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Hinduism

2007-11-11T00:46:42Z

James455: Hinduism is Monotheistic. hindus believe that god can take many shapes but their is only one god, regardless of the name you call him

[[Image:Hinduism.jpg|left|Hinduism]]
'''Hinduism''' is the fourth largest religion in the world<ref>The largest being [[Christianity]], [[Islam]], Secular/Nonreligious/Agnostic/Atheist, and Hinduism, in that order[http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html]</ref>. Hinduism is a [[Monotheistic religion]]. It can be called "the religion of India;" about 800 million of the world's 1000 million Hindus live in India, and about 80 percent of Indians are Hindus.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.net/religiondata/Brief_analysis.pdf Census of India, religion data, brief analysis (PDF)]; "At the national level, of 1028 million population, 828 million (80.5 percent) have returned their religion as Hindus followed by 138 million (13.4 percent) as Muslims and 24 millions (2.3 percent) Christians. 19 million (1.9 percent) persons follow Sikh religion; 8 million (0.8 percent) are Buddhists and 4.2 million (0.4 percent) are Jains as per the 2001 Census. In addition to these, 6.6 million belong to ‘Other Religions and Persuasions’ including tribal religions which are not part of the six main religions stated above. About seven lakh (or 0.7 million) persons have not stated their
religion."</ref>
[[Image:Hinduism..jpg|240px|right|Shiva the Cosmic Dancer]]
It dates back to the ancient days. Hindus believe in [[reincarnation]] and eventual unity with what is known as [[Brahman]] as well as respect for all life forms. Their holy writings are known as the [[Vedas]]. The goal of Hindus in life (purusharthas) is to follow four life-long aims: dharma (righteousness), artha (material success), kama (love/pleasure), and moksha (release from reincarnation/reunification with Brahman).

== Description ==

In 1966, the Supreme Court of [[India]] defined what Hinduism is for legal purposes:

1. Belief in the authority of the Vedas (an ancient hymns to the gods, written in Sanskrit). The oldest collection of hymns in the Vedas is the Rig Veda, which was written between 1800 and 1300 B.C. The greatest Veda hymn is the “Bhagavad Gita,” a section in the Mahabharata concerning life’s never-ending spiritual journey towards perfection, to be attained by adhering to a code of conduct. The [[Bhagavad Gita]] is a spiritual guide to life’s problems, like the parable in Christianity.

2. Spirit of tolerance and willingness to understand and respect an opponent’s view.

3. Belief in world rhythms: long periods of creation, maintenance and dissolution follow each other in endless succession.

4. Belief in reincarnation (rebirth) and pre-existence.

5. Belief that there are many ways to salvation.

6. Unlike most other religions, Hinduism is not defined by a specific set of philosophical concepts.

7. Belief in one god. Contrary to popular belief, Hinduism is not a [[polytheism|polytheistic]] religion. The Vedas, the primary Hindu holy scriptures states that there is only one [[God]] but can manifest in many forms. This is the reason why there are many deities. A common example used to explain this is that an individual can be called different names depending on the relationship has with another. A man can be a son to his parents, a nephew to his uncle, a father to his son, and a husband to his wife all at the same time. None of these different relationships suggest multiple people but rather different aspects of one person. The same is applied to God in Hinduism, which has no form and is infinite. Hindus may call God, Paratman (Supreme Soul), Brahmana (Eternal Spirit), or Ishvara (Supreme Lord). Deities have various names but represent aspects of God that manifest in the world. For example Agni (fire, Divine spark), Vayu (wind, or breath which could mean life force, Indra (in mythology king of gods but also refers to the senses such as vision, hearing, touch, taste), and Lakshmi (fortune).

Relations between Hinduism and Christianity have also been shaped by unequal balances of political power and cultural influence. Although communities of Christians have lived in South India since the middle of the 1st millennium, the great expansion of Indian Christianity followed the efforts of missionaries working under the protection of British colonial government. <ref> [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-261549/Hinduism Hinduism and Christianity] Encyclopædia Britannica. </ref>

For more on Hinduism, see [[World History Lecture Three]].

== External links ==

*[http://www.spaceandmotion.com/Philosophy-Hinduism-Hindu.htm Hindu Religion]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Hinduism]]
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Nihilism

2007-11-11T00:44:32Z

James455: Undo revision 331404 by Special:Contributions/James455 (User talk:James455)

'''Nihilism''' is the belief in nothing. A true nihilist would have no loyalties, and no purpose other than, perhaps, an impulse to destroy everything of value in society. [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] argued that nihilism's corrosive effects would eventually destroy all moral, religious, and metaphysical convictions; cause the collapse of meaning, relevance, purpose, and precipitate the greatest crisis in human history.<ref>http://www.iep.utm.edu/n/nihilism.htm</ref> German political philosopher [[Leo Strauss]] argued that modern [[liberal]]ism has within it a tendency towards nihilism. And because of this view, some philosophers (as far back as [[Plato]]) have argued that political leaders should invent inspiring myths in order to unite citizens of modern liberal democratic society behind a common purpose, the concept of [[natural rights]] as formulated in the [[Declaration of Independence]] is often cited as an example of an inspiring myth.

Major types of nihilism include:
*'''epistemological nihilism''' which denies the possibility of knowledge and truth; this form of nihilism is identified with [[postmodernism]]. One famous example of epistemological nihilism is the words [[Socrates]] said before his death: "''I am the wisest man alive, for I know one thing, and that is that I know nothing.''"
*'''Political Nihilism''' is the belief that the destruction of all existing political, social, and religious order is a prerequisite for any future improvement; this form of nihilism is identified with [[anarchism]].
*'''Moral nihilism''' rejects all moral or ethical values; this form of nihilism is identified with [[moral relativity|moral relativism]].{{fact}}
*'''Existential nihilism''' is the notion that life has no meaning or purpose.<ref>http://www.iep.utm.edu/n/nihilism.htm</ref>
*'''Mereological nihilism''' is the view that objects with parts do not exist, it's a human illusion; this view has been identified with some aspects of [[Buddhist philosophy]] and [[Immanuel Kant]]'s [[transcendental idealism]].

In his book, ''The Decline of the West'', German philosopher Oswald Spengler observes that pattern of nihilism was a feature shared by all civilizations on the verge of collapse.

==Beyond Nihilism==
Friedrich Nietzsche saw two kinds of nihilism in the world; pessimistic and joyous. Pessimistic nihilism was that created by the death of God in the minds of men, and corresponds to the idea that life is without meaning or value. Joyous nihilism was that experienced by those few who, like him, experienced the loss of an externally created and imposed moral structure as a liberation and not a great loss, and was the seed that let the herald Nietzsche proclaim the coming of the Übermensch.
What Nietzsche truly meant by this is much debated even today, and Nietzsche himself would be disgusted with moral relativists.

==References==
<references/>

==See Also==
[http://www.renewamerica.us/columns/hutchison/070307 Liberalism and the two roads to nihilism: how liberalism can collapse into nihilism through materialism or false idealism] by Fred Hutchison, March 7, 2007.

[[category:philosophy]]

Nihilism

2007-11-11T00:44:18Z

James455: what god fearing person would be a nihilist

Jimmy Wales

2007-11-11T00:43:20Z

James455:

[[Image:Jimmy_wales_1.jpg‎|right|250px|thumb|Co-Founder of Wikipedia, Jimbo Wales]]
'''Jimmy Wales''' is the dictator of [[Wikipedia]], self-described [[libertarian]] and strong advocate of [[free-market]] [[capitalism]]. Jimmy Wales is an [[Objectivism|objectivist]] who follows the philosophy of [[Friedrich Hayek]] and [[Ayn Rand]]. <ref>[http://qanda.org/Transcript/?ProgramID=1042 Interview with Jimmy Wales conducted by Brian Lamb], C-SPAN Transcript, September 25, 2005.</ref> Wales told an interviewer in ''Reason'' magazine, "One can't understand my ideas about Wikipedia without understanding [[Hayek]]." <ref>[http://reason.com/news/show/119689.html Wikipedia and Beyond],
Jimmy Wales' sprawling vision, Katherine Mangu-Ward, ''Reasononline.com'', June 2007.</ref> His favorite book is ''[[Atlas Shrugged]]'' by Rand.

Jimmy Wales became a millionaire by trading stock; before funding Wikipedia, he funded Bomis Inc. in 1996, an online pornography portal.<ref>http://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2005/12/69880</ref> Besides funding the non-profit Wikipedia, Jimmy Wales also funded the for-profit [[Wikia]], a company that provides wiki services for businesses and organizations.

Wales was caught editing his own profile on Wikipedia in a bit of a scandal in an effort to downplay [[Larry Sanger]]'s role in the company and distance himself from his Bomis past.

==References==
<small><references/></small>

==External Links==
[http://blog.jimmywales.com/ Jimmy Wales' Blog] (this blog was last updated Feb. 16, 2007)

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[[Category:Wiki]]
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Japanese animation

2007-11-11T00:42:10Z

James455:

The '''Japanese animation''' industry has attracted much interest in the West, with English-speaking fans avidly adopting Japanese terminology such as ''anime'' (short for "animation").

The best known ''anime'' director in Japan is [[Hayao Miyazaki]], famous for "[[My Neighbor Totoro]]," "[[Spirited Away]]," and "[[Princess Mononoke]]."

As in the West, Japanese animation tends to follow Japanese comic book styles (called ''[[manga]]''). ''Anime'' is divided into the same genres as ''manga'', much with an emphasis on violence, romance, sexual comedy, and beyond.
Anime ranges from dark and horrific in nature to cute and childlike, depending on the age group it is aimed towards.

[[category:culture]]
Dragon dragon dragon dragon dragon ballz

Neil Armstrong

2007-11-11T00:39:59Z

James455:

[[Image:NeilArmstrong.jpg|thumb|200px|right]]
'''Neil Armstrong''' was born on August 5, 1930. He was a pilot for the United States [[Navy]] for three years, and flew combat missions over [[Korea]]. He left the Navy to become a test pilot in 1952. He became a United States astronaut with [[NASA]] and made his first [[space flight]] on Gemini 8, carrying out the first successful space-docking, with the Agena docking module. Neil Armstrong was given the role of mission commander for [[Apollo 11]]. He and his crew [[Buzz Aldrin]] and [[Michael Collins]] boarded the Apollo-Saturn V spacecraft before sunrise on the 16th of July, 1969 and took off from Earth at 9:32 am. On July 20, 1969 at 10:56:15 p.m. eastern daylight time, Neil Armstrong was the first man to set foot on the [[moon]]. <ref>http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/armstrong-na.html</ref> However he really went to New Mexico. Evidence; space does not have any wind so how was the flag moving. liberal Hollywood wants to deceive us into thinking that we went on moon. There can't be any pictures taken on the Moon because the film would melt in the 250° temperatures. There are several photographs of objects that are in shadows, yet they appear lighted and with surprising detail. Objects located in shadows should appear totally black.

==One small step for (a) man==
When he stepped onto the moon surface, he said the well-known words "That's one small step for a man; one giant leap for mankind." that are even today associated to the moon landing. These words are an interesting example of the problems historians faced in finding out what really happened in history. His words were broadcast and millions of people heard them. Yet, for a long time, there was disagreement about ''what'' he had said.

The broadcast seemingly omitted the "a", reducing Armstrong's quote to the senseless "That's one small step for man; one giant leap for mankind.".<ref>[http://www.nasa.gov/62284main_onesmall2.wav "...one small step for (a) man..."] NASA's official recording</ref>

For almost 40 years, historians, academics and fans of space travel debated about the recording, some claiming that Armstrong had forgotten the word while others said that it was merely lost in transmission. Armstrong always said that he had not forgotten the word, but couldn't offer an explanation why it was not heard in the transmission.

However, in 2006, the Australian programmer Peter Shann Ford found the trace of the missing "a" in a downloaded recording he analyzed with audio software and presented his findings at the [[Smithsonian Institution]]'s Air and Space Museum (Washington, D.C.) and at NASA's Washington headquarters. The conclusion is that the transmission reduced Armstrong's "a" to a 35ms sound bit - 10 times too quickly to be heard by human ears.<ref>[http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/front/4225856.html One small step for clarity] Houston Chronicle, Oct. 3, 2006</ref>

==References==
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