https://conservapedia.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Jnl001 2026-06-18T09:00:46Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.24.2 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Subsistence_pattern&diff=174709 2007-05-23T22:58:51Z

<p>Jnl001: please delete this page</p> <hr /> <div></div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=North_American_Indians&diff=174706 2007-05-23T22:58:06Z

<p>Jnl001: please delete this page</p> <hr /> <div></div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jivaro&diff=174705 2007-05-23T22:56:58Z

<p>Jnl001: please delete this page.</p> <hr /> <div>please delete this page.</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jivaro&diff=174702 2007-05-23T22:55:43Z

<p>Jnl001: Removing all content from page</p> <hr /> <div></div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Debate:Was_the_European_colonization_of_the_Americas_good_for_the_native_people%3F&diff=173246 2007-05-22T23:49:45Z

<p>Jnl001: /* YES */</p> <hr /> <div>{{debate}}<br /> <br /> ==YES==<br /> <br /> The European colonists brought Christianity to the Americas and ended the Central American practice of [[human sacrifice]]. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] 05:22, 21 May 2007 (EDT)<br /> :I wonder how many people were killed to achieve this (latter) laudable aim? [[User:BrianCo|BrianCo]] 05:32, 21 May 2007 (EDT)<br /> <br /> They sensibly replaced it with the human sacrifice to the concept of justice (capital punishment). The improvement here is that efforts are often made to avoid sacrificing innocent individuals. Thus the blood-lust of the population could be nurtured without arbitary victimisation of innocents. [[User:Auld Nick|Auld Nick]] 05:28, 21 May 2007 (EDT)<br /> : North American Indians did not practice human sacrifice. [[User:Poblano|Poblano]] 10:45, 21 May 2007 (EDT)<br /> <br /> Yes, it was definitely good for the natives. Look at how they lived before Europeans came to America. They lived in tepees and were practically naked all the time. Wouldn't you want help if you were in that situation? Thanks to our colonial ancestors, native people now have a much higher quality of life due to casinos, yet are still able to maintain some of their old ways on their reservations. It is the duty of civilized peoples to raise their inferiors up from savagery. Rudyard Kipling's &quot;The White Man's Burden&quot; comes to mind:<br /> <br /> :Take up the White Man’s burden—<br /> :Send forth the best ye breed—<br /> :Go bind your sons to exile<br /> :To serve your captives’ need;<br /> :To wait in heavy harness,<br /> :On fluttered folk and wild—<br /> :Your new-caught, sullen peoples,<br /> :Half-devil and half-child.<br /> <br /> --[[User:Conservateur|Conservateur]] 14:12, 21 May 2007 (EDT)<br /> ::I sincerly hope that the above opinion is not serious, and if it is, that it is not the opinion of the majority of contributors on this site. What a shame.[[User:Jnl001|Jnl001]] 19:49, 22 May 2007 (EDT)<br /> <br /> ==NO==<br /> <br /> Am I allowed to argue on both sides? I don't think this is a black and white issue. <br /> <br /> If the reports of &quot;smallpox blankets&quot; and Caribbean slavery are true, then Columbus took advantage of several thousand native Americans. Also, I've heard that the native population was reduced 90% by European colonists - presumably through conquest and starvation. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] 05:37, 21 May 2007 (EDT)<br /> <br /> I'm not sure what the point of this debate is, the question seems bit of a Trojan Horse, but I would imagine that those who survived would say no. Bringing disease, alcohol and superior firepower to wipe many of them out, then settling their land out can hardly be a good thing from their point of view. Hopefully a few of them will respond here. Of course from the colonists' point of view everything has turned out pretty good. Also European colonization of the Americas covers a very wide range of incomers and indigenous peoples so there can be no simple answer. [[User:BrianCo|BrianCo]] 05:45, 21 May 2007 (EDT)<br /> <br /> No. Just look at the [[Trail of Tears]] and the [[Wounded Knee Massacre]]. I don't think after the North American Indians (who did NOT practice human sacrifice) who surivived mass slaughter, deportation, the rape of their women, the capture of their land, the deliberate and inadvertant spread of disease were thinking: and they brought us Christianity! What benevolent people! [[User:Poblano|Poblano]] 10:45, 21 May 2007 (EDT)<br /> <br /> My God. I cannot believe that anyone is so historically ignorant that they even could ask such a question. Let’s put it this way: If invaders raped your women, forced their religion on you, stole your land, and exposed your people to diseases that resulted in population loss of 90%, would you be OK with that? I did not think so. White man’s burden? Who asked for your help? We were just fine until you jackasses showed up.--[[User:Davyjones|Davyjones]] 14:30, 21 May 2007 (EDT)<br /> <br /> :I hate to ruin your liberal-taught preconceived ideas of how America was colonized, but you have been grossly misinformed. There was not nearly as much raping going on as is claimed by anti-European groups. And for the most part, at least in North America, land was not stolen. It was bought by the British/US governments from tribal leaders, but some of the tribe members refused to leave and had to be evicted or killed. And don't pretend like native tribes were having one big peacefest prior to the arrival of Europeans. The fact is that tribes had been at war with each other for centuries, committing atrocities that rivaled or even surpassed those of the colonials. Even when uniting against the so-called &quot;invaders&quot; would have been in their best interests, they didn't do so.<br /> :If it wasn't for European colonization, there would still be wars between tribes going on today. You're welcome.--[[User:Conservateur|Conservateur]] 14:42, 21 May 2007 (EDT)<br /> DO you have any sources to back that up?--[[User:Davyjones|Davyjones]] 14:54, 21 May 2007 (EDT)<br /> <br /> Good to know that that rape and murder is something to be thankful for. So remember, the next time someone breaks into your home, kills you, rapes your wife, and carries your children off and sells them into slavery, you are supposed to thank them! No wonder people think conservatives are stupid and racist! They never miss a chance to prove they are!--[[User:Davyjones|Davyjones]] 15:04, 21 May 2007 (EDT)<br /> <br /> Conservateur, moral equivocation doesn't make what colonists did either helpful, good, or justified in any way. Just because some of the tribes were at war with each other, or that they commited atrocities that &quot;rivaled or even surpassed&quot; those of the colonists, doesn't make it alright that we devastated them with disease, took any of their lands whatsoever, and commited any acts of violence for the goal of westward conquest. The fact is, colonists were the result of their decimated population, and the loss of their tribal lands, whether through sale or force, and that has to be recognized. And even if it was our intervention that stopped their warring (though clearly, that was not the goal when we set out to expand &quot;our&quot; country), it cost them more than any of their tribal conflics ever did. The natives got the short end of the bargain.--[[User:Stereophile|Stereophile]] 20:45, 21 May 2007 (EDT)</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:Zheng_He&diff=172941 2007-05-22T20:02:31Z

<p>Jnl001: New page: I believe the idea of the fleet reaching the Americas is highly disputed. I am not an expert on Chinese history, but I am pretty sure that the fleet was more likely to have reached Africa...</p> <hr /> <div>I believe the idea of the fleet reaching the Americas is highly disputed. I am not an expert on Chinese history, but I am pretty sure that the fleet was more likely to have reached Africa than America. [[User:Jnl001|Jnl001]] 16:02, 22 May 2007 (EDT)</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jivaro&diff=172890 2007-05-22T19:25:00Z

<p>Jnl001: Have to go, but will continue this later.</p> <hr /> <div>The Jivaro (hee'-va-ro) or ''untsuri suara'' is a tribe of American Indians living in eastern Ecuador. This tribe is the only known tribe to have successfully revolt against the Spanish empire and continue to resist conquest. Before the Spanish came, the Jivaro also held off conquest by the Incan empire. The Jivaro are best know for their making of &quot;shrunken head&quot; trophies or ''tsantsa.'' <br /> <br /> == Background ==<br /> The Jivaro live in the mountainous jungles of eastern Ecuador, between the Andes Mnts. and the Peruvian border. They are generally split between into the Interior and Frontier Jivaro. Frontier Jivaro have been in constatnt contact with white settlers for some time now. They live between the between the Andes range and the Cordillera de Cutucu. The Interior Jivaro have had less contact with settlers because they live farther away, across rough mountain jungles which limit exposure to whites.</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Anthropology&diff=172862 2007-05-22T19:05:35Z

<p>Jnl001: </p> <hr /> <div>Anthropology is a social science that studies [[human]]s from the perspective of their [[culture]]. This is different from disciplines such as [[psychology]], which uses the perspective of personality and cognition; or [[biology]], which focuses on the body. Anthropology studies the whole of the human condition: past, present, and future; biology, society, language and culture. <br /> <br /> American Anthropology is usually divided into four separate disciplines, which overlap each other to varying degrees. Most European schools do not place archaeology in the anthropology field.<br /> <br /> '''Cultural anthropology''' is the study of human society and culture. Methods of research take a wide variety of forms, ranging from living among foreign people to digging through American trash cans. Cultural anthropologists are currently in great demand by international corporations and the Armed Forces.<br /> Recently, many ethnographers are working in their own societies, studying social interaction among immigrant workers, the society of homeless people, and the life of Wall Street investors. <br /> <br /> '''Archaeology''' studies the material remains of cultures. There are many subfields within arcaheology. Most archaeologists are involved in academia, studying a specific culture or culture area's past. There are also many applied archaeologists who work for contractor companies or the government to preserve archaeological sites around the world.<br /> <br /> '''Linguistic anthropology''' studies languages and their development. This is a relatively new field.<br /> <br /> '''Physical anthropology''' studies primates--apes, monkeys, evolution, human variation etc. In many ways it is more akin to biology than to traditional anthropology. Much of its focus is on the musculature, skeletal structure, and neurology of primates. Included in this field is forensic and medical anthropology. Forensic anthropology is using knowledge of bone structure, growth and taphonomy to aid in criminal investigations. Medical anthropology is the study of health care systems and disease history. <br /> <br /> [[Category:Anthropology| ]]</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Anthropology&diff=172858 2007-05-22T19:04:23Z

<p>Jnl001: </p> <hr /> <div>Anthropology is a social science that studies [[human]]s from the perspective of their [[culture]]. This is different from disciplines such as [[psychology]], which uses the perspective of personality and cognition; or [[biology]], which focuses on the body. Anthropology studies the whole of the human condition: past, present, and future; biology, society, language and culture.<br /> <br /> Anthropology is usually divided into four separate disciplines, which overlap each other to varying degrees. <br /> <br /> '''Cultural anthropology''' is the study of human society and culture. Methods of research take a wide variety of forms, ranging from living among foreign people to digging through American trash cans. Cultural anthropologists are currently in great demand by international corporations and the Armed Forces.<br /> Recently, many ethnographers are working in their own societies, studying social interaction among immigrant workers, the society of homeless people, and the life of Wall Street investors. <br /> <br /> '''Archaeology''' studies the material remains of cultures. There are many subfields within arcaheology. Most archaeologists are involved in academia, studying a specific culture or culture area's past. There are also many applied archaeologists who work for contractor companies or the government to preserve archaeological sites around the world.<br /> <br /> '''Linguistic anthropology''' studies languages and their development. This is a relatively new field.<br /> <br /> '''Physical anthropology''' studies primates--apes, monkeys, evolution, human variation etc. In many ways it is more akin to biology than to traditional anthropology. Much of its focus is on the musculature, skeletal structure, and neurology of primates. Included in this field is forensic and medical anthropology. Forensic anthropology is using knowledge of bone structure, growth and taphonomy to aid in criminal investigations. Medical anthropology is the study of health care systems and disease history. <br /> <br /> [[Category:Anthropology| ]]</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:Roman_Catholicism&diff=172848 2007-05-22T18:49:18Z

<p>Jnl001: </p> <hr /> <div>==This is a rough start and others will need to help==<br /> I'm out of my depth here. I really wanted to write something that explains that &quot;Catholic Church&quot; and &quot;Roman Catholic Church&quot; are not synonyms. I think what I've written is sorta-kinda-roughly correct, and I'm not knowingly trying to push any particular point of view. If I've inadvertently stepped on any Roman Catholic, Orthodox, or Anglican toes here, my apologies, and please fix whatever I've gotten wrong. (Try to keep it &quot;as simple as possible, but no simpler.&quot;) [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith]] 13:15, 12 March 2007 (EDT)<br /> <br /> :Generally, catholic (lowercase) means &quot;universal&quot;, whereas Catholic refers to the RCC, by default. If speaking of an Orthodox Catholic church usually it's denoted as to which branch is being discussed. [[User:Cracker|Cracker]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User_Talk:Cracker|talk]]&lt;/sup&gt; 13:39, 12 March 2007 (EDT)<br /> <br /> ::Actually, &quot;Catholic&quot; doesn't refer to the Roman Catholic Church. The &quot;Roman Catholic Church&quot; refers to a specific Rite of the Catholic Church. It's the largest rite, by far, but is not the only rite in the Catholic Church. (These rites are also distinct from the Orthodox Churches. They have little to do with the Great Schism.) I'll try to see if I can clean this up a bit. As it now stands, it's more wrong than right. [[User:Kolbe|Kolbe]] 22:17, 20 March 2007 (EDT)<br /> <br /> ::In the last edit, we lost the information about non-Roman and non-Latin rites:<br /> ::''Catholics, on the other hand, believe that the Roman Catholic Church, as the single true church founded by Christ, is the universal Catholic Church. Some prefer not to refer to their own church as the &quot;Roman&quot; Catholic Church, on the grounds that such formulations implicitly deny this point of doctrine.''<br /> ::I'd argue that it's not the ''Roman'' Catholic Church that is the single true church, but, rather, the ''Catholic'' Church. I understand that in the US (and in the west, in general) the two terms seem interchangeable, but I'd rather not lose the distinction between Roman Catholic and Catholic.[[User:Kolbe|Kolbe]] 03:01, 22 April 2007 (EDT)<br /> <br /> Moved here, until sourced:<br /> :Findings of an investigation determined that sexual abuse of children could probably be almost halved if women were allowed to be ordained in the church.<br /> I've never seen any such study, and I'm not sure how it would even be determined. I also changed hebephilia to ephebophilia, which is more commonly used (both words mean an attraction towards adolescents). [[User:Kolbe|Kolbe]] 22:06, 26 March 2007 (EDT)<br /> <br /> ==Lone sentence==<br /> <br /> :Roman Catholics claim to be the apostolic successors of Saint Peter, who was given authority over his flock in the Bible.<br /> <br /> Can this be merged? Was at [[Roman Catholics]]. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] 18:35, 25 March 2007 (EDT)<br /> :This should be attributed to the Pope, not specifically to Catholics themselves.[[User:Hengineer|Hengineer]] 10:14, 25 April 2007 (EDT)<br /> <br /> &lt;s&gt;==Second Vatican Council==<br /> This should be its own subsection as &quot;The Church&quot; prior and post to the Council were almost two different churches?[[User:Hengineer|Hengineer]] 10:15, 25 April 2007 (EDT)<br /> &lt;/s&gt;<br /> <br /> Oops, wrote too soon, I didn't realize the &quot;Roman Catholic Church&quot; article already existed.[[User:Hengineer|Hengineer]] 10:16, 25 April 2007 (EDT)<br /> <br /> ==Controversy?==<br /> I dont know if it is so smart to put that in yet. I mean like put some factual stuff then put in the controversy, because making an article negative is not very appeasing to a reader. --[[User:Will N.|Will N.]] 08:41, 3 May 2007 (EDT)<br /> <br /> What do you expect on this site? Conservapedia has a deeply unhealthy obsession with paedophiles and gay sex. Really makes me worried about a lot of the editors. --[[User:Bible Mike|Bible Mike]] 10:27, 3 May 2007 (EDT)<br /> <br /> lol i do not have an obsession witht that. that is nasty. ew why would you ever say that? --[[User:Will N.|Will N.]] 10:29, 3 May 2007 (EDT)<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Requirements==<br /> Currently, the article states:<br /> :To belong to the Catholic Church one must accept as factually true the gospel of our lord Jesus Christ. &quot;The chief teachings of the Catholic church are: God’s objective existence; God’s interest in individual human beings, who can enter into relations with God (through prayer); the Trinity; the divinity of Jesus; the immortality of the soul of each human being, each one being accountable at death for his or her actions in life, with the award of heaven or hell; the resurrection of the dead; the historicity of the Gospels; and the divine commission of the church. In addition the Roman Catholic Church stresses that since the members, living and dead, share in each other’s merits, the Virgin Mary and other saints and the dead in purgatory are never forgotten.&quot;<br /> <br /> I might argue some of those points. Primarily, to be Catholic is to be baptized (including, possibly, a baptism of faith) and to participate in the sacraments. I'd accept creedal statements along the lines of the Apostles' Creed or the Nicene Creed as possible requirements of faith. Belief in the existence of God, sure. In Jesus, in his death and resurrection, sure. In the resurrection of the body, in the communion of saints in life everlasting, sure. But the historicity of the Gospels? The divine commission of the Church? Sure, these are things that are taught by the Church. But I don't know that they're necessary to being Catholic. (I'm not sure why one would be Catholic if one didn't believe the divine commission of the Church, but still...) And, more importantly, I'd say that to belong to the Catholic Church is to participate in the sacraments--to receive the Eucharist, to be baptized, to be reconciled to God, and so on. The church is at least as much a sacramental church as a creedal church (and, I'd argue, it's more a sacramental church than a creedal church). [[User:Kolbe|Kolbe]] 23:34, 11 May 2007 (EDT)<br /> <br /> <br /> == Catholics not as Christians? ==<br /> Do we really need that part? It just doesn't really sound very encyclopedic. According to two websites Catholics aren't Christians, but according to some other websites out there aliens are secretly in control of the government. I feel I have to raise a question concerning that bit. Recomend it is deleted, or the contention be in some way justified.[[User:Jnl001|Jnl001]] 14:49, 22 May 2007 (EDT)</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Archaeology&diff=172815 2007-05-22T18:21:39Z

<p>Jnl001: </p> <hr /> <div>{{stub}}<br /> '''Archaeology''' (or '''archeology''') is the branch of American Anthropology that reconstructs, describes, and interprets human behavior and cultural patterns through material remains such as artifacts, ecofacts, and lithics.[1] In most European universities, Archaeology is typically a part of the histroy department. Archaeologists generally are divided by specialty. Historic archaeologists concentrate on sites and cultures associated with modern times. Classical archaeologists are interested in Egypt, Greece, Rome, and other similar societies. Prehistoric archaeologists tend to concentrate on societies not possesing a written language. There is also the field of Cultural Resource Management, or Applied Archaeology, which is entailed with screening for, and then preserving archaeological sites. There is also a number of Biblical archaeologists interested in excavating sites related to Biblical stories or timeframes. <br /> <br /> Archaeologists rely on the careful excavation interpretation of artfacts in order to explore the past. The quinesential experience of all archaeologists is the &quot;dig&quot;, or field excavation. In actuality, an excavation is nothing more than very precise, very scientific hole digging. Archaeologists must measure and record the exact position in three dimensions of an artifact, and also note differences in soil composition, stratification, color, and consistency. When an arcaheological dig is complete, the researchers must be able to reconstruct the exact locations of all the artifacts and ecofacts that were removed from the site. Failure to do this results in a loss of context, and ultimately data that are unusable. <br /> <br /> <br /> == Refs ==<br /> [1]Kottak, Conrad. 2005. ''Window on humanity: A Concise Introduction to Anthropology'' New York: McGraw-Hill.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:science]]</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Archaeology&diff=172803 2007-05-22T18:08:09Z

<p>Jnl001: </p> <hr /> <div>{{stub}}<br /> '''Archaeology''' (or '''archeology''') is the branch of American Anthropology that reconstructs, describes, and interprets human behavior and cultural patterns through material remains such as artifacts, ecofacts, and lithics.[1] In most European universities, Archaeology is typically a part of the histroy department. Archaeologists generally are divided by specialty. Historic archaeologists concentrate on sites and cultures associated with modern times. Classical archaeologists are interested in Egypt, Greece, Rome, and other similar societies. Prehistoric archaeologists tend to concentrate on societies not possesing a written language. There is also the field of Cultural Resource Management, or Applied Archaeology, which is entailed with screening for, and then preserving archaeological sites. <br /> <br /> <br /> == Refs ==<br /> [1]Kottak, Conrad. 2005. ''Window on humanity: A Concise Introduction to Anthropology'' New York: McGraw-Hill.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:science]]</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Archaeology&diff=172800 2007-05-22T18:02:07Z

<p>Jnl001: </p> <hr /> <div>{{stub}}<br /> '''Archaeology''' (or '''archeology''') is the branch of American Anthropology that reconstructs, describes, and interprets human behavior and cultural patterns through material remains such as artifacts, ecofacts, and lithics.[1]<br /> <br /> <br /> == Refs ==<br /> [1]Kottak, Conrad. 2005. ''Window on humanity: A Concise Introduction to Anthropology'' New York: McGraw-Hill.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:science]]</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=North_American_Indians&diff=172792 2007-05-22T17:52:28Z

<p>Jnl001: </p> <hr /> <div>North American Indians are the descendents of those groups that migrated from Asia to North America at the end of the last Ice Age. The Native Americans of North America are typically considered to be all those tribes north of Central Mexico. While technically part of North America, most archaeologists tend to place the civilizations of Central Mexico into a seperate category.[2] Tribes in North America maintained a wide variety of [[subsistence pattern]]s, from hunting and gathering, to intensive agriculture. North America is also home to two of the most unusual groups of hunter-gatherers, the Northwest Coast tribes, and the Aleuts. <br /> <br /> <br /> == Culture Areas of North America ==<br /> <br /> American Indians of North America are generally divided into culture areas according to similarities in geography, environment, subsistence patterns, language family, and similar social practices. According to the ''Handbook of North American Indians'', there are ten such culutal areas.<br /> :1. Arcitc- Greenland, extreme northern Canada, and the northern and western coastlines of Alaska.<br /> :2. Subarctic- Most of central Canada and interior Alaska.<br /> :3. Northeast- New England, Nova Scotia, the Great Lakes region, the Chesapeake Bay area, and most of current day W. Virginia, the Ohio River valley, and Illinois.<br /> :4. Southeast- N. Carolina excluding the NE corner, western Virginia, southern W. Virginia, and all the southersn states east of the Mississippi River, in addition to parts of Arkansas, Lousiana, and eastern Texas.<br /> :5. Plains- the entire Midwest United States from Texas north to southern parts of Canada.<br /> :6. Southwest- Central Mexico north into W. Texas, NM, and AZ.<br /> :7. Great Basin- Nevada, Utah, N. Arizona, W. Colorado, W. Wyoming, S. Idaho, SE Oregon, and parts of W. California.<br /> :8. California- Interior and Coastal California and N. Baja.<br /> :9. Northwest Coast- N. California to S. Alaska along 1500 miles of coastline.<br /> :10. Plateau- Parts of Oregon, Washington, N. Idaho, W. Montana, and SW Canada.[1]<br /> <br /> == Refs ==<br /> <br /> [1]Washburn, Wilcomb E. 1998. ''Handbook Of North American Indians, Vol. 4, History of Indian-White Relations.'' Washington: Smithsonian Institute.<br /> :[2]Swidler, Nina, Dongoske, Roger. 1997. ''Native Americans and Archaeologists: Stepping Stones to Common Ground.'' Walnut Creek: AltaMira Press.</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=North_American_Indians&diff=172790 2007-05-22T17:52:08Z

<p>Jnl001: </p> <hr /> <div>North American Indians are the descendents of those groups that migrated from Asia to North America at the end of the last Ice Age. The Native Americans of North America are typically considered to be all those tribes north of Central Mexico. While technically part of North America, most archaeologists tend to place the civilizations of Central Mexico into a seperate category.[2] Tribes in North America maintained a wide variety of [[subsistence patterns]], from hunting and gathering, to intensive agriculture. North America is also home to two of the most unusual groups of hunter-gatherers, the Northwest Coast tribes, and the Aleuts. <br /> <br /> <br /> == Culture Areas of North America ==<br /> <br /> American Indians of North America are generally divided into culture areas according to similarities in geography, environment, subsistence patterns, language family, and similar social practices. According to the ''Handbook of North American Indians'', there are ten such culutal areas.<br /> :1. Arcitc- Greenland, extreme northern Canada, and the northern and western coastlines of Alaska.<br /> :2. Subarctic- Most of central Canada and interior Alaska.<br /> :3. Northeast- New England, Nova Scotia, the Great Lakes region, the Chesapeake Bay area, and most of current day W. Virginia, the Ohio River valley, and Illinois.<br /> :4. Southeast- N. Carolina excluding the NE corner, western Virginia, southern W. Virginia, and all the southersn states east of the Mississippi River, in addition to parts of Arkansas, Lousiana, and eastern Texas.<br /> :5. Plains- the entire Midwest United States from Texas north to southern parts of Canada.<br /> :6. Southwest- Central Mexico north into W. Texas, NM, and AZ.<br /> :7. Great Basin- Nevada, Utah, N. Arizona, W. Colorado, W. Wyoming, S. Idaho, SE Oregon, and parts of W. California.<br /> :8. California- Interior and Coastal California and N. Baja.<br /> :9. Northwest Coast- N. California to S. Alaska along 1500 miles of coastline.<br /> :10. Plateau- Parts of Oregon, Washington, N. Idaho, W. Montana, and SW Canada.[1]<br /> <br /> == Refs ==<br /> <br /> [1]Washburn, Wilcomb E. 1998. ''Handbook Of North American Indians, Vol. 4, History of Indian-White Relations.'' Washington: Smithsonian Institute.<br /> :[2]Swidler, Nina, Dongoske, Roger. 1997. ''Native Americans and Archaeologists: Stepping Stones to Common Ground.'' Walnut Creek: AltaMira Press.</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Subsistence_pattern&diff=172787 2007-05-22T17:46:29Z

<p>Jnl001: </p> <hr /> <div>A subsistence pattern (or strategy) is the method by which a society aquires its food resources. The subsistence patten is influenced by the natural environment and ecology of the region the society lives in. Anthropologists recognize five major subsistence strategies: Foraging, Horticulture, Pastoralism, Agriculture, and Industrialism.[1] Foraging is the act of collecting, fishing, or hunting for food (ex. Aleuts, Austrailian Aborigines, Mbuti) Horticulture is the non-industrial system of plant cultivation in which plots lie fallow for varying lengths of time (ex. Jivaro, Yanommamo). Pastoralists recieve most of their food from herds of domesticated animals (Massai, Bedouin). Agriculture is the growing of food in the same location for an extended period of time, and typically involving some form of irrigation system (ex. Cherokee, Feudal Japan, pre-industrial Europe). Industrialism refers to a society in which most of the population is not directly involved in the food production process (United States, Europe, Japan).<br /> <br /> ==Refs==<br /> [1] Kotak, Conrad. 2005. ''Window on Humanity: A Concise Introduction to Anthropology.'' New York: McGraw-Hill.</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Subsistence_pattern&diff=172770 2007-05-22T17:30:24Z

<p>Jnl001: spelling</p> <hr /> <div>A subsistence pattern (or strategy) is the method by which a society aquires its food resources. The subsistence patten is influenced by the natural environment and ecology of the region the society lives in. Anthropologists recognize five major subsistence strategies, Foraging, Horticulture, pastoralism, agriculture, and industrialization. [1]<br /> <br /> ==Refs==<br /> [1] Kotak, Conrad. 2005. ''Window on Humanity: A Concise Introduction to Anthropology.'' New York: McGraw-Hill.</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Subsistence_pattern&diff=172766 2007-05-22T17:28:47Z

<p>Jnl001: </p> <hr /> <div>A subsistence pattern (or strategy) is the method by which a society aqquires its food resources. The subsistence patten is influenced by the natural environment and ecology of the region the society lives in. Anthropologists recognize five major subsistence strategies, Foraging, Horticulture, pastoralism, agriculture, and industrialization. [1]<br /> <br /> ==Refs==<br /> [1] Kotak, Conrad. 2005. ''Window on Humanity: A Concise Introduction to Anthropology.'' New York: McGraw-Hill.</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Subsistence_pattern&diff=172764 2007-05-22T17:28:20Z

<p>Jnl001: New page: A subsistence pattern (or strategy) is the method by which a society aqquires its food resources. The subsistence patten is influenced by the natural environment and ecology of the region...</p> <hr /> <div>A subsistence pattern (or strategy) is the method by which a society aqquires its food resources. The subsistence patten is influenced by the natural environment and ecology of the region the society lives in. Anthropologists recognize five major subsistence strategies, Foraging, Horticulture, pastoralism, agriculture, and industrialization. [1]<br /> <br /> [[Refs]]<br /> [1] Kotak, Conrad. 2005. ''Window on Humanity: A Concise Introduction to Anthropology.'' New York: McGraw-Hill.</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=North_American_Indians&diff=172746 2007-05-22T17:13:00Z

<p>Jnl001: </p> <hr /> <div>North American Indians are the descendents of those groups that migrated from Asia to North America at the end of the last Ice Age. The Native Americans of North America are typically considered to be all those tribes north of Central Mexico. While technically part of North America, most archaeologists tend to place the civilizations of Central Mexico into a seperate category.[2] Tribes in North America maintained a wide variety of subsistence patterns, from hunting and gathering, to intensive agriculture. North America is also home to two of the most unusual groups of hunter-gatherers, the Northwest Coast tribes, and the Aleuts. <br /> <br /> <br /> == Culture Areas of North America ==<br /> <br /> American Indians of North America are generally divided into culture areas according to similarities in geography, environment, subsistence patterns, language family, and similar social practices. According to the ''Handbook of North American Indians'', there are ten such culutal areas.<br /> :1. Arcitc- Greenland, extreme northern Canada, and the northern and western coastlines of Alaska.<br /> :2. Subarctic- Most of central Canada and interior Alaska.<br /> :3. Northeast- New England, Nova Scotia, the Great Lakes region, the Chesapeake Bay area, and most of current day W. Virginia, the Ohio River valley, and Illinois.<br /> :4. Southeast- N. Carolina excluding the NE corner, western Virginia, southern W. Virginia, and all the southersn states east of the Mississippi River, in addition to parts of Arkansas, Lousiana, and eastern Texas.<br /> :5. Plains- the entire Midwest United States from Texas north to southern parts of Canada.<br /> :6. Southwest- Central Mexico north into W. Texas, NM, and AZ.<br /> :7. Great Basin- Nevada, Utah, N. Arizona, W. Colorado, W. Wyoming, S. Idaho, SE Oregon, and parts of W. California.<br /> :8. California- Interior and Coastal California and N. Baja.<br /> :9. Northwest Coast- N. California to S. Alaska along 1500 miles of coastline.<br /> :10. Plateau- Parts of Oregon, Washington, N. Idaho, W. Montana, and SW Canada.[1]<br /> <br /> == Refs ==<br /> <br /> [1]Washburn, Wilcomb E. 1998. ''Handbook Of North American Indians, Vol. 4, History of Indian-White Relations.'' Washington: Smithsonian Institute.<br /> :[2]Swidler, Nina, Dongoske, Roger. 1997. ''Native Americans and Archaeologists: Stepping Stones to Common Ground.'' Walnut Creek: AltaMira Press.</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=North_American_Indians&diff=172734 2007-05-22T17:06:06Z

<p>Jnl001: /* Refs */</p> <hr /> <div>North American Indians are the descendents of those groups that migrated from Asia to North America at the end of the last Ice Age. The Native Americans of North America are typically considered to be all those tribes north of Central Mexico. While technically part of North America, most archaeologists tend to place the civilizations of Central Mexico into a seperate category.[2] <br /> <br /> <br /> == Culture Areas of North America ==<br /> <br /> American Indians of North America are generally divided into culture areas according to similarities in geography, environment, subsistence patterns, language family, and similar social practices. According to the ''Handbook of North American Indians'', there are ten such culutal areas.<br /> :1. Arcitc- Greenland, extreme northern Canada, and the northern and western coastlines of Alaska.<br /> :2. Subarctic- Most of central Canada and interior Alaska.<br /> :3. Northeast- New England, Nova Scotia, the Great Lakes region, the Chesapeake Bay area, and most of current day W. Virginia, the Ohio River valley, and Illinois.<br /> :4. Southeast- N. Carolina excluding the NE corner, western Virginia, southern W. Virginia, and all the southersn states east of the Mississippi River, in addition to parts of Arkansas, Lousiana, and eastern Texas.<br /> :5. Plains- the entire Midwest United States from Texas north to southern parts of Canada.<br /> :6. Southwest- Central Mexico north into W. Texas, NM, and AZ.<br /> :7. Great Basin- Nevada, Utah, N. Arizona, W. Colorado, W. Wyoming, S. Idaho, SE Oregon, and parts of W. California.<br /> :8. California- Interior and Coastal California and N. Baja.<br /> :9. Northwest Coast- N. California to S. Alaska along 1500 miles of coastline.<br /> :10. Plateau- Parts of Oregon, Washington, N. Idaho, W. Montana, and SW Canada.[1]<br /> <br /> == Refs ==<br /> <br /> [1]Washburn, Wilcomb E. 1998. ''Handbook Of North American Indians, Vol. 4, History of Indian-White Relations.'' Washington: Smithsonian Institute.<br /> :[2]Swidler, Nina, Dongoske, Roger. 1997. ''Native Americans and Archaeologists: Stepping Stones to Common Ground.'' Walnut Creek: AltaMira Press.</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=North_American_Indians&diff=172733 2007-05-22T17:05:57Z

<p>Jnl001: /* Refs */</p> <hr /> <div>North American Indians are the descendents of those groups that migrated from Asia to North America at the end of the last Ice Age. The Native Americans of North America are typically considered to be all those tribes north of Central Mexico. While technically part of North America, most archaeologists tend to place the civilizations of Central Mexico into a seperate category.[2] <br /> <br /> <br /> == Culture Areas of North America ==<br /> <br /> American Indians of North America are generally divided into culture areas according to similarities in geography, environment, subsistence patterns, language family, and similar social practices. According to the ''Handbook of North American Indians'', there are ten such culutal areas.<br /> :1. Arcitc- Greenland, extreme northern Canada, and the northern and western coastlines of Alaska.<br /> :2. Subarctic- Most of central Canada and interior Alaska.<br /> :3. Northeast- New England, Nova Scotia, the Great Lakes region, the Chesapeake Bay area, and most of current day W. Virginia, the Ohio River valley, and Illinois.<br /> :4. Southeast- N. Carolina excluding the NE corner, western Virginia, southern W. Virginia, and all the southersn states east of the Mississippi River, in addition to parts of Arkansas, Lousiana, and eastern Texas.<br /> :5. Plains- the entire Midwest United States from Texas north to southern parts of Canada.<br /> :6. Southwest- Central Mexico north into W. Texas, NM, and AZ.<br /> :7. Great Basin- Nevada, Utah, N. Arizona, W. Colorado, W. Wyoming, S. Idaho, SE Oregon, and parts of W. California.<br /> :8. California- Interior and Coastal California and N. Baja.<br /> :9. Northwest Coast- N. California to S. Alaska along 1500 miles of coastline.<br /> :10. Plateau- Parts of Oregon, Washington, N. Idaho, W. Montana, and SW Canada.[1]<br /> <br /> == Refs ==<br /> <br /> [1]Washburn, Wilcomb E. 1998. ''Handbook Of North American Indians, Vol. 4, History of Indian-White Relations.'' Washington: Smithsonian Institute.<br /> [2]Swidler, Nina, Dongoske, Roger. 1997. ''Native Americans and Archaeologists: Stepping Stones to Common Ground.'' Walnut Creek: AltaMira Press.</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=North_American_Indians&diff=172732 2007-05-22T17:05:44Z

<p>Jnl001: </p> <hr /> <div>North American Indians are the descendents of those groups that migrated from Asia to North America at the end of the last Ice Age. The Native Americans of North America are typically considered to be all those tribes north of Central Mexico. While technically part of North America, most archaeologists tend to place the civilizations of Central Mexico into a seperate category.[2] <br /> <br /> <br /> == Culture Areas of North America ==<br /> <br /> American Indians of North America are generally divided into culture areas according to similarities in geography, environment, subsistence patterns, language family, and similar social practices. According to the ''Handbook of North American Indians'', there are ten such culutal areas.<br /> :1. Arcitc- Greenland, extreme northern Canada, and the northern and western coastlines of Alaska.<br /> :2. Subarctic- Most of central Canada and interior Alaska.<br /> :3. Northeast- New England, Nova Scotia, the Great Lakes region, the Chesapeake Bay area, and most of current day W. Virginia, the Ohio River valley, and Illinois.<br /> :4. Southeast- N. Carolina excluding the NE corner, western Virginia, southern W. Virginia, and all the southersn states east of the Mississippi River, in addition to parts of Arkansas, Lousiana, and eastern Texas.<br /> :5. Plains- the entire Midwest United States from Texas north to southern parts of Canada.<br /> :6. Southwest- Central Mexico north into W. Texas, NM, and AZ.<br /> :7. Great Basin- Nevada, Utah, N. Arizona, W. Colorado, W. Wyoming, S. Idaho, SE Oregon, and parts of W. California.<br /> :8. California- Interior and Coastal California and N. Baja.<br /> :9. Northwest Coast- N. California to S. Alaska along 1500 miles of coastline.<br /> :10. Plateau- Parts of Oregon, Washington, N. Idaho, W. Montana, and SW Canada.[1]<br /> <br /> == Refs ==<br /> <br /> [1]Washburn, Wilcomb E. 1998. ''Handbook Of North American Indians, Vol. 4, History of Indian-White Relations.'' Washington: Smithsonian Institute.<br /> :[2]Swidler, Nina, Dongoske, Roger. 1997. ''Native Americans and Archaeologists: Stepping Stones to Common Ground.'' Walnut Creek: AltaMira Press.</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=North_American_Indians&diff=172729 2007-05-22T17:04:51Z

<p>Jnl001: </p> <hr /> <div>North American Indians are the descendents of those groups that migrated from Asia to North America at the end of the last Ice Age. The Native Americans of North America are typically considered to be all those tribes north of Central Mexico. While technically part of North America, most archaeologists tend to place the civilizations of Central Mexico into a seperate category.[2] <br /> <br /> <br /> == Culture Areas of North America ==<br /> <br /> American Indians of North America are generally divided into culture areas according to similarities in geography, environment, subsistence patterns, language family, and similar social practices. According to the ''Handbook of North American Indians'', there are ten such culutal areas.<br /> :1. Arcitc- Greenland, extreme northern Canada, and the northern and western coastlines of Alaska.<br /> :2. Subarctic- Most of central Canada and interior Alaska.<br /> :3. Northeast- New England, Nova Scotia, the Great Lakes region, the Chesapeake Bay area, and most of current day W. Virginia, the Ohio River valley, and Illinois.<br /> :4. Southeast- N. Carolina excluding the NE corner, western Virginia, southern W. Virginia, and all the southersn states east of the Mississippi River, in addition to parts of Arkansas, Lousiana, and eastern Texas.<br /> :5. Plains- the entire Midwest United States from Texas north to southern parts of Canada.<br /> :6. Southwest- Central Mexico north into W. Texas, NM, and AZ.<br /> :7. Great Basin- Nevada, Utah, N. Arizona, W. Colorado, W. Wyoming, S. Idaho, SE Oregon, and parts of W. California.<br /> :8. California- Interior and Coastal California and N. Baja.<br /> :9. Northwest Coast- N. California to S. Alaska along 1500 miles of coastline.<br /> :10. Plateau- Parts of Oregon, Washington, N. Idaho, W. Montana, and SW Canada.[1]<br /> <br /> == Refs ==<br /> <br /> [1]Washburn, Wilcomb E. 1998. ''Handbook Of North American Indians, Vol. 4, History of Indian-White Relations.'' Washington: Smithsonian Institute.<br /> [2]Swidler, Nina, Dongoske, Roger. 1997. ''Native Americans and Archaeologists: Stepping Stones to Common Ground.'' Walnut Creek: AltaMira Press.</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=North_American_Indians&diff=172722 2007-05-22T16:59:49Z

<p>Jnl001: </p> <hr /> <div>North American Indians are the descendents of those groups that migrated from Asia to North America at the end of the last Ice Age. The Native Americans of North America are typically considered to be all those tribes north of Central Mexico. While technically part of North America, most archaeologists tend to place the civilizations of Central Mexico into a seperate category. <br /> <br /> <br /> == Culture Areas of North America ==<br /> <br /> American Indians of North America are generally divided into culture areas according to similarities in geography, environment, subsistence patterns, language family, and similar social practices. According to the ''Handbook of North American Indians'', there are ten such culutal areas.<br /> :1. Arcitc- Greenland, extreme northern Canada, and the northern and western coastlines of Alaska.<br /> :2. Subarctic- Most of central Canada and interior Alaska.<br /> :3. Northeast- New England, Nova Scotia, the Great Lakes region, the Chesapeake Bay area, and most of current day W. Virginia, the Ohio River valley, and Illinois.<br /> :4. Southeast- N. Carolina excluding the NE corner, western Virginia, southern W. Virginia, and all the southersn states east of the Mississippi River, in addition to parts of Arkansas, Lousiana, and eastern Texas.<br /> :5. Plains- the entire Midwest United States from Texas north to southern parts of Canada.<br /> :6. Southwest- Central Mexico north into W. Texas, NM, and AZ.<br /> :7. Great Basin- Nevada, Utah, N. Arizona, W. Colorado, W. Wyoming, S. Idaho, SE Oregon, and parts of W. California.<br /> :8. California- Interior and Coastal California and N. Baja.<br /> :9. Northwest Coast- N. California to S. Alaska along 1500 miles of coastline.<br /> :10. Plateau- Parts of Oregon, Washington, N. Idaho, W. Montana, and SW Canada.[1]<br /> <br /> == Refs ==<br /> <br /> [1]Washburn, Wilcomb E. 1998. ''Handbook Of North American Indians, Vol. 4, History of Indian-White Relations.'' Washington: Smithsonian Institute.</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=American_Indian&diff=172720 2007-05-22T16:55:47Z

<p>Jnl001: </p> <hr /> <div>American Indians are the descendants of the inhabitants of North and South America before the coming of Europeans in 1492. They in turn are believed to have descended from Asians who crossed the Bering land bridge during the last [[Ice Age]]. Those who are only partly descended from those early inhabitants are still considered American Indians if they maintain tribal affiliation or community attachment.<br /> <br /> Some American Indians prefer to be called Native Americans in order to distinguish themselves from the people of India, and to imply that they were the original inhabitants of North America. However, the oldest American skeleton is the 9300 year old [[Kennewick Man]] that is physically dissimilar to modern American Indians, so the American Indian people may not have been the first people here. Furthermore, the term Native American literally means anyone who was born in American as an American, so it can also be used by any American who wants to distinguish himself from an American immigrant.<br /> <br /> See Also<br /> [[North American Indians]]</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=American_Indian&diff=172719 2007-05-22T16:55:21Z

<p>Jnl001: </p> <hr /> <div>American Indians are the descendants of the inhabitants of North and South America before the coming of Europeans in 1492. They in turn are believed to have descended from Asians who crossed the Bering land bridge during the last [[Ice Age]]. Those who are only partly descended from those early inhabitants are still considered American Indians if they maintain tribal affiliation or community attachment.<br /> <br /> Some American Indians prefer to be called Native Americans in order to distinguish themselves from the people of India, and to imply that they were the original inhabitants of North America. However, the oldest American skeleton is the 9300 year old [[Kennewick Man]] that is physically dissimilar to modern American Indians, so the American Indian people may not have been the first people here. Furthermore, the term Native American literally means anyone who was born in American as an American, so it can also be used by any American who wants to distinguish himself from an American immigrant.<br /> <br /> [[North American Indians]]</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=American_Indian&diff=172717 2007-05-22T16:54:32Z

<p>Jnl001: </p> <hr /> <div>American Indians are the descendants of the inhabitants of North and South America before the coming of Europeans in 1492. They in turn are believed to have descended from Asians who crossed the Bering land bridge during the last [[Ice Age]]. Those who are only partly descended from those early inhabitants are still considered American Indians if they maintain tribal affiliation or community attachment.<br /> <br /> Some American Indians prefer to be called Native Americans in order to distinguish themselves from the people of India, and to imply that they were the original inhabitants of North America. However, the oldest American skeleton is the 9300 year old [[Kennewick Man]] that is physically dissimilar to modern American Indians, so the American Indian people may not have been the first people here. Furthermore, the term Native American literally means anyone who was born in American as an American, so it can also be used by any American who wants to distinguish himself from an American immigrant.</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=North_American_Indians&diff=172713 2007-05-22T16:51:48Z

<p>Jnl001: New page: == Culture Areas of North America == American Indians of North America are generally divided into culture areas according to similarities in geography, environment, subsistence patterns, ...</p> <hr /> <div>== Culture Areas of North America ==<br /> <br /> American Indians of North America are generally divided into culture areas according to similarities in geography, environment, subsistence patterns, language family, and similar social practices. According to the ''Handbook of North American Indians'', there are ten such culutal areas.<br /> :1. Arcitc- Greenland, extreme northern Canada, and the northern and western coastlines of Alaska.<br /> :2. Subarctic- Most of central Canada and interior Alaska.<br /> :3. Northeast- New England, Nova Scotia, the Great Lakes region, the Chesapeake Bay area, and most of current day W. Virginia, the Ohio River valley, and Illinois.<br /> :4. Southeast- N. Carolina excluding the NE corner, western Virginia, southern W. Virginia, and all the southersn states east of the Mississippi River, in addition to parts of Arkansas, Lousiana, and eastern Texas.<br /> :5. Plains- the entire Midwest United States from Texas north to southern parts of Canada.<br /> :6. Southwest- Central Mexico north into W. Texas, NM, and AZ.<br /> :7. Great Basin- Nevada, Utah, N. Arizona, W. Colorado, W. Wyoming, S. Idaho, SE Oregon, and parts of W. California.<br /> :8. California- Interior and Coastal California and N. Baja.<br /> :9. Northwest Coast- N. California to S. Alaska along 1500 miles of coastline.<br /> :10. Plateau- Parts of Oregon, Washington, N. Idaho, W. Montana, and SW Canada.[1]<br /> <br /> == Refs ==<br /> <br /> [1]Washburn, Wilcomb E. 1998. ''Handbook Of North American Indians, Vol. 4, History of Indian-White Relations.'' Washington: Smithsonian Institute.</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:American_Indian&diff=172710 2007-05-22T16:46:33Z

<p>Jnl001: New page: Could this article possibly be broken down into more pieces? American Indian in a broad sense refers to all the indigenous peoples of North and South America, which is alot of ground to c...</p> <hr /> <div>Could this article possibly be broken down into more pieces? American Indian in a broad sense refers to all the indigenous peoples of North and South America, which is alot of ground to cover. Can we do an article on just North American Indians, and then maybe one on South Americans?[[User:Jnl001|Jnl001]] 12:46, 22 May 2007 (EDT)</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=American_Indian&diff=172702 2007-05-22T16:39:19Z

<p>Jnl001: </p> <hr /> <div>American Indians are the descendants of the inhabitants of North and South America before the coming of Europeans in 1492. They in turn are believed to have descended from Asians who crossed the Bering land bridge during the last [[Ice Age]]. Those who are only partly descended from those early inhabitants are still considered American Indians if they maintain tribal affiliation or community attachment.<br /> <br /> Some American Indians prefer to be called Native Americans in order to distinguish themselves from the people of India, and to imply that they were the original inhabitants of North America. However, the oldest American skeleton is the 9300 year old [[Kennewick Man]] that is physically dissimilar to modern American Indians, so the American Indian people may not have been the first people here. Furthermore, the term Native American literally means anyone who was born in American as an American, so it can also be used by any American who wants to distinguish himself from an American immigrant.<br /> <br /> == Culture Areas of North America ==<br /> <br /> American Indians of North America are generally divided into culture areas according to similarities in geography, environment, subsistence patterns, language family, and similar social practices. According to the ''Handbook of North American Indians'', there are ten such culutal areas.<br /> :1. Arcitc- Greenland, extreme northern Canada, and the northern and western coastlines of Alaska.<br /> :2. Subarctic- Most of central Canada and interior Alaska.<br /> :3. Northeast- New England, Nova Scotia, the Great Lakes region, the Chesapeake Bay area, and most of current day W. Virginia, the Ohio River valley, and Illinois.<br /> :4. Southeast- N. Carolina excluding the NE corner, western Virginia, southern W. Virginia, and all the southersn states east of the Mississippi River, in addition to parts of Arkansas, Lousiana, and eastern Texas.<br /> :5. Plains- the entire Midwest United States from Texas north to southern parts of Canada.<br /> :6. Southwest- Central Mexico north into W. Texas, NM, and AZ.<br /> :7. Great Basin- Nevada, Utah, N. Arizona, W. Colorado, W. Wyoming, S. Idaho, SE Oregon, and parts of W. California.<br /> :8. California- Interior and Coastal California and N. Baja.<br /> :9. Northwest Coast- N. California to S. Alaska along 1500 miles of coastline.<br /> :10. Plateau- Parts of Oregon, Washington, N. Idaho, W. Montana, and SW Canada.[1]<br /> <br /> == Refs ==<br /> <br /> [1]Washburn, Wilcomb E. 1998. ''Handbook Of North American Indians, Vol. 4, History of Indian-White Relations.'' Washington: Smithsonian Institute.</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=American_Indian&diff=172700 2007-05-22T16:37:55Z

<p>Jnl001: </p> <hr /> <div>American Indians are the descendants of the inhabitants of North and South America before the coming of Europeans in 1492. They in turn are believed to have descended from Asians who crossed the Bering land bridge during the last [[Ice Age]]. Those who are only partly descended from those early inhabitants are still considered American Indians if they maintain tribal affiliation or community attachment.<br /> <br /> Some American Indians prefer to be called Native Americans in order to distinguish themselves from the people of India, and to imply that they were the original inhabitants of North America. However, the oldest American skeleton is the 9300 year old [[Kennewick Man]] that is physically dissimilar to modern American Indians, so the American Indian people may not have been the first people here. Furthermore, the term Native American literally means anyone who was born in American as an American, so it can also be used by any American who wants to distinguish himself from an American immigrant.<br /> <br /> == Culture Areas of North America ==<br /> <br /> American Indians of North America are generally divided into culture areas according to similarities in geography, environment, subsistence patterns, language family, and similar social practices. According to the ''Handbook of North American Indians'', there are ten such culutal areas.<br /> :1. Arcitc- Greenland, extreme northern Canada, and the northern and western coastlines of Alaska.<br /> :2. Subarctic- Most of central Canada and interior Alaska.<br /> :3. Northeast- New England, Nova Scotia, the Great Lakes region, the Chesapeake Bay area, and most of current day W. Virginia, the Ohio River valley, and Illinois.<br /> :4. Southeast- N. Carolina excluding the NE corner, western Virginia, southern W. Virginia, and all the southersn states east of the Mississippi River, in addition to parts of Arkansas, Lousiana, and eastern Texas.<br /> :5. Plains- the entire Midwest United States from Texas north to southern parts of Canada.<br /> :6. Southwest- Central Mexico north into W. Texas, NM, and AZ.<br /> :7. Great Basin- Nevada, Utah, N. Arizona, W. Colorado, W. Wyoming, S. Idaho, SE Oregon, and parts of W. California.<br /> :8. California- Interior and Coastal California and N. Baja.<br /> :9. Northwest Coast- N. California to S. Alaska along 1500 miles of coastline.<br /> :10. Plateau- Parts of Oregon, Washington, N. Idaho, W. Montana, and SW Canada.<br /> <br /> == Refs ==<br /> <br /> Washburn, Wilcomb E. 1998. ''Handbook Of North American Indians, Vol. 4, History of Indian-White Relations.'' Washington: Smithsonian Institute.</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=American_Indian&diff=172697 2007-05-22T16:36:26Z

<p>Jnl001: </p> <hr /> <div>American Indians are the descendants of the inhabitants of North and South America before the coming of Europeans in 1492. They in turn are believed to have descended from Asians who crossed the Bering land bridge during the last [[Ice Age]]. Those who are only partly descended from those early inhabitants are still considered American Indians if they maintain tribal affiliation or community attachment.<br /> <br /> Some American Indians prefer to be called Native Americans in order to distinguish themselves from the people of India, and to imply that they were the original inhabitants of North America. However, the oldest American skeleton is the 9300 year old [[Kennewick Man]] that is physically dissimilar to modern American Indians, so the American Indian people may not have been the first people here. Furthermore, the term Native American literally means anyone who was born in American as an American, so it can also be used by any American who wants to distinguish himself from an American immigrant.<br /> <br /> American Indians of North America are generally divided into culture areas according to similarities in geography, environment, subsistence patterns, language family, and similar social practices. According to the ''Handbook of North American Indians'', there are ten such culutal areas.<br /> :1. Arcitc- Greenland, extreme northern Canada, and the northern and western coastlines of Alaska.<br /> :2. Subarctic- Most of central Canada and interior Alaska.<br /> :3. Northeast- New England, Nova Scotia, the Great Lakes region, the Chesapeake Bay area, and most of current day W. Virginia, the Ohio River valley, and Illinois.<br /> :4. Southeast- N. Carolina excluding the NE corner, western Virginia, southern W. Virginia, and all the southersn states east of the Mississippi River, in addition to parts of Arkansas, Lousiana, and eastern Texas.<br /> :5. Plains- the entire Midwest United States from Texas north to southern parts of Canada.<br /> :6. Southwest- Central Mexico north into W. Texas, NM, and AZ.<br /> :7. Great Basin- Nevada, Utah, N. Arizona, W. Colorado, W. Wyoming, S. Idaho, SE Oregon, and parts of W. California.<br /> :8. California- Interior and Coastal California and N. Baja.<br /> :9. Northwest Coast- N. California to S. Alaska along 1500 miles of coastline.<br /> :10. Plateau- Parts of Oregon, Washington, N. Idaho, W. Montana, and SW Canada.<br /> <br /> == Refs ==<br /> <br /> Washburn, Wilcomb E. 1998. ''Handbook Of North American Indians, Vol. 4, History of Indian-White Relations.'' Washington: Smithsonian Institute.</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=American_Indian&diff=172695 2007-05-22T16:35:48Z

<p>Jnl001: </p> <hr /> <div>American Indians are the descendants of the inhabitants of North and South America before the coming of Europeans in 1492. They in turn are believed to have descended from Asians who crossed the Bering land bridge during the last [[Ice Age]]. Those who are only partly descended from those early inhabitants are still considered American Indians if they maintain tribal affiliation or community attachment.<br /> <br /> Some American Indians prefer to be called Native Americans in order to distinguish themselves from the people of India, and to imply that they were the original inhabitants of North America. However, the oldest American skeleton is the 9300 year old [[Kennewick Man]] that is physically dissimilar to modern American Indians, so the American Indian people may not have been the first people here. Furthermore, the term Native American literally means anyone who was born in American as an American, so it can also be used by any American who wants to distinguish himself from an American immigrant.<br /> <br /> American Indians of North America are generally divided into culture areas according to similarities in geography, environment, subsistence patterns, language family, and similar social practices. According to the ''Handbook of North American Indians'', there are ten such culutal areas.<br /> :1. Arcitc- Greenland, extreme northern Canada, and the northern and western coastlines of Alaska.<br /> :2. Subarctic- Most of central Canada and interior Alaska.<br /> :3. Northeast- New England, Nova Scotia, the Great Lakes region, the Chesapeake Bay area, and most of current day W. Virginia, the Ohio River valley, and Illinois.<br /> :4. Southeast- N. Carolina excluding the NE corner, western Virginia, southern W. Virginia, and all the southersn states east of the Mississippi River, in addition to parts of Arkansas, Lousiana, and eastern Texas.<br /> :5. Plains- the entire Midwest United States from Texas north to southern parts of Canada.<br /> :6. Southwest- Central Mexico north into W. Texas, NM, and AZ.<br /> :7. Great Basin- Nevada, Utah, N. Arizona, W. Colorado, W. Wyoming, S. Idaho, SE Oregon, and parts of W. California.<br /> :8. California- Interior and Coastal California and N. Baja.<br /> :9. Northwest Coast- N. California to S. Alaska along 1500 miles of coastline.<br /> :10. Plateau- Parts of Oregon, Washington, N. Idaho, W. Montana, and SW Canada.<br /> <br /> == Refs ==<br /> <br /> &lt;ref&gt;Washburn, Wilcomb E. 1998. ''Handbook Of North American Indians, Vol. 4, History of Indian-White Relations.'' Washington: Smithsonian Institute.&lt;/ref&gt;</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=American_Indian&diff=172694 2007-05-22T16:35:13Z

<p>Jnl001: </p> <hr /> <div>American Indians are the descendants of the inhabitants of North and South America before the coming of Europeans in 1492. They in turn are believed to have descended from Asians who crossed the Bering land bridge during the last [[Ice Age]]. Those who are only partly descended from those early inhabitants are still considered American Indians if they maintain tribal affiliation or community attachment.<br /> <br /> Some American Indians prefer to be called Native Americans in order to distinguish themselves from the people of India, and to imply that they were the original inhabitants of North America. However, the oldest American skeleton is the 9300 year old [[Kennewick Man]] that is physically dissimilar to modern American Indians, so the American Indian people may not have been the first people here. Furthermore, the term Native American literally means anyone who was born in American as an American, so it can also be used by any American who wants to distinguish himself from an American immigrant.<br /> <br /> American Indians of North America are generally divided into culture areas according to similarities in geography, environment, subsistence patterns, language family, and similar social practices. According to the ''Handbook of North American Indians'', there are ten such culutal areas.<br /> :1. Arcitc- Greenland, extreme northern Canada, and the northern and western coastlines of Alaska.<br /> :2. Subarctic- Most of central Canada and interior Alaska.<br /> :3. Northeast- New England, Nova Scotia, the Great Lakes region, the Chesapeake Bay area, and most of current day W. Virginia, the Ohio River valley, and Illinois.<br /> :4. Southeast- N. Carolina excluding the NE corner, western Virginia, southern W. Virginia, and all the southersn states east of the Mississippi River, in addition to parts of Arkansas, Lousiana, and eastern Texas.<br /> :5. Plains- the entire Midwest United States from Texas north to southern parts of Canada.<br /> :6. Southwest- Central Mexico north into W. Texas, NM, and AZ.<br /> :7. Great Basin- Nevada, Utah, N. Arizona, W. Colorado, W. Wyoming, S. Idaho, SE Oregon, and parts of W. California.<br /> :8. California- Interior and Coastal California and N. Baja.<br /> :9. Northwest Coast- N. California to S. Alaska along 1500 miles of coastline.<br /> :10. Plateau- Parts of Oregon, Washington, N. Idaho, W. Montana, and SW Canada.<br /> <br /> == Refs ==<br /> <br /> &lt;ref&gt;Washburn, Wilcomb E. 1998. ''Handbook Of North American Indians, Vol. 4, History of Indian-White Relations.'' Washington: Smithsonian Institute.</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=American_Indian&diff=172693 2007-05-22T16:34:26Z

<p>Jnl001: </p> <hr /> <div>American Indians are the descendants of the inhabitants of North and South America before the coming of Europeans in 1492. They in turn are believed to have descended from Asians who crossed the Bering land bridge during the last [[Ice Age]]. Those who are only partly descended from those early inhabitants are still considered American Indians if they maintain tribal affiliation or community attachment.<br /> <br /> Some American Indians prefer to be called Native Americans in order to distinguish themselves from the people of India, and to imply that they were the original inhabitants of North America. However, the oldest American skeleton is the 9300 year old [[Kennewick Man]] that is physically dissimilar to modern American Indians, so the American Indian people may not have been the first people here. Furthermore, the term Native American literally means anyone who was born in American as an American, so it can also be used by any American who wants to distinguish himself from an American immigrant.<br /> <br /> American Indians of North America are generally divided into culture areas according to similarities in geography, environment, subsistence patterns, language family, and similar social practices. According to the ''Handbook of North American Indians'', there are ten such culutal areas.<br /> :1. Arcitc- Greenland, extreme northern Canada, and the northern and western coastlines of Alaska.<br /> :2. Subarctic- Most of central Canada and interior Alaska.<br /> :3. Northeast- New England, Nova Scotia, the Great Lakes region, the Chesapeake Bay area, and most of current day W. Virginia, the Ohio River valley, and Illinois.<br /> :4. Southeast- N. Carolina excluding the NE corner, western Virginia, southern W. Virginia, and all the southersn states east of the Mississippi River, in addition to parts of Arkansas, Lousiana, and eastern Texas.<br /> :5. Plains- the entire Midwest United States from Texas north to southern parts of Canada.<br /> :6. Southwest- Central Mexico north into W. Texas, NM, and AZ.<br /> :7. Great Basin- Nevada, Utah, N. Arizona, W. Colorado, W. Wyoming, S. Idaho, SE Oregon, and parts of W. California.<br /> :8. California- Interior and Coastal California and N. Baja.<br /> :9. Northwest Coast- N. California to S. Alaska along 1500 miles of coastline.<br /> :10. Plateau- Parts of Oregon, Washington, N. Idaho, W. Montana, and SW Canada.<br /> &lt;ref&gt;Washburn, Wilcomb E. 1998. ''Handbook Of North American Indians, Vol. 4, History of Indian-White Relations.'' Washington: Smithsonian Institute.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Refs ==</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=American_Indian&diff=172683 2007-05-22T16:26:38Z

<p>Jnl001: </p> <hr /> <div>American Indians are the descendants of the inhabitants of North and South America before the coming of Europeans in 1492. They in turn are believed to have descended from Asians who crossed the Bering land bridge during the last [[Ice Age]]. Those who are only partly descended from those early inhabitants are still considered American Indians if they maintain tribal affiliation or community attachment.<br /> <br /> Some American Indians prefer to be called Native Americans in order to distinguish themselves from the people of India, and to imply that they were the original inhabitants of North America. However, the oldest American skeleton is the 9300 year old [[Kennewick Man]] that is physically dissimilar to modern American Indians, so the American Indian people may not have been the first people here. Furthermore, the term Native American literally means anyone who was born in American as an American, so it can also be used by any American who wants to distinguish himself from an American immigrant.<br /> <br /> American Indians of North America are generally divided into culture areas according to similarities in geography, environment, subsistence patterns, language family, and similar social practices. According to the ''Handbook of North American Indians'', there are ten such culutal areas.<br /> :1. Arcitc- Greenland, extreme northern Canada, and the northern and western coastlines of Alaska.<br /> :2. Subarctic- Most of central Canada and interior Alaska.<br /> :3. Northeast- New England, Nova Scotia, the Great Lakes region, the Chesapeake Bay area, and most of current day W. Virginia, the Ohio River valley, and Illinois.<br /> :4. Southeast- N. Carolina excluding the NE corner, western Virginia, southern W. Virginia, and all the southersn states east of the Mississippi River, in addition to parts of Arkansas, Lousiana, and eastern Texas.<br /> :5. Plains- the entire Midwest United States from Texas north to southern parts of Canada.<br /> :6. Southwest- Central Mexico north into W. Texas, NM, and AZ.<br /> :7. Great Basin- Nevada, Utah, N. Arizona, W. Colorado, W. Wyoming, S. Idaho, SE Oregon, and parts of W. California.<br /> :8. California- Interior and Coastal California and N. Baja.<br /> :9. Northwest Coast- N. California to S. Alaska along 1500 miles of coastline.<br /> :10. Plateau- Parts of Oregon, Washington, N. Idaho, W. Montana, and SW Canada.</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=American_Indian&diff=172664 2007-05-22T16:14:45Z

<p>Jnl001: </p> <hr /> <div>American Indians are the descendants of the inhabitants of North and South America before the coming of Europeans in 1492. They in turn are believed to have descended from Asians who crossed the Bering land bridge during the last [[Ice Age]]. Those who are only partly descended from those early inhabitants are still considered American Indians if they maintain tribal affiliation or community attachment.<br /> <br /> Some American Indians prefer to be called Native Americans in order to distinguish themselves from the people of India, and to imply that they were the original inhabitants of North America. However, the oldest American skeleton is the 9300 year old [[Kennewick Man]] that is physically dissimilar to modern American Indians, so the American Indian people may not have been the first people here. Furthermore, the term Native American literally means anyone who was born in American as an American, so it can also be used by any American who wants to distinguish himself from an American immigrant.<br /> <br /> American Indians of North America are generally divided into culture areas according to similarities in geography, environment, subsistence patterns, language family, and similar social practices. According to the ''Handbook of North American Indians'', there are ten such culutal areas.<br /> :1. Arcitc- Greenland, extreme northern Canada, and the northern and western coastlines of Alaska.<br /> :2. Subarctic- Most of central Canada and interior Alaska.<br /> :3. Northeast- New England, Nova Scotia, the Great Lakes region, the Chesapeake Bay area, and most of current day W. Virginia, the Ohio River valley, and Illinois.</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=American_Indian&diff=172659 2007-05-22T16:09:30Z

<p>Jnl001: </p> <hr /> <div>American Indians are the descendants of the inhabitants of North and South America before the coming of Europeans in 1492. They in turn are believed to have descended from Asians who crossed the Bering land bridge during the last [[Ice Age]]. Those who are only partly descended from those early inhabitants are still considered American Indians if they maintain tribal affiliation or community attachment.<br /> <br /> Some American Indians prefer to be called Native Americans in order to distinguish themselves from the people of India, and to imply that they were the original inhabitants of North America. However, the oldest American skeleton is the 9300 year old [[Kennewick Man]] that is physically dissimilar to modern American Indians, so the American Indian people may not have been the first people here. Furthermore, the term Native American literally means anyone who was born in American as an American, so it can also be used by any American who wants to distinguish himself from an American immigrant.<br /> <br /> American Indians of North America are generally divided into culture areas according to similarities in geography, environment, subsistence patterns, language family, and similar social practices. According to the ''Handbook of North American Indians'', there are ten such culutal areas.<br /> :1. Arcitc- Greenland, extreme northern Canada, and the northern and western coastlines of Alaska.<br /> :2.</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=American_Indian&diff=172658 2007-05-22T16:09:10Z

<p>Jnl001: </p> <hr /> <div>American Indians are the descendants of the inhabitants of North and South America before the coming of Europeans in 1492. They in turn are believed to have descended from Asians who crossed the Bering land bridge during the last [[Ice Age]]. Those who are only partly descended from those early inhabitants are still considered American Indians if they maintain tribal affiliation or community attachment.<br /> <br /> Some American Indians prefer to be called Native Americans in order to distinguish themselves from the people of India, and to imply that they were the original inhabitants of North America. However, the oldest American skeleton is the 9300 year old [[Kennewick Man]] that is physically dissimilar to modern American Indians, so the American Indian people may not have been the first people here. Furthermore, the term Native American literally means anyone who was born in American as an American, so it can also be used by any American who wants to distinguish himself from an American immigrant.<br /> <br /> American Indians of North America are generally divided into culture areas according to similarities in geography, environment, subsistence patterns, language family, and similar social practices. According to the ''Handbook of North American Indians'', there are ten such culutal areas.<br /> 1. Arcitc- Greenland, extreme northern Canada, and the northern and western coastlines of Alaska.<br /> 2.</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=American_Indian&diff=172654 2007-05-22T16:06:27Z

<p>Jnl001: </p> <hr /> <div>American Indians are the descendants of the inhabitants of North and South America before the coming of Europeans in 1492. They in turn are believed to have descended from Asians who crossed the Bering land bridge during the last [[Ice Age]]. Those who are only partly descended from those early inhabitants are still considered American Indians if they maintain tribal affiliation or community attachment.<br /> <br /> Some American Indians prefer to be called Native Americans in order to distinguish themselves from the people of India, and to imply that they were the original inhabitants of North America. However, the oldest American skeleton is the 9300 year old [[Kennewick Man]] that is physically dissimilar to modern American Indians, so the American Indian people may not have been the first people here. Furthermore, the term Native American literally means anyone who was born in American as an American, so it can also be used by any American who wants to distinguish himself from an American immigrant.<br /> <br /> American Indians of North America are generally divided into culture areas according to similarities in geography, environment, subsistence patterns, language family, and similar social practices.</div>

Jnl001 https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:Pope&diff=172653 2007-05-22T16:04:18Z

<p>Jnl001: </p> <hr /> <div>Impeccable? Do you mean infallible? [[User:Kolbe|Kolbe]] 04:34, 15 March 2007 (EDT)<br /> <br /> Please include a reference or link for Dictatus Papae. Thanks! [[user:Maryanntherese|Maryanntherese]] 07:49, 15 March 2007 (EDT)<br /> <br /> :This article is a disgrace! It should go into the nature and history of the papacy before presuming to pass judgement on it. And it should bear in mind that far more Christians world-wide are Roman Catholic than are Protestant fundamentalists! Any volunteers? --[[User:Petrus|Petrus]] 06:29, 16 March 2007 (EDT)<br /> <br /> At the risk of mentioning the unmentionable, Wikipedia has an excellent page on Papal Infallibility [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_infallibility]. Conservapedia could do much worse than import it wholesale! [[User:Stallthedigger|stallthedigger]] 11:03, 23 March 2007 (EDT)<br /> <br /> :While technically, we could indeed do ''worse'', breach of copyright is bad enough. [[User:Tsumetai|Tsumetai]] 11:05, 23 March 2007 (EDT)<br /> ::I was under the impression that Wikipedia was open source, hence no copywrite issue? <br /> <br /> Too much negative critics. <br /> <br /> --[[User:Joaquín Martínez|Joaquín Martínez]] 10:53, 3 May 2007 (EDT)<br /> <br /> There's absolutely nothing wrong with anyone here writing their own version of papal infallibility, or any other article in this website. [[User:Karajou|Karajou]] 07:27, 12 May 2007 (EDT)<br /> <br /> :This is truth, but articles should be neutral. Not a collection of negative arguments. For that last thing there is a talk page.<br /> <br /> :--[[User:Joaquín Martínez]], [[User talk:Joaquín Martínez|talk]] 07:46, 12 May 2007 (EDT)<br /> <br /> : Ok i am gonna fix this thing up.--[[User:Will N.|Will N.]] 12:01, 22 May 2007 (EDT)<br /> <br /> :I'm Catholic, but I have to say that the new Pope doesn't photograph very well. He always comes off reminding me of the Emperor from Star Wars.[[User:Jnl001|Jnl001]] 12:04, 22 May 2007 (EDT)</div>

Jnl001