Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

User:DavidB4

2019-12-30T21:19:11Z

Jesus saves:

{{userboxtop|About Me}}
{{User Christian2}}
{{User American}}
{{User Youngearth}}
{{User limited govt}}
{{User GunControLovedByTotalitarians}}
{{User Life begins|conception}}
{{User Israel}}
{{User comp-4}}
{{User tripleboot}}
{{User sysopother}}
{{userbox|steelblue|lightyellow|{{age|2015|10|27}}+ Years|This user has been a contributor to Conservapedia for over {{age|2015|10|27}} years.}}
{{userbox|steelblue|lightyellow|10000+|This user has made over '''10,000''' contributions to [[Conservapedia]]}}
{{userbox|steelblue|lightyellow|50000+|This user's bot has made over '''50,000''' contributions to [[Conservapedia]]<ref>Although based on the official wiki statistics, this number might be artificially high because multiple minor edits are sometimes done to each page</ref>}}
{{Userboxbottom}}

I am an editor and SysOp on Conservapedia. It is my intention to add content, clean-up, organize, and improve existing content, and assist other users of this site with whatever needs may arise. I would like anyone who visits this site for whatever reason to see a well structured, full wiki, suitable for research on almost any topic. 

I also like to automate processes where possible, to make effort more efficient, and complete tasks otherwise too large to finish. As a part of this, I am the owner and operator of a wiki bot, which operates on Conservapedia under the name [[User:DavidB4-bot]]. If you have any questions, suggestions, or problems, please let me know! If you have things you would like me to try automating, I would be happy to try. 

I am happy to assist others with anything they might need. I have provided contact information below, which you may feel free to use. If all other methods fail, or you need a prompt response, feel free to use the link below to send me a SMS message. I have provided this information so that is can be used! ''(As fair warning, however, overt, intentional abuse of these will result in being placed on my "global" blacklist which is applied to a number of websites and services. Your information may also be released to several public blacklists.)''

<div style="{{#if:{{{background|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{background}}}|off||background: {{{background}}};}}|background: #FFE70C;}} border: 3px solid orange; padding: .7em; width:{{{width|25em}}}; {{#if:{{{float|}}}|float:{{{float}}}}};">
<center style="color:#000">'''Contact Methods'''</center>
''Please fell free to get in touch if you need anything!''
*[[User talk:DavidB4|Talk page]]
*[mailto:davidb4-public@archnet.us E-mail] <code>davidb4-public@archnet.us</code>
**(or [https://tinyurl.com/email-DavidB4 use this email form])

*[http://tinyurl.com/eSMS-David Text message] (e-SMS) 
<center>[[User:DavidB4/PGP|Want to encrypt your message to me?]]</center></div>

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
!My To-Do List
|-
|''These are pages I am planning to create or significantly expand. This list is primarily for my own reference, but feel free to comment or suggest anything on my talk page.'' 
*Amazon Web Services
*Improve [[Major conservative organizations]]
*Check on [[Talk:Len Blaylock‎]]
----'''Brothers of Italy''' is a [[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]

[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]

'''<big>Old, Ignored items</big>''' 
''These are the items that I keep avoiding, which are fossilizing at the bottom of this list''
*update the PD template to both accept the "source" parameter and the generic <nowiki>{{{1}}}</nowiki> parameter
*token (login, etc.)
*Create pages on specific [[Linux]] Systems
*Add [[Template:Software]] to most pages in [[:category:Software]] 
*[[Synthetic oil]]
*[[Aroostook War]][https://www.britannica.com/event/Aroostook-War]
*Continue working on [[:Category:Merge candidates]]
*Keycard
*[[Google Analytics]] see [http://www.google.com/intl/en/policies/privacy/partners]
*[[Visual Basic]], and perhaps also a word on VB script
*[https://discourse.mozilla-community.org/t/setting-up-a-new-search-provider/12163/6]
*use [https://blog.windscribe.com/how-to-actually-be-anonymous-online-801811b7088d]?
*Improve [[:Template:Infobox person]] (requires unlocking)
*Mention "hole" on [[Ozone layer]] and review/improve linked articles including [[Ozone-Depleting Substance]]
*Create [[Activated carbon]]? [https://learn.allergyandair.com/activated-carbon-filters]
*Software as a service
*Change lists to tables on pages [[User_talk:DavidB4#Image_copyright|as described here]] as well as [[Rachel Maddow]]
*[[Healthy eating]]
*Cat. fixes
**[[:Category:United States maps]] - requires many unlocks
**[[:Category:Film images and posters]] - requires many unlocks
*[[Fully-qualified domain name]]/[[Partially qualified domain name]]
*supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)
*[[passive matrix liquid crystal display]]
*improve [[Liquid crystal display]]
----
Periodical things:
*Categorize more [[Special:UncategorizedFiles|images]]
*Check [[:Category:Move requests]]
*Check [[:Category:Deletion candidates]] and [[:Category:Speedy deletion candidates]]
*Categorize as needed in [[Special:Log/upload|Recent uploads log]]
**Specifically, check [http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Special%3ALog&type=upload&user=Progressingamerica here] and [http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Special%3ALog&type=upload&user=Conservative here]
|-
|}
__NOTOC__
==My latest mainspace activity==
{{Special:Contributions/DavidB4|limit=10|namespace=0}}

==Conservapedia Information==

===Useful links===
<div style="{{#if:{{{background|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{background}}}|off||background: {{{background}}};}}|background: #FF562D;}} border: 3px solid red; padding: .7em; width:{{{width|25em}}}; {{#if:{{{float|}}}|float:{{{float}}}}};">
<center style="color:#000">'''Useful Pages'''</center>
* [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes on Conservapedia]]
* [[Special:NewPages|New Pages]]
* [[Special:Categories|Category List]]
* [[Special:Log/newusers|New Users]]
* [[Special:Log/rights|User Rights Modification Log]]
* [http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Special:ShortPages Short pages/stubs]
* [http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Category:Pages_with_broken_file_links Pages with broken file links]
----
* [[Conservapedia:Image_upload_requests|Request the Upload of an image]]
* [[User:Conservative/Free_pics|Places to Find Good Images]]
* [[Conservapedia:Manual_of_Style/Images|Templates for image licenses]]
* [[Conservapedia:Quick reference| CP Quick Reference]]
* [[Help:How_to_Code|Wiki Coding Guide]]
* [[Conservapedia:Commandments| Conservapedia Rules]]
* [[Conservapedia:Guidelines| Conservapedia Guidelines]]
* [[Conservapedia:Editing etiquette| Editing Etiquette]]
* [[Conservapedia:Editing_article_and_talk_pages| Manual of Style]]
* [[Conservapedia:How_to_create_and_maintain_high-quality_articles| How to create and maintain high-quality articles]]
* [[Conservapedia:Desk|Report a Problem]]
* [[Help:List of Templates|Template List]]
</div>
*[https://wikiapiary.com/wiki/Conservapedia Wikiapiary.com's Statistics page for Conservapedia]

===Image sources===
*[https://pixabay.com PixaBay]
*[https://morguefile.com Morguefile.com]
*[https://www.flickr.com/search/?license=2%2C3%2C4%2C5%2C6%2C9 Flickr.com]
*[http://www.publicdomainpictures.net PublicDomainPictures.net]

===Useful templates, tags, etc===

*<code><nowiki>{{cquote|Quote}}</nowiki></code> {{cquote|thanks, [[User:SamHB|SamHB]]}}

*<code><nowiki>{{QuoteBox|Old Quote Method}}</nowiki></code>{{QuoteBox|Old Quote Method}}

{| align=right border=3 cellspacing=0 style="border-width: 5px; border-color: #c0c0c0; background: #e0e0e0; margin: 2em;"
| style="text-align: center; padding: 10px 40px 10px 40px;" | Stand-out box
|}
*Box to the right: <code><nowiki>{| align=right border=3 cellspacing=0 style="border-width: 5px; border-color: #c0c0c0; background: #e0e0e0; margin: 2em;"
| style="text-align: center; padding: 10px 40px 10px 40px;" | Stand-out box
|} </nowiki></code> 

*<code><nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki></code> creates the Table of Contents box at that point, rather than the automatically selected location

*<code><nowiki>__NOTOC__</nowiki></code> specifies that there should be no table of contents on a page

™ ® © (see code)



==Favorite quotes==
''In no particular order''
{{cquote|The man who never reads will never be read; he who never quotes will never be quoted. He who will not use the thoughts of other men’s brains, proves that he has no brains of his own.–''Charles Spurgeon''}}
{{cquote|The American people will never knowingly adopt Socialism. But under the name of 'liberalism' they will adopt every fragment of the Socialist program, until one day America will be a Socialist nation, without knowing how it happened. ''–[[Norman Thomas]], six-time U.S. Presidential candidate for the Socialist Party of America''<ref>http://quotes.liberty-tree.ca/quote_blog/Norman.Thomas.Quote.FFB1</ref>}}
{{cquote|God created man, Sam Colt made them equal ''–Unknown to this user''}}
{{cquote|When the government fears the people, there is liberty. When the people fear the government, there is tyranny. ''–[[Thomas Jefferson]]''}}
{{cquote|I am concerned for the security of our great Nation; not so much because of any threat from without, but because of the insidious forces working from within. ''–Douglas MacArthur''}}
{{cquote|Freedom is never more than one generation away from extinction. We didn't pass it to our children in the bloodstream. It must be fought for, protected, and handed on for them to do the same. ''–Ronald Reagan''}}
{{cquote|The government's view of the economy could be summed up in a few short phrases: If it moves, tax it. If it keeps moving, regulate it. And if it stops moving, subsidize it. ''–Ronald Reagan''}}
{{cquote|If we ever forget that we're one nation under God, then we will be one nation gone under. ''–Ronald Reagan''}}
{{cquote|Within the covers of the Bible are the answers for all the problems men face. ''–Ronald Reagan''}}
{{cquote|The greatest trick the Left has ever played is to convince conservatives that we cannot win. ''–Ted Cruz, remarks at the Values Voters Summit in Washington, D.C., Oct. 11, 2013''}}
{{cquote|All that is necessary for the triumph of evil is that good men do nothing ''–Edmund Burke''}}
{{cquote|I wear their contempt as a badge of honor!''–Ann Coulter''}}
{{cquote|When you open your heart to patriotism, there is no room for prejudice. The Bible tells us, 'How good and pleasant it is when God’s people live together in unity.' ''–Donald Trump''}}

==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}

User:Dataclarifier

2019-12-30T21:16:54Z

Jesus saves:

God bless + everyone who reads this page! I was '''Brothers of Italy''' is a [[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]

[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
to find this Conservapedia when I was searching a topic. I read the Conservapedia Commandments and how this service to the public differs so radically from Wikipedia.

I love Jesus our Lord, the Only-begotten Son of the Father, Who has sent the Holy Spirit to lead us into all truth, and I felt an immense relief to find Him honored here.

I am an adult convert. I have been Baptised. Born 1 February 1947, never married (but came close four times), and wholeheartedly support the one-man-one-woman plan of Holy Matrimony.

No children. Retired. I help take care of my mother (17 years older than I am).

I have an encyclopedic interest in almost everything, and am well-informed about a few worthwhile topics, like history, science, health care, the United States Marine Corps, films in general, and ''Holy Scripture''. More particularly I have a strong interest in [[Christian apologetics]] and the historical development of [[Heresies]], [[Denominations]] and the [[New Age Movement]]. "I've been there, done that, and I know where it's not!" I '''know''' ''Jesus'' is [[God|the LORD]]--[[New Testament]] [[Koine Greek]]: "'''''kurios'''''".

I really hope to have a mutually uplifting experience with you in helping where I can, to provide useful, factual, reliable information for our readers. I thank God you are here. ''Pax vobis''
:--[[User:Dataclarifier|Dataclarifier]] 12:03, 4 October 2014 (EDT)

For those who wish to more completely assess my conservative Christian commitment and the level of my expertise, I can now happily provide here links to some key articles I originally created for Conservapedia:
*[http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Essay:_How_to_choose_a_Bible&oldid=1132676 Essay: How to choose a Bible 16:00, 16 January 2015]
*[http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Literalist_Bible_chronology&oldid=1128942 Literalist Bible chronology 12:00, 4 January 2015]
*[http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Badger_skins_(Bible)&oldid=1116650 Badger skins (Bible) 17:59, 7 November 2014]
*[http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Historical-critical_method_(Higher_criticism)&oldid=1118460 Historical-critical method (Higher criticism) 03:16, 18 November 2014]
*[http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Epistles_of_Ignatius&oldid=1137976 Epistles of Ignatius 15:12, 7 February 2015]

and

*Contributions to article [[Bible]]
:—from [http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Bible&diff=1126983&oldid=1126947 Revision as of 12:29, 29 December 2014] to [http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Bible&oldid=1130887 Revision of 13:19, 10 January 2015]
*Contribution to article [http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Transubstantiation&diff=1138046&oldid=795862 Transubstantiation]
*Contributions to article [[Theocracy]]
:—from [http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Theocracy&diff=prev&oldid=1176863 Revision as of 17:52, 21 October 2015] to [http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Theocracy&diff=1176933&oldid=1176863 Revision of 13:15, 22 October 2015]

Since January 2015 I have compiled, edited and authored the following articles (in this sequence):
*[http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Swinburne%27s_argument_from_religious_experience&oldid=1145024 Swinburne's argument from religious experience (my final finishing edit 17:57, 16 March 2015)]
*[http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Argument_from_religious_experience&oldid=1142641 Argument from religious experience (my final finishing edit 13:05, 27 February 2015)]
*[http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Philosophical_naturalism&oldid=1173220 Philosophical naturalism (my final finishing edit 20:42, 23 September 2015)]
*[http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Social_Services&oldid=1177092 Social Services (my final finishing edit 03:58, 24 October 2015]
:--[[User:Dataclarifier|Dataclarifier]] ([[User talk:Dataclarifier|talk]]) 10:51, 23 October 2015 (EDT)

*[http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Revelation%2C_Book_of_%28historical_exegesis%29&diff=1193345&oldid=1193246 Revelation, Book of (historical exegesis)-(my final finishing edit 1:59, 22 January 2016)]
30 November 2015 I have completed my last article, above, and am no longer physically able to do another, due to deteriorating eyesight. I have enjoyed contributing and my thanks and prayers and best wishes to all the staff and Administrators and Stewards. I'll still be around to make minor improvements or corrections or small contributions to existing articles as I find occasion to do so. I wish you well.

:--[[User:Dataclarifier|Dataclarifier]] ([[User talk:Dataclarifier|talk]]) 23:11, 22 January 2016 (EST)

''Update!''

Most probably due to God's granting the prayers of some here at Conservapedia, I have regained some measure of health and have been able to create the following articles:
*'''[[Harmony of the Gospel]]'''
— and the major encyclopedic New Testament feature
*'''[[Harmony of the Gospel (Conservative Version)]]''' with balanced marginal notes.
My gratitude to and prayers for all who prayed for me. May God bless you all (y'all). I hope that these articles have been helpful to all readers who have been and even now are being called upon to "''give a reason for the hope that we have in Jesus Christ''" (see 1 Peter 3:15). ''Semper Fidelis ! Vivat Jesum ! ''

:----[[User:Dataclarifier|Dataclarifier]] ([[User talk:Dataclarifier|talk]]) 17:22, 25 September 2016 (EDT)

Boy Scouts of America

2019-12-30T21:15:58Z

Jesus saves:

[[File:BSA 100 logo.jpg|right]]
The '''Boy '''Brothers of Italy''' is a [[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]

[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
of America''' was founded in 1909 and incorporated in 1910 by W. D. Boyce.<ref>[http://www.scouting.org/About/FactSheets/Founders.aspx Founders], scouting.org.</ref> He patterned it after [[Boy Scouts|the British organization]] founded two years earlier by Sir Robert Baden-Powell.

A similar but entirely separate organization is the [[Girl Scouts]], founded in 1912 by Juliette Gordon Lowe.

The Boy Scouts of America was one of the nation's largest and most prominent values-based [[youth]] development organizations. It promotes fun, educational skills, [[survival]] skills and activities identified with [[Masculinity|manliness]].<ref>[http://www.scouting.org/About.aspx About the BSA]</ref> The mission of the Boy Scouts of America was to [[preparedness|prepare]] young people to make [[ethical]] and [[moral]] choices over their lifetimes by instilling in them the [[values]] of the [[#The Scout Oath & Law|Scout Oath and Law]].<ref name=overview>[http://www.scouting.org/About/FactSheets/OverviewofBSA.aspx Overview of Boy Scouts of America]</ref> National headquarters is in Irving, Texas.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the organization has shifted sharply to the [[Liberal|Left]], changing its positions on homosexuality and gender. In 2018, it announced it would accept girls and change its name accordingly,<ref>Multiple references:
*Murphy, James (May 3, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/culture/faith-and-morals/item/28961-boy-scouts-wave-white-flag-of-surrender-to-political-correctness Boy Scouts Wave White Flag of Surrender to Political Correctness]. ''The New American''. Retrieved May 3, 2018.
*Gaydos, Ryan (May 2, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/us/2018/05/02/boy-scouts-to-change-name-drop-boy-and-accept-girls-in-2019-organization-says.html Boy Scouts to change name, drop 'Boy' and accept girls in 2019, organization says]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 2, 2018.
*Huston, Warner Todd (May 2, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/05/02/boy-scouts-name-change-looms-now-girls-allowed-join/ Boy Scouts Name Change Looms Now that Girls Allowed to Join]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 2, 2018.
*Chretien, Claire (May 2, 2018). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/boy-scouts-to-drop-boy-from-its-name-launches-new-inclusiveness-campaign Boy Scouts to drop ‘boy’ from program name, launches new ‘inclusiveness’ campaign]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved May 2 2018.</ref> and it even created all-girl troops.<ref>Mass, Warren (February 5, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/culture/faith-and-morals/item/31411-boy-scouts-now-welcome-girls-and-even-all-girls-troops Boy Scouts Now Welcome Girls and Even All-girls Troops]. ''The New American''. Retrieved February 6, 2019.</ref> Additionally, it was reported that it would make condoms available at its 2019 World Scout Jamboree and permit alcohol in certain areas.<ref>Starr, Penny (May 22, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/05/22/boy-scouts-adds-girls-order-condom-availability-at-world-jamboree/ Boy Scouts Make Another Change: Condoms at Scout Jamboree]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 23, 2018.</ref><ref>Bohon, Dave (May 23, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/culture/faith-and-morals/item/29114-boy-scouts-mandate-condoms-for-2019-jamboree Boy Scouts Mandate Condoms for 2019 Jamboree]. ''The New American''. Retrieved May 23, 2018.</ref> Shortly afterward, BSA considered declaring financial bankruptcy from its declining enrollment and rising legal fees.<ref>Adelmann, Bob (December 14, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/culture/faith-and-morals/item/30925-moral-bankruptcy-leads-to-financial-bankruptcy-for-boy-scouts Moral Bankruptcy Leads to Financial Bankruptcy for Boy Scouts]. ''The New American''. Retrieved December 16, 2018.</ref>

==History==
[[File:Scouts1911.jpg|right|250px]]
The first Boy Scout troop in the United States was founded in Pawhuska, [[Oklahoma]], in May 1909, by Anglican priest John Forbes Mitchell while on assignment for the [[Church of England]]. It was the first international charter of the British [[Boy Scouts]]. William Dickson Boyce (1859-1929) incorporated the Boy Scouts of America on February 8, 1910.<ref>http://www.scouting.org/About/FactSheets/BSA_History.aspx</ref>

The programs were largely copied from the British models set out by [[Sir Robert Baden-Powell]], who began both the non-competitive merit badge system to encourage development in diverse skills, and the rank advancement system to encourage core skills. Even more important was the [[Social Gospel]] influence of "muscular Christianity" promulgated by the [[YMCA]] in the Era of the [[Third Great Awakening]], 1910-30.<ref>Clifford Putney, ''Muscular Christianity: Manhood and Sports in Protestant America, 1880-1920'' (2001)</ref>

The new Boy Scouts of America quickly merged with the Woodcraft Indians, founded by Ernest Thompson Seton (1860-1946); and the Sons of Daniel Boone, led by Daniel Carter Beard (1850-1941). Seton became the BSA's first Chief Scout (1910-1915), and Beard the National Scout Commissioner of the United States.

Beginning in 1913, the National Office organized troops into local councils, to coordinate activities, administration, and growth. Growth was rapid. By 1921 there were 400,000 boy scouts and 17,000 scoutmasters.

The Boy Scouts of America helped the country significantly during both [[world war]]s, by selling war [[bond]]s and aiding in [[conservation]] projects.

===Masculinity===
Scouting is not just for the benefit of the boys. It is also an opportunity for adult men to mentor youth and themselves practice outdoor skills. The success of the Scouts resulted in part from increased concern over the maintenance of masculinity in a world of cities and office buildings. [[Theodore Roosevelt]] often sounded the tocsin. Adult men in the 1900-1930 era believed that the opportunities for the development and expression of [[masculinity]] were being restricted. Scouting was a means to counteract perceived forces of [[Feminism|feminization]] in the world of adolescents. The Scouting movement provided adult men, denied by their occupations, an opportunity to validate the traditional image of masculinity.

==Programs==
There are five programs in the Boy Scouts of America. Cub Scouting programs are for boys in first grade through fifth grade (or seven through 10 years of age); the motto for Cub Scouts is to, "Do Your Best." Ninety five percent of all Boy Scouts have participated in Cub Scouts at some time. For boys who are 11 through 17 years of age, or have earned the Cub Scouting [[Arrow of Light]] award and are at least 10 years old, or have completed the fifth grade and are at least 10 years old, they can take part in the Boy Scouts of America program. The Boy Scouts motto is to, "[[Preparedness|Be Prepared]]," and the slogan is to, "Do a Good Turn Daily."<ref name=overview/> The three other possible programs is Varsity Scouting, Venturing, and Order of the Arrow.
{|class="wikitable"
!Program!!Age Range
|-
|[[Cub Scouting]]||7-11
|-
|Boy Scouts||11<ref>Those who have earned the [[Arrow of Light]] may cross over at 10</ref>-18<ref>Exceptions are made to the upper age limit for those with disabilities</ref>
|-
|[[Varsity Scouting]]||14-18
|-
|[[Venturing]]||14-21
|-
|[[Order of the Arrow]]||N/A
|}

===Defining America's greatness===
Many presidents have praised and addressed the Boy Scouts over the years. President [[Calvin Coolidge]] told Scouts in 1924 that the three fundamentals of scouthood are reverence for nature, for the law and for God.<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=24184 Coolidge, "Telephone Remarks to a Group of Boy Scouts," July 25, 1924]</ref>

"There is new life in the soil for every man. There is healing in the trees for tired minds and for our overburdened spirits, there is strength in the hills, if only we will lift up our eyes. Remember that nature is your great restorer....Resolve that the sacrifices by which your great opportunities have been purchased will be matched by a sacrifice, on your part, that will give your children even a better chance....Faith is the great motive power, and no man realizes his full possibilities unless he has the deep conviction that life is eternally important, and that his work, well done, is a part of an unending plan."

[[Gerald Ford]] was an Eagle Scout as well.

==The Scout Oath & Law==
The Scout Oath & Law are the guiding principles of Scouting, and are generally recited at the beginning or end of a Troop meeting.
'''Scout Law:'''<blockquote>
A Scout is trustworthy, loyal, helpful, friendly, courteous, kind, obedient, cheerful, thrifty, brave, clean, and reverent.
</blockquote>
'''Scout Oath:'''<blockquote>On my honor, I will do my best: To do my duty to God and my
country, and to obey the Scout Law, To help other people at all
times. To keep myself physically strong, mentally awake, and morally
straight.</blockquote>

==Ranks==
The requirements and order of the BSA ranks have changed over the years, although the names have only changed little. The current order is as follows:
* Scout
* Tenderfoot
* Second Class
* First Class
* Star Scout
* Life Scout
* [[Eagle Scout]]

===Rank of Eagle Scout===
The highest rank that may be attained by a Boy Scout is that of [[Eagle Scout]], which 2% of Scouts nationwide earn.<ref>http://www.scoutingmagazine.org/issues/0410/d-news.html</ref> One of the requirements for this rank is leading a service project to benefit either the [[community]] at large, or a specific non-profit organization, such as a school or a church. Other requirements include earning at least 21 merit badges (including 12 predetermined ones), being active in the troop for a minimum amount of time, holding a position of leadership within one's troop, and appearing before a Board of Review. All of the requirements for an Eagle Board of Review must be completed before a candidate's 18th birthday (although exceptions may be made for Scouts with mental disabilities), although the Board of Review may occur after this date. Some notable Eagle Scouts include:<ref>[http://www.nesa.org/PDF/NotableEagleScouts.pdf Notable Eagle Scouts (PDF)], nesa.org.</ref>
{|background="none" width="100%" border="1"
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!A-F
!G-L
!M-R
!S-Z
|-
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*[[Neil Armstrong]], first man on the moon.
*[[Willie Banks]], Olympic athlete, former world-record holder in triple jump and long jump.
*[[Lloyd Bentsen]]
*[[Michael Bloomberg]], Mayor of New York city.
*[[Bill Bradley]], former professional basketball player, U.S. senator, and presidential candidate.
*[[Stephen Breyer]], Associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.
*[[Mike Crapo]], U.S. senator from Idaho.
*[[Michael Dukakis]], former governor of Massachusetts and presidential candidate.
*[[Mike Enzi]], U.S. senator from Wyoming.
*[[Thomas Foley]], former speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives and ambassador to Japan.
*[[Gerald Ford]], 38th president of the United States.

|valign="top"|
*[[John Garamendi]], Lieutenant governor of California.
*[[Bill Gates Sr.]], CEO of Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; father of [[Bill Gates]].
*[[Robert Gates]], U.S. secretary of defense and former director of the Central Intelligence Agency.
*[[James A. Lovell Jr.]], former U.S. Navy officer and Apollo 13 commander.
*[[Gary Locke]], former governor of Washington; first Chinese American governor in the United States.
*[[Richard Lugar]], U.S. senator from Indiana.

|valign="top"|
*[[J. Willard Marriott Jr.]], Chairman and CEO of Marriot International.
*[[George Meyer]], writer and producer of ''The Simpsons''.
*[[Ben Nelson]], U.S. senator from Nebraska.
*[[Ross Perot]], founder of EDS and Perot Systems; former presidential candidate.
*[[Rick Perry]], Governor of Texas.
*[[Mike Rowe]], Host of ''Dirty Jobs''.
*[[Donald Rumsfeld]], former U.S. secretary of defense.

|valign="top"|
*[[Jeff Sessions|Jefferson Sessions]], U.S. Attorney General.
*[[William S. Sessions]], former federal judge and director of the FBI.
*[[Gordon Smith]]
*[[Steven Spielberg]]
*[[Sam Walton]]
*[[Togo West]], former U.S. secretary of veterans affairs and secretary of the Army.

|}

==Controversy==
The Boy Scouts of America have come under criticism for their policy regarding [[homosexuals]]. As stated in a 2002 press release from the organization:<ref>http://councils.scouting.org/media/pressreleases/2002/020206.aspx</ref>

::The BSA reaffirmed its view that an avowed homosexual cannot serve as a role model for the traditional moral values espoused in the Scout Oath and Law and that these values cannot be subject to local option choices.

Starting in the late 1990s this led to several high-profile lawsuits, such as the one brought by the [[ACLU]] of San Diego,<ref>http://www.aclusandiego.org/boy_scouts/boy_scouts_082800.html</ref> which proposes that the discriminatory practices of the organization should make them ineligible for the use of public funds or public lands.

The homosexual cases culminated in the [[Supreme Court]]'s Dale decision in 2000, which ruled that as a private organization, the Scouts were entitled to choose their own members. The ACLU lost, but as noted by Robert Bork Jr., spokesman for the BSA and son of the former Supreme Court nominee [[Robert Bork]], the ACLU "has been trying ever since to have the Scouts expelled from the public square." [[Gay rights activist]]s in dozens of cities have persuaded [[United Way]] to stop supporting the Scouts.

Prohibition of homosexual scout leaders is not universal within the BSA, however. The Massachusetts Minuteman Council, for example, adopted a bylaw in 2001 barring exclusion of anyone on the basis of race, religion, or [[sexual orientation]]. The bylaw, which resembles the U. S. Military's "don't ask, don't tell" policy, permits homosexuals to lead troops so long as they do not discuss their sexual orientation. A few other councils have similar policies.<ref>[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4155/is_20010802/ai_n13920546 Mass. Scouts permit gay leaders], Chicago Sun-Times, Aug 2, 2001</ref>

In 2013, the Boy Scouts of America lifted its ban on gay youth. In 2015, the organization lifted its ban on gay leaders.<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/la-na-nn-boy-scouts-gay-leaders-20150713-story.html#page=1 "Boy Scouts of America moves to stop banning gay troop leaders," ''Los Angeles Times,'' July 13, 2015.]</ref> In 2017, it lifted the ban on [[Gender confusion|gender-confused]] scouts.<ref>https://www.theblaze.com/contributions/matt-walsh-goodbye-boy-scouts-of-america-you-spineless-cowards/</ref>

[[Atheist]] Scouts have also been removed from the organization on the basis of the twelfth point of the Scout Law being "reverent".<ref>http://www.beliefnet.com/story/116/story_11619_1.html</ref>

After the BSA "leadership" caved in 2013 to allowing gay scouts in, a Christian alternative to Scouting, called Trail Life USA, was formed.<ref>https://www.theblaze.com/contributions/the-boy-scouts-of-america-is-a-sinking-ship-and-trail-life-usa-is-the-life-raft/</ref>

==See also==
* [[Preparedness|"Be Prepared"]]
* [[Boy Scouts]], for international perspective
* [[Girl Scouts]]

==Further reading==
* Dean, John Isaac. ''Scouting in America, 1910-1990,'' PhD dissertation U. of South Carolina. '' Dissertation Abstracts International'' 1993 53(8): 2713-A. DA9239032, 448p.
* Macleod, David. "Act Your Age: Boyhood, Adolescence, and the Rise of the Boy Scouts of America," ''Journal of Social History'' 1983 16(2): 3-20, [http://www.jstor.org/stable/3787184 in JSTOR]
* Macleod, David. ''Building Character in the American Boy: The Boy Scouts, YMCA, and Their Forerunners, 1870-1920'' (2004), standard scholarly history [https://books.google.com/books?id=fo2pyMMOejIC&pg=PA175&dq=intitle:boy+intitle:scouts&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=3 excerpt and text search]
* Mechling, Jay. ''On My Honor: Boy Scouts and the Making of American Youth.'' (2001) 323 pp. accounts of how the Scouts work in practice, with much attention to songs, rituals, and games [https://books.google.com/books?id=643AsqUC7s0C&dq=intitle:boy+intitle:scouts&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=3 excerpt and text search]
* Tucker, William. "Thrifty, Brave, Clean, and Persecuted: Across the Country, the Boy Scouts Are under Attack," ''National Review'' Volume: 60. Issue: 17. September 15, 2008. pp 32+ [http://www.questia.com/read/5029028796?title=Thrifty%2c%20Brave%2c%20Clean%2c%20and%20Persecuted%3a%20Across%20the%20Country%2c%20the%20Boy%20Scouts%20Are%20under%20Attack online edition]
* Wills, Chuck. ''Boy Scouts of America: A Centennial History'' (2009), popular

==References==
* Boy Scouts of America. ''Handbook for scout masters'' (1914) 352 pages [https://books.google.com/books?id=pEcqAAAAYAAJ&dq=intitle:boy+intitle:scouts&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=3 online edition]
<references/>

==External links==
* [http://www.scouting.org/scouting.aspx Boy Scouts of America] - Home
* [http://www.scouting.org/About/Research/ValuesofAmericans.aspx Values of Americans] - BSA
* [http://www.bsajamboree.org/ National Jamboree]
* [http://www.scouting.org/scoutsource/BoyScouts/AdvancementandAwards/MeritBadges.aspx Introduction to Merit Badges] - A complete list, in alphabetical order, of all of the current merit badge subjects.
* [http://www.scouting.org/scoutsource/BoyScouts/AdvancementandAwards.aspx Advancement & Awards] - The Boy Scout is rewarded for each achievement, which helps him gain self-confidence.
* [http://meritbadge.org/wiki/index.php/Merit_Badge_Worksheets Requirements for ranks and merit badges]

[[Category:Youth Groups]]
[[Category:Service Organizations]]
[[Category:United States Government Chartered Organizations]]
[[Category:Survivalism]]
[[Category:Liberal Organizations]]
[[Category:Boy Scouts]]
[[Category:Progressive Era]]

Cassius Dio

2019-12-30T21:15:28Z

Jesus saves:

'''Cassius Dio''' was a [[Roman]] historian'''Brothers of Italy''' is a [[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]

[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
born in the mid 2nd century and who wrote 80 books on the history of Rome covering almost 1000 years from its inception until 229 A.D. While much of his writing is lost, sizeable portions of his works survive in whole or in fragments and are invaluable to piece together an important part of Roman history.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dio, Cassius}}
[[Category:Roman Historians]]