Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Canaan (land)

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'''Canaan''' was a historical region encompassing modern-day Israel, Jordan, and Southern Syria and Lebanon.

== History ==
After being invaded my the Israelites in the 3rd millennium BC, Canaan was unified under one government, and one faith.<ref name=Penn>[http://www.museum.upenn.edu/Canaan/LandandTime.shtml Pennsylvania Museum of Archeology and Anthropology]</ref> Canaan was the birthplace of [[Judaism]], [[Christianity]], and [[Islam]]. Canaan remained in Israelite control until waves invading troops from the East and North pushed them out.

== Name ==
Canaan is named after Canaan, the fourth son of Ham<ref name=crystalink>[http://www.crystalinks.com/canaan.html Crystalinks]</ref> and Grandson of Noah.

== Religion ==
Before the Israelite invasion, Canaanites worshipped Ba'al and Ashteroth, god and goddess of [[fertility]]. The Israelites tried to exterminate Canaanites who didn't convert, but a few survived and became the [[Philistines]]. After the birth of [[Jesus]], [[Christianity]] began to phase out Judaism. Eventually, the Muslims would invade, and fighting between the montheistic religions over Canaan continues to this day.

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:History]]
[[Category:Geography]]
[[Category:Biblical Places]]
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Railgun

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A '''Railgun''' is a type of artillery that fire projectiles at supersonic speeds by launching them out of using [[electromagnetism]] instead of gun powder. Current expectations for railguns are a 400 mile (643.6 kilometer) range and an impact velocity in excess of Mach 8. Railguns are specifically weapons that consist of two conductive rails and a conductive projectile which is inserted between the rails. A current is passed up through the negative rail, across the projectile and then down the positive rail, completing the circuit at the power supply. The flow of electricity causes the railgun to behave like an electromagnet, and the physics involved cause the projectile to be launched down the rail. This process is specific to the functioning of the railgun, thereby giving the weapon its name.<ref>[http://www.technologyreview.com/Infotech/20164/?nlid=857 Technology Review, Feb. 2008: "Electromagnetic Railgun Blasts Off"]</ref>
[[Image:Railgun Navy1.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Photograph taken from a high-speed video camera during a record-setting firing of an electromagnetic railgun (EMRG) at Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren, Va., on January 31, 2008, firing at 10.64MJ (megajoules) with a muzzle velocity of 2520 meters per second.]]
Railguns provide a capability for sustained, offensive power projection, complementary to missiles and tactical aircraft. They may be a cost-effective solution to the Marine Corp Naval Surface Fire Support requirements because of their unique capability to simultaneously satisfy three key war-fighting objectives:

#Extremely long ranges
#Short time-of-flight
#High lethality (energy-on-target)

The U.S. Navy has tested a railgun that shot a 7 pound projectile traveling seven times the speed of sound, sending a visible shockwave through the air <ref>[http://www.nswc.navy.mil/ET/railgun/index.html U.S. Navy: Electromagnetic Railgun]</ref>

The Railgun should not be confused with the coilgun, also known as the Gauss gun, a weapon that works by generating an electromagnetic field using coils external to the barrel, and using a projectile that is contactless with the firing mechanism (the coils).

Current problems with railguns are power generation and barrel life. Railguns require large amounts of power to work in the first place. They also go through barrels quickly because of the extreme temperatures inside the barrel. Railguns currently only exist as prototypes and in science fiction.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Military]]
[[Category:Technology]]
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Economics wages

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'''Economic wages''' are the compensation for a person's [[opportunity cost]] of time they spend working.
[[Category:Economics]]
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Science fraud

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{{quotation|'''Modern science fraud''' seems to come from the [[Left]], which makes it especially weird because the Left claims to be all in favor of science. [[Marxism]] itself was a scientific fraud, of course. In 1848 [[Marx]] and [[Engels]] claimed to have a "scientific" (wissenschaftlich) theory of history. They predicted that [[communism]] would first arise in England, because it was the most advanced capitalist nation. (Not) They predicted that [[centralized planning]] would work. (Not) They predicted that the peasants and workers would dedicate their lives to the Socialist State, and stop caring about themselves and their families. (Not). They predicted that sovietization would lead to greater economic performance. (Not). And then, when seventy years of Soviet, Chinese, Eastern European, and North Korean history showed Marx's predictions to be wrong, wrong and wrong again, they still claimed to be "scientific." That's [[pathological science]] --- [[fraud]] masquerading as [[science]]. [http://www.americanthinker.com/2007/11/global_warming_as_pathological.html] }}

==Links==

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabrication_%28science%29 Wikipedia:Fabrication (science)]

[[Category:Science]]
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Organum

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'''Organum''' is a very early musical style of [[polyphony]] which involves a simple doubling of the chant at an interval of a fifth or fourth above or below. As organum evolved, the voices became increasingly independent, creating polyphony as we know it today.

The evolution of organum follows this scheme.
* Parallel Organum at the Fourth or Fifth - 10th century
* Oblique motion to Parallel Organum at the Fourth - 10th century
* Use of Oblique, Contrary, and Parallel motion - 11 century
* Florid Organum - 12th century

In [[Florid Organum]] a highly ornamented second voice was set against long [[note (music)|notes]] in the "tenor". After the advent of Florid Organum, the older style of note against note was referred to as "discant" organum. Typical of composers using this technique were [[Leoninn]] and [[Pérotin|Perotin]] of [[Notre Dame]] in Paris.

In the 12th and 13th centuries, measured organum involved the alternation of [[cantus firmus]] organal and discant sections. In the organal section each note of the syllabic/neumatic section of the chant or cantus firmus was set against up to 40 notes in the second voice. In the discant section each note of the melismatic section of the cantus was set against one to three notes in the second voice.

[[Notre Dame]] Organum is most important in that rhythm was introduced according to a system of rhythmic modes. [[Leonin]] (late 12th c.) began to use the rhythmic modes in his 2-part works (organum duplum). Modal rhythm was even more prominent in the 3-part works (organum triplum) of [[Pérotin|Perotin]]. Polyphonic treatment was restricted to plainchants of the Graduals, Alleluias, Responsories, and the "Benedicamus Domino," but only the soloist sections were used for polyphonic treatment.

[[Category:Musical terms]]
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New Seven Wonders of the World

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The '''New Seven Wonders of the World''' are seven man-made structures chosen by public vote to represent global heritage throughout history. The selections were announced on 7 July 2007. The idea was inspired by the [[Seven Wonders of the Ancient World]].

The New Seven Wonders of the World are:

The [[Taj Mahal]], [[India]] 
The statue of [[Christ Redeemer]], [[Brazil]] 
[[Chichen Itza]], [[Mexico]] 
[[Petra]], [[Jordan]] 
[[The Great Wall of China]], [[China]] 
[[Machu Picchu]], [[Peru]] 
The [[Colosseum]], [[Italy]] 

<gallery>
Image:Taj Mahal Agra India.jpg|Taj Mahal
Image:Christ_redeemer.jpg|Christ Redeemer
Image:Kukulcan3.jpg|Chichen Itza
Image:Petra.jpg|Petra
Image:Great_wall.jpg|The Great Wall of China
Image:Machu_Picchu.jpg|Machu Picchu
Image:Colosseum.jpg|Colosseum
</gallery>

==References==
[http://www.new7wonders.com/index.php?id=315&L=0 New7Wonders]
[[Category:Tourist Attractions]]
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Lesser sooty owl

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{{Taxonomy
|name=Lesser Sooty Owl
|image=
|caption=
|domain=Eukaryota
|kingdom=Animalia
|subkingdom=Bilateria
|branch=Deuterostomia
|superphylum=
|phylum=Chordata
|subphylum=Vertebrata
|infraphylum=Gnathostomata
|microphylum=
|superdivision=
|division=
|subdivision=
|superclass=Tetrapoda
|class=Aves
|subclass=Neornithes
|infraclass=Neoaves
|superorder=
|order=Strigiformes
|suborder=
|infraorder=
|superfamily=
|families=
|family=Tytonidae
|subfamily=Tytoninae
|supertribe=
|tribe=
|subtribe=
|genera=
|genus=Tyto
|subgenus=
|species=T. multipunctata
|binomialname=
|syn=
|sub=
|alt=
|regionimg=
|pop=
|conservation=
}}
[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Birds of Prey]][[Category:Owls]][[Category:Barn Owls]]
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Euclidean geometry

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'''Euclidean geometry''' is the branch of [[mathematics]] that deals with properties of [[shape]]s and spatial relationships. In its modern form, it is the pure mathematics of [[point]]s and [[line]]s and [[curve]]s and [[surface]]s.

There are a few main types of spatial forms:

* [[Point]]s, an infinitely small dot.
* [[Line]]s, an infinitely long set of points expanding in two opposite directions.
* [[Plane]]s, an infinitely wide set of lines, stretching out in four directions.
* [[Space]], all of the 3-dimensional space that points, lines, and planes exist ons.

Euclidean geometry is named after [[Euclid]] who wrote ''Euclid's Elements'', an important early book containing [[postulate]]s and [[theorem]]s on Euclidean geometry. The opposite of Euclidean geometry is [[Non-Euclidean geometry]].

[[Category:Geometry]]
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History of American Roman Catholic-Protestant Interreligious Hostilities and Reconciliations

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The history of intergroup tensions between Roman Catholics and other Christians spans the history of the United States. In 1789 [[George Washington]] formally welcomed U.S. Roman Catholics, stating, "May the members of your society in America, animated alone by the pure spirit of Chrisitanity, and still conducting themselves as the faithful subjects of our free government, enjoy every temporal and spiritual felicity." <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=0isMAAAACAAJ ''The Bible Tells Me So: Uses and Abuses of Holy Scripture''] Jim Hill and Rand Cheadle, 1995, Anchor Books/Doubleday, pp. 82-85, ISBN 0385476957</ref> Scholars divide these tensions into two time intervals, disagreeing on the precise placement of the line of separation. For the scholar James Atkinson the periods are 1517-1939 and 1939-1983[present], the later period being one of respect and revaluation initiated by the work of the Roman Catholic scholar [[Joseph Lortz]].<ref>''Martin Luther: Prophet to the Church Catholic'', James Atkinson, 1983, W.B. Eerdmans</ref> For other scholars, the boundary is less precisely marked by 1960's events such as the election of the first Roman Catholic president of the United States [[John F. Kennedy]] and the Catholic Church's [[Vatican II]].<ref>''Uncivil Religion: Interreligious Hostility in America'', Robert Neelly Bellah, Frederick E. Greenspahn, Crossroad, 1987, ISBN 0824507967, 9780824507961, 235 pages</ref>

==Pre-1960's American Protestant attitudes towards Catholics==

The era of the political movement known as the [[Know Nothing]]s. Protestant acceptance of the hoax Maria Monk's best-selling book ''The Awful Discolsures of Maria Monk'' (1836).

==Pre-1960's American Catholic attitudes towards Protestants==

The pro-catholic work ''Maria Monk's Daughter: An Autobiography'' (1874), which was supposedly written by Lizzie St. John Eckel.

==Post-1960's attitudes==

For much of American history, the attitude of non-Roman Catholics towards Catholics was marked by a wariness towards the Pope as the head of a foreign government. It was suspected that the Pope could require American Catholics to adhere to the political (as well as religious) dictates of a foreign king. At a time when the memory of the American Revolution and the War of 1812 were still fresh in the minds of Americans and opposition towards monarchism was strong, this concern was significant. The results of [[Vatican I]], by which the Roman Catholic Church declared the doctrine of [[Papal Infallibility]], did little to lessen that concern. The election of [[John F. Kennedy]] and [[Vatican II]], however, did much to change and even eliminate some of the old hostilities, but new differences and voices have arisen.<ref>[http://isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic204122.files/Week_Two/Massa_New_and_Old_Anti-Catholicism.pdf online pdf of New and Old Anti-Catholicism], originally published in Theological Studies, 2001, volume 62, Mark S. Massa, S.J.</ref> Such voices of hostilities are those of [[Jack Chick]] and other American liberals: "Good American liberals who would not dream of using sexist language or racist slurs or anti-Semitic jokes have no problem at all about using anti-Catholic language, ethnic slurs, or Polish Jokes."<ref>An Ugly Little Secret: Anti-Catholicism in North America, Andrew M. Greeley, 1977, page 1</ref>

===Anglican (American Episcopalian) and Roman-Catholic reconciliations===

On December 11, 1983, [[John Paul II]] became the first Pope to ever officially attend a [[Lutheran]] service. Both the Archbishop of Canterbury, [[Rowan Williams]], and [[Prince Charles]] attended [[Pope John Paul II]]'s funeral on April 8, 2005. Archbishop Williams is the first Archbishop of Canterbury to attend a Roman Catholic funeral since the Anglican Church's break with the Papacy under [[King Henry VIII]] (oddly, media such as CNN focused less on the unprecedented historical nature of this event and more on Prince Charles pos-poning his own wedding in order to attend the Pope's funeral).<ref>http://edition.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/04/04/royal.wedding/index.html</ref> Two years earlier, in 2003, after becoming the head of the Anglican Church, Williams met with John Paul. Such meetings between the Anglican and Roman Catholic leadership have been relatively routine since the 1960s.<ref>http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/photo/pope/dignitaries/day.html</ref><ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3163374.stm</ref> In 2010, however, Pope Benedict announced a new policy by which Anglican clergy and laypersons might convert to the Roman Catholic Church without giving up all of their distinctively Anglican religious heritage. While the initiative was welcomed by some in the Anglo-Catholic wing of Anglicanism, the move was seen by many other Anglicans as hostile and damaging to future relations between the two denominations.

==Official Position of Catholics==

The Roman Catholic Church is the only true and complete Christian Church, but all Christian denominations are to be treated as equal in love for Jesus, as our brothers in Christ. Our differences over sacraments and apostolic lineage will not deny the existence of Christ among all God's children.

==References==
<references/>

*''Uncivil Religion: Interreligious Hostility in America'', Robert Neelly Bellah, Frederick E. Greenspahn, Crossroad, 1987, ISBN 0824507967, 9780824507961, 235 pages

[[Category:Christianity]]
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First Indochina War

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The '''First Indochina War''' was a war in Indochina between the French who ruled it and the Vietminh who were communist rebels. Stalin sent tons of weapons to Mao, who gave them to the Vietminh and trained them in using these. In response, the United States sent the French artillery, tanks, and planes. At first the French won, but at Dien Bien Phu the Vietminh hacked a road to this fort and forced its surrender by firing Chinese artillery guns. The French left. North Vietnam became a communist tyranny, South Vietnam a free republic.

Not long after the French were expelled, the Vietnam War started.

==See also==
*[[Vietnam]]

[[Category:French History]]
[[Category:Wars]]
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Judgeship

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A '''judgeship''' is the position held by a [[judge]]. By statute, [[Congress]] authorizes the number of judgeships for each district and [[appellate court]]. [[Category:Legal Terms]]
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Escheat

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'''Escheat''' means the process by which a deceased person's property goes to the state ([[government]]) if no [[heir]] can be found.

[[Category:Legal Terms]]
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Cheka

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[[Image:Felix Dzerzhinsky.jpg|right|thumb|Felix Dzerzhinsky]]
The '''Cheka''' (Russian: Всероссийская чрезвычайная комиссия по борьбе с контрреволюцией и саботажем (''The All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution and Sabotage''), abbreviated ЧК or ''cheka'') was an organization formed in [[December]] 1917.

The main goal of the Cheka was to combat counter-revolutionaries in the newly formed [[Soviet Union]]. It was created by [[Vladimir Lenin]] and headed by [[Felix Dzerzhinsky]].

The Cheka was known for torturing its victims and it is estimated that as many as 500,000 people were murdered by this group.

In 1922 the Cheka was integrated with the [[NKVD]].

==Sources==
Riasanovsky, Nicholas V. ''A History of Russia''. Oxford: University Press, 2005.
[[Category:Soviet Union]]
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Cronyism

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'''Cronyism''' is a form of [[politics|political]] patronage whereby close [[friend]]s (or cronies) of those in [[power]] are given favors, such as appointments to office or awarding of [[contract]]s without regard for their qualifications or merit. In this respect, cronyism is similar to [[affirmative action]].

[[Category:Political Terms]]
[[Category:Corruption]]
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Bankruptcy estate

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'''Bankruptcy estate''' is a term referring to all interests of the debtor in property at the time of the [[bankruptcy]] filing. The estate technically becomes the temporary legal owner of all of the debtor's property.

== See also ==
*[[Bankruptcy code]]

[[Category:Legal Terms]]
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World History Homework Ten Answers - Student Seven

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Olivia
 April 15, 2009
 World History Homework Ten

1. The Industrial Revolution started in England in 1760, which transformed England into an economy powered by manufacturing and industry.

:Excellent, but could also note that the time of completion: around 1840 in England. (Minus 1).

2. My two favorite scientists of the 19th century would be Joseph Lister, a devote Christian, who expanded on Louis Pasteur’s germ theory and is credited to have started sterile surgery, and Marie Curie, who, against all odds, won two Nobel Prizes with her husband for their work in chemistry and physics.

:Superb, may use as a model.

3. There were both pros and cons to the Industrial Revolution. The Revolution increased trade among the nations, who were already becoming wealthier and more powerful from it. However, the factories were dirty and dangerous, and the factory workers received low wages for the long hours they worked.

:Excellent.

4. Nationalism began in Italy in 1831 when a well-known nationalist named Giuseppe Mazzini, formed the “Brotherhood of Young Italy.” While the rulers of the Italian states were not ready to unite, Mazzini’s efforts were not in vain. Eventually in 1861, the Italian people voted to unite their country.

5. Imperialism is “the policy, practice, or advocacy of extending the power and dominion of a nation especially by direct territorial acquisitions or by gaining indirect control over the political or economic life of other areas.”
The four patterns of imperialism are:
• Establish colonies, like the British colonies in America, whereby the European power had direct influence or control over the colonies.
• Establish protectorates, whereby the region has its own government and is an independent country, but is protected by a larger country. Puerto Rico and Guam today would be an example of that, as they are protected by the United States.
• An even less direct form of imperialism was “spheres of influence”, in which the European country had special trading privileges over the region.
• Finally, there is “economic imperialism”, whereby the outside influence was exerted not by a country but by a private business over a region.

:Superb.

6. Because of Africa’s disorder, the Europeans were able to defeat the different tribes for their own personal gain. There was much wealth in Africa – mineral deposits and good soil for plantations; therefore, a European imperialism took over, bringing advances in technology but displacing the Africans and causing territorial strife.

:Terrific.

7. China and Japan became very powerful because they isolated themselves from the outside world, and therefore, distanced themselves from the many vices that other countries had fallen into.

:Excellent.

H1. Utilitarianism is “the ethical doctrine that virtue is based on utility, and that conduct should directed toward promoting the greatest happiness of the greatest number of persons.” There are certain aspects of this concept which I believe, such as the idea of substitutionary atonement. However, there are no Christian morals present at all in utilitarianism.

:Fantastic, may use as a model. I need to read up about "substitionary atonement"!

H2. What is your view of imperialism, and whether it is sometimes good? While most of the motives of imperialism are power and money, some of the under-developed countries have benefited from imperialism. Africa greatly advanced its technology, but at the cost of displacing its citizens and reducing its crops. Therefore, imperialism is sometimes good but almost always bad.

:Good.

H3. Nationalism: good or bad? Loyalty to a nation is extremely important; however, when that loyalty precedes one’s morals or humanity, it has gone too far.

:Excellent.

:Congratulations! 99/100.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 10:34, 19 April 2009 (EDT)

[[Category:World History lectures]]
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Hate speech

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'''Hate speech''' is provocative speech used to denigrate a legally protected class or group of citizens defined by legislation. These protected groups can include gender, race, ethnicity, religious affiliation, sexual orientation, disability, and sometimes age. While language to protect other victim classes has been proposed, the Democratically controlled [[110th Congress]] has rejected protections against the military, pregnant and battered women, or the homeless. Under some legal codes, hate speech can be considered a [[hate crime]].

Forms of hate speech include [[Homophobia]].

== Use of Term to Censor Religious Speech ==
Under a new Swedish law, any person who demonstrates disrespect (Swedish: “missaktning”) for people’s sexual orientation may be sentenced to up to four years in prison. Needless to say, although the Bible is clear about God’s love for fallen mankind and that “God so loved the world….” there are many passages in the Bible that warn about sodomy and its dangers to both individuals and society at large. Those passages – although expressing disrespect for the depraved act of sodomy - may erroneously be interpreted by some people to express disrespect for the people who engage in such activity. Or as the the Kalmar Court verdict against Pastor Green reads: “It is the opinion of this Court that Åke Green, through his statements, has deeply offended the homosexuals as a group and the purpose of his sermon was clearly aimed at showing disrespect for the homosexuals as a group.” [http://www.akegreen.org/]

Similar hate speech laws exist in [[Canada]], in the form of a provision in the [[Canadian Human Rights Act]]. Luckily, attempts to use these provisions to silence religious freedom have been unsuccessful. [[Muslim]] attempts to accuse [[Maclean's]] magazine of hate speech for merely criticizing the religion were rejected.<ref>http://ca.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idCATRE49993920081010</ref>

Hate speech, even when legally defined as such, is not a crime in the [[United States]] because speech is protected under the [[First Amendment]]. In some instances, however, hate speech may be entered as evidence that a separate crime, such as assault, should qualify as a [[hate crime]].

==See also==
*[[Anti-Defamation League]]
*[[H.R. 1592: Local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2007]]
*[[Hate crime]]
*[[Liberal hate speech]]
*[[Liberal totalitarianism]]

==Notes==
<references/>

[[Category:Political Terms]]
[[Category:Religion and Politics]]
[[Category:First Amendment]]
[[Category:Liberal Traits]]
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Goldman Sachs

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[[File:Goldman Sachs logo.png|right]]
'''Goldman Sachs''' is a banking corporation whose business is investment banking and investment management, along with many other financial services.

==Business==

==History==

==Role in the Financial Crisis of 2008==

Part of the business model of Goldman Sachs, along with countless other investment banks, has been to trade debt obligations for profit. As part of this strategy, Goldman Sachs purchsed consolidated mortgage loan obligations from lenders and sold the repackaged obligations to other banks and financial institutions at a profit. As part of the repackaging, low expectations of loan repayment were hidden, encouraging Goldman Sachs' clients to purchase the loan obligations without fully understanding how unlikely it was that mortgage holders would actually pay those loans back. As more and more mortgage holders defaulted, the companies Goldman Sachs had sold loan obligations to began to lose money, and as these companies were clients of Goldman Sachs, so did Goldman Sachs.

==Controversy and Antisemitism==

There is no doubt that actions taken by Goldman Sachs employees had a part in causing the financial crisis of the late 2000s. Furthermore, actions taken by former Goldman Sachs employees, like Henry Paulson, likely worsened the recession.

Nevertheless, the media has given an inordinate amount of attention to Goldman Sachs, with strong accusations of economic tampering, criticism of their business practices, and outrage over bonuses paid to executives. While other companies, which were arguably at least as responsible for the recession as Goldman Sachs ([[AIG]] is a great example), have received some media scrutiny, no company has been as violently attacked as Goldman Sachs. This has led some to accuse those in the media of antisemitism against the company, due to its name.<ref>http://www.thedailybeast.com/blogs-and-stories/2009-08-20/goldman-execs-blame-anti-semitism/</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Economics]]
[[Category:Companies]]
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Limb

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A '''limb''' is any one of a pair of sizable appendages that are used in the animal kingdom, usually for locomotion or grabbing. [[Arm]]s and [[leg]]s are examples of limbs. Large [[branch]]es on [[tree]]s can also be referred to as limbs.

[[Category:Anatomy]]
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Previous Breaking News/Ralph Nader

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This page contains the items that were once on the "Breaking News" section of the Main Page. The articles are mainly about '''[[Ralph Nader]]'''.

#'''If it's [[Hillary Clinton|Hillary]], it's [[Ralph Nader|Nader]] too''' [http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/02/15/BAGUCO5CPL10.DTL][http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/6232332.stm]
[[Category:Previous Breaking News]]
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Bernalillo County, New Mexico

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'''Bernalillo County''' is the most populous county in the state of [[New Mexico]]. It is located in central New Mexico, and surrounds the most populous city in the state, [[Albuquerque]]. Its 2009 population was 642,527.<ref>[http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/35/35001.html U.S. Census Bureau]</ref>

== Statistical Facts ==
'''Race'''
* White Non-Hispanic (48.3%)
* Hispanic (42.0%)
* Other race (16.1%)
* American Indian (5.2%)
* Two or more races (4.2%)
* Black (2.8%)
* Vietnamese (0.5%)

'''Land Area'''
* Land area: 1166 sq. mi.
* Water area: 2.6 sq. mi.
* Population density: 551 people per square mile

'''Income'''

Dec. 2009 cost of living index in Bernalillo County: 89.4 (less than average, U.S. average is 100)

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.bernco.gov/live/ Bernalillo County, Official Website]

[[Category:New Mexico Cities and Towns]]
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Dan Quayle

2011-09-06T00:38:32Z

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{{President
|image=Uyfkhm.jpg
|office=vice
|seq=44
|term_start=January 20, 1989
|term_end=January 20, 1993
|party=Republican
|pres=George H.W. Bush
|previous=George H.W. Bush
|next=Al Gore
|birth_date=February 4, 1947
|birth_place=Indianapolis, Indiana
|age={{age|1947|2|4}}
|death_date=
|death_place=
|spouse=Marilyn Tucker Quayle
|spouse2=
|religion=
}}

'''James Danforth "Dan" Quayle''' (born 1947) was the [[Vice President of the United States of America|Vice President]] under [[Presidents of the United States|George H. W. Bush]]. Prior to being elected Vice President, he was a member of [[Congress]]. Quayle is a loyal [[conservative]] [[Republican]] and advocate for [[traditional values]]. Quayle was the first chairman of the National Space Council and the head of the Council on Competitiveness.

== Education and Family Life ==

Quayle was born on February 4, 1947, in [[Indianapolis]], [[Indiana]]. He spent most of his formative years as much in Arizona as Indiana, he graduated from Huntington High School in Huntington, Indiana, in 1965. He graduated from DePauw University in 1969 and received his J.D. from Indiana University School of Law at Indianapolis in 1974, and was admitted to the Indiana Bar in 1974 and began his law practice in Huntington. Quayle served in the Indiana National Guard from 1969 until 1975.

In November 1972, Dan Quayle married Marilyn Tucker of Indianapolis. Dan and Marilyn Quayle have three grown children: Tucker, Benjamin and Corinne. They presently live in Paradise Valley, [[Arizona]] where he attended grade school and high school.

== Public Service ==

Dan Quayle was elected as a Republican Congressman in 1976, at the age of 29. He was reelected to the Ninety-sixth Congress (January 3, 1977-January 3, 1981). He was not a candidate in 1980 for re-election to the [[House of Representatives]], but was elected to the [[United States Senate]] that year, when he was but 33 years old, and was re-elected in 1986 and served, in total, from January 3, 1981, until January 3, 1989, when he resigned to become [[Vice President of the United States]]. In the Senate he was Chairman of the Select Committee to Study the Committee System. Senator Quayle was elected Vice President of the United States in 1988, and with President [[George Herbert Walker Bush]], was inaugurated January 20, 1989. He was a unsuccessful candidate for reelection as Vice President in 1992.<ref>[http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=Q000007 U.S. Congress, Official Biography;]</ref>

== Private Life ==

Since leaving public office, Dan Quayle has authored three books: ''Standing Firm, A Vice-Presidential Memoir'' which was on the New York Times bestseller list for 15 weeks; ''The American Family: Discovering the Values that Make Us Strong''; and ''Worth Fighting For''. He founded and then sold an insurance business in Indiana. For two years he was a distinguished visiting professor of international studies at Thunderbird, The American Graduate School of International Management. Currently, he is Chairman of Cerberus Global Investments, LLC (Cerberus), President of Quayle & Associates, and serves on the boards of directors of IAP Worldewide Services, Inc., K2, Inc and Aozora Bank, Ltd in Tokyo. He makes frequent public appearances and speeches, and writes a nationally syndicated weekly newspaper column.<ref>http://www.who2.com/danquayle.html</ref><ref>http://rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/1322</ref>

== Controversies ==

Quayle was relentlessly ridiculed in the press and on such shows as [[Saturday Night Live]] as soon as he was announced as the selection to be Bush's running mate. Quayle was ill-prepared to handle such attacks which fed into even stronger attacks against him. His every move became scrutinized. The comic strip [[Doonesbury]] parodied him as unready to take office and used the icon of a floating feather. It was implied that he was chosen for his looks and controlled by the older Bush.

Quayle also found himself enmeshed in controversy when it was alleged that his serving stateside in the [[National Guard]] during the [[Vietnam War]] was due to family connections in order to avoid the draft.<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE6DD1231F932A1575BC0A96E948260&n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/Organizations/R/Republican%20Party BUSH STRUGGLING TO SHED QUESTIONS ON QUAYLE SERVICE]</ref> There was more controversy over a Vice President serving in the National Guard than there was over the next President ([[Bill Clinton]]) avoiding the war altogether.

Perhaps the lowest blow directed at Quayle occurred during his vice presidential debate with Democrat [[Lloyd Bentsen]], [[Michael Dukakis]]' running mate. Quayle had already been subjected to being asked the same question three times, an unprecedent move by the moderators who were supposed to be neutral. When they went on to query him on his comparatively short record, he replied that he had as much Congressional experience as [[John F. Kennedy]]. Bentsen's operatives had overheard Quayle making the comment during practice, and Bentsen had already forged a reply in case the statement was made in the debate. Unwilling or unable to factually counter Quayle's assertion, Bentsen decided to take the fact that he had known Kennedy for a short while in the late 1940s and massively exaggerate it in order to make a deeply personal attack that sidestepped the issue completely, "Senator, I served with Jack Kennedy. I knew Jack Kennedy. Jack Kennedy was a friend of mine. Senator, you're no Jack Kennedy." Obviously stung by a sudden personal attack that avoided the issues, Quayle only replied "that comment was uncalled for senator".<ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-7gpgXNWYI</ref>

Incredibly, the vicious personal attack was not condemned by the press as unprofessional and unbecoming and instead actually became a rallying cry for the Democratic party, but also led to a tactical mistake on the part of the Dukakis-Bentsen ticket. They decided to make a concerted effort to attack Quayle's performance and worthiness instead of focusing on attacking the Presidential candidate George Bush. The Bush-Quayle ticket coasted to victory in November.

As Vice President, he had a much publicized "feud" with "[[Murphy Brown]]", a then popular TV character played by [[Candice Bergen]]. Dan Quayle said that since she had given birth to a child out of wedlock, she was a poor role model for young women. His statements led to a media backlash. Even though Quayle took great care in noting he was not criticizing women who were in that situation through no particular fault of their own, he was besieged with false allegations and smears.

The incorrectly spelled word ''potatoe'' on a list handed him by an aide led to a humiliating gaffe.<ref>http://capitalcentury.com/1992.html</ref>
The media played up Quayle's error while ignoring Senator [[Al Gore]]'s monumentous gaffes as Bill Clinton's running mate in the 1992 election: Gore referred to a zebra changing its "spots" and misquoted the U.S. national motto as "Out of one, many" (actually it's "Out of many, one").<ref>http://www.gargaro.com/algore.html</ref>

This treatment of Quayle was looked upon with something of shocked dismay by politicians of the time, who thought they were a refinement in the attack methods honed by the media on [[Spiro Agnew]] who served as [[Richard M. Nixon]]'s first Vice President, and a harbinger of things to come. Many conservatives see the heavy handed attacks on [[Clarence Thomas]] as a continuation of this same press strategy.

== Quotes ==
*"We have to do more than just elect a new President if we truly want to change this country."

*"One word sums up, probably, the responsibility of any vice president, and that one word is 'to be prepared'."

*"If Al Gore invented the Internet, I invented spell check."<ref>[http://www.quotedb.com/authors/dan-quayle Quotes]</ref>

*"Next Thursday, July 20, will be an historic day for America, as America celebrates the 20th anniversary of [[Neil Armstrong]] and [[Donald Lukens|Buz Lukens]]' walking on the moon."<ref>Young Republicans National Federation Convention--LA Times, 7/16/89</ref>

==References==

<References/>

{{USVicePresidents}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Quayle, Dan}}

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Farm Bureau

2011-09-06T00:38:28Z

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The '''Farm Bureau''' (officially the '''American Farm Bureau Federation''') is a large, powerful, mostly conservative organization of American farmers.

[[File:Farm-orgs.jpg|thumb|310px|Membership in Grange and rival farm organizations, 1875-1960. From Tontz (1964) p. 146]]
==See also==
* [[Grange]], a major rival
==Further reading==
* Campbell, Christiana McFadyen. ''The Farm Bureau and the New Deal: a study of making of national farm policy''(1962) 215pp
* Kile, Orville Merton. ''The Farm Bureau through three decades‎'' (1948) 416 pp.
* Lacey, John J. ''Farm Bureau in Illinois: history of Illinois Farm Bureau‎'' (1965) 464pp
* Tontz, Robert L. "Memberships of General Farmers' Organizations, United States, 1874-1960," ''Agricultural History,'' Vol. 38, No. 3 (Jul., 1964), pp. 143–156 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/3740434 in JSTOR] statistical tables showing membership in the Farm Bureau and other farm organizations by date and state and region

[[Category:Agriculture]]
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Progressive

2011-09-06T00:38:24Z

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In US politics, '''progressive''' is sometimes used as a synonym for "[[liberal]]", used to evade the bad connotation of the latter term. Progressive policies, in [[political science]], are those which make [[progress]] towards goals seen as benefiting society. Since all politicians claim that their ideas and policies are meant to benefit the public, calling a policy "progressive" is thus practically meaningless.

Liberals use the term to describe themselves and their policies in contrast to "regressive" policies of their opponents. For example, they'll ask rhetorically, "Do you want to go back to the 1950s?" implying that women were oppressed by being forced to be [[housewife|housewives]] and men were oppressed by being falsely accused of favoring Communism (see [[McCarthyism]]).

The term progressive was recently revived by [[politician]]s who considered themselves to be [[liberal]]. This revival occurred shortly before the [[2006 elections]]. It was implemented to help distance politicians, mainly [[Democrats]], for the negative history associated with various members of the party at that time. It was also meant to create a belief that [[conservatives]] were not able to think of a progressive future for the [[United States]]. The most famous historical usage of the term was in the 1890s to 1920s, sometimes called the [[Progressive Era]]. During the Progressive Era, politicians of both parties and various ideologies adopted the term, notably [[Theodore Roosevelt]], a Republican who founded the [[Progressive Party]] (also known as the Bull Moose Party) and [[Woodrow Wilson]].

While the term has been popular among the [[media]], most of the population still refers to the two major philosophies as [[conservative]] and liberal. This is likely because these two titles are familiar to the current population and better recognized. Because of this familiarity it is easier to visualize the contrasts between conservative and liberal than the contrasts between conservative and progressive.

A useful distinction to keep in mind is this: "progressives want bigger and supposedly better government; conservatives want less government."

[[Category:Political Ideologies]]
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Botulinum toxin

2011-09-06T00:38:22Z

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'''Botulinum toxin''' is a [[protein]] which is produced by the [[bacterium]] ''[[Clostridium botulinum]]''. It interferes with [[neuron]] transmission, which can keep [[muscle]]s from contracting. As this effect can be very deadly, botulinum toxin is known as a neurotoxin, meaning that it is a toxic agent which affects the nervous system. When used in small amounts and in highly localized applications, however, it can be extremely medically useful to treat uncontrollable muscle spasms in conditions such as [[torticollis]] and [[spasmodic dysphonia]]. The most publicized use, however, is purely cosmetic: it can be used to smooth out facial wrinkles, and for this use it is often known by the trade name '''Botox'''.

[[Category:Medicine]]
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Hilkiah

2011-09-06T00:38:21Z

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'''Hilkiah''' was the high priest of [[Judah]] during the reign of King [[Josiah]]. He visited Huldah the prophetess and heard her prediction that the [[Lord]] would punish the Kingdom of Judah for making offering to false gods.<ref>http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt09b22.htm#8</ref>

==Notes==
<references />
[[Category:Biblical Persons]]
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Entitlement

2011-09-06T00:38:17Z

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An '''entitlement''' is a [[federal]] program or provision of law that requires payments to any person or unit of [[government]] that meets the eligibility criteria established by law. Entitlements constitute a binding obligation on the part of the [[federal]] [[government]], and eligible recipients have legal recourse if the obligation is not fulfilled. [[Social Security]], veterans' compensation, and government pensions are examples of entitlement programs.<ref>[http://www.senate.gov/reference/glossary_term/entitlement.htm] US Senate Reference</ref>

==References==
<references/>
[[Category:United States Senate Terms]]
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Mr. Rogers' Neighborhood

2011-09-06T00:38:15Z

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'''Mr. Rogers' Neighborhood''' was a children's television series on the Public Broadcasting System ([[PBS]]) from 1968 to 2001. The show was created and hosted by [[Fred Rogers]], a [[liberal]] [[Presbyterian]] minister from [[Pennsylvania]].
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Antonio Gaudi

2011-09-06T00:38:10Z

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[[Image:Antoni Gaudi.jpg|thumb|150px|"Antonio Gaudi"]]
'''Antoni Gaudí i Cornet''' (1852–1926) was a [[Catalan]] [[architect]] who is usually referred to by the [[Spanish]] translation of his name - '''Antonio Gaudí'''.<ref>Catalonia is a region of north eastern [[Spain]] with its own language</ref> He was born in the province of Tarragona in southern Catalaonia and from an early age suffered from [[rheumatism]] which caused him great pain. Unable to play with friends or walk far, he took an interest in nature and natural forms. Later he went on to study architecture in [[Barcelona]] at the ''Escola Tècnica Superior d'Arquitectura''. He graduated with average grades but even then, he must have been considered idiosyncratic, as when he received his professional diploma from Elies Rogent, the famous Catalan architect declared; "Qui sap si hem donat el diploma a un boig o a un geni: el temps ens ho dirà<ref>http://www.rutadelmodernisme.com/default.aspx?idioma=ca&contenido=body_rutamodernisme_01l.htm</ref> (''Who knows if we have given this diploma to a nut or to a genius. Only time will tell.'')
{{QuoteBox2
|width=175px
|quote=Who knows if we have given this diploma to a nut or to a genius. Only time will tell.
|source=Elies Rogent
|}}

Gaudi started work on small scale design projects such as lampposts. His design of a showcase for a glove manufacturer used at the 1878 ''Exposition Universelle'' (Worlds Fair) in [[Paris]], first brought him to the attention a wealthy Catalan industrialist Eusebio Güell, but his first important work was for the private residence in Barcelona of another industrialist - Manuel Vicens, a brick and tile manufacturer. This was the ''Casa Vincens''<ref>The ''Casa Vincens'' is part of the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] "Works of Antoni Gaudí".</ref> a building of red bricks and undressed stone with checkerboard and floral pattern tiles in the Moorish style. Broken ceramic tiles later became a key design element of Gaudi's works.

Eusebio Güell and Gaudi were both ardent [[Roman Catholics|Catholics]] and shared common interests. Güell gave Gaudi a series of commissions, the first of which was for a ''Finca Güell'' the entrance pavilion and stables for what was to be the ''Palau Guell'' (literally a palace) in the unfashionable district of Pedralbes. It was about this time that Gaudi became involved with the Cathedral of the Holy Family - ''[[La Sagrada Familia]]''. The crypt had been started in 1882 by another architect, Francisco del Villar who abandoned it in 1883. Gaudi took over the project which eventually took over him for the remaining 43 years of his life. He completed the crypt in 1891 and then started on the walls.
[[Image:Sagrada Familia.jpg|thumb|150px|left|"La Sagrada Familia"]]

In 1898, Gaudi started work on the church for ''Colonia Güell'', a company-town project outside Barcelona for the Güell company, but only the crypt was ever built. Around 1900 he devoted his attentions to ''Parc Güell'' which was intended to be a garden city in the hills behind Barcelona and offer up to sixty homes for the upper middle-class. The development would now be regarded as "environmentally sensitive" as it was designed to mold itself to the landscape and the felling of trees was forbidden. Gaudi created fabulous mosaics using pieces of broken ceramics from Güell's factories for the pavilion and fountains. In the end very few houses were actually built on the site. In 1905 Gaudi received a commission to build an apartment building from Pere Milá, a member of the Cortes (Spanish Parliament). The construction was fraught with difficulties as the City government tried to stop the project owing to infringements of the local building code. However, Gaudi ignored them and completed the building of the Casa Milà, in 1910. It was considered ugly at the time and earned the nickname ''La Pedrera'' (The Quarry) from the local inhabitants, although it is now one of his most famous works.

Gaudi experienced some painful losses, his niece Rosa Egea, who lived with him in Barcelona, died in 1912 and in 1914, his faithful collaborator, Francesc Berenguer Mestres, also died. He became involved in litigation with the Milà family over professional fees and in 1915, an economic crisis in Barcelona, caused the cessation of most of the construction of the Sagrada Familia as well as ''Colonia Güell''. In 1918 his good friend and patron Eusebio Güell also died and with this, his financial backing was removed. Gaudi largely shunned commercial work in his later life and devoted himself to ''La Sagrada Familia'', working in his studio on the church premises. Despite being something of a dandy in his early years, as an old man he took little pride in his appearance and on June 7, 1926, while crossing the street, he was knocked down by a tram. Mistaking him for a vagrant, taxi-drivers refused to take him to a hospital for fear that they would not get their fare. Eventually he was taken to a paupers' hospital and only found by his friends the following day. Although they tried to move him to a better hospital, he refused, reportedly saying that "I belong here among the poor". He died three days after his accident on July 10, 1926 and was buried in the ''La Sagrada Familia''.<ref>[http://www.gaudiclub.com/ingles/i_vida/i_vida5.asp Gaudi & Barcelona Club (page 5)]</ref> As Gaudi did not make use of blueprints for the design of the cathedral, preferring to keep most of it in his head, his fellow workers were unable to continue with the construction work.

In Spain, Gaudi is known as "God's Architect"; when he was questioned about the length of time that the construction was taking he is said to have joked "My client is in no hurry".

==Notes & References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gaudi, Antonio}}
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