Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Talk:Michigan

2007-06-01T13:45:03Z

JoeP: question...

==Notable People==

Do we proud Michiganians ''really'' have to include Michael Moore as one of our own? It's not Michigan's fault that he was born here...--[[User:JoeP|JoeP]] 09:45, 1 June 2007 (EDT)

Michigan

2007-06-01T13:42:12Z

JoeP: beginning to expand...

[[Image:Michigan_State_Flag.gif|thumb|right|The state flag of Michigan.]]

'''Michigan''' is the twenty-sixth state to enter into the union. It is known for its interesting geographical location, bordering four of the five [[Great Lakes]] (it does not border Lake Ontario). It is also comprised of two parts, the Upper Peninsula (known as the U.P.) and the Lower Peninsula (which is by far the larger of the two). The two are separated by water. Its capital is [[Lansing]], and its largest city is [[Detroit]].

==Notable people from Michigan==

*Inventor [[Thomas Edison]] lived in Port Huron.
*President [[Gerald Ford]] grew up in Michigan and represented the state in the [[House of Representatives]] before replacing [[Spiro Agnew]] as Vice President.
*Automaker [[Henry Ford]] was born in what is now Dearborn.
*Aviator [[Charles Lindbergh]] was born in Detroit.
*Pro-life activist and Domino's Pizza Founder [[Tom Monaghan]] was born in Ann Arbor.
*Liberal filmmaker [[Michael Moore]] was born in Flint.
*Civil rights pioneer [[Rosa Parks]] lived in Detroit for some of her life.
*Bob Seger
*Bruce Catton
*Ted Nugent
*Tom Selleck
*Danny Thomas
*General George Custer

==Sports==

Michigan is home to the [[NBA]]'s Detroit Pistons, the [[NFL]]'s Detroit Lions, the NHL's Detroit Red Wings, and Major League Baseball's Detroit Tigers.

[[Category:US state]]

Detroit

2007-05-31T20:55:23Z

JoeP: links

Detroit is the largest city in the state of [[Michigan]], and the 11th most populous city in the United States. Founded by French explorer Antoine Cadillac on July 24, 1701 as Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit, the city reached a peak population of about 1.85 million in 1950, but has now declined to less than half that.

The first permanent structure built in Detroit was a Catholic church.

In 1979, former Iraq dictator [[Saddam Hussein]] received a key to the city.

Detroit is known for being the center of the American auto industry, as well as the home of many long-suffering football fans.

Detroit

2007-05-31T20:54:33Z

JoeP: a start...

Detroit is the largest city in the state of Michigan, and the 11th most populous city in the United States. Founded by French explorer Antoine Cadillac on July 24, 1701 as Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit, the city reached a peak population of about 1.85 million in 1950, but has now declined to less than half that.

The first permanent structure built in Detroit was a Catholic church.

In 1979, former Iraq dictator Saddam Hussein received a key to the city.

Detroit is known for being the center of the American auto industry, as well as the home of many long-suffering football fans.

Leftist

2007-05-31T18:54:10Z

JoeP: grammar...

{{merge|political spectrum}}
The term '''Leftist''' refers to someone on the 'left' side of the [[political spectrum]] who generally supports varying degrees of social, political, or economic change designed to promote the public welfare, variously in the guises of social democracy, liberalism, or the several strains of socialism and communism. It may also be applied to those who oppose conservative politics.

The word 'liberal' is often used in the US to mean 'leftist'. But this is inconsistent with the original meaning of the word [[liberal]].

During the [[Reign of Terror]] of the early [[Enlightenment]], the left attempted a dechristianization movement to replace the "reactionary" worship of God and replace it with the worship of national patriotism, or the ''Patrie''. Many churches were closed and converted into Temples of Reason. <ref>John Hall Stewart, ''A Documentary Survey of the French Revolution'' (Macmillan, New York, 1963). </ref>

Michael Bakunin critiqued prominent leftist theoritician [[Karl Marx]] in 1873 with these words,

:"..if the [[proletariat]] is to be the ruling class, over whom is it to rule? ...the peasant "rabble" who, as it is known, does not enjoy the sympathy of the Marxists who consider it to represent a [[Racism|lower level of culture]], will probably be ruled by the factory proletariat of the cities. Or, if this problem is to be approached [[Nationalism|nationalist]]ically, the [[Slavs]] will be placed in the same subordinate relationship to the victorious German proletariat in which the latter now stands to the German bourgeoisie." <ref>Michael Bakunin, ''Statism and Anarchy'', (1873), in Sam Dolgoff, ''Bakunin'' On Anarchy, (Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1972), p. 330.</ref>

==Modern leftists==

Modern leftists in the United States have come under increasing criticism as advocates of thought control. <ref>[http://www.humanevents.com//article.php?id=20562 Leftist Thought Control], David Limbaugh, ''Human Events'', 05/04/2007. </ref> Author David Limbaugh cites, "Consider the subjects of [[evolution]], [[global warming]], [[gay agenda|special rights for homosexuals]] and [[abstinence]] education. Consider efforts of the left to silence conservative talk radio. Consider the mainstream media's arrogant denial of its transparent [[liberal bias]], pronouncing itself to be above politics and inherently objective and its critics somehow skewed....Consider the leftist refrain that [[red state]] conservatives do not merely possess a different world view, but are not part of the "reality-based community."

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
* [http://www.marx2mao.com/Lenin/LWC20.html V. I. Lenin, ''"Left-Wing" Communism, An Infantile Disorder''] (1920) V. I. Lenin, Selected Works, English edition, Foreign Languages Publishing House, Moscow, 1952, Vol. II, Part 2.

[[category:politics]]

Asbestos

2007-05-31T15:50:58Z

JoeP: linkage

'''Asbestos''' is a group of minerals which are hydrous magnesium silicates. The fire resistance of asbestos has caused it to be used for a variety of purposes. Inhalation of asbestos fibers can cause serious illnesses, including [[cancer]].

Asa Griggs Candler

2007-05-31T15:49:54Z

JoeP: added links & etc

Asa Griggs Candler (December 30, 1851-March 12, 1929) was an American capitalist and the first head of the [[Coca-Cola]] Company. He bought the rights to the soft drink Coca-Cola from its inventor, an American doctor named John Pemberton. In addition, he was the mayor of [[Atlanta]] from 1916 to 1919.

Aral Sea

2007-05-31T15:47:28Z

JoeP: added links

The '''Aral Sea''' is a landlocked sea located between [[Kazakhstan]] and [[Uzbekistan]]. It has been shrinking at a significant rate over the last couple of decades due to extensive irrigation from the Soviet Era, and also contains large amounts of pollution from weapons testing. Most of the area that made up the sea forty years ago is now desert. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/678898.stm]

Akira Kurosawa

2007-05-31T15:45:02Z

JoeP: one less dead ender

[[Image:Akira Kurosawa.jpg|right|thumb|On the set of '''Ran''' in 1985]]
'''Akira Kurosawa''' Akira Kurosawa (Kyūjitai: 黒澤明, Shinjitai: 黒沢明, Kurosawa Akira, 23 March 1910—6 September 1998) was a prominent [[Japanese]] film director, film producer, and screenwriter. His first credited film (Sugata Sanshiro) was released in 1943; his last (Madadayo) in 1993.

==Personal Life==

==Films==

==Achievements==

Absolute reality

2007-05-31T15:42:41Z

JoeP: one less dead end page (+typo)

''Absolute Reality'' exists indepedant of our existence and perceptions. ''Absolute Reality'' is demonstrated in [[fact]]s (see Romans 1:20), i.e., concepts, statements, things, scientific laws, or events that can be unequivocally (indisputably) proven to be true. Facts are always based on concrete verified evidence which substantiate their [[truth]]. ''Absolute Reality'' is mind-independent, i.e. it would continue to be the case whether or not anyone believed it, or indeed whether or not there were any minds to believe it in the first place.

"That which, when you stop believing in it, doesn't go away." -- Philip K. Dick

In its supremacy, ''Absolute Reality'' exists independently of all else and all else flows out of and is sustained by its existence (Acts 17:28).

Christian Science

2007-05-31T03:12:06Z

JoeP: typo...

'''Christian Science''' is the name for a religious denomination formally known as ''First Church of Christ, Scientist,'' and for that denomination's system of beliefs. It was established (or, as its adherents prefer to say, discovered) by [[Mary Baker Eddy]] in 1879, and presented in her book, ''Science and Health, With Key to the Scriptures.''

Christian Science lays emphasis on curing disease through faith. It holds that disease is contrary to the will of God and therefore represents a "state of error" which can be corrected through prayer.

Christian Scientists maintain that the denomination is Christian in every sense of the word, despite some idiosyncrasies in its practices ("non-material" celebration of Baptism and the Eucharist) and terminology (Christ Jesus is referred to as the "wayshower.")

==Christian Science and the medical establishment==
The relationship between Christian Science and the medical establishment is complex and tense. Christian Scientists who seem to be ill are supposed to seek help from "Christian Science practitioners" for prayer and spiritual counseling, and are not supposed to seek medical treatment from doctors. Accounts vary as to the degree of social and spiritual pressure that is brought to bear in their decision-making, but certainly a decision to seek medical help is a difficult one for Scientists. Scientists come into conflict with public-health and child-welfare officials when they delay or deny medical treatment to their children. In a tragic, high-profile 1977 case, a Christian Science couple's 15-month-old son died of untreated meningitis.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,954258-2,00.html Matters of Faith and Death], Time Magazine, 1984].</ref>

In 2006, a Christian Scientist in Boston contracted a case of measles, causing concern that the disease might spread quickly within the largely-unvaccinated population; according to Church officials, rapid action was taken, six individuals were quarantined at home, and the church informed its membership, including how to get vaccinated—stating that "The Church neither encouraged or discouraged vaccinations, and has no policy against the procedure."<ref>[http://medgadget.com/archives/2006/06/measles_in_bost.html Measles in Boston: Collision of Church and State, Science and Journalism], Medgadget</ref>

==Organization==
The Church of Christ, Scientist is headquartered in Boston, in a large complex which includes the Mother Church,<ref>known as '''The''' First Church of Christ, Scientist, as distinguished from the others, designated simply "First Church of Christ, Scientist"</ref> the Christian Science Publishing Company, and a unique world globe called the Mapparium. It has about two thousand branches in seventy countries; however, the strongest support for it continues to exist in the northeastern United States, where it originated. The church does not publish membership figures, but it is thought to have about half a million adherents worldwide,<ref>[http://www.adherents.com/Na/Na_157.html#941 400,000] according to adherents.com</ref>, and its well-publicized recent financial difficulties have led outsiders to surmise that its membership is in decline.

A network of "Christian Science Reading Rooms" are operated by the Church; each is usually associated with a nearby church, and provides a form of outreach. Passersby can enter and study, borrow, or purchase copies of ''Science and Health'' or the current issue of the Christian Science Monitor. Often in storefront locations, in the United States they are a ubiquitous part of the urban and town landscape.<ref>The fictional city of Springfield in the animated cartoon series ''The Simpsons'' contains one.</ref>

The Christian Science Monitor is a newspaper founded by Eddy in 1908, partly in response to what she felt was biased coverage of Christian Science in the publications of the day. The New York Times referred to it as the "Eddy cult"<ref>"Christian Science Denounced. Plainfield Clergyman Preaches on the Unchristianity of the Eddy cult." June 10, 1901, p. 1</ref>. Mark Twain published a blistering book-length attack, suggesting that the Church was a device for the "concentration of money and authority in the hands of an irresponsible clique" and saying of Eddy that "I do not think her money-passion has ever diminished in ferocity, I do not think that she has ever allowed a dollar that had no friends to get by her alive." Eddy wanted her own publishing outlet.

From the beginning, the Monitor's coverage was never limited to Christian Science, and by the 1930s it had become a serious and well-respected newspaper. In the 1980s and 1990s the church attempted to expand into electronic media, with a syndicated radio news program, a Boston television station, and a cable channel, and became overextended, creating a financial crisis for the church.

==Notes and references==
<references/>

[[Category:Religion]]

World War II

2007-05-30T21:24:52Z

JoeP: typographical errors

'''World War II''' was a global conflict fought between the [[Allies|Allied]] powers including the [[United States]], the [[Soviet Union]], [[Britain]], [[France]], Australia, Canada and many other nations and the [[Axis (WWII)|Axis]] powers (mainly [[Nazism|Nazi]] [[Germany]], [[Fascism|Fascist]] [[Italy]], and Imperial [[Japan]]). The war is usually considered to have started on September 1, 1939 with the invasion of [[Poland]] by Nazi Germany. During the war, eight major world powers fought, along with several lesser states joining with one side or the other. On the side which lost were the Axis Powers Germany, [[Japan]], and [[Italy]]. Against them were the Allied Powers [[United States]], [[Great Britain]] and the Commonwealth, the [[Soviet Union]], [[France]], and [[China]] (which was friendly to the West at the time, see [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]). Russia was drawn into the war after Germany launched an attack codenamed [[Operation Barbarossa|Barbarossa]], and soon had the support of the Allies. Britain declared war in reaction to Germany's aggression against [[Poland]], along with most of the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] nations.

==Causes==
The causes of World War II are complicated. The immediate causes of World War II are generally held to be the Japanese attacks on China, the United States, the British and Dutch colonies; and the German invasion of Poland on the 1st September 1939. Following the two day deadline for the withdrawal of German forces, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand declared war on Germany, followed quickly by France, South Africa, Canada and Nepal.

One major cause of German aggression may be the fervent [[Nationalism]] that became the norm in Germany post-[[World War I]]. Germans were eager to reaffirm their position as a major player on the world stage.{{fact}}

The state of Germany in the aftermath of World War I is also considered to be a contributing factor. Due to the harsh terms of the treaty ending the first World War, Germany was not only humiliated, but pushed into economic ruin. The German currency which used to trade at 4 to a dollar eventually became over 1 trillion to the dollar. (Yes, that's not a typo). Under such deplorable conditions, anyone who could make them rise again would be viewed almost as a savior. The scene was set for Hitler.

== German Tactics ==
The major tactical innovation of the war was the use of combined arms warfare, typified by the German doctrine of [[blitzkrieg]]. In this style of warfare armor, infantry, artillery and air power (see [[Luftwaffe]]) all coordinate to achieve overwhelming superiority at point on the enemy lines. Armor and fast-moving infantry units then exploit the gap and penetrate deep behind enemy lines. The objective is to cause a widespread collapse of the enemy's ability to fight. It was particularly effective during the early stages of the war, before the Allies developed effective countermeasures.

==War in Europe 1939-1941==
The French and British were initially reluctant to honor promises to the Polish government, avoiding serious consideration of an invasion of Germany. The British failed to send land forces in time to support the Poles (see [[Western betrayal]]). The French mobilized slowly and then launched a token offensive in the Saar. The Meanwhile, on September 8, the Germans reached Warsaw, having slashed through the Polish defenses.

Following the completion of the invasion of Poland, German forces regrouped and Allied forces remained defensive, leading US commentators to dub it the [[Phoney War]]. This perception was not shared in [[Finland]], which fought a Soviet invasion started on November 30 1939. Despite the overwhelming numbers of the [[Red Army]], the Finnish resistance was strong and the battle was hard fought before the Soviet army took control.

May 10 1940 marked the end of any accusation of a phony war, with the invasion of France by Germany, via [[The Netherlands]], [[Luxembourg]] and [[Belgium]]. Resistance by the British armies and French armies proved weak and the occupation of France began. British troops were able to evacuate mainland Europe at Dunkirk. France was divided into the northern [[Occupied France]] and the collaborationist [[Vichy regime]] in the south of France, including [[Corsica]].

The collapse and occupation of France, together with Germany's alliance with the Soviet Union, fascist Italy, benevolent neutrality of fascist Spain and Portugal, with little of Europe outside of Axis hands led many to assume that the United Kingdom had been defeated. Indeed it would appear that the, seemingly foolish, decision of the relatively weak United Kingdom to continue the war took the Axis powers off guard. This decision ensured the remaining British Empire was still involved in the war, with Japan threatening many British possessions in Asia.

In 1940 [[Denmark]] and [[Norway]] were invaded by German forces, to preempt a British occupation of Norway. Norway also contained a source of [[Heavy water]], possibly crucial in the construction of an atomic weapon. This was soon followed by the British invasion of neutral [[Iceland]] (the invasion of [[Denmark]] by German forces marks the start of an independent Iceland).

With Britain the sole opposing European nation, the [[Battle of Britain]] commenced. The [[Luftwaffe]] attempted to achieve aerial dominance over the south of Britain, in order to allow a sea based invasion of Britain to proceed. For many months the [[Royal Air Force]] and Luftwaffe fought for dominance, with the resilience of the RAF, with British, Canadian and Polish pilots forced a rethink of [[German]] tactics. The period that followed is known as the [[Blitz]], where the RAF and Luftwaffe attempted to undermine the infrastructure of the opposing country. This was a period of great economic devastation, which took both countries a considerable period to recover from. More seriously it led to huge numbers of civilian deaths.

1941 marked the major turning point in the war in Europe, when the Germans put aside plans for an invasion of Britain and undertook [[Operation Barbarossa]] - the invasion of the Soviet Union. In a war of major turning points, this was the most significant in Europe. This miscalculation diminished the German army's capacity. The war against the Soviet Union (known as the [[Great Patriotic War]] in the Soviet Union) demanded a huge dedication of resources and later in the war permitted an invasion of mainland Europe by Allied Forces on [[D-Day]].

==United States Enters the War==
The [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|attack on Pearl Harbor]] officially brought the United States into World War Two. Admiral [[Isoroku Yamamoto]] of the Japanese Imperial Navy was against engaging with the United States, due to fear of "waking a sleeping giant". The United States recovered from the shell shock of the initial attack and plunged into the war with the slogan "Remember Pearl Harbor!".

==United States War in the Pacific==
At first the United States was on the defensive, losing Burma, the Phillipines, and other countries under U.S. military protection. The battle of the Coral Sea was the first major engagement with the Japanese that resulted in a draw and set the stage for the battle of Midway a month later. That one battle changed the direction of the war forever, crushing Japanese offensive sea power in one strike. After that, the Japanese were forced to be on the defensive for the rest of the war and never seriously threatened the American military again. In order to shorten the war, the U.S. military chose to adopt a policy of Island Hopping that including bypassing most of the extensive Japanese holdings to instead focus on a relatively straight path leading right to Japan.

==The End of World War II in Asia==
On August 6, 1945, a B-29 Superfortress, the Enola Gay, dropped a nuclear bomb on Hiroshima. Then, on August 9, a B-29 dropped the second atomic bomb. On August 20 the Japanese government told the United States they were ready to accept the terms which the Allies proposed. The next day, the Allies replied, saying the authority of the emperor would be "subject to the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers." On August 14 the Japanese government agreed to this.

Then, September 2, 1945, the Japanese government, along with all its military forces, formally surrendered to the United States. This happened in a ceremony aboard a United States battleship, the ''Missouri'', on [[Tokyo Bay]], where the [[Japanese Instrument of Surrender]] was signed. This was the ending of World War II, after six years almost to the day.

==Fallout From World War II==

*[[Iron Curtain]]

*British Empire
The war effectively bankrupted Britain, which started the process of dismantling its empire. It was not until 2007 Britain finished paying off the loans to the USA which it had taken to fight Nazi Germany.

*the Netherlands and Indonesia
After the defeat of the Japanese empire, there army retried from the Dutch East Indies and was return back to the Dutch. Quickly after Thad the people came in revolt agents the government in 17 August 1945 and declared theme self independence. The Dutch did not allow that and sent its “new” army to the colonies. Dutch scored a lot of victories but after the political pressure from the USA and Australia the Dutch acknowledged in 27 December 1949 the sovereignty of now the day Indonesia

*Supremacy of the USA in the Western World
Whilst most countries had seen their economies demolished by the war, the USA had industrialized heavily and made financial gains from sales of arms to other Allied countries.

*Supremacy of the Soviet Union in Eastern Europe.

*Vietnam War
During the war the French lost their colony of Vietnam to the Japanese. At the end of the war they decided to reassert their colonial mastery, but the Vietnamese now had other ideas. The battle with the French would eventually lead into the Vietnam war after the French defeat and American intervention ensued to prevent the spread of Communism.

==References==
<references/>

== External Links ==
* United States Department of the Navy/Navy Historical Center's [http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq36-4.htm Fleet Admiral Chester William Nimitz]
* [http://www.onpower.org/history_wwii.html/ World War II]
* [http://www.independent.org/publications/tir/article.asp?issueID=12&articleID=139 "On the Brink of World War II: Justus Doenecke’s ''Storm on the Horizon''," by Ralph Raico]
* [http://www.independent.org/publications/working_papers/article.asp?id=1499 "Government and the Economy: The World Wars," by Robert Higgs]
* [http://www.independent.org/newsroom/article.asp?id=113 "How War Amplified Federal Power in the Twentieth Century," by Robert Higgs]
* [http://www.independent.org/store/book_detail.asp?bookID=65 ''Depression, War and Cold War'', by Robert Higgs]
* [http://www.independent.org/publications/article.asp?id=138 "Wartime Prosperity?", by Robert Higgs]
* [http://www.independent.org/issues/article.asp?id=1431 Pearl Harbor]
[[Category:World War II| ]]
[[Category:Wars]]

Anthony Kennedy

2007-05-30T21:20:53Z

JoeP: typographical error

[[Image:Kennedy.jpg|right]]

'''Anthony Kennedy''' was Ronald Reagan's nominee after [[Lewis Powell]] retired. Kennedy shared a deep background and association with Reagan, who turned to him as an associate worthy of reward. Kennedy arrived at his prominent position through simple hard work and loyalty. His consistency and competence earned him a well-deserved reputation for reliability among his peers. It also served to advance his career as an attorney and judge. Described as unassuming and friendly, Kennedy has won the respect and admiration of his colleagues over the years. Kennedy often used his personality to win over allies and form unlikely coalitions.

==Personal Life==
Anthony McLeod Kennedy was born on July 22, 1936 in Sacramento California. The second of three children, Kennedy grew up in the quiet Sacramento community that reflected the rural Central California region. 
Kennedy's father, Anthony J. Kennedy, worked as a lawyer and lobbyist for various businesses. The elder Kennedy, a well-established lawyer had a reputation for influence in the California legislature. 
His mother, Gladys McLeod, participated in many Sacramento civic activities. 
Kennedy attended a local Sacramento high school and Stanford University. He spent a year of his undergraduate studies at the London School of Economics and earned his A.B. and a Phi Beta Kappa key in 1958. After Stanford, Kennedy enrolled in Harvard Law School where he graduated cum laude. After law school Kennedy returned to California and worked as an associate for a law firm in San Francisco. His father died 1963 and Kennedy returned to Sacramento to take over his father's practice. Also in 1963 Kennedy wed Mary Davis, with whom he had three children.

==Early Years as a Lawyer==
Although he lacked vast experience as a lawyer, many of his father's important clients stayed with him out of respect for the elder Kennedy. His clients soon discovered the young lawyer had just as much, if not more, legal skills than his father. 
Kennedy had a talent for socializing and soon made many friends among the influential Californian politicians. Kennedy also donated large sums of money on behalf of himself and his clients to various political officials in the state. 

==Establishing Contacts==
Through his work as a lobbyist, Kennedy befriended [[Ed Meese]] who was a California District Attorney. The two, sharing similarities in age and background, became close friends. Meese left to work for then-Governor Reagan in 1966 and Kennedy continued his work as an attorney and lobbyist. 
The two men did not lose touch with each other, however, and Kennedy continued to help Meese and Reagan in small capacities. Kennedy also taught constitutional law for a brief period during this time at the McGeorge School of Law of the University of the Pacific. In 1973, Meese recruited Kennedy to help Reagan draft Proposition One, a ballot initiative to limit the state's spending. He campaigned throughout the state to push the passage of the proposal and his efforts won him Reagan's favor. 

==The Ninth Circuit==
Kennedy's loyalty was rewarded when Reagan recommended him to President Gerald Ford when a vacancy in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit opened.
Kennedy joined the U.S. Court of Appeals in 1975 at age 38. Kennedy soon became the head of the court's conservative minority as [[President Carter]] expanded and flooded the Ninth Circuit Court with liberal judges. In the turbulent and often divided [[Ninth Circuit Court]] of that time, Kennedy often held majorities with few dissents. His narrow case-by-case approach and his refusal to resort to sweeping conclusions and rhetoric won him the support of many colleagues. Even his opponents admired Kennedy's well-crafted and thoughtful opinions.

=="Sometimes it's better to bet on a horse to show."==
When Justice Lewis Powell retired in 1987, Kennedy appeared on a short list of possibilities for the President's nomination, but [[Ronald Wilson Reagan| Reagan]] nominated [[Robert Bork]], but the feisty, conservative Bork met with fierce opposition from liberals in the Senate and ultimately failed to win confirmation. Reagan nominated Douglas Ginsburg, a judge from the U.S. Court of Appeals in the District of Columbia Circuit. Ginsburg, however, withdrew himself from consideration when allegations concerning his past marijuana use. Reagan, on the advice of Meese, finally turned to Kennedy to fill the vacancy on the Supreme Court. Kennedy's nomination, unlike Reagan's two previous picks, encountered little resistance. After the tumultuous events surrounding Bork and Ginsburg, Kennedy's low key nomination appeared calming and even liberals thought of him as fair-minded and pragmatic. The Senate unanimously confirmed Kennedy and he was sworn into office on February 8, 1988.

Since he had experience as a federal judge Kennedy made an easy transition to the Supreme Court od the United States|Supreme Court]]. Kennedy has voted consistently with his past record on many issues. He remains conservative on crime issues and still refuses to broaden the scope of his opinions. He has been effective in holding unlikely coalitions on the Court. Kennedy is an important pivot on which close decisions turn. Kennedy has recently become an important part of the [[U.S. Supreme Court|Court's]] centrist bloc. .

[[Category:US Judges]]

Women

2007-05-30T21:15:58Z

JoeP: typographical error

{{generalize}}

'''Women''' is the plural for the female of the human species, with the biological role of bearing and nurturing offspring. In preparation for this role, women's breasts begin to grow at puberty, forming the most striking physical difference between women and men after the reproductive organs. Other differences include a layer of subcutaneous fat under the skin which hides the underlying musculature and a wider pelvis to facilitate carrying the [[baby]] and allowing it to be born. Women also have a greater proportion of fine vellus hair over certain areas of their skin (such as their face and legs) than the coarse terminal hair which appears on men. {{fact}}

While men have typically two or three times more upper body strength than women, their leg strength is comparable and women have proven more durable in feats of physical endurance. Women have slightly longer average lifespans than men, which results in women overtaking men in population by middle age despite a 1.05:1 boy to girl ratio at birth in the United States. This rate varies among countries. {{fact}}

== Women in history ==

Compared to men, relatively few women have had impact on history as leaders in diverse fields, but a small number of women have had enormous impact. They include [[Isabella of Spain]], [[Margaret Thatcher]], [[Elizabeth I]], [[Boudicca]], [[Catherine the Great]], [[Cleopatra]], [[Marie Curie]], [[Benazir Bhutto]], [[Golda Meir]], [[Indira Gandhi]], [[Lucretia Mott]], [[Susan B. Anthony]], [[Aung San Suu Kyi]], and [[Theresa of Calcutta]].

== Women in the Bible ==

=== Genesis ===
According to [[biblical literalism]], women, like men, were created by God on the 6th day of [[Creation]], as told in The Book of [[Genesis]]. [[Genesis]] further elaborates that [[God]] took a rib from [[Adam]], the first man, and from it created [[Eve]], the first woman, as a subservient companion for [[Adam]]. Also not explicitly stated in the [[Bible]], it is obvious that, due to the manner in which Eve was created, she was Adam's wife, as God does not intend for two humans in such a union to be any other way.{{fact}} According to some biblical literalists, Eve caused sin and suffering to come into the world when she tricked Adam into eating from The Tree of Knowledge an act directly forbidden by God Himself. As punishment for this, God declared that women shall experience great pain in childbirth and shall always be ruled over by their husbands. <ref>Genesis 3:16</ref>

=== New Testament statements on the role of women ===
Saint Paul also has much to say on the status of women in society, most memorably that women should submit to their husbands just as the church submits to God.
<ref>[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ephesians%205:22-24&version=9 Ephesians 5:22-24 ]</ref>
<ref>[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=I%20Corinthians%2011:8-9;&version=9; I Corinthians 11:8-9]</ref>
<ref>[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=I%20Corinthians%2011:4-7;&version=9; I Corinthians 11:4-7]</ref>
<ref>[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=I%20Corinthians%2014:34-35;&version=9; I Corinthians 14:34-35]</ref>
The Bible also states that if a man sells his daughter into slavery she must consent and "not go out as the menservants do." (Exodus 21:7)

The New Testament contains many instructions regarding the role of women:
# Women are to dress modestly<ref>1 Timothy 2:9</ref><ref>Peter 3:2-6</ref>.
# Women may learn in silence, but may not be permitted to teach<ref>1 Timothy 2:11-12</ref>. Some interpretations limit this rule to the teaching of doctrine.
# Women are not permitted to speak in church<ref>1 Corinthians 14:34-35 (Spoken by Paul></ref>.
# Women are to be subservient to and follow the instructions of their husbands<ref>Ephesians 5:22-24</ref><ref>Colossians 3:18</ref><ref>Titus 2:4-5</ref><ref>1 Peter 3:1-7</ref>.

These viewpoints are not not widely accepted in secular, first-world nations, although many believers still adhere to them.

==References==
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== Related Topics ==
[[Men]]