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	<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=JimFullerton</id>
	<title>Conservapedia - User contributions [en]</title>
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	<updated>2026-10-09T19:44:38Z</updated>
	<subtitle>User contributions</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.35.14</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Ice_ages&amp;diff=852474</id>
		<title>Ice ages</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Ice_ages&amp;diff=852474"/>
		<updated>2011-02-26T22:22:06Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: Redirected page to Ice age&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#redirect [[Ice age]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Copernicanism&amp;diff=852473</id>
		<title>Copernicanism</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Copernicanism&amp;diff=852473"/>
		<updated>2011-02-26T22:21:52Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: Redirected page to Nicolaus Copernicus&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#REDIRECT [[Nicolaus Copernicus]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Template_talk:Rifle&amp;diff=850085</id>
		<title>Template talk:Rifle</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Template_talk:Rifle&amp;diff=850085"/>
		<updated>2011-02-18T05:17:19Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: Origin&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Origin ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hi, could someone who can edit this template please change the origin section? Currently it automatically adds a link to the place of origin inputted , but this causes problems if there is more than one area of origin (such as [[Desert Eagle]]). The change is simple, the section just needs the &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;[[]]&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; brackets removed. I think that should fix the problem. Thanks, [[User:JimFullerton|JimFullerton]] 00:17, 18 February 2011 (EST)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:United_States_presidential_election,_2012&amp;diff=849945</id>
		<title>Talk:United States presidential election, 2012</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:United_States_presidential_election,_2012&amp;diff=849945"/>
		<updated>2011-02-17T21:56:08Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: /* Question */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;I think the biggest negative about John Thune (other than the fact that he's not really well known right now) is that he supported the McCain-Feingold bill.  He's since admitted that that was a mistake, and no one is perfect, of course, but if he does seriously run in 2012, people are going to bring that vote up.--[[User:Whizkid|Whizkid]] 22:56, 12 February 2010 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Good point, I'll add it.  I don't think it disqualifies him.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 22:58, 12 February 2010 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Is Mitt Romney &amp;quot;regularly&amp;quot; on Fox?  I haven't seen that, but I don't watch it regularly.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 09:44, 15 February 2010 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:If no one can vouch for Mitt Romney being &amp;quot;regularly&amp;quot; on Fox, then I'll revert it back to something like &amp;quot;rarely&amp;quot; on Fox.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 16:45, 15 February 2010 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:::While &amp;quot;regularly&amp;quot; is obviously a subjective measure, he's been on Fox a lot lately.  He was on Hannity on January 20th, on &amp;quot;On the Record with Greta van Sustern&amp;quot; on January 11th, and on Hannity again on December 18th.  Of course, a lot of that was to discuss the Scott Brown race.  Sean Hannity also had him on a lot in 2008 after John McCain got the nomination to analyze the presidential race.  While I don't have an opinion as to whether or not that counts as regularly, I thought you might like to know.--[[User:Whizkid|Whizkid]] 17:23, 15 February 2010 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::::That's helpful, but doesn't seem to be nearly as much as the Fox favorites of Palin, Huckabee and Gingrich.  So perhaps &amp;quot;on occasionally&amp;quot; might describe this best.  2008 is ancient history and not relevant to appearances in connection with 2012.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 17:54, 15 February 2010 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Hillary Clinton==&lt;br /&gt;
Of all potential candidates, Obama, Palin, McCain, Romney, ''et all'', [[Hillary Clinton]] currently enjoys the highest approval ratings at 58%.  It is hard not to believe the Clintons are not seriously mulling thier options at the moment.  This article should note the distinct possibility of a Democratic Primary challenge in 2012 as ''[[US News]]'' has reported. [http://www.usnews.com/blogs/peter-roff/2010/01/27/a-hillary-clinton-primary-challenge-to-obama-in-2012.html]  Obama recently remarked on the possibility of being a one term president in his Diane Sawyer interview and Hillary stated she cannot see herself being Secretary of State after 2012.  [[User:RobSmith|Rob Smith]] 10:02, 15 February 2010 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Sarah Palin ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Is &amp;quot;irrational liberal hatred of her&amp;quot; really a con?  It seems it will just make the Democrats look foolish when they foam at the mouth and drive more voters to the Republicans. [[User:DouglasA|DouglasA]] 13:40, 31 March 2010 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
: You may be right, but it could be a hurdle.  The liberal media are losing market share but still have some.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 17:00, 31 March 2010 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
::I'm guessing it'd come down to her performance.  If she does well in debate and interviews, the rage will look silly. [[User:DouglasA|DouglasA]] 17:10, 31 March 2010 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
:::People resent seeing those like them being attacked.  They look at Palin and see someone they know IRL. We all have family dramas and tribulations.  Those outside the political world don't see her quitting as Governor to be as bad a thing as the media and political world make it out to be, to use but one example. --&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;/Admin&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; 17:20, 31 March 2010 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Ken Cuccinelli ==&lt;br /&gt;
Why is &amp;quot;effective critic of Obama&amp;quot; under cons? I have a feeling that might have been vandalism. Does anyone oppose if that is moved to a pro?--[[User:IScott|IScott]] 18:45, 6 July 2010 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
: Please do.  Great point, thanks.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 19:06, 6 July 2010 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== A concern ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Does anyone feel like having so many potential Republican candidates is a detriment? It just feels like the Republican Party is so divided these days.&lt;br /&gt;
As for Clinton and Obama, if Clinton wins over Obama I'd be thoroughly surprised. Correct me if I'm wrong, but I'm pretty sure the incumbent president has never been beaten in the primaries by someone else in their own party. Also, I think Obama has kept a lot of moderates on his side. However, he's never been a friend of the right, and he's alienating the left. Just my 2 cents. --[[User:JasonN|JasonN]] 12:40, 24 August 2010 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
: In 1968, incumbent [[Lyndon Johnson]] felt compelled to withdraw from the race after being humiliated by the strong showing of [[Eugene McCarthy]] against him in the first primary.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
: As to the large number, that's appropriate at this stage so that no one is missed.  Competition is a good thing!--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 13:14, 24 August 2010 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Rubio and Experience ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I'm curious what you all think about Rubio in 2012.  The article says &amp;quot;Will face liberal double standard: what's OK for Obama (e.g., inexperience) is somehow not OK for a conservative.&amp;quot;  But it seems to me that by pushing him in 2012 we might be equally guilty of a conservative double standard: Obama was quite rightly attacked by conservatives for inexperience.  But what's not OK for Obama is OK for Rubio?  My perspective is that Rubio should serve out his term and consider a run in 2020, probably holding a high office (maybe VP) during the 2017-2021 term of whoever ends up beating Obama. Thoughts? --[[User:LanceS|LanceS]] 22:31, 3 November 2010 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Most conservatives criticized Obama for being too liberal.  I don't think Obama's inexperience was the major basis for criticism, but it will be when liberals criticize Rubio.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 00:47, 4 November 2010 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::Obama was criticized, and rightly so, for ''absolutely no executive experience''.  He had experience as a legislator, but had never actually held a job that required executive experience, running a company and meeting a payroll.  Since that criticism was rejected by the Obama camp, one would think it would be off-limits for them to use it against Rubio.  But since liberals don't think logically, and only care about smearing their opponents, as Andy said.....of course they will use it!  --&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;/Admin&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; 01:08, 4 November 2010 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== &amp;quot;New&amp;quot; president ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I just made a minor edit, but have a feeling it may be contentious, so I'll explain a bit here. The opening sentence said the election is when the U.S. &amp;quot;picks a new president.&amp;quot; I removed &amp;quot;new&amp;quot; because, inasmuch as it's likely that Obama will not be re-elected, it's still possible, meaning the country may not have a new president, but rather the same old one. [[User:EMorris|EMorris]] 13:34, 15 November 2010 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
: Thanks for your clarifying edit.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 13:45, 15 November 2010 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Sarah Palin ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sarah Palin did appoint a judge who is not pro-life, but with the way the Alaskan Constitution is written she had to appoint one of the people nominated by the Judicial council. Her choices were anti-life, more anti-life, and most anti-life. She chose anti-life. --[[User:AlaskanEconomy|AlaskanEconomy]] 21:45, 6 February 2011 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:I don't agree.  Palin picked the more anti-life candidate, and of course she did not have to pick anyone at all.  Moreover, good politicians anticipate tricks by the other side and advert crises before they occur ... if they want to, that is.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 16:45, 17 February 2011 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Question ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I understand that the Republicans are ordered by likelihood of success, but have you done the same for the Democrats? If so, I really don't see Mike Gravel having any chance of winning the nomination. He is too far left for most of the democratic base and he is an incredible flip-flopper (he ran for the Libertarian nomination in 2008). Otherwise, this is a fascinating article. [[User:JimFullerton|JimFullerton]] 13:23, 17 February 2011 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Excellent point.  I've improved the ranking on the [[Democratic]] side.  Please feel free to improve further.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 16:42, 17 February 2011 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
::The new ranking is great. It would be very interesting to see Hillary Clinton attempt another primary run against Obama. [[User:JimFullerton|JimFullerton]] 16:56, 17 February 2011 (EST)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:United_States_presidential_election,_2012&amp;diff=849922</id>
		<title>Talk:United States presidential election, 2012</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:United_States_presidential_election,_2012&amp;diff=849922"/>
		<updated>2011-02-17T18:23:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: /* Question */ new section&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;I think the biggest negative about John Thune (other than the fact that he's not really well known right now) is that he supported the McCain-Feingold bill.  He's since admitted that that was a mistake, and no one is perfect, of course, but if he does seriously run in 2012, people are going to bring that vote up.--[[User:Whizkid|Whizkid]] 22:56, 12 February 2010 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Good point, I'll add it.  I don't think it disqualifies him.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 22:58, 12 February 2010 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Is Mitt Romney &amp;quot;regularly&amp;quot; on Fox?  I haven't seen that, but I don't watch it regularly.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 09:44, 15 February 2010 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:If no one can vouch for Mitt Romney being &amp;quot;regularly&amp;quot; on Fox, then I'll revert it back to something like &amp;quot;rarely&amp;quot; on Fox.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 16:45, 15 February 2010 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:::While &amp;quot;regularly&amp;quot; is obviously a subjective measure, he's been on Fox a lot lately.  He was on Hannity on January 20th, on &amp;quot;On the Record with Greta van Sustern&amp;quot; on January 11th, and on Hannity again on December 18th.  Of course, a lot of that was to discuss the Scott Brown race.  Sean Hannity also had him on a lot in 2008 after John McCain got the nomination to analyze the presidential race.  While I don't have an opinion as to whether or not that counts as regularly, I thought you might like to know.--[[User:Whizkid|Whizkid]] 17:23, 15 February 2010 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::::That's helpful, but doesn't seem to be nearly as much as the Fox favorites of Palin, Huckabee and Gingrich.  So perhaps &amp;quot;on occasionally&amp;quot; might describe this best.  2008 is ancient history and not relevant to appearances in connection with 2012.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 17:54, 15 February 2010 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Hillary Clinton==&lt;br /&gt;
Of all potential candidates, Obama, Palin, McCain, Romney, ''et all'', [[Hillary Clinton]] currently enjoys the highest approval ratings at 58%.  It is hard not to believe the Clintons are not seriously mulling thier options at the moment.  This article should note the distinct possibility of a Democratic Primary challenge in 2012 as ''[[US News]]'' has reported. [http://www.usnews.com/blogs/peter-roff/2010/01/27/a-hillary-clinton-primary-challenge-to-obama-in-2012.html]  Obama recently remarked on the possibility of being a one term president in his Diane Sawyer interview and Hillary stated she cannot see herself being Secretary of State after 2012.  [[User:RobSmith|Rob Smith]] 10:02, 15 February 2010 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Sarah Palin ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Is &amp;quot;irrational liberal hatred of her&amp;quot; really a con?  It seems it will just make the Democrats look foolish when they foam at the mouth and drive more voters to the Republicans. [[User:DouglasA|DouglasA]] 13:40, 31 March 2010 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
: You may be right, but it could be a hurdle.  The liberal media are losing market share but still have some.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 17:00, 31 March 2010 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
::I'm guessing it'd come down to her performance.  If she does well in debate and interviews, the rage will look silly. [[User:DouglasA|DouglasA]] 17:10, 31 March 2010 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
:::People resent seeing those like them being attacked.  They look at Palin and see someone they know IRL. We all have family dramas and tribulations.  Those outside the political world don't see her quitting as Governor to be as bad a thing as the media and political world make it out to be, to use but one example. --&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;/Admin&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; 17:20, 31 March 2010 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Ken Cuccinelli ==&lt;br /&gt;
Why is &amp;quot;effective critic of Obama&amp;quot; under cons? I have a feeling that might have been vandalism. Does anyone oppose if that is moved to a pro?--[[User:IScott|IScott]] 18:45, 6 July 2010 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
: Please do.  Great point, thanks.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 19:06, 6 July 2010 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== A concern ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Does anyone feel like having so many potential Republican candidates is a detriment? It just feels like the Republican Party is so divided these days.&lt;br /&gt;
As for Clinton and Obama, if Clinton wins over Obama I'd be thoroughly surprised. Correct me if I'm wrong, but I'm pretty sure the incumbent president has never been beaten in the primaries by someone else in their own party. Also, I think Obama has kept a lot of moderates on his side. However, he's never been a friend of the right, and he's alienating the left. Just my 2 cents. --[[User:JasonN|JasonN]] 12:40, 24 August 2010 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
: In 1968, incumbent [[Lyndon Johnson]] felt compelled to withdraw from the race after being humiliated by the strong showing of [[Eugene McCarthy]] against him in the first primary.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
: As to the large number, that's appropriate at this stage so that no one is missed.  Competition is a good thing!--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 13:14, 24 August 2010 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Rubio and Experience ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I'm curious what you all think about Rubio in 2012.  The article says &amp;quot;Will face liberal double standard: what's OK for Obama (e.g., inexperience) is somehow not OK for a conservative.&amp;quot;  But it seems to me that by pushing him in 2012 we might be equally guilty of a conservative double standard: Obama was quite rightly attacked by conservatives for inexperience.  But what's not OK for Obama is OK for Rubio?  My perspective is that Rubio should serve out his term and consider a run in 2020, probably holding a high office (maybe VP) during the 2017-2021 term of whoever ends up beating Obama. Thoughts? --[[User:LanceS|LanceS]] 22:31, 3 November 2010 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Most conservatives criticized Obama for being too liberal.  I don't think Obama's inexperience was the major basis for criticism, but it will be when liberals criticize Rubio.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 00:47, 4 November 2010 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::Obama was criticized, and rightly so, for ''absolutely no executive experience''.  He had experience as a legislator, but had never actually held a job that required executive experience, running a company and meeting a payroll.  Since that criticism was rejected by the Obama camp, one would think it would be off-limits for them to use it against Rubio.  But since liberals don't think logically, and only care about smearing their opponents, as Andy said.....of course they will use it!  --&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;/Admin&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; 01:08, 4 November 2010 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== &amp;quot;New&amp;quot; president ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I just made a minor edit, but have a feeling it may be contentious, so I'll explain a bit here. The opening sentence said the election is when the U.S. &amp;quot;picks a new president.&amp;quot; I removed &amp;quot;new&amp;quot; because, inasmuch as it's likely that Obama will not be re-elected, it's still possible, meaning the country may not have a new president, but rather the same old one. [[User:EMorris|EMorris]] 13:34, 15 November 2010 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
: Thanks for your clarifying edit.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 13:45, 15 November 2010 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Sarah Palin ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sarah Palin did appoint a judge who is not pro-life, but with the way the Alaskan Constitution is written she had to appoint one of the people nominated by the Judicial council. Her choices were anti-life, more anti-life, and most anti-life. She chose anti-life. --[[User:AlaskanEconomy|AlaskanEconomy]] 21:45, 6 February 2011 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Question ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I understand that the Republicans are ordered by likelihood of success, but have you done the same for the Democrats? If so, I really don't see Mike Gravel having any chance of winning the nomination. He is too far left for most of the democratic base and he is an incredible flip-flopper (he ran for the Libertarian nomination in 2008). Otherwise, this is a fascinating article. [[User:JimFullerton|JimFullerton]] 13:23, 17 February 2011 (EST)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Plessy_v_ferguson&amp;diff=848339</id>
		<title>Plessy v ferguson</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Plessy_v_ferguson&amp;diff=848339"/>
		<updated>2011-02-11T18:13:54Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: Redirected page to Plessy v. Ferguson&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#REDIRECT [[Plessy v. Ferguson]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Evolutionary_stable_strategy&amp;diff=848338</id>
		<title>Evolutionary stable strategy</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Evolutionary_stable_strategy&amp;diff=848338"/>
		<updated>2011-02-11T18:11:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: double redirect&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#REDIRECT [[Evolutionary game theory]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Conservapedia_talk:Which_was_worse%3F_the_Civil_War_and_it%27s_effects_or_slavery%3F&amp;diff=848005</id>
		<title>Conservapedia talk:Which was worse? the Civil War and it's effects or slavery?</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Conservapedia_talk:Which_was_worse%3F_the_Civil_War_and_it%27s_effects_or_slavery%3F&amp;diff=848005"/>
		<updated>2011-02-09T16:48:31Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: Redirected page to Talk:Debate:Which was worse, the Civil War or effects or slavery?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#REDIRECT [[Talk:Debate:Which was worse, the Civil War or effects or slavery?]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Conservapedia:Which_was_worse%3F_the_Civil_War_and_it%27s_effects_or_slavery%3F&amp;diff=848003</id>
		<title>Conservapedia:Which was worse? the Civil War and it's effects or slavery?</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Conservapedia:Which_was_worse%3F_the_Civil_War_and_it%27s_effects_or_slavery%3F&amp;diff=848003"/>
		<updated>2011-02-09T16:47:08Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: Redirected page to Debate:Which was worse, the Civil War or effects or slavery?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#REDIRECT [[Debate:Which was worse, the Civil War or effects or slavery?]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Subset&amp;diff=847214</id>
		<title>Subset</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Subset&amp;diff=847214"/>
		<updated>2011-02-06T19:11:10Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;A '''subset''' is a [[set]] within another set.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Mathematical Definition==&lt;br /&gt;
Let A and B be sets. A is a subset of B if and only if every element of A is also an element of B.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A⊆B &amp;lt;=&amp;gt; (∀)(x∈A =&amp;gt; x∈B}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mathematics]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Power_set&amp;diff=847211</id>
		<title>Power set</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Power_set&amp;diff=847211"/>
		<updated>2011-02-06T19:08:23Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;In [[set theory]], a '''power set''' is a [[set]] of all the [[subset]]s of some set.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Mathematical Definition==&lt;br /&gt;
Let A be a set. The power set of A is the set whose elements are the subsets of A.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ƥ(A) = {B:B⊆A}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mathematics]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Union&amp;diff=847209</id>
		<title>Union</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Union&amp;diff=847209"/>
		<updated>2011-02-06T19:06:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;''For a group of workers bargaining collectively, see [[labor union]].''&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;''For the concept in [[set theory]], see [[Union (set theory)]].''&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The American states which had already been admitted but did not secede in 1861 are collectively known as the '''Union.'''  In alphabetical order they were [[California]], [[Connecticut]], [[Delaware]], [[Illinois]], [[Indiana]], [[Iowa]], [[Kentucky]], [[Maine]], [[Maryland]], [[Massachusetts]], [[Michigan]], [[Minnesota]], [[Missouri]], [[New Hampshire]], [[New Jersey]], [[New York]], [[Ohio]], [[Oregon]], [[Pennsylvania]], [[Rhode Island]], [[Vermont]], [[Washington]] and [[Wisconsin]], for a total of 23.  During the war, [[Kansas]], [[Nevada]] and [[West Virginia]] were added for a wartime high of 26, as against 11 for the [[Confederacy]].  The Union's [[demography|demographic]] and [[industry|industrial]] advantage was somewhat greater than the 2.5 to 1 ratio of states would suggest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Unionism]] was the support for remaining in the Union among the people of states where [[slavery]] was legal.  It was sufficiently strong in Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland and Missouri to keep those states from [[secession|seceding]], and inspired the [[Republican Party]] to change its name to [[Unionist]] for the [[1864 Presidential election]] only, when [[President]] [[Abraham Lincoln]] chose [[Tennessee]] [[Governor]] [[Andrew Johnson]] as his running mate.  Persons originating in the other 22 states of the Union have forever after been known in the South as [[Yankees]], although the term is sometimes also misused to describe people from [[Nebraska]], [[North Dakota]] and [[South Dakota]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Confederate States of America]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: American Civil War]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Union_(set_theory)&amp;diff=847208</id>
		<title>Union (set theory)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Union_(set_theory)&amp;diff=847208"/>
		<updated>2011-02-06T19:05:31Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: Created page with &amp;quot;A '''union''' of two or more sets is formed by choosing all the elements that belong to at least one of the sets.  ==Mathematical Definition== A∪B = {x:x∈A or x∈B}  [[C...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;A '''union''' of two or more [[set]]s is formed by choosing all the elements that belong to at least one of the sets.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Mathematical Definition==&lt;br /&gt;
A∪B = {x:x∈A or x∈B}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mathematics]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Power_set&amp;diff=847207</id>
		<title>Power set</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Power_set&amp;diff=847207"/>
		<updated>2011-02-06T18:58:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;In [[set theory]], a '''power set''' is a [[set]] of all the [[subset]]s of some set.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Mathematical Definition==&lt;br /&gt;
Let A be a set. The power set of A is the set whose elements are the subsets of A.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mathematics]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Power_set&amp;diff=847206</id>
		<title>Power set</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Power_set&amp;diff=847206"/>
		<updated>2011-02-06T18:57:31Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;In [[set theory]], a '''power set''' is a set of all the subsets of some set.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Mathematical Definition==&lt;br /&gt;
Let A be a set. The power set of A is the set whose elements are the subsets of A.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mathematics]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Power_set&amp;diff=847205</id>
		<title>Power set</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Power_set&amp;diff=847205"/>
		<updated>2011-02-06T18:56:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;In [[set theory]], a '''power set''' is a set of all the subsets of some set.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Mathematical Definition==&lt;br /&gt;
Let A be a set. The power set of A is the set whose elements are the subsets of A.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Power_set&amp;diff=847204</id>
		<title>Power set</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Power_set&amp;diff=847204"/>
		<updated>2011-02-06T18:56:04Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: Created page with &amp;quot;In set theory, a power set is a set of all the subsets of some set.  ==Mathematical Definition== Let A be a set. The power set of A is the set whose elements are the subsets ...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;In [[set theory]], a power set is a set of all the subsets of some set.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Mathematical Definition==&lt;br /&gt;
Let A be a set. The power set of A is the set whose elements are the subsets of A.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Subset&amp;diff=847203</id>
		<title>Subset</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Subset&amp;diff=847203"/>
		<updated>2011-02-06T18:52:52Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;A '''subset''' is a [[set]] within another set.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Mathematical Definition==&lt;br /&gt;
Let A and B be sets. A is a subset of B if and only if every element of A is also an element of B.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mathematics]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Proof_by_contraposition&amp;diff=846003</id>
		<title>Proof by contraposition</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Proof_by_contraposition&amp;diff=846003"/>
		<updated>2011-02-03T18:45:17Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Proof by Contraposition''' is an indirect [[mathematical proof]] for a conditional sentence P=&amp;gt;Q that relies upon the tautology (P=&amp;gt;Q)&amp;lt;=&amp;gt;(~Q=&amp;gt;~P).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Proof by Contraposition of a Conditional Sentence P=&amp;gt;Q==&lt;br /&gt;
#Assume ~Q.&lt;br /&gt;
#...&lt;br /&gt;
#Therefore ~P.&lt;br /&gt;
#Thus, ~Q=&amp;gt;~P&lt;br /&gt;
#Therefore, P=&amp;gt;Q&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mathematics]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Proof_by_contraposition&amp;diff=846002</id>
		<title>Proof by contraposition</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Proof_by_contraposition&amp;diff=846002"/>
		<updated>2011-02-03T18:43:36Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: Created page with &amp;quot;'''Proof by Contraposition''' is an indirect mathematical proof for a conditional sentence P=&amp;gt;Q that relies upon the tautology (P=&amp;gt;Q)&amp;lt;=&amp;gt;(~Q=&amp;gt;~P).  ==Proof by Contraposition o...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Proof by Contraposition''' is an indirect [[mathematical proof]] for a conditional sentence P=&amp;gt;Q that relies upon the tautology (P=&amp;gt;Q)&amp;lt;=&amp;gt;(~Q=&amp;gt;~P).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Proof by Contraposition of a Conditional Sentence P=&amp;gt;Q==&lt;br /&gt;
#Assume ~Q.&lt;br /&gt;
#...&lt;br /&gt;
#Therefore ~P.&lt;br /&gt;
#Thus, ~Q=&amp;gt;~P&lt;br /&gt;
#Therefore, P=&amp;gt;Q&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Reductio_Ad_Absurdum&amp;diff=846001</id>
		<title>Reductio Ad Absurdum</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Reductio_Ad_Absurdum&amp;diff=846001"/>
		<updated>2011-02-03T18:36:04Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Reductio ad absurdum''', also called '''proof by contradiction''', is a method of [[mathematical proof]].  It involves assuming the opposite of what one is trying to [[prove]], and showing that this would lead to a [[contradiction]]. It works by the [[law of the excluded middle]]. The proof typically follows this structure:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
#Create an initial assumption&lt;br /&gt;
#Follow a series of axiomatically valid steps&lt;br /&gt;
#Reach a contradiction&lt;br /&gt;
#Therefore the initial assumption is incorrect&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Proof of Proposition ''P'' by Contradiction==&lt;br /&gt;
#Suppose ~P.&lt;br /&gt;
#...&lt;br /&gt;
#Therefore, Q.&lt;br /&gt;
#...&lt;br /&gt;
#Therefore, ~Q&lt;br /&gt;
#Hence, Q and ~Q, a contradiction&lt;br /&gt;
#Thus, P&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Example==&lt;br /&gt;
An example of this is [[Euclid]]'s proof of the [[infinitude]] of the [[Prime number|primes]]:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
#Assume there are finitely many primes&lt;br /&gt;
#Take the product of all primes and call it ''N''. Since ''N+1'' is not in our finite set of primes, it must be composite&lt;br /&gt;
#By the [[fundamental theorem of arithmetic]], ''N+1'' has a prime factorization. But ''N+1'' is not divisible by any of the previous primes&lt;br /&gt;
#Since ''N+1'' is composite, there must be a prime missing from our set of primes. But this set contains all primes&lt;br /&gt;
#Therefore, our initial assumption (&amp;quot;there are finitely many primes&amp;quot;) is invalid&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is an academic controversy over whether proofs by contradiction (see also [[Excluded Middle]]) should be accepted qua proofs; either due to concerns regarding computability, or [[Intuitionist Mathematics]]. These are not necessarily held to be distinct concerns. Most mathematicians disregard any such controversy and accept proofs by contradiction.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mathematics]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Reductio_Ad_Absurdum&amp;diff=845999</id>
		<title>Reductio Ad Absurdum</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Reductio_Ad_Absurdum&amp;diff=845999"/>
		<updated>2011-02-03T18:29:44Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: spelling&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Reductio ad absurdum''', also called '''proof by contradiction''', is a method of [[mathematical proof]].  It involves assuming the opposite of what one is trying to [[prove]], and showing that this would lead to a [[contradiction]]. It works by the [[law of the excluded middle]]. The proof typically follows this structure:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
#Create an initial assumption&lt;br /&gt;
#Follow a series of axiomatically valid steps&lt;br /&gt;
#Reach a contradiction&lt;br /&gt;
#Therefore the initial assumption is incorrect&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
An example of this is [[Euclid]]'s proof of the [[infinitude]] of the [[Prime number|primes]]:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
#Assume there are finitely many primes&lt;br /&gt;
#Take the product of all primes and call it ''N''. Since ''N+1'' is not in our finite set of primes, it must be composite&lt;br /&gt;
#By the [[fundamental theorem of arithmetic]], ''N+1'' has a prime factorization. But ''N+1'' is not divisible by any of the previous primes&lt;br /&gt;
#Since ''N+1'' is composite, there must be a prime missing from our set of primes. But this set contains all primes&lt;br /&gt;
#Therefore, our initial assumption (&amp;quot;there are finitely many primes&amp;quot;) is invalid&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is an academic controversy over whether proofs by contradiction (see also [[Excluded Middle]]) should be accepted qua proofs; either due to concerns regarding computability, or [[Intuitionist Mathematics]]. These are not necessarily held to be distinct concerns. Most mathematicians disregard any such controversy and accept proofs by contradiction.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mathematics]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:Essay:_PZ_Myers%27_greatest_fear&amp;diff=845637</id>
		<title>Talk:Essay: PZ Myers' greatest fear</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:Essay:_PZ_Myers%27_greatest_fear&amp;diff=845637"/>
		<updated>2011-02-02T01:20:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;This has become very childish and very un-Christian.  Like many Americans, members of my family suffer from obesity and I would have no respect for anyone calling them whales, regardless of the reason. [[User:DouglasA|DouglasA]] 16:53, 1 February 2011 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
:I agree. A correlation between obesity and atheism is no excuse to make these kinds of remarks. Did God not make us all in His image? [[User:JimFullerton|JimFullerton]] 20:20, 1 February 2011 (EST)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Democratrs&amp;diff=842546</id>
		<title>Democratrs</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Democratrs&amp;diff=842546"/>
		<updated>2011-01-21T08:48:46Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: double redirect&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#REDIRECT [[Democratic Party]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:Christian_apologetic_website_resources&amp;diff=842201</id>
		<title>Talk:Christian apologetic website resources</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:Christian_apologetic_website_resources&amp;diff=842201"/>
		<updated>2011-01-20T03:16:02Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: double redirect&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#REDIRECT [[Jesus Christ]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Essay:_An_overweight_PZ_Myers_embarrassing_himself_at_the_Creation_Museum&amp;diff=842200</id>
		<title>Essay: An overweight PZ Myers embarrassing himself at the Creation Museum</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Essay:_An_overweight_PZ_Myers_embarrassing_himself_at_the_Creation_Museum&amp;diff=842200"/>
		<updated>2011-01-20T03:15:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: double redirect&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#REDIRECT [[Essay: PZ Myers embarrasses himself at the Creation Museum]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Video_games&amp;diff=841961</id>
		<title>Video games</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Video_games&amp;diff=841961"/>
		<updated>2011-01-19T00:20:23Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: D&amp;amp;D isn't a video game but rather a tabletop pen and paper game&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;A '''video game''' is any electronic game played on a computer or console. They vary greatly in type and complexity, but all games are alike in that they translate player input (from a controller, mouse, keyboard or motion sensor) into onscreen actions. Games are usually stored on some sort of digital media - ROM cartridge, [[CD]], [[DVD]], or even cassette tape for early computer games - though older or more inexpensive games may have dedicated chips which are pre-programmed to play certain games only.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Home consoles are classified by ''generation'' to indicate their relative power and date of release. The current major consoles (XBox360, PS3, Wii) are considered ''seventh generation''. Handheld consoles are not generally put into generations due to their more irregular release schedules.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Though a popular form of entertainment in America, video games (especially in modern years) tend to promote a [[liberal]] worldview, and can cause [[sexual immorality]], [[atheism]], [[obesity]], and [[violence]]. Many video games feature nudity and [[Satanic]] imagery.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://electexiles.wordpress.com/2009/12/03/4-reasons-video-games-are-not-worth-playing/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Several prominent murderers in recent years were inspired by video games, for example&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-316491/Teenager-gets-life-Manhunt-murder.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, while the popular online video game ''World of Warcraft'' has been shown to be as addictive as [[drug]]s, and has destroyed marriages and lead to obesity and and bad health (due to physical inactivity).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://wowdetox.com/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Various genres ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Video games in the course of their existence have grown from the simple arcade style games, and have become more detailed and separated from one another. Genres can now include [[first person shooters]], [[racing]], [[Simulation game|simulation]], [[role-playing]], [[sports]], [[action]] and many others. Even then, games can combine genres, such as ''Mass Effect'' (Role Playing and Third Person Shooting), or not fit nicely into any genre, like ''Katamari Damacy''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Popularity &amp;amp; Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Games have risen in popularity over the years, as is shown in the rise of video games sales from the 1980s until today. This has brought with it a various amount of controversy as the video game industry continues to grow with its original player base.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Video games are addictive activities targeted at teenagers, sometimes with tragic results.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Some claim that 2/3rds of videogamers are over 18 years old, but far more people are over that age and a much higher percentage of minors are videogamers.[http://www.pan-o-matic.com/blog/?p=45 Only a third of videogamers are under 18]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Games are increasingly violent and offensive, attracting the attention of legislators in many states to protect the exploitation of children by them. Games such as ''[[Grand Theft Auto]]'' are very violent, sexually explicit, and feature [[criminal]] behavior. These games are rated &amp;quot;M 17+&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Mature,&amp;quot; but courts have stricken down laws preventing retailers from selling them to children, under an interpretation that the First Amendment protects offensive video games even for children.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://gamepolitics.livejournal.com/148962.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; After a ''Conservapedian'' filed an [[amicus brief]] with the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] to consider this issue, it surprised [[liberal]]s by granting ''[[certiorari]]''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Violence===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most of the controversy comes from the rising trend toward violence in video games, as pioneered by ''[[Doom (video game series)|Doom]]'', ''[[Quake]]'', and the ''[[Grand Theft Auto]]'' series. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some people point out that violent video games cause violent behavior in some children. The effects of violent video games on the developing psyche of children and adolescents vary greatly and of course have much to do with the mental stability of the subject in question.&lt;br /&gt;
Serious crimes have often been associated with video games. For example, a 14-year-old brutally murdered a video arcade employee one morning and his cousin stands trial for murdering the store manager when he entered the store shortly thereafter.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.nj.com/starledger/stories/index.ssf?/base/news-5/1212467732102240.xml&amp;amp;coll=1&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In the [[United States|USA]], all retail games carry ratings from the [[ESRB]], a video game ratings organization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At least one study has shown that, contrary to the position mentioned above, kids who don't play video games at all seem to show more violent tendencies.  Of course, as expected, those who played violent video games for large amounts of time also showed violent tendencies, however the study claims that this is a &amp;quot;risk marker&amp;quot;, not an actual cause. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://wii.qj.net/New-research-reveals-kids-who-don-t-play-videogames-at-all-are-more-at-risk-of-violent-tendencies/pg/49/aid/118505 New research reveals kids who don't play video games at all are more at risk of violent tendencies&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Multiple studies have shown a correlation between violent video games and levels of real life violence, caused by playing some of the aforementioned video games.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.apa.org/science/psa/sb-anderson.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Sexuality===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although nudity is not prominent in [[western]] video games, there are various products containing sexually-suggestive material. One reason for the relative lack of explicitly sexual material in western games may be the refusal of retailers including [[Wal-Mart]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.walmart.com/catalog/catalog.gsp?cat=440903&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; (the leading distributor of video games in the United States) and [[Toys R Us]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.toysrusinc.com/safety/practices/ See Toys &amp;quot;R&amp;quot; Us's video games policy]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; (the world's largest toy themed retailer) to sell games carrying an &amp;quot;Adults-Only&amp;quot; rating. One notable target of controversy is the ''[[Grand Theft Auto]]'' series after a third-party mod was released that allowed the player to engage in a mini-game containing explicit sexual material. Mods are, as &amp;quot;third-party&amp;quot; would imply, fan-made and are not the responsibility of the game's developer. Other sources of this criticism relate to the game ''[[Tomb Raider]]'' as it was one of the first games where a female character (the protagonist) is depicted and advertised as a sex symbol.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Ashley, Robert. &amp;quot;The Secret History of Videogame Sex.&amp;quot; Official Playstation Magazine Feb. 2006: 96-99.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Video Games &amp;amp; Society ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As video games become more popular, their impact on society becomes ever more present. A prime example of this is the massive ad campaigns for the [[Halo (game)|Halo]] series, as well as [[Grand Theft Auto]]. Advertising, merchandising, and even social pressures have changed in the ever-growing influence of video gaming.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Due to their popularity, various corporations have begun placing advertisements for their products within the context of the game. [[Second Life]], an Internet-based virtual world, has blurred the lines between real-world and virtual world, and companies such as Adidas, Reebok, and Dell have set up virtual stores selling real-world products within the game.  [[Reuters]] also operates a news bureau reporting news in the game.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Faith in Video Games ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Faith in Video Gaming has, as a rule, either led to the creation of new and dynamic antagonists, or video games that are mediocre, such as ''Spiritual Warfare'' and ''Bible Adventure'' for the Nintendo, or ''The Bible Game'' for various systems. ''Bible Adventure'' in particular is infamous for its poor design and playability.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Bible, or other such religious texts, tell a story spanning many different viewpoints. Turning these ideas into a video game, however, most often leads to games that tend to bore most video game audiences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Religion has, however, taken a prominent place amongst the various heroes and villains in video games. The ''Breath of Fire'' series and the ''Shin Megami Tensei'' games, in particular, use a god as a main antagonist in many of its incarnations. Other games to use religion in some way include the ''Final Fantasy'' series, ''[[Left Behind: Eternal Forces]]'', ''Black and White'', ''Heaven and Hell'', ''Xenogears'', ''Okami'', and the ''Tales'' series, particularly ''Tales of Symphonia''. Unfortunately, many (not all) of the aforementioned games present religion (or it's respective church and followers) as evil, fake, or having ulterior and nefarious motives.  Virtually no video games present faith in an honest or positive manner, as few conservatives or Christians work for game companies, then again direct content.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Games may include a fictional religion as part of the setting if the use of a real religion may invite undesirable controversy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Video game reviewers have sometimes unjustly attacked and reviewed games where real-world religion plays a notable role. One of the most prominent examples of this is the game ''[[Left Behind: Eternal Forces]]''.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.gamerevolution.com/review/pc/left_behind&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Video game controversy]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Jack Thompson]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Video game industry]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.whattheyplay.com/ What They Play - the parent's guide to video games]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.leftbehindgames.com/index.php Left Behind Games - a Christian, family friendly video game company]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;References/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Entertainment]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Video Games]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Computers]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Freedom-of-information&amp;diff=839971</id>
		<title>Freedom-of-information</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Freedom-of-information&amp;diff=839971"/>
		<updated>2011-01-11T17:59:44Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: double redirect&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#REDIRECT [[FOIA]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Freedom_of_Information&amp;diff=839970</id>
		<title>Freedom of Information</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Freedom_of_Information&amp;diff=839970"/>
		<updated>2011-01-11T17:59:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: double redirect&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#REDIRECT [[FOIA]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jared_Loughner&amp;diff=839969</id>
		<title>Jared Loughner</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jared_Loughner&amp;diff=839969"/>
		<updated>2011-01-11T17:58:21Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: format&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Loughner173005--300x300.jpg|right|150px|thumb|Jared Loughner's mugshot, January 10, 2011]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Jared Lee Loughner''' is a 22-year-old [[atheist]]ic&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;In an application for the [[U.S. Army]], Loughner said he had no religious beliefs.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; [[left-wing]] [[nihilist]],&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Best Friend&amp;quot;&amp;gt;http://dailycaller.com/2011/01/10/bryce-tierney-a-friend-of-loughner-opens-up-about-the-alleged-shooter/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; described by former [[public school]] classmates as a &amp;quot;pothead&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://blogs.phoenixnewtimes.com/valleyfever/2011/01/jared_loughner_alleged_shooter.php&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; likely on hallucinogenic drugs,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/09/us/politics/09shooter.html Reference to hallucinogens]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/10/us/10shooter.html?partner=rss&amp;amp;emc=rss An additional observation that he could be on drugs]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; who is being formally charged with a shooting spree that left 6 dead and 14, including a congresswoman, injured on January 8, 2011.{{fact}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Jared Loughner would reportedly say to friends:&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://motherjones.com/politics/2011/01/jared-lee-loughner-friend-voicemail-phone-message?page=1&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{cquote|I'm pretty sure I've come to the conclusion that words mean nothing.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
and that&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{cquote|Life 'means nothing.'}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Jared Loughner mocked an Army policy of distributing mini-[[Bible]]s to new recruits.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://azstarnet.com/news/local/crime/article_91db5db4-1b74-11e0-ba23-001cc4c002e0.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  He publicly listed ''[[The Communist Manifesto]]'', Mein Kampf and ''We the Living'' by [[Ayn Rand]] as some of his favorite books.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/40980334/ns/us_news-crime_and_courts/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Loughner had a [[occult]] shrine in his backyard and was obsessed with the occult and mind control. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/2011/01/10/2011-01-10_chilling_shrine_in_madmans_yard.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Throughout Loughner's attendence at his [[public school|public high school]], it was part of a network called Small Schools Workshop, which was founded by communist and terrorist [[Bill Ayers]] and funded in the 1990s by [[Barack Obama]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.wnd.com/?pageId=249429&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Loughner failed a urine drug test when he applied to join the [[U.S. Army]], and was rejected for that reason.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/breaking-news/arizona-gunman-rejected-by-us-army-after-failing-drug-test/story-e6frf7jx-1225984952253&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  But as of January 10, 2011, there has been no release of any drug tests performed on Loughner following the shooting.  [[Arizona]] recently passed a law legalizing medical [[marijuana]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.eastvalleytribune.com/arizona/article_a7374e8c-07b2-11e0-9b56-001cc4c002e0.html &amp;quot;Schools grapple with medical marijuana policies&amp;quot;]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  His close friend claimed that Loughner has been drug-free since 2008.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Best Friend&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jared_Loughner&amp;diff=839968</id>
		<title>Jared Loughner</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jared_Loughner&amp;diff=839968"/>
		<updated>2011-01-11T17:57:23Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Loughner173005--300x300.jpg|right|150px|thumb|Jared Loughner's mugshot, January 10, 2011]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Jared Lee Loughner''' is a 22-year-old [[atheist]]ic&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;In an application for the [[U.S. Army]], Loughner said he had no religious beliefs.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; [[left-wing]] [[nihilist]],&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Best Friend&amp;quot;&amp;gt;http://dailycaller.com/2011/01/10/bryce-tierney-a-friend-of-loughner-opens-up-about-the-alleged-shooter/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; described by former [[public school]] classmates as a &amp;quot;pothead&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://blogs.phoenixnewtimes.com/valleyfever/2011/01/jared_loughner_alleged_shooter.php&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; likely on hallucinogenic drugs,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/09/us/politics/09shooter.html Reference to hallucinogens]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/10/us/10shooter.html?partner=rss&amp;amp;emc=rss An additional observation that he could be on drugs]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; who is being formally charged with a shooting spree that left 6 dead and 14, including a congresswoman, injured on January 8, 2011.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;addref&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Jared Loughner would reportedly say to friends:&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://motherjones.com/politics/2011/01/jared-lee-loughner-friend-voicemail-phone-message?page=1&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{cquote|I'm pretty sure I've come to the conclusion that words mean nothing.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
and that&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{cquote|Life 'means nothing.'}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Jared Loughner mocked an Army policy of distributing mini-[[Bible]]s to new recruits.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://azstarnet.com/news/local/crime/article_91db5db4-1b74-11e0-ba23-001cc4c002e0.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  He publicly listed ''[[The Communist Manifesto]]'', Mein Kampf and ''We the Living'' by [[Ayn Rand]] as some of his favorite books.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/40980334/ns/us_news-crime_and_courts/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Loughner had a [[occult]] shrine in his backyard and was obsessed with the occult and mind control. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/2011/01/10/2011-01-10_chilling_shrine_in_madmans_yard.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Throughout Loughner's attendence at his [[public school|public high school]], it was part of a network called Small Schools Workshop, which was founded by communist and terrorist [[Bill Ayers]] and funded in the 1990s by [[Barack Obama]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.wnd.com/?pageId=249429&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Loughner failed a urine drug test when he applied to join the [[U.S. Army]], and was rejected for that reason.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/breaking-news/arizona-gunman-rejected-by-us-army-after-failing-drug-test/story-e6frf7jx-1225984952253&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  But as of January 10, 2011, there has been no release of any drug tests performed on Loughner following the shooting.  [[Arizona]] recently passed a law legalizing medical [[marijuana]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.eastvalleytribune.com/arizona/article_a7374e8c-07b2-11e0-9b56-001cc4c002e0.html &amp;quot;Schools grapple with medical marijuana policies&amp;quot;]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  His close friend claimed that Loughner has been drug-free since 2008.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Best Friend&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Hockey_Stick&amp;diff=828785</id>
		<title>Hockey Stick</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Hockey_Stick&amp;diff=828785"/>
		<updated>2010-11-18T00:49:32Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: double redirect&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#REDIRECT [[Hockey Stick Hoax]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Hockey_stick_curve&amp;diff=828784</id>
		<title>Hockey stick curve</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Hockey_stick_curve&amp;diff=828784"/>
		<updated>2010-11-18T00:49:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: double redirect&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#REDIRECT [[Hockey Stick Hoax]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=User_talk:JimFullerton&amp;diff=828783</id>
		<title>User talk:JimFullerton</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=User_talk:JimFullerton&amp;diff=828783"/>
		<updated>2010-11-18T00:48:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: /* How to win friends.... */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{welcome|sig=&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;/Admin&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; 17:59, 27 April 2010 (EDT)}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Question ==&lt;br /&gt;
Do you know if Knollwood still has great hamburgers? --&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;/Admin&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; 17:59, 27 April 2010 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
:Uh, where is it? I might go check it out! [[User:JimFullerton|JimFullerton]] 18:00, 27 April 2010 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
::5665 East La Palma Avenue (@ Imperial Highway) is the original location, I guess. [http://www.knowlwoodrestaurants.com/about_us.html Here's the link]. As a kid we were one of the hundreds of families who stopped there on the way to Arrowhead...back in those days there was nothing for miles around, just orange groves from Anaheim, Santa Ana Canyon to Riverside.  Seems they have added locations, which is a good sign, I guess as people wouldn't keep going if the food was cruddy! Closer to you is the old train station, in Fullerton. --&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;/Admin&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; 05:24, 28 April 2010 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Ah, yes I have eaten there (at the Anaheim one) quite a few times. I didn't recognize the name lol. When we were in high school, my buddies and I used to go there after seeing a movie. And they do indeed still have great hamburgers. I will definitely be checking out the Fullerton one, considering that it is only a 10 minute walk from my college! [[User:JimFullerton|JimFullerton]] 15:19, 28 April 2010 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== How to win friends.... ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I suppose the Administrator had it in his mind to redirect the talk page to the article in question because someone (a) created the talk page and whatever they wrote was deleted or (b) some other technical SEO reason.  Nevertheless, always a better move to actually ask the Admin involved (via a post on their page or directly emailing them, rather than slap delete templates all over the place, eh? --&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;/Admin&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; 13:31, 17 November 2010 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:You are right and I apologize. I suppose I was just being a bit overzealous =D. On a similar note, do you think you could take a look at the [http://conservapedia.com/Special:DoubleRedirects double redirect list] and clean it up a bit? I would do it myself, but it appears that most (if not all) of the remaining ones are locked. Thanks for the advice! [[User:JimFullerton|JimFullerton]] 19:48, 17 November 2010 (EST)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:Gay_Bowel_Syndrome&amp;diff=828688</id>
		<title>Talk:Gay Bowel Syndrome</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:Gay_Bowel_Syndrome&amp;diff=828688"/>
		<updated>2010-11-17T18:06:46Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: redirects to nowhere&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{speedy}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Presidential_candidates,_2012&amp;diff=828310</id>
		<title>Presidential candidates, 2012</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Presidential_candidates,_2012&amp;diff=828310"/>
		<updated>2010-11-15T10:26:44Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: double redirect&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#REDIRECT [[Presidential Election 2012]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=2012_United_States_Presidential_Election&amp;diff=828309</id>
		<title>2012 United States Presidential Election</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=2012_United_States_Presidential_Election&amp;diff=828309"/>
		<updated>2010-11-15T10:26:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: double redirect&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#REDIRECT [[Presidential Election 2012]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=2012_presidential_election_candidates&amp;diff=828308</id>
		<title>2012 presidential election candidates</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=2012_presidential_election_candidates&amp;diff=828308"/>
		<updated>2010-11-15T10:26:36Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: double redirect&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#REDIRECT [[Presidential Election 2012]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=2012_presidential_election_date&amp;diff=828307</id>
		<title>2012 presidential election date</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=2012_presidential_election_date&amp;diff=828307"/>
		<updated>2010-11-15T10:26:31Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: double redirect&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#REDIRECT [[Presidential Election 2012]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Anxiolytic&amp;diff=828036</id>
		<title>Anxiolytic</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Anxiolytic&amp;diff=828036"/>
		<updated>2010-11-13T21:19:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;An '''anxiolytic''' drug is one that is used to remedy [[symptom]]s of [[anxiety]], such as chest tightness, heart palpitations, sweating, or trembling.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Drugs]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Arc_elasticity_of_demand&amp;diff=828035</id>
		<title>Arc elasticity of demand</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Arc_elasticity_of_demand&amp;diff=828035"/>
		<updated>2010-11-13T21:19:13Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Arc elasticity of demand''' calculates the elasticity by using the average overall values for [[price]] and [[quantities]] as the respective denominator in calculating the elasticities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is an ambiguity in calculating the percentage change in price or quantity in calculating elasticity of demand. What should be used as the denominator in deriving the percentages? If $100 increases to $110, then the percent change could be described as $10/$100 x 100% or $10/$110 x 100%. Above we used the initial price and quantity as the denominator, but we could have used the final price and quantity as the denominator instead.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Economists resolve this by typically using the “arc elasticity” because it is a more accurate depiction of the “arc” or curve of demand.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Economics]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Alarmism&amp;diff=828033</id>
		<title>Alarmism</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Alarmism&amp;diff=828033"/>
		<updated>2010-11-13T21:14:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: Copied from &amp;quot;alarmisim&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Alarmism''', one of the [[Best New Conservative Words]], consists of exaggerated claims of crisis in order to demand unwarranted controls, typically by government.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
H. L. Mencken ... explained [that] &amp;quot;the whole aim of practical politics is to keep the populace alarmed by an endless series of hobgoblins, most of them imaginary.&amp;quot; [http://lewrockwell.com/orig9/deming3.html]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Rational_thought&amp;diff=828030</id>
		<title>Rational thought</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Rational_thought&amp;diff=828030"/>
		<updated>2010-11-13T21:05:24Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: double redirect&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#REDIRECT [[Reason]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Britons&amp;diff=828028</id>
		<title>Britons</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Britons&amp;diff=828028"/>
		<updated>2010-11-13T21:04:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: Redirected page to Great Britain&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#REDIRECT [[Great Britain]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=User:JimFullerton&amp;diff=828027</id>
		<title>User:JimFullerton</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=User:JimFullerton&amp;diff=828027"/>
		<updated>2010-11-13T21:04:07Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;No longer lives in Fullerton =(&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Hezbollah&amp;diff=781896</id>
		<title>Hezbollah</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Hezbollah&amp;diff=781896"/>
		<updated>2010-05-26T01:37:01Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: sp&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Image:800px-Flag of Hezbollah svg.png|right|thumb|200px|Flag of Hezbollah.]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Hezbollah''' (حزب الله, &amp;quot;Party of [[Allah]]&amp;quot;; sometimes spelled ''Hizbullah'', ''Hezbullah'', or ''Hezballah'') is a Shi'a [[Islam|Islamic]] [[terrorist]] organization based in [[Lebanon]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;It has been declared a terrorist organization by the United States, Canada, Israel, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Australia. See:&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/fs/37191.htm United States Department of State] 	 &lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.osfi-bsif.gc.ca/eng/documents/advisories/docs/entstld.txt Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions Canada]	 &lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.psepc.gc.ca/prg/ns/le/cle-en.asp Listed entities pursuant to the Anti-Terrorism Act (2001, c. 41)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2005/Summary+of+Terrorist+Activity+2004.htm Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5262484.stm BBC news]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.minbuza.nl/nl/actueel/brievenparlement,2003/12/beantwoording_toezegging_inzake_de_positie_van_hezbollah.html The Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/agd/www/nationalsecurity.nsf/AllDocs/7986D1536C0FFD5FCA256FCD001BE859?OpenDocument Australian National Security]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Founded in 1982, its primary goal is the elimination of the state of Israel. Its current Secretary General, Hassan Nasrallah, has publicly stated: &amp;quot;''if Jews all gather in Israel, it will save us the trouble of going after them worldwide.''&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/774649/posts ''The Daily Star'' (Beirut) October 23, 2002]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In 2004, the organization's privately controlled TV broadcast station ''Al-Manar'' was banned in [[France]] for inciting racial hatred and [[Holocaust denial]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Funded and armed by the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]], the group's first major terrorist attacks were the April 1983 U.S. Embassy bombing in which 63 people were killed and the 1983 [[Beirut]] barracks bombing in which 241 American military personnel were killed. While Iran is still the major source of their funding, they also receive financial backing from [[South America]] and  U.S. law enforcement officials estimate that smugglers of illegal cigarettes in the United States provide millions of dollars to the group.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Armed with rockets with ranges varying from 13 to 100 kilometers, the group subjects Israel to constant cross-border bombardment; this led to the 2006 [[2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict|Lebanon War]]. Hezbollah claims that its attacks are aimed at military bases inside Israel, but most of the attacks are actually directed at civilian areas and have hit pedestrians, hospitals, schools and private homes.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2006/08/05/lebano13921.htm ''Rocket Attacks on Civilians in Israel Are War Crimes''] 5 August 2006  &amp;quot;Israel/Lebanon: Hezbollah Must End Attacks on Civilians&amp;quot;. Accessed 17 February 2008&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In addition to their military operations, Hezbollah is a Lebanese political party.  They hold 14 of the 128 seats in Lebanon's Parliament and 11 of 30 seats in the nation's cabinet.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.cfr.org/publication/9155 Hezbollah information from the Council on Foreign Relations] &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Funding==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Dirty Money, Blood Money'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Criminal funding===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Lebanese Shiite Terrorist Organization has been highlighted as a profile in &amp;quot;Crime and Terrorism&amp;quot; - Hezbollah's Criminal activity is widely in Lebanon and worldwide &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/hezbollah.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, or what researches call: &amp;quot;various criminal enterprises to raise funds for Hezbollah.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.amazon.com/Lightning-Out-Lebanon-Hezbollah-Terrorists/dp/0345475682&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Among the illegal, criminal methods of the Islamic group is wide fraud, drug trafficking, credit card fraud &amp;amp; cigarette smuggling, it has been known that &amp;quot;Cigarette Smuggling Funds Terrorism.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2005/2/13/135754.shtml&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.goofigure.com/UserGoofigureDetail.asp?gooID=5094&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
In a 2009 report on &amp;quot;Hezbollah: narco-Islamism Middle East Strategy at Harvard&amp;quot; researchers have found that: 'more than any other Islamist group, Hezbollah has a long record of engaging in criminal activity to support its activities.'&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/mesh/2009/03/hezbollah-narco-islamism/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://counterterrorismblog.org/2007/11/hezbollah_financing_through_cr.php&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===South America===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The 'Hezbollah's global finance network' includes &amp;quot;The Triple Frontier&amp;quot; (in South America) -   &amp;quot;Argentina, Brasil &amp;amp; Paraguay.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.meib.org/articles/0201_l2.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Front_Page/HH03Aa01.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There's an extensive report on &amp;quot;Hezbollah and the Drug Trade in South America&amp;quot; - Hezbollah is active in the drug trade in Colombia, a web of criminality that extends from Lebanon to Africa to South America.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.investigativeproject.org/documents/testimony/313.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===U.S.===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Washington Times had an editorial (2005) on 'Hezbollah in &lt;br /&gt;
America' a 41-year-old businessman, was arrested at his Dearborn home on charges of smuggling funds to Hezbollah &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.washtimes.com/op-ed/20050519-092915-7312r.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In 2009, a grand jury in Philadelphia indicted four men in connection with a plot to support Hezbollah through schemes like buying machine guns.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/25/us/25philly.html?_r=1&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Europe===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There's a serious &amp;quot;Hezbollah's Terrorist Threat to the European Union&amp;quot; writes [[The Heritage]] (2007) &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.heritage.org/Research/Testimony/Hezbollahs-Terrorist-Threat-to-the-European-Union&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
From a report on &amp;quot;Hezbollah Around the World&amp;quot; - Arabs, Muslims in Germany have been key fund raising center for Hezbollah. through crimes of: drug trafficking, weapons and people smuggling and document and currency fraud. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.adl.org/main_Terrorism/hezbollah_overview.htm?Multi_page_sections=sHeading_7&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===U.S. Mexican border===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hezbollah is also accused of using the same southern narcotics routes that Mexican drug kingpins, that Hezbollah members have entered the U.S. border through drug cartel.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/mar/27/hezbollah-uses-mexican-drug-routes-into-us/print/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/hezbollah-using-drug-smuggling-routes/story.aspx?guid=%7BA14CB7E3-86EE-4ECE-A417-E31BF77E65FD%7D&amp;amp;dist=msr_2&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Pittsburgh Tribune-Review wrote an article on ‎Apr 10, 2009, &amp;quot;The Hezbollah threat: It's here, now.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/opinion/s_620146.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Regional plans==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Amongst its stated objectives is the establishment of a Shiite theocracy in [[Lebanon]].&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.aph.gov.au/Library/pubs/rn/2002-03/03rn42.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Hezbollah's goal is the establishment of an Islamic state encompassing Lebanon and Israel.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.adl.org/terrorism/symbols/hezbollah.asp&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Many in the [[Lebanese]] [[Christian]] diaspora, beyond the reach of Hezbollah intimidation, speak out forcefully against turning Lebanon into a [[Shia]] [[theocracy]] emulating Iran.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2006/08/08/death_and_destruction_are_hezbollahs_goals/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Global Plans==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Associated Press reported in May, 2010, that a [[Muslim]] cleric calls for 'Greater Iran' - [[Shi'ite]] '''Islamic union''' would stretch from [[Afghanistan]] to [[Israel]]. Ayatollah Mohammad Bagher Kharrazi said the creation of what he termed an Islamic United States is a central aim of the political party he leads - called Hizbullah, or Party of God. He added that he hoped to make his vision a reality if the party won the next presidential election. &amp;quot;The Islamic United States will be an introduction to the formation of the global village of the oppressed and that will be a prelude to the single global rule of the Mahdi,&amp;quot; the newspaper quoted him as saying. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5ixeFBxfLzaSjs8Mb8cuFmtPOT6-wD9FN9ING1&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.jpost.com/IranianThreat/News/Article.aspx?ID=175619 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Violence outside Lebanon==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The violence &amp;amp; bloodshed besides: '''the attack on Marine Barracks in 1985.'''&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://blog.heritage.org/2009/10/23/the-1983-marine-barracks-bombing-connecting-the-dots/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''Targeting Israeli civilians, for years.'''&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.haaretz.com/news/barak-to-un-hezbollah-arms-target-israeli-civilians-1.266260&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.ynet.co.il/english/articles/0,7340,L-3275609,00.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.haaretz.com/news/eight-hurt-as-record-number-of-rockets-hits-northern-israel-1.194063&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.wnd.com/?pageId=37034&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Terrorism/hizattacks1.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://archive.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2006/7/24/154609.shtml&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/8956/hezbollah-rocket-attacks-hurt-19-israelis-in-kiryat-shmona/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.mfa.gov.il/NR/exeres/9EE216D7-82EF-4274-B80D-6BBD1803E8A7,frameless.htm?NRMODE=Published&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''Use of Lebanese as human shields &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.standwithus.com/pdfs/flyers/humanshield.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/issuesideas/story.html?id=439dbdcc-167c-423c-9d52-b14a90605440&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/special-reports/photos-that-damn-hezbollah/story-e6frf7r6-1111112144002&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://abcnews.go.com/International/video?id=2702658&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.breitbart.com/news/2006/12/05/D8LQVLHG2.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=1&amp;gt;(copying the Arab-Palestinian routine [http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Hamas+war+against+Israel/Hamas+exploitation+of+civilians+as+human+shields+-+Photographic+evidence.htm ]&lt;br /&gt;
[http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2006Nov22/0,4670,PalestiniansHumanShields,00.html ] [http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,227222,00.html ][http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0901/04/sm.03.html ][http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/6166998.stm ][http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/01/05/israel.gaza/index.html ][http://www.pmw.org.il/latestBulletins.htm ][http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/jan/08/hamas-palestinian-victims/print/ ][http://article.wn.com/view/2010/03/15/Israeli_report_Hamas_used_civilians_as_human_shields_in_Gaza/][http://www.iris.org.il/blog/archives/2102-Palestinians-Brag-About-Using-Human-Shields-for-Terrorists.html ][http://www.peacewithrealism.org/headline/gaza02.htm ][http://www.peacewithrealism.org/headline/admit.htm ][http://www.palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=157&amp;amp;doc_id=1304 ][http://littlegreenfootballs.com/weblog/?entry=23431&amp;amp;only&amp;amp;rss ])&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;,&lt;br /&gt;
even using the U.N.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.drudge.com/archive/83811/hezbollah-used-un-human-shields&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; in their initiated war with Israel, to cause casualties among their own Arab population, in order to generate sympathy in the Arab world.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://washingtontimes.com/op-ed/20060730-093558-9976r.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Iraq===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Already in November 24, 2003, The [[New York Times]] elaborated in an article: &amp;quot;A region inflamed, the hand of Tehran,&amp;quot;  Hezbollah, in Iraq, that Hezbollah, the  Iranian-backed Shiite group, has established a significant presence in Iraq.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DEFDE113BF937A15752C1A9659C8B63&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2006. U.S. Officials said: &amp;quot;Hezbollah Training Iraqi Shiite Militia Group.“ &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,232262,00.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/28/world/middleeast/28military.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The [[Wall Street Journal]] wrote (2007) on Iran's Proxy War, The &lt;br /&gt;
involvement of Hezbollah in Iraq. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://online.wsj.com/article/SB118368904375158857.html?mod=googlenews_wsj&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The [[BBC]] reported on additional proof, US officials had in 2007 of the link &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6260690.stm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In an article on Iran in Iraq, the [[Washington Post]] wrote on [[Iran]]'s Hezbollah soldiers and methods in the war in [[Iraq]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://blog.washingtonpost.com/earlywarning/2007/07/iran_in_iraq.html?nav=rss_blog&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
the [[CNN]] reported on a Hezbollah agent played deaf before confessing, the &lt;br /&gt;
top special operations officer with Lebanon's Hezbollah militia pretended to be &lt;br /&gt;
deaf and mute when he was captured in Iraq.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://us.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/meast/07/02/iraq.hezbollah/index.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2008, there were more reports on Hezbollah Trains Iraqis in Iran&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/05/world/middleeast/05iran.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Iraqi president [[Jalal Talabani]] charged (May, 2008) Hezbollah interference, in a Baghdad interview, he accused the leader of the Lebanon-based Hezbollah of meddling in Iraq's &lt;br /&gt;
affairs.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.upi.com/Top_News/2008/05/30/Talabani_charges_Hezbollah_interference/UPI-44791212150201/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In May, 2010, the [[US]] said that [[Syria]] must curb arm shipments to Hezbollah, top US diplomat has urged [[Syria]] to do more to prevent arms shipments to the militant [[Lebanese]] Hezbollah and stem the flow of militants into [[Iraq]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5h9Pa9-v36WUhm6_Mqn4inXf_J8iAD9FQL82O0&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Somalia===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The [[New York Times]] reported on Hezbollah in [[Somalia]]. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/15/world/middleeast/15nations.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
From [[NPR]] (November 15, 2006), the &amp;quot;[[U.N.]] Report ties [[Somali]] Islamists to Hezbollah, There is an alarming new report about the situation in Somalia. United Nations monitors say seven countries and various groups are supporting Islamists.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6493083&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Afghanistan===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hezbollah Link in the war in Afghanistan have been found &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.militaryphotos.net/forums/showthread.php?t=116544&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Sudan===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Hezbollah, reportedly, is very supportive of Al-Bashir's genocide in the Sudan&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.istockanalyst.com/article/viewiStockNews+articleid_2432545&amp;amp;amp;title=Lebanese_Hezbollah_Holds.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Egypt===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2009, the [[BBC]] reported that Egypt was 'hunting Hezbollah suspects'&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7996665.stm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, prosecutor accused Hezbollah of plotting attacks in Egypt, of sending operatives to [[Egypt]] to carry out attacks in the country and to smuggle weapons.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/middleeast/news/article_1469836.php/Prosecutor_accuses_Hezbollah_of_plotting_attacks_in_Egypt__Roundup&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://uk.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUKL8213444&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.voanews.com/english/2009-04-08-voa48.cfm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
On Apr 2010 An Egyptian court convicted 26 men of belonging to a Hezbollah cell&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/29/world/middleeast/29cairo.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Hezbollah Plot exposed Egypt's shared interests with Israel.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.forward.com/articles/104793/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Analysts said that the Egypt-Hezbollah standoff dents Egypt-Iran relations&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-04/13/content_11180887.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Azerbaijan===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hezbollah plotted embassy attack' in Azerbaijan - was revealed in 2009. A trial under way in Azerbaijan of two Hezbollah members and four Azeris, where prosecutors drew a link between Iranian-backed Hezbollah terror missions.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.ijn.com/ijn-news/international/1017-iran-hezbollah-plotted-embassy-attack-in-azerbaijan&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://jta.org/news/article/2009/05/31/1005514/hezbollah-plot-to-bomb-azerbaijan-embassy-foiled&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Europe===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Among the highlighted terror crimes of the Hezbollah is the: [[TWA]] Hijacking, June 14, 1985: A Trans-World Airlines flight was hijacked en route to [[Rome]] from [[Athens]] by two Lebanese Hizballah terrorists, (the two terrorists were brandishing grenades and pistols) and forced to fly to Beirut. The eight crew members and 145 passengers were held for seventeen days, during which one American hostage, a [[U.S.]] Navy sailor, was murdered. After being flown twice to [[Algiers]], the aircraft was returned to [[Beirut]] after Israel released 435 Lebanese and [[Palestinian]] prisoners.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.fas.org/irp/threat/terror_chron.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.fbi.gov/page2/jan06/longarm010506.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://army.mil/terrorism/1989-1980/index.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://terrorism.grady.uga.edu/history/analysistwa.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/30/newsid_2527000/2527337.stm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/10/20011010-1.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2009, there was a report of a &amp;quot;Massive Hezbollah Terror Attack Against Israeli Target In Europe,&amp;quot; that has been thwarted. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.nationalterroralert.com/updates/2009/01/28/report-massive-hezbollah-terror-attack-against-israeli-target-in-europe-thwarted/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===South America===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
US designates two Hezbollah operatives in [[Venezuela]] as terrorists- Hezbollah has used the tri-border region between Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay to recruit, train, raise and launder money, and plot attacks.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.treas.gov/press/releases/hp1036.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hezbollah and [[Iran]] both are charged, via clear evidence, by Argentinian court, with the [[Amia]] terror bombing which killed 85 and wounded 300. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6085768.stm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/3179861.stm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.intelligence.org.il/eng/eng_n/argentina_e.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4188/is_20061026/ai_n16818404&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, furthermore, Argentina accuses Iran of meddling in probe of 1994 Jewish center bombing&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/787765.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; , the investigation finds [[Iranian]], Hezbollah and [[Syrian]] involvement &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.adl.org/Terror/terror_buenos_aries_attack.asp&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Haaretz]] wrote in detail on &amp;quot;How Iran planned the Buenos Aires blast - 1994&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=273898&amp;amp;contrassID=2&amp;amp;subContrassID=1&amp;amp;sbSubContrassID=0:&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17874369/ Hezbollah builds a Western base], From inside South America’s Tri-border area, Iran-linked militia targets U.S. By Pablo Gato and Robert Windrem, ''NBC News'', May 9, 2007. Retrieved from MSNBC.com June 4 2007.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist|2}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Political Parties]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Terrorism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Islam]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Lebanon]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{terrorism}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Hezbollah&amp;diff=781895</id>
		<title>Hezbollah</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Hezbollah&amp;diff=781895"/>
		<updated>2010-05-26T01:35:46Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: /* Iraq */ sp&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Image:800px-Flag of Hezbollah svg.png|right|thumb|200px|Flag of Hezbollah.]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Hezbollah''' (حزب الله, &amp;quot;Party of [[Allah]]&amp;quot;; sometimes spelled ''Hizbullah'', ''Hezbullah'', or ''Hezballah'') is a Shi'a [[Islam|Islamic]] [[terrorist]] organization based in [[Lebanon]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;It has been declared a terrorist organization by the United States, Canada, Israel, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Australia. See:&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/fs/37191.htm United States Department of State] 	 &lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.osfi-bsif.gc.ca/eng/documents/advisories/docs/entstld.txt Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions Canada]	 &lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.psepc.gc.ca/prg/ns/le/cle-en.asp Listed entities pursuant to the Anti-Terrorism Act (2001, c. 41)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2005/Summary+of+Terrorist+Activity+2004.htm Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5262484.stm BBC news]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.minbuza.nl/nl/actueel/brievenparlement,2003/12/beantwoording_toezegging_inzake_de_positie_van_hezbollah.html The Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/agd/www/nationalsecurity.nsf/AllDocs/7986D1536C0FFD5FCA256FCD001BE859?OpenDocument Australian National Security]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Founded in 1982, its primary goal is the elimination of the state of Israel. Its current Secretary General, Hassan Nasrallah, has publicly stated: &amp;quot;''if Jews all gather in Israel, it will save us the trouble of going after them worldwide.''&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/774649/posts ''The Daily Star'' (Beirut) October 23, 2002]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In 2004, the organization's privately controlled TV broadcast station ''Al-Manar'' was banned in [[France]] for inciting racial hatred and [[Holocaust denial]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Funded and armed by the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]], the group's first major terrorist attacks were the April 1983 U.S. Embassy bombing in which 63 people were killed and the 1983 [[Beirut]] barracks bombing in which 241 American military personnel were killed. While Iran is still the major source of their funding, they also receive financial backing from [[South America]] and  U.S. law enforcement officials estimate that smugglers of illegal cigarettes in the United States provide millions of dollars to the group.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Armed with rockets with ranges varying from 13 to 100 kilometers, the group subjects Israel to constant cross-border bombardment; this led to the 2006 [[2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict|Lebanon War]]. Hezbollah claims that its attacks are aimed at military bases inside Israel, but most of the attacks are actually directed at civilian areas and have hit pedestrians, hospitals, schools and private homes.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2006/08/05/lebano13921.htm ''Rocket Attacks on Civilians in Israel Are War Crimes''] 5 August 2006  &amp;quot;Israel/Lebanon: Hezbollah Must End Attacks on Civilians&amp;quot;. Accessed 17 February 2008&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In addition to their military operations, Hezbollah is a Lebanese political party.  They hold 14 of the 128 seats in Lebanon's Parliament and 11 of 30 seats in the nation's cabinet.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.cfr.org/publication/9155 Hezbollah information from the Council on Foreign Relations] &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Funding==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Dirty Money, Blood Money'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Criminal funding===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Lebanese Shiite Terrorist Organization has been highlighted as a profile in &amp;quot;Crime and Terrorism&amp;quot; - Hezbollah's Criminal activity is widely in Lebanon and worldwide &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/hezbollah.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, or what researches call: &amp;quot;various criminal enterprises to raise funds for Hezbollah.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.amazon.com/Lightning-Out-Lebanon-Hezbollah-Terrorists/dp/0345475682&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Among the illegal, criminal methods of the Islamic group is wide fraud, drug trafficking, credit card fraud &amp;amp; cigarette smuggling, it has been known that &amp;quot;Cigarette Smuggling Funds Terrorism.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2005/2/13/135754.shtml&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.goofigure.com/UserGoofigureDetail.asp?gooID=5094&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
In a 2009 report on &amp;quot;Hezbollah: narco-Islamism Middle East Strategy at Harvard&amp;quot; researchers have found that: 'more than any other Islamist group, Hezbollah has a long record of engaging in criminal activity to support its activities.'&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/mesh/2009/03/hezbollah-narco-islamism/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://counterterrorismblog.org/2007/11/hezbollah_financing_through_cr.php&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===South America===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The 'Hezbollah's global finance network' includes &amp;quot;The Triple Frontier&amp;quot; (in South America) -   &amp;quot;Argentina, Brasil &amp;amp; Paraguay.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.meib.org/articles/0201_l2.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Front_Page/HH03Aa01.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There's an extensive report on &amp;quot;Hezbollah and the Drug Trade in South America&amp;quot; - Hezbollah is active in the drug trade in Colombia, a web of criminality that extends from Lebanon to Africa to South America.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.investigativeproject.org/documents/testimony/313.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===U.S.===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Washingtom Times had an editorial (2005) on 'Hezbollah in &lt;br /&gt;
America' a 41-year-old businessman, was arrested at his Dearborn home on charges of smuggling funds to Hezbollah &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.washtimes.com/op-ed/20050519-092915-7312r.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In 2009, a grand jury in Philadelphia indicted four men in connection with a plot to support Hezbollah through schemes like buying machine guns.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/25/us/25philly.html?_r=1&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Europe===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There's a serious &amp;quot;Hezbollah's Terrorist Threat to the European Union&amp;quot; writes [[The Heritage]] (2007) &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.heritage.org/Research/Testimony/Hezbollahs-Terrorist-Threat-to-the-European-Union&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
From a report on &amp;quot;Hezbollah Around the World&amp;quot; - Arabs, Muslims in Germany have been key fund raising center for Hezbollah. through crimes of: drug trafficking, weapons and people smuggling and document and currency fraud. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.adl.org/main_Terrorism/hezbollah_overview.htm?Multi_page_sections=sHeading_7&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===U.S. Mexican border===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hezbollah is also accused of using the same southern narcotics routes that Mexican drug kingpins, that Hezbollah members have entered the U.S. border through drug cartel.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/mar/27/hezbollah-uses-mexican-drug-routes-into-us/print/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/hezbollah-using-drug-smuggling-routes/story.aspx?guid=%7BA14CB7E3-86EE-4ECE-A417-E31BF77E65FD%7D&amp;amp;dist=msr_2&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Pittsburgh Tribune-Review wrote an article on ‎Apr 10, 2009, &amp;quot;The Hezbollah threat: It's here, now.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/opinion/s_620146.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Regional plans==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Amongst its stated objectives is the establishment of a Shiite theocracy in [[Lebanon]].&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.aph.gov.au/Library/pubs/rn/2002-03/03rn42.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Hezbollah's goal is the establishment of an Islamic state encompassing Lebanon and Israel.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.adl.org/terrorism/symbols/hezbollah.asp&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Many in the [[Lebanese]] [[Christian]] diaspora, beyond the reach of Hezbollah intimidation, speak out forcefully against turning Lebanon into a [[Shia]] [[theocracy]] emulating Iran.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2006/08/08/death_and_destruction_are_hezbollahs_goals/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Global Plans==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Associated Press reported in May, 2010, that a [[Muslim]] cleric calls for 'Greater Iran' - [[Shi'ite]] '''Islamic union''' would stretch from [[Afghanistan]] to [[Israel]]. Ayatollah Mohammad Bagher Kharrazi said the creation of what he termed an Islamic United States is a central aim of the political party he leads - called Hizbullah, or Party of God. He added that he hoped to make his vision a reality if the party won the next presidential election. &amp;quot;The Islamic United States will be an introduction to the formation of the global village of the oppressed and that will be a prelude to the single global rule of the Mahdi,&amp;quot; the newspaper quoted him as saying. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5ixeFBxfLzaSjs8Mb8cuFmtPOT6-wD9FN9ING1&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.jpost.com/IranianThreat/News/Article.aspx?ID=175619 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Violence outside Lebanon==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The violence &amp;amp; bloodshed besides: '''the attack on Marine Barracks in 1985.'''&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://blog.heritage.org/2009/10/23/the-1983-marine-barracks-bombing-connecting-the-dots/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''Targeting Israeli civilians, for years.'''&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.haaretz.com/news/barak-to-un-hezbollah-arms-target-israeli-civilians-1.266260&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.ynet.co.il/english/articles/0,7340,L-3275609,00.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.haaretz.com/news/eight-hurt-as-record-number-of-rockets-hits-northern-israel-1.194063&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.wnd.com/?pageId=37034&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Terrorism/hizattacks1.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://archive.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2006/7/24/154609.shtml&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/8956/hezbollah-rocket-attacks-hurt-19-israelis-in-kiryat-shmona/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.mfa.gov.il/NR/exeres/9EE216D7-82EF-4274-B80D-6BBD1803E8A7,frameless.htm?NRMODE=Published&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''Use of Lebanese as human shields &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.standwithus.com/pdfs/flyers/humanshield.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/issuesideas/story.html?id=439dbdcc-167c-423c-9d52-b14a90605440&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/special-reports/photos-that-damn-hezbollah/story-e6frf7r6-1111112144002&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://abcnews.go.com/International/video?id=2702658&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.breitbart.com/news/2006/12/05/D8LQVLHG2.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=1&amp;gt;(copying the Arab-Palestinian routine [http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Hamas+war+against+Israel/Hamas+exploitation+of+civilians+as+human+shields+-+Photographic+evidence.htm ]&lt;br /&gt;
[http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2006Nov22/0,4670,PalestiniansHumanShields,00.html ] [http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,227222,00.html ][http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0901/04/sm.03.html ][http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/6166998.stm ][http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/01/05/israel.gaza/index.html ][http://www.pmw.org.il/latestBulletins.htm ][http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/jan/08/hamas-palestinian-victims/print/ ][http://article.wn.com/view/2010/03/15/Israeli_report_Hamas_used_civilians_as_human_shields_in_Gaza/][http://www.iris.org.il/blog/archives/2102-Palestinians-Brag-About-Using-Human-Shields-for-Terrorists.html ][http://www.peacewithrealism.org/headline/gaza02.htm ][http://www.peacewithrealism.org/headline/admit.htm ][http://www.palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=157&amp;amp;doc_id=1304 ][http://littlegreenfootballs.com/weblog/?entry=23431&amp;amp;only&amp;amp;rss ])&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;,&lt;br /&gt;
even using the U.N.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.drudge.com/archive/83811/hezbollah-used-un-human-shields&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; in their initiated war with Israel, to cause casualties among their own Arab population, in order to generate sympathy in the Arab world.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://washingtontimes.com/op-ed/20060730-093558-9976r.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Iraq===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Already in November 24, 2003, The [[New York Times]] elaborated in an aticle: &amp;quot;A region inflamed, the hand of Tehran,&amp;quot;  Hezbollah, in Iraq, that Hezbollah, the  Iranian-backed Shiite group, has established a significant presence in Iraq.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DEFDE113BF937A15752C1A9659C8B63&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2006. U.S. Officials said: &amp;quot;Hezbollah Training Iraqi Shiite Militia Group.“ &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,232262,00.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/28/world/middleeast/28military.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The [[Wall Street Journal]] wrote (2007) on Iran's Proxy War, The &lt;br /&gt;
involvement of Hezbollah in Iraq. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://online.wsj.com/article/SB118368904375158857.html?mod=googlenews_wsj&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The [[BBC]] reported on additional proof, US officials had in 2007 of the link &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6260690.stm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In an article on Iran in Iraq, the [[Washington Post]] wrote on [[Iran]]'s Hezbollah soldiers and methods in the war in [[Iraq]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://blog.washingtonpost.com/earlywarning/2007/07/iran_in_iraq.html?nav=rss_blog&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
the [[CNN]] reported on a Hezbollah agent played deaf before confessing, the &lt;br /&gt;
top special operations officer with Lebanon's Hezbollah militia pretended to be &lt;br /&gt;
deaf and mute when he was captured in Iraq.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://us.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/meast/07/02/iraq.hezbollah/index.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2008, there were more reports on Hezbollah Trains Iraqis in Iran&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/05/world/middleeast/05iran.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Iraqi president [[Jalal Talabani]] charged (May, 2008) Hezbollah interference, in a Baghdad interview, he accused the leader of the Lebanon-based Hezbollah of meddling in Iraq's &lt;br /&gt;
affairs.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.upi.com/Top_News/2008/05/30/Talabani_charges_Hezbollah_interference/UPI-44791212150201/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In May, 2010, the [[US]] said that [[Syria]] must curb arm shipments to Hezbollah, top US diplomat has urged [[Syria]] to do more to prevent arms shipments to the militant [[Lebanese]] Hezbollah and stem the flow of militants into [[Iraq]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5h9Pa9-v36WUhm6_Mqn4inXf_J8iAD9FQL82O0&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Somalia===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The [[New York Times]] reported on Hezbollah in [[Somalia]]. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/15/world/middleeast/15nations.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
From [[NPR]] (November 15, 2006), the &amp;quot;[[U.N.]] Report ties [[Somali]] Islamists to Hezbollah, There is an alarming new report about the situation in Somalia. United Nations monitors say seven countries and various groups are supporting Islamists.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6493083&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Afghanistan===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hezbollah Link in the war in Afghanistan have been found &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.militaryphotos.net/forums/showthread.php?t=116544&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Sudan===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Hezbollah, reportedly, is very suppportive Al-Bashir's genocie in the Sudan&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.istockanalyst.com/article/viewiStockNews+articleid_2432545&amp;amp;amp;title=Lebanese_Hezbollah_Holds.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Egypt===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2009, the [[BBC]] reported that Egypt was 'hunting Hezbollah suspects'&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7996665.stm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, prosecutor accused Hezbollah of plotting attacks in Egypt, of sending operatives to [[Egypt]] to carry out attacks in the country and to smuggle weapons.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/middleeast/news/article_1469836.php/Prosecutor_accuses_Hezbollah_of_plotting_attacks_in_Egypt__Roundup&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://uk.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUKL8213444&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.voanews.com/english/2009-04-08-voa48.cfm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
On Apr 2010 An Egyptian court convicted 26 men of belonging to a Hezbollah cell&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/29/world/middleeast/29cairo.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Hezbollah Plot exposed Egypt's shared interests with Israel.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.forward.com/articles/104793/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Analysts said that the Egypt-Hezbollah standoff dents Egypt-Iran relations&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-04/13/content_11180887.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Azerbaijan===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hezbollah plotted embassy attack' in Azerbaijan - was revealed in 2009. A trial under way in Azerbaijan of two Hezbollah members and four Azeris, where prosecutors drew a link between Iranian-backed Hezbollah terror missions.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.ijn.com/ijn-news/international/1017-iran-hezbollah-plotted-embassy-attack-in-azerbaijan&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://jta.org/news/article/2009/05/31/1005514/hezbollah-plot-to-bomb-azerbaijan-embassy-foiled&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Europe===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Among the highlighted terror crimes of the Hezbollah is the: [[TWA]] Hijacking, June 14, 1985: A Trans-World Airlines flight was hijacked en route to [[Rome]] from [[Athens]] by two Lebanese Hizballah terrorists, (the two terrorists were brandishing grenades and pistols) and forced to fly to Beirut. The eight crew members and 145 passengers were held for seventeen days, during which one American hostage, a [[U.S.]] Navy sailor, was murdered. After being flown twice to [[Algiers]], the aircraft was returned to [[Beirut]] after Israel released 435 Lebanese and [[Palestinian]] prisoners.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.fas.org/irp/threat/terror_chron.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.fbi.gov/page2/jan06/longarm010506.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://army.mil/terrorism/1989-1980/index.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://terrorism.grady.uga.edu/history/analysistwa.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/30/newsid_2527000/2527337.stm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/10/20011010-1.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2009, there was a report of a &amp;quot;Massive Hezbollah Terror Attack Against Israeli Target In Europe,&amp;quot; that has been thwarted. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.nationalterroralert.com/updates/2009/01/28/report-massive-hezbollah-terror-attack-against-israeli-target-in-europe-thwarted/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===South America===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
US designates two Hezbollah operatives in [[Venezuela]] as terrorists- Hezbollah has used the tri-border region between Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay to recruit, train, raise and launder money, and plot attacks.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.treas.gov/press/releases/hp1036.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hezbollah and [[Iran]] both are charged, via clear evidence, by Argentinian court, with the [[Amia]] terror bombing which killed 85 and wounded 300. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6085768.stm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/3179861.stm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.intelligence.org.il/eng/eng_n/argentina_e.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4188/is_20061026/ai_n16818404&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, furthermore, Argentina accuses Iran of meddling in probe of 1994 Jewish center bombing&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/787765.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; , the investigation finds [[Iranian]], Hezbollah and [[Syrian]] involvement &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.adl.org/Terror/terror_buenos_aries_attack.asp&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Haaretz]] wrote in detail on &amp;quot;How Iran planned the Buenos Aires blast - 1994&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=273898&amp;amp;contrassID=2&amp;amp;subContrassID=1&amp;amp;sbSubContrassID=0:&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17874369/ Hezbollah builds a Western base], From inside South America’s Tri-border area, Iran-linked militia targets U.S. By Pablo Gato and Robert Windrem, ''NBC News'', May 9, 2007. Retrieved from MSNBC.com June 4 2007.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist|2}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Political Parties]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Terrorism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Islam]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Lebanon]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{terrorism}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Cleavage_planes&amp;diff=779863</id>
		<title>Cleavage planes</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Cleavage_planes&amp;diff=779863"/>
		<updated>2010-05-21T03:32:06Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Cleavage planes''' are common in [[crystal]]line [[mineral]]s.  They tend to follow weaker bonded lines through the crystal matrix, and lend a characteristic appearance to many [[minerals]] when they are fractured naturally or by a mineralogist.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The art of [[diamond]] cutting exploits the many possible [[cleavage planes]] in the [[diamond]] crystal in order to create a beautifully [[refraction|refractive]] [[gem]] from the raw [[material]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Graphite]], a pure [[carbon]] crystal like [[diamond]], is so weakly bonded between its layers that the layers slide readily over one another; hence its use as a [[lubricant]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Geology]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Al_Franken&amp;diff=779653</id>
		<title>Al Franken</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Al_Franken&amp;diff=779653"/>
		<updated>2010-05-20T16:26:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: Article clearly shows his attitude toward conservatives, removing strong language from the intro. I /think/ this is more effective. Please revert me if I'm wrong.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Officeholder&lt;br /&gt;
|name=Al Franken&lt;br /&gt;
|image=Al_franken_senate.jpg‎ &lt;br /&gt;
|party=[[Democrat]] ([[DFL]])&lt;br /&gt;
|spouse=Franni Bryson Franken&lt;br /&gt;
|religion=Judaism&lt;br /&gt;
|offices=&lt;br /&gt;
	{{Officeholder/senator&lt;br /&gt;
	|state=Minnesota&lt;br /&gt;
	|terms=July 7, 2009 – Present&lt;br /&gt;
	|preceded=[[Norm Coleman]]&lt;br /&gt;
	|former=n&lt;br /&gt;
	|succeeded=&lt;br /&gt;
	}}&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Alan Stuart &amp;quot;Al&amp;quot; Franken''' (born May 21, 1951), a [[liberal]] [[Democrat]] and former satirist and comedian known for his attacks against [[Republican]]s and [[Conservatives]], is the junior U.S. Senator from [[Minnesota]]. He was declared the winner after obtaining a slim majority of the votes. The Minnesota Supreme Court rejected the last legal challenges from his opponent, [[Norm Coleman]], who conceded. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After all the court appeals the Republican governor of Minnesota, [[Tim Pawlenty]], signed the certificate of election for Franken and he took office July 6, 2009, for a six year term.  Franken's win gave Democrats a 58-40-2 margin in the Senate, enough to shut off filibusters if the 58, along with two Independents who caucus with the Democrats, hang together.&lt;br /&gt;
==Career==&lt;br /&gt;
Franken was born in [[New York City]], and spent several years while growing up in St Louis Park, a suburb of [[Minneapolis]]. Until he decided to run for the Senate, he lived in [[California]] and [[New York]] all of his adult life. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.owenfranken.com/bio.html Owen Franken, Biography, statement about where Al Franken resided]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
==Policies==&lt;br /&gt;
Franken has been deliberately vague about his position on all major policy issues--except on Iraq, where he reversed himself 180 degrees under intense pressure from the left in Minnesota.&lt;br /&gt;
===Iraq===&lt;br /&gt;
In the 2008 campaign Franken emphasized his strong opposition to President Bush's policies in Iraq. However he is a relatively recent convert to the conviction that the U.S. should immediately pull out of Iraq. Back in 2003 when the country debated the war, Franken supported intervention. He repeatedly visited Iraq to entertain troops, and came to admire them. By 2006 he argued Bush's handling of the war was incompetent, but as late as June 2006 agreed with Bush in opposing a timeline for withdrawal. Pushed by the anti-war left in Minnesota, Franken in late 2006 finally declared his opposition. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.startribune.com/politics/national/senate/11761151.html    Patricia Lopez; Minneapolis Star Tribune, Nov. 30, 2007]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Vulgar satire==&lt;br /&gt;
His career was as a rather vulgar satirist, comedian, and former radio host for the [[Air America]] network. Franken has worked as a comedy writer and performer on the television program ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' and was the star and screenwriter of the motion picture ''Stuart Saves His Family''.&lt;br /&gt;
Franken has also written for ''Playboy'' magazine, a pornographic publication, although his supporters and the media often skip over that when they talk about him.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Within six months of leaving ''Air America'' to assume his Senate duties, the liberal slanted radio network Franken had been with since its founding filed for [[bankruptcy]] due to declining listenership, ad revenue, and the unwillingness of investors to absorb further losses. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.newmediajournal.us/media/01222010.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Style==&lt;br /&gt;
Franken is known for his anti-conservative hate speak (he has called them &amp;quot;nasty, hateful people&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.randomhouse.com/doubleday/doasisay/quiz.pdf Random House.com]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;) and his coarse humor. He once quipped to the Harvard Crimson, &amp;quot;I dislike homosexuals. I was glad when that [Harvard] homosexual got killed.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.gaypatriot.net/2007/01/18/al-frankens-anti-gay-past/]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://lloydletta.blogspot.com/2007/01/al-franken-jokes-about-murder-of-gay.html]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=112149]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In his book ''Lying Liars'', Franken wrote that a &amp;quot;Methodist minister had had his head up his %#@&amp;quot; in a dispute about the Bible &amp;quot;Do you know what God’s punishment is for liars?&amp;quot; [the minister] asked me ... &amp;quot;God’s punishment for liars is that they believe their own lies.&amp;quot; The minister was referring to 2 Thess 2:10-12 which says substantially that. Franken acknowledged his mistake in the paperback version.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At one point his radio show was going to be called &amp;quot;The Liberal Show&amp;quot;. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/21/magazine/21FRANKEN.html?pagewanted=8&amp;amp;ei=5007&amp;amp;en=5c47bbc5c11b11f2&amp;amp;ex=1395205200&amp;amp;partner=USERLAND Al Franken, Seriously]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  but upon debut, it was known as &amp;quot;The O'Franken Factor,&amp;quot; a name Franken chose to parody [[Bill O'Reilly]] and taunt him into a lawsuit, getting his show free publicity.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.kgw.com/business/stories/kgw_033004_biz_progressive_radio.d7edf1d8.html Al Franken's liberal radio network comes to Portland]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; When the lawsuit failed to materialize, the show was renamed &amp;quot;The Al Franken Show.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2008 election==&lt;br /&gt;
In the 2008 election campaign,  Franken's rudeness, vulgarity, and coarse style led critics to ask about whether he alienated himself from the important undecided swing voters&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.startribune.com/587/story/1083904.html Star Tribune retrieved 6 April, 2007&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://elections.foxnews.com/2008/06/06/frankens-senate-race-haunted-by-1995-rape-joke-on-snl-set/ Franken’s Senate Race Haunted by 1995 Rape Joke on ‘SNL’ Set]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Franken was under fire for an interview he did in Playboy magazine that was considered by many to be unbecoming for a senatorial candidate&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.newsmax.com/insidecover/franken_playboy/2008/05/29/100040.html?s=al&amp;amp;promo_code=635B-1] and [http://www.newsmax.com/insidecover/Washington_Post_franken/2008/06/18/105702.html]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The election was very close, with multiple recounts and appeals. On January 5, 2009, the Minnesota election board declared Franken the winner by a razor-thin 225 votes. Coleman filed a lawsuit, which by state law had to be resolved before Franken could be seated. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090105/ap_on_el_se/minnesota_senate&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; He was seated July 7th, 2009, upon which the Wall Street Journal proclaimed that &amp;quot;Mr. Franken now goes to the Senate having effectively stolen an election.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://spectator.org/archives/2009/07/02/al-frankens-blue-ball Al Franken's Blue Ball; American Spectator, July 2, 2009]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://bighollywood.breitbart.com/jromano/2009/05/07/perkins-coie/ When Dems Don’t Have the Votes, Perkins Coie Finds Them - Big Hollywood, May 7, 2009]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Controversial Statements==&lt;br /&gt;
On Franken's website there is the admonition ''&amp;quot;Anybody who deliberately propagandizes with lies should be held up to scorn and ridicule&amp;quot;''&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://lyingliar.com/index.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.  Throughout his books he has held himself to &amp;quot;impossibly high standards&amp;quot; to tell the truth about those he has written about.  Author Alan Skorski researched two of Franken's books (''Rush Limbaugh is a Big Fat Idiot'' and ''Lies and the Lying Liars who Tell Them'') and found an extensive pattern of lies, misstatements, factual inaccuracies, among them:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Accusing Ann Coulter of &amp;quot;lying with footnotes&amp;quot; by &amp;quot;citing a source and misrepresenting what it says&amp;quot;; throughout his book Skorski states that Franken has done exactly that on numerous occasions (Skorski, pg. xiii)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Accusing President George W. Bush of treason&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*The collision between Bush foreign policy advisor Richard Armitage and news reporter Helen Thomas, which Franken had claimed broke both her hip and jaw (''Lying Liars'', pg 218), but which Thomas herself said never happened (Skorski, pg 208).  After this came to light, Franken later added a footnote in the paperback version of the book saying, &amp;quot;The Helen Thomas thing is a joke.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Franken, ''Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them'', page 227 of the paperback&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Franken stated he is &amp;quot;often compared to Rush Limbaugh&amp;quot; when on the air, despite the fact that by the time he left his Air America show to run for the U.S. Senate, his radio network was reduced to just over 40 market stations as a result of severely-low ratings and ultimately bankruptcy.  Limbaugh, by comparison, plays on more than 600 stations with an average daily listening audience of 22 million (Skorski, pg 303).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Franken claimed on his radio show (June 1, 2005) that Rush Limbaugh made up a quotation supposedly said by Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, which claimed Ginsburg said &amp;quot;replacing 'Mother's Day' and 'Father's Day' with a 'Parent's Day' should be considered...&amp;quot;.  Skorski did a Google check on Ginsburg and discovered a May 20, 2005 column from the ''National Review'' titled &amp;quot;Bench Warmers, Putting Judicial Nominees in Perspective, Part III&amp;quot;; this column cited a September, 1974 article written by Ginsburg which advocated for the creation of a &amp;quot;Parent's Day&amp;quot; to replace both Mother's and Father's Days.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Franken claimed John Murphy of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce was lying when he took a pro-CAFTA (Central American Free Trade Agreement) position on PBS's ''Lehrer Report'' (July 27, 2005) stating &amp;quot;we've seen unemployment fall to 5.0 percent today, which is lower than it's been in decades.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.bls.gov/cps/prev_yrs.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.  Skorski demonstrated that Franken took the unemployment figures under the Clinton Administration by the month (rather than by the year as the Bureau of Labor Statistics does) and willfully distorted them to make it appear that it was Murphy who was lying (Skorski, pg. 77-78).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Quotes == &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Republicans are shameless d**ks. No, that's not fair. Republican politicians are shameless d**ks. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;The Truth (With Jokes) p. 58&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;Nobody likes getting an abortion. Except perhaps, rape victims.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;The Truth (With Jokes) p. 124&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Of how big an a-s [[Brit Hume]] is, and how shamless, how f*cking shamless these people are, these people are so f*cking shamless.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Howard Dean fundrasier, 2003&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;Ever tempted to run for office yourself?&amp;quot; Franken replied, &amp;quot;Oh, no! First of all, if I took one vote away from a serious candidate, it would be a sin.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Time Magazine, 09/01/03&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;If I put myself on the ballot and even 50 people voted for me, it would be a travesty.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;The Oregonian, 02/22/99&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;It's not preppies, cause I'm a preppie myself. I just don't like homosexuals. If you ask me, they're all homosexuals in the Pudding. Hey, I was glad when that Pudding homosexual got killed in Philadelphia.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;The Harvard Crimson, 4/16/76&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;The shocking thing about crack is how fast the addiction runs its course. It's not unusual for alcoholics to take 20 or 30 years to hit bottom. Cocaine addicts take maybe a couple of years. Crack, a form of cocaine, usually is a matter of months. The Reagan Administration has been the crack of our nation's debt addiction. And [[Ronald Reagan]], the crack dealer.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Addictions and Mr. Reagan&amp;quot; by Al Franken, The New York Times, 7/19/88&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;In an odd way, I blame Linda Tripp and Ann Coulter for Sept. 11, because if they hadn't dug this stuff up, it may not have happened,&amp;quot; Franken on-air comment following separate interviews about 'wagging the dog,' a reference to conservative accusations that Clinton diverted attention from the Monica Lewinsky scandal by launching attacks on terrorists. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 4/7/04&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;I think, for example, under god probably shouldn't be in the pledge of allegiance, it wasn't put in there since, like the 50's, but it's not that big a deal to me. In god we trust probably shouldn't be on the coin. I don't care.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Rmm5ioINl4&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Playboy Article ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2000, Al Franken's comments appeared in a ''Playboy'' article titled &amp;quot;Porn-O-Rama!&amp;quot; He was quoted as saying that the Internet is a great tool for learning and that his 12 year old son was able to do a report on bestiality for a sixth-grade assignment.&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:alfrankendiapers.jpg|right|thumb| Minnesota embarrassment (in purportedly fake photo)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Tax Issues ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During his 2008 campaign, it was discovered that Franken had not paid state taxes in 17 states he earned money over the last four years. Franken blamed it on his accountant saying &amp;quot;This all really comes from one mistake, which is him not understanding that I was supposed to pay state taxes in these other states.&amp;quot; Franken says he will pay those states now, plus interest and penalties for a total of $70,000. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2008/05/01/accountants/ Accountants: Franken's tax problems should have been caught] Minnesota Public Radio, May 2, 2008&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  As of March, 2009, Franken had failed to supply proof that the arrears in taxes had been paid.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==United States Senate==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Franken was sworn in to the Senate on July 7, 2009, and is currently ranked 99th in seniority. To much surprise, a Septemeber 14, 2009 Senate AMDT. 2355 prohibiting use of funds to fund the Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now ([[ACORN]]), Franken voted with the winning majority to strip ACORN funding. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&amp;amp;session=1&amp;amp;vote=00275 U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 111th Congress - 1st Session]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; This after having received ACORN support in his Senate election campaign, ''&amp;quot;I'm thrilled and honored to receive this endorsement,&amp;quot;'' and ''&amp;quot;more motivated than ever to work with ACORN.&amp;quot;'' &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.startribune.com/opinion/commentary/61519432.html?elr=KArksDyycyUtyycyUiD3aPc:_Yyc:aUU Katherine Kersten: Worst trouble with ACORN is at the polls, StarTribune, September 26, 2009]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Books by Franken ==&lt;br /&gt;
*''I'm Good Enough, I'm Smart Enough, and Doggone It, People Like Me!'' (Dell Books, 1992) (in character as Stuart Smalley)  &lt;br /&gt;
*''Rush Limbaugh is a Big Fat Idiot'' (Delacorte Press, 1996) (a satirical book of personal attacks on [[Rush Limbaugh]] as well as other conservatives.)&lt;br /&gt;
*''Why Not Me?'' (Delacorte Press, 1999) (a parody-journal kept through the fictional &amp;quot;Franken for President&amp;quot; campaign)&lt;br /&gt;
*''Oh, the Things I know! A Guide to Success, or Failing That, Happiness'' (Plume Books, 2003)&lt;br /&gt;
*''[[Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them|Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them: A Fair and Balanced Look at the Right]]'' (Dutton Books, 2003) (targets conservative commentators and the media, particularly [[Ann Coulter]], [[Bill O'Reilly]], [[Sean Hannity]] as well as Fox News)&lt;br /&gt;
*''The Truth (with jokes)'' (Dutton Books, 2005) (Franken's view on how [[George W. Bush]] beat [[John Kerry]] in the 2004 Election with what Al Franken calls the &amp;quot;Fears, Smears, and Queers strategy&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Further reading==&lt;br /&gt;
*''[http://www.newsmax.com/headlines/acorn_minnesota_franken/2009/07/06/232551.html Did [[ACORN]] Elect Al Franken?]'', David A. Patten, Newsmax.com, July 6 2009.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
== See Also ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Franken Syndrome]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
*Skorski, Alan. ''Pants On Fire: How Al Franken Lies, Smears, and Deceives,'' Cumberland House Publishing, Nashville, Tennessee (2005)&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.frankenlies.com/ Website devoted to exposing Franken's lies from his two books, ''The Truth'' and ''Lies and the Lying Liars'']&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0291253/ Al Franken] at the Internet Movie Database&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1142525 Al Franken] at National Public Radio&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oHg5SJYRHA0] Al Franken engaging in highly unbecoming behavior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Liberalism}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT: Franken, Al}} &lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Democratic Party]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Abortion Advocates]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Authors]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Broadcasters]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Liberal Activists]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:United States Senators]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:111th United States Congress]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Ron_Paul&amp;diff=779391</id>
		<title>Ron Paul</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Ron_Paul&amp;diff=779391"/>
		<updated>2010-05-19T21:07:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JimFullerton: /* Straw Poll results */ Link broken&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Image:Ronpaul.jpg|right|250x250px|thumb|Ron Paul]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ronald Ernest “Ron” Paul''' (born 20 August, 1935) is a conservative 10th-term Congressman, a former Air Force Flight Surgeon, a medical doctor (M.D.) and a 2008 presidential candidate from the U.S. state of [[Texas]]. As a [[Republican Party|Republican]], he has represented Texas's 14th congressional district in the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]] since 1997, and had previously served as the representative from Texas's 22nd district in 1976 and from 1979 to 1985. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Congress he has proposed doing away with personal income taxes, federal antitrust laws and the minimum wage. He advocated pulling the United States out of the United Nations, NATO and the International Monetary Fund.  Republicans ignore him; most of his bills fail to attract a single co-sponsor. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
However in 2009 he has attracted over 300 votes for his bipartisan proposal to subject the [[Federal Reserve]] to unprecedented scrutiny by allowing the Government Accountability Office to audit all central bank operations, including its decisions on interest rates, lending to individual banks and transactions with foreign central banks. He has a separate bill to abolish the Fed altogether. (He is the lone sponsor.) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Paleolibertarian==&lt;br /&gt;
Paul is a [[pro-life]] states' rights [[libertarian]], also known as a [[paleolibertarianism|paleolibertarian]]. [[paleolibertarianism|Paleolibertarians]] advocate a limited role of government, low taxes, free markets, strict construction of the [[U.S. Constitution]], and a return to monetary policies based on commodity-backed currency. He has earned the nickname &amp;quot;Dr. No&amp;quot; for voting against any bill he believes violates the Constitution. In the words of former Treasury Secretary William Simon, Paul is the &amp;quot;one exception to the Gang of 535&amp;quot; on Capitol Hill. He has never voted to raise taxes or congressional pay. He has always voted against the [[USA PATRIOT Act]], the [[Military Commissions Act of 2006]], and the [[Iraq War]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Congressional record==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ron Paul is noted for his authorship of the We the People Act, an act which removed the ability of the US Supreme Court to hear cases involving discrimination based on sexual orientation or religion.  He is also noted for submitting several bills banning [[abortion]], and somewhat controversially was the only person to oppose the Darfur Divestment Act of 2007, a bill which disallowed the US government, corporations, and individuals from sending money to or doing business with the janjaweed rebel group of the Sudan.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Early life and education ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dr. Ron Paul was born in [[Pittsburgh]], Pennsylvania to Howard Caspar Paul and Margaret Paul.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://dailypaul.com/node/53&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.wargs.com/political/paul.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; He graduated from Dormont High School in Dormont, Pennsylvania, in 1953. Paul attended Gettysburg College, receiving his [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in 1957, and the [[Duke University School of Medicine]], receiving [[Doctor of Medicine|M.D.]] in 1961. He did his [[internship]] and [[Residency (medicine)|residency]] at [[Henry Ford Hospital]] in [[Detroit]], Michigan, from 1961 to 1962, and was a [[flight surgeon]] in the [[United States Air Force]] from 1963 to 1968. He and his wife Carol moved to Texas in 1968, where he began his medical practice in Brazoria County. As a specialist in [[obstetrics]]/[[gynecology]], Dr. Paul has delivered more than 4,000 babies. He and Carol, who reside in Lake Jackson, Texas, are the proud parents of five children and have seventeen grandchildren.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Paul is a Baptist.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Political affiliations and support==&lt;br /&gt;
Although a Republican, Paul remains on good terms with the Libertarian Party and addressed its national convention as recently as 2004.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.theadvocates.org/liberator/vol-09-num-10.htm Liberator online archive] on Advocates for self-governing accessed at March 4, 2007&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Paul served as the honorary chairman of and is a current member of the [[Republican Liberty Caucus]], a political action organization dedicated to promoting the ideals of individual rights, limited government and free enterprise within the Republican Party.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://fl.rlc.org/ Republican Liberty Caucus of Florida] accessed at March 4, 2007&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Unlike many political candidates, Paul receives the overwhelming majority of his campaign contributions (96.8% in 2005-2006), from individuals. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.opensecrets.org/politicians/summary.asp?CID=N00005906&amp;amp;cycle=2006/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Political Views==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Paul wants to &amp;quot;reinstate the [[United States Constitution|Constitution]] and restore the [[Republic]].&amp;quot; He rejects a [[welfare state]] or [[nanny state]] role for the federal government, and advocates a strong [[non-interventionism|non-interventionist]] [[foreign policy]]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He voted against the [[Iraq War]] in 2002 and has offered alternatives such as granting the President authority to grant [[Letters of Marque and Reprisal]], and arming [[pilot]]s. He is the only Republican presidential candidate to have voted against the Iraq War. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Paul's desire to secure U.S. borders remains a key topic in his 2008 presidential campaign. He opposes the [[North American Union]] proposition and its proposed integration of Mexico, the United States of America, and Canada.  Paul voted &amp;quot;yes&amp;quot; on the [[Secure Fence Act of 2006]], which authorizes the construction of an additional 700 miles of double-layered fencing between the U.S and Mexico. Paul opposes illegal immigration as well as amnesty for illegal immigrants.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the May 3, 2007 GOP Debate, Ron Paul stated that as President, he would seek the immediate abolition of the [[Internal Revenue Service|IRS]] and the abolition of the income tax. As Congressman, he has long fought for the [[Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_9:_Limits_on_Congress|prohibition of direct taxes]] by repeal of the [[16th Amendment to the United States Constitution|16th Amendment]] which created the [[income tax]]. Ron Paul supports a return to the [[gold]] standard of currency particularly newer theorized pure strain gold.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On March 5, 2008, Ron Paul was the only member of the house to vote against a bill &amp;quot;Condemning the ongoing Palestinian rocket attacks on Israeli civilians, and for other purposes&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2008/roll093.xml FINAL VOTE RESULTS FOR ROLL CALL 93&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://pressmediawire.com/article.cfm?articleID=18214 Congressman Ron Paul's Statement on Gaza Bill&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2008 Presidential Campaign==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Paul formally declared his candidacy for the Presidential election in 2008 in 12 March, 2007 as a guest on [[Washington Journal]] on [[C-SPAN]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news | url = http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/metro/stories/MYSA031207.paul2008.EN.74141d9.html | title = Paul formally launches presidential bid | first = Gary | last = Martin | work = San Antonio Express-News | accessdate = 2007-03-13}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://chbn.com/Clip.aspx?key=1CD9E3A0397BCBEC Ron Paul announcing candidacy on C-SPAN]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.  In regards to his candidacy, he had a 30-minute interview with online political analyst [[James Kotecki]] regarding foreign policy, Congress and the Constitution, and personal liberties.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.youtube.com/jameskotecki James Kotecki interviews Ron Paul]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Paul participated (along with nine other Republican presidential candidates) in the [[Ronald Reagan Presidential Library]]'s 2008 Republican Presidential Candidates Debate on May 3, 2007. Ron Paul finished first in the MSNBC poll following the GOP primary debate with 43 percent -- beating second place [[Mitt Romney]] by 5 percentage points.[http://www.ronpaul2008.typepad.com/]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Paul seemed to have dropped slightly in the polls that followed the second Republican debate in Columbia, South Carolina, to 25 percent.  This was probably as a result of his suggestion that weekly bombing of [[Iraq]] following [[Operation Desert Fox]] in December 1998 may have contributed sufficiently to [[Arab]] anger at the United States as to make the [[September 11, 2001 attacks|September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks]] inevitable.  Paul was excoriated by [[Rudy Giuliani]], who said that this was the most bizarre explanation for the attacks he had ever heard.  Other Republican commentators sought to explain Paul's continued strength in post-debate polls as the result of multiple votes by his supporters or voting by non-Republicans. In response to Rudy Giuliani, the next day at the National Press Club, Ron Paul offered Rudy a book list to read regarding the issue of American foreign policy. These books are ''Imperial Hubris'' by Michael Scheuer, ''Dying to Win'' by Robert Pape, ''Blowback'' by Chalmers Johnson, and ''The 9-11 Commission Report'' by the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Eric Dondero, a former Ron Paul staffer, declared himself a candidate against Paul in the 2008 Republican primary election to represent the 14th District of Texas in Congress.  Dondero (called &amp;quot;Dumbdero among [[libertarians]] dropped out shortly thereafter.  Considering the trouncing Paul ended up giving to [[Chris Peden]] in the 2008 republican congressional primary, it was likely for the better.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Paul has garnered large amounts of support from activists, particularly on the [[Internet]]. Many have come up with creative ways to campaign for their candidate. For example, some Paul supporters, who are not officially affiliated with his campaign, purchased a blimp to fly overhead with the phrases &amp;quot;Who is Ron Paul? Google Ron Paul&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Ron Paul Revolution&amp;quot;. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.ronpaulblimp.com/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The [[neo-Nazi]] organization [[Stormfront]] also provided [[widget]]s on its internet site to enable people to electronically donate cash to Paul's campaign. Stormfront's founder, former [[Ku Klux Klan]] member Don Black, also gave financial support to Paul's campaign.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://lonestartimes.com/2007/10/25/rpb1/ Lone Star Times] 25 October 2007. Retrieved 24 July 2008.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He dropped out of the race on June 12, 2008, but will keep spreading his [[message]] by working to help elect [[Libertarianism|libertarian-leaning]] Republicans to [[public]] office around the [[United States of America|U.S.]] &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://elections.foxnews.com/2008/06/12/ron-paul-ends-campaign-will-shift-gears/ &lt;br /&gt;
Ron Paul Ends Campaign, Will ‘Shift Gears’], [[Associated Press]], ''[[Fox News Channel|Fox News]]'', June 12, 2008&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Possible Campaign censorship by the Media ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fox News has more times excluded Ron Paul from its programs, even in at least one case removing him from Iowa Straw Poll results. Fox News' results left out Paul (as well as [[Tom Tancredo]]), even though they scored 9.1% and 13.7%, respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
=== Straw Poll results ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ron Paul was recently established as the most frequent winner of Straw Poll.{{fact}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Ron Paul Quotes==&lt;br /&gt;
* on Congressman [[Larry McDonald]], passenger on [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]], shot down by the Soviets near [[Moneron Island]] on Sept. 1, 1983 -  &amp;quot;He was the most principled man in Congress&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Telephone Hotline==&lt;br /&gt;
Ron Paul runs a toll-free [[telephone]] hotline with a recorded message of conservative commentary.  It is updated every Monday. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.house.gov/paul/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Books by Ron Paul==&lt;br /&gt;
* ''Challenge to Liberty''. Lake Jackson, Tex.: Foundation for Rational Economics and Education&lt;br /&gt;
* ''Gold, Peace, and Prosperity''. Lake Jackson, Tex.: Foundation for Rational Economics and Education&lt;br /&gt;
* ''Ten Myths About Paper Money''. Lake Jackson, Tex.: Foundation for Rational Economics and Education&lt;br /&gt;
* ''The Case for Gold''. Reprinted by the [[The Cato Institute|Cato Institute]], 1982; Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2007. ISBN 0-932790-31-3. ([http://www.mises.org/books/caseforgold.pdf])&lt;br /&gt;
* ''A Republic, If You Can Keep It''&lt;br /&gt;
* ''Mises and Austrian Economics: A Personal View''.  Auburn, Ala.: [[Ludwig von Mises Institute]], 1984.&lt;br /&gt;
* ''Freedom Under Siege:  The U.S. Constitution After 200 Years''.  Lake Jackson, Tex.: Foundation for Rational Economics and Education, 1987. ([http://www.dailypaul.com/node/65] Book distributed with permission in 7 parts in pdf-format)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''A Foreign Policy of Freedom''. Lake Jackson, Tex.: Foundation for Rational Economics and Education, 2007. ISBN 0-912453-00-1&lt;br /&gt;
* ''The Revolution: A Manifesto'', Hachette Book Group USA, 2008. ISBN 978-0446537513&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Gwynne, Sam (1 October, 2001).  ''Texas Monthly''.&lt;br /&gt;
* Bernstein, Alan (May 23, 1996). “Newsletter excerpts offer ammunition to Paul's opponent; GOP hopeful quoted on race, crime”, ''The Houston Chronicle'', p. A33.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Ron Paul Background&amp;quot;. Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life: Religion &amp;amp; Politics '08. Pew Research Center. September 2007. http://pewforum.org/religion08/profile.php?CandidateID=15. Retrieved on 2007-10-21.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
===Official Sites and Publications===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.ronpaul2008.com/ Official Ron Paul 2008 Presidential Campaign Site]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.house.gov/paul/ Official web site of Congressman Ron Paul]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.myspace.com/congressmanronpaul Ron Paul's MySpace page]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www3.webng.com/ronpaul Ron Paul Grassroots Campaign] &amp;lt;!-- I think this is official, but I'm not 100% sure --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://antiwar.com/paul/archives.php Rep. Ron Paul's Column for Antiwar.com]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.mediamonitors.net/ronpaul2.html Commentary by Rep. Paul on U.S. policy in the Middle East]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.counterpunch.org/paul03182004.html The Broadcast Indecency Act, An Indecent Attack on the First Amendment] by Ron Paul&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.house.gov/paul/congrec/congrec2002/cr062702.htm Is America a Police State?], speech before the U.S. House of Representatives on June 27, 2002&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.youtube.com/user/rescueKAL007#p/c/FD3DE4F0642C350C/0/1c8v-kgLvhM Ron Paul's introduction to Video of Cong.[[Larry McDonald]] on ''Crossfire'' made a few months before  Larry McDonald went down with [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]] brought down by the Soviet Union in 1983]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Positions and Quotations===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ron_Paul Quotes by Ron Paul on Wikiquote]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://senate.ontheissues.org/Ron_Paul.htm On the Issues - Ron Paul] issue positions and quotes&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://vote-smart.org/bio.php?can_id=BC031929 Project Vote Smart - Ron Paul]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/p000583/	Voting record maintained by the Washington Post]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Ron_Paul SourceWatch Congresspedia - Ron Paul]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.medicalmarijuanaprocon.org/BiosInd/Paul.htm Congressman Ron Paul and Medical Marijuana]&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;He was the most principled man in Congress&amp;quot; - On 2nd Chairman of [[John Birch Society]], Congressman [[Larry McDonald]] passenger on [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]] shot down by the Soviets on Sept. 1, 1983&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Third Party Sources about Ron Paul===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.opensecrets.org/politicians/allsummary.asp?CID=N00005906 OpenSecrets.org - Congressional campaign contributions]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.pbs.org/newshour/vote2008/primaries/candidates/paul.html Vote 2008: Ron Paul - Online NewsHour with Jim Lehrer]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://herndon1.sdrdc.com/cgi-bin/can_detail/P80000748 Federal Election Commission - Presidential campaign contributions]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.theadvocates.org/celebrities/ron-paul.html Advocates for Self-Government profile of Ron Paul]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.virtuemag.org/articles/ron-paul Virtue Magazine Political profile of Ron Paul]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://dailypaul.com/node/53 The American Dream - Through the Eyes of Mrs. Ron Paul] by Mrs. Ron Paul on TheDailyPaul.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Articles and Editorials about Ron Paul===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.321gold.com/editorials/taylor/taylor031706.html Congressman Ron Paul Talks About Gold, Oil &amp;amp; the Economy]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.house.gov/paul/press/press2004/pr042104.htm National Taxpayers Union Honors Ron Paul as one of 29 Congressmen who are &amp;quot;Taxpayer's Friends&amp;quot;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{2008_presidential_candidates}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Paul, Ron}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:United States Representatives]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:2008 Presidential Candidates]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Republican Party]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: 110th United States Congress]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Libertarianism]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JimFullerton</name></author>
	</entry>
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