

[[Image:Titian.jpg|left|]]
[[Image:Tiziano - Salome.jpg|thumb|Salomé con la testa del Battista, ca. 1515.]]
[[File:Titian, Venus and Adonis, ca 1542.jpg|thumb|Venus and Adonis, ca 1542.]]
'''Tiziano Vicelli''' (1477-1576) better known as '''Titian''', was an Italian [[Painting|painter]] with an unprecedented use of color and loose brushwork, evident in his stunning masterpiece [http://www.conservapedia.com/Image:Titian_The_Assumption_of_the_Virgin.jpg The Assumption of the Virgin].

''In 1510 Titian received his first important commission to produce some frescoes in the Scuola del Santo in Padua dedicated the life of St. Anthony of Padua... In 1513 he opened his own workshop. In 1516 Titian was commissioned to paint a new work for the high altar in the Franciscan church of Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari in Venice, the Assumption of the Virgin (Assunta) (1516-1518), which was destined to become the milestone in the history of Venetian High Renaissance. This altarpiece made Titian the most celebrated painter in Venice. The 1520s - 1540s were the years when Titian created his best [[portraits]]. ''A Knight of Malta'' (c.1510-1515), ''Young Man with Cap and Gloves'' (c.1512-1515), ''Man with a Glove'' (c.1520-1522), etc. In 1538 Titian created another masterpiece ''Venus of Urbino''. One of his late works are ''Allegory of Time Governed by Prudence'' (c. 1565) and ''Penitent St. Mary Magdalene'' (1565), '' [http://www.abcgallery.com/T/titian/titianbio.html Biography at Olga's Gallery]

Titian as [[Raphael]] had come to value the exploration of the color above all other aspects of painting.

 
<center>[[File:Tiziano El Rapto de Europa 1562.jpg|350px]]

The Rape of Europa, 1562.
</center>

== See also ==
[[Image:Titian-red cap.jpg|thumb|right|[[Portrait]] of a Man in a Red Cap.]]
*[[Gallery of Italian Masterpieces]]
*[[Painting Masterpieces]]
*[[Painting Schools]]
*[[Masterpiece]]
*[[Historical Painting]]
*[[World Famous Painters]]

[[Image:Titian Gypsy Madonna.jpg|thumb|left|Gypsy Madonna]]

<center>
[[File:Titian Mary Magdalene.jpg|center]]

Penitent Magdalene, ca. 1565.
</center>

{{DEFAULTSORT: Vicelli, Tiziano}}

[[Category:Italian Painters]]

File:Titian, Venus and Adonis, ca 1542.jpg

2015-04-14T04:10:43Z

JMR10: Protected "File:Titian, Venus and Adonis, ca 1542.jpg" ([edit=sysop] (indefinite) [move=sysop] (indefinite) [upload=sysop] (indefinite))

by Tiziano (1490–1576),

Venus and Adonis,

1542-1546,

oil on canvas, 175,5 cm. x 198 cm.

Private Moscow collection.

[[Public domain]]

Source:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Venus_and_Adonis,_Titian.jpg

Art Museum Links

2015-04-03T03:21:54Z

JMR10: /* External links */

<center>
<big><big><big>'''Art Museums Around The World'''</big></big></big>
</center>

<big><big>Links to official homepages of Museums and Galleries</big></big>

It is considered that the most important art [[museum]]s are: [http://www.louvre.fr/en/homepage Musee du Louvre], Paris, France, [http://www.museivaticani.va/3_EN/pages/MV_Home.html Vatican Museums], Vatican City, Rome, Italy, [http://www.metmuseum.org/ Metropolitan Museum of Art], New York, New York, [http://www.getty.edu/art/ J. Paul Getty Center], Los Angeles, California, [http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/home.html Musee d'Orsay], Paris, France, [http://www.uffizi.firenze.it/en/index.php Uffizi Gallery], Florence, Italy, [http://www.artic.edu/ Art Institute of Chicago], Chicago, Illinois, Tate Modern, London, England (part of the [http://www.tate.org.uk/ Tate group]), [https://www.museodelprado.es/ Prado Museum], Madrid, Spain, and the [http://www.nga.gov/content/ngaweb.html National Gallery of Art], Washington, D.C. [http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/02/29/us-travel-picks-museums-idUSSP17187820080229]
[[File:Amsterdam Rijksmuseum.jpg|thumb|370px|Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.]]
[[File:Samuel Palmer A Dream in the Appenine c 1864 Tate Britain.jpg|thumb|Samuel Palmer, A Dream in the Appenine, ca. 1864, at Tate Britain.]]
[[File:Rembrandt Christ In The Storm On The Sea Of Galilee.jpg|thumb|[[Rembrandt]], Christ In The Storm On The Sea Of Galilee; In 1990, this painting was robbed from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum.]]
[[File:Boulanger Rehersal the Flute Player.jpg|thumb|Gustave Boulanger, A Performance of The Flute Player..., 1861, at The Chateau De Versailles.]]

Also important are
(alphabetical index):

* [http://www.pinakothek.de/en/alte-pinakothek Alte Pinakothek], [http://www.pinakothek.de/en/neue-pinakothek Neue Pinakothek] and [http://www.pinakothek.de/en/pinakothek-der-moderne Pinakothek der Moderne], Munich.
* [https://www.britishmuseum.org/ British Museum], London.
* [http://www.buehrle.ch/index.php?lang=en Buehrle Collection], Zurich.
* [http://www.centrepompidou.fr/en Centre Pompidou], Paris.
* [http://en.chateauversailles.fr/homepage Chateau De Versailles], France. (there [http://www.museehistoiredefrance.fr/index.php?option=com_musee&cid=3&view=detail Le Musée de l’Histoire de France.])
* [http://www.clarkart.edu/ Clark Art Institute] Williamstown, Massachusetts.
* [http://www.clevelandart.org/ Cleveland Museum of Fine Art].
* [http://www.corcoran.org/home Corcoran Gallery of Art], Washington, DC.
* [http://www.courtauld.ac.uk/index.shtml Courtauld Institute of Art], London.
* [http://www.dia.org/ Detroit Institute of Arts.]
* [https://www.famsf.org/ Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco].
* [http://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/ Fitzwilliam Museum], Cambridge, UK.
* [http://www.frick.org/ Frick Collection], New York, NY.
* [http://www.galleriaborghese.it/borghese/en/edefault.htm Galleria Borghese], Rome.
* [http://www.smb.museum/museen-und-einrichtungen/gemaeldegalerie/home.html Gemaldegalerie - Berlin].
* [http://www.akademiegalerie.at/ Gemäldegalerie der Akademie der bildenden Künste Wien.], Vienna.
* [http://www.guggenheim.org/ Guggenheim Museum], New York.
* [http://www.gardnermuseum.org/home Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum.] Boston, MA.
* [http://www.khm.at/ Kunsthistorisches Museum.] Viena.
* [http://www.lacma.org/ Los Angeles County Museum Of Art].
* [http://www.landesmuseum.li/ Liechtenstein National Museum].
* [http://www.museoreinasofia.es/ Museo Reina Sofia], Madrid.
* [http://www.musee-orangerie.fr/ Musée de l’Orangerie], Paris.
* [http://museefabre.montpellier-agglo.com/ Musée Fabre], Montpellier, France.
* [http://www.mfa.org/ Museum of Fine Arts], Boston, MA.
* [http://www.szepmuveszeti.hu/main Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest].
* [http://www.mfah.org/ Museum of Fine Arts], Houston.
* [http://www.moma.org/ Museum of Modern Art], New York.
* [http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/ National Gallery], London.
* [http://www.smb.museum/en/home.html National Gallery, Berlin], part of the Berlin State Museums.
* [http://www.smk.dk/en/ National Gallery of Denmark].
* [http://www.npg.org.uk/ National Portrait Gallery], London.
* [http://www.nortonsimon.org/ Norton Simon Museum], Pasadena, CA.
* [http://www.belvedere.at/de Österreichische Galerie Belvedere], Vienna.
* [http://petitpalais.paris.fr/en Petit Palais, City of Paris Fine Art Museum.]
* [http://www.museumsinflorence.com/musei/Pitti_palace.html Pitti Palace], Florence.
* [https://www.philamuseum.org/ Philadelphia Museum Of Art].
* [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/ Rijksmuseum], Amsterdam.
* [http://americanart.si.edu/ Smithsonian American Art Museum], Washington, DC.
* [http://www.slam.org/ St. Louis Art Museum].
* [http://www.nmwa.go.jp/en/index.html The National Museum of Western Art], Tokyo.
* [http://www.hermitagemuseum.org/ The State Hermitage Museum], St. Petersburg, Russia.
* [http://www.tretyakovgallery.ru/en/ The State Tretyakov Gallery], Moscow.
* [http://www.museothyssen.org/en/thyssen/home Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum of Art], Madrid.
* [http://www.vangoghmuseum.nl/vgm/index.jsp?lang=en Van Gogh Museum], Amsterdam.
* [http://www.vam.ac.uk/ Victoria & Albert Museum], London.
* [http://www.thewadsworth.org/ Wadsworth Aetheneum], Hartford, Connecticut.
* [http://www.worcesterart.org/ Worcester Museum], MA.
{{Clear}}

<center>

[[File:Madrazo, The Death of Viriatus, King of the Lusitan, c. 1807.jpg]]

José de Madrazo y Agudo, The Death of Viriatus, King of the Lusitan, c. 1807, Museo del Prado.

'''3 Highlight paintings at The National Gallery, London.'''

<gallery>
File:Lorrain Embarque de Santa Úrsula.jpg|[[Claude Lorrain]], Embarkation of Saint Ursula, 1641.
File:Constable The Haywain.jpg|[[John Constable]], The Haywain, 1821.
File:Turner Temeraire.jpg|[[William Turner]], The Fighting Temeraire, 1839.
</gallery>

'''[[Jacques-Louis David]] at the [[Louvre]].'''

<gallery>
File:David OathHoratti.jpg|Oath of the Horatii, 1784.
File:David The Death of Socrates.jpg|The Death of [[Socrates]], 1787.
File:Recamier David g.jpg|Portrait of Madame Récamier, 1800.
File:David. Consecration of the Emperor Napoleon I.jpg|Consecration of the Emperor [[Napoleon]] I, 1805-1807.
</gallery>
</center>

== External links ==
[[File:Dr. Atl Vista del Popocatepetl 1934.jpg|thumb|Dr. Atl, Vista del Popocatépetl, 1934, Colección Andrés Blaisten.]]
*[http://www.moray.gov.uk/moray_standard/page_617.html Museums Links on the Internet.]
*[http://www.incredibleart.org/links/museums.html Incredible Art Museums.]
*[http://www.incredibleart.org/links/galleries.html Incredible Art Galleries.]
*[http://www.saatchigallery.com/museums/ ART MUSEUMS AROUND THE WORLD.]
*[http://www.artcyclopedia.com/museums.html Art Museums Worldwide.]
*[http://www.exploringabroad.com/museums World Museums.]

[[Category:Museums]]

Art Museum Links

2015-04-03T03:13:07Z

JMR10: /* External links */

<center>
<big><big><big>'''Art Museums Around The World'''</big></big></big>
</center>

<big><big>Links to official homepages of Museums and Galleries</big></big>

It is considered that the most important art [[museum]]s are: [http://www.louvre.fr/en/homepage Musee du Louvre], Paris, France, [http://www.museivaticani.va/3_EN/pages/MV_Home.html Vatican Museums], Vatican City, Rome, Italy, [http://www.metmuseum.org/ Metropolitan Museum of Art], New York, New York, [http://www.getty.edu/art/ J. Paul Getty Center], Los Angeles, California, [http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/home.html Musee d'Orsay], Paris, France, [http://www.uffizi.firenze.it/en/index.php Uffizi Gallery], Florence, Italy, [http://www.artic.edu/ Art Institute of Chicago], Chicago, Illinois, Tate Modern, London, England (part of the [http://www.tate.org.uk/ Tate group]), [https://www.museodelprado.es/ Prado Museum], Madrid, Spain, and the [http://www.nga.gov/content/ngaweb.html National Gallery of Art], Washington, D.C. [http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/02/29/us-travel-picks-museums-idUSSP17187820080229]
[[File:Amsterdam Rijksmuseum.jpg|thumb|370px|Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.]]
[[File:Samuel Palmer A Dream in the Appenine c 1864 Tate Britain.jpg|thumb|Samuel Palmer, A Dream in the Appenine, ca. 1864, at Tate Britain.]]
[[File:Rembrandt Christ In The Storm On The Sea Of Galilee.jpg|thumb|[[Rembrandt]], Christ In The Storm On The Sea Of Galilee; In 1990, this painting was robbed from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum.]]
[[File:Boulanger Rehersal the Flute Player.jpg|thumb|Gustave Boulanger, A Performance of The Flute Player..., 1861, at The Chateau De Versailles.]]

Also important are
(alphabetical index):

* [http://www.pinakothek.de/en/alte-pinakothek Alte Pinakothek], [http://www.pinakothek.de/en/neue-pinakothek Neue Pinakothek] and [http://www.pinakothek.de/en/pinakothek-der-moderne Pinakothek der Moderne], Munich.
* [https://www.britishmuseum.org/ British Museum], London.
* [http://www.buehrle.ch/index.php?lang=en Buehrle Collection], Zurich.
* [http://www.centrepompidou.fr/en Centre Pompidou], Paris.
* [http://en.chateauversailles.fr/homepage Chateau De Versailles], France. (there [http://www.museehistoiredefrance.fr/index.php?option=com_musee&cid=3&view=detail Le Musée de l’Histoire de France.])
* [http://www.clarkart.edu/ Clark Art Institute] Williamstown, Massachusetts.
* [http://www.clevelandart.org/ Cleveland Museum of Fine Art].
* [http://www.corcoran.org/home Corcoran Gallery of Art], Washington, DC.
* [http://www.courtauld.ac.uk/index.shtml Courtauld Institute of Art], London.
* [http://www.dia.org/ Detroit Institute of Arts.]
* [https://www.famsf.org/ Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco].
* [http://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/ Fitzwilliam Museum], Cambridge, UK.
* [http://www.frick.org/ Frick Collection], New York, NY.
* [http://www.galleriaborghese.it/borghese/en/edefault.htm Galleria Borghese], Rome.
* [http://www.smb.museum/museen-und-einrichtungen/gemaeldegalerie/home.html Gemaldegalerie - Berlin].
* [http://www.akademiegalerie.at/ Gemäldegalerie der Akademie der bildenden Künste Wien.], Vienna.
* [http://www.guggenheim.org/ Guggenheim Museum], New York.
* [http://www.gardnermuseum.org/home Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum.] Boston, MA.
* [http://www.khm.at/ Kunsthistorisches Museum.] Viena.
* [http://www.lacma.org/ Los Angeles County Museum Of Art].
* [http://www.landesmuseum.li/ Liechtenstein National Museum].
* [http://www.museoreinasofia.es/ Museo Reina Sofia], Madrid.
* [http://www.musee-orangerie.fr/ Musée de l’Orangerie], Paris.
* [http://museefabre.montpellier-agglo.com/ Musée Fabre], Montpellier, France.
* [http://www.mfa.org/ Museum of Fine Arts], Boston, MA.
* [http://www.szepmuveszeti.hu/main Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest].
* [http://www.mfah.org/ Museum of Fine Arts], Houston.
* [http://www.moma.org/ Museum of Modern Art], New York.
* [http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/ National Gallery], London.
* [http://www.smb.museum/en/home.html National Gallery, Berlin], part of the Berlin State Museums.
* [http://www.smk.dk/en/ National Gallery of Denmark].
* [http://www.npg.org.uk/ National Portrait Gallery], London.
* [http://www.nortonsimon.org/ Norton Simon Museum], Pasadena, CA.
* [http://www.belvedere.at/de Österreichische Galerie Belvedere], Vienna.
* [http://petitpalais.paris.fr/en Petit Palais, City of Paris Fine Art Museum.]
* [http://www.museumsinflorence.com/musei/Pitti_palace.html Pitti Palace], Florence.
* [https://www.philamuseum.org/ Philadelphia Museum Of Art].
* [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/ Rijksmuseum], Amsterdam.
* [http://americanart.si.edu/ Smithsonian American Art Museum], Washington, DC.
* [http://www.slam.org/ St. Louis Art Museum].
* [http://www.nmwa.go.jp/en/index.html The National Museum of Western Art], Tokyo.
* [http://www.hermitagemuseum.org/ The State Hermitage Museum], St. Petersburg, Russia.
* [http://www.tretyakovgallery.ru/en/ The State Tretyakov Gallery], Moscow.
* [http://www.museothyssen.org/en/thyssen/home Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum of Art], Madrid.
* [http://www.vangoghmuseum.nl/vgm/index.jsp?lang=en Van Gogh Museum], Amsterdam.
* [http://www.vam.ac.uk/ Victoria & Albert Museum], London.
* [http://www.thewadsworth.org/ Wadsworth Aetheneum], Hartford, Connecticut.
* [http://www.worcesterart.org/ Worcester Museum], MA.
{{Clear}}

<center>

[[File:Madrazo, The Death of Viriatus, King of the Lusitan, c. 1807.jpg]]

José de Madrazo y Agudo, The Death of Viriatus, King of the Lusitan, c. 1807, Museo del Prado.

'''3 Highlight paintings at The National Gallery, London.'''

<gallery>
File:Lorrain Embarque de Santa Úrsula.jpg|[[Claude Lorrain]], Embarkation of Saint Ursula, 1641.
File:Constable The Haywain.jpg|[[John Constable]], The Haywain, 1821.
File:Turner Temeraire.jpg|[[William Turner]], The Fighting Temeraire, 1839.
</gallery>

'''[[Jacques-Louis David]] at the [[Louvre]].'''

<gallery>
File:David OathHoratti.jpg|Oath of the Horatii, 1784.
File:David The Death of Socrates.jpg|The Death of [[Socrates]], 1787.
File:Recamier David g.jpg|Portrait of Madame Récamier, 1800.
File:David. Consecration of the Emperor Napoleon I.jpg|Consecration of the Emperor [[Napoleon]] I, 1805-1807.
</gallery>
</center>

== External links ==

*[http://www.moray.gov.uk/moray_standard/page_617.html Museums Links on the Internet.]
*[http://www.incredibleart.org/links/museums.html Incredible Art Museums.]
*[http://www.incredibleart.org/links/galleries.html Incredible Art Galleries.]
*[http://www.saatchigallery.com/museums/ ART MUSEUMS AROUND THE WORLD.]
*[http://www.artcyclopedia.com/museums.html Art Museums Worldwide.]
*[http://www.exploringabroad.com/museums World Museums.]

[[Category:Museums]]

File:Matisse Still Life with Geraniums.jpg

2015-03-01T17:42:09Z

JMR10:

[[Henri Matisse]]

'''Still Life with Geraniums''',

1910,

Pinakothek der Moderne, Munich, Germany.

This image is in the [[public domain]] in the United States.

Source:

Wikimedia Commons.

Emergency links

2015-02-13T23:04:55Z

JMR10: /* See Also */

<big><big>'''Emergency links'''
</big></big>
<center>
<big>'''(DIAL 911 - Know your local emergency number)'''</big>
</center>

*[http://www.medicinenet.com/first_aid/index.htm First Aid Center.]
*[http://www.guideline.gov/browse/by-topic.aspx Guidelines by Topic.] U.S. National Library of Medicine.
*[http://www.redcross.org/ American Red Cross.]
*[http://www.cdc.gov/ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.]
*[http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/ National Hurricane Center.] Miami, Florida, USA.
*[http://ptwc.weather.gov/ Pacific Tsunami Warning Center.]
*[http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Maps/region/N_America.php North America Region.] Latest Earthquakes.
*[http://www.intellicast.com/National/Precipitation/Daily.aspx US Daily Precipitation.]
*[http://www.intellicast.com/National/Default.aspx US Current Precipitation.]
*[http://www.intellicast.com/National/Temperature/HighToday.aspx US High Temperatures Today.]
*[http://www.intellicast.com/Travel/Weather/Snow/Forecast.aspx US 48-Hour Snow Forecast.]
*[http://www.intellicast.com/Health/Default.aspx US Health Center.]
*[http://www.intellicast.com/Local/Default.aspx?country=United%20States US Local Weather.]
*[http://aviationweather.gov/ US Aviation Weather Center.]
*[http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/ US National Ocean Service.]
*[http://www.nnvl.noaa.gov/ NOAA Environmental Visualization Laboratory (EVL).]
*[http://www.spc.noaa.gov/ US Storm Prediction Center.] Norman, OK, USA. '''Tornado and severe weather watches'''.
*[http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/fire_wx/overview.html Fire Weather Outlooks.] Fire Weather Forecast.
*[http://www.fema.gov/ US Federal Emergency Management Agency.]
*[http://www.floodsmart.gov/floodsmart/ Flood Smart.]
*[http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/ US Geological Survey] Earthquakes.
*[http://www.geonet.org.nz/earthquake/ New Zealand Geological data]
*[http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=53173 Tornado Safety.]

[[File:Tsunami Wave Height Pacific.jpg|400px|center]]

== Kids zone ==
*[http://www.firesafetyforkids.org/fire-safety-rules.html 10 Fire Safety Rules.]
*[http://www.k12.nf.ca/catalina/Firesafety/rules.html Fire Safety Rules.]
*[http://www.education.com/reference/article/kindergarten-keeping-your-child-safe/ Kindergarten: Keeping Your Child Safe.]
*[http://www.lawtonpd.com/kids/kidmenu.htm Kids Safety.]
*[http://www.safeny.com/kids.htm Kids Traffic Safety.]

== Education ==
*[http://www.fema.gov/plan/index.shtm Plan & Prepare.] Federal Emergency Management Agency.
*[http://www.ehs.iastate.edu/publications/manuals/fireguide.pdf Fire guide.]
*[http://www.education.com/reference/article/homebound-hazards/ Homebound Hazards.]
*[http://www.education.com/topic/child-emergency-aid/ Emergency First Aid.]
*[http://www.smokeybear.com/ Smokey the Bear website.] From the US Forest Service.
*[http://www.nrahq.org/education/guide.asp NRA Gun Safety Rules.]
*[http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/heartdiseases.html Heart Diseases.]
*[http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/diabetescomplications.html Diabetes Complications.]

== Emergency numbers==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Country/region
| Number
| Purpose
|-
| Australia
| 000 (112 from mobile phones)
| All emergencies
|-
| EU
| 112
| All emergencies
|-
| UK, Ireland
| 999 (112 also works)
| All emergencies
|-
| Hong Kong, Malaysia
| 999
| All emergencies
|-
| Singapore
| 112
| Police
|-
| Singapore
| 115
| Fire and Ambulance
|}

== See also ==
* [[Preparedness]] for [[threats]] and emergencies
* [[Radiation safety]] - [[Nuclear war]]
* [[Fire Safety]] and [[Firefighting]]

==Bibliography - Further Reading==
* [[Boston T. Party|Party, Boston T.]], ''[[Boston's Gun Bible]]''. [[Wyoming]] [[American Redoubt]] [[Javelin Press]], 2009 revision to 2002 edition, 848 pages, ISBN-10: 1888766069, ISBN-13: 978-1888766066. Conservatives know that during an emergency or [[threats|threat]] "you are on your own" ([[YOYO]]). This book explains [[home security]] and [[self-defense]] to help you better [[preparedness|prepare]] for emergencies before they happen.

* [[James Wesley Rawles|Rawles, James Wesley]], ''[[How to Survive the End of the World As We Know It]] - Tactics, Techniques, and Technologies for Uncertain Times''', [[New York City|New York]]: [[Plume]]/[[Penguin Books]], 2009. Released September 30, 2009, 336 pages, ISBN-10: 0452295831, ISBN-13: 978-0452295834, [https://www.audible.com/pd/Self-Development/How-to-Survive-the-End-of-the-World-as-We-Know-It-Audiobook/B002ZEQI9Q [[Audible.com]] Audio book], [https://www.amazon.com/How-Survive-End-World-Know/dp/0452295831 Amazon.com Paperback]. This comprehensive reference covers all aspect of [[prepping|preparing]] for emergencies.

* [[James Wesley Rawles|Rawles, James Wesley]], ''Tools for Survival: What You Need to [[Survive]] When You’re on Your Own''. [[New York City|New York]]: [[Plume]]/[[Penguin Books]], 2015. Released December 30, 2014, 368 pages, ISBN-10: 0452298121, ISBN-13: 978-0452298125, [https://www.amazon.com/review/R2CUQ89CXOYB48 Reviews], [https://www.audible.com/pd/Self-Development/Tools-for-Survival-Audiobook/B00QFUC7BE [[Audible.com]] Audio book], [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0452298121 [[Amazon.com]] Paperback]. This detailed reference covers all of the [[tool]]s one needs to be prepared for any emergency, especially [[fire]]s, fire prevention and fire fighting before the fire department arrives.

* [[Mel Tappan|Tappan, Mel]], ''[[Survival Guns]]''. [[Boulder]], [[Colorado]]: [[Paladin Press]], Released November 1, 2009. 480 pages. ISBN-10: 1581607199, ISBN-13: 978-1581607192. [https://www.amazon.com/Survival-Guns-Mel-Tappan/dp/1581607199] Amazon.com Paperback]. A classic text to help in being ready for emergencies.

== External links ==
* [http://survivalblog.com/links/ [[The Survival Blog]] [[Emergency]] [[Preparedness]] Links]
* [http://www.facebook.com/FEMA?sk=app_6009294086 Federal Emergency Management Agency] On Facebook.
* [http://www.eham.net/articles/7176 Recommendations for Emergency Preparedness.]
* [http://www.the911site.com/ The 9-1-1 site.]

{{Template:Preparedness topics}}

[[Category : Emergency Services]]
[[Category : Safety]]
[[Category : Survivalism]]

Islam

2015-02-08T15:17:28Z

JMR10: /* Theology */

[[Image:Quran.jpg|thumb|right|Pages from the [[Koran]], the holy book of the Islam.]]
'''Islam''' is a major world religion based on the teachings of [[Muhammad]], a seventh century [[Arab]]. Muhammad claimed descent from [[Ishmael]], the son of [[Abraham]]. Muhammad claimed to have received revelations from Allah via the archangel Gabriel, which were written in the [[Koran]] - thus forming the core teachings of Islam.

==Overview==
[[File:World Muslim Population Pew Forum.png|thumb|The Muslim population of the world map according to the Pew Forum 2009 report.]]
The word "Islam" means "submission" (to [[Allah]]) in [[Arabic language|Arabic]]. Islam as originally designed in the Koran presents itself as an Abrahamic faith and has [[Moses]] in it<ref>Brannon Wheeler. Moses in the Koran and Islamic Exegesis. Routledge, 2002.</ref> as well as [[Jesus]] as a prophet in Islam,<ref>Muhammad Ata ur-Rahim, Ahmad Thomson. ''Jesus: Prophet of Islam''. TTQ, INC., 2003.</ref> but not as God's son.

<blockquote>
The world’s Muslim population is expected to increase by about 35% in the next 20 years, rising from 1.6 billion in 2010 to 2.2 billion by 2030, according to new population projections by the Pew Research Center’s Forum on Religion & Public Life... In the United States, for example, the population projections show the number of Muslims more than doubling over the next two decades, rising from 2.6 million in 2010 to 6.2 million in 2030. <ref>[http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/ The Future of the Global Muslim Population.] </ref>
</blockquote>

Islam has been criticized for some time, due to its demanding of strict submissiveness especially of women, and its predisposition to being violent suspicious of other faiths and attacking other faiths deemed a threat to Islam, as a result there have been over 23,000 terrorist attacks committed by extremist Muslims since 2001.<ref>http://www.thereligionofpeace.com/</ref> A more recent strain of Islam has combined European totalitarianism and a virulent anti-Semiticism. This version is called [[Jihadism]], [[Islamism]], radical Islam or militant Islam. Without the historic institution of the Caliph, this form degenerates into terrorist stateless activity that strikes at the heart of civilized man. Moderate Muslims have denounced the Jihadist terrorists and believe that mainstream Islam has become corrupted over the years that there needs to be an [[Islamic Reformation]] similar to that of the [[Protestant Reformation]].<ref>Michaelle Browers, Charles Kurzman. An Islamic Reformation? Lexington Books, 2004.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.danielpipes.org/954/distinguishing-between-islam-and-islamism|title=Distinguishing between Islam and Islamism|author=Daniel Pipes|date=June 30, 1998}}</ref>
[[Image:Mecca.jpg|thumb|left|[[Mecca]], one of the holy cities of Islam.]]
There are small groups of largely Westernized Muslims who publicly reject Islamism. Such moderate Muslim conservatives are in the [[Republican Party]], known as the [[Muslim Republicans]].<ref>http://www.muslimrepublicans.net/</ref> One of America's Founding Fathers, [[Thomas Jefferson]], who was a religious [[libertarian]], declared: "''freedom for the Jew and the Gentile, the Christian and the Mohammedan, the Hindu and infidel of every denomination''."<ref>John A. Garraty, Story of America Beginnings to 1877, (1992) Holt, Rinehart and Winston, pg 706.</ref>

Issues of Islam have arisen in the 2012 U.S. presidential campaign. Republican presidential candidate [[Mitt Romney]] has said that: "''Radical, violent Islamists pose a threat to Americans and others around the world.''" and that "''they take a very different view of Islam than the Muslims I know.''" Romney has said that when he lived in Detroit he knew Muslims, as Detroit has a large Muslim population, and says "''They are peace-loving and America-loving individuals. I believe that very sincerely. I believe people of the Islamic faith do not have to subscribe to the idea of radical, violent jihadism.''<ref>http://www.muslimrepublicans.net/</ref> Former Republican presidential nominee candidate [[Ron Paul]], a libertarian conservative, says that America should not fear Islam and said that America should just embrace people of all faiths.<ref>http://www.muslimrepublicans.net/</ref> American conservative author Margaret Hoover believes that the Republican Party needs to recognize Muslim Republicans, noting an example of Muslim Republican youth Suhail Khan who she describes as "''one of thousands of Muslim Americans who work to promote Christian-Muslim understanding''".<ref>Margaret Hoover, ''American Individualism: How a New Generation of Conservatives Can Save the Republican Party'', Random House Digital, Inc., 2011, pg 202.</ref> Candidates for the Republican nomination like [[Newt Gingrich]] and [[Rick Santorum]] strongly criticized Islamic extremism.<ref>http://www.muslimrepublicans.net/</ref>

[[Multiculturalism|Multiculturalists]] ignore or minimize violence in the history of Islam and exaggerate Christian atrocities to advance a [[moral equivalence]]. Proponents of this view often cite the [[Crusades|Great Crusades]]--an unsuccessful attempt by Western Christians to retake parts of the [[Byzantine Empire]] that had been conquered by Islamic armies--and various religious wars which were later fought in Europe between branches of Christianity. However, they brand critics of Islamism “racists” and “[[Islamophobia|Islamophobes]]” for exposing today’s threats by [[jihadism|jihadists]].<ref>http://www.bcbsr.com/topics/charity.html</ref>

A follower of Islam is called a "[[Muslim]]" or "Moslem", a term which means "one who submits (to Allah)". The older terms "Mohammedan" and "Muhammedan" ("follower of Muhammad"), have fallen out of use.<ref> Additional archaic terms for Muslims include "Hagarene", and "Saracen". Saracen as a term for Muslims was limited to the Crusade era, although it makes frequent re-appearances in pre-modern polemics. Hagarene was a more common term in pre-modern works, as it denotes the biblical connection of Hagar the mother of Ishmael who is reported as the patriarch of Islam. Additional names for Muslims in pre-modern and Medieval works are generally derived from misspellings.</ref>

==Theology==
[[File:Kaaba.jpg|thumb|Masjid al-Haram, the holiest site in Islam.]]

There are no clergy, but there are religious teachers, or [[Imam]]s, who have their followings. All Muslims are supposed to follow the teachings of Muhammad, whom they believe to be Allah's ('''الله''' in [[Arabic]]) last and greatest [[prophet]]. The teachings of Muhammad are transmitted through the [[Koran]], the Hadith, and the Sunnah. The Sunnah is a general term for "the life and doings of the Prophet", which all Muslims are called on to replicate. The faith teaches that the Archangel [[Gabriel]] appeared to Muhammad in a cave reciting verbatim a revelation from Allah. The first word that Gabriel says to Muhammad is "Iqra" or "Recite/Proclaim",which is found in the 96th Sura of the Koran.

Muslims believe that God revealed the Koran to Muhammad. The key miracle of Islam comes from the historical condition of the illiterate and uneducated Muhammad, as the Koran is composed in an erudite and complex form of Arabic prose and poetry<ref>Proclaim! (or read!) in the name of thy Lord and Cherisher, Who created- Created man, out of a (mere) clot of congealed blood: Proclaim! And thy Lord is Most Bountiful,- He Who taught (the use of) the pen,- Taught man that which he knew not.(Surah 96:1-5)</ref>. The Koran was not written down in a systematic fashion until a decade after Muhammad died, preferable transmission being through oral recitation. The Koran is considered by muslims to be the pure and holy word of God, uncreated and eternal. In Islamic theology the term uncreated is very important, as it implies that there is no author for the Koran, only the delivering of the word to Muhammad who delivered it to the Sahab and the Salaf (The Companions and the Pure), who delivered it to the scribe delegated to record it in the reign of the Caliph Uthman bin Affan.

==Origins==
Like Christianity and Judaism, Islam originated in the Middle East. Islam claims to trace its roots back to Abraham through his son Ishmael. Muslims do not believe that Muhammad was the founder of Islam, rather that he restored the original faith of Abraham and the prophets that followed as recorded in the lost books of the Tawrat and Injil.

Based upon this belief, the [[Bible]], both the [[Old Testament|Old]] and [[New Testament]]s, is believed to have become corrupted through the [[Bible translations|translations and misinterpretations]] accumulated over several millenia. The criticism of the [[Torah]] centers around the reconstruction of the existing Biblical text required after the "[[Babylon]]ian captivity". The criticism of the New Testament centers in the many disputed gnostic texts which contradict the orthodox biblical canon. Interestingly, Islamic jurisprudence accepts that the Injil was complete and whole up until the revelation of Muhammad. Therefore there is some inconsistency in the claims made against the New Testament. For more information, see [[The Bible versus the Qur'an|The Bible versus the Koran]].

==Today==
Islam is the world's second largest religion, with over 1.6 billion followers, and the fastest growing religion in America.<ref>[http://endoftheamericandream.com/archives/the-fastest-growing-religion-in-america-is-islam]</ref> This rapid growth is mainly due to conversions, high birth rates, and redefinitions of the term 'Muslim'. Conversions to Christianity (from ''any'' faith or lack thereof) outnumber those to Islam, but cannot keep up with the birthrate discrepancy.<ref>[http://www.bible.ca/global-religion-statistics-world-christian-encyclopedia.htm World Christian Encyclopedia]</ref>
<ref>[http://www.orthodoxytoday.org/articles6/AlJazeerahAfrica.php Translation of AL-Jazeerah interview between Maher Abdallah and Shiekh Ahmed Katani]</ref>

[[Indonesia]] has the largest Muslim population in the world.

==Historical Background==
According to Islamic belief, in approximately 610 A.D., [[Muhammad]], a 40-year-old merchant of the Quraysh tribe in [[Mecca]], located in the Hijaz (now eastern [[Saudi Arabia]]), was commanded by the angel [[Gabriel]] (or Jibreel) to "recite" the message of Allah (The Muslim god). Gabriel said mankind had lost sight of Allah's previous messages to earlier prophets, [[Adam]], [[Noah]], [[Abraham]], [[Moses]], [[Solomon]], and [[Jesus]], among others, and that Muhammad was to spread Allah's message to all people so that mankind would know how to live, how to show respect for Allah, and how to prepare for the judgment day.
[[File:Islam750.jpg|right|thumb|Map of the expansion of Islam]]
The message to Muhammad was to be God's last and fullest revelation, a direct copy of the Umm Al Khitab, the mother of all books located in heaven next to God; Muhammad was the "seal of the prophets." Muhammad won some converts to Islam in his local area, but his [[monotheist]] preaching threatened to undermine the profitable [[polytheist]] pilgrim traffic supporting many Meccan merchants. In 622 A.D., the merchants drove Muhammad and his followers out of Mecca to the city of Yathrib (later renamed [[Medina]], or the city - as in the city of the prophet). This flight (hijra) from Mecca to Medina marks the beginning of the Muslim lunar calendar, and is celebrated each year in the Hajj, the pilgrimage to Mecca.

Muhammad's forces, composed of the sahaba (companions) from Mecca ,and the Ansar (allied tribes from Yathrib) started attacking the trade caravans going in and out of Mecca, cutting off its economic lifeline. After a series of battles between the Meccans and Muhammad's forces, Mecca finally accepted Muhammad's ultimatum to succumb and convert to Islam. The city welcomed the prophet back in 630. Muhammad died in 632.

Tribal elders in a traditional council called the "Shura" elected [[Abu Bakr]] to be Muhammad's successor, or [[Caliph]] (Khalifa). Abu Bakr united the tribes of the Arabian peninsula during his two years as head of the new faith. Upon his death, the elders elected [[Umar ibn al-Khattab]] the next Caliph. During Umar's ten year reign, Islam invaded and spread through conquest and negotiation into [[Egypt]], [[Syria]], [[Palestine]], [[Iraq]], and parts of [[Iran]]. Umar was assassinated by a Persian (modern day Iran) in 644, and was succeeded by [[Uthman ibn Affan]], who continued the invasions to spread Islam into [[North Africa]], [[Cyprus]], the rest of Iran, [[Afghanistan]], and parts of [[India]] and [[Pakistan]]. Over the next two centuries, Islamic armies continued to expanded Islam's empire into sub-Saharan Africa, [[Spain]], South-east and Central Asia, and [[Turkey]].

The Muslim armies conquered and superseded the ancient Sassanid and Byzantine empires which had ruled before. Within a generation of Muhammad's death Muslim armies occupied an empire stretching from the Nile river to the far off Iranian province of khorasan. Reasons for the rapid conquest are varied and obscure. The Arab armies were more akin to tribal war bands raiding and settling where and when they could. The Byzantine and Sassanid empires had been at war for centuries. The constant simmering conflict between Constantinople and Persia reached a climax in the early 7th century. The Sassanids conquered briefly Egypt and the Levant threatening the central Byzantine heartland of Anatolia. Under the military reforms of the emperor Heraclius, the Byzantine army consolidated and counter attacked, recapturing all that they had lost and capturing the Sassanian capital of Ctesiphon in 628.

This brief end of the Roman-Persian wars disrupted the frontier areas which had predicated their economies on raiding and mercenary activities. Two major areas in Arabia were directly affected. The Lackmid tribe and the Gassanid tribe both acted as mercenaries for the Persians and Romans. The official religion of both tribes analogically mirrored that of their overseers. Monophysite Christianity was common, particularly of the Jacobite sect. The death of Muhammad and the subsequent Ridda wars occupied these warrior tribes until the reign of Caliph Umar. Additionally, there was great religious unrest in the levant and Egypt. These areas resented the ruinous taxes and the harsh orthodoxy imposed by the emperor in Constantinople.

The same climate was present in the Sassanid realm with the rise of the dualism of the Manicheans. Under the Caliph Umar ,the Arab tribes which had concluded the infighting following the death of Muhammad were allowed to raid into the Byzantine and Sassanid fronteirs. The weakened state of both regimes from both military and economic exhaustion and religious unrest made them fertile picking grounds for the tribal warbands. The Arabs were chiefly successful in holding these areas in that they upheld a lightweight regime of low taxes based in the Islamic laws and distant government. Rather than employing an army of bureaucrats and nobility, the early Arab empire was more favorable towards maintaining the existing government structures under the leadership of Arab tribes. In this atmosphere it is hardly surprising to note the reports from both Muslim and Christian sources of peaceful capitulation and invitation of the invading forces.

[[File:Madina Haram at evening .jpg|center|800px|thumb|Al-Masjid al-Nabawi (the Mosque of the Prophet) in [[Medina]], [[Saudi Arabia]], the site of [[Muhammad|Muhammad's]] tomb.]]

==Divisions within Islam==
Uthman was assassinated in 656 A.D. by soldiers who then installed Ali ibn Abu Talib, Muhammad's son-in-law, as [[Caliph]]. Ali's followers believed Muhammad had chosen Ali to be Muhammad's heir, and had disagreed with the selections of Abu Bakr, Umar, and Uthman as Caliphs. Ali's claim to the position was challenged by Muawiyah, a kinsman of the murdered Uthman. Five years later, Ali was assassinated by Kharjites, religious dissidents who broke away from the main body of Muslims because they rejected Ali's accepting arbitration to resolve his leadership dispute with Muawiyah. Ali's supporters, or the Shiah al-Ali (or Shiat Ali, partisans of Ali) believed that Ali was the true Caliph and was, in part, divinely inspired. Ali's sons, Hassan and Husayn followed as [[Shia]] Caliphs, Hassan dying in 669 or 670 A.D., possibly by poisoning, and Husayn slain by soldiers of his rival, the [[Sunni]] Caliph Yazid, in 680 A.D.

The Shia Muslim community has divided further as followers coalesced around several of Ali's descendants or successors, called [[Imam]]s. The "twelvers," predominant in Iran, believe the twelfth Imam is in hiding and will reveal himself just before judgement day. Ismailis rejected the seventh Imam and practice a spirituality that seeks hidden meaning in scripture. Ismailis ruled much of [[North Africa]] as the [[Fatimid Dynasty]] of [[Egypt]] in the tenth through the twelfth centuries, and today are found primarily in [[Pakistan]], [[Afghanistan]], and [[India]]. The Sunni majority reject the premise that men can be divine, including Muhammad, Ali, or Jesus, and did not accept any of the Imams who followed Ali. Sunnis remain more committed to traditions and less inclined to accept Shia mysticism. Today, about 15% of the world's Muslims are Shia and 85% are orthodox Sunni.

There are other factions within Islam. Sufis, a name possibly derived from the wool garments they wear, developed around mystical practices and trance-induced revelations. Sufis are found today in [[Turkey]], [[Syria]], and parts of [[Africa]]. Other movements have taken reform tracks, such as the Unitarians of [[Saudi Arabia]], also called [[Wahhabi]]s after their 18th century reformist founder Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab. The conservative Wahhabis are found today in Saudi Arabia and [[Qatar]]. Today the Wahhabi line has a tendency to produce extremists, such as [[Osama Bin Laden]]. Some critics would argue that the [[Taliban]] of Afghanistan took conservative reform to an extreme. Other sects or break-away groups include, among others, the Alawis found in Syria and Turkey, the [[Druze]] in Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and Israel, the Ibadhis (Kharjites) in Oman and Africa, the Ahmadiya of Pakistan, and the Zaydis of Yemen.

==Religious Guidance==
During his lifetime, Muhammad's companions learned and later transcribed the verses (surrahs) of the Koran as Muhammad spoke them. In Islam, the teachings of Mohammed were believed to be direct divine revelation from God.

The third Caliph, Uthman, collected and codified the various versions of the surrahs into one written Koran that became the standard Arabic text used by the world's Muslims today. The Koran is longer than the Bible and written in general order of longest chapters to shortest rather than in any order of when they were spoken, sometimes making the work appear to be confusing. In all there are 114 chapters. Most of the later recorded sayings of Mohammed, which were also more warlike, actually appear earlier in the text. Present-day Muslims look first to the Koran as a guide to life, then to the [[Sunnah]], or the way of the Prophet (his life as an example for others) as recorded by his early companions, and then to the [[Hadith]], a collection of the Prophet's sayings, comments, advice, and descriptions.

Frequently, Muslims disagreed over how to interpret certain passages in the Qur'an, the Sunnah, or the Hadith in their search for the ideal life and perfect path to heaven. From these interpretations Sunni Muslims developed four schools of law, or interpretations of law, named after their founders or early leaders: the Hanbali, considered the most strict school and predominant today in Saudi Arabia; Shafi, the school of widest acceptance, found in Egypt, parts of Palestine-Syria, south Arabia, and the Far East; Maliki, prevalent in North Africa, Sudan, and Nigeria; and Hanafi, considered the most moderate school, predominant in Ottoman Turkey and today found primarily on the Levant and Indian subcontinent. Frequently, Muslim countries have two separate legal systems, one for civil, criminal, or commercial law, and a second, and separate, system for religious law. Religious courts and their judges (qadis) might handle issues dealing with marriage, divorce, child custody, inheritance, religious education, charitable or religious property (Waqf), or family matters. Among Middle Eastern countries, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen have Shariah courts serving alongside their secular courts or have adopted [[Sharia]]h (Islamic law) as the basis of their legal systems.

====Clergy====
Sunni Islam does not have a priesthood or clerical hierarchy to conduct religious services or interpret scripture, but it does have prayer leaders, called Imams, and religious scholars, called Ulama, who often are educated men familiar with the Koran and able to offer commentaries on Koranic verses. Sunni Muslims also respect the teachings and interpretations of scholars, judges, and academics who may interpret laws, write treatises on Sharia (religious law) or Hadith, and issue Fatwas, religious declarations intended to enlighten or guide Muslims.

Shia Islam has a hierarchy that resembles a priesthood. Mullahs are prayer leaders, but usually do not interpret religious law. Mujtahids are religious scholars who may interpret law or passages from the Koran or Hadith. The lower order of Mujtahids are called Hojjatolislam. Ayat Allah (literally sign of God, also Ayatollah) is a higher order of Mujtahid who may issue Fatwas, or religious edicts, in addition to leading Islamic schools, interpreting religious law and the Koran, and offering sermons or discourses on proper Islamic behavior.

===Five Pillars of Islam===
*'''Shahadah (Profession of Faith)''' -The Shahadah is the Muslim profession of faith. 'ašhadu 'al-lā ilāha illā-llāhu wa 'ašhadu 'anna muħammadan rasūlu-llāh, a loose English translation reads "''There is none worthy of worship except God, and [[Muhammad]] is the messenger of God''" This testament can be seen as the foundation of all of the other tenets of Islam.

*'''[[Salat]] (Ritual Prayer)''' -All Muslims are required to Pray to God five times each day while facing [[Mecca]].

*'''Zakat (Charity)''' Able Muslims must donate to the poor based on the wealth one has accumulated. In current usage it is interpreted as 2.5% of the value of most valuables and savings held for a full [[lunar year]].

*'''Sawm (Fasting)''' All able-bodied Muslims (children, pregnant women, the elderly, and the ill are exempt) must fast during daylight hours during the daylight hours of the entire month of [[Ramadan]]. According to Muslims, this purifies the body and soul. Some Muslim sects allow military, police and emergency services personnel to receive an exemption from fasting from an imam, on the grounds that their work supports the community or national good.

*'''Hajj (Pilgrimage)''' All able-bodied Muslims must make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their lives.

==Other Aspects of Islam==
====Jihad====
Jihad is the "effort" or "struggle" each Muslim faces in the everyday trials of life, such as the effort to get better grades in school, or the striving to achieve better results from a job, or the struggle to avoid sinful temptations. Jihad also can be applied to warfare; participating in jihad in Allah's cause was the third most important good deed listed in the Hadith, after prayer and honoring one's parents. Jihad often was a rallying cry for the military spread of Islam in the seventh through tenth centuries against non-Muslims.

====Osama bin Laden and Fundamentalists====
[[Osama bin Laden]], a follower of a particular brand of Islam popular in Saudi Arabia, has stated that Islam is at war with the United States and its allies. Some observers maintain that the number of Islam fundamentalists is growing and poses a threat to the West.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.danielpipes.org/255/islamic-fundamentalists-are-the-new-big-threat-to-the-west|title=Islamic Fundamentalists are the New Big Threat to the West|author=Daniel Pipes|newspaper=Philadelphia Inquirer|date=Sept 16, 1994}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.city-journal.org/html/rev2006-06-04td.html|title=All or Nothing: The quest for a moderate Islam may be futile.|date=June 4 2006|author=Theodore Dalrymple|newspaper=Cite Journal}}</ref> But other observers differentiate between conservative "fundamentalists" and the "extremists" who follow murderers such as bin Laden or other terrorists.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://townhall.com/columnists/dineshdsouza/2008/09/15/who_speaks_for_islam/page/full/|title=Who Speaks For Islam|author=Dinesh D'Souza|newspaper=Townhall|date=Sept 15, 2009}}</ref> In several major Islamic nations, bin Laden had the support of the majority of people in the early years after the 9/11 attacks. As he lost battles with the West and started to target fellow Muslims his popularity waned.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pewglobal.org/2012/04/30/on-anniversary-of-bin-ladens-death-little-backing-of-al-qaeda/|title=On Anniversary of bin Laden’s Death, Little Backing of al Qaeda|date=April 30, 2012|publisher=Pew Research Center}}</ref>

====People of the Book====
Christians and Jews are called "people of the Book" in the Koran and are considered earlier forerunners to Islam and viewed as brothers as long as they pay an extra tax when under Islamic rule. Islam, tracing its roots back to Abraham through his son Ishmael instead of Isaac as the Jews did, believes that they are the descendants of God's promise. Islam believes that both the Old and New Testament were corrupted and corrected by the Koran, but there is still an earlier link between the three religions. The view of Jews and Christians varied within different parts of the Koran and Islamic history. Much of current Islamic culture, even in places that were once very tolerant such as Egypt, has seen an upsurge in persecution and violence against Christians and Jews.

====Women in Islam====
[[File:Muslim girls at Istiqlal Mosque Jakarta Indonesia.jpg|left|thumb|240px|Muslim girls at Istiqlal [[Mosque]], Jakarta.]]
In pre-Islamic times women's rights were defined by tribal laws which differed amongst the tribes. Some women had absolute equity and the ability to hold power, while some women were treated worse than chattel; bride prices, unlimited polygamy, and female infanticide were a common theme. [[Sharia law|Islamic law]] offered a path for which Muslim men could regulate women in a legal system based on Muslim principles of jurisprudence on the Arabian peninsula. Treated merely as individual sex objects, women were granted very limited rights but as distinct legal individuals; forced to marry who their parents tell them to, women are required not to directly object in order for the marriage contract to have some form of validity.

Unlike the pre-Islamic times where unlimited polygamy occurred, [[Sharia law]] limits [[polygamy]] to a maximum of four wives at any one time, though the use of "temporary" marriage in effect rendered this restriction meaningless. Once married, only men are entitled to divorce any time they please. The reality of traditional Sharia law as applied in the modern era has shocked the modern conscience.<ref>Linda Rae Bennett, ''Women, Islam and Modernity'' (2005)</ref> These restrictions on women were put into place over a thousand years ago, and there has been little progress since. Women are still not allowed to drive a [[car]], they cannot ride [[bicycle]]s, are unable to [[vote]], have been prohibited from traveling abroad without permission, and they can't use public facilities when men are present.

[[File:Sharia.jpg|right|thumb|220px|Muslim woman tortured under Sharia law.]]
Women in Islam are treated as inferiors to men in almost every regard. In [[Sharia]], the testimony of one man equals that of five women. Women are required to cover the head and body in public, by wearing the hijab. Hijab is applied in different ways: a small scarf around the head and western street clothes may be acceptable in Cairo or Damascus but a full length opaque [[Burqa]] was enforced in Taliban Afghanistan. As of 2008, [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Iran]], and [[Pakistan]] are the most significant Middle Eastern countries where the government requires women to wear some form of restrictive garb, though cultural pressure in most Islamic countries offers women little choice but to submit to the dictat of hijab. Women who disgrace their family are put to death in "[[honor killing]]s"; buried halfway or sometimes up to their neck so they cannot run, women, who are in most cases victims, are stoned to death.

=====Islamic dress is a regular grounds for conflict in multicultural education=====

Treatment of women varies widely by country. In the Islamic state of Saudi Arabia women are forbidden from driving a car, traveling in public without their husband or a male family member as an escort, leaving their home without wearing Islamic dress, working or voting. Though not formally forbidden from owning property, they have no way of obtaining this as work is forbidden and only males are permitted to inherit - should a man die, his brothers, sons and father will all inherit before his wife. These restrictions are part of Sharia law and enforced by the police and a special Islamic office. Pakistan has similar restrictions, but to a lesser extent. In contrast, [[Turkey]] has a majority Muslim population and yet grants women some rights similar to those of men including property ownership, employment, and education to university level.

Muslim apologists suggest the extremely repressive policies of countries such as Saudi Arabia and Pakistan are cultural rather than religious, though these are the countries were traditional Islam is strongest. They point to the more moderate Islam practiced in Turkey as a demonstration that Islam and womens' rights are compatible, ignoring the efforts of traditionalists in Turkey to end the few freedoms women were granted by men.

Muslim women's status is controversial. Whilst Muslim men control and oppress Muslim women by compelling them to remain hidden behind the veil, sequestered in the home, and ignorant of the world by denying them access to education and worldly opportunities, Islamic apologists defend some practices. These men claim that many of the restrictions on women, such as the veil, are cultural traditions that pre-date Islam and are intended to protect women from predatory men. Unfortunately, such Muslim men ignore the fact that if a predatory man or group of rapists were to sexually assault a Muslim woman in Islam, she would be punished under Sharia law for "allowing" such an act to occur, and she would likely receive hundreds of lashes and years of jail time; the predatory man or men commonly go unpunished.

====Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem====
Muhammad's home city of Mecca was the site of his earliest preaching and conversions, and is the location of the Kaaba, traditionally held to be the foundation stone of the first mosque built by Adam and later restored by Abraham, and now the focus of the annual pilgrimage (hajj). Some historians suggest that the Kaaba, a black stone probably meteoric in origin, was venerated by pre-Islamic polytheistic religions.

At first, Jerusalem was Islam's holy city and the focus of prayers, but Mecca became the center of Islam after Muhammad's return in 630. Medina, because of its early association with Muhammad and as the site of Muhammad's tomb, is second in importance to Mecca. Jerusalem is revered by Muslims as the site of Solomon's temple, Abraham's near sacrifice of his son Ishmael, and the scene of Muhammad's miraculous midnight journey, the latter two now enshrined in the [[Dome of the Rock]] mosque. According to the Koran (Surrah 17:1, Isra) and Hadith, Muhammad and Gabriel were taken on winged mules from Mecca to Jerusalem, where they ascended through the seven heavens to the presence of Allah. During the visit, Muhammad learned, among other points, that Muslims were to pray five times each day and to honor Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and the other prophets.

====Abortion====
Muslims see [[abortion]] as ''haram'' (forbidden), but accept it if the life of mother is at risk.<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/islamethics/abortion_1.shtml</ref>

====Restrictions====
Observant Muslims are not supposed to eat pork and in general do not have dogs as pets; both swine and canines are considered unclean. Muslims can have dogs for safety. Muslims are prohibited from drinking alcoholic beverages, gambling, and from collecting interest on financial transactions.

===Female Genital Mutilation and Honour Killings===
FGM (also known as female circumcision) is mentioned in Hadith as an "honorable" condition for a woman, and act to carry out. It is a pre-Islamic tradition in parts of sub-Saharan Africa and the Arab world, though not in Coptic Egypt as some Islamic apologists claim. Female circumcision is not called for nor is it supported by the Koran.

Another pagan practice practice continued in Islamic countries is [[honor killing]], in which a brother, father, or uncle "restores" or "defends" a family's honor by killing the sister, daughter, or niece that "dishonored" the family through supposedly, "promiscuous" behaviour. This "promiscuous" activity often includes women from Islamic societies living in the West aspiring to a more open lifestyle. The "honor killing" is more ancient, and pagan in origin, but tolerated and practised more or less openly in some Muslim societies.

Some apologists might try to throw this away by putting down this verse:

<blockquote>
'Because of that, We decreed...that whoever kills a soul unless for a soul or for corruption [done] in the land - it is as if he had slain mankind entirely. And whoever saves one - it is as if he had saved mankind entirely. And our messengers had certainly come to them with clear proofs. Then indeed many of them, [even] after that, throughout the land, were transgressors.' -5:32. [http://quran.com/5/32].
</blockquote>

Notice the ellipses between decreed and that? I hope you did, and if you followed the link you would know that this was decreed to the Children of Israel, who would be the Jews. Now, how could this be a defense against honor killing in Islamic countries if this wasn't even given to Muslims? The answer lies in the very next verse:

<blockquote>
'Indeed, the penalty for those who wage war against Allah and His Messenger and strive upon earth [to cause] corruption is none but that they be killed or crucified or that their hands and feet be cut off from opposite sides or that they be exiled from the land. That is for them a disgrace in this world; and for them in the Hereafter is a great punishment, Except for those who return [repenting] before you apprehend them. And know that Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.' (5:33-34) [http://quran.com/5/33] [http://quran.com/5/34]
</blockquote>

So what we get from that, unlike the Jews where it is a blessing not to kill, for Muslims, it is a deed for Allah to kill those who have caused corruption. Among these that cause corruption could be your daughter, sister, or wife who is not wearing the headscarf, praying five times a day, not fasting in Ramadan, becoming too Westernized, et cetera, and thus honor killing would be justified. Of course if you look at the next verse, it says that you should be merciful to those who have repented -before you apprehend them. This implies that they will be terrorized, and then there self-preservation instinct will kick in and they will repent. But what about those who don't? What if your female relative doesn't believe that the headscarf is necessary while you do? And what if she still believes the same way after you apprehend her? You follow 5:33. As Muhammed himself proclaimed:

<blockquote>
I have been made victorious with terror.'
-Bukhari 4.52.220 [http://www.quranexplorer.com/Hadith/English/Hadith/bukhari/004.052.220.html].
</blockquote>

==Islam and Christianity==
''See also: [[Dhimma]]'' 
While Muslims do not believe Jesus to be the Son of God or in the Resurrection, they consider Him and His mother to be of God's most important prophets (Marian and Isa) otherwise known as Mary and Jesus. However, the Koran warns against worshipping Jesus, Muhammad, and other humans for fear of [[idolatry]].<ref>[http://www.ccg.org/_domain/ccg.org/Islam/Islam.htm Christian Churches of God Articles on Islam], March 10, 2007</ref>

The Koran states that non-believers will be punished, though the nature of the punishment is not specified (same as similar statements in the Bible and the Torah):

{{cquote|Surely, disbelievers are those who said:
'Allah is the third of the three (in a Trinity).' But there is no god but One, Allah.
And if they cease not from what they say, verily, a painful torment will befall the disbelievers among them.

Will they not repent to Allah and ask His Forgiveness? For Allah is Oft Forgiving, Most Merciful.

The Messiah , son of Mary, was no more than a Messenger; many were the Messengers that passed away before him. His mother was a Siddiqah (i.e. she believed in the words of God and His Books ).
They both used to eat food (as any other human eat).
Look how We make the signs clear to them, yet look how they are deluded away (from the truth)."
}}
::(Koran 5:73-75)

However, Islam does recognize Christians and Jews as "people of the book" since both refer to one God only, and recognize Abraham (Ibrahim in Arabic) as a founding prophet.

==Sharia==
[[Image:StarCresent.png|thumb|right|220px|The Star and Crescent is a symbol of Islam. It is featured in the national flag of [[Algeria]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Malaysia]], [[Tunisia]], [[Mauritania]], [[Pakistan]], and [[Turkey]], amongst others]]
[[Sharia]] is the body of Islamic law. The term means "way" or "path"; it is the legal framework within which public and some private aspects of life are regulated for those living in a legal system based on Muslim principles of jurisprudence. It is not actually part of the canonical Koran; that is to say, it is not believed to be the direct word of God by Muslims, but rather the interpretation of it.

Sharia deals with many aspects of day-to-day life, including politics, economics, banking, business law, contract law, sexuality, marriage, divorce, and social issues. Most Islamic scholars regard Sharia as the body of precedent and legal theory established during the early stages of the Islamic Empire, though a few scholars also believe contemporary legal cases can and should shape the law, though such thinkers may be subject to ridicule and even threats from Islamists.

Sharia law proscribes often brutal punishments for acts, that, in the western world, are relatively minor. For example, under sharia law, converting from Islam is punishable by death,<ref>[http://www.ntpi.org/html/whyoppose.html]</ref> whilst women found guilty of adultery is punishable by stoning to death, which often includes many rape victims, as Sharia courts often regard a rape victim as guilty of adultery unless she can provide four witnesses to the act of rape.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/6148590.stm</ref> In cases involving the death penalty of corporal punishment, methods of carrying out the punishment are often barbaric, and include public beheading, chopping off of the hand, and flogging.<ref>http://saudiwoman.wordpress.com/2009/08/25/punishment-in-saudi-arabia/</ref> Many Islamist groups have been attempting to have Shariah courts set up in European countries, initially to rule over civil cases between Muslims in Europe.<ref>http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,422661,00.html</ref>

==Terminology==
Additional archaic terms for Muslims include, but are not limited to, "Hagarene" and "Saracen." The term Hagarene was more common in post-crusade Europe as it made specific reference to the biblical mother of Ishmael. Ishmael in the Muslim faith plays an analogous theological role to Isaac. Muslims do not use it today to avoid confusing worship of [[Muhammad]] with worship of [[Allah]]<ref>Schimmel, (1992)</ref>

==Ex-Muslims==
[[Michelle Malkin]] highlights a group of Ex-Muslims hoping to change the terms of debate about Islam in Europe. Maryam Namazie, the head of the British group said "Too many things in the media and government policies have been geared to pandering to the political Islamic movements and Islamic organizations." <ref> [http://michellemalkin.com/2007/06/20/ex-muslims-stand-up-in-britain/ Ex-Muslims stand up in Britain]</ref> Ex-Muslims include Ibn Warraq, Wafa Sultan, Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Mark A. Gabriel, Walid Shoebat, and Mosab Hassan Yousef.

==Critics==
Most contemporary critics of Islam are either atheists or nominally religious: [[Ibn Warraq]] (author), [[Wafa Sultan]] (psychiatrist), [[Ayaan Hirsi Ali]] (author), [[Hugh Fitzgerald]] (of JihadWatch), [[Oriana Fallaci]] (author), [[Geert Wilders]] (politician), [[Sam Harris]] (author), [[Pamela Geller]] (blogger), [[Bill Maher]] (comedian) and the crowd at they Ayn Rand Institute. The notable exception is [[Robert Spencer]], who while a devout Catholic, criticizes Islam as a political ideology. Political critics include [[Herman Cain]], [[Rick Santorum]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news-press.com/article/20130323/NEWS0119/303230016/Santorum-delivers-warning-about-radical-Islam-during-Naples-appearance|title=Santorum delivers warning about radical Islam during Naples appearance|date=March 23, 2013|newspaper=Fort Meyers News Press|author=Lindsay Downey}}</ref>, [[David Horowitz]] (author) and [[Pat Robertson]] (preacher). Neither [[Ronald Reagan]] (who help mujahideen fight atheistic communists) nor [[George W. Bush]] (“Islam means peace”) saw Islam as the problem. Commentators note that the conservative response to fundamental Islam is a far cry from the complete and unequivocal condemnation of Communism during the heyday of the Cold War.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.liberty-and-culture.com/conservatives.html|title=The Conservative Response to the Islamic Threat.|author=Jason Pappas|date=Sept 5, 2004}}</ref> Dinesh D’Souza argues that Muslims are God-fearing conservatives.<ref>{{cite book|author=Dinesh D’Souza|title=The Enemy At Home|year=2007|publisher= Doubleday}}</ref>

<ref>''Some of the text for this article was taken from "Islam: A Primer", Congressional Research Service Report for Congress (2003), a work in the public domain'' [http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/islam.htm#back] </ref>

== See also ==
[[Image:Africa islam 87.jpg|thumb|Islam in Africa]]
*[[Arab American]]
*[[Islamic republic]]
*[[Islamophobia]]
*[[Qur'an]]
*[[Jihadism]], an extremist, take on Islam
*[[Ramadan]]
*[[In the midst of a Maelstrom: the Holy Spirit and silence: an essay]] encounter of Israeli Messianic Jew and Egyptian Muslim in Alexandria
*[[List of countries by number of Muslims]]
*[[Undercover Muslim]]
*[[Islamic worldviews]]
*[[Islamophilia]]

==Further reading==
* Armour, Rollin. ''Islam, Christianity, and the West: A Troubled History'' (2002) [http://www.amazon.com/Islam-Christianity-West-Troubled-History/dp/1570754071/ref=sr_1_32?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1259342713&sr=1-32 excerpt and text search]
* Armstrong, Karen. ''Islam: A Short History'' (2002) [http://www.amazon.com/Islam-History-Modern-Library-Chronicles/dp/081296618X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1259342302&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Berkey, Jonathan P. ''The Formation of Islam: Religion and Society in the Near East, 600-1800'' (2002) [http://www.amazon.com/Formation-Islam-Religion-Society-600-1800/dp/0521588138/ref=sr_1_27?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1259342713&sr=1-27 excerpt and text search]
* Campo, Juan Eduardo. ''Encyclopedia of Islam'' (2009), basic introduction
* Esposito, John J. ''The Oxford History of Islam'' (2000) [http://www.amazon.com/Oxford-History-Islam-John-Esposito/dp/0195107993/ref=sr_1_6?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1259342302&sr=1-6 excerpt and text search]
* Glasse, Cyril. ''The New Encyclopedia of Islam'' ( 2nd ed. 2008)
* Lewis, Bernard. ''Islam in History: Ideas, People, and Events in the Middle East'' (2001), by leading conservative historian [http://www.amazon.com/Islam-History-People-Events-Middle/dp/0812695186/ref=sr_1_15?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1259342525&sr=1-15 excerpt and text search]
* Martin, Richard C. et al. ''Encyclopedia of Islam & the Muslim World'' (2003), more advanced
* Newby, Gordon. ''A Concise Encyclopedia of Islam'' (2002) [http://www.amazon.com/Concise-Encyclopedia-Islam-Gordon-Newby/dp/1851682953/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1259342942&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]
* Robinson, Chase F. ed. ''The New Cambridge History of Islam'' (Volume 1) (2009), summarizes advanced scholarship
* Ruthven, Malise, and Azim Nanji. ''Historical Atlas of Islam'' (2004)
* Schimmel, Annemarie. ''Islam: An Introduction''. (1992)
* Sonn, Tamara and Mary Williamsburg. ''A Brief History of Islam'' (2004) [http://www.amazon.com/Brief-History-Blackwell-Histories-Religion/dp/1405109009/ref=sr_1_12?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1259342302&sr=1-12 excerpt and text search]
* Wheatcroft, Andrew. ''Infidels: A History of the Conflict Between Christendom and Islam'' (2005) [http://www.amazon.com/Infidels-History-Conflict-Between-Christendom/dp/0812972392/ref=sr_1_13?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1259342525&sr=1-13 excerpt and text search]

==External links==
*[http://muslim-canada.org/islam_christianity.html Islam and Christianity] - excellent article comparing and contrasting the two.
*[http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/quran/ Qur'an online in English]
*[http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/bukhari/ Sahih Bukhari (Hadith collection) online in English]
*[http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/muslim/ Sahih Muslim (Hadith collection) online in English]
*[http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/abudawud/ Sunan Abu-Dawud (Hadith collection) online in English]
*[http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/muwatta/ Malik's Muwatta (Hadith collection) online in English]
* Congressional Research Service, "Islam: A Primer", Report for Congress (2003), a work in the public domain and the source of part of this article [http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/islam.htm#back]
*[http://www.creativeminorityreport.com/2011/01/islamists-torch-pope-in-effigy-again.html Islamists Torch Pope in Effigy, Again]
*[http://www.tribecatrib.com/news/2010/december/849_kind-strangers.html Muslims Saving Jews During World War II.] By Shane Dixon Kavanaugh.
*[http://differencesbetween.com/islam-and-muslim/ Difference Between Islam and Muslim]
*[http://bertschlossberg.blogspot.com/ A Turkish Delight: they think so in Israel too!]
*[http://bertschlossberg.blogspot.com/ Turkey's Islamic scholar, Rabbi Meir Lau, and Cain speechless before Abel]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Muslims]]
[[Category:Islam]]

Mark Zuckerberg

2015-02-08T15:12:41Z

JMR10:

'''Mark Zuckerberg''' (1984) is an American [[computer]] scientist, creator of the social networking site [[Facebook]]. He studied at [[Harvard University]], and is also an important philanthropist. He was named Time Magazine's Person of the Year in 2010:

<blockquote>
Person of the Year 2010: Mark Zuckerberg. For connecting more than half a billion people and mapping the social relations among them; for creating a new system of exchanging information; and for changing how we all live our lives, Mark Elliot Zuckerberg is TIME's 2010 Person of the Year. [http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/0,28757,2036683,00.html]
</blockquote>

''Facebook is based in Palo Alto, [[California]]. The name of the site is based on the paper facebooks that many colleges give to incoming students, faculty, and staff depicting members of the campus community.'' [http://www.associatepublisher.com/e/f/fa/facebook.htm]

Zuckerberg is an [[Atheism|Atheist]].<ref>http://www.beliefnet.com/Celebrity-Faith-Database/Z/Mark-Zuckerberg.aspx#</ref>

<center>
[[File:Mark s Visit to Newark, NJ.jpg]]

Mark's Visit to Newark, NJ.
</center>
== See also ==
* [[MySpace]]
* [[Bill Gates]]
* [[Great Achievements by Teenagers]]

== External links ==

*[http://www.facebook.com/markzuckerberg?v=wall Mark Zuckerberg] At Facebook.
*[http://www.associatepublisher.com/e/f/fa/facebook.htm Facebook.] AllExperts > Encyclopedia
*[http://www.pointsincase.com/columns/justin/3-27-05.htm Face to Facebook (Guide to Facebook.com).]
*[http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,2037027,00.html Photos: A Zuckerberg Family Album.]

== References ==
<references/>

[[Category:Computer Science]]

Template:Mainpageleft

2014-12-14T14:24:50Z

JMR10: /* Nominations open for Conservative of the Year 2014 */

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2014-12-14T03:04:27Z

JMR10:

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{{Clear}}

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== Age of the earth ==

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Book of Revelation

2014-12-07T18:56:57Z

JMR10: /* See Also */

[[Image:Dürer Fourhorsemen.jpg|thumb|''The Four horsemen of the Apocalypse'' by [[Albrecht Dürer]]]]
The '''Book of Revelation''' (formal title '''The Revelation of St. John the Divine''', also called '''The Revelation to John''', '''The Apocalypse of John''', or simply '''Revelation''') is the final book of the [[Christian]] [[Bible]] (The [[New Testament]]). It records a series of visions received by the [[John the Divine]] while he was imprisoned on the island of Patmos. In ancient writings as going back as early as [[Justin Martyr]], it was held that John the divine was [[John the Apostle]].<ref>The NIV Study Bible, Zondervan Press, 1985, Pg. 1923</ref> The visions describe the end times and the second coming of [[Jesus Christ]]. ([[Preterists]] disagree, believing the book describing events fulfilled at other points in history.)

Revelation also describes the final rebellion of [[Satan]] (at [[Armageddon]]), the final defeat of Satan by [[God]], and the return of peace to the world.

===Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse===
Revelation first describes the arrival of the [[Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse]]: Pestilence, War, Famine, and Death. However, the Bible itself only directly names one horseman, "death".

There is wide agreement concerning the identity of the first horseman, which many interpret to represent the Antichrist. Some equate it to worldwide gospel preaching, as many postmillennialists believe.

The four horsemen are synonymous to the first four seals, and there is a direct correlation between the events of the seals and the list of events found in the Olivet Discourse, as found in Matthew 24. According to this view, the first four seals are usually perceived as being the ''beginning of birth pangs'' (Matthew 24:4-8).

===Mark of the Beast===
Revelation describes a time in which the a mark consisting of the [[Number of the Beast]] will be required on all people in order to buy or sell.

===Plagues===

Twenty-one judgements are pronounced on the earth: the seven Seal Judgements, the seven Trumpet Judgements, and the seven Bowl Judgements. The sequence of the order of these plagues are disputed among prophecy teachers. The concurrent or overlapping interpretation postulates that the judgements overlap each other while the 7 Seals are the longest in duration, while the Trumpet plagues are shorter, and while the Bowl plagues are the shortest. The consecutive or crescendo interpretation teaches that the next set of plagues occur after the previous set of plagues. Therefore the 7 Seals occur first, the 7 Trumpets next, and the 7 Bowls afterwards.

==Interpretations==
There is much modern emphasis that Revelation prophesizes the future and the end times. These views usually consider the end times to be relatively close to being fulfilled. Other views postulate that the writing describes a period of persecution in the early church either during the reign of [[Nero]] (54 - 68) or [[Domitian]] (81 - 96).

==History==

The Book of Revelation was one of the last books to be fully accepted into the New Testament Canon largely due to its difficulty in being understood.

== See also ==
* [[Whore of Babylon]]
* [[Christianity in Conservapedia]]
* [[Revelations to John (Translated)]]
* [[Post Apocalyptic World]]

{{New Testament Books}}

==References==
<References/>

[[Category:New Testament Books]]
[[Category:Survivalism]]

File:Chateau Versailles Galerie des Glaces.jpg

2014-12-07T18:55:43Z

JMR10:

Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles, Versailles, France.

2011.

Author: Myrabella.

[[Fair use]]

Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chateau_Versailles_Galerie_des_Glaces.jpg

Edward J. Snowden

2014-12-04T22:04:30Z

JMR10: /* See Also */

[[File:Snowden HK.jpg|thumb|250px|Hong Kong Rally to Support Snowden, Garden Road, Central, [[Hong Kong]], June 15, 2013.]]
'''Edward J. Snowden''' (Born June 21, 1983) is an American [[IT]] specialist and a former employee of defense contractor Booz Allen Hamilton (a contractor for the [[National Security Agency]]). In June 2013 Snowden embarrassed [[Barack Obama]] by revealing the mass [[domestic surveillance]] program known as "[[PRISM]],". This is an internet snooping program run by the National Security Agency, as constituted by former [[George W. Bush|President George W. Bush]]. He explained to shocked Americans that the National Security Agency had in effect built a dossier on every man, woman and child in the [[United States of America]], and probably beyond borders.

The revelations made Snowden Obama's nemesis, and Obama has neglected most other issues, notably the downfall of the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] government in [[Egypt]], in his pursuit of the young man. At one point, Obama had [[Evo Morales]], the prime minister of [[Bolivia]] detained in an inept attempt to intercept Snowden.

Snowden is a [[video game]] player.<ref>http://www.viralread.com/2013/06/15/who-is-edward-snowden-background-on-nsa-leaker-emerges/</ref>

Snowden told the British left wing newspaper [[The Guardian]]:

* "I will be satisfied if the federation of secret law, unequal pardon and irresistible executive powers that rule the world that I love are revealed even for an instant."<ref> [http://www.humanevents.com/2013/06/10/meet-the-nsa-leaker/ Meet the NSA leaker], ''[[Human Events]]''</ref>

The liberal ''Washington Post'' quotes him as saying:

* "Allowing the U.S. government to intimidate its people with threats of retaliation for revealing wrongdoing is contrary to the public interest."<ref> [http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/intelligence-leaders-push-back-on-leakers-media/2013/06/09/fff80160-d122-11e2-a73e-826d299ff459_story.html Edward Snowden comes forward as source of NSA leaks], ''Washington Post''</ref>

After leaking the information in question, Snowden stayed in Hong Kong for a while; he then left China and went to Russia en route to seeking asylum in [[Ecuador]]. Snowden was apparently travelling on a passport that had been revoked. <ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/06/23/obama-administration-confirms-talking-to-hong-kong-about-snowden/ "US revokes NSA leaker Edward Snowden's passport, as he reportedly seeks asylum in Ecuador," Fox News, 23 June 2013]</ref> The [[Wikileaks]] organization has helped Snowden to stay ahead of Obama's grasp. <ref>[http://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2013/06/23/with-wikileaks-help-nsa-leaker-snowden-seeks-asylum-in-ecuador-via-moscow/ "With WikiLeaks' Help, NSA Leaker Snowden Seeks Asylum In Ecuador Via Moscow," Forbes, 23 June 2013]</ref> The president of Ecuador [[Rafael Correa]] explained that Snowden cannot go to Ecuador.<ref>http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/news/2013/06/30/ecuador-president-says-snowden-cannot-leave-moscow/</ref> Thereupon Russian government allowed Snowden to stay for three years in Russia.<ref>http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-28689231</ref>

As of July 6, 2013, Nicaraguan President [[Daniel Ortega]] and Venezuelan President [[Nicolas Maduro]] had offered asylum to Snowden.<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-23201774/</ref>

Snowden is a [[Libertarianism|Libertarian]]<ref>http://www.salon.com/2013/06/10/edward_snowden_a_libertarian_hero/</ref> and a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]].<ref>http://world.time.com/2013/08/02/7-things-edward-snowden-should-do-in-russia/</ref>

==Political reaction==
[[File:Snowden hero.jpg|thumb|Activist in New York's Union Square, June 10, 2013.]]
[[John Boehner]] called Snowden a "traitor" who committed a "giant violation of the law" that put Americans at risk.<ref> [http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jun/11/boehner-describes-nsa-leaker-traitor/#ixzz2WBqMieaD Boehner describes NSA leaker as 'traitor']</ref> Numerous other high ranking officials have hawkishly demanded his extradition from the [[People's Republic of China]]. From China, however, reactions have been supportive, with calls by politicians, and various civil liberties organizations, to implore [[Beijing]] to block extradition attempts, on grounds of national security.

<blockquote>
While many blasted Snowden, Republican Senator [[Rand Paul]] of Kentucky, a member of the Homeland Security and Government Affairs Committee and one of the chamber's most conservative members, said, "it's going to be an open question how this young man is judged."
"If he goes to an independent third country like Iceland and if he refuses to talk to any sort of formal government about this, I think there's a chance that he'll be seen as an advocate of privacy." [http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/sns-rt-us-usa-security-washingtonbre95m08u-20130623,0,2374212.story]
</blockquote>

==Notes==
<references />

==See also==
* [[Bradley Manning]] - [[Traitor]] of [[State secret]]s
* [[Julian Assange]] - [[Australia]]n [[leftist]] [[hacker]]

----

* [[Encryption]]: [[Cryptography]]-Cryptanalysis-[[Cryptology]]-[[Data encryption]]-[[Public-key encryption]]
* [[Unalienable rights]] of the [[Bill of Rights]]: [[First Amendment]], [[Fourth Amendment]], [[Fifth Amendment]]
* [[Right to Privacy]]
* [[Conservative values]] and [[Libertarian]] [[American values]] of [[Limited government]] and [[liberty]]

'''Contrast with:'''

* [[Mass surveillance]] of [[Big government]] [[ObamaCare]] [[Welfare state]] leads to [[Nanny state]], leads to [[Police state]]: [[Globalist]]-[[Statist]]-[[Socialist]]-[[Communist]]
* [[Liberal totalitarianism]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Cryptography]]
[[Category:First Amendment]]
[[Category:Fourth Amendment]]
[[Category:Police State]]
[[Category:Espionage]]

==External links==
*[http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/edward-snowden-is-no-traitor/ Edward Snowden Is No Traitor]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Snowden, Edward J.}}

Jorge Denegre Vaught Peña

2014-11-25T20:35:08Z

JMR10:

'''Jorge Denegre Vaught Peña''' (Mamantel, [[Campeche]], 1916 - [[Mexico City]], 1998) was a Mexican lawyer, historian, bibliographer, bibliophile, editor, and [[poet]]. He wrote extensively about old books. In the Enciclopedia de Mexico he made important contributions about the Mexican State of Campeche.

In 1989 Conaculta, the National Institute of Anthropology and History and the Secretariat of Finance and Public Credit, made him a recognition in the National Palace in Mexico City.

One of his books is ''Piraterías en la Nueva España'', 2007. He also wrote about the John F. Kennedy's assassination.

== See also ==

*[[Justo Sierra Mendez]]
*[[Justo Sierra O'Reilly]]

[[Category:Biographies]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Denegre, Jorge.}}
[[Category:Mexican History]]

Jorge Denegre Vaught Peña

2014-11-24T14:10:27Z

JMR10:

'''Jorge Denegre Vaught Peña''' (Mamantel, [[Campeche]], 1916 - [[Mexico City]], 1998) was a Mexican lawyer, historian, bibliographer, bibliophile, editor, and [[poet]]. He wrote extensively about old books. In the Enciclopedia de Mexico he made important contributions about the Mexican State of Campeche.

In 1989 Conaculta, the National Institute of Anthropology and History and the Secretariat of Finance and Public Credit, made him a recognition in the National Palace in Mexico City.

One of his books is ''Piraterías en la Nueva España'', 2007.

== See also ==

*[[Justo Sierra Mendez]]
*[[Justo Sierra O'Reilly]]

[[Category:Biographies]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Denegre, Jorge.}}
[[Category:Mexican History]]

Jorge Denegre Vaught Peña

2014-11-23T17:47:22Z

JMR10:

'''Jorge Denegre Vaught Peña''' (Mamantel, [[Campeche]], 1916 - [[Mexico City]], 1998) was a Mexican lawyer, historian, bibliographer, bibliophile, editor, and poet. He wrote extensively about old books. In the Enciclopedia de Mexico he made important contributions about the Mexican State of Campeche.

In 1989 Conaculta, the National Institute of Anthropology and History and the Secretariat of Finance and Public Credit, made him a recognition in the National Palace in Mexico City.

One of his books is ''Piraterías en la Nueva España'', 2007.

[[Category:Biographies]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Denegre, Jorge.}}

Casablanca

2014-11-20T22:49:31Z

JMR10: /* See also */

[[Image:Casablaca, Morocco.jpg|thumb|Casablanca, Morocco]]
'''Casablanca''' is the largest city in [[Morocco]]. It is located in northwest Morocco by the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. The current population is approximately 2,930,000.

The city is known for being the location of a wartime conference in 1943 between US President Roosevelt and UK Prime Minister [[Winston Churchill]].

==See also==

*[[Casablanca (1942 film)]] for a popular movie which is set in Casablanca, Morocco

[[Category:African Cities and Towns]]
[[Category:Morocco]]

Germán Gedovius

2014-11-16T15:17:04Z

JMR10:

'''Germán Gedovius''' (Mexico City, 1867 – Mexico City, 1937) was a Mexican painter. He attend the Academy of San Carlos, lerned drawing and painting in Germany and visited several museums in Europe, especially in Holland, Belgium, France and Italy. He was friend of [[Justo Sierra Méndez]] and teacher of [[Diego Rivera]].

Some of his paintings include a "Self-portrait", "The Lady of the Violets", ca. 1908, "Convento del Carmen", "Tepotzotlán Sacristy" and "[http://www.arts-history.mx/pieza_mes/index.php?id_pieza=1908200483705 Desnudo barroco]", 1920.

[[File:Gedovius La dama de las violetas, ca. 1908.jpg|thumb|center|500px|La dama de las violetas, ca. 1908.]]

== See also ==

*[[Mexican Painters]]
*[[Mexican Painting]]

== External links ==

*[http://www.museoblaisten.com/v2008/indexENG.asp Germán Gedovius.] Andrés Blaisten Museum.
*[http://www.invaluable.com/artist/gedovius-german-w2c75gf2wt Germán Gedovius.]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gedovius, German}}
[[Category:Mexican Painters]]

Germán Gedovius

2014-11-16T15:16:17Z

JMR10:

'''Germán Gedovius''' (Mexico City, 1867 – Mexico City, 1937) was a Mexican painter. He attend the Academy of San Carlos, lerned drawing and painting in Germany and visited several museums in Europe, especially in Holland, Belgium, France and Italy. He was friend of [[Justo Sierra Méndez]] and teacher of [[Diego Rivera]].

Some of his paintings include a "Self-portrait", "The Lady of the Violets", "Convento del Carmen", "Tepotzotlán Sacristy" and "[http://www.arts-history.mx/pieza_mes/index.php?id_pieza=1908200483705 Desnudo barroco]", 1920.

[[File:Gedovius La dama de las violetas, ca. 1908.jpg|thumb|center|500px|La dama de las violetas, ca. 1908.]]

== See also ==

*[[Mexican Painters]]
*[[Mexican Painting]]

== External links ==

*[http://www.museoblaisten.com/v2008/indexENG.asp Germán Gedovius.] Andrés Blaisten Museum.
*[http://www.invaluable.com/artist/gedovius-german-w2c75gf2wt Germán Gedovius.]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gedovius, German}}
[[Category:Mexican Painters]]

Museum

2014-11-02T21:32:16Z

JMR10: /* External links */

[[File:Museum of Science and Industry Chicago.JPG|thumb|250px|Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago.]]
A '''museum''' is a place or an institution that collects and displays items within one or more subject areas, such as natural science or visual art, usually for the purpose of education.

According to the definition of the [http://icom.museum/statutes.html International Council of Museums]: ''"A museum is a non-profit making, permanent institution in the service of society and of its development, and open to the public, which acquires, conserves, researches, communicates and exhibits, for purposes of study, education and enjoyment, material evidence of people and their environment."''

At present museums are expanding to include virtual exhibits.

<blockquote>
''The best introduction to art is to stroll through a museum. The more art you see, the more you'll learn to define your own taste''. Jeanne Frank (Author).
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
''The only way to understand painting is to go and look at it. And if out of a million visitors there is even one to whom art means something, that is enough to justify museums.'' [[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]].
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
''Give me a museum and I'll fill it.'' [[Pablo Picasso]].
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
''The role of a museum of modern art is to make a good selection and identify what we believe to be the coming movements, and that requires taste.'' [[David Rockefeller]].
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
''It's a lovely experience walking around a museum by yourself.'' [[Brad Pitt]].
</blockquote>

==Types of museums==

[[File:Alma -Tadema A Collection of Pictures at the Time of Augustus 1867.jpg|thumb|[[Sir Lawrence Alma Tadema]], A Collection of Pictures at the Time of Augustus, 1867.]]

Several different types of museums are found throughout the world.

'''Archaeological museums'''

'''Art museums'''

'''History museums'''

'''Maritime museums'''

'''Natural History museums'''

'''Open-air museums'''

'''Science museums'''

'''Virtual museums'''

[[Image:Museo del Prado.jpg|thumb|left|Museo del Prado, Spain.]]
[[File:Art Institute of Chicago - Museum Syndicate.jpg|thumb|left|Art Institute of Chicago.]]
[[File:Peabody Museum Harvard University PD.JPG|thumb|Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University.]]
[[File:Arte Interior MUNAL.jpg|thumb|center|280px|[http://munal.mx/munal/ Museo Nacional de Arte], Mexico.]]
[[File:Entrance to the Vatican Museum.jpg|thumb|center|Entrance to the [[Vatican]] Museum.]]
{{Clear}}

== Art Museums around the world ==

(With links to official homepages of Museums and Galleries)

It is considered that the most important art museums are: [http://www.louvre.fr/en/homepage Musee du Louvre], Paris, France, [http://www.museivaticani.va/3_EN/pages/MV_Home.html Vatican Museums], Vatican City, Rome, Italy, [http://www.metmuseum.org/ Metropolitan Museum of Art], New York, New York, [http://www.getty.edu/art/ J. Paul Getty Center], Los Angeles, California, [http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/home.html Musee d'Orsay], Paris, France, [http://www.uffizi.firenze.it/en/index.php Uffizi Gallery], Florence, Italy, [http://www.artic.edu/ Art Institute of Chicago], Chicago, Illinois, Tate Modern, London, England (part of the [http://www.tate.org.uk/ Tate group]), [https://www.museodelprado.es/ Prado Museum], Madrid, Spain, and the [http://www.nga.gov/content/ngaweb.html National Gallery of Art], Washington, D.C. [http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/02/29/us-travel-picks-museums-idUSSP17187820080229]
[[File:Amsterdam Rijksmuseum.jpg|thumb|370px|Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.]]
[[File:Samuel Palmer A Dream in the Appenine c 1864 Tate Britain.jpg|thumb|Samuel Palmer, A Dream in the Appenine, ca. 1864, at Tate Britain.]]
[[File:Rembrandt Christ In The Storm On The Sea Of Galilee.jpg|thumb|[[Rembrandt]], Christ In The Storm On The Sea Of Galilee; In 1990, this painting was robbed from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum.]]
[[File:Boulanger Rehersal the Flute Player.jpg|thumb|Gustave Boulanger, A Performance of The Flute Player..., 1861, at The Chateau De Versailles.]]

Also important are
(alphabetical index):

* [http://www.pinakothek.de/en/alte-pinakothek Alte Pinakothek], [http://www.pinakothek.de/en/neue-pinakothek Neue Pinakothek] and [http://www.pinakothek.de/en/pinakothek-der-moderne Pinakothek der Moderne], Munich.
* [https://www.britishmuseum.org/ British Museum], London.
* [http://www.buehrle.ch/index.php?lang=en Buehrle Collection], Zurich.
* [http://www.centrepompidou.fr/en Centre Pompidou], Paris.
* [http://en.chateauversailles.fr/homepage Chateau De Versailles], France. (there [http://www.museehistoiredefrance.fr/index.php?option=com_musee&cid=3&view=detail Le Musée de l’Histoire de France.])
* [http://www.clarkart.edu/ Clark Art Institute] Williamstown, Massachusetts.
* [http://www.clevelandart.org/ Cleveland Museum of Fine Art].
* [http://www.corcoran.org/home Corcoran Gallery of Art], Washington, DC.
* [http://www.courtauld.ac.uk/index.shtml Courtauld Institute of Art], London.
* [http://www.dia.org/ Detroit Institute of Arts.]
* [https://www.famsf.org/ Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco].
* [http://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/ Fitzwilliam Museum], Cambridge, UK.
* [http://www.frick.org/ Frick Collection], New York, NY.
* [http://www.galleriaborghese.it/borghese/en/edefault.htm Galleria Borghese], Rome.
* [http://www.smb.museum/museen-und-einrichtungen/gemaeldegalerie/home.html Gemaldegalerie - Berlin].
* [http://www.akademiegalerie.at/ Gemäldegalerie der Akademie der bildenden Künste Wien.], Vienna.
* [http://www.guggenheim.org/ Guggenheim Museum], New York.
* [http://www.gardnermuseum.org/home Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum.] Boston, MA.
* [http://www.khm.at/ Kunsthistorisches Museum.] Viena.
* [http://www.lacma.org/ Los Angeles County Museum Of Art].
* [http://www.landesmuseum.li/ Liechtenstein National Museum].
* [http://www.museoreinasofia.es/ Museo Reina Sofia], Madrid.
* [http://www.musee-orangerie.fr/ Musée de l’Orangerie], Paris.
* [http://museefabre.montpellier-agglo.com/ Musée Fabre], Montpellier, France.
* [http://www.mfa.org/ Museum of Fine Arts], Boston, MA.
* [http://www.szepmuveszeti.hu/main Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest].
* [http://www.mfah.org/ Museum of Fine Arts], Houston.
* [http://www.moma.org/ Museum of Modern Art], New York.
* [http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/ National Gallery], London.
* [http://www.smb.museum/en/home.html National Gallery, Berlin], part of the Berlin State Museums.
* [http://www.smk.dk/en/ National Gallery of Denmark].
* [http://www.npg.org.uk/ National Portrait Gallery], London.
* [http://www.nortonsimon.org/ Norton Simon Museum], Pasadena, CA.
* [http://www.belvedere.at/de Österreichische Galerie Belvedere], Vienna.
* [http://petitpalais.paris.fr/en Petit Palais, City of Paris Fine Art Museum.]
* [http://www.museumsinflorence.com/musei/Pitti_palace.html Pitti Palace], Florence.
* [https://www.philamuseum.org/ Philadelphia Museum Of Art].
* [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/ Rijksmuseum], Amsterdam.
* [http://americanart.si.edu/ Smithsonian American Art Museum], Washington, DC.
* [http://www.slam.org/ St. Louis Art Museum].
* [http://www.nmwa.go.jp/en/index.html The National Museum of Western Art], Tokyo.
* [http://www.hermitagemuseum.org/ The State Hermitage Museum], St. Petersburg, Russia.
* [http://www.tretyakovgallery.ru/en/ The State Tretyakov Gallery], Moscow.
* [http://www.museothyssen.org/en/thyssen/home Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum of Art], Madrid.
* [http://www.vangoghmuseum.nl/vgm/index.jsp?lang=en Van Gogh Museum], Amsterdam.
* [http://www.vam.ac.uk/ Victoria & Albert Museum], London.
* [http://www.thewadsworth.org/ Wadsworth Aetheneum], Hartford, Connecticut.
* [http://www.worcesterart.org/ Worcester Museum], MA.
{{Clear}}

<center>
'''3 Highlight paintings at The National Gallery, London.'''

<gallery>
File:Lorrain Embarque de Santa Úrsula.jpg|[[Claude Lorrain]], Embarkation of Saint Ursula, 1641.
File:Constable The Haywain.jpg|[[John Constable]], The Haywain, 1821.
File:Turner Temeraire.jpg|[[William Turner]], The Fighting Temeraire, 1839.
</gallery>

'''[[Jacques-Louis David]] at the [[Louvre]].'''

<gallery>
File:David OathHoratti.jpg|Oath of the Horatii, 1784.
File:David The Death of Socrates.jpg|The Death of [[Socrates]], 1787.
File:Recamier David g.jpg|Portrait of Madame Récamier, 1800.
File:David. Consecration of the Emperor Napoleon I.jpg|Consecration of the Emperor [[Napoleon]] I, 1805-1807.
</gallery>
</center>

==History==
[[File:Museum of Fine Arts Boston.jpg|thumb|Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.]]
[[File:Musee national du Chateau de Versailles.JPG|thumb|left| Le Musée de l’Histoire de France, Chateau de Versailles, France.]]
Originally, museums developed from the collections of rarities and pieces of which many European monarchs and gentlemen assembled in the 16th and 17th centuries. In the 18th century, it became common to put such collections in dedicated suites or buildings and make them accessible to select individuals.

The Capitoline Museums in Rome are a group of art and archaeological museums; it is the oldest public collection of art in the world; it began in 1471 during the [[Renaissance]].

The first museum to offer more general, although still not universal, public access was the [[British Museum]], which was established in 1753. The foundation for the British Museum was the extensive natural scientific and ethnographic collection of the scientist Sir Hans Sloane, who had bequeathed the collection for the purpose of creating such a museum.

The ''Musée du Louvre'' opened on 10 August 1793 with a collection of 537 [[painting]]s and 184 objects of art. [http://www.louvre.fr/en/selections/masterpieces Click for Aujourd'hui selected [[Masterpiece]]s.]

{{Clear}}
 

<center>

<big><big>'''Articles about Museums in Conservapedia'''</big></big>

The [[Louvre]], The [[National Gallery]], London, The [[National Gallery of Art]], Washington, D.C., [[Paul Getty Museum]], [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[British Museum]], [[Musée d'Orsay]], [[American Museum of Natural History]], [[State Hermitage Museum]], [[Tuvia Maizel Museum]], [[National Museum of Natural History]].

[[File:Rubens El Gran Juicio Final.JPG|300px]]

The Great Last Judgment, 1617, by [[Peter Paul Rubens]] at Alte Pinakothek, Munich, Germany.

</center>
{{Clear}}

== See also ==
[[File:Henri Gervex Portrait Mlle Valtesse de la Bigne 1879.jpg|thumb|Henri Gervex, Portrait Mlle Valtesse de la Bigne, 1879, at the Musée d'Orsay.]]
*[[Sculpture]]
*[[Painting]]
*[[World famous paintings]]
*[[Art cities]]
*[[Painting Galleries]]
*[[History of painting]]
*[[Famous Art Galleries]]

[[File:Memling Madonna and Child with Angels.jpg|thumb|left|Hans Memling, Madonna and Child with Angels, ca. 1480, at The National Gallery of Art, Washington.]]
[[File:Niño_de_Goya.jpg|thumb|left|[[Francisco de Goya]], Don Manuel Osorio Manrique de Zúñiga, niño, ca. 1787, at The Metropolitan Museum of Art.]]

[[File:Mexico Soumaya museum.jpg|thumb|250px|The new [http://www.soumaya.com.mx/ Soumaya Museum], [[Mexico City]].]]

[[File:Bernini Proserpina.jpg|thumb|center|[[Gianlorenzo Bernini]], Pluto and Proserpina (The Rape of Proserpina), at Galleria Borghese, Rome.]]
[[File:KALF Willem Still Life with an Aquamanile Fruit and a Nautilus Cup Year c. 1660.jpg|thumb|center|Willem Kalf, [[Still life]] with an Aquamanile Fruit and a Nautilus Cup, ca. 1660, at Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza .]]
{{Clear}}

== External links ==
[[File:Wright Guggenheim Museum interior.jpg|thumb|[[Frank Lloyd Wright|Frank L. Wright]], Guggenheim Museum interior.]]
[[File:Uffizi Gallery.jpg|thumb|Uffizi Gallery, Florence.]]
[[File:Nat. Maritime Museum.jpg|thumb|Natural Maritime Museum, [[Greenwich]].]]
*[http://www.artsoho.net/mus.htm Famous Museums in the World.]
*[http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/top-10/museum-galleries/ Top 10 Museums and Galleries.]
*[http://www.touropia.com/best-museums-in-the-world/ 14 Best Museums in the World.]
*[http://www.museumsyndicate.com/ Museum Index.]
*[http://www.russianmuseums.info/M296 The Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts.]
*[http://www.harvardartmuseums.org/ Harvard Art Museums.]
*[http://archives.icom.museum/vlmp/ Virtual Library museums pages.] A distributed directory of on-line museums.
*[http://archives.icom.museum/vlmp/international.html International Museums.] by ICOM.
*[http://www.mexicocity-guide.com/museums.htm Museums - Mexico City.]
*[http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/region/museums/ Museums in Latin America - LANIC.] The University of Texas at Austin.
*[http://www.imls.gov/ Institute of Museum and Library Services] Washington, D.C.
*[http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/ The WebMuseum.] by Nicolas Pioch.
*[http://www.abcgallery.com/ Olga's Gallery.]
 
[[File:Albert Bierstadt The Last of the Buffalo 1888.jpg|thumb|left|280px|[[Albert Bierstadt]], The Last of the Buffalo, 1888, at Corcoran Gallery of Art.]]
[[File:Alma Tadema Pompeian Scene or The Siesta 1868.jpg|thumb|center|280px|[[Sir Lawrence Alma Tadema]], Pompeian Scene or The Siesta, 1868, at Museo del Prado, Madrid.]]
[[Image:Philadelphia Art Museum.jpg|thumb|Philadelphia Museum of Art.]]
{{Clear}}

<center>
[[File:Renoir Monet pintando en su jardín de Argenteuil.jpg]]

[[Monet]] painting in his garden in Argenteuil by [[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]], 1873, at [http://www.thewadsworth.org/ Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, Hartford, CT.].
</center>

 

{{Clear}}
----
<center>
<big><big>''MAKING ART WITH ART''</big></big>
</center>
----

[[Category:Entertainment]]
[[Category:Museums]]
[[Category:Art]]
[[Category:Science]]

Museum

2014-11-02T21:26:41Z

JMR10: /* External links */

[[File:Museum of Science and Industry Chicago.JPG|thumb|250px|Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago.]]
A '''museum''' is a place or an institution that collects and displays items within one or more subject areas, such as natural science or visual art, usually for the purpose of education.

According to the definition of the [http://icom.museum/statutes.html International Council of Museums]: ''"A museum is a non-profit making, permanent institution in the service of society and of its development, and open to the public, which acquires, conserves, researches, communicates and exhibits, for purposes of study, education and enjoyment, material evidence of people and their environment."''

At present museums are expanding to include virtual exhibits.

<blockquote>
''The best introduction to art is to stroll through a museum. The more art you see, the more you'll learn to define your own taste''. Jeanne Frank (Author).
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
''The only way to understand painting is to go and look at it. And if out of a million visitors there is even one to whom art means something, that is enough to justify museums.'' [[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]].
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
''Give me a museum and I'll fill it.'' [[Pablo Picasso]].
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
''The role of a museum of modern art is to make a good selection and identify what we believe to be the coming movements, and that requires taste.'' [[David Rockefeller]].
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
''It's a lovely experience walking around a museum by yourself.'' [[Brad Pitt]].
</blockquote>

==Types of museums==

[[File:Alma -Tadema A Collection of Pictures at the Time of Augustus 1867.jpg|thumb|[[Sir Lawrence Alma Tadema]], A Collection of Pictures at the Time of Augustus, 1867.]]

Several different types of museums are found throughout the world.

'''Archaeological museums'''

'''Art museums'''

'''History museums'''

'''Maritime museums'''

'''Natural History museums'''

'''Open-air museums'''

'''Science museums'''

'''Virtual museums'''

[[Image:Museo del Prado.jpg|thumb|left|Museo del Prado, Spain.]]
[[File:Art Institute of Chicago - Museum Syndicate.jpg|thumb|left|Art Institute of Chicago.]]
[[File:Peabody Museum Harvard University PD.JPG|thumb|Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University.]]
[[File:Arte Interior MUNAL.jpg|thumb|center|280px|[http://munal.mx/munal/ Museo Nacional de Arte], Mexico.]]
[[File:Entrance to the Vatican Museum.jpg|thumb|center|Entrance to the [[Vatican]] Museum.]]
{{Clear}}

== Art Museums around the world ==

(With links to official homepages of Museums and Galleries)

It is considered that the most important art museums are: [http://www.louvre.fr/en/homepage Musee du Louvre], Paris, France, [http://www.museivaticani.va/3_EN/pages/MV_Home.html Vatican Museums], Vatican City, Rome, Italy, [http://www.metmuseum.org/ Metropolitan Museum of Art], New York, New York, [http://www.getty.edu/art/ J. Paul Getty Center], Los Angeles, California, [http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/home.html Musee d'Orsay], Paris, France, [http://www.uffizi.firenze.it/en/index.php Uffizi Gallery], Florence, Italy, [http://www.artic.edu/ Art Institute of Chicago], Chicago, Illinois, Tate Modern, London, England (part of the [http://www.tate.org.uk/ Tate group]), [https://www.museodelprado.es/ Prado Museum], Madrid, Spain, and the [http://www.nga.gov/content/ngaweb.html National Gallery of Art], Washington, D.C. [http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/02/29/us-travel-picks-museums-idUSSP17187820080229]
[[File:Amsterdam Rijksmuseum.jpg|thumb|370px|Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.]]
[[File:Samuel Palmer A Dream in the Appenine c 1864 Tate Britain.jpg|thumb|Samuel Palmer, A Dream in the Appenine, ca. 1864, at Tate Britain.]]
[[File:Rembrandt Christ In The Storm On The Sea Of Galilee.jpg|thumb|[[Rembrandt]], Christ In The Storm On The Sea Of Galilee; In 1990, this painting was robbed from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum.]]
[[File:Boulanger Rehersal the Flute Player.jpg|thumb|Gustave Boulanger, A Performance of The Flute Player..., 1861, at The Chateau De Versailles.]]

Also important are
(alphabetical index):

* [http://www.pinakothek.de/en/alte-pinakothek Alte Pinakothek], [http://www.pinakothek.de/en/neue-pinakothek Neue Pinakothek] and [http://www.pinakothek.de/en/pinakothek-der-moderne Pinakothek der Moderne], Munich.
* [https://www.britishmuseum.org/ British Museum], London.
* [http://www.buehrle.ch/index.php?lang=en Buehrle Collection], Zurich.
* [http://www.centrepompidou.fr/en Centre Pompidou], Paris.
* [http://en.chateauversailles.fr/homepage Chateau De Versailles], France. (there [http://www.museehistoiredefrance.fr/index.php?option=com_musee&cid=3&view=detail Le Musée de l’Histoire de France.])
* [http://www.clarkart.edu/ Clark Art Institute] Williamstown, Massachusetts.
* [http://www.clevelandart.org/ Cleveland Museum of Fine Art].
* [http://www.corcoran.org/home Corcoran Gallery of Art], Washington, DC.
* [http://www.courtauld.ac.uk/index.shtml Courtauld Institute of Art], London.
* [http://www.dia.org/ Detroit Institute of Arts.]
* [https://www.famsf.org/ Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco].
* [http://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/ Fitzwilliam Museum], Cambridge, UK.
* [http://www.frick.org/ Frick Collection], New York, NY.
* [http://www.galleriaborghese.it/borghese/en/edefault.htm Galleria Borghese], Rome.
* [http://www.smb.museum/museen-und-einrichtungen/gemaeldegalerie/home.html Gemaldegalerie - Berlin].
* [http://www.akademiegalerie.at/ Gemäldegalerie der Akademie der bildenden Künste Wien.], Vienna.
* [http://www.guggenheim.org/ Guggenheim Museum], New York.
* [http://www.gardnermuseum.org/home Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum.] Boston, MA.
* [http://www.khm.at/ Kunsthistorisches Museum.] Viena.
* [http://www.lacma.org/ Los Angeles County Museum Of Art].
* [http://www.landesmuseum.li/ Liechtenstein National Museum].
* [http://www.museoreinasofia.es/ Museo Reina Sofia], Madrid.
* [http://www.musee-orangerie.fr/ Musée de l’Orangerie], Paris.
* [http://museefabre.montpellier-agglo.com/ Musée Fabre], Montpellier, France.
* [http://www.mfa.org/ Museum of Fine Arts], Boston, MA.
* [http://www.szepmuveszeti.hu/main Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest].
* [http://www.mfah.org/ Museum of Fine Arts], Houston.
* [http://www.moma.org/ Museum of Modern Art], New York.
* [http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/ National Gallery], London.
* [http://www.smb.museum/en/home.html National Gallery, Berlin], part of the Berlin State Museums.
* [http://www.smk.dk/en/ National Gallery of Denmark].
* [http://www.npg.org.uk/ National Portrait Gallery], London.
* [http://www.nortonsimon.org/ Norton Simon Museum], Pasadena, CA.
* [http://www.belvedere.at/de Österreichische Galerie Belvedere], Vienna.
* [http://petitpalais.paris.fr/en Petit Palais, City of Paris Fine Art Museum.]
* [http://www.museumsinflorence.com/musei/Pitti_palace.html Pitti Palace], Florence.
* [https://www.philamuseum.org/ Philadelphia Museum Of Art].
* [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/ Rijksmuseum], Amsterdam.
* [http://americanart.si.edu/ Smithsonian American Art Museum], Washington, DC.
* [http://www.slam.org/ St. Louis Art Museum].
* [http://www.nmwa.go.jp/en/index.html The National Museum of Western Art], Tokyo.
* [http://www.hermitagemuseum.org/ The State Hermitage Museum], St. Petersburg, Russia.
* [http://www.tretyakovgallery.ru/en/ The State Tretyakov Gallery], Moscow.
* [http://www.museothyssen.org/en/thyssen/home Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum of Art], Madrid.
* [http://www.vangoghmuseum.nl/vgm/index.jsp?lang=en Van Gogh Museum], Amsterdam.
* [http://www.vam.ac.uk/ Victoria & Albert Museum], London.
* [http://www.thewadsworth.org/ Wadsworth Aetheneum], Hartford, Connecticut.
* [http://www.worcesterart.org/ Worcester Museum], MA.
{{Clear}}

<center>
'''3 Highlight paintings at The National Gallery, London.'''

<gallery>
File:Lorrain Embarque de Santa Úrsula.jpg|[[Claude Lorrain]], Embarkation of Saint Ursula, 1641.
File:Constable The Haywain.jpg|[[John Constable]], The Haywain, 1821.
File:Turner Temeraire.jpg|[[William Turner]], The Fighting Temeraire, 1839.
</gallery>

'''[[Jacques-Louis David]] at the [[Louvre]].'''

<gallery>
File:David OathHoratti.jpg|Oath of the Horatii, 1784.
File:David The Death of Socrates.jpg|The Death of [[Socrates]], 1787.
File:Recamier David g.jpg|Portrait of Madame Récamier, 1800.
File:David. Consecration of the Emperor Napoleon I.jpg|Consecration of the Emperor [[Napoleon]] I, 1805-1807.
</gallery>
</center>

==History==
[[File:Museum of Fine Arts Boston.jpg|thumb|Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.]]
[[File:Musee national du Chateau de Versailles.JPG|thumb|left| Le Musée de l’Histoire de France, Chateau de Versailles, France.]]
Originally, museums developed from the collections of rarities and pieces of which many European monarchs and gentlemen assembled in the 16th and 17th centuries. In the 18th century, it became common to put such collections in dedicated suites or buildings and make them accessible to select individuals.

The Capitoline Museums in Rome are a group of art and archaeological museums; it is the oldest public collection of art in the world; it began in 1471 during the [[Renaissance]].

The first museum to offer more general, although still not universal, public access was the [[British Museum]], which was established in 1753. The foundation for the British Museum was the extensive natural scientific and ethnographic collection of the scientist Sir Hans Sloane, who had bequeathed the collection for the purpose of creating such a museum.

The ''Musée du Louvre'' opened on 10 August 1793 with a collection of 537 [[painting]]s and 184 objects of art. [http://www.louvre.fr/en/selections/masterpieces Click for Aujourd'hui selected [[Masterpiece]]s.]

{{Clear}}
 

<center>

<big><big>'''Articles about Museums in Conservapedia'''</big></big>

The [[Louvre]], The [[National Gallery]], London, The [[National Gallery of Art]], Washington, D.C., [[Paul Getty Museum]], [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[British Museum]], [[Musée d'Orsay]], [[American Museum of Natural History]], [[State Hermitage Museum]], [[Tuvia Maizel Museum]], [[National Museum of Natural History]].

[[File:Rubens El Gran Juicio Final.JPG|300px]]

The Great Last Judgment, 1617, by [[Peter Paul Rubens]] at Alte Pinakothek, Munich, Germany.

</center>
{{Clear}}

== See also ==
[[File:Henri Gervex Portrait Mlle Valtesse de la Bigne 1879.jpg|thumb|Henri Gervex, Portrait Mlle Valtesse de la Bigne, 1879, at the Musée d'Orsay.]]
*[[Sculpture]]
*[[Painting]]
*[[World famous paintings]]
*[[Art cities]]
*[[Painting Galleries]]
*[[History of painting]]
*[[Famous Art Galleries]]

[[File:Memling Madonna and Child with Angels.jpg|thumb|left|Hans Memling, Madonna and Child with Angels, ca. 1480, at The National Gallery of Art, Washington.]]
[[File:Niño_de_Goya.jpg|thumb|left|[[Francisco de Goya]], Don Manuel Osorio Manrique de Zúñiga, niño, ca. 1787, at The Metropolitan Museum of Art.]]

[[File:Mexico Soumaya museum.jpg|thumb|250px|The new [http://www.soumaya.com.mx/ Soumaya Museum], [[Mexico City]].]]

[[File:Bernini Proserpina.jpg|thumb|center|[[Gianlorenzo Bernini]], Pluto and Proserpina (The Rape of Proserpina), at Galleria Borghese, Rome.]]
[[File:KALF Willem Still Life with an Aquamanile Fruit and a Nautilus Cup Year c. 1660.jpg|thumb|center|Willem Kalf, [[Still life]] with an Aquamanile Fruit and a Nautilus Cup, ca. 1660, at Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza .]]
{{Clear}}

== External links ==
[[File:Wright Guggenheim Museum interior.jpg|thumb|[[Frank Lloyd Wright|Frank L. Wright]], Guggenheim Museum interior.]]
[[File:Uffizi Gallery.jpg|thumb|Uffizi Gallery, Florence.]]
[[File:Nat. Maritime Museum.jpg|thumb|Natural Maritime Museum, Greenwich.]]
*[http://www.artsoho.net/mus.htm Famous Museums in the World.]
*[http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/top-10/museum-galleries/ Top 10 Museums and Galleries.]
*[http://www.touropia.com/best-museums-in-the-world/ 14 Best Museums in the World.]
*[http://www.museumsyndicate.com/ Museum Index.]
*[http://www.russianmuseums.info/M296 The Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts.]
*[http://www.harvardartmuseums.org/ Harvard Art Museums.]
*[http://archives.icom.museum/vlmp/ Virtual Library museums pages.] A distributed directory of on-line museums.
*[http://archives.icom.museum/vlmp/international.html International Museums.] by ICOM.
*[http://www.mexicocity-guide.com/museums.htm Museums - Mexico City.]
*[http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/region/museums/ Museums in Latin America - LANIC.] The University of Texas at Austin.
*[http://www.imls.gov/ Institute of Museum and Library Services] Washington, D.C.
*[http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/ The WebMuseum.] by Nicolas Pioch.
*[http://www.abcgallery.com/ Olga's Gallery.]
 
[[File:Albert Bierstadt The Last of the Buffalo 1888.jpg|thumb|left|280px|[[Albert Bierstadt]], The Last of the Buffalo, 1888, at Corcoran Gallery of Art.]]
[[File:Alma Tadema Pompeian Scene or The Siesta 1868.jpg|thumb|center|280px|[[Sir Lawrence Alma Tadema]], Pompeian Scene or The Siesta, 1868, at Museo del Prado, Madrid.]]
[[Image:Philadelphia Art Museum.jpg|thumb|Philadelphia Museum of Art.]]
{{Clear}}

<center>
[[File:Renoir Monet pintando en su jardín de Argenteuil.jpg]]

[[Monet]] painting in his garden in Argenteuil by [[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]], 1873, at [http://www.thewadsworth.org/ Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, Hartford, CT.].
</center>

 

{{Clear}}
----
<center>
<big><big>''MAKING ART WITH ART''</big></big>
</center>
----

[[Category:Entertainment]]
[[Category:Museums]]
[[Category:Art]]
[[Category:Science]]

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2014-09-28T00:15:50Z

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