Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Primate

2008-03-28T22:51:47Z

Jhonson:

'''Primates''' are a group of mainly tropical mammals. Several hundred [[species]] belong to the order.

They are often put into 3 large groups: Prosimians, including lemurs, tarsiers, and lorises. Monkeys are actually split into smaller groups: New World Monkeys, like
spider and howler monkeys, and Old World [[George W. Bush|monkey]]s like languars and baboons. Apes are somewhat similar to monkeys, but have no tail. As formulated by most [[biologist]]s, they include gorillas, gibbons, chimps and humans.

[[Category:Primates| ]]

Monkey

2008-03-28T22:50:30Z

Jhonson: Redirecting to George W. Bush

#REDIRECT [[George W. Bush]]

[[Category:Primates]]

Enrico Fermi

2008-03-28T22:49:54Z

Jhonson:

[[Image:Baseball.jpg|right|thumb]]

'''Enrico Fermi''' (1901-1954) was perhaps the greatest physicist of the 20th century. He was a professor in [[Italy]] until the late 1930s, when he fled to America in order to escape [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini]]. Fermi was unique in being extraordinary in both experimental and theoretical physics. He was a devout Catholic.

In 1926, Fermi discovered the statistical laws known as Fermi statistics, which govern particles (fermions) subject to Pauli's exclusion principle. These particles are different from bosons, which obey Bose-Einstein statistics.

In the mid-1930s, Fermi discovered that one can achieve nuclear transformation by bombarding the element with neutrons. This discovery led to [[nuclear fission]] and also the production of new elements beyond the existing Periodic Table. Fermi won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1938 for his work on the artificial radioactivity produced by neutrons and for nuclear reactions caused by slow neutrons.

After Hahn and Strassmann discovered nuclear fission early in 1939, Fermi discovered the possibility of emission of secondary neutrons and of a chain reaction. He devised a classical series of experiments that generated the first controlled nuclear chain reaction, on a [[squash]] court beneath [[Chicago]]'s stadium on Dec. 2, 1942. Fermi then played a key role in developing the first [[atomic bomb]].

[[Category:Nobel laureates in Physics]]
[[Category:Physicists|Fermi, Enrico]]

Annie Lee Moss

2008-03-28T22:49:09Z

Jhonson:

[[Image:Amazilia fimbriata.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Annie Lee Moss testifying before [[Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations]] on March 12, 1954]]
'''Annie Lee Moss''' was a communications clerk in the [[US Army Signal Corps]] in [[the Pentagon]] accused by the [[US Army]], the [[FBI]], and [[Senator]] [[Joseph McCarthy]] of being a member of the [[American Communist Party]].

==Career==
Moss began her career in the Federal government as a dessert cook in government cafeterias and was promoted to a code clerk in the Pentagon. In 1945, she moved to a job as a clerk in the [[General Accounting Office]] (GAO).<ref>Friedman, 2007, p. 447.</ref> [[Mary Stalcup Markward]], Moss' accuser, had been working undercover for the [[FBI]] for seven years as a member of the [[Washington, D.C.]] [[American Communist Party]], and she had worked as the director of the party's membership.

The FBI had passed this information on to the Army and the Civil Service Commission, yet the Army had still hired Moss as a code clerk, and she was given clearance to do this work.<ref>M. Stanton Evans, “[http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=689 How Senate Historian Botched Data on McCarthy],” ''Human Events'', May 23, 2003</ref> McCarthy’s chief purpose was to find out how Moss, with her Red background, had been promoted from a cafeteria worker to a Pentagon code clerk with access to classified information.<ref>Allan H. Ryskind, “[http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=9669 George Clooney's Clueless Movie],” October 14, 2005</ref>

In October 1949, the GAO board cleared her,<ref>Donald A. Ritchie, [http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/resources/pdf/Volume5.pdf “Introduction,” S. Prt. 107-84 – Executive Sessions of the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Government Operations (McCarthy Hearings 1953-54), Volume 5, “Editor’s Note,” p. XV (PDF p. 17)]</ref> determining that there were “no reasonable grounds” to believe that Moss was disloyal.<ref>Friedman, 2007, p. 448</ref>

==The case==

*Moss acknowledged that one of the top three Washington, D.C., Communists had visited her home and that she had lived, briefly, with an active party member who hosted Communist meetings at her house.<ref>Allan H. Ryskind, “[http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=9669 George Clooney's Clueless Movie],” October 14, 2005</ref>

*Copies of the Communist Party organ ''[[Daily Worker]]'' were delivered to Moss's home, addressed to her, but she denied that they were for her, and claimed that “there are three Annie Lee Mosses” in Washington, DC.<ref name=Oshinsky/><ref>The [[1930]] [[US Census]] for [[Washington, DC]], lists an "Annie K. Moss" born in [[1891]], wife of Otto Moss. There is also an "[[:Image:1930 census Moss 01.jpg|Anne Moss (1910-?) of Connecticut Avenue]]" born in 1910, wife of Benjamin Moss.</ref> At her testimony, Moss stated "We didn't get this Communist paper until after we had moved to Southwest, at 72 R Street."<ref name=Oshinsky/> "[T]he address she gave in getting Government employment was the same as that of an Annie Lee Moss known to FBI Undercover Woman Mary Markward as a Communist."<ref>{{cite news
| title =Committee v. Chairman
| publisher=[[Time magazine]]
| date =[[March 22]], [[1954]]
| url =http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,819556-1,00.html
| accessdate=2007-10-15 }}</ref> "[N]one of the other Anne Mosses lived at the three addresses contained in the CP [Communist Party] records — but this Annie Lee Moss had lived at all of them." <ref>Friedman, 2007, p. 461.</ref>

*Copies of the communist newspaper [[Daily Worker]] were delivered to her address under her name, but she denied that they were for her, and claimed that there was another "Anne Moss" in the [[Washington, DC]] phone book.<ref name=Oshinsky/><ref>The 1930 US Census for [[Washington, DC]], lists an "Annie K. Moss" born in 1891, wife of Otto Moss. There is also an "Anne Moss (1910-?) of Connecticut Avenue" born in 1910, wife of Benjamin Moss.</ref> At her testimony, Moss stated "We didn't get this Communist paper until after we had moved to Southwest, at 72 R Street."<ref name=Oshinsky/>

*"In 1958, the federal Subversive Activities Control Board reported that 'the Communist Party's own records, the authenticity of which the Party has at no time disputed … show that one Annie Lee Moss, 72 R Street SW, Washington DC, was a party member in the mid-1940s.' Joseph E. Persico's 1988 biography, ''Edward R. Murrow: An American Original'', reports this finding as does historian [[Arthur Herman]]'s 1999 revisionist account, ''Joseph McCarthy: Reexamining the Life and Legacy of America's Most Hated Senator''."<ref>
{{cite web
| last = Shafer
| first =Jack
| title =Edward R. Movie: Good Night, and Good Luck and bad history.
| publisher =Slate.com
| date = October 5, 2005
| url = http://www.slate.com/id/2127596/
| accessdate=2007-10-15 }}
</ref><ref>
{{cite book
| last = Herman
| first = Arthur
| authorlink=Arthur L. Herman
| title = Joseph McCarthy: Reexamining the Life and Legacy of America's Most Hated Senator
| publisher = Free Press
| date = 1999
| pages = pp 333+
| id = ISBN 0-684-83625-4 }}</ref><ref>
{{cite book
| last = Herman
| first = Arthur
| title = Joseph McCarthy: Reexamining the Life and Legacy of America's Most Hated Senator
| publisher = Free Press
| date = 1999
| pages = pp 333+
| id = ISBN 0-684-83625-4 }}</ref> The SACB verdict was that the Communist Party membership rolls “corroborate Markward’s testimony in the Moss security hearings.”<ref>Allan H. Ryskind, “[http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=9669 George Clooney's Clueless Movie],” October 14, 2005</ref> In its September 19, 1958, report, the SACB concluded, “the Communist Party’s charge that Markward gave perjurious testimony was not substantiated. Consequently, Mrs. Markward’s credibility is in no way impaired by the Annie Lee Moss matter.” <ref>M. Stanton Evans, “[http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=689 How Senate Historian Botched Data on McCarthy],” ''Human Events’’, May 23, 2003</ref>

*Donald Ritchie, associate historian in the Senate Historical Office, "In 1958 the Subversive Activities Control Board confirmed Markward’s assertion that Moss’ name had appeared on the Communist party rolls in the mid-1940s."<ref>Ritchie, 2003, p. XV</ref> The SACB report states:

<blockquote><blockquote>"The situation that has resulted on the Annie Lee Moss question is that copies of the Communist party's own records, the authenticity of which the party has at no time disputed, were produced to it (Exhibits 499 to 511 inclusive), and show that one Annie Lee Moss, 72 R Street, S.W., Washington, D.C., was a party member in the mid-1940's. Yet, on several occasions before the Court of Appeals and the Board the party charged that witness Markward had committed perjury before the Defense Department in the Moss Security Hearing in testifying to what the party's own records showed to be fact.</blockquote></blockquote>

<blockquote><blockquote>"We conclude that upon production of the documents demanded by respondent, the Communist party's charge that Markward gave perjurious testimony was not sustained. Consequently, Mrs. Markward's testimony is in no way impaired by the Annie Lee Moss matter."<ref>Subversive Activities Control Board, Docket No. 51-101, William P. Rogers, Attorney General of the U.S. v. The Communist Party of the U.S., recommended decision on second remand, September 19, 1958, p. 5</ref></blockquote></blockquote>

*In the landmark [[United States Supreme Court]] decision of ''Communist Party of the United States v. Subversive Activities Control Board'', 367 U.S. 1, 86 (1961)<ref>[http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0367_0001_ZO.html Communist Party of the United States v. Subversive Activities Control Board, 367 U.S. 1, 86 (1961)]</ref>, Justice [[Felix Frankfurter]] (who had been a mentor of and character witness for [[Alger Hiss]]) , writing for the majority, noted in response to allegations by the Communist Party that Markward had committed perjury, “On December 18, 1956, the [Subversive Activities Control] Board issued its 240-page Modified Report. It found that Mrs. Markward was a credible witness....”

*The [[US Army]] charged Moss with being card number 37269 in the [[American Communist Party]], saying she was issued the card in 1943.<ref>{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Mrs. Moss Is Accused As Card-Carrying Red. |url= |quote=[[Washington, DC]], August 5, 1954 ([[Associated Press]]) A report that Annie Lee Moss was given a Communist party membership book for 1943 resulted in her suspension for a second time from her job with the [[Army Signal Corps]]. |publisher=[[New York Times]] |date=August 6, 1954 |accessdate=2007-09-25}}</ref>

*Andrea Friedman, associate professor of history and of women and gender studies at Washington University in St. Louis, reported "substantial, if contested, evidence possessed by the U.S. government of her [Moss's] involvement in the [Communist] party. That evidence—consisting of perhaps a dozen pieces of paper—included a list of “party recruits” that identified Moss by name, race, age, and occupation; membership lists from two Communist party branches, the [[Communist Political Association]], and various ad hoc committees containing Moss’s name and address, as well as the number of her CP [Communist Party] membership book; and receipt records from 1945 for ''Daily Worker'' subscriptions that included Moss’s name and amounts paid."<ref>Ritchie, 2003.</ref>

From 1943 to 1949, Mary Markward had held such positions in the Communist Party as membership director and treasurer, reporting regularly to the FBI, providing copies of party documents, membership lists, and detailed accounts of meetings and activities.<ref>Friedman, 2007, p. 459.</ref>

At an executive session of HUAC on February 22, 1954, Markward identified Annie Lee Moss as a former cafeteria worker whose name had appeared on the Communist party’s membership rolls in 1944. Immediately following this executive session, Markward testified in a public hearing that as treasurer of the Northeast Club of the Communist party that she had seen “a woman by the name of Annie Lee Moss on the list of card-carrying, dues-paying members” of the Communist Party membership rolls. <ref>Ritchie, 2003, p. XIV</ref>

At her first loyalty hearing, Moss admitted attending a meeting, which she claimed she expected would be a “social affair,” only to realize it was a Communist meeting. In 1954, she told HUAC that she had accompanied an acquaintance to yet another meeting, this time at the church down the street that hosted Communist Party meetings. She claimed not to know that the acquaintance was an active member of the Communist party.<ref>Friedman, 2007, p. 451.</ref>

Markward's testimony was the only [[evidence]] presented that Moss was a member of the American Communist Party,{{fact|date=October 2007}}. Neither McCarthy nor Markward ever accused Moss of being an active [[spy]] for [[Russia]].

==See also==
*[[McCarthyism]]
*[[Milo Radulovich]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==

*[[New York Times]]; February 24, 1954. McCarthy Says Red Decodes Secrets, But Army Denies It; Senator Charges Woman Is Still In Key Job. She Says She Never Was Communist [[FBI]] Ex-Aide Testifies Asserts Accused Was In Party -- Pentagon Insists She Had No Access To Vital Room McCarthy Accuses Employee Of Army. [[Washington, D.C.]], February 24, 1954. Senator Joseph R. McCarthy engaged the Army today in another verbal duel over an alleged Communist in the Pentagon's Signal Corps communications center.
*[[New York Times]]; March 12, 1954. Cohn Scored When Woman Denies McCarthy’s Charges; Mrs. Moss Counters Accusation As Red While Senators Decry 'Innuendo'. Crowd Applauds Hearing Scene Red Denial Stirs McCarthy Session. [[Washington, DC]], March 11, 1954. Mrs. Annie Lee Moss, suspended [[Army Signal Corps]] employee, softly but flatly denied all Communist party activities or membership today.
*[[New York Times]]; August 5, 1954. Mrs. Moss ousted by Army again. Pentagon Reports New Data on Case of Employee Called Communist by McCarthy. [[Washington, DC]], August 4, 1954 ([[United Press]]). The Army suspended Mrs. Annie Lee Moss from her Pentagon job for the second time today pending final settlement of her security case.
*[[New York Times]]; August 25, 1954. Denial by Mrs. Moss; She Asks That Army Produce Those Who Called Her Red. [[Washington, DC]], August 24, 1954. Mrs. Annie Lee Moss, again denying Communist ties, has asked the Army to produce her accusers at a security screening board hearing.
*[[New York Times]]; January 20, 1955. Mrs. Moss Restored To a Job by Wilson. [[Charles Erwin Wilson|Charles E. Wilson]] restored Annie Lee Moss to an Army job today, but transferred her from the Pentagon.
*[[New York Times]]; May 3, 1957. She Lost Job With Army as a Result of McCarthy Charge. Mrs. Annie Lee Moss, who temporarily lost her job because of Senator Joseph R. McCarthy, said tonight she was "sorry" to hear of his death.
*In the landmark [[United States Supreme Court]] case of ''[[Albertson v. Subversive Activities Control Board]]'', 382 U.S. 70, 86 S.Ct. 194, 15 L.Ed.2d 165 (1965), the Court struck down a [[federal statute]] requiring individuals to register as members of the [[American Communist Party]] as unconstitutional for violating the [[Self-Incrimination Clause]] of the [[Fifth Amendment]] of the [[United States Constitution]]. Later, in the companion [[US Supreme Court]] cases of ''[[Baird v. State Bar of Arizona]]'', 401 U.S. 1, 91 S.Ct. 702, 27 L.Ed.2d 639 (1971), and ''[[Application of Stolar]]'', 401 U.S. 23, 91 S.Ct. 713, 27 L.Ed.2d 657 (1971), the Court, in 5-4 decisions, struck down as unconstitutional a requirement of the [[Arizona State Bar]] that applicants for [[state bar]] membership could be denied admission for failure to list membership in the [[Communist Party]] on their applications. In a [[plurality opinion]] in which three other justices joined, Justice [[Hugo Black]] opined that such a requirement violated the principle of [[Freedom of Association]] guaranteed under the [[First Amendment]].

==External links==
*[http://richard.arthur.norton.googlepages.com/annieleemossbibliography Annie Lee Moss bibliography]
*[http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=689 Human Events: Annie Lee Moss]
*[http://www.opinionjournal.com/medialog/?id=110003713 Dorothy Rabinowitz, "A Conspiracy So Vast: Meet Ann Coulter, the Maureen Dowd of the conservatives," OpinionJournal (excerpts from the Wall Street Journal editorial page), July 7, 2003]
*[http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=1685 Allan H. Ryskind, "Coulter and Her Critics," ''Human Events'', September 2, 2003]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Moss, Annie Lee}}

[[Category:Communist Party USA members]]

Wernicke's aphasia

2008-03-28T22:48:39Z

Jhonson:

'''Wernicke's aphasia''' is a syndrome<ref>http://www.whonamedit.com/synd.cfm/1318.html</ref> first described described by [[Germany|German]] [[neurology|neurologist]] [[Carl Wernicke]]. It was originally known as [[sensory aphasia]] but is now known as Wernicke's aphasia in his honor<ref>http://www.uic.edu/depts/mcne/founders/page0101.html</ref>.

[[Image:Amazilia fimbriata.jpg|right|200px|frame|Wernicke's drawing of the brain]]The syndrome was first noted in a male patient of Wernicke who had suffered a [[stroke]], despite still being able to [[speech|speak]] and [[hearing|hear]], the [[man]] could barely understand what was said to him nor could he understand [[writing|written]] words. Following the [[death]] of the patient, Wernicke conducted an [[autopsy]] and found a lesion in the rear parietal/temporal region of the patient's left [[brain]] hemisphere. Wernicke concluded that this region was involved in speech comprehension as it was close to the auditory region of the brain. It is now known as [[Wernicke's area]]. The syndrome was first documented in 1874 in ''The Aphasic Symptom Complex'' a book which propelled Wernicke to international fame<ref>http://www.uic.edu/depts/mcne/founders/page0101.html</ref>.

==Symptoms==
The main [[symptom]]s of the [[aphasia]] comprise loss of comprehension of spoken language, loss of ability to [[reading|read]] (silently) and write, and distortion of articulate speech. Although the affected persons may speak fluently with a natural [[rhythm]] the result may have no understandable meaning nor [[syntax]] although word memory is preserved and words are often chosen correctly. [[Alexia]], [[agraphia]], [[acalculia]], and [[paraphasia]] are frequently associated. Some patients are [[euphoria|euphoric]] and/or [[paranoia|paranoid]].

==Synonyms==
[[Bastian's aphasia]] 
[[Pick-Wernicke syndrome]] (Arnold Pick) 
[[Wernicke's aphasic syndrome]] 
[[Kozhevnikov-Wernicke aphasia]] 

==Notes & references==
<references/>

[[Category:Medicine]]

Talk:Gothic II: The Night of the the Raven

2008-03-20T19:17:38Z

Jhonson: New page: I, Jhonson, am the only author of this exact same article, also present on Wikipedia. I have also read somewhere on Conservapedia, that copying from Wikipedia is permitted as long as you'r...

I, Jhonson, am the only author of this exact same article, also present on Wikipedia. I have also read somewhere on Conservapedia, that copying from Wikipedia is permitted as long as you're the main/ only author. [[User:Jhonson|Jhonson]] 15:17, 20 March 2008 (EDT)

New York City

2008-03-20T18:39:58Z

Jhonson:

'''New York City''', officially '''City of New York''', is a municipality in the state of [[New York]], located on the easter coast of the [[United States of America]]. With a population of 8,143,197 as in 2005, it is the most populous city in the [[United States]]. The city is divided in five different areas, out of which the most popular is Manhattan, a financial and comercial center of the city. On a worldwide view, the New York is rated as an [[Global city|alpha world city]], for its global importance in [[fashion]], [[trading]], [[education]] and [[arts]].

The city is also an important tourist destination, thanks to the many landmarks it has, these including the [[Statue of Liberty]], [[Wall Street]], in [[Lower Manhattan]], and many others. The city has also become the home of many buildings cataloged as some the tallest buildings in the world, like [[Empire State Building]], and the [[World Trade Center]] towers, which were destroyed in the September 11, 2001 attacks.

== History ==

[[Image:NYC.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Historic New York City]]
New York City was formerly named [[New Amsterdam]], in recognition of the original Dutch settlement of the area. It was not the largest city in the colonies ([[Boston]], then [[Philadelphia]], held those honors). But after the completion of the [[Erie Canal]], New York City became a trading center connecting the [[Atlantic Ocean]] to the [[Great Lakes]] and [[Midwest]].

The use of [[Ellis Island]] as the checkpoint for millions of European immigrants in the late 1800s caused New York City's population to swell, as many settled in nearby areas.

[[Image:800px-Times Square Panorama1.jpg|thumb|800px|center|A panoramic view of New York's Time Square.]]

==References==
*[http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0763098.html Information Please - Top 50 Cities in the U.S.]

[[Category:United States Towns and Cities]]

New York City

2008-03-20T18:39:35Z

Jhonson:

'''New York City''', officially '''City of New York''', is a municipality in the state of [[New York]], located on the easter coast of the [[United States of America]]. With a population of 8,143,197 as in 2005, it is the most populous city in the [[United States]]. The city is divided in five different areas, out of which the most popular is Manhattan, a financial and comercial center of the city. On a worldwide view, the New York is rated as an [[Global city|alpha world city]], for its global importance in [[fashion]], [[trading]], [[education]] and [[arts]].

The city is also an important turist destination, thanks to the many landmarks it has, these including the [[Statue of Liberty]], [[Wall Street]], in [[Lower Manhattan]], and many others. The city has also become the home of many buildings cataloged as some the tallest buildings in the world, like [[Empipre State Building]], and the [[World Trade Center]] towers, which were destroyed in the September 11, 2001 attacks.

== History ==

[[Image:NYC.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Historic New York City]]
New York City was formerly named [[New Amsterdam]], in recognition of the original Dutch settlement of the area. It was not the largest city in the colonies ([[Boston]], then [[Philadelphia]], held those honors). But after the completion of the [[Erie Canal]], New York City became a trading center connecting the [[Atlantic Ocean]] to the [[Great Lakes]] and [[Midwest]].

The use of [[Ellis Island]] as the checkpoint for millions of European immigrants in the late 1800s caused New York City's population to swell, as many settled in nearby areas.

[[Image:800px-Times Square Panorama1.jpg|thumb|800px|center|A panoramic view of New York's Time Square.]]

==References==
*[http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0763098.html Information Please - Top 50 Cities in the U.S.]

[[Category:United States Towns and Cities]]

Elephant

2008-03-20T10:46:41Z

Jhonson: a small spelling correction replced d with s

[[Image:elephant.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Image from http://www.sxc.hu/]]
The '''elephants''' are three species of very large mammals belonging to the family Elephantidae - the only extant family belonging to the order Proboscidea. The three elephant species currently recognized by scientists are the African [[Bush]] Elephant, the African [[Forest]] Elephant (until recently known collectively as the African Elephant), and the Asian Elephant (also known as the Indian Elephant).

Elephants are the largest land animals alive today. Apart from their massive size their most striking features are a long trunk, or proboscis, a flexible nose strong enough to lift objects, their huge [[ivory]] tusks, and their large flapping ears, used to keep them cool.

Bull elephants, when inclined to mate, enter a frenzied state called ''musth''; they fight with each other for possession of the cow elephants, and become a menace to everything in their path; many humans are killed at this time. Elephants' gestation period, at 22 months, is the longest of any land mammal. At birth it is common for an elephant calf to weigh 120 kg (265 lb). An elephant may live as long as 70 years, sometimes longer.

The largest elephant ever recorded (the Fenykovi elephant, now in the [[Smithsonian Institution]]) was shot in [[Angola]] in 1954. It was male and weighed about 12,000 kg (26,400 lb), with a shoulder height of 4.2m, a meter taller than the average male African elephant.

==Uses of Elephants==
[[Image:Elephant2.jpg|left]]
Elephants (today generally Indian, but historically African elephants also) have been used as beasts of burden and draught animals, as mounts in processions and in war (notably by [[Hannibal]]), playing [[polo]], and as [[circus]] performers.

==Similar species==

Molecular and morphological evidence point to [[hyrax|hyraxes]] and [[Sirenia|sirenians]] (sea cows and manatees) as the most similar living creatures to elephants<ref>Hidenori Nishihara et al. A Retroposon Analysis of Afrotherian Phylogeny. ''Molecular Biology and Evolution'' '''22''': 1823-1833,</ref>, and these groups are hypothesized by evolutionists to have shared a common ancestor approximately 50 million years ago. The three extant species of elephant are sole survivors of a much more diverse Proboscidian fauna with some 170 described [[fossil]] species and including species of [[mammoth]] from [[North America]] and the massive ''Deinotherium'', the second largest land mammal that ever lived, which sported two downward facing tusks.

==Trivia==

*A ''white elephant'' (from the historical veneration of such animals in Southeast Asia) is the term for a possession whose upkeep cost exceeds its expense, making it an overall liability.
*An elephant is the symbol of America's [[Republican Party]].
*Elephants are said to never forget and uphold resolutions relating to genocide.
*Elephants are said to be afraid of [[mouse|mice]].

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Mammals]]
[[Category:Dangerous animals]]