Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Relient K

2010-03-21T20:49:05Z

JonR:

'''Relient K''' is a [[Christian]] [[pop-punk]] band. It was started in 1997 by Matthew Thiessen and Matt Hoopes. They named the band after a car that Matt Hoopes had owned: a Plymouth Reliant K. To avoid copyright issues, they were forced to switch the "a" to an "e". Relient K soon earned their first record deal with Gotee Records, but since then they fulfilled their deal with Gotee when they turned in their sixth studio album, The Bird and the Bee Sides. Through the years the band has become a leader in its genre.

==Albums==
*''All Work and No Play (demo)''
*''Relient K''
*''Anatomy of the Tongue in Cheek''
*''Two Lefts Don't Make a Right...But Three Do''
*''Mmhmm''
*''Five Score and Seven Years Ago''
*''The Bird and the Bee Sides''
*''Forget and Not Slow Down''

[[category:bands]]
[[Category:Christian Literature, Art, and Media]]

Relient K

2009-11-04T00:36:57Z

JonR:

'''Relient K''' is a [[Christian]] [[pop-punk]] band. It was started in 1999 by Matthew Thiessen and Matt Hoopes. They named the band after a car that Matt Hoopes had owned - Reliant K. They were forced to switch the "a" to an "e" to avoid copyright issues. Relient K soon earned their first record deal with Gotee Records. Since then, the band has become a leader in its genre.

==Albums==
*''Relient K''
*''Anatomy of the Tongue in Cheek''
*''Two Lefts Don't Make a Right...But Three Do''
*''Mmhmm''
*''Five Score and Seven Years Ago''
*''The Bird and the Bee Sides''
*''Forget and Not Slow Down''

[[category:bands]]
[[Category:Christian Literature, Art, and Media]]

World History Homework Twelve Answers - Student Seventeen

2009-05-04T00:44:40Z

JonR:

== Jonathan R. ==

'''1. [[World War II]]: when, where, who and why? Explain.''' The war started in 1939 when [[France]] and [[Britain]] declared war on [[Germany]]. The sides consist of the Allied Powers: [[England]], [[Australia]], [[Canada]] and [[New Zealand]], [[France]] and its colonies, and potentially the [[United States]] and the [[Soviet Union]]. The Axis Powers consisted of [[Japan]], [[Germany]] and [[Italy]]. The reason for the war was the violation of the [[Treaty of Versailles]] and Hitler’s tendency to violate any and all types of treaties (don’t make a deal with the devil).

'''H7. (Counts as two answers) Explain the mathematics of how the [[Enigma]] was broken (decoded) including (if you like) some words about the field of cryptology today.''' The actual code of the [[Enigma]] is very hard to write about and understand in any meaningful way, so I will try to make as much of it as possible comprehensible. When you press a letter (e.g. L), the machine alters it up to nine times (with a minimum of seven) using a set of wheels with the alphabet on them that move much like a standard car odometer (with every 26 letters typed, the next wheel moves to the next spot.). And it must be remembered that the moving of at least one wheel, for every new letter typed, introduced a new set of circuits for each new letter. In addition, if you pressed one key over and over, you would get a different letter each time, but if you hit that same key 16,900 (26 x 25 x 26) times, the pattern would repeat. Cryptologists use a method of code breaking that uses common letter patterns to their advantage: letter and pattern frequency, where the cryptologist would give an educated guess as to what common letter a repeated character is. Also, some letters will appear frequently alongside each other. The most obvious example in the [[English]] language is TH as in 'the' or 'that'. By combining these two weapons, the code breaker could make a reasonable guess that where a single letter appeared repeatedly after the T which he had already recovered from letter frequency, the unknown letter was probably H, particularly if the next letter that had already been recovered was an E.

'''3. Why do you think [[Hitler]] and his supporters killed so many people? Explain.''' [[Hitler]] led [[Germany]] with an extremely violent form of nationalism which was instilled within each individual [[German]]. This makes everyone think of their nationality as being better than all others, and makes them willing to kill off the other nationalities (especially the [[Jewish]], whom they blamed for their troubles).

'''5. Describe any aspect of the [[Cold War]] or the [[Korean War]] or the [[Spanish Civil War]] (with reference to Orwell, if you like).''' It’s interesting how the Cold War advanced weaponry ten-fold with atomic bombs, H-bombs, and not to mention missile defense systems, but neither side used this technology during the war.

'''6. How did technological advances or insights help the Allied forces? Be specific.''' The development of the atomic bomb was the deciding element on the outcome of the war. It had power: the equivalence of nearly 20,000 tons of TNT; it also had an emotional effect that no other weapon could compare to.

'''7. Should the [[United States]] have entered World War II in Europe? Discuss.''' I think it was right to enter. The [[United States]] was considering staying out of the war to leave [[England]], [[France]], and [[Italy]] to solve their arguments. When the U.S. Navy to begin escorting [[British]] ships that carried [[American]] arms, a [[German]] U-boat (submarine) shot and sank an [[American]] ship, and the [[Americans]] fired back, and unofficially entered the war.

'''''Because this is the last standard homework of the class:'''''

'''H1. Why did genocide tragically kill so many more people in the 20th century than in the rest of world history combined?''' The reason genocide kills so many people is that it's very easy to spot the "enemy" because they're of a different nationality. This, mixed with an evil leader (Hitler) with no conscience, can cause a tragic loss of life without any reason (not that there is a "reason" to kill).

[[Category:World History lectures]]

World History Homework Twelve Answers - Student Seventeen

2009-05-02T00:02:21Z

JonR: Created page with '== Jonathan R. == '''1. World War II: when, where, who and why? Explain.''' The war started in 1939 when France and Britain declared war on Germany. The sides...'

World History Homework Eleven Answers - Student Seventeen

2009-04-24T03:15:57Z

JonR: Created page with '== Jonathan R. == '''1. What was the "Great War," and why was it called that? Who was on each side?''' The Great War was a network of alliances that culminated into a huge war ...'

== Jonathan R. ==

'''1. What was the "Great War," and why was it called that? Who was on each side?''' The Great War was a network of alliances that culminated into a huge war where most of the world was fighting. The danger of this kind of war is that it can be started with the simplest act of provoking. On one side there was the Central Powers: Austria-Hungary, [[Germany]], [[Bulgaria]] and the Ottoman Empire. On the other were the Allies of [[Britain]], [[France]], [[Russia]], [[Italy]], [[Japan]] and, beginning in 1917, the [[United States]].

'''2. Who won [[World War I]]? Explain the outcome.''' The Allies won. [[America]] had a great impact on the outcome of the war because [[Britain]] couldn’t do it alone. This victory took place in the Second battle of the Marne; [[America]] sent troops in to aid the [[British]], but the amount of casualties were colossal for everyone and President Teddy Roosevelt’s son was killed in this battle.

'''3. Pick your favorite battle of the War and describe it.''' Gallipoli is my favorite battle of the war because I‘ve always found it interesting and almost comical when people (in this case, the Allies) underestimate climate and terrain of a different country.

'''4. When, where, why, and by whom did the [[Communist]] Revolution occur?''' It showed signs of starting by 1903, when the views of Karl Marx reached [[Russia]], and it fully started in 1918, when Civil war broke out. The revolution occurred in [[Russia]] and the cause was [[inflation]] and the lack of food and fuel.

'''5. Pick an aspect of "Science and Art in the Early 20th Century" and describe it, along with your view.''' The “Big Bang”. It is a theory that says that was created by the [[Belgian]] Catholic priest, Georges-Henri Lemaître in 1927, and it says that there was a huge explosion out of nowhere and it created everything we know today. It completely removes [[God]] from the picture, and along with that, they’re giving out Nobel Prizes for it! And I’m sitting here wondering “why doesn’t Wendy’s get one for their Jr. Bacon Cheeseburger?”

'''H7. Could the mistake of [[communism]] have been prevented with better ideas, such as better explanations of why [[communism]] is wrong? Discuss.''' I believe [[communism]] is good in theory, but when you apply it to a system of human minds, things go downhill fast. It is a good idea to share, but if you make it a law for people who work hard to give to a person who has lost their motive to work, it’s basically stealing.

'''H1. Concerning "work", which do you prefer, the motto of Captain John Smith or of Leon Trotsky?''' I think John Smith’s motto really gives people the incentive to work for their own good, but Leon Trotsky’s focuses on obeying commands from a leader and just doing it. I’d have to go with John Smith on this one.

World History Homework Ten Answers - Student Seventeen

2009-04-18T04:47:16Z

JonR:

== Jonathan R. ==

'''1. When and where was the [[Industrial Revolution]]?''' It started in the early 1700s, in [[England]], and developed fully by 1760, but some historians credit the iron industry in [[China]] under the Song dynasty and the textile industry in [[India]] as the precursors of the [[Industrial Revolution]].

'''2. Pick your two favorite scientists or mathematicians from the 1800s and explain what you like about them.'''
Louis Pasteur. I have always been a fan of him, even before learning much history (to tell the truth, I learned about him from a science-based cooking show), and I enjoy hearing about all the accomplishments that he has. I actually wasn’t sure if he was a [[Christian]] before, but now I am.

Marie Curie. I find her interesting because she discovered [[radioactivity]] and used gamma and x-rays from [[radium]] for x-ray imaging. No one knew the real danger of [[radioactivity]] back then and it was actually considered healthy to be around it. This brought in a large amount of consumer products that contained [[radioactive]] material, which is generally a bad idea.

'''3. Do you think the [[Industrial Revolution]] was good or bad, and why?''' I think it was mostly good. It was good because it made it easier to produce goods at a lower cost, but, like [[inflation]], too much of this can be a very bad thing indeed.

'''H2. What is your view of [[imperialism]], and whether it is sometimes good?''' This is a very subjective question, because how good or bad whatever is influencing something is, is greatly reliant on what the motives are. Picture it like this; [[imperialism]] is like a car going very fast: if there is a criminal in that car, well then it’s just his get-away car…but if there’s a police officer in that car, he can have a positive effect.

'''5. What is [[imperialism]]? Describe the four patterns of [[imperialism]].''' [[Imperialism]] is the influencing (cultural, religious, etc.) of one country by another. The [[imperialism]] between [[England]] and [[America]] in the 1600-1700s was in the form of [[Mercantilism]], in which the mother country would buy raw goods from its colonies, fabricate them into other objects, and sell them to other countries.

The four patterns of [[imperialism]] are:

• Establishing colonies, then the mother country would influence them.

• Then there are protectorates, where a larger country would protect a smaller one, sort of like a good big brother.

• Another lesser-known form of [[imperialism]] is the “spheres of influence”, in which one country has special trading privileges over another.

• Last but not least, there was “economic [[imperialism]]”, where an outside influence controls a private business in another country.

'''6. Describe an aspect of [[Africa]] in the 1800s, such as an example of [[imperialism]].''' An example of imperialism in [[Africa]] was by the King Leopold II of [[Belgium]], where he exploited [[Africa]] for rubber, put large plantations, and made natives work for unreasonably low wages. On top of all of this, they renamed this region the Belgian Congo.

'''H6. Discuss any aspect of the lecture.''' [[Dimitri Mendeleev]] was a [[Russian]] [[chemist]] who put together the [[periodic table]] which is still used today. He not only put it together, but he accounted for gaps in which [[elements]] that were not discovered yet would go, he went even further when he predicted the properties of these [[elements]] using the periodic law. An example of this was Mendeleev’s new [[element]], ekaaluminum (Ea), which is what we know as [[gallium]] (Ga) today: his predicted [[atomic mass]] was 69, the actual [[atomic mass]] is 69.7. His predicted [[density]] was 6.0 g/cm3, the actual [[density]] is 5.9 g/cm3. I am amazed at the accuracy of these predictions, and in honor of his contributions, they named an [[element]] after him: [[Mendelevium]] (Md).

World History Homework Ten Answers - Student Seventeen

2009-04-18T04:40:00Z

JonR:

== Jonathan R. ==

'''1. When and where was the [[Industrial Revolution]]?''' It started in the early 1700s, in [[England]], and developed fully by 1760, but some historians credit the iron industry in China under the Song dynasty and the textile industry in India as the precursors of the [[Industrial Revolution]].

'''2. Pick your two favorite scientists or mathematicians from the 1800s and explain what you like about them.'''
Louis Pasteur. I have always been a fan of him, even before learning much history (to tell the truth, I learned about him from a science-based cooking show), and I enjoy hearing about all the accomplishments that he has. I actually wasn’t sure if he was a [[Christian]] before, but now I am.

Marie Curie. I find her interesting because she discovered [[radioactivity]] and used gamma and x-rays from [[radium]] for x-ray imaging. No one knew the real danger of [[radioactivity]] back then and it was actually considered healthy to be around it. This brought in a large amount of consumer products that contained [[radioactive]] material, which is generally a bad idea.

'''3. Do you think the [[Industrial Revolution]] was good or bad, and why?''' I think it was mostly good. It was good because it made it easier to produce goods at a lower cost, but, like [[inflation]], too much of this can be a very bad thing indeed.

'''H2. What is your view of [[imperialism]], and whether it is sometimes good?''' This is a very subjective question, because how good or bad whatever is influencing something is, is greatly reliant on what the motives are. Picture it like this; [[imperialism]] is like a car going very fast: if there is a criminal in that car, well then it’s just his get-away car…but if there’s a police officer in that car, he can have a positive effect.

'''5. What is [[imperialism]]? Describe the four patterns of [[imperialism]].''' [[Imperialism]] is the influencing (cultural, religious, etc.) of one country by another. The [[imperialism]] between [[England]] and [[America]] in the 1600-1700s was in the form of [[Mercantilism]], in which the mother country would buy raw goods from its colonies, fabricate them into other objects, and sell them to other countries.

The four patterns of [[imperialism]] are:

• Establishing colonies, then the mother country would influence them.

• Then there are protectorates, where a larger country would protect a smaller one, sort of like a good big brother.

• Another lesser-known form of [[imperialism]] is the “spheres of influence”, in which one country has special trading privileges over another.

• Last but not least, there was “economic [[imperialism]]”, where an outside influence controls a private business in another country.

'''6. Describe an aspect of Africa in the 1800s, such as an example of [[imperialism]].''' An example of imperialism in Africa was by the King Leopold II of Belgium, where he exploited Africa for rubber, put large plantations, and made natives work for unreasonably low wages. On top of all of this, they renamed this region the Belgian Congo.

'''H6. Discuss any aspect of the lecture.''' Dmitri Mendeleev was a Russian chemist who put together the periodic table which is still used today. He not only put it together, but he accounted for gaps in which elements that were not discovered yet would go, he went even further when he predicted the properties of these elements using the periodic law. An example of this was Mendeleev’s new element, ekaaluminum (Ea), which is what we know as [[gallium]] (Ga) today: his predicted atomic mass was 69, the actual mass is 69.7. His predicted density was 6.0 g/cm3, the actual density is 5.9 g/cm3. I am amazed at the accuracy of these predictions, and in honor of his contributions, they named an element after him: Mendelevium (Md).

World History Homework Ten Answers - Student Seventeen

2009-04-18T04:33:14Z

JonR: Created page with '== Jonathan R. == '''1. When and where was the Industrial Revolution?''' It started in the early 1700s, in England, and developed fully by 1760, but some historians credit th...'

== Jonathan R. ==

'''1. When and where was the Industrial Revolution?''' It started in the early 1700s, in England, and developed fully by 1760, but some historians credit the iron industry in China under the Song dynasty and the textile industry in India as the precursors of the Industrial Revolution.

'''2. Pick your two favorite scientists or mathematicians from the 1800s and explain what you like about them.'''
Louis Pasteur. I have always been a fan of him, even before learning much history (to tell the truth, I learned about him from a science-based cooking show), and I enjoy hearing about all the accomplishments that he has. I actually wasn’t sure if he was a Christian before, but now I am.

Marie Curie. I find her interesting because she discovered radioactivity and used gamma and x-rays from radium for x-ray imaging. No one knew the real danger of radioactivity back then and it was actually considered healthy to be around it. This brought in a large amount of consumer products that contained radioactive material, which is generally a bad idea.

'''3. Do you think the Industrial Revolution was good or bad, and why?''' I think it was mostly good. It was good because it made it easier to produce goods at a lower cost, but, like inflation, too much of this can be a very bad thing indeed.

'''H2. What is your view of imperialism, and whether it is sometimes good?''' This is a very subjective question, because how good or bad whatever is influencing something is, is greatly reliant on what the motives are. Picture it like this; imperialism is like a car going very fast: if there is a criminal in that car, well then it’s just his get-away car…but if there’s a police officer in that car, he can have a positive effect.

'''5. What is imperialism? Describe the four patterns of imperialism.''' Imperialism is the influencing (cultural, religious, etc.) of one country by another. The imperialism between England and America in the 1600-1700s was in the form of Mercantilism, in which the mother country would buy raw goods from its colonies, fabricate them into other objects, and sell them to other countries.

The four patterns of imperialism are:

• Establishing colonies, then the mother country would influence them.

• Then there are protectorates, where a larger country would protect a smaller one, sort of like a good big brother.

• Another lesser-known form of imperialism is the “spheres of influence”, in which one country has special trading privileges over another.

• Last but not least, there was “economic imperialism”, where an outside influence controls a private business in another country.

'''6. Describe an aspect of Africa in the 1800s, such as an example of imperialism.''' An example of imperialism in Africa was by the King Leopold II of Belgium, where he exploited Africa for rubber, put large plantations, and made natives work for unreasonably low wages. On top of all of this, they renamed this region the Belgian Congo.

'''H6. Discuss any aspect of the lecture.''' Dmitri Mendeleev was a Russian chemist who put together the periodic table which is still used today. He not only put it together, but he accounted for gaps in which elements that were not discovered yet would go, he went even further when he predicted the properties of these elements using the periodic law. An example of this was Mendeleev’s new element, ekaaluminum (Ea), which is what we know as gallium (Ga) today: his predicted atomic mass was 69, the actual mass is 69.7. His predicted density was 6.0 g/cm3, the actual density is 5.9 g/cm3. I am amazed at the accuracy of these predictions, and in honor of his contributions, they named an element after him: Mendelevium (Md).

World History Homework Nine Answers - Student Eighteen

2009-04-04T16:50:24Z

JonR: New page: == Jonathan R. == '''1. Now that you've taken the midterm exam, how might you have prepared better? (5 words or less)''' Should have studied relative time-lines. '''H1. Does art follow...

== Jonathan R. ==

'''1. Now that you've taken the midterm exam, how might you have prepared better? (5 words or less)''' Should have studied relative time-lines.

'''H1. Does art follow politics, or lead it? Comment in connection with "revolutionary art (including music)."''' Most of the time, politics control the pathway of art, but sometimes, there’s a new form of art, that takes over like a cult. In which case, art may have some control. Revolutionary Art and music is really a different way of expression during the [[Revolution]], but it carried on in France far after it was over.

'''3. The French Revolution: all bad, or was there something good about it?''' I’m going to say it was all bad. I’m sure you could look around a bit and pick out some good points, but for the most part, it was bad. The National Assembly approved the “Declaration of the Rights of Man”, which was littered with ambiguity of speech, such as: “Every citizen may, accordingly, speak, write, and print with freedom, but shall be responsible for such abuses of this freedom as shall be defined by law.” Upon reading this for the first time, it may seem fair, but in time you will see the phrase “abuses of this freedom”, and note that there is no abuse of freedom without changing the meaning of the word.

'''H2. Napoleon's Empire: write about any aspect of it that interests you.''' I found it interesting that [[Napoleon]] sold America the land of the Louisiana Purchase as a fundraiser. And also, I pointed out in my homework in American History HW Four, on the question of “If you were the president, would you have approved the [[Louisiana Purchase]]? Explain.”, that if France hadn’t sold that land, we wouldn’t have expanded, and I quote “would have made conflict (between the now neighboring France and America) inevitable.”

'''5. Why do you think it took the world so long before revolutions started occurring?''' In Roman times, the emperor would probably have pretty harsh taxes, and the people would be upset with it. But the tax collectors would take more than what the actual tax was. This made the people angrier at the collector than the emperor. There wouldn’t be much cause of an uproar for just one or two tax collectors, but when you have a [[Monarchy]], there’s only one guy to go to.

Iridium

2009-03-23T23:15:43Z

JonR:

{{Element | name=Iridium | symbol=Ir | anumber=77 | amass=192.22 amu | state=Solid | class=Transition Metals | cstructure=Face-Centered Cubic| density=22.560 g/cm^3 | color=Silver, slightly yellowish | stableisotopes=2 | date=1803 | discname=Smithson Tennant | origname=From the Latin ''iridis'', meaning ''rainbow''. | uses=Used in conjunction with [[osmium]] to tip gold pen points, to make crucibles and other high-temperature containers. Also used to make alloys for standard weights and measures, as well as heat-resistant alloys. In addition, used in cancer irradiation, hypodermic needles, helicopter spark plugs and as hardening agent for [[platinum]]. | obtained=Found in gravel deposits with [[platinum]], [[iridosmium]], and [[osmiridium]] ores. }}

'''Iridium''' is an [[element]] in the [[transition metal]]s class of the [[periodic table of the elements|periodic table]]. It is hard and lustrous, and is perhaps the most corrosion-resistant metal known. It has the second-highest density of all elements, after [[osmium]].

An alloy of [[platinum]] and iridium was used in the international standard [[International_System_of_Units#Meter|meter]] bar, before the standard was changed in 1960. A similar alloy is still used in the international standard [[International_System_of_Units#Kilogram|kilogram]]. An alloy of 90% [[platinum]] and 10% iridium is widely used in both the jewelry and chemical industries, because it is strong, hard, beautiful, and impervious to almost all chemicals even at very high temperatures.
== Uses ==

Iridium does not have many "everyday" uses, but a few common ones are:

- Spark plugs.

- Phonograph needles.

- It forms an alloy with [[osmium]] used for tipping pens and compass bearings.

- Electrical contacts.

[[Category:Elements]]

Iridium

2009-03-23T23:15:03Z

JonR:

{{Element | name=Iridium | symbol=Ir | anumber=77 | amass=192.22 amu | state=Solid | class=Transition Metals | cstructure=Face-Centered Cubic| density=22.560 g/cm^3 | color=Silver, slightly yellowish | stableisotopes=2 | date=1803 | discname=Smithson Tennant | origname=From the Latin ''iridis'', meaning ''rainbow''. | uses=Used in conjunction with [[osmium]] to tip gold pen points, to make crucibles and other high-temperature containers. Also used to make alloys for standard weights and measures, as well as heat-resistant alloys. In addition, used in cancer irradiation, hypodermic needles, helicopter spark plugs and as hardening agent for [[platinum]]. | obtained=Found in gravel deposits with [[platinum]], [[iridosmium]], and [[osmiridium]] ores. }}

'''Iridium''' is an [[element]] in the [[transition metal]]s class of the [[periodic table of the elements|periodic table]]. It is hard and lustrous, and is perhaps the most corrosion-resistant metal known. It has the second-highest density of all elements, after [[osmium]].

An alloy of [[platinum]] and iridium was used in the international standard [[International_System_of_Units#Meter|meter]] bar, before the standard was changed in 1960. A similar alloy is still used in the international standard [[International_System_of_Units#Kilogram|kilogram]]. An alloy of 90% platinum and 10% iridium is widely used in both the jewelry and chemical industries, because it is strong, hard, beautiful, and impervious to almost all chemicals even at very high temperatures.
== Uses ==

Iridium does not have many "everyday" uses, but a few common ones are:

- Spark plugs.

- Phonograph needles.

- It forms an alloy with osmium used for tipping pens and compass bearings.

- Electrical contacts.

[[Category:Elements]]

Tungsten

2009-03-23T02:49:13Z

JonR:

{{Element | name=Tungsten | symbol=W | anumber=74 | amass=183.84 amu | state=Solid | class=Transition Metal | cstructure=Body-Centered Cubic | color=Bluish-gray | date=1783 | discname=José and Fausto Elhuyar | origname=From the Swedish ''tung sten'' meaning ''heavy stone''. | uses=Due to its high melting point, tungsten is suitable for aerospace and high temperature uses which include drilling, electrical, heating, and welding applications.| obtained=Tungsten is found in the minerals [[wolframite ]], [[scheelite]], [[ferberite]] and [[hübnerite]]. The metal is commercially produced by reducing tungsten oxide with [[hydrogen]] or [[carbon]].. }}

[[Category:Elements]]
[[Category:Metals]]

'''Tungsten''' is a very dense, grayish-silver metal. Its [[density]] is virtually the same (to three decimal places) as [[gold]]. It also has the highest [[melting point]] of all metals, and at temperatures over 1650°C, the highest tensile strength. The metal oxidizes in air and needs to be protected at higher temperatures. It has very good corrosion resistance and is corroded only slightly by most mineral [[acid]]s. Tungsten is exploited for its high [[melting point]] and [[density]], and that is reflected in its uses.

== Uses ==

Tungsten has a variety of uses from ballast weights for aircraft control panels, to filaments in light bulbs:

- Electrodes for welding

- Wire extrusion dies

- X-ray tube windows

- Armor piercing projectiles

- Shotgun shot

- Bucking bars

- Evaporation filaments and boats

Osmium

2009-03-23T00:26:44Z

JonR:

{{Element | name=Osmium | symbol=Os | anumber=76 | amass=190.2 amu | state=Solid | class=Transition Metals | cstructure=Hexagonal | color=Fine black powder or blue-gray solid | date=1803 | discname=Smithson Tennant and William Hyde Wollaston | origname=From the Greek ''osmê'', meaning ''odour'', due to its pungent smell. | uses=Used to tip gold pen points and instrument pivots (such as compass needles and clock bearings). Also used to make electric light filaments and for high temperature alloys and pressure bearings. | obtained=Produced as a by-product of [[nickel]] refining. }}

'''Osmium''' is a chemical [[element]] that is one of the [[platinum]] [[metal]]s. It is the densest of all the natural elements. Because pure osmium [[oxidize]]s to the extremely toxic osmium tetroxide, osmium is rarely used in its pure form. Osmium also has a very unique ability; it can apparently undergo osmosis. The unique electron structure of the Osmium3+ ion allows it to be pulled through a thin membrane to the other side, on the surface apparently similar to water undergoing osmosis. This ability to penetrate easily into the furthest reaches of the human body is what allows it to be so toxic to humans.<ref>Advanced Chemistry 'Chemical Storylines', Salters-Nuffield, 2001</ref>.

[[Category:Elements]]

Astatine

2009-03-23T00:22:22Z

JonR:

{{Element | name=Astatine | symbol=At | anumber=85 | amass=210 amu | noe=85 | class=Non-Metal | cstructure=Unknown | color=Unknown | date=1940 | discname=[[D. R. Corson]] | origname=From the Greek ''astatos''. | uses=Unknown | obtained=Man-made. }}

'''Astatine''' is extremely rare in nature, and in fact, there is only about an ounce (about a teaspoonful) in the earth's crust at any one moment! It may be prepared in the lab, but in very small quantities. Not much is known about the physical properties of astatine because of its rarity and short [[half-life]]. One may speculate that it would react similarly to [[iodine]], and following the periodic trend, astatine would presumably sublimate into a dark purple or blue gas, and have a dark metallic luster when solid.

== Uses ==

Astatine is far too rare to have any uses, but some researchers think that astatine would behave like [[iodine]]. If so, it could be used to treat certain diseases of the thyroid, such as thyroid cancer. When swallowed, the astatine would go to the thyroid. There, the [[radiation]] it gives off would kill cancer cells in the gland.

Astatine

2009-03-23T00:22:01Z

JonR:

{{Element | name=Astatine | symbol=At | anumber=85 | amass=210 amu | noe=85 | class=Non-Metal | cstructure=Unknown | color=Unknown | date=1940 | discname=[[D. R. Corson]] | origname=From the Greek ''astatos''. | uses=Unknown | obtained=Man-made. }}

Astatine is extremely rare in nature, and in fact, there is only about an ounce (about a teaspoonful) in the earth's crust at any one moment! It may be prepared in the lab, but in very small quantities. Not much is known about the physical properties of astatine because of its rarity and short [[half-life]]. One may speculate that it would react similarly to [[iodine]], and following the periodic trend, astatine would presumably sublimate into a dark purple or blue gas, and have a dark metallic luster when solid.

== Uses ==

Astatine is far too rare to have any uses, but some researchers think that astatine would behave like [[iodine]]. If so, it could be used to treat certain diseases of the thyroid, such as thyroid cancer. When swallowed, the astatine would go to the thyroid. There, the [[radiation]] it gives off would kill cancer cells in the gland.

Fluorine

2009-03-22T23:59:17Z

JonR:

{{Element | name=Fluorine | symbol=F | anumber=9 | amass=19.0 amu | noe=9 | class=Halogen | cstructure=Cubic | color=Green | date=1886 | discname=[[Joseph Henri Moissan]] | origname=From the Latin word ''fluo'' (flow) | uses=Refrigerants | obtained=Mineral fluorite}}

'''Fluorine''' is the lightest member of the [[halogen]] elements, or Group VIIa of the periodic table. It is also the most reactive chemical element. Fluorine is so dangerous that it must be stored in steel containers, and even then it reacts with the steel. Fortunately, the layer of fluoride that is formed is unreactive, and prevents it from reacting further. Fluorine is a component of many drugs, and its [[radioisotope]] is used in functional brain imaging and bone scans. Under ordinary conditions, pure fluorine is a [[gas]] with a pale yellow color. <ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9034677 ''Fluorine'']</ref>

== Uses ==

The element is used in producing isotopically fractionated uranium from uranium hexafluoride (UF6). Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is extensively used for etching the glass of light bulbs, and other glass products.

==References==
<references />

Fluorine

2009-03-22T23:58:59Z

JonR:

Gallium

2009-03-22T23:50:26Z

JonR:

{{Element | name=Gallium| symbol=Ga | anumber=31| amass=69.7 amu | noe=31| class=Other Metals | cstructure=Orthorhombic | color=White/silver| date=1875 | discname=[[Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran]] | origname=From the Latin word ''Gallia'', the old name of France | uses=Semiconductor production | obtained=Bauxite, germanite, coal}}
[[Category:Metals]]

'''Gallium''' is a silvery-white metal used in high-speed semiconductors and [[LED]]s in the form of gallium arsenide (GaAs). The pure metal is somewhat brittle, and has a very low melting point of 29.78° [[Celsius]] (85.2° [[Fahrenheit]]). It will melt in your hand if held long enough, but this is not recommended because it stains hands and is difficult to get off.

== Uses ==

It is used in some thermometers in the form of an alloy of gallium, [[indium]], and [[tin]]. The reason this alloy is used in thermometers is because it’s a liquid at room temperature and therefore can be used as an alternative to [[mercury (element)]], which is poisonous.

Gallium

2009-03-22T23:49:41Z

JonR:

{{Element | name=Gallium| symbol=Ga | anumber=31| amass=69.7 amu | noe=31| class=Other Metals | cstructure=Orthorhombic | color=White/silver| date=1875 | discname=[[Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran]] | origname=From the Latin word ''Gallia'', the old name of France | uses=Semiconductor production | obtained=Bauxite, germanite, coal}}
[[Category:Metals]]

'''Gallium''' is a silvery-white metal used in high-speed semiconductors and [[LED]]s in the form of gallium arsenide (GaAs). The pure metal is somewhat brittle, has a very low melting point of 29.78° [[Celsius]] (85.2° [[Fahrenheit]]). It will melt in your hand if held long enough, but this is not recommended because it stains hands and is difficult to get off.

== Uses ==

It is used in some thermometers in the form of an alloy of gallium, [[indium]], and [[tin]]. The reason this alloy is used in thermometers is because it’s a liquid at room temperature and therefore can be used as an alternative to [[mercury (element)]], which is poisonous.

Gallium

2009-03-22T23:47:55Z

JonR:

{{Element | name=Gallium| symbol=Ga | anumber=31| amass=69.7 amu | noe=31| class=Other Metals | cstructure=Orthorhombic | color=White/silver| date=1875 | discname=[[Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran]] | origname=From the Latin word ''Gallia'', the old name of France | uses=Semiconductor production | obtained=Bauxite, germanite, coal}}
[[Category:Metals]]

Gallium is a silvery-white metal used in high-speed semiconductors and [[LED]]s in the form of gallium arsenide (GaAs). The pure metal is somewhat brittle, has a very low melting point of 29.78° [[Celsius]] (85.2° [[Fahrenheit]]). It will melt in your hand if held long enough, but this is not recommended because it stains hands and is difficult to get off.

== Uses ==

It is used in some thermometers in the form of an alloy of gallium, [[indium]], and [[tin]]. The reason this alloy is used in thermometers is because it’s a liquid at room temperature and therefore can be used as an alternative to [[mercury (element)]], which is poisonous.

Gallium

2009-03-22T23:35:23Z

JonR:

{{Element | name=Gallium| symbol=Ga | anumber=31| amass=69.7 amu | noe=31| class=Other Metals | cstructure=Orthorhombic | color=White/silver| date=1875 | discname=[[Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran]] | origname=From the Latin word ''Gallia'', the old name of France | uses=Semiconductor production | obtained=Bauxite, germanite, coal}}
[[Category:Metals]]

Gallium is a silvery-white metal used in high-speed semiconductors and [[LED]]s in the form of gallium arsenide (GaAs). The pure metal is somewhat brittle, has a very low melting point of 29.78° [[Celsius]] (85.2° [[Fahrenheit]]). It will melt in your hand if held long enough, but this is not recommended because it stains hands and is difficult to get off.

== Uses ==

It is used in some thermometers in the form of an alloy of gallium, [[indium]], and [[tin]]. The reason this alloy is used in thermometers is because it’s a liquid at room temperature and therefore can be used as an alternative to [[mercury]], which is poisonous.

Gallium

2009-03-22T23:26:54Z

JonR:

Gallium

2009-03-22T23:26:30Z

JonR:

{{Element | name=Gallium| symbol=Ga | anumber=31| amass=69.7 amu | noe=31| class=Other Metals | cstructure=Orthorhombic | color=White/silver| date=1875 | discname=[[Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran]] | origname=From the Latin word ''Gallia'', the old name of France | uses=Semiconductor production | obtained=Bauxite, germanite, coal}}
[[Category:Metals]]

Gallium is a silvery-white metal used in high-speed semiconductors and LEDs in the form of gallium arsenide (GaAs). The pure metal is somewhat brittle, has a very low melting point of 29.78° Celsius (85.2° Fahrenheit). It will melt in your hand if held long enough, but this is not recommended because it stains hands and is difficult to get off.

It is used in some thermometers in the form of an alloy of gallium, indium, and tin. The reason this alloy is used in thermometers is because it’s a liquid at room temperature and therefore can be used as an alternative to mercury, which is poisonous.

Talk:Gallium

2009-03-22T23:25:21Z

JonR: Removing all content from page

Talk:Gallium

2009-03-22T23:24:56Z

JonR: New page: Gallium is a silvery-white metal used in high-speed semiconductors and LEDs in the form of gallium arsenide (GaAs). The pure metal is somewhat brittle, has a very low melting point of 29....

Gallium is a silvery-white metal used in high-speed semiconductors and LEDs in the form of gallium arsenide (GaAs). The pure metal is somewhat brittle, has a very low melting point of 29.78° Celsius (85.2° Fahrenheit). It will melt in your hand if held long enough, but this is not recommended because it stains hands and is difficult to get off.

It is used in some thermometers in the form of an alloy of gallium, indium, and tin. The reason this alloy is used in thermometers is because it’s a liquid at room temperature and therefore can be used as an alternative to mercury, which is poisonous.

World History Homework Seven Answers - Student Fourteen

2009-03-21T01:19:40Z

JonR: New page: Jonathan R. 1. Approximately when and where did the Renaissance occur? The Renaissance took place around the 1300s, and continued until the 1600s. It began in Florence, Italy, and sprea...

Jonathan R.

1. Approximately when and where did the Renaissance occur? The Renaissance took place around the 1300s, and continued until the 1600s. It began in Florence, Italy, and spread across Europe. Renaissance in French means “rebirth”.

2. Martin Luther: who was he, what did he do, and when did he do it? Martin Luther was a monk and a theologian, but before he became a monk, he was greeted with a terrifying experience: a lightning bolt struck the ground near him, and for protection, he called out to St. Anne and promised to become a monk if he survived the storm. Of course, he did survive the storm, and he left his law school and joined an Augustinian monastery. The answer to what he did: he saw many flaws in the Catholic Church, and nailed "The 95 Theses" to the door of the Wittenberg Church to notify them of all the corrupted things it was doing like selling indulgences to fund the Church.

3. What was the Baroque style, and what was its motivation? Baroque is an art style that includes stuff like dramatic and large-scale type paintings. Some of its popular artists were Rembrandt and Rubens. The time period that this style occupied was about 1600 – 1700. This style was introduced at the tail end of the Renaissance, and was succeeded by an art style called Rococo (1700 – 1800), which included a light playful subject matter.

4. Summarize the history of the English language. The English language basically went through three phases to get close to where it is today: Old English (Anglo-Saxon), which is a very hard-to-understand language. Then came Middle English, which is readable, but sketchy in some areas. Then there is Modern English, which is what was used in Shakespeare’s days, but there has been much improvement since then.

H1. What are the particular strengths and advantages of the English language? The first advantage is its compact alphabet, which is an issue for the Chinese language. Could you imagine typing or even texting with it? You would need a phone keypad with ''at least'' a square foot of just buttons! The second advantage is that it’s phonetic: you can spell a word by sounding it out in letters most of the time.

6. Why did the Renaissance occur in Europe, and not in other areas of the world, such as Asia? Well, let’s define Renaissance first. It was a renewed interest in classical Greek and Roman civilization, in learning, in culture, and in art. And even its name means “rebirth”. In Asia, they were already interested in advancing themselves, and they didn’t have a “classical Greek and Roman civilization” to return to, so there was almost no way there could have been any spark of that in Asia.

7. Current events: Who would you describe as "Machiavellian" today, and why? This was probably expected, but I think Obama fits the category quite well. I’ve noted that he has been quoted many times talking about “the future of America” as being something great (and saying it as if it was only something that could be accomplished with him in office); that it is his goal for America now, and it would seem that he will mess up just about anything to do so: claiming he is a Christian supposedly to get more Christians to vote for him, support of abortion which is abhorrent murder (no matter what your view of it is), using race-baiting, so that if you were thinking about not voting for him, you’d feel like a racist.

World History Homework Six Answers - Student Seventeen

2009-03-14T02:06:19Z

JonR: New page: Jonathan R. 1. Identify the time period of the Middle Ages, and when the Crusades occurred within that period. The Middle Ages was a period of time between A.D. 500 to 1500. The crusades...

Jonathan R.

1. Identify the time period of the Middle Ages, and when the Crusades occurred within that period. The Middle Ages was a period of time between A.D. 500 to 1500. The crusades took place between A.D. 1096 to 1291.

2. Who conquered the largest contiguous region in world history, and when? Chinggis (Genghis) Khan dominated the most land in history from 1206 to 1227. He is regarded as a military genius by many historians today.

3. Which of these modern countries were able to establish nation-states in the Middle Ages, and which were not: Germany, France, England and Italy? France, and England were able to establish nation-states, while Germany and Italy were not due to failure to cooperate and infighting between city-states.

4. Pick your favorite medieval architecture and describe something about it. I like the Gothic style because it has an open look, and that makes it interesting to the eye. It also includes a labyrinth, which is a maze-like channel of hallways.

H3. Do you think Joan of Arc had a calling from God? I do not think she was called directly by God, but maybe she had problems with things in her life that made her want to do something of value, and being the leader of the French army may have been just that. I am most likely wrong about this matter, but this is my view of it.

6. Pick your favorite aspect of Scholasticism, and describe something about it, or your view of it. My favorite aspect of this was that it uses careful thinking…but this is not all, it triggered a thought in my mind: I couldn’t think of any religion other than Christianity that could stand up to a logical test.

7. Current events: What was the biggest effect of the Crusades in the Middle Ages, and why do people avoid using the term "Crusade" today? It aided in ending the Middle Ages, which is sort of an “effect” on it. It also strengthened Christianity and most likely made the Christians feel more unified.

World History Homework Five Answers - Student Seventeen

2009-03-07T03:49:48Z

JonR:

Jonathan R.

1. List the "Five Pillars of Islam."

1. Submission: submission to Allah is a great part of this religion, and it also signifies that there is no love or understanding between people and Allah.

2. Prayer: Muslims are expected to pray at least five times a day while facing Mecca.

3. Fasting: an expected withdrawal from food for the entire month of Ramadan. Fasting supposedly strengthens the body and soul.

4. Almsgiving: Muslims must donate to the poor.

5. Pilgrimage: a hajj, or pilgrimage, to Mecca must be made at least once in a Muslim’s lifetime.

2. How is Islam different from Christianity? Islam capitalizes on submission to Allah, which requires no faith or love. Because of the simplicity of the logic of the religion, it has more appeal to less intelligent people. As with Christianity, it requires a deep understanding of how and why God loves us, and why He chose to let His son die to rid us of our sins. Christianity is not as simple as the Islamic religion.

3. Charles the Hammer, Pepin the Short, and Charlemagne: which one is your favorite, and why? Charles the Hammer is my favorite because he defended and saved Christian Europe against seizure by Muslim invasions in the Battle of Tours in 732.

4. Describe what you like about Feudalism in Western Europe. Feudalism, to me, almost seemed like a light in these so-called Dark Ages, because it was very simple: A lord owns the land, his manor, and is above the Vassals, who are in charge of the Serfs, or peasants who manage the fields. Everyone had their own weapons in case of war, and there was great prosperity when Feudalism was practiced correctly.

5. Explain the difference between the Sunnis and the Shiites, and give examples of one country controlled by each. The Sunnis are friendlier than the Shiites (or Shia or Shi'ites) are to Western countries like the United States, while the Shiites are generally more antagonistic toward the West. One of the countries that the Sunnis control is Saudi Arabia, and the Shiites have Iran.

6. Current events: Comment on the table of Islamic populations by country. Do you notice anything interesting about it? There are very few countries near 50% population of Muslims. This is because it is simple to convert someone to Islam, but hard to go back, so after about 50%, the Muslim population starts to increase exponentially.

H3. What is your view of "chivalry"? I strongly believe that chivalry is a good thing, and that if people become more comfortable practicing it, maybe it would be easier to stand up when that woman walks in the room, or help that girl carry those books, or boxes, etc. If we could get a whole class of 50+ students to adhere to this, I don’t know what effects it would have outside the class, but it can’t be bad.

World History Homework Five Answers - Student Seventeen

2009-03-07T03:49:28Z

JonR: New page: Jonathan R. 1. List the "Five Pillars of Islam." 1. Submission: submission to Allah is a great part of this religion, and it also signifies that there is no love or understanding betwee...

Jonathan R.

1. List the "Five Pillars of Islam."

1. Submission: submission to Allah is a great part of this religion, and it also signifies that there is no love or understanding between people and Allah.
2. Prayer: Muslims are expected to pray at least five times a day while facing Mecca.
3. Fasting: an expected withdrawal from food for the entire month of Ramadan. Fasting supposedly strengthens the body and soul.
4. Almsgiving: Muslims must donate to the poor.
5. Pilgrimage: a hajj, or pilgrimage, to Mecca must be made at least once in a Muslim’s lifetime.

2. How is Islam different from Christianity? Islam capitalizes on submission to Allah, which requires no faith or love. Because of the simplicity of the logic of the religion, it has more appeal to less intelligent people. As with Christianity, it requires a deep understanding of how and why God loves us, and why He chose to let His son die to rid us of our sins. Christianity is not as simple as the Islamic religion.

3. Charles the Hammer, Pepin the Short, and Charlemagne: which one is your favorite, and why? Charles the Hammer is my favorite because he defended and saved Christian Europe against seizure by Muslim invasions in the Battle of Tours in 732.

4. Describe what you like about Feudalism in Western Europe. Feudalism, to me, almost seemed like a light in these so-called Dark Ages, because it was very simple: A lord owns the land, his manor, and is above the Vassals, who are in charge of the Serfs, or peasants who manage the fields. Everyone had their own weapons in case of war, and there was great prosperity when Feudalism was practiced correctly.

5. Explain the difference between the Sunnis and the Shiites, and give examples of one country controlled by each. The Sunnis are friendlier than the Shiites (or Shia or Shi'ites) are to Western countries like the United States, while the Shiites are generally more antagonistic toward the West. One of the countries that the Sunnis control is Saudi Arabia, and the Shiites have Iran.

6. Current events: Comment on the table of Islamic populations by country. Do you notice anything interesting about it? There are very few countries near 50% population of Muslims. This is because it is simple to convert someone to Islam, but hard to go back, so after about 50%, the Muslim population starts to increase exponentially.

H3. What is your view of "chivalry"? I strongly believe that chivalry is a good thing, and that if people become more comfortable practicing it, maybe it would be easier to stand up when that woman walks in the room, or help that girl carry those books, or boxes, etc. If we could get a whole class of 50+ students to adhere to this, I don’t know what effects it would have outside the class, but it can’t be bad.

World History Homework Four Answers - Student Seventeen

2009-02-27T02:21:39Z

JonR: New page: Jonathan R. 1. Who is your favorite Roman emperor, and why? I don’t quite have a “favorite”, so I will tell about a good one that I find interesting…Diocletian was a sort of nutt...

Jonathan R.

1. Who is your favorite Roman emperor, and why? I don’t quite have a “favorite”, so I will tell about a good one that I find interesting…Diocletian was a sort of nutty character, thinking that he could suppress Christianity by ordering them to worship him. And also trying to avoid taxation, he required farmers to stay on their land and other workers to stay in their jobs for the rest of their lives.

H6. Attila the Hun: discuss this remarkable person. Attila the Hun was absolutely stunning to the Roman Empire. He could have taken all of it, and there are theories as to why he didn’t, some being that he didn’t think the Romans to be a worthy opponent, or maybe he felt bad for them. No one knows for sure why he made the choice he did. He, being a great warrior, choked to death on a mere nosebleed at the age of 47.

3. Compare and contrast the Roman Empire in the West with the Byzantine Empire. The Western Roman Empire had been ruled by Constantine, who converted to Christianity, then made it the official religion of Rome. He then went on to fight the ruler of the eastern half in A.D. 314. Constantine defeated the East, killing it’s emperor, Licinius, uniting both halves into one very powerful Roman Empire…..The Byzantine Empire was always the wealthier of the two, and Western Rome declined to some extent because of economic reasons, while the Eastern half fell to an attack during a weakened complex governmental system.

4. Comment on the significance of the Roman language, Latin. Latin is an extremely powerful language because it has powerful meanings to its words; thus, a more powerful society. It also explains abstract nouns, and the like, with ease.

5. Explain what Pax Romana was. First of all, Pax Romana is Latin for “the Roman peace.” This was a period of peace in Rome under the “Five Good Emperors” from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180. The five emperors were: Nerva, Trajan (who ruled over more land than anyone), Hadrian (who built defensive walls), Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius.

6. Current events question: What about the decline of the Roman empire reminds you of the United States today? A weak leader may be cause for concern in any situation, and Rome’s last emperor was a mere nine-year-old named Romulus Augustus. We may want keep tabs on how our new President handles the problem we currently have.

7. Challenging question (choose "a" or "b"):
(a) all of world history so far in this course can be attributed either to God paving the way for Jesus, or the devil creating obstacles for Him. Discuss.
(b) there should be an entire course taught about Christianity overcame the anti-Christian Roman empire. Discuss why.

(b) I think this question is two sides of the same coin: God is always paving the way for his plan because that’s where everything will end up anyway. The other half of this question is irrelevant because Satan can only create obstacles for individual humans, not for God, as my understanding of the question would imply.

World History Homework One Answers - Student Twenty

2009-02-06T03:04:47Z

JonR: New page: JonathanR 1. What do you hope to accomplish with this course? I like applying what I learn to everyday life, and I think during these times that we live in, World History will really help...

JonathanR

1. What do you hope to accomplish with this course?
I like applying what I learn to everyday life, and I think during these times that we live in, World History will really help.

2. Look at the estimated dates in the three tables. Pick any one that you dispute, or are most interested in, and discuss it briefly.
I am most interested in the time around the Tower of Babel because that was a very defining moment in linguistic diversity (God splitting the people into many different languages).

3. Write about any aspect of Hammurabi's Code, such as its similarity or differences with the Ten Commandments, or its role in making the society (which society was it?) a success.
I think it is similar to the Golden Rule, but it is an exaggerated and irrational version. If this law was less harsh, they might have grasped the Golden Rule, and that could have lead to a better Babylon.

4. List the major ancient empires from the lecture in approximate chronological order, and identify which one you like best, and why.
Mesopotamia - about 3500 B.C.
Egypt - about 3100 B.C.
Babylon - about 2300 B.C.
Israel - 1010 B.C.
I like Mesopotamia because of its mystery, prosperity, and also the geography: placed between two rivers that bring fertile soil to it.

5. Current Events Question: What controversy today can be traced back in origin to something in this week's lecture, such as current Middle East conflicts?
I really like the way that the Bible documents The story of Abram (later, Abraham), and his two sons, Ishmael and Isaac. In addition, I also like the way the conflict carries over up until now. (no, I do not like the conflict itself, just the story.)

6. Describe the three kingdoms of ancient Egypt, and mention what you like most about the culture or achievements of ancient Egypt.
The Old Kingdom (3100-2200 B.C.)
The Middle Kingdom (2100-1650 B.C.)
The New Kingdom (1550-700 B.C.)
What I like most about the achievements of ancient Egypt is the pyramids and their devotion to their leaders, except for treating them like "gods."

American History Homework Thirteen Answers - Student 31

2008-12-19T02:58:42Z

JonR:

JonathanR

1. What is your favorite period of time in American history, and why? I don’t have a “favorite,” but I can mention one. 1945 – 1991. I really do like the Cold War and I think I mentioned some of my reasons in the last homework, but there are more, like the expansion of technology, and more uses for computers.

2. Contrast President Ronald Reagan with President Bill Clinton. Ronald Reagan was a very tenacious and stubborn man, but this was his power and it helped with the “Star Wars” plan, and many other things. Bill Clinton was a sort of a ‘lazy president,’ letting his decisions to be won over to whoever could make him happiest.

3. What would you say is the most important trend or trends guiding American history? Important trends don’t necessarily mean good ones, and the “theory of evolution” is one of those trends that is getting America into terrible things (I think we should be having more “Scopes’ trials”).

4. What is the most important threat to the future of America? Cite history to support your view. Atheism and Karma. Atheism is the belief that there is no God, and Karma is a philosophy of sorts that simply states: what goes around comes around. But this is all wrong because no fair judgment ‘comes around,’ it comes directly from God with no turns on the way. This is a very precarious position that America is in right now, leaning on the philosophies of man. And I state from Casting Crown’s “While You Were Sleeping”:
United States of America Looks like another silent night, As we're sung to sleep by philosophies That save the trees and kill the children.

H4. What is your view of the government spying on its own citizens, such as authorized by the Patriot Act? I see it as this: If you look suspicious or are acting suspiciously, the government has the right to spy on you for a certain period of time (i.e. weeks, months etc.), and if they don’t get the information they were looking for, then they may question you (interrogate).

6. Describe two of the greatest achievements of Ronald Reagan. Star Wars program which scared the Russians to the point where they thought we were bluffing, and the Berlin wall, where President Reagan told Mr. Gorbachev to tear down his wall with just one sentence, and it worked. I bet everyone had these answers .

7. Explain during which century you think this map was drawn, and comment how America's achievements may have met or exceeded the expectations of the cartographer or other people of his time. I would imagine this map being from the mid-1400s, to the mid-1500s. Also North America is very small here due to lack of exploration. I think that if the cartographer (map-maker) could have seen America today, I think it would most definitely impress him on how large prosperous this “little patch of land” that he saw it to be, actually was.

American History Homework Thirteen Answers - Student 31

2008-12-19T02:57:59Z

JonR: New page: JonathanR 1. What is your favorite period of time in American history, and why? I don’t have a “favorite,” but I can mention one. 1945 – 1991. I really do like the Cold War and...

American History Homework Twelve Answers - Student 30

2008-12-14T00:34:28Z

JonR: Finally. sorry.

JonathanR

1. Who were the main protagonists in the "Cold War", and what was the period of this "war"? America and Russia, and the war went from 1945 to 1991…I like this war in particular because it was the main motion towards spy movies, and spy gadgets.

2. Identify the two wars that caused over 50,000 American deaths which occurred between 1945 and 1980, and briefly state your view of the American role in those wars. Do you agree with our acceptance of the outcomes? The Vietnam War and the Korean War. In the Korean War, America was trying to stop the spread of the Chinese Communists into Korea.

3. Pick an aspect of the Civil Rights Movement that impressed you most, and explain why. I was very impressed with the “sit-ins,” and how cunning that idea was when I really thought about it.

4. President Lyndon Johnson is known best for two things. Pick one and explain why, providing a specific example to support your answer. He is known for starting The Vietnam War. He started this war out of his own self-centered plan to become President. He did this by creating a conflict of sorts in Vietnam to enhance the support from the public.

H3. Your view of the ERA, please. I believe that the ERA was a terrible idea because not only did it have bad motives, it purposely had a misguiding name, and amendments aren’t even supposed to have names. ERA is evil to me for the reason that it gives people the right to kill babies, and quite frankly, that’s not fair to them. They have the God given right to live.

6. Who do you think was the most important person between 1945 and 1980 in American history, and why? Ronald Reagan because he introduced the “Star Wars” plan to intercept any missiles. The Soviets tried to strike a deal with Reagan, but he declined the offer because he knew that the U.S. having the technology for this actually scared the Soviets.

H5. General MacArthur's Inchon Landing: unconventional but logical thinking by a homeschooler that you've seen before? Discuss in any way you like. I believe I’ve seen this scenario from Thomas Edison because he knew that burning gas lamps was the conventional way of bringing light to a place. He also knew that there was another way to do just that, but he actually had to work to get it. He did finally get his light bulb to work with a carbon filament (we now use tungsten because it’s stronger).

American History Homework Eleven Answers - Student 31

2008-12-04T17:51:13Z

JonR:

JonathanR

1. This course is mostly over. Can you now identify a value in learning history? There are many, but the one that was most obvious to me is that you can look back and identify patterns (such as the swings in the parties of the presidents, which are surprisingly predictable).

2. Was the United States right to enter World War II, and should we have entered sooner or later? I think the United States was spot on in the time of entering the war because:

1. The Japanese attacked us, and due to their religious obligations, they weren’t going to stop. fighting.
2. The war sited an end to The Great Depression.

3. Which of the approaches in American history towards immigration do you like best, and why? I would encourage immigration to a point, and maybe allow a monthly or yearly limit to how many immigrants would be let in. But I would naturally discourage illegal immigration.

4. Pick out something from the "Roaring Twenties" and describe what you like about it. I like the advancement in music because without that, we'd all be listening a thousand or so different waltzes on our ipods...Thanks Scott (Joplin).

5. What is your view of the New Deal, and what might you have done differently in response to the Great Depression? The New Deal to me was a kind of false hope because government tried to make more jobs for people, but more than 1 out of 4 people were unemployed, and I just cannot see the government doing that.

6. Do you think we should have dropped the atomic bombs on Japan? Explain. Yes. I believe that we should have, for the reason that if we had kept on fighting, more deaths would have risen for both sides of the war.

7. Please interpret and explain the cartoon, including an estimate of its date. (It was published by a paper in New Jersey years ago.) I can’t quite put my finger on the date of this one (maybe the mid 80s?), but I can tell you that this cartoon encompasses the House and Senate “giving” the President more power to dictate. But there is a problem; they made that stick way too big. I also like how it alludes to T.R.’s Big Stick quote.

American History Homework Eleven Answers - Student 31

2008-12-04T17:50:54Z

JonR:

JonathanR

1. This course is mostly over. Can you now identify a value in learning history? There are many, but the one that was most obvious to me is that you can look back and identify patterns (such as the swings in the parties of the presidents, which are surprisingly predictable).

2. Was the United States right to enter World War II, and should we have entered sooner or later? I think the United States was spot on in the time of entering the war because:

1. The Japanese attacked us, and due to their religious obligations, they weren’t going to stop fighting.
2. The war sited an end to The Great Depression.

3. Which of the approaches in American history towards immigration do you like best, and why? I would encourage immigration to a point, and maybe allow a monthly or yearly limit to how many immigrants would be let in. But I would naturally discourage illegal immigration.

4. Pick out something from the "Roaring Twenties" and describe what you like about it. I like the advancement in music because without that, we'd all be listening a thousand or so different waltzes on our ipods...Thanks Scott (Joplin).

5. What is your view of the New Deal, and what might you have done differently in response to the Great Depression? The New Deal to me was a kind of false hope because government tried to make more jobs for people, but more than 1 out of 4 people were unemployed, and I just cannot see the government doing that.

6. Do you think we should have dropped the atomic bombs on Japan? Explain. Yes. I believe that we should have, for the reason that if we had kept on fighting, more deaths would have risen for both sides of the war.

7. Please interpret and explain the cartoon, including an estimate of its date. (It was published by a paper in New Jersey years ago.) I can’t quite put my finger on the date of this one (maybe the mid 80s?), but I can tell you that this cartoon encompasses the House and Senate “giving” the President more power to dictate. But there is a problem; they made that stick way too big. I also like how it alludes to T.R.’s Big Stick quote.

American History Homework Eleven Answers - Student 31

2008-12-04T17:49:16Z

JonR: New page: JonathanR 1. This course is mostly over. Can you now identify a value in learning history? There are many, but the one that was most obvious to me is that you can look back and identify ...

JonathanR

1. This course is mostly over. Can you now identify a value in learning history? There are many, but the one that was most obvious to me is that you can look back and identify patterns (such as the swings in the parties of the presidents, which are surprisingly predictable).

2. Was the United States right to enter World War II, and should we have entered sooner or later? I think the United States was spot on in the time of entering the war because:

1. The Japanese attacked us, and due to their religious obligations, they weren’t going to stop fighting.
2. The war sited an end to The Great Depression.

3. Which of the approaches in American history towards immigration do you like best, and why? I would encourage immigration to a point, and maybe allow a monthly or yearly limit to how many immigrants would be let in. But I would naturally discourage illegal immigration.

4. Pick out something from the "Roaring Twenties" and describe what you like about it. I like the advancement in music because without that, we'd all be listening a thousand or so different waltzes on our ipods...Thanks Scott (Joplin).

5. What is your view of the New Deal, and what might you have done differently in response to the Great Depression? The New Deal to me was a kind of false hope because government tried to make more jobs for people, but more than 1 out of 4 people were unemployed, and I just cannot see the government doing that.

6. Do you think we should have dropped the atomic bombs on Japan? Explain. Yes. I believe that we should have, for the reason that if we had kept on fighting, more deaths would have risen for both sides of the war.

7. Please interpret and explain the cartoon, including an estimate of its date. (It was published by a paper in New Jersey years ago.) I can’t quite put my finger on the date of this one (maybe the mid 80s?), but I can tell you that this cartoon encompasses the House and Senate “giving” the President more power to dictate. But there is a problem; they made that stick way too big. I also like how it alludes to T.R.’s Big Stick quote.

American History Homework Ten Answers - Student 32

2008-11-22T00:55:54Z

JonR:

JonathanR

1. How could you have prepared better for the midterm exam, and which part of American history do you think you could improve most for next time? I think I could have prepared better by first, studying more (obviously), and taken more time to place different happenings (i.e. acts, compromises, wars, etc.) under the Presidents. And the parts of American history that I can improve for the final are probably, the acts of Congress, relative timelines, and finally, the positions of different parties (which brings me to the next question).

2. Which is your favorite question on the midterm exam that you missed, and what do you like about the question or subject matter? Question 15 of the boys’ exam. I was surprised that I had missed that one by such a wide margin, because I actually knew the answer, but I wrote down the wrong one anyway. Since then, I’ve let it go, but when I was reviewing my answer, I noticed that I circled the “III” (which was the wrong answer anyway), not realizing that I was to fill in the multiple choice under it. But now I look at it and laugh at myself.

3. Comment on any aspect of the Scopes Trial or the issues leading up to it, and/or can you compare it to any other influential trial in American history? I like the Scopes Trial because the two were so disagreeable with each other, and that Mr. Bryan spoke so relaxed and fluently (at least that’s the way he came across to me).

4. Do you think the United States should have entered World War I, and why? I believe we should have entered the war because the Japanese provoked our forces over in Pearl Harbor, and when you do that, you’re screaming “I want war.” But we also entered it for the wrong reason: just to help England fight off their own problem.

5. Your view of Teddy Roosevelt, please. I like him because he had a nice set of standards that he stuck to (he was a tenacious man), and he always had his mind set on something.

6. Pick one of the Constitutional Amendments 16 through 19, and express your understanding and view of it. The 18th amendment struck me as a good one to write about being that it tried to help fix the ties between families due to alcohol consumption (even though it was only in effect for a relatively short period). By banning alcohol, you create an environment where everyone wants to “stock up” on alcoholic products. And that doesn’t necessarily help, seeing your parents buying boxes of beer and such, in a rush to “have enough” for the coming prohibition.

7. Explain the cartoon. This cartoon was probably written around 1900-1910, because that was around when the Russo-Japanese war was going on. The cartoon depicts Theodore Roosevelt gripping what appears to be the Tsar of Russia’s, and the Japanese Emperor’s ears, in an effort to bring them to peace.

American History Homework Ten Answers - Student 32

2008-11-22T00:53:11Z

JonR: New page: JonathanR 1. How could you have prepared better for the midterm exam, and which part of American history do you think you could improve most for next time? I think I could have prepared ...

JonathanR

1. How could you have prepared better for the midterm exam, and which part of American history do you think you could improve most for next time? I think I could have prepared better by first, studying more (obviously), and taken more time to place different happenings (i.e. acts, compromises, wars, etc.) under the Presidents. And the parts of American history that I can improve for the final are probably, the acts of Congress, relative timelines, and finally, the positions of different parties (which brings me to the next question).

2. Which is your favorite question on the midterm exam that you missed, and what do you like about the question or subject matter? Question 15 of the boys’ exam. I was surprised that I had missed that one by such a wide margin, because I actually knew the answer, but I wrote down the wrong one anyway. Since then, I’ve let it go, but when I was reviewing my answer, I noticed that I circled the “III” (which was the wrong answer anyway), not realizing that I was to fill in the multiple choice under it. But now I look at it and laugh at myself.

3. Comment on any aspect of the Scopes Trial or the issues leading up to it, and/or can you compare it to any other influential trial in American history? I like the Scopes Trial because the two were so disagreeable with each other, and that Mr. Bryan spoke so relaxed and fluently (at least that’s the way he came across to me).

4. Do you think the United States should have entered World War I, and why? I believe we should have entered the war because the Japanese provoked our forces over in Pearl Harbor, and when you do that, you’re screaming “I want war.” But we also entered it for the wrong reason: just to help England fight off their own problem.

5. Your view of Teddy Roosevelt, please. I like him because he had a nice set of standards that he stuck to (he was a tenacious man), and he always had his mind set on something.

6. Pick one of the Constitutional Amendments 16 through 19, and express your understanding and view of it. The 18th amendment struck me as a good one to write about being that it tried to help fix the ties between families due to alcohol consumption (even though it was only in effect for a relatively short period). By banning alcohol, you create an environment where everyone wants to “stock up” on alcoholic products. And that doesn’t necessarily help, seeing your parents buying boxes of beer and such, in a rush to “have enough” for the coming prohibition.

7. Explain the cartoon. This cartoon was probably written around 1900-1910, because that was when the Russo-Japanese war was going on. The cartoon depicts Theodore Roosevelt gripping what appears to be the Tsar of Russia’s, and the Japanese Emperor’s ears, in an effort to bring them to peace.

American History Homework Nine Answers - Student 24

2008-11-14T03:35:36Z

JonR: New page: JonathanR 1. In your opinion, the 2008 election that concluded on Tuesday is most similar to which election in history, and why? I think it’s very similar to the election of 1861: ...

JonathanR

1. In your opinion, the 2008 election that concluded on Tuesday is most similar to which election in history, and why?
I think it’s very similar to the election of 1861: Lincoln against Douglas. The election is similar because the candidates had their share of differences, and also it was a change of parties, (Buchanan, Democrat, to Lincoln, Republican) much like this past election.

2. Imperialism: a good or bad thing?
Generally, it’s not. Specifically, it is. I like to compare imperialism to guns: guns can be used for good, but the outcome of that good is a death. Imperialism is like Manifest Destiny because it’s the expansion of our country, but not quite. We have already reached the West coast, so I see it as the proverbial “stretching” of our country’s “legs.”

3. Your thoughts on the progressive movement, please.
I like the progressive movement because it expanded more on “better government”, and I feel that if this had existed before 1850, when the Whig party collapsed, it could have been a middle ground between them, and the Federalists. So if you were going to have more government, you should have better government.

4. Please explain the cartoon in the Minnesota Tribune, having the caption at top, "WHAT WILL HE DO!" and the caption at the bottom, "The eyes of the world are upon him." Include your description of the point of view of the cartoonist.
The child that the man is holding represents the Philippines, and the man holding him is President McKinley. The meaning of this is the decision of whether to “throw” the Filipino people into Spain, where there is conflict, or to keep them in America where no one wants them. And the view of the cartoonist, I’m going to say is Democratic.

American History Homework Seven Answers - Student Nineteen

2008-11-01T19:44:29Z

JonR:

JonathanR

1. What was the ‘Gilded Age’? Gilding is a method of brushing on very thin films of different metals, like gold, to give the appearance of the metal as solid. The Gilded Age was the era towards the end of the 1880s. It was very similar to gilding being that on the outside, Wall Street looked like it was doing well, but on the inside there were very wealthy people called ‘robber barons.’ They got that way though underhanded, devious business practices. Jay Gould, a financer on Wall Street, was the worst ‘robber baron’ who committed extensive fraudulent acts by printing counterfeit stock certificates to dupe investors. And he tried to corner the gold market by hoarding huge amounts of it, and in doing so, driving the price up quite a bit and also causing a panic called Black Friday.

2. What do you like about Thomas Edison, and do you think homeschooling him created enormous wealth? I like the way he thought about work, and if we all thought about work that way, imagine where our society would be today. And to the latter question, I think that homeschooling gave him a sense of authority over his work. Had he been in a public school, he would have constantly been put down by his teacher, and no human being can stand that constant beating to their character. Whereas, a homeschooler has the advantage of a loving parent gently guiding you along with the kind of love and attention that no public school teacher can give. I do not think that homeschooling was the sole purpose of his success, but that God planned for him to be just that smart, and give us the inventions that we hold not as dear as we really should. So I thank God, then Thomas Edison for those inventions.

3. How do you think the frontier might have affected the views of Americans? I think that the Americans’ feeling of expanding their country gave them a sense of adventure, pride, and they probably had good feelings for the frontier.

4. What do you think is special about the United States that has made it the world leader in inventions? I think that the US is the leader in inventions because they were still pioneering new land and the people probably thought that there would be new jobs, but not enough people to do them. So an invention or two would have to be underway.

5. How influential do you think political cartoons really are? Give an example or two. They are pretty influential because I was reading through last week’s cartoons, and the ‘Chinese Question’ one struck me, and changed my line of thinking. Before the cartoon, I thought that Americans had every right to be angry with the Chinese, but after reading it I felt Americans should welcome them because ‘America means fair play for all men.’

6. Other than Thomas Edison, who do you think was the most influential person between 1877 and 1896? George Westinghouse Jr. He was an inventor that pioneered AC current as an alternative to Edison’s favored DC because there was a drawback to Edison’s plan for DC: the effective range for DC current was only three miles. In The Columbian Exhibition in Chicago in 1893, Westinghouse and his hired assistant Nikola Tesla made a big splash, and their AC was supreme; later, 95% of the public had AC power in their homes.

7. Please interpret the above cartoon, with special emphasis on explaining the images used and including a description of the point of view of the cartoonist.
The cartoon depicts the habit of using silver and gold as currency, but America can’t break that habit (get out of the quicksand) without a change from metal to paper (making it to prosperity). The artist was probably democratic.

American History Homework Seven Answers - Student Nineteen

2008-11-01T19:43:30Z

JonR: New page: JonathanR 1. What was the ‘Gilded Age’? Gilding is a method of brushing on very thin films of different metals, like gold, to give the appearance of the metal as solid. The Gilded ...

JonathanR

1. What was the ‘Gilded Age’? Gilding is a method of brushing on very thin films of different metals, like gold, to give the appearance of the metal as solid. The Gilded Age was the era towards the end of the 1880s. It was very similar to gilding being that on the outside, Wall Street looked like it was doing well, but on the inside there were very wealthy people called ‘robber barons.’ They got that way though underhanded, devious business practices. Jay Gould, a financer on Wall Street, was the worst ‘robber baron’ who committed extensive fraudulent acts by printing counterfeit stock certificates to dupe investors. And he tried to corner the gold market by hoarding huge amounts of it, and in doing so, driving the price up quite a bit and also causing a panic called Black Friday.
2. What do you like about Thomas Edison, and do you think homeschooling him created enormous wealth? I like the way he thought about work, and if we all thought about work that way, imagine where our society would be today. And to the latter question, I think that homeschooling gave him a sense of authority over his work. Had he been in a public school, he would have constantly been put down by his teacher, and no human being can stand that constant beating to their character. Whereas, a homeschooler has the advantage of a loving parent gently guiding you along with the kind of love and attention that no public school teacher can give. I do not think that homeschooling was the sole purpose of his success, but that God planned for him to be just that smart, and give us the inventions that we hold not as dear as we really should. So I thank God, then Thomas Edison for those inventions.
3. How do you think the frontier might have affected the views of Americans? I think that the Americans’ feeling of expanding their country gave them a sense of adventure, pride, and they probably had good feelings for the frontier.

4. What do you think is special about the United States that has made it the world leader in inventions? I think that the US is the leader in inventions because they were still pioneering new land and the people probably thought that there would be new jobs, but not enough people to do them. So an invention or two would have to be underway.

5. How influential do you think political cartoons really are? Give an example or two. They are pretty influential because I was reading through last week’s cartoons, and the ‘Chinese Question’ one struck me, and changed my line of thinking. Before the cartoon, I thought that Americans had every right to be angry with the Chinese, but after reading it I felt Americans should welcome them because ‘America means fair play for all men.’

6. Other than Thomas Edison, who do you think was the most influential person between 1877 and 1896? George Westinghouse Jr. He was an inventor that pioneered AC current as an alternative to Edison’s favored DC because there was a drawback to Edison’s plan for DC: the effective range for DC current was only three miles. In The Columbian Exhibition in Chicago in 1893, Westinghouse and his hired assistant Nikola Tesla made a big splash, and their AC was supreme; later, 95% of the public had AC power in their homes.

7. Please interpret the above cartoon, with special emphasis on explaining the images used and including a description of the point of view of the cartoonist.
The cartoon depicts the habit of using silver and gold as currency, but America can’t break that habit (get out of the quicksand) without a change from metal to paper (making it to prosperity). The artist was probably democratic.

American History Homework Six Answers - Student Nineteen

2008-10-24T01:58:20Z

JonR: New page: JonathanR 1. Was the main goal of the newly elected President Lincoln to end slavery, or save the Union? His goal was to save the Union, but in doing so he had to end slavery. Some say...

JonathanR

1. Was the main goal of the newly elected President Lincoln to end slavery, or save the Union? His goal was to save the Union, but in doing so he had to end slavery.

Some say that his “quest” to save the Union descended from his past as a railroad attorney, because if one track was broken, they are all broken.

2. Explain the purposes of the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments to the Constitution.

The 13th Amendment’s sole purpose was to ban slavery. It was ratified quickly.

The 14th Amendment protected the rights of citizens against interference by any State. It also protected Congress by giving it more power, and it protected former slaves. But lately it has been expanded to include repulsive and extraneous acts of power like that of abortion.

The 15th Amendment was created to protect the former slaves’ right to vote: “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. … The Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.”

3. Who was your favorite military figure from the Civil War, and why?

General Robert E. Lee, because even though he was offered command of the Union forces, he decided to represent his home state, Virginia (the side which I myself wouldn’t have supported). But he had a humongous say in the outcome of the war, for the reason that he could have taken charge of the Union and led them to defeat.

4. How would you have handled Reconstruction differently?

I wouldn’t have. That was an extraordinarily quick reconstruction period for that kind of trauma right after a huge war.

5. Abraham Lincoln was homeschooled. Do you see any characteristics in him that might have reflected his homeschooling, such as his independent thinking?

I do, and I don’t. I do see characteristics in him because he had a certain light-heartedness in hard situations (e.g. his letter to Gen. McClellan, or me with late American History HW). He probably had a better relationship with his parents and spent great amounts of time pursuing his educational interests. I don’t because a lot of people were homeschooled back then, and if anyone saw a distinguishable difference between him and a public school student, then almost everyone would be homeschooled today.

6. Please interpret the cartoon about the dream to the right. Its title is "Abraham's dream!--'Coming events cast their shadows before.'" Lincoln is fleeing to left while wearing a Scotsman's plaid cap and a cape. He declares, "This don't remind me of any joke!!"

The artist portrays Lincoln, tormented by nightmares of defeat in the election of 1864. The print probably appeared late in the campaign. Lincoln was said to have believed in the prophetic importance of dreams. He lies on a bed under a sheet embroidered with stars possibly symbolizing the states. In his dream, Columbia (a symbol of America), wielding the severed head of a black man, stands at the door of the White House. She sends a frightened Lincoln out of the White House with a kick. It is amazing that there was even an election with the Civil War still going on and a triumph for democracy because it was conducted in such a peaceful manner. The cap and cloak refer to an incident in 1861 before Lincoln's first inauguration. On being informed that an attempt would be made to assassinate him on his way to Washington, Lincoln took a night train and disguised himself in a large overcoat and hat. The press made the most of Lincoln's timidity, and it was widely reported that Lincoln was seen wearing a Scotch plaid cap and a very long military cloak. Lincoln also carries a rolled piece of paper that says "To whom it may concern.” On the right, General McClellan, who was running against Lincoln in the 1864 election, in his military uniform, climbs the steps to the White House, carrying a suitcase with his initials on it. This is probably part of Lincoln’s nightmare that McClellan would win.

7. Please interpret the cartoon with Columbia below. The caption is, "The Chinese Question." Columbia says, "Hands off, gentlemen. America means fair play for all men."

This scenario alludes to the Chinese workers being scorned by American citizens because the Chinese saw it a great opportunity to work in America. The problem with this is that the Chinese worker can work for much less pay, and the Americans couldn’t, so that made it an easy choice for employers. Columbia is warning the mob that “America means fair play for all men.”

American History Homework Five Answers - Student Nineteen

2008-10-16T17:02:02Z

JonR: New page: JonathanR 1. Imagine that someone by the name of Joe Biden lived in 1858. Imagine also that he belonged to the "Know Nothing Party." The following would be true about Mr. Biden EXCEPT: (...

JonathanR

1. Imagine that someone by the name of Joe Biden lived in 1858. Imagine also that he belonged to the "Know Nothing Party." The following would be true about Mr. Biden EXCEPT:
(a) He knew nothing about airplanes and automobiles.
(b) He welcomed immigrants into the United States.
(c) He belonged to a relatively new political party.
(d) He was probably not a member of the Republican Party.
(e) He could have lived in the State of California.

(b) He belonged to a relatively new political party in the 1850s called the “Know Nothing Party” which was anti-immigrant.

2. Identify at least two key positions of the Whig Party.
One of their goals was to create a national bank after Jackson vetoed it, and they also supported a strong federal action in dealing with national problems. They were similar to the Federalists.

3. What caused and what ended the Mexican War? What caused it was a dispute over the border of Texas?
Tensions were brewing for a while over the land in Texas. America sent soldiers to patrol the border, which angered the Mexicans. In 1846, while on patrol, Captain Seth Thornton and his troops were attacked by over 2000 Mexican soldiers. Polk got word of this and asked Congress to declare war. The war ended in 1848 when the American soldiers led by General Winfield Scott took Mexico City. The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo was signed after this and officially ended the war.
Mexicans said that the land was smaller than what the Americans thought. So to show the Mexicans where the border was, America sent out soldiers to patrol the border, and the Mexicans weren’t too happy about that
4. Who do you think was the most important person in the period 1840-1860, and why?
Henry Clay. He created two compromises: The Missouri Compromise, and The Compromise of 1850. Both of which were attempts to balance the Union

5. Explain what "Bleeding Kansas" was.
It was a name given to the skirmishes that had broken out between free and slave forces in Kansas, from the strain caused by “popular sovereignty” which was a proposal that stated that each state would decide whether or not they would be a free or slave state..

6. Explain the cartoon, and what you think the cartoonist's view was. The woman's quote begins, "You have been a bad boy, Steve, ever since you had anything to do with that Nebraska Bill ...."
With Uncle Sam is rallying her on, the symbol of America, Columbia is spanking Stephen Douglas for his part in the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 which repealed the Missouri Compromise (this had allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state and Maine as a free state.) It opened up the slave debate again in the territories on the basis of popular sovereignty. This cartoon was probably drawn in the 1850s. The cartoonist was obviously not in favor of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

7. Do you think it was possible to avoid the Civil War? Explain.
No. There were so many diverse factors that contributed to the Civil War that it seemed inevitable. Henry Clay’s compromises delayed the war, but they were like putting a bandaid on a severed limb. The problems were going to require a real solution.

American History Homework Four Answers - Student Eleven

2008-10-09T17:00:59Z

JonR:

JonathanR

1. What was the "Revolution of 1800"? The Revolution of 1800 was the first and most peaceful change of power to occur in modern history (from Federal to Democratic-Republican power in one election!) A peaceful exchange of power in governments was rare. Usually the change of power resulted in war within a country.

2. If you were the president, would you have approved the Louisiana Purchase? Explain. Yes. It was a great opportunity to expand, and the price was definitely right. One of the few down sides was that nobody knew what was out there, there could have been gold, or maybe it could have been a huge expanse of barren land. It was a gamble, but I think the odds were in America’s favor because America was still a baby country. Also, it would have been right next to France, which would have made conflict inevitable.

3. Identify a cause of the War of 1812. In 1807, big trouble arose when the British ordered that all trade from America to France must first stop at English ports, then proceed to France. (Doesn’t the year of the war have its own overture?)

4. Describe what you like most about the Monroe Administration. I like the fact that under his conservative leadership, the economy blossomed, and the time of his presidency was called the “Era of good feelings”. He had no opposition for his re-election in 1820. I also admire that he took a stand against Europe with the “Monroe Doctrine.” This gave our country time to grow and truly become independent. This was a clear statement that Europe should no longer be involved in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere Presidents today continue to refer to the “Monroe Doctrine” when Europe tries to interfere with dealings in the Western Hemisphere.

5. Explain what is meant by "Jacksonian Democracy." Jackson represented the “common man”. The upper class voters disliked Jackson as much as the middle and lower class liked him, and because his victory in the 1828 election was also a victory for Democracy, they called it the “Jacksonian Democracy”

6. Explain what the Marshall Court is known for. Most of the decisions made by this court increased the power of the government. John Marshall was a Federalist appointed by President John Adams who served for 35 years.

7. Identify the figures in the cartoon, provide an approximate date, and describe the likely viewpoint of the cartoonist: “John Bull” is England, the Bear (Bruin) is Russia, and “Columbia” is America. This occurred around the time of the war of 1812, and England wants to make a treaty with America: “Pray Mr Bruin try if you can make up this little Difference between us-The Wasps and Hornets have Stung me so hard I wish I had never disturbed their Nests.” Russia is trying to mediate the war: “Let me unite your hands Madam-Johny and I have been very friendly since I sent him my Fleet to take care of---“
And America is reluctant to make a treaty with England: “'Tho he has promised to draw his HORNS he must be safe bound to the Stake before I treat with him.”
The view of the cartoonist, William Charles, is probably in the eyes of America.

American History Homework Four Answers - Student Eleven

2008-10-09T17:00:41Z

JonR: New page: 1. What was the "Revolution of 1800"? The Revolution of 1800 was the first and most peaceful change of power to occur in modern history (from Federal to Democratic-Republican power in one ...

1. What was the "Revolution of 1800"? The Revolution of 1800 was the first and most peaceful change of power to occur in modern history (from Federal to Democratic-Republican power in one election!) A peaceful exchange of power in governments was rare. Usually the change of power resulted in war within a country.

2. If you were the president, would you have approved the Louisiana Purchase? Explain. Yes. It was a great opportunity to expand, and the price was definitely right. One of the few down sides was that nobody knew what was out there, there could have been gold, or maybe it could have been a huge expanse of barren land. It was a gamble, but I think the odds were in America’s favor because America was still a baby country. Also, it would have been right next to France, which would have made conflict inevitable.

3. Identify a cause of the War of 1812. In 1807, big trouble arose when the British ordered that all trade from America to France must first stop at English ports, then proceed to France. (Doesn’t the year of the war have its own overture?)

4. Describe what you like most about the Monroe Administration. I like the fact that under his conservative leadership, the economy blossomed, and the time of his presidency was called the “Era of good feelings”. He had no opposition for his re-election in 1820. I also admire that he took a stand against Europe with the “Monroe Doctrine.” This gave our country time to grow and truly become independent. This was a clear statement that Europe should no longer be involved in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere Presidents today continue to refer to the “Monroe Doctrine” when Europe tries to interfere with dealings in the Western Hemisphere.

5. Explain what is meant by "Jacksonian Democracy." Jackson represented the “common man”. The upper class voters disliked Jackson as much as the middle and lower class liked him, and because his victory in the 1828 election was also a victory for Democracy, they called it the “Jacksonian Democracy”

6. Explain what the Marshall Court is known for. Most of the decisions made by this court increased the power of the government. John Marshall was a Federalist appointed by President John Adams who served for 35 years.

7. Identify the figures in the cartoon, provide an approximate date, and describe the likely viewpoint of the cartoonist: “John Bull” is England, the Bear (Bruin) is Russia, and “Columbia” is America. This occurred around the time of the war of 1812, and England wants to make a treaty with America: “Pray Mr Bruin try if you can make up this little Difference between us-The Wasps and Hornets have Stung me so hard I wish I had never disturbed their Nests.” Russia is trying to mediate the war: “Let me unite your hands Madam-Johny and I have been very friendly since I sent him my Fleet to take care of---“
And America is reluctant to make a treaty with England: “'Tho he has promised to draw his HORNS he must be safe bound to the Stake before I treat with him.”
The view of the cartoonist, William Charles, is probably in the eyes of America.

American History Homework Three Answers - Student Twenty

2008-10-02T15:45:37Z

JonR:

JonathanR

1. Identify two weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. One weakness was that in trying to avoid having a strong central government, they went in the opposite direction and created a very weak one. Congress had power to raise an army and navy, make commercial treaties, borrow money, control currency, and levy assessments against the states but ultimately the states had all the power and could choose to ignore Congress’ requests. Another weakness was that we were left vulnerable to the rest of the world, because we didn’t have a strong government, and the states were fending for themselves. Britain was imposing trade restriction on America, and we couldn’t do anything about it.

2. Identify the first three Articles of the Constitution, and what each Article establishes.
Article 1: All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. This set up the Legislative Branch of our government.
Article 2: The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice-President chosen for the same Term, be elected. This set up the Executive Branch of our government.
Article 3: The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behavior, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services a Compensation which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office. This set up the Judicial Branch of our government.

3. Explain what you like most about George Washington. George Washington was so respected that he could have been king (imagine that), but he gave up that power for the good of the country.

4. Describe the most important invention of the 1790s, and its political impact. The cotton gin, invented by Eli Whitney, drastically reduced the need for slaves to separate the cotton seeds from the cotton, though they probably didn’t get rid of their slaves. It gave the South a large amount of economic power, and in turn, made the South the world’s supplier for cotton. This taste of power was one of the factors that lead to the Civil War. Thanks, Eli.

5. Explain the political view expressed by this week's cartoon, and which side of what issue the cartoonist likely represents. The columns representing Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, and Connecticut are in position, since they had already ratified the Constitution. Massachusetts is being put into position because they are about to ratify the Constitution. It gives the illustration that the coming together of these states in ratifying the Constitution is like the construction of a building. The strength of the building increases as the pillars are set in place. The cartoon was probably drawn around the time Massachusetts ratified the Constitution in 1788.

6. Describe two significant achievements of The Northwest Ordinance. The Northwest Ordinance set up rules for territories north of the Ohio River to become states: population requirements, republican form of government, and slavery was prohibited. Another achievement was that it protected the people from the government taking their land without compensation.

7. Describe what you think was most significant about John Adams' presidency. When Adams’ instituted the Alien & Sedition Acts, Jefferson and Madison took action by writing the Kentucky and Virginia state resolutions to declare the Alien & Sedition Acts unconstitutional. This also set the stage for the Civil War by providing the states with a basis for trying to nullify other federal laws.
(The best part of Adams’ presidency is that he only served for one term.)

American History Homework Three Answers - Student Twenty

2008-10-02T15:43:42Z

JonR:

1. Identify two weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. One weakness was that in trying to avoid having a strong central government, they went in the opposite direction and created a very weak one. Congress had power to raise an army and navy, make commercial treaties, borrow money, control currency, and levy assessments against the states but ultimately the states had all the power and could choose to ignore Congress’ requests. Another weakness was that we were left vulnerable to the rest of the world, because we didn’t have a strong government, and the states were fending for themselves. Britain was imposing trade restriction on America, and we couldn’t do anything about it.

2. Identify the first three Articles of the Constitution, and what each Article establishes.
Article 1: All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. This set up the Legislative Branch of our government.
Article 2: The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice-President chosen for the same Term, be elected. This set up the Executive Branch of our government.
Article 3: The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behavior, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services a Compensation which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office. This set up the Judicial Branch of our government.

3. Explain what you like most about George Washington. George Washington was so respected that he could have been king (imagine that), but he gave up that power for the good of the country.

4. Describe the most important invention of the 1790s, and its political impact. The cotton gin, invented by Eli Whitney, drastically reduced the need for slaves to separate the cotton seeds from the cotton, though they probably didn’t get rid of their slaves. It gave the South a large amount of economic power, and in turn, made the South the world’s supplier for cotton. This taste of power was one of the factors that lead to the Civil War. Thanks, Eli.

5. Explain the political view expressed by this week's cartoon, and which side of what issue the cartoonist likely represents. The columns representing Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, and Connecticut are in position, since they had already ratified the Constitution. Massachusetts is being put into position because they are about to ratify the Constitution. It gives the illustration that the coming together of these states in ratifying the Constitution is like the construction of a building. The strength of the building increases as the pillars are set in place. The cartoon was probably drawn around the time Massachusetts ratified the Constitution in 1788.

6. Describe two significant achievements of The Northwest Ordinance. The Northwest Ordinance set up rules for territories north of the Ohio River to become states: population requirements, republican form of government, and slavery was prohibited. Another achievement was that it protected the people from the government taking their land without compensation.

7. Describe what you think was most significant about John Adams' presidency. When Adams’ instituted the Alien & Sedition Acts, Jefferson and Madison took action by writing the Kentucky and Virginia state resolutions to declare the Alien & Sedition Acts unconstitutional. This also set the stage for the Civil War by providing the states with a basis for trying to nullify other federal laws.
(The best part of Adams’ presidency is that he only served for one term.)

American History Homework Three Answers - Student Twenty

2008-10-02T15:42:57Z

JonR: New page: 1. Identify two weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. One weakness was that in trying to avoid having a strong central government, they went in the opposite direction and created ...

1. Identify two weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. One weakness was that in trying to avoid having a strong central government, they went in the opposite direction and created a very weak one. Congress had power to raise an army and navy, make commercial treaties, borrow money, control currency, and levy assessments against the states but ultimately the states had all the power and could choose to ignore Congress’ requests. Another weakness was that we were left vulnerable to the rest of the world, because we didn’t have a strong government, and the states were fending for themselves. Britain was imposing trade restriction on America, and we couldn’t do anything about it.

2. Identify the first three Articles of the Constitution, and what each Article establishes.
Article 1: All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. This set up the Legislative Branch of our government.
Article 2: The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice-President chosen for the same Term, be elected. This set up the Executive Branch of our government.
Article 3: The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behavior, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services a Compensation which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office. This set up the Judicial Branch of our government.

3. Explain what you like most about George Washington. George Washington was so respected that he could have been king (imagine that), but he gave up that power for the good of the country.

4. Describe the most important invention of the 1790s, and its political impact. The cotton gin, invented by Eli Whitney, drastically reduced the need for slaves to separate the cotton seeds from the cotton, though they probably didn’t get rid of their slaves. It gave the South a large amount of economic power, and in turn, made the South the world’s supplier for cotton. This taste of power was one of the factors that lead to the Civil War. Thanks, Eli.

5. Explain the political view expressed by this week's cartoon, and which side of what issue the cartoonist likely represents. The columns representing Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, and Connecticut are in position, since they had already ratified the Constitution. Massachusetts is being put into position because they are about to ratify the Constitution. It gives the illustration that the coming together of these states in ratifying the Constitution is like the construction of a building. The strength of the building increases as the pillars are set in place. The cartoon was probably drawn around the time Massachusetts ratified the Constitution in 1788.
6. Describe two significant achievements of The Northwest Ordinance. The Northwest Ordinance set up rules for territories north of the Ohio River to become states: population requirements, republican form of government, and slavery was prohibited. Another achievement was that it protected the people from the government taking their land without compensation.

7. Describe what you think was most significant about John Adams' presidency. When Adams’ instituted the Alien & Sedition Acts, Jefferson and Madison took action by writing the Kentucky and Virginia state resolutions to declare the Alien & Sedition Acts unconstitutional. This also set the stage for the Civil War by providing the states with a basis for trying to nullify other federal laws.
(The best part of Adams’ presidency is that he only served for one term.)

American History Homework Two Answers - Student Twenty

2008-09-18T16:45:33Z

JonR: New page: Jonathan R. 1.What do you think were the three most important causes of the American Revolution. –British burdens hurt nearly all Colonists in all walks of life. The Proclamation Act ...

Jonathan R.

1.What do you think were the three most important causes of the American Revolution.
–British burdens hurt nearly all Colonists in all walks of life. The Proclamation Act hurt the farmers. The Sugar Act hurt the Southern colonies. The Stamp Act hurt the Northern colonies, especially Pennsylvania, which ran a large printing business. The Coercive Acts which were known to the colonists as the Intolerable Acts, hurt Massachusetts. It was as if England was trying to cripple the colonies.
--Taxes hit at a bad time: postwar depression After the war the colonists did not have chance to recover financially, before England began taxing them.
--Colonists were accustomed to much independence and self-determination, and Tory efforts to regulate and tax were bitterly opposed by the Colonies. The colonies thrived under “salutary neglect”. When England became ‘hands-on’, the conflicts began.

2. Who used the phrase "taxation without representation," and why? James Otis is quoted as saying, “Taxation without representation is tyranny.” It became the battle cry for the colonists. According to the British, virtual representation gave them the right to make decisions for the colonies. According to the colonists, if they didn’t have actual representation in the Parliament, they should not be taxed.

3. What was the Boston Tea Party? The Boston Tea Party was a protest against the rising number of miscellaneous taxes… including the new tax on tea. Colonists staged a boycott on British tea. In response, Britain gave the East India Company a monopoly in tea. The rage against Britain’s blatant ignorance of the fragile economy, forced the colonists to do something. So, on December, 16, 1773, a group of colonists led by Samuel Adams, dressed up as Indians, and got on the East India Company’s ship. They threw about $1.87 million (converted to today’s dollars) worth of tea into the harbor. This must have been exhausting considering that it took a whole night.

4. Do you blame anyone for the Salem Witch Trials? Explain. I blame the judicial system of the time. It was definitely not Judge Judy. Today, someone is innocent until proven guilty; in Salem, the accused were guilty with no chance of being proven innocent. Evidence that would be excluded from modern courtrooms-- hearsay, gossip, stories, was generally admitted. The accused witches had no legal counsel and could not have witnesses testify under oath on their behalf. Defendants could testify, produce evidence, and cross-examine their accusers.

5. True or false: colonies having more religious freedom had less conflict with the King. Explain your answer. False, the desire for religious freedom caused more conflicts with the King. The Great Awakening in America caused people to desire political freedom. They realized to have true religious freedom, they needed political freedom. It gave the colonists a sense of unity as well. President Coolidge stated, “It was because religion gave people a new importance and a new glory that they demanded a new freedom and a new government.”

6. Briefly discuss (in a few sentences) any of the debate or discussion topics from the lecture, or mysteries (see H3 below for the link). Did England have the right to directly tax the colonies? I say no…During the French & Indian War, England funded the colonies with guns and ammunition. When they were done, the English wanted, all the war expenses paid back. Hence the taxation on the colonies. England chose to be involved in the war. England could have said, “No, we’re not funding this war anymore. It’s costing us too much.”… but they didn’t. So, did England have the right to directly tax the colonies? England had as much right to tax the colonies, as the colonies had to tax the English.

7. Explain the meaning of the political cartoon on the right. As with all cartoons, pay particular attention to all of its details. Provide a rough estimate for its date. The snake represents the American colonies. From the head to the tail, the colonies are listed from North to South. NE (New England) is Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire; NY (New York); NJ (New Jersey); P (Pennsylvania); M (Maryland); V (Virginia); NC (North Carolina); and SC (South Carolina). A snake, cut up, will die. The cartoonist was trying to say that if the colonies were separate, the ‘snake’ would die. The cartoon was created around the time of Ben Franklin’s Albany Plan of Union in 1754, when seven colonies met to discuss the possibility of forming a unified front against the French in the French & Indian War. The colonies opposed the plan because they did not want to give up their power to another.