Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Guardian (UK)

2015-04-04T17:24:15Z

KennethAlberty:

'''The Guardian''' is a [[UK]] national daily [[newspaper]] known for its [[liberal]], left-wing stance, being pro-[[abortion]] on demand, anti-[[Bush]] and anti-[[American]], pro-[[Obama]] and critical of [[Tony Blair]]'s support for the war in [[Iraq]]. ''The Guardian'' has just celebrated the publishing of its 50,000th edition.

Originally known as the [[Manchester]] Guardian, since it was originally published there, it is owned by a charitable organisation, the Scott Trust.

Regardless of its political stance, the great strength of ''The Guardian'' is that it rarely (in comparison to most other common newspapers in the UK) publishes sensationalist articles, preferring a quieter more balanced (and researched) approach. This is achieved by The Guardian organising its contents into two groups: articles about the news and opinion pieces (editorials, blogs, letters, etc.). News articles tend to be factually researched and factually accurate and written from a centre-left point of view, whereas opinion pieces are individual submissions that can range from the mid-right of the political spectrum to the mid-left, depending on the view of the writer, although submissions from the mid-left outnumber the submissions from the mid-right, due to the stance The Guardian takes on many issues.

The Guardian has recently setup versions of it's website in Australia and the United States to further push it's left wing agenda.

Given its openly left-wing stance, a blogger whose article appeared in The Guardian has stated that the new movie An American Carol is "propaganda masquerading as entertainment.” <ref>http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/filmblog/2008/oct/01/1 Does An American Carol signal the rise of the Hollywood right? Guardian, October 1, 2008</ref>

The Guardian also runs the largest internet forum of any British newspaper in the form of Guardian Unlimited Talk.
==References==
<references/>

[[Category:United Kingdom Newspapers]]
[[Category:Media]]
[[Category:Anti Second Amendment]]
[[Category:Liberal News Organizations]]
[[Category:Liberal Newspapers]]
[[Category:Liberal Media]]
[[Category:Liberal Bias]]

Obscenity

2015-04-04T17:21:57Z

KennethAlberty:

'''Obscenity''' is a speech act or image which evokes disgust or revulsion in people, usually on moral grounds. Not surprisingly, it is liberals more than conservatives who favor legal protection of obscene images and words.

Words that express hatred are often obscene, with bathroom language eclipsed only by bedroom language. Words for urination typically express anger, while comments on low intelligence or integrity use words for defecation.

Scholars are at a loss to explain why the language of love is reserved for the deepest levels of hostility and hatred. "Effing this" (the thing I despise) or "F--- off" (go away, you) employ a metaphor for sexual intercourse, which otherwise would be considered the most desirable thing (in both the religious and materialistic worldviews).

Language describing [[homosexual act]]s tends, at least in English, to have the greatest emotional impact.

==US law==
It is also a legal category of speech, nominally "unprotected" under modern [[first amendment]] [[law]]. The category, however, defies neat legal classification.<ref>''Redrup v. New York'' (deciding obscenity cases on a case-by-case basis, without promulgating a general rule.</ref>

==References==
<references/>

[[category:Criminal Law]]
[[Category : Hollywood Values]]
[[Category:Liberal Media]]

Mental Health and Homosexuality

2015-04-04T17:17:06Z

KennethAlberty:

Since the founding of psychotherapy as a medical practice, homosexuality was diagnosed and treated as a disorder (dubbed "Same Sex Attraction Disorder" or SSAD) no different than Schizophrenia and other mental diseases<ref>http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/1172711/posts</ref>. Under pressure from homosexual activists, in 1973 the American Psychiatric Association (APA) removed homosexuality as a mental disorder from the APA's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-II).

Concerning '''mental health and homosexuality''', studies have long indicated that [[homosexuality|homosexuals]] have a substantially greater risk of suffering from a psychiatric problems (suicide, depression, bulimia, antisocial personality disorder, and substance abuse).<ref>http://www.healthyplace.com/communities/Gender/Site/depression/mental_problems.htm</ref>
[[Image:Powder meth foil small.jpg|thumb|left|200px|The ''Los Angeles Times'' reported the frequency of [[methamphetamine]] use is twenty times greater among homosexuals than in the general population.]]
For example, a national survey of female homosexuals was published in the ''Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology'' which found that 75 percent of the approximate 2,000 respondents had pursued psychological counseling of some type, many for treatment of long-term depression or sadness.<ref>http://www.frc.org/get.cfm?i=IS01B1</ref>

In contrast to claims by [[gay rights]] activists blaming this heightened incidence of mental issues on discrimination, John R. Diggs, M.D. states the following regarding homosexuality and health:
{{Cquote|An extensive study in the [[Netherlands]] undermines the assumption that [[homophobia]] is the cause of increased psychiatric illness among gays and lesbians. The [[Netherlands|Dutch]] have been considerably more accepting of same-sex relationships than other [[Western World|Western countries]] — in fact, same-sex couples now have the legal right to marry in the Netherlands. So a high rate of psychiatric disease associated with homosexual behavior in the Netherlands means that the psychiatric disease cannot so easily be attributed to social rejection and homophobia.<ref>http://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/homosexuality/ho0075.html</ref>}}

In addition, the late Harold I. Lief, who was a leading a leading sex therapist who was an early defender of having medical schools put greater emphasis on sex education in training doctors, conducted a 1977 survey of members of the [[American Psychiatric Association]] and 73% of the psychiatrists responding said that they thought that homosexual men are less happy than others. <ref>[http://home.messiah.edu/~chase/h/articles/regenera/4.htm Harold I. Lief, Sexual Survey Number 4: Current Thinking on Homosexuality, Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality 2 (1977), pp.110- 111] (Cited in ''[[Growing Up Straight]]'' by [[George A. Rekers]])</ref><ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/23/obituaries/23lief.html?ex=1175313600&en=b9ffa2542d0e043a&ei=5070&emc=eta1 Harold I. Lief, Advocate of Sex Education, Dies at 89, NYT, By JEREMY PEARCE, Published: March 23, 2007]</ref> Also, in regards to homosexuality and mental health, seventy percent of the psychiatrists surveyed stated they believed that the homosexuals' problems were due more to personal conflicts than to social stigmatization.<ref>[http://home.messiah.edu/~chase/h/articles/regenera/4.htm Harold I. Lief, Sexual Survey Number 4: Current Thinking on Homosexuality, Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality 2 (1977), pp.110- 111] (Cited in ''Growing Up Straight'' by George A. Rekers)</ref> In respect to personal conflicts studies report that [[Homosexual Couples and Domestic Violence|homosexual couples have significantly higher incidences of violent behavior]]. These studies are not surprising given what pathologists have stated regarding the [[Homosexuality and Murders|commonness and brutality of homosexual murders]].
{{Homosexuality and health}}
The late [[Charles Socarides]] wrote:
{{Cquote|For most of this century, most of us in the helping professions considered this behavior aberrant. Not only was it "off the track"; the people caught up in it were suffering, which is why we called it a pathology. We had patients, early in their therapy, who would seek out one sex partner after another-total strangers-on a single night, then come limping into our offices the next day to tell us how they were hurting themselves. Since we were in the business of helping people learn how not to keep hurting themselves, many of us thought we were quietly doing God's work.<ref>http://www.leaderu.com/jhs/socarides.html</ref>}}

The ''Los Angeles Times'' reported the frequency of [[methamphetamine]] use is twenty times greater among homosexuals than in the general population.<ref>[http://www.narth.com/docs/methuse.html ''More Gay Men Using Meth, Study Finds,''] by R. Rosenblatt, Los Angeles Times, April 11, p. B6.</ref>
==See Also==
*[[Homosexuality]]
*[[Homosexuality and Health]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Homosexuality]]
[[Category:Mental health]]
[[Category:Diseases]]

Homosexuality and Genetics

2015-04-04T17:16:55Z

KennethAlberty:

{{homosexuality}}
Concerning '''homosexuality and genetics''', science has yet to find a link in terms of it being a [[Causes of Homosexuality|cause of homosexuality]], although
a common argument is that an inclination to [[homosexuality]] is inborn and immutable. It is widely believed that the public will become more accepting of homosexuality if they are convinced that it is inborn and immutable. For example, neuroscientist and homosexual Simon Levay stated: "...people who think that gays and lesbians are born that way are also more likely to support gay rights."<ref>http://www.family.org/socialissues/A000000682.cfm</ref> However, a genetic basis to homosexual desire does not prevent homosexuals from [[Homosexuality_and_choice#Choice_and_Genetics|choosing]] not to participate in homosexual activities.

{{quotation|When asked if homosexuality was rooted solely in biology, gay gene researcher, Dean Hamer, replied, "Absolutely not. From twin studies, we already know that half or more of the variability in [[sexual orientation]] is not inherited. Our studies try to pinpoint the genetic factors...not negate the psychosocial factors" (Anastasia, 1995, p. 43).<ref> [http://www.narth.com/docs/hom101.html Homosexuality 101: What Every Therapist, Parent, And Homosexual Should Know] - Julie Harren, Ph.D., LMFT</ref>}}

{{Quotation|No professional scientist in the last 40 years has even claimed to have found any evidence that queerness is always genetic in all cases. Even the highly publicized identical twin studies by Michael Bailey and Richard Pillard, which were so often touted as evidence for a "gay gene," never found that any more than 52% of the identical twins of queer people were queer. The other 48% of identical twins of queer men were not queer. This leaves at least 48% of the queer community unaccounted for by genetic theories.{{fact}}}}

==Science has found no link==

''See also'': [[Failure of Experiments to Show Genetic Determinism For Homosexuality]]

[[Image:325979 dna150.jpg|thumbnail|150px|left|[[Columbia University]] [[psychiatry]] professors Drs. William Byrne and Bruce Parsons stated: "There is no evidence that at present to substantiate a [[biology|biological]] theory. [T]he appeal of current biological explanations for sexual orientation may derive more from dissatisfaction with the present status of [[psychosocial]] explanations than from a substantiating body of experimental data".]]
There is no scientific consensus favoring a genetic cause of homosexuality, and the American Psychological Association's assertion is merely that:

*...most scientists today agree that [[sexual orientation]] is most likely the result of a complex interaction of '''environmental''', '''cognitive''' and biological factors.<ref>http://www.apa.org/topics/orientation.html#whatcauses</ref>

The emphasis is on environmental and cognitive factors, because these can be studied scientifically.

[[Concerned Women of America]] reports the following:
{{Cquote|In May 2000, the American Psychiatric Association issued a Fact Sheet, "Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Issues," which includes this statement:

"Currently, there is a renewed interest in searching for biological etiologies for homosexuality. However, to date there are no replicated scientific studies supporting any specific biological etiology for homosexuality."<ref>http://www.cwfa.org/articledisplay.asp?id=5458&department=CFI&categoryid=papers</ref> }}

Research suggests that adoptive brothers are more likely to both be homosexuals than the biological brothers, who share half their [[gene]]s. This data prompted the journal ''Science'' to report "this . . . suggests that there is no genetic component, but rather an environmental component shared in families".<ref>(''Science'', Vol. 262, page 2063, December 24, 1993)</ref><ref>http://www.trueorigin.org/gaygene01.asp</ref> However, in regards to [[psychosocial]] and biological theories in regards to the origin of homosexuality, [[Columbia University]] [[psychiatry]] professors Drs. William Byrne and Bruce Parsons stated in 1994: "There is no evidence that at present to substantiate a [[biology|biological]] theory. [T]he appeal of current biological explanations for sexual orientation may derive more from dissatisfaction with the present status of psychosocial explanations than from a substantiating body of experimental data".<ref name="cwfa">http://www.cwfa.org/images/content/bornorbred.pdf</ref>

Herbert Hendin wrote:
{{Cquote|Anthropologists had observed that relatively uncompetitive primitive cultures such as those that do not distinguish or reward the best hunters in distinction to the other men in the tribe have virtually no homosexuality."<ref>"Kardiner and Linton, in a psychoanalytic anthropological study of Tanala, examined homosexuality in the context of the entire Tanalese culture (1939). They showed that a dramatic rise in homosexuality when social and economic forces inflamed competitiveness was one of several manifestations of frustrated rage (crime was another) among young men who were having particular difficulty with the pressures the culture was exerting on them. [http://www.pep-web.org/document.php?id=jaa.006.0479a Homosexuality: The Psychosocial Dimension] - ''Journal of American Academy of Psychoanalysis'', 6:479-496(1978) </ref>}}

Dr. Tahir I. Jaz, M.D., Winnipeg, Canada states: "The increasing claims of being "born that way" parallels the rising political activism of homosexual organisations, who politicise the issue of homosexual origins . In the 1970s, approximately ten percent of homosexuals claimed to be "born homosexual" according to a large scale survey....However, in a survey in the 1980s, with the homosexual rights movement increasingly becoming active, thirty-five percent claimed to be born that way.<ref>http://www.flyfishingdevon.co.uk/salmon/year2/hormones/tahir.htm</ref>

Dr. [[Dean Hamer]] is a researcher often cited to argue that there is empirical data supporting the notion that homosexuality is genetic in origin. News organizations like [[National Public Radio]] and [[Newsweek]] have done news stories regarding his work.<ref>http://www.narth.com/docs/istheregene.html</ref> The statements like "the studies are objective and sound...there is no room for doubt that homosexuality is highly heritable" popped up and the T-shirts sold in gay and lesbian bookstores in the mid-1990s declared: ''"Xq28 - Thanks for the genes mom".''<ref>{{cite book |author=Matt Ridley |title=Genome |publisher=Fourth Estate Ltd. |place=London |year=2000 |isbn=978-1857-028355 |url=http://books.google.sk/books?id=7O775xBxfMoC&dq=Ridley+Genome&hl=sk&sa=X&ei=7kxFUvStOYLfswaL64GAAg&redir_esc=y}}</ref> However, in regards to the press trumpeting various findings genetics-of-behavior research uncritically the science journal ''Science'' stated the following in 1994:
{{Cquote|Time and time again, scientists have claimed that particular genes or [[chromosome|chromosomal]] regions are associated with behavioral traits, only to withdraw their findings when they were not replicated. "Unfortunately," says Yale's [Dr. Joel] Gelernter, "it's hard to come up with many" findings linking specific genes to complex human behaviors that have been replicated. "...All were announced with great fanfare; all were greeted unskeptically in the popular press; all are now in disrepute."<ref>[http://www.narth.com/docs/istheregene.html Mann, C. Genes and behavior. Science 264:1687 (1994)]</ref>}} Martin A. Silverman, M.D. wrote regarding a famous study of Dr. Dean Hamer:
{{Cquote|On July 16, 1993, it was reported in Science (pp. 291, 321) that geneticist Dean Hamer and his team at the [[National Cancer Institute]] had reported on a study involving 40 pairs of brothers both of whom were gay that had led them to conclude that they had discovered a factor on the X [[chromosome]] through which gayness was genetically transmitted to them from their mothers. This was hailed as proof that homosexuality in men is biological in origin. Two years later, however, Eliot Marshall reported in ''Science'' (June 30, 1995, p.268) George Ebers and George Rice of the University of Western Ontario had unsuccessfully attempted to replicate Hamer's findings and had "found no evidence that gayness is passed from mother to son" genetically. He also reported that the Office of Research Integrity in the Department of Health and Human Services was investigating Hamer's work.<ref>http://www.narth.com/docs/1996papers/silverman.html</ref>}}

The research team, led by Dr George Rice of Canada’s University of Western Ontario, performed one of the biggest studies to date investigating whether there is a genetic cause of homosexuality and has failed to find any evidence for the existence of a so-called ‘gay gene’.<ref>{{cite web |title=No evidence for ‘homosexual gene’|url=http://creation.com/focus-214 |accessdate=September 27, 2013 |quote=One of the biggest studies to date investigating whether there is a genetic cause of homosexuality has failed to find any evidence for the existence of a so-called ‘gay gene’. The research team, led by Dr George Rice of Canada’s University of Western Ontario, initiated the study. It followed the earlier sensational claims of self-confessed homosexual Dr Dean Hamer and his team in 1993 purporting to have found a genetic link to homosexuality. Several years of frenzied research aimed at isolating the ‘homosexual gene’ proved fruitless. Now Dr Rice’s team, using a much larger study sample and sophisticated genetic tests, has found no evidence at all of any link between this marker and sexual orientation. The Independent, (U.K.), April 23, 1999, p. 5; Science, April 23, 1999, pp. 571, 665–667.}}</ref> For theories on genetic origin of homosexuality to be fact, however, there should never be a case when one identical twin is heterosexual and one is homosexual. It's genetically impossible since both identical twins share 100 percent of the same genes. If sexual behavior is genetic, then both identical twins will always be either heterosexual or homosexual. The findings however discredit such hypothesis and show that non-genetic factors play a significant part in shaping sexual preference.<ref>{{cite book |title=When Passions Are Confused|author=Jeff Olson|publisher=RBC Ministries, discoveryseries.org |year=1996 |pages=6-7 |url=http://jesus-revolution.com/Documents/When_Passions_Are_Confused_Understanding_Homosexuality.pdf}}</ref>

Homosexual ''behavior'' [[Homosexuality and choice|is voluntary and subject to control by the human will]], just as heterosexual behavior is. Sex and intimacy, though, are basic necessities of human life, and acting on them, whether they be heterosexual or homosexual, is natural.

===Genetics, Evolutionary Paradigm, and Creation Science ===

''For more information please see:'' [[Genetics, Homosexuality, Evolutionary Paradigm, and Creation Science]]

In 1993, Professor [[Miron Baron]], M.D., the renowned medical researcher and Professor at [[Columbia University]], wrote in [[BMJ]] (British Medical Journal) that there is a conflict relative to the theory of [[evolution]] and the notion of [[gene|genetic]] [[determinism]] concerning [[homosexuality]]. Dr. Baron wrote "...from an evolutionary perspective, [[homosexuality and genetics|genetically determined homosexuality]] would have become [[extinct]] long ago because of reduced reproduction."<ref>[http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1678219 BMJ. 1993 August 7; 307(6900): 337–338.]</ref> In the United States, [[Theory of evolution and liberalism|liberals are more likely to believe in the theory of evolution]].<ref>http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/10/22/opinion/polls/main965223.shtml</ref> Also, in the United States, twice as many liberals as conservatives (46% versus 22%) believe people are born homosexual and [[Views on Homosexuality|liberals generally have more favorable opinions about homosexuality]].<ref>http://people-press.org/report/?pageid=764</ref> Given Dr. [[Miron Baron]]'s commentary about homosexuality, American liberals are inconsistent on the issues of evolution and homosexuality.

An individual's beliefs regarding [[creation science]]/[[Creationism|creationism]] and the theory of evolution appear to influence their views on homosexuality. Creationist scientists and creationist assert that the theory of evolution cannot account for the origin of gender and sexual reproduction.<ref>http://www.apologeticspress.org/articles/136</ref><ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/pbs_nova/0928ep5.asp</ref> [[Creation Ministries International]] states: "Homosexual acts go against [[God]]’s original design of a man and a woman becoming one flesh — see [[Genesis]] 1 and 2, endorsed by [[Jesus]] Himself in [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2019:3â€“6;&version=49; Matthew 19:3–6]."<ref>http://www.creation.com/content/view/2774</ref> In addition, the vast majority of creation scientists reject the notion of [[gene|genetic]] [[determinism]] concerning the [[Causes of Homosexuality|origin of homosexuality]].<ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/pbs_nova/0928ep5.asp</ref>

==See Also==
*[[Causes of Homosexuality]]
*[[Religious Upbringing and Culture Affects Rates of Homosexuality]]
*[[Homosexuality and Choice]]
*[[Homosexuality in animals myth]]
*[[Genetics, Homosexuality, Evolutionary Paradigm, and Creation Science]]
*[[Homosexuality]]

==External links==

*[http://www.narth.com/docs/istheregene.html Is there a "gay gene"?] - explores how the media misrepresented the science

==References==

<References/>

[[Category:homosexuality]]
[[category:genetics]]
[[Category:Liberal Bias]]
[[Category:Diseases]]

Arguments Against Homosexuality

2015-04-04T17:16:45Z

KennethAlberty:

There are many '''arguments against homosexuality''' based on religious grounds and on its effects on society which include such matters as the [[Homosexuality and Health|negative health effects of homosexuality]] and that [[Homosexual Couples and Domestic Violence|homosexual couples experience significant higher rates of domestic violence]].

In 2003, the [[Pew Research Center]] stated that in the [[United States]], religious beliefs underpin opposition to [[homosexuality]] according to a study they conducted. <ref>http://pewforum.org/docs/index.php?DocID=37</ref> [[Judeo-Christian]] objections nearly always refer to what the [[Homosexuality and the Bible|Bible states about homosexuality]], which, it is argued, condemns homosexual acts in both [[Old Testament|Old]] and [[New Testament]]s. For example, [[Book of Leviticus|Leviticus]] 18:22 says
<blockquote>"A man shall not lie with man as with a woman, it is abomination."</blockquote>

Romans 1:26-28: "For this cause God gave them up unto vile affections: for even their women did change the natural use into that which is against nature: 27 And likewise also the men, leaving the natural use of the woman, burned in their lust one toward another; men with men working that which is unseemly, and receiving in themselves that recompence of their error which was meet. 28 And even as they did not like to retain God in their knowledge, God gave them over to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not convenient;"

Some liberals argue that historically, condemnation of those sexual acts was simply based on them being unnatural to procreation, and thus contrary to (a definition of) [[Natural Law|unnatural]], inferring that such condemnation is invalid due to ignorance of sexuality.<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A7715315</ref>

However, as seen in dealing with [[Homosexuality and biblical interpretation]], the union of man and women in marriage is based upon them being created as uniquely compatible and and complementary, and the sanction of sexual union (via marriage) as only between opposite genders extends beyond procreation, with romantic sexual attraction between married couples being honored outside the context of children in such books as the [[Song of Solomon]], and with marital sexual relations being enjoined in 1 Cor. 7:5 on the basis of heterosexual desire.

Motive can be a moral factor in who to marry among lawful partners, and within marriage, but is never a determinative factor in the Scriptural prohibitions of illicit partners, from fornication between heterosexuals to adultery to homosexual unions to bestiality, while grace is offered for salvation to all who will come to faith in Christ with a repentant heart.

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==See also==

*[[Homosexual agenda]], [[Gay rights]]
*[[Homosexuality]]
*[[Homophobia]]

== External links ==
* [http://www.catholicculture.org/library/view.cfm?RecNum=3336 "Homosexuality & Hope] Catholic Medical Association
* [http://www.peoplecanchange.com/ "People Can Change"]
* [http://www.exodusglobalalliance.org/ "Exodus International"]
* [http://couragerc.net/ "Courage"]

{{homosexualityb}}
[[Category:Homosexuality]]
[[Category:Diseases]]

Lesbianism

2015-04-04T17:16:35Z

KennethAlberty:

'''Lesbianism''' is [[sex]]ual activity or attraction between [[women]]. Female [[homosexual]]s are often called '''lesbians''' (after the [[Greek]] island of [[Lesbos]], home of [[Sappho]], the poetess of Lesbos). Women who are attracted to both women and men are called [[bisexual]]s.

The first known written usage of the word "lesbian" in the sense meant here dates only from the 19th century. Earlier uses of the word from as far back as the 17th century, can be found but used in an entirely different sense. Lesbianism is also called ''sapphism'' or ''female homosexuality''. (Sappho penned love sonnets to women. She lived from 610-580 B.C.)

In 1997, the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Prevention Program included lesbians as a priority population.<ref>[http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/conference/ppt/linda_ellis.ppt#291,3, Progress has been made in recognizing lesbians as a target population]</ref>

<blockquote>
In the United States, estimates of lifetime same-sex behavior among women are 8%–20%, and 1.4%–4.3% of all women may be sexually active with other women. An estimated 2.3 million women describe themselves as lesbian. In its 1999 report, Lesbian Health: Current Assessment and Directions for the Future, the Institute of Medicine emphasized that more data on sexually transmitted infections (STIs), Pap smear screening, and risk for cervical cancer in lesbians were needed.<ref>[http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol10no11/04-0622_08.htm Lesbians and Infectious Diseases]</ref>
</blockquote>

==Lesbianism and Health Issues==
''For more information please see:'' [[Lesbianism and Obesity]]

[[File:11834504 3cc3c49559.jpg|175px|right|thumbnail|In April of 2007, the ''American Journal of Public Health'' analyzed data from 2002 National Survey of Family Growth and the data suggested that [[United States|American]] lesbian women were 2.69 times more likely to be overweight and 2.47 times more likely to be obese than all other female sexual orientation groups.
<ref name="ajph">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=17463369&ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum Overweight and Obesity in Sexual-Minority Women: Evidence From Population-Based Data, Ulrike Boehmer, Deborah J. Bowen, Greta R. Bauer, American Journal of Public Health, 2007 Jun;97(6):1134-40. E pub 2007 Apr 26.]</ref>
 
 
(photo obtained from [http://www.flickr.com/photos/wader/11834504/ Flickr], see [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/deed.en license agreement]) ]]
In regards to lesbianism and obesity, in April of 2007, the ''American Journal of Public Health'' analyzed data from 2002 National Survey of Family Growth and the data suggested that [[United States|American]] lesbian women were 2.69 times more likely to be overweight and 2.47 times more likely to be obese than all other female sexual orientation groups.
<ref name="ajph">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=17463369&ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum Overweight and Obesity in Sexual-Minority Women: Evidence From Population-Based Data, Ulrike Boehmer, Deborah J. Bowen, Greta R. Bauer, American Journal of Public Health, 2007 Jun;97(6):1134-40. E pub 2007 Apr 26.]</ref> The abstract for this study indicated that "lesbians are at greater risk for morbidity and mortality linked to overweight and obesity." <ref name="ajph" />

In 2009, the ''PubMed'' article abstract for a Polish psychiatry journal ''Psychiatria Polska'' article declared:
{{Cquote|Homosexual women are less concentrated on physical appearance and more satisfied with their bodies while being more tolerant to obesity.... For lesbian women the ideal body image is more massive than for heterosexual women.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19694404?itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum&ordinalpos=1</ref>}}

In 2007, a purported lesbian wrote to [[Andrew Sullivan]], the political commentator and administrator of ''The Daily Dish'' blog:
{{Cquote|And - oh heck, I'll admit it - aesthetics have value, too! As a woman, I may not be as focused on looks as men are predisposed to be, but I sure am tired of seeing so many queer ladies out there who are way past 200 pounds. Way, way past. Sorry, but no amount of "fat acceptance" is going to make that a pleasant sight - gay, straight, butch, femme, male or female.<ref>http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2007/05/obesity_and_les.html</ref>}}

However, liberals assert that lesbians are considered to be amongst the lowest risk groups for some STDs including HIV <ref name="HIV">[http://www.metrokc.gov/health/glbT/lbstd.htm]</ref>

==See Also==

*[[Homosexuality and health]]
*[[Gertrude Stein]]

== External links ==

*[http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9384264 Lesbianism] Encyclopædia Britannica.

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Homosexuality]]
[[Category:Sexuality]]
[[Category:Diseases]]

Video game industry

2015-04-03T17:03:03Z

KennethAlberty:

The '''video game industry''' is a major entertainment industry that has over $20 billion in annual sales.<ref>http://www.npd.com/press/releases/press_100114.html</ref> Video game sales surpassed [[Hollywood]] revenue in the year 2007.<ref name="Video">http://seekingalpha.com/article/89124-the-video-game-industry-an-18-billion-entertainment-juggernaut</ref>

==Video Games and the Spreading of Liberal Values==

Unfortunately, the video game industry has a long history of unintentionally spreading liberal values and ideals at odds with traditional conservative values.

====Examples====
*Excessive profanity, many times to the point of being added for "shock value"
*Meticulous designs of blood and gore (Virtually every game rated for 17+ players)
*Allowing players to be terrorists and perform terrorism (''Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2'')
**This level may be skipped, is not present in all versions of the game, and the player is not compelled to kill any civilian during the first half of the level one plays as a terrorist. The second half of the level does force the player to fight police as a terrorist, and this is not avoidable.
*Allowing players to have fornication with prostitutes (All ''Grand Theft Auto'' video games)
**It should be noted this is optional, as no GTA game has ever forced the player to fornicate with a prostitute as an unavoidable storyline event, but it does provide the player some other gameplay bonus with no in-game downside like a sexually transmitted disease, inadvertently encouraging the idea of unprotected sexual relations outside of marriage.
*Welcoming to more violence, such as providing bonus points for extra murders (almost every single game that provides bonus points or some other gameplay advantage for upping the player's "kill count")
*Over reliance on violence than story (''Gears of War'')
*Overtones of [[Hollywood Values]] (''Grand Theft Auto: The Ballad of Gay Tony'')
*Allowing players to gamble in [[Las Vegas]] themed casinos and borrow money from [[mafia]] bosses (Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas after completing a flight school).
*Encourages radical terrorism (''Red Faction: Guerrilla'')
*Promotes the idea of the player being worshipped like an idol or as a deity. (''Black and White'')
*Homosexual relationships (''[[Facebook|The Ville]]'' and ''Bully'')
*Hacking (Watch Dogs, online games)

====Anders Breivik and ''Call of Duty Modern Warfare 2''====
[[Anders Breivik]], the Norwegian gunman and bomber who killed 77 people in a terrible massacre in Oslo on July 22, 2011, was apparently very fond of the 2009 FPS (First Person Shooter) ''Call of Duty Modern Warfare 2'' (MW2). He considered it to be his "training" for the bloody act he was going to commit. In his "manifesto," he wrote that the videogame: "... is probably the best military simulator out there and it’s one of the hottest. I see MW2 more as part of my training-simulation than anything else."<ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/norway/8663329/Norway-Anders-Behring-Breivik-used-online-war-games-as-training.html</ref>

In fact, the Utoya island massacre bears a striking resemblance to the fourth level of MW2, named ''No Russian''. In the level, the player is a U.S. soldier undercover inside a terrorist cell, where he is given the option to join the other terrorists in shooting helpless civilians in a Moscow airport during an acknowledged terrorist act (the player can elect not to shoot the civilians, but the other terrorists will kill them regardless of the player's actions). Said level is extremely graphic and gives the player (even if they choose not to shoot civilians) no option to stop the terrorists, as it would blow their cover as an undercover agent.

The game offers twice the opportunity to skip the level if the player thinks he or she will find it disturbing, but this obviously has no impact on those who enjoy simulated violence against the helpless. It would be like putting a "Don't take this if you are an alcoholic" on a liquor bottle when alcoholics are all around.

It may be speculated that Breivik was inspired by the videogame for his shooting massacre. It is extremely unlikely the game served as a "training simulator" for his later acts of murder, since target acquisition with a video game weapon and a real world weapon are two highly different things, but the themes in the game obviously appealed to his predilection for violence, and for those with preexisting desires for violent, immoral tendencies, video games (much like violent books or movies or other media) promoting themes in line with their values are very likely a negative influence on those who might later commit violent acts.

{{Liberalism}}

== References ==

<references/>

[[Category:video Games]]

Anti-Conservative bias

2015-04-03T16:58:50Z

KennethAlberty:

“Conservatives are the new oppressed class,” he joked in his office. “Isn’t it bizarre that in Hollywood it’s easier to come out as gay than as conservative?”

Read more http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/02/19/070219fa_fact_mayer?currentPage=5#ixzz11zQbqWRr

== See also ==

*[[Hollywood values]]
*[[Liberal bias]]
[[category:Liberalism]]

Black hole

2015-04-02T18:45:39Z

KennethAlberty: reinforcing message

[[Image:Iu8969hu.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Artist's conception of a binary system consisting of a black hole and a main sequence star. The black hole is drawing matter from the main sequence star via an [[accretion disk]] around it, and some of this matter forms a gas jet.]]
'''Black holes''' are theoretical entities popularized by liberal pseudoscience enthusiasts despite their implausibility and lack of ever being directly observed. Suggested by the controversial [[theory of relativity]] (see [[Counterexamples to Relativity]]), black holes are postulated to be collapsed objects, usually [[stars]], which have become so [[dense]] that within a certain radius their [[escape velocity]] exceeds the [[speed of light]]. Thus, they absorb all matter and energy within that radius. Light and matter can enter, but nothing can ever escape.

Black holes are increasingly favored by [[liberal]] publications, such as the science page of the [[New York Times]] and glossy magazines, as well as science fiction writers. As with the related theoretical concept of a "[[wormhole]]",<ref>The prediction of the existence of wormholes, and its naming in 1957, predates the prediction and naming (1967) of a black hole.[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/14/science/14wheeler.html?pagewanted=print]</ref> it is impossible to prove that no black hole exists anywhere, and thus they fail the [[falsifiability]] requirement of science.

==History of the idea==
The theoretical model of what we now call a black hole has evolved considerably over the centuries. The [[corpuscular theory of light]] held that light was made up of invisibly small particles, and that these particles moved along ballistic trajectories, like tiny bullets. In this framework, it was believed possible that a distant star could be so massive that light emitted from its surface would be dragged back down again. This theory was first advanced by John Michell, who wrote in 1783, "If the semi-diameter of a sphere of the same density as the Sun in the proportion of five hundred to one, and by supposing light to be attracted by the same force in proportion to its [mass] with other bodies, all light emitted from such a body would be made to return towards it, by its own proper gravity."<ref name="r1">http://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/200911/physicshistory.cfm</ref>

Suggesting the same possibility independently, Pierre-Simon Laplace wrote in 1796, "It is therefore possible that the greatest luminous bodies in the universe are on this account invisible."<ref name="r1" />

As the corpuscular theory gave way to the [[wave theory of light]] in the early 1800s, the idea of "dark" or "invisible" stars fell from favor. At that time, it was believed that light was a wave which had no mass and therefore was unaffected by gravity.

Research into the [[photoelectric effect]], however, reignited interest in the light-as-particles view, ultimately resulting in the modern notion of [[wave-particle duality]]. Under this theory, light could be affected by gravity, so the question of whether light could be emitted from extraordinarily massive bodies was once again open.

===General Relativity===
As it happened, the question became unavoidable shortly after the publication in 1915 of Einstein's [[general theory of relativity]]. [[Schwarzschild]] solved the Einstein field equations in a way that describes the geometry of spacetime outside a spherically symmetric, uncharged, non-rotating distribution of mass. Well away from the center of this distribution of mass, the Schwarzschild solution closely matches the Newtonian model of a gravitational field; only close to the mass, where the curvature of spacetime is large, do significant differences between the two models appear. But if the diameter of the mass distribution is taken to be arbitrarily small, then the region of spacetime immediately surrounding the mass appears to take on extremely curious properties, properties so curious that many questioned whether they had any physical interpretation at all. Therefore, Schwarzschild showed that black holes were possible under the theory of [[general relativity]].

[[File:Cygnusx1.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Jet-powered nebula formed from the accretion disk of the binary star Cygnus-X1]]
However, neither Schwarzschild himself nor [[Albert Einstein]], who developed the theory of relativity, believed that black holes actually existed<ref>http://amazing-space.stsci.edu/resources/explorations/blackholes/lesson/whatisit/history.html</ref>. Einstein even tried to re-work general relativity to render these [[Singularity|singularities]] impossible. However, Roger Penrose and Stephen Hawking proved the first of many Singularity Theorems, which states that singularities must form if certain conditions are present. This demonstrated that, rather than mathematical oddities, singularities are a fairly generic consequence of realistic solutions to relativity: any mass with radius less than its Schwarzschild radius is a black hole. Since then, support for black holes among the scientific community has grown.

==Nature of a Black Hole==
===Mathematics===

There are several solutions of the Einstein field equations that are used to model black holes. The simplest of these is the Schwarzchild metric. From this metric, one can calculate the Schwarzschild radius, which defines the boundary (event horizon) of the black hole, to be
:<math>r_s=\frac{2GM}{c^2}</math>,
where
* rs is the Schwarzschild radius;
* G is the gravitational constant;
* M is the mass of the gravitating object;
* c is the speed of light in vacuum.

If the black hole has a nonzero electric charge, it is modeled by the Reissner-Nordström metric. Astronomical objects are generally electrically neutral, since otherwise they would attracted charged particles of opposite sign and quickly become neutral. Therefore the Reissner-Nordström metric is largely of theoretical interest.

A far more realistic situation occurs when the black hole is spinning (i.e. has nonzero angular momentum). Then the Schwarzschild solution is insufficient (as it was for the charged case), and instead one turns to the Kerr metric. Since astrophysical black holes are generically believed to have angular momentum, this is the solution that best describes them. Among the more interesting consequences of the Kerr metric is the phenomenon of frame dragging, in which the rotating black hole literally pulls nearby spacetime along with it.

If one wishes to consider a black hole that is both charged and spinning, one employs the Kerr-Newman metric, which combines the Reissner-Nordström and Kerr metrics. Since the no-hair theorem states that (non-quantum) black holes are unique up to mass, charge, and angular momentum, the Kerr-Newman metric is sufficient to describe any classical black hole.

===Time and Distance===
Within a certain distance from an arbitrarily small distribution of mass — a distance now known as the [[Schwarzschild radius]] — the curvature of spacetime becomes so great that no paths leading away from the mass exist. That is to say, a test particle released inside the Schwarzschild radius will inevitably move in toward the mass, not because the force of gravity is great as in the Newtonian approximation, but because spacetime is curved to such an extent that ''no other directions exist.'' A particle within the Schwarzschild radius can no more move further from the central mass than it can go backwards in time. In fact, from the frame of reference of an infalling observer beyond the Schwarzschild radius, all directions that once pointed away from the central mass now point backwards in time. Once inside the Schwarzschild radius, further motion toward the central mass is as inevitable as further motion through time is for any other observer.

For some time after the publication of the Schwarzschild solution, the validity of these results was hotly debated. In the solution's original coordinate frame, some terms in the equations ''diverged,'' or became infinite, at the Schwarzschild radius, leading physicists to wonder whether the results of the equations in that region had any valid physical interpretation. One proposed interpretation was that at the Schwarzschild radius, all time for the infalling observer would stop. This led to the use of the term "frozen stars;" it wasn't believed frozen stars were cold, but rather that they were literally frozen in time.

Later refinement of the Schwarzschild solution demonstrated that the apparent infinities were merely an artifact of the coordinate frame chosen, and that an infalling observer in fact can pass beyond the Schwarzchild radius. In fact, the equations predicted he would notice no effects when doing so. But any attempt on the part of that infalling observer to communicate with the outside universe, say by sending a radio message, would be doomed to failure, as the radio waves would traverse geodesics through the severely curved spacetime and end up bent toward the central mass. From this, we can say that nothing that occurs within the Schwarzschild radius can ever affect events outside the Schwarzschild radius. This gives the Schwarzschild radius of a non-rotating black hole its other name: the [[event horizon]].

===Inside the Event Horizon===
What actually exists inside the event horizon of a black hole is a question physics is unable to answer. Some postulate that within the event horizon exists a point of zero (or nearly zero) volume but infinite energy density, a point sometimes referred to as a ''gravitational singularity,'' after the notion of a mathematical singularity (a term referring to a point in an equation at which one would have to solve by dividing by zero, a feat presently impossible in mathematics) in a field equation. Others suspect that infinite energy density is a physical impossibility, and that a black hole contains actual finitely-dense matter compressed into a [[degenerate matter|degenerate]] form, such as quark-degenerate matter. Since all black holes are surrounded by an event horizon which prevents any information or messages from leaving, all these theories are non-[[falsifiable]]; we can never be sure what the interior structure of a black hole is like.

===Properties of Black Holes===

Black holes described with classical mechanics only have three intrinsic properties by which one differs from another: mass, electric charge, and angular momentum. Mass describes the amount of matter inside the event horizon. Angular momentum refers to whether the black hole is stationary or rotating around an axis. While the singularity of a non-rotating black hole may be an infinitely small point, the singularity of a rotating black hole would be in the shape of an infinitely thin ring. Quantum mechanics, which postulates that information loss cannot occur in a black hole, suggests properties beyond the three suggested by classical physics. Using this description, information must also be emitted by black holes. This radiation, referred to as Hawking Radiation, is thermal radiation that has currently only been described mathematically.

Although radiation from inside the event horizon has not yet been observed, there is much phenomenon that occurs outside the horizon due to the black hole. Matter entering a spinning black hole is first swirled around by the black hole’s gravity, causing it to heat up and emit x-rays, which can be used to detect the black hole. In the supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies, some of the matter does not fall into the black hole. Instead it is blasted into space in twin jets of hot gas perpendicular to the accretion disc, in a phenomenon known as an Active Galactic Nucleus.

==Origins of Black Holes==
[[Image:Hs-2005-02-e-web.jpg|right|thumb|300px|The [[red supergiant]] star V838 Monocerotis, an example of one type of star which may become a black hole.]]
Stellar-mass black holes are said to form when stars more than ten times the mass of the Sun run out of fuel and die. The process of death occurs when stars that have fused the products of their own fusion into larger and larger elements, up to iron. The star then tries to fuse the iron core that forms as a result, but this does not produce enough energy to hold the outer layers of the star apart against the pull of gravity. When this happens, the iron core at the center of the star implodes in a supernova, and the outer layers of the star are blasted into space in one of the most energetic events in the universe—one star going out in a supernova can give off as much light as an entire galaxy. Not all supernovae result in black holes, but if the mass of the core is large enough, about 1.5-3.0 times the mass of the Sun (this value is termed the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit, and its value is not yet known to great precision), the leftover gravity of the shrinking core stalls the outward rush of the initial blast, and crushes the core into a point of infinite density: a black hole.

Extremely small black holes, with masses of around 1015 grams, have been theorized to have formed in the early universe. Any sufficiently small primordial black hole would be expected to evaporate within the lifetime of the universe, but the rate of evaporation is not currently known with any certainty.

At the opposite end of the spectrum, objects with the characteristics of supermassive black holes, millions or billions of times more massive than the sun, have been detected at the centers of many [[galaxies]], including our own [[Milky Way]]. In our galaxy, the hypothesized supermassive black hole is in the constellation Sagittarius, and is known as Sagittarius A* (pronounced "A star"). Based on the extraordinary angular velocity of stars near the galactic center, Sagittarius A* is believed to be on the order of two to three million solar masses. It is unknown how supermassive black holes form, though several models have been proposed. One hypothesis simply begins with a black hole of stellar mass which grows over the lifetime of the galaxy that surrounds it. Another proposal describes supermassive black holes as a natural, in fact nearly unavoidable, consequence of galactic formation. To date, no one theory of supermassive black hole formation is favored over all others.

Physicists trying to understand the theory of black hole formation have once again hit a dead end.<ref>http://www.fromquarkstoquasars.com/new-research-mathematically-proves-quantum-effects-stop-formation-black-holes/</ref>

==Methods of Observation==

Since black holes are literally invisible by traditional means of observation and so cannot be directly observed, their nature is determined from phenomena outside of the Schwarzschild radius. Scientists have located and observed objects theorized to be black holes through indirect means, such as the effect of their gravitational pull on nearby stars. Stars that are near black holes, e.g. by being part of a binary star system that contains one, show wobbles in their orbits similar to the tidal effects of the moon on Earth’s oceans. Wobble effects, however, cannot be used to conclusively prove the existence of a black hole. <ref>http://library.thinkquest.org/C007571/english/advance/english.htm</ref><ref>''Black Holes'' by Heather Cooper and Nigel Henbest (book)</ref> Scientists have also observed stellar objects which have density consistent with black holes<ref>http://amazing-space.stsci.edu/resources/explorations/blackholes/lesson/whatisit/history.html</ref>.

While matter and energy, even light, may not escape a black hole, Stephen Hawking has shown that when described by quantum mechanics, they should emit [[Hawking radiation]], which absent of an influx of mass-energy would lead to the evaporation of the black hole in a burst of gamma rays. Scientists are currently working to pick up one of these bursts, or the radiation itself, with any of several land- and space-based telescopes. However, the matter falling into black holes as well as the [[cosmic microwave background]] obscures the radiation and makes detection extremely difficult.

==Speculative Future Exploration==

Scientists have speculated that if a rotating black hole is large enough, a person could pass through the center of the ring-shaped singularity and possibly enter a wormhole. However, it would have to be a very large hole, for if it were not, the hypothetical astronaut would never survive to reach the event horizon due to tidal forces.

Matter coming close to the event horizon of a small black hole undergoes a process called spaghettification, a term coined by Stephen Hawking in his book ''A Brief History of Time'' to describe extraordinarily strong tidal forces. Because the mass at the center of the black hole is so dense, the gravitational pull on the near end of an object is much greater than the pull on the object’s far end. This causes the object to be stretched out in a way resembling a piece of spaghetti, and generally torn in two.

==White Holes==
Because the [[Quantitative Introduction to General Relativity|general relativity equations]] are symmetric with respect to time, one can take a negative square root instead of positive to yield an equation describing a hypothetical object which expels, rather than attracts, matter and energy.<ref>http://cosmology.berkeley.edu/Education/BHfaq.html#q10</ref> As this is the exact opposite of a black hole, it is called a '''white hole'''.

However, there is no evidence white holes actually exist. If they generate new matter and energy, this would violate the [[Law of the conservation of mass]]. Therefore, some scientists have proposed that matter falling into black holes goes through a [[wormhole]] to emerge at a white hole. While such wormholes are allowed by general relativity, they would be extremely unstable<ref>http://casa.colorado.edu/~ajsh/schww.html</ref>, and there is no evidence that they exist.

Scientists, who have been extremely eager to promote the idea of black hole existence, have shown a strong aversion to the white hole theory, even though, like a white hole, a black hole has never been observed directly. This may reflect an anti-creation bias on the part of scientists who are uncomfortable with the idea that matter and energy can be created outside of what scientific theories dictate should happen.

Dr. [[Russell Humphreys]] used a white hole in his model of the universe during [[Creation week]] to allow millions of years to pass in outer space while only three days passed on Earth.

==In Popular Culture==

Black holes have been a device in science fiction ever since their discovery. Many sci-fi books, movies, and television shows use black holes as a method of travel (see the Potential Future Exploration section above) or as a threat to a space-going vessel. In at least one season of the show ''Star Trek: the Next Generation'' by Gene Roddenberry, artificially created miniature black holes are used as power sources for spaceships and natural ones as incubators for the young of an alien race. Neither of these uses has much of a basis in reality, of course.

Contrary to popular myth, a black hole is not a cosmic vacuum cleaner. In other words, a one-solar-mass black hole is no better than any other one-solar-mass object (such as, for example, the Sun) at "sucking in" distant objects. However, a one-solar-mass black hole has the same amount of matter as any other one-solar-mass object but compressed into a much smaller space, making it impossible to move fast enough to leave a black hole once there. If a spaceship could land on a black hole, it would never be able to take off again.

The term "black hole" is also used as a metaphor for a place that it is hard to get out of, generally containing a high concentration of something unpleasant. Ex: "The inner city is a black hole of crime and drug use." Note that the Black Hole of Calcutta is ''not'' a reference to the celestial object; the name of the place predates the discovery of black holes in space and the Black Hole of Calcutta was a horrible underground prison in [[Calcutta]], India.

{{Relativity}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

*[http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l2/black_holes.html Black Holes]
*[http://cosmology.berkeley.edu/Education/BHfaq.html Black Holes (Frequently Asked Questions)]

[[category: physics]]
[[Category:Relativity]]
[[Category:Liberal Falsehoods]]

Terrorism

2015-04-02T17:47:07Z

KennethAlberty: /* Leftist (Radical) Terrorism */ fixed grammer

'''[[Terrorism]]''' is defined by the US [[Department of Defense]] as "''the unlawful use of -- or threatened use of -- force or violence against individuals or property to coerce or intimidate governments or societies, often to achieve political, religious, or ideological objectives.''"

==Terrorist==
One who uses [[terroristic tactics]] to coerce behavior in another person or group is generally considered to fall under the definition of the term "terrorist". One who uses such terroristic tactics ([[suicide bombing]], [[sniper]], [[assassination]], [[random bombing]], etc.) can often be described as such. Aeroflight in the UK [http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/definitions.htm], defines it as: ''"One who utilizes the systematic use of violence and/or intimidation to achieve political objectives, while disguised as a civilian non-combatant. The use of a civilian disguise while on operations exempts the perpetrator from protection under the [[Geneva Convention]]s, and consequently if captured they are liable for prosecution as common criminals."''

==Terrorism==
Terrorism is the use of terror (fear), violence, and intimidation to achieve an end. Terrorism also refers to any fear and subjugation produced by this. The term is also used to describe violence or other harmful acts committed (or threatened) against civilians by groups or persons for political or ideological goals. Terrorism is the unlawful use or threatened use, of force, ''intimidation'', and/or violence by a person or an organized group against people or property with the intention of intimidating or coercing societies or governments, often for ideological or political reasons.

===Leftist (Radical) Terrorism===

[[Leftist]] Terrorism, often referred to as radical terrorism, is terrorism that embraces the fringe left side of the political spectrum (Countries that are hostile to dissident terrorist movements often also see violence from the far left as well). Radical terrorists are future orientated. That is, radicals believe that they are currently being oppressed by some current government, ideology or regime, and therefore they should overthrow that oppressor and install a better government. Radical terrorists often operate with the belief that it is possible to create a utopia for the people. Radicals generally follow the beliefs of [[Karl Marx]] and [[Lenin]], with emphasis on the idea of Lenin's [[vanguard party]]. Leftist terrorists often choose symbolic targets that emphasize what they see as an oppressor to the working class. Leftist terrorist tend to target buildings and governmental structures that represent [[capitalism]], or assassinate government leaders and capitalists. Leftist terrorists are self-characterized as the young, self-educated elites of society, who are destined to both weaken the oppressive government and at the same time expose the weakness of the government to the exploited workforce. Radicals also tend to be more exclusive with what issues they champion. Often, very narrow radicals will focus on one issue, resulting in [[animal rights]], [[feminist]], and eco-terrorists. Radical groups often operated in highly organized and clandestine groups, easily recognizable and orderly. However, leftist groups often had internal divisions in the larger groups that often broke off to create new group.<ref>Gus Martin. Understanding Terrorism: Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues.</ref>

====Famous Radical Groups====

*[[Al-Qaeda]]
*[[Animal Liberation Front]]
*[[Earth Liberation Front]]
*[[Front de libération du Québec]]
*[[Irish Republican Army]]
*[[John Brown Anti-Klan Committee]]
*[[May 19th Communist Organization]]
*[[Muslim Brotherhood]]
*[[Prairie Fire Organizing Committee]]
*[[Red Army Faction]]
*[[Revolutionary Organization 17 November]]
*[[Symbionese Liberation Army]]
*[[Weather Underground Organization]]
*[[Youth International Party]]

===Right (Reactionary) Terrorism===

Historically, reactionary terrorism has been less organized and less symbolic than leftist terrorists. Reactionary terrorists, like radical terrorists, see the current government as corrupt, but unlike radical leftists, reactionaries do not see the current government as needing revolutionary change. Rather, reactionaries view the government as a perversion of some older, better, government or social order. Reactionary terrorist violence is an attempt to regain the lost government and return to "order" and status quo. Reactionary violence is often justified by a use of mysticism about the old order. Scapegoating is a common tactic among reactionary terrorists to create an enemy for which to blame for the current order. Historical scapegoats among reactionary terrorists have included [[Jew]]s, foreigners, [[homosexual]]s, [[atheist]]s, leftists, blacks, [[illegal immigrant]]s, and other racial minorities. Reactionary groups often defined by racial supremacy and a sense of order. Goals of reactionary terrorist include the delegation of minorities back to secondary status with respect to the national majority and a creation of a strong government to sustain order and prevent chaos through a police state. It should be noted however that due to conspiracy theories prevalence in the American fringe right, American reactionaries do not seek the creation of a strong government. Reactionaries often act as individuals or small groups and are not as discriminate with their targets as are leftist groups. This is partially due to the lack of unity between reactionaries and the scope of reactionary targets, often encompassing entire races.<ref>Gus Martin. Understanding Terrorism: Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues.</ref>

====Famous Reactionary Groups====

*[[Ku Klux Klan]]
*[[Skinheads]]
*[[New Order]]

== Domestic terrorists ==
In describing domestic terrorism before the House Resources Committee on February 12, 2002, James F. Jarboe, Domestic Terrorism Section Chief of the FBI's Counterterrorism Division, stated:
:''"Domestic terrorism is the unlawful use, or threatened use, of violence by a group or individual based and operating entirely within the United States (or its territories) without foreign direction, committed against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. During the past decade we have witnessed dramatic changes in the nature of the terrorist threat. In the 1990s, right-wing extremism overtook left-wing terrorism as the most dangerous domestic terrorist threat to the country. During the past several years, special interest extremism, as characterized by the [[Animal Liberation Front]] (ALF) and the [[Earth Liberation Front]] (ELF), has emerged as a serious terrorist threat. Generally, extremist groups engage in much activity that is protected by constitutional guarantees of free speech and assembly. Law enforcement becomes involved when the volatile talk of these groups transgresses into unlawful action. The FBI estimates that the ALF/ELF have committed more than 600 criminal acts in the United States since 1996, resulting in damages in excess of 43 million dollars."'' [http://www.fbi.gov/congress/congress02/jarboe021202.htm]

The following organizations have been accused by the FBI of being involved with domestic terrorism:
*[[Animal Liberation Front]]
*[[Black Liberation Army]]
*[[Earth Liberation Front]]
*[[Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional]] (FALN)
*[[Ku Klux Klan]]
*[[Symbionese Liberation Army]]
*[[Army of God]]
*[[Weather Underground]]

== International ==

*[[Al-Qaeda]]

*[[PIRA]]

*[[Hamas]]

==Terrorism and the Media==

The prime goal of any terrorist is [[mass media]] exposure. Terrorism cannot recruit new initiates like regular armies, rather when they run out of discontented radicals within their state, they must rely on the media to spread their message. Therefore, media outlets and the press must be careful when choosing a story, as often running a story about a terrorist attack just creates more support for a terrorist cause.

== Groups Considered by the United States to be Terrorist Organizations ==
<ref>http://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/other/des/123085.htm</ref>
*[[Abu Nidal Organization]]
*[[Abu Sayyaf]]
*[[Aum Shinrikyo]]
*[[ETA]]
*[[Gama’a al-Islamiyya]]
*[[Hamas]]
*[[Harakat ul-Mujahidin]]
*[[Hizballah]]
*[[Kahane Chai]]
*[[PKK]]
*[[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]]
*[[National Liberation Army]]
*[[Palestine Liberation Front]]
*[[Palestinian Islamic Jihad]]
*[[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]]
*[[PFLP-General Command]]
*[[Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia]]
*[[Revolutionary Organization 17 November]]
*[[Revolutionary People’s Liberation Party/Front]]
*[[Shining Path]]
*[[Al-Qaeda]]
*[[Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan]]
*[[Real Irish Republican Army]]
*[[Jaish-e-Mohammed]]
*[[Lashkar-e Tayyiba]]
*[[Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade]]
*[[Asbat al-Ansar]]
*[[al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb]]
*[[Communist Party of the Philippines/New People's Army]]
*[[Jemaah Islamiya]]
*[[Lashkar i Jhangvi]]
*[[Ansar al-Islam]]
*[[Continuity Irish Republican Army]]
*[[Libyan Islamic Fighting Group]]
*[[al-Qaida in Iraq]]
*[[Islamic Jihad Union]]
*[[Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group]]
*[[Harakat ul-Jihad-i-Islami/Bangladesh]]
*[[al-Shabaab]]
*[[Revolutionary Struggle]]
*[[Kata'ib Hizballah]]
*[[al-Qa'ida in the Arabian Peninsula]]
*[[Harakat ul-Jihad-i-Islami]]
*[[Tehrik-e Taliban Pakistan]]
*[[Jundallah]]
*[[Army of Islam]]
*[[Indian Mujahedeen]]
*[[Jemaah Anshorut Tauhid]]
*[[Abdallah Azzam Brigades]]
*[[Haqqani Network]]
*[[Ansar al-Dine]]
*[[Boko Haram]]
*[[Ansaru]]
*[[al-Mulathamun Battalion]]
*[[Ansar al-Shari'a in Benghazi]]
*[[Ansar al-Shari'a in Darnah]]
*[[Ansar al-Shari'a in Tunisia]]
*[[Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis]]
*[[al-Nusrah Front]]
*[[Mujahidin Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem]]

==Groups directly or indirectly supporting terrorists==
The following organizations within the United States have either directly supported terrorist organizations world-wide through the use of money contributions or media influence, or have prevented enforcement of the laws on the books via court petitions and lawsuits:
*[[Noraid]]

== Groups receiving CIA support ==
The American CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) has the stated objective of ''"Conducting covert action at the direction of the President to preempt threats or achieve US policy objectives."''[https://www.cia.gov/cia/information/mission.html]. Over the course of its well-documented history, this has involved the establishment, funding and organization of various organizations some have regarded as terrorist, including:

*[[Front for the Advancement and Progress of Haïti]] (FRAPH)<ref>Reed Lindsay,[http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,,1163909,00.html ''Cold War returns to US backyard''], The Observer, March 7, 2004</ref>.

== War on terror ==

===Fighting terrorism===
*[http://lightonthings.blogspot.com#fight The Reality Show - The Watch the Fight] links to many sites that deal with the 'war on terror'.
*[[Fox News Channel|Fox News]] has compiled a [http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,335500,00.html list of known terror plots] thwarted by the U.S. government since Sept. 11, 2001.

==See Also==
*[[FBI Most Wanted Terrorist List]]
*[[September 11, 2001 attacks]]
*[[Charlie Hebdo]]: [[Essay:France Pays Dearly - Liberal Gun Control Laws and Gun Free Zones that Welcome Terrorists]]
*[[June 2007 UK terror attacks]]
*[[Osama Bin Laden]]
*[[Homicide Bombers]]
*[[Pyroterrorism]]
*[[Sudden Jihad Syndrome]]
*[[Suicide bomber: a personal account]]
*[[Atheism and terrorism]]
*[[Baruch Goldstein]]
*[[Arbi Barayev]]
* [[List of military strategies and concepts]]
* [[Guerrilla warfare]]
* [[Terroristic tactics]]
* Perpetural Wars: [[War on Terror]] and [[War on Drugs]]
* [[Second Amendment]]: [[Constitutional carry]], [[Self-defense]], [[Home security]], and [[Defense]] against [[Tyranny]] and [[Terrorist]]s
* [[Future Jihad: Terrorist Strategies Against America]]

==External Links==
*[http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/guideDesc.asp?is_campus_support=1 DiscoverTheNetworks.org - Campus Support For Terrorism]
*[http://www.aim.org/wls/category/terrorism/ What Liberals Say - Category: Terrorism], [[Accuracy In Media]]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7v1C0VUhyA A Hamas made video of one of their suicide bomber operations]

*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sOVhTFOPKxc&feature=related Failed suicide bombing attempt by anguishing 21 year old woman]

*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPU4UN03t7E&feature=related Failed suicide bombing attempt by 14 year old sent by his elders. His explanation why - because he was afraid of "the people" and because of "paradise"]
*[http://bertschlossberg.blogspot.de/2013/04/two-flags-multiple-explosions-one-god.html Two Flags, Multiple Explosions, One God, and no Escape]
*[http://bertschlossberg.blogspot.de/2013/04/two-flags-multiple-explosions-one-god.html Turkey's Islamic leader, Israel's Chief Rabbi, and Al Qaida's assassination attempt]

{{Terrorism}}

[[category:political Terms]]
[[Category:Terrorism]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Man-Made Disasters]]
[[Category:Threats]]
[[Category:Military Strategies and Concepts]]

Private Eye

2015-04-02T17:18:32Z

KennethAlberty: removing frivolity

'''''Private Eye''''' is a [[British]] satirical fortnightly magazine, founded in 1961 and currently edited by Ian Hislop. Its contents are a mixture of spoof news items, straight reporting and investigative journalism, cartoons, and an esoteric range of classified advertisements<ref>http://www.private-eye.co.uk/</ref>. It has a particular penchant for gossip about media and political figures. It has no overt political line, being to content to mock all British political parties for careerism and hypocrisy. The comedian Peter Cook was involved in the creation and running of Private Eye until his death, regularly contributing to columns and helping fund the large overheads which the publication and regular legal activity surrounding it incurred. The magazine uses a number of running gags; one of the most frequently employed, where the writers of an item run out of steam, is to break off by directing readers to a non-existent page. Example: "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet (contd. p94)".

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Magazines]]

App

2015-03-28T18:28:24Z

KennethAlberty:

An '''app''', short for "application", is [[software]] that runs on a computer or smart phone (such as [[Android]] or iPhone) in order to facilitate access to a website or a particular function.

[[Open source]] apps for the Android phone are widely available on the internet.

== See also ==

*[http://sudarmuthu.com/blog/10-more-open-source-android-apps-which-every-developer-must-look-into Top 10 New Open Source Android programs]
*[http://sudarmuthu.com/blog/10-open-source-android-apps-which-every-android-developer-must-look-into Top 10 Open Source older Android programs]
*[http://www.androidopensourceapplications.com/ Open source apps for Android]
[[Category:smart phone]]

Minecraft

2015-03-28T18:23:04Z

KennethAlberty:

'''Minecraft''' is a game created by [[Swedish]] game developer [[Markus Persson]], and later, by his company, [[Mojang AB]]. It has millions of players, and has been voted the top [[download]]able game by pcgamer<ref>^ a b Persson, Markus. "[http://www.minecraft.net/statistics Minecraft – Statistics]". Mojang. Archived from the original on 2011-01-12. Retrieved 2011-01-13.</ref> It is a sandbox building game, written in [[java]], originally by Swedish indie gamer, Markus Persson.<ref>[http://www.minecraft.net/game/credits creator of minecraft]</ref> Official releases for iOS and Android have been released and the full version of the PC game was released on November 18, 2011 at MineCon ('''M'''inecraft '''C'''onvention) 2011. The Android release was temporarily exclusive to the Xperia Play but is now available to the rest of the Android market. A version of the game for the Xbox 360 was released in 2012. The gameplay is heavily inspired by Infiniminer by Zachtronics Industries, and Dwarf Fortress by Bay 12 Games.
__TOC__
==History==
Minecraft was first released to the public on May 17, 2009, as a developmental "alpha" release. Although Persson maintained a day job with Jalbum.net at first, he later moved to working part time and has since quit in order to work on Minecraft full time as sales of the beta version of the game have expanded. Persson continues to update the game with releases distributed to users automatically. Persson plans to continue these updates after the release of the full game as long as there is still an active userbase. These updates have included features such as new items, new blocks, an alternate "Hell" dimension (accessible through construction of a portal) that Persson terms "The Nether", tamable wolves that assist the player, and changes to the game's behavior (e.g., how water flows).

==Gameplay==
Minecraft is heavily reliant on the gamer's [[creativity]], and is centered around construction. The game world is essentially made of cubical blocks arranged in a fixed grid pattern which represent different materials, such as dirt, stone, various ores, water, and tree trunks. While the players can move freely across the world, objects and items can only be placed at fixed locations relative to the grid. The player can gather these material "blocks" and place them elsewhere, thus potentially creating various constructions.The game starts by placing the player on the surface of a huge procedurally generated game world. The player can walk across the terrain consisting of plains, mountains, caves, and various water bodies. The world is also divided into biomes ranging from deserts to snowfields. The in-game time system follows a day and night cycle. Throughout the course of the game the player encounters various non-human creatures, referred to as mobs. During the daytime, non-hostile animals spawn, which can be hunted for food and crafting materials. Hostile monsters, such as large spiders, skeletons, zombies and the dangerous exploding "creeper" will spawn in unlit areas, such as in caves or during the night.

==Awards==
*Best Indie Game 2010
*Best Downloadable game 2010
*Best sandbox game 2011
*Best everyone's game 2010<ref>http://www.gamespot.com/minecraft</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Video Games]]

The Pirate Bay

2015-03-28T18:17:42Z

KennethAlberty:

'''The Pirate Bay''' is a [[Swedish]] [[website]] that indexes and tracks [[BitTorrent]] (.torrent) files. It bills itself as "the world's largest BitTorrent tracker". Many of the torrents it indexes contain unlicenced copies of copyrighted media. The Pirate Bay is the largest illegal download site in the internet.
[[Category:Websites]]
[[Category:Crime]]

The Pirate Bay

2015-03-28T18:17:32Z

KennethAlberty:

'''The Pirate Bay''' is a [[Swedish]] [[website]] that indexes and tracks [[BitTorrent]] (.torrent) files. It bills itself as "the world's largest BitTorrent tracker". Many of the torrents it indexes are unlicenced copies of copyrighted media. The Pirate Bay is the largest illegal download site in the internet.
[[Category:Websites]]
[[Category:Crime]]

First person shooters

2015-03-28T18:03:04Z

KennethAlberty:

'''First person shooters''' are games that involve a player to shoot some sort of target, often another player or a NPC. In most first person shooter (FPS) games, the objective is to get the most kills or at least more kills than the other team, often called a Death Match. In first person shooters, you are portrayed as the character while in third person shooters, you can see the character on the screen.

==FPS Games==
(Due to the growth of this genre, this list will always be incomplete)
*[http://SFront.ijji.com/ Soldier Front]
*[http://Combatarms.nexon.net/ Combat Arms]
*[http://WarRock.net/ War Rock]
*[http://QuakeLive.com Quake Live]
*[http://CrossFire.subagames.com/ Cross Fire]
*[[Halo|Microsoft's Halo series]]
[[Category:Video Games]]

Nintendo

2015-03-28T17:59:55Z

KennethAlberty:

[[Image:765px-Nintendo svg.png|right|thumb|Nintendo logo.]]
'''Nintendo''' is commonly known as one of the major [[video game]] [[hardware]] and [[software]] manufacturers in the world.

==Origins==
Nintendo got its start in [[Japan]] in 1889, as a company manufacturing cards for [[Hanafuda]], a Japanese [[card game]]. In the 1960s, it diversified into a number of ultimately unsuccessful product lines, including a [[toy]] company. In the 1970s, it moved into electronic gaming, where it was ultimately successful.

In 1981, it created the popular arcade game "[[Donkey Kong]]", which brought it international attention, and introduced Nintendo to the [[United States|American]] market. Nintendo's products in the United States are released through Nintendo of America, their American subsidiary. They are largely responsible for saving the console video game industry after the video game crash of 1983 with the creation of the Famicom (Known as the Nintendo Entertainment System outside of Japan).

The word 'Nintendo' (任天堂株式会社) is said by the companies own sources to literally translate to 'leave luck to [[heaven]]'<ref>Touch Generations: [http://www.touchgenerations.com/enGB/discover_nintendo/what_nintendo_means.php What Nintendo Means]</ref>. The term has its origins in [[gambling]] done with Hanafuda cards.

==Early restrictions on content==
Before the days of [[ESRB]] video game ratings, Nintendo maintained a strict policy banning the inclusion of pornography in games made for it's consoles as they feared "their name would be forever tarnished." Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe also banned games containing blood, graphic or domestic violence, drug use, and political messages. However, NOA and NOE also were alleged to ban religious symbols in games, although in Legend of Zelda symbols religious symbols were still shown. These policies vanished when ESRB started rating video games.

==Nintendo Video game systems==
[[Image:Bible_adventures.jpg|right|190px|thumb|An unlicensed NES game cartridge.]]
*[[NES]] - Nintendo Entertainment System.
*[[Game Boy]] - A classic handheld games console.
*[[Super Nintendo Entertainment System|SNES]] - Super Nintendo, a 16-bit console.
*[[Virtual Boy]] - A mobile system which utilised 2 screens to provide a 3D view.
*[[N64]] - [[Nintendo 64]], Nintendo's first 64bit console.
*[[GBC]] - Game Boy Color, evolution of the original with a color screen.
*[[GBA]] - Game Boy Advance, a 32bit handheld.
*[[GBA SP]]- Game Boy Advance SP, an upgraded version of the Game Boy Advance.
*[[GameCcube]] - Nintendo's entry to the 128bit console war with Sony's PS2 ([[Playstation2]]) & Microsoft [[Xbox]].
*[[DS]] - An innovative 64bit handheld.
*[[DS Lite]] - Nintendo DS Lite, an improved version of the original.
*[[DSi]] - vastly improved version of the DS, with a completly updated [[Operating System]] and featuring, two cameras, downloadable content available for free or real world money (includes a free internet web
browser), and an SD card expansion slot.
*[[Wii]] - Nintendo's seventh generation console which competed with the Mircosoft[[Xbox 360]] & the Sony[[Playstation 3]].<ref>http://nexgenwars.com/</ref>
*[[Nintendo 3DS]]- New version of the DS with stereoscopic 3D graphic (true 3D) capabilities and new game library with DS backward compatibility.
*[[WiiU]]- Nintendo's eighth generation console .
===Nintendo Entertainment System===
The '''Nintendo Entertainment System''', commonly known as the NES for short and as the '''Famicom''' (short for '''Family Computer''') in [[Japan]], is an 8-bit [[video game]] console manufactured by the Japanese company [[Nintendo]], first released in 1985. In Japan later on, an upgrade called the '''Famicom Disk System''' was released. The NES was released by [[Hyundai]] in [[South Korea]] as the '''Comboy'''. The NES was the first console released by Nintendo and was the best selling console of its time. Nintendo released the NES after successes in the arcade with games such as ''Donkey Kong'' and ''Popeye''. The NES is known for revitalizing the video game industry after its 1983 crash. The NES came with a copy of ''[[Super Mario Bros.]]'' and ''Duck Hunt''.

The main competitor of the NES was Sega who, after the Genesis was released, created a promotional campaign ''Genesis Does What Nintendon't''. Soon after that, Nintendo released the [[SNES]].

Unlicensed clones, dubbed Famiclones, are sold due to the lack of original hardware remaining. The first Famiclones were illegal and sold while the NES was produced in markets where the NES was not introduced. They were introduced in North America by companies such as Yobo and Retro Duo and are considered legitimate, due to NES hardware patents expiring. They have mixed compatibility rates, but Yobo and Retro Duo units function well.

:Notable Games
*''[[Bible Adventures]]''
*''[[Bomberman]]''
*''[[Dr. Mario]]''
*''[[Kirby's Adventure]]''
*''[[The Legend of Zelda]]''
*''[[Metroid]]''
*''[[StarTropics]]''
*''[[Super Mario Bros]]''
*''[[Donkey Kong (game)|Donkey Kong]]''
===Game Boy===
'''Game Boy''' is a line of portable [[video game]] systems developed by [[Nintendo]]. However, the term "Game Boy" usually refers to the original Nintendo Game Boy.

The original Game Boy made its debut in 1989, and was about [[inch|4″ x 7″]] in size. In 1997 the Game Boy Pocket was released, measuring at a reduced 3″ x 5″. In 1998, the Game Boy Color was released, succeeding the monochrome original. In 2001 a complete update was made to the line with the Game Boy Advance. The Advance included a new shape, improved sound, and more complex graphics (from 8 bit to 32 bit). Due to complaints over the Advance's lack of a back light, the upgraded Game Boy Advance SP was released in 2003; the SP had a folding case, an LCD screen with back light, and a rechargeable lithium battery. Currently, Nintendo's stake in the portable gaming market is based on the [[Nintendo DS]] (2005).
===Super Nintendo Entertainment System===
The '''Super Nintendo Entertainment System''' ('''SNES''', '''Super NES''' or '''Super Nintendo''' for short), known as the '''Super Famicom''' in [[Japan]], and the '''Super Comboy''' in [[South Korea]] is a 16-bit [[video game]] console first released in 1991 by [[Nintendo]]. It was the successor to the company's [[NES|Nintendo Entertainment System]] and predecessor to the [[Nintendo 64]]. Although the hardware is extremely similar, each have a regional lockout chip to prevent a console from one region from playing games from another. The SNES was the best-selling console of the 16-bit era of video games, despite having a late start against its main competitor, the [[Sega Genesis]].

:Notable Games
*''[[Chrono Trigger]]''
*''[[EarthBound]]''
*''[[Final Fantasy II]]''
*''[[Final Fantasy III]]''
*''[[The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past]]
*''[[Star Fox]]''
*''[[Street Fighter II]]''
*''[[Super Mario World]]''
*''[[Super Metroid]]''
===Nintendo 64===
The '''Nintendo 64''' is a gaming console released by [[Nintendo]] in 1996. The console gained acute popularity with first-party titles. The Nintendo 64 was the third home console released by Nintendo and succeeded the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]]. The console's main competitor was the [[Sony]] [[PlayStation]], and it had a major advantage over the N64 because the PlayStation used discs rather than cartridges like the N64 and garnered much more third-party support. Despite this, Nintendo produced some of their most notable gaming classics for this system.
===Nintendo DS===
The '''Nintendo DS''' is a [[video game]] system created by [[Nintendo]]. Its main features are its two screens (its name is an [[acronym]] for "Dual Screens" or "Developer System") and the touch-sensitivity of the bottom screen. Notable games include:
* [[Mario Kart]] DS
* [[New Super Mario Bros.]]
* [[The Legend of Zelda: The Phantom Hourglass]]
* [[Pokemon Diamond and Pearl]]
* [[Nintendogs]]
* [[Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney]]

A new version of the DS, the 'DS Lite' (which is slimmer and weighs less) has been released and an even newer version, the 'DSi' (featuring an internet browser among other features) has been released in Japan in 2008 and was released in the rest of the world in 2009.

The Nintendo 3DS is a video game system created by [[Nintendo]].It is a updated version of the [[DS]]. It has the ability to show 3D visuals, watch Netflix, has 3 cameras (2 in back and 1 in front), motion sensors, Miis, and a circle pad (similar to an analog stick on a controller). It can play DS games via game card and [[Gameboy]], [[Gameboy Color]], and [[Gameboy Advance]] games via the Virtual Console service. It is able to have the connect to WiFi (with Key) and connect with people around you while in sleep mode with a feature called Street Pass. It was released Febuary 2011 in Japan and March everywhere else.
===Nintendo GameCube===
The '''Nintendo GameCube''' is Nintendo's fourth home [[video game console]], belonging to the sixth generation era. The GameCube is the most compact and least expensive of the sixth generation era consoles. It is the successor to the [[Nintendo 64]] and the predecessor of the [[Wii]]. The home console was released on September 14, 2001 in [[Japan]]; November 18, 2001 in [[North America]]; May 3, 2002 in [[Europe]]; and May 17, 2002 in [[Australia]]. It was Nintendo's first console without a launch title starring Mario.
===Nintendo Wii===
[[Image:Wii.png|thumb|right|200px|Click for a high resolution view.]]
The '''Nintendo Wii''' is a video game console launched on November 2006 and has sold 50 million units worldwide. Its major selling point is the inclusion of motion sensitive controllers the "Wiimote" and "Nunchuk". That ability is to ''swing'' at golf, ''throw'' a bowling ball, and ''punch'' with boxing provides the virtual game challenge experience. Since your fingers do not operate a game controller like all previous platforms to date, this truly becomes a next generation console. It is a physical experience and provides good cardiovascular movements. Recently, Nintendo has introduced the Wii ''"Fit"'' title along with it a balance board. This extended functionality allows the user to do [[yoga]], ski, hoola-hoop, hit soccer balls with your head, and strength training. In July 2009, the ''"Wiimote"'' received a boost of improved sensitivity with the addition of a remote device extension. Increased range of motion games are offered with the Wii Resort package which include canoe races and ping-pong. The console is truly backwards compatible, allowing games of previous Nintendo consoles to play on the Wii such as GameCube games. Popular games for Wii include [[Wii Sports]], Wii Play, Super Smash Brothers Brawl,
Mario, Legend of Zelda series, Super Mario Galaxy, and Super Paper Mario.

Game characters/players are crafted by the user called ''Mii''. This personalized experience allows you to art design your avatar for use throughout the series of games. Gather enough skills and earn professional status. As you achieve better results with the Wii, Nintendo makes your Mii's challenge harder.

Nintendo provides an online service, Wii ''"Connect24"'' for game downloads, device updates, weather, contests and other community oriented features. Points purchased at neighborhood stores unlock Wii ''"Shop"'' downloads. The console has built-in WiFi for access to the Internet.

Nintendo has always catered to [[family-friendly]] entertainment. The Wii console comes with Parental Controls. The next-generation consoles from [[Microsoft]] and [[Sony]] have much more detailed, hi-resolution images and increased processing power with which to play hundreds of blood-and-guts games. By comparison, of the tens-of-hundreds of games available from Nintendo, only two Wii games have mature PG17 content. In addition, Nintendo has drawn-in millions of new ''gamers'' who would not have stepped into the experience if it were not for the Wii. Women, elderly men, children have an easy time grasping the simplified means of operating the console. It is not uncommon to find these consoles in use at pubs, conventions, holiday gatherings, for hospital physical therapy, the gym and more. The result has been enormous success in sales versus their competitors.

The design is roughly the size of a external DVD player making it highly portable. Due to the Wii's widespread adoption by the public, stories of injuries began making news cycles recently. Also, stories of flying ''Wiimotes'' and smashed flat screen TV's are common.

In 2012 the [[Wii U]] was published by Nintendo. This console has a Controller with a touchscreen.

* [http://www.channel3000.com/family/21067314/detail.html Cops Caught Playing Wii After Drug Raid]

==Notable series of Videogames by Nintendo==
===Nintendogs===
'''Nintendogs''' is a [[virtual pet]] [[video game]] created by [[Nintendo]] for the [[Nintendo DS]]. The game involves caring for one or more virtual [[dog|dogs]]. Four versions were released, [[Dachsund]] and Friends, [[Labrador]] and Friends, [[Chihuahua]] and Friends, and [[Dalmation]] and Friends. However, all breeds are available in all versions.
The dogs can be taught tricks or actions, including unorthodox ones (for instance, by using the stylus to pull a dogs leg into the air, you can teach it a trick akin to a salute). These tricks are performed by the dog upon the shouting of a command (set by the player) into the DS microphone.

[[Category:Video Games]]
[[Category:Nintendo]]
[[File:Wii sports.jpg|right|200px]]
===Wii Sports===
'''''Wii Sports''''' ([[ESRB]] rating: E) is a [[video game]] that formerly came packaged with the [[Wii|Nintendo Wii]] (and now is sold separately as part of Nintendo's hit line up). Nintendo has sold 50 million Wii's, so by far the most popular Wii game in widespread use. It contains five games: [[Baseball]], [[Tennis]], [[Bowling]], [[Golf]], and [[Boxing]]. Also, unique training sessions for each sport. Up to four people can play at once with or without four Wiimotes. Also, you can measure your skill and stamina with the Wii Fitness Challenge, this will assign you a Wii fitness age.

Utilizing the Wiimotes motion-sensor technology instead of a game controller, you become a first person virtual reality athlete. In golf, you swing the Wiimote the same as you would a golf club. In bowling, you are tossing a ball (while holding onto the Wiimote). In Tennis, you are paired exclusively with a partner for matches. You may choose to go it alone in the tennis training session. In baseball, you are limited to hitting and pitching. Also, there are only three innings per game.

As your skills improve, the Wii responds by increasing the challenge. It is an excellent cardiovascular workout that is simple to operate. The English Queen Elizabeth has played Wii Sports. <ref>[http://www.people.co.uk/news/tm_headline=make-way-for-the-q-wii-n%26method=full%26objectid=20276099%26siteid=93463-name_page.html MAKE WAY FOR THE Q Wii N, People UK, January 6, 2008]</ref>

A sequel to ''Wii Sports'' was introduced called ''Wii Sports Resort''. It features an array of new games such as jousting, basketball, cycling, frisbee, archery, and the return of bowling and golf from the original game, with new improvements. This game was also the first game to use the Wii MotionPlus add-on.

===[[Mario (series)|Super Mario]]===
===[[The Legend of Zelda]]===
===[[Metroid]]===
===[[Pokemon]]===

== See also ==

*[[Japanese animation]]
*[[Sony]]

==References==

<references />

[[Category:Japanese Companies]]
[[Category:Nintendo]]

Xbox

2015-03-28T17:59:05Z

KennethAlberty: consistency with other articles on the subject of video games

The '''Xbox''' is a video game console designed and produced by [[Microsoft Corporation]]. It was Microsoft's first system to be launched into the gaming console market, and competed with [[Sony]]'s [[PlayStation]] 2, and the [[Nintendo]] GameCube. The Xbox was first released on November 15, 2001 in North America; February 22, 2002 in Japan; and on March 14, 2002 in Europe and Australia.

==Features==
* Over 500 games available
* Exclusive titles include Full Spectrum Warrior, Dead or Alive 3, and Fable
* Franchises including Grand Theft Auto III, Need for Speed Underground, Tom Clancy’s Splinter Cell, and now EA Sports franchise Madden NFL, NCAA Football, and FIFA Soccer.
* Online multiplayer via Xbox Live

==Technical Specifications==
*[[CPU]]: 32-bit 733 MHz [[Pentium]] III Coppermine-based Mobile Celeron in Micro-PGA2 package. 180 nm process.
**SSE floating point SIMD. 4 single-precision floating point numbers per clock cycle.
**MMX integer SIMD.
**133 MHz 64-bit GTL+ front side bus to GPU.
**32 KB L1 [[cache]]. 128 KB on-die L2 "Advanced Transfer Cache".
*Shared memory subsystem
**64 MB DDR SDRAM at 200 MHz; 6.4 GB/s
**Supplied by Hynix or Samsung depending on manufacture date and location.
*Graphics processing unit (GPU) and system chipset: 233 MHz "NV2A" ASIC. Co-developed by Microsoft and NVIDIA.
**4 pixel pipelines with 2 texture units each
**932 megapixels/second (233 MHz x 4 pipelines), 1,864 megatexels/second (932 MP x 2 texture units) (peak)
***115 million vertices/second, 125 million particles/second (peak)
***Peak triangle performance: 29,125,000 32-pixel triangles/sec raw or w. 2 textures and lit.
****485,416 triangles per frame at 60fps
****970,833 triangles per frame at 30fps
**4 textures per pass, texture compression, full scene anti-aliasing (NV Quincunx, supersampling, multisampling)
**Bilinear, trilinear, and anisotropic texture filtering
**2x – 5x (2.6 MB/s – 6.6 MB/s) CAV DVD-ROM
**8 or 10 GB, 3.5 in, 5,400 RPM hard disk. Formatted to 8 GB. FATX file system.
**Optional 8 MB memory card for saved game file transfer.
*Audio processor: NVIDIA "MCPX" (a.k.a. SoundStorm "NVAPU")
**64 3D sound channels (up to 256 stereo voices)
**HRTF Sensaura 3D enhancement
**MIDI DLS2 Support
**Monaural, Stereo, Dolby Surround, Dolby Digital Live 5.1, and dts Surround (DVD movies only) audio output options
*Integrated 10/100BASE-TX wired ethernet
*DVD movie playback
*A/V outputs: composite video, S-Video, component video, SCART, Optical Digital TOSLINK, and stereo RCA analog audio
*Resolutions: 480i, 576i, 480p, 720p and 1080i
*Controller Ports: 4 proprietary USB ports
*Weight: 3.86 kg (8.5 lb)
*Dimensions: 320 × 100 × 260 mm (12.5 × 4 × 10.5 in)

==Accessories==
===Audio/video connectors===
* Standard AV Cable
* RF Adapter
* Advanced AV Pack
* High Definition AV Pack
* Advanced SCART Cable

===Networking===
* Ethernet ('''Xbox''' Live) Cable
* Xbox Wireless Adapter
* Xbox Live Starter Kit
* System Link Cable

===Multimedia===
* '''Xbox''' Windows Media Center Extender
* [[DVD]] Playback Kit
* '''Xbox''' Music Mixer

===Controllers and removable storage===
* Standard '''Xbox''' Controller
* Controller S

==Official Sites==
*[http://www.xbox.com Official Xbox/Xbox 360 Website]
*[http://www.gamespot.com/xbox Xbox] at [[GameSpot]]
*[http://xbox.ign.com/ Xbox] at [[IGN]]
==Xbox 360==
The '''Xbox 360''' is a games console produced by the [[Microsoft]] coporation. It was first released in 2005. It was a successor to the moderately successful Xbox console. According to Microsoft, as of September 2008 over 22 million units had been sold and over 1000 games released for the console<ref>http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/microsoft-q1-revenue-up-9-per-cent</ref>. It was succeeded by the [[Xbox One]] in 2013.
==Xbox One==
The '''Xbox One''' is the third video game system in the [[Xbox]] family created by [[Microsoft]]. It was released on November 22, 2013, one week after the release of the Sony [[PlayStation]] 4, one of the two competitors to the system, with the other being the [[Wii U]].

===Used Game Controversy===
Initially, Microsoft had put security features in place that would not let Xbox One games be played on more that one console, effectively eliminating used games. However, when Sony announced the PlayStation 4 would be able to play used games, Microsoft scrapped this plan.

===Release===
The Xbox One launched on November 22, 2013 for $499. It also came with a Kinect camera. On June 9, 2014, Microsoft released another edition of the Xbox One without the Kinect camera, lowering the price to $399.
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Video Game Systems]]

Nintendo

2015-03-28T17:56:03Z

KennethAlberty:

[[Image:765px-Nintendo svg.png|right|thumb|Nintendo logo.]]
'''Nintendo''' is commonly known as one of the major [[video game]] [[hardware]] and [[software]] manufacturers in the world.

==Origins==
Nintendo got its start in [[Japan]] in 1889, as a company manufacturing cards for [[Hanafuda]], a Japanese [[card game]]. In the 1960s, it diversified into a number of ultimately unsuccessful product lines, including a [[toy]] company. In the 1970s, it moved into electronic gaming, where it was ultimately successful.

In 1981, it created the popular arcade game "[[Donkey Kong]]", which brought it international attention, and introduced Nintendo to the [[United States|American]] market. Nintendo's products in the United States are released through Nintendo of America, their American subsidiary. They are largely responsible for saving the console video game industry after the video game crash of 1983 with the creation of the Famicom (Known as the Nintendo Entertainment System outside of Japan).

The word 'Nintendo' (任天堂株式会社) is said by the companies own sources to literally translate to 'leave luck to [[heaven]]'<ref>Touch Generations: [http://www.touchgenerations.com/enGB/discover_nintendo/what_nintendo_means.php What Nintendo Means]</ref>. The term has its origins in [[gambling]] done with Hanafuda cards.

==Early restrictions on content==
Before the days of [[ESRB]] video game ratings, Nintendo maintained a strict policy banning the inclusion of pornography in games made for it's consoles as they feared "their name would be forever tarnished." Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe also banned games containing blood, graphic or domestic violence, drug use, and political messages. However, NOA and NOE also were alleged to ban religious symbols in games, although in Legend of Zelda symbols religious symbols were still shown. These policies vanished when ESRB started rating video games.

==Nintendo Video game systems==
[[Image:Bible_adventures.jpg|right|190px|thumb|An unlicensed NES game cartridge.]]
*[[NES]] - Nintendo Entertainment System.
*[[Game Boy]] - A classic handheld games console.
*[[Super Nintendo Entertainment System|SNES]] - Super Nintendo, a 16-bit console.
*[[Virtual Boy]] - A mobile system which utilised 2 screens to provide a 3D view.
*[[N64]] - [[Nintendo 64]], Nintendo's first 64bit console.
*[[GBC]] - Game Boy Color, evolution of the original with a color screen.
*[[GBA]] - Game Boy Advance, a 32bit handheld.
*[[GBA SP]]- Game Boy Advance SP, an upgraded version of the Game Boy Advance.
*[[Gamecube]] - Nintendo's entry to the 128bit console war with Sony's PS2 ([[Playstation2]]) & Microsoft [[Xbox]].
*[[DS]] - An innovative 64bit handheld.
*[[DS Lite]] - Nintendo DS Lite, an improved version of the original.
*[[DSi]] - vastly improved version of the DS, with a completly updated [[Operating System]] and featuring, two cameras, downloadable content available for free or real world money (includes a free internet web
browser), and an SD card expansion slot.
*[[Wii]] - Nintendo's seventh generation console which competed with the Mircosoft[[Xbox 360]] & the Sony[[Playstation 3]].<ref>http://nexgenwars.com/</ref>
*[[Nintendo 3DS]]- New version of the DS with stereoscopic 3D graphic (true 3D) capabilities and new game library with DS backward compatibility.
*[[WiiU]]- Nintendo's eighth generation console .
===Nintendo Entertainment System===
The '''Nintendo Entertainment System''', commonly known as the NES for short and as the '''Famicom''' (short for '''Family Computer''') in [[Japan]], is an 8-bit [[video game]] console manufactured by the Japanese company [[Nintendo]], first released in 1985. In Japan later on, an upgrade called the '''Famicom Disk System''' was released. The NES was released by [[Hyundai]] in [[South Korea]] as the '''Comboy'''. The NES was the first console released by Nintendo and was the best selling console of its time. Nintendo released the NES after successes in the arcade with games such as ''Donkey Kong'' and ''Popeye''. The NES is known for revitalizing the video game industry after its 1983 crash. The NES came with a copy of ''[[Super Mario Bros.]]'' and ''Duck Hunt''.

The main competitor of the NES was Sega who, after the Genesis was released, created a promotional campaign ''Genesis Does What Nintendon't''. Soon after that, Nintendo released the [[SNES]].

Unlicensed clones, dubbed Famiclones, are sold due to the lack of original hardware remaining. The first Famiclones were illegal and sold while the NES was produced in markets where the NES was not introduced. They were introduced in North America by companies such as Yobo and Retro Duo and are considered legitimate, due to NES hardware patents expiring. They have mixed compatibility rates, but Yobo and Retro Duo units function well.

:Notable Games
*''[[Bible Adventures]]''
*''[[Bomberman]]''
*''[[Dr. Mario]]''
*''[[Kirby's Adventure]]''
*''[[The Legend of Zelda]]''
*''[[Metroid]]''
*''[[StarTropics]]''
*''[[Super Mario Bros]]''
*''[[Donkey Kong (game)|Donkey Kong]]''
===Game Boy===
'''Game Boy''' is a line of portable [[video game]] systems developed by [[Nintendo]]. However, the term "Game Boy" usually refers to the original Nintendo Game Boy.

The original Game Boy made its debut in 1989, and was about [[inch|4″ x 7″]] in size. In 1997 the Game Boy Pocket was released, measuring at a reduced 3″ x 5″. In 1998, the Game Boy Color was released, succeeding the monochrome original. In 2001 a complete update was made to the line with the Game Boy Advance. The Advance included a new shape, improved sound, and more complex graphics (from 8 bit to 32 bit). Due to complaints over the Advance's lack of a back light, the upgraded Game Boy Advance SP was released in 2003; the SP had a folding case, an LCD screen with back light, and a rechargeable lithium battery. Currently, Nintendo's stake in the portable gaming market is based on the [[Nintendo DS]] (2005).
===Super Nintendo Entertainment System===
The '''Super Nintendo Entertainment System''' ('''SNES''', '''Super NES''' or '''Super Nintendo''' for short), known as the '''Super Famicom''' in [[Japan]], and the '''Super Comboy''' in [[South Korea]] is a 16-bit [[video game]] console first released in 1991 by [[Nintendo]]. It was the successor to the company's [[NES|Nintendo Entertainment System]] and predecessor to the [[Nintendo 64]]. Although the hardware is extremely similar, each have a regional lockout chip to prevent a console from one region from playing games from another. The SNES was the best-selling console of the 16-bit era of video games, despite having a late start against its main competitor, the [[Sega Genesis]].

:Notable Games
*''[[Chrono Trigger]]''
*''[[EarthBound]]''
*''[[Final Fantasy II]]''
*''[[Final Fantasy III]]''
*''[[The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past]]
*''[[Star Fox]]''
*''[[Street Fighter II]]''
*''[[Super Mario World]]''
*''[[Super Metroid]]''
===Nintendo 64===
The '''Nintendo 64''' is a gaming console released by [[Nintendo]] in 1996. The console gained acute popularity with first-party titles. The Nintendo 64 was the third home console released by Nintendo and succeeded the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]]. The console's main competitor was the [[Sony]] [[PlayStation]], and it had a major advantage over the N64 because the PlayStation used discs rather than cartridges like the N64 and garnered much more third-party support. Despite this, Nintendo produced some of their most notable gaming classics for this system.
===Nintendo DS===
The '''Nintendo DS''' is a [[video game]] system created by [[Nintendo]]. Its main features are its two screens (its name is an [[acronym]] for "Dual Screens" or "Developer System") and the touch-sensitivity of the bottom screen. Notable games include:
* [[Mario Kart]] DS
* [[New Super Mario Bros.]]
* [[The Legend of Zelda: The Phantom Hourglass]]
* [[Pokemon Diamond and Pearl]]
* [[Nintendogs]]
* [[Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney]]

A new version of the DS, the 'DS Lite' (which is slimmer and weighs less) has been released and an even newer version, the 'DSi' (featuring an internet browser among other features) has been released in Japan in 2008 and was released in the rest of the world in 2009.

The Nintendo 3DS is a video game system created by [[Nintendo]].It is a updated version of the [[DS]]. It has the ability to show 3D visuals, watch Netflix, has 3 cameras (2 in back and 1 in front), motion sensors, Miis, and a circle pad (similar to an analog stick on a controller). It can play DS games via game card and [[Gameboy]], [[Gameboy Color]], and [[Gameboy Advance]] games via the Virtual Console service. It is able to have the connect to WiFi (with Key) and connect with people around you while in sleep mode with a feature called Street Pass. It was released Febuary 2011 in Japan and March everywhere else.
===Nintendo Gamecube===
The '''Nintendo Gamecube''' is Nintendo's fourth home [[video game console]], belonging to the sixth generation era. The Gamecube is the most compact and least expensive of the sixth generation era consoles. It is the successor to the [[Nintendo 64]] and the predecessor of the [[Wii]]. The home console was released on September 14, 2001 in [[Japan]]; November 18, 2001 in [[North America]]; May 3, 2002 in [[Europe]]; and May 17, 2002 in [[Australia]]. It was Nintendo's first console without a launch title starring Mario.
===Nintendo Wii===
[[Image:Wii.png|thumb|right|200px|Click for a high resolution view.]]
The '''Nintendo Wii''' is a video game console launched on November 2006 and has sold 50 million units worldwide. Its major selling point is the inclusion of motion sensitive controllers the "Wiimote" and "Nunchuk". That ability is to ''swing'' at golf, ''throw'' a bowling ball, and ''punch'' with boxing provides the virtual game challenge experience. Since your fingers do not operate a game controller like all previous platforms to date, this truly becomes a next generation console. It is a physical experience and provides good cardiovascular movements. Recently, Nintendo has introduced the Wii ''"Fit"'' title along with it a balance board. This extended functionality allows the user to do [[yoga]], ski, hoola-hoop, hit soccer balls with your head, and strength training. In July 2009, the ''"Wiimote"'' received a boost of improved sensitivity with the addition of a remote device extension. Increased range of motion games are offered with the Wii Resort package which include canoe races and ping-pong. The console is truly backwards compatible, allowing games of previous Nintendo consoles to play on the Wii such as GameCube games. Popular games for Wii include [[Wii Sports]], Wii Play, Super Smash Brothers Brawl,
Mario, Legend of Zelda series, Super Mario Galaxy, and Super Paper Mario.

Game characters/players are crafted by the user called ''Mii''. This personalized experience allows you to art design your avatar for use throughout the series of games. Gather enough skills and earn professional status. As you achieve better results with the Wii, Nintendo makes your Mii's challenge harder.

Nintendo provides an online service, Wii ''"Connect24"'' for game downloads, device updates, weather, contests and other community oriented features. Points purchased at neighborhood stores unlock Wii ''"Shop"'' downloads. The console has built-in WiFi for access to the Internet.

Nintendo has always catered to [[family-friendly]] entertainment. The Wii console comes with Parental Controls. The next-generation consoles from [[Microsoft]] and [[Sony]] have much more detailed, hi-resolution images and increased processing power with which to play hundreds of blood-and-guts games. By comparison, of the tens-of-hundreds of games available from Nintendo, only two Wii games have mature PG17 content. In addition, Nintendo has drawn-in millions of new ''gamers'' who would not have stepped into the experience if it were not for the Wii. Women, elderly men, children have an easy time grasping the simplified means of operating the console. It is not uncommon to find these consoles in use at pubs, conventions, holiday gatherings, for hospital physical therapy, the gym and more. The result has been enormous success in sales versus their competitors.

The design is roughly the size of a external DVD player making it highly portable. Due to the Wii's widespread adoption by the public, stories of injuries began making news cycles recently. Also, stories of flying ''Wiimotes'' and smashed flat screen TV's are common.

In 2012 the [[Wii U]] was published by Nintendo. This console has a Controller with a touchscreen.

* [http://www.channel3000.com/family/21067314/detail.html Cops Caught Playing Wii After Drug Raid]

==Notable series of Videogames by Nintendo==
===Nintendogs===
'''Nintendogs''' is a [[virtual pet]] [[video game]] created by [[Nintendo]] for the [[Nintendo DS]]. The game involves caring for one or more virtual [[dog|dogs]]. Four versions were released, [[Dachsund]] and Friends, [[Labrador]] and Friends, [[Chihuahua]] and Friends, and [[Dalmation]] and Friends. However, all breeds are available in all versions.
The dogs can be taught tricks or actions, including unorthodox ones (for instance, by using the stylus to pull a dogs leg into the air, you can teach it a trick akin to a salute). These tricks are performed by the dog upon the shouting of a command (set by the player) into the DS microphone.

[[Category:Video Games]]
[[Category:Nintendo]]
[[File:Wii sports.jpg|right|200px]]
===Wii Sports===
'''''Wii Sports''''' ([[ESRB]] rating: E) is a [[video game]] that formerly came packaged with the [[Wii|Nintendo Wii]] (and now is sold separately as part of Nintendo's hit line up). Nintendo has sold 50 million Wii's, so by far the most popular Wii game in widespread use. It contains five games: [[Baseball]], [[Tennis]], [[Bowling]], [[Golf]], and [[Boxing]]. Also, unique training sessions for each sport. Up to four people can play at once with or without four Wiimotes. Also, you can measure your skill and stamina with the Wii Fitness Challenge, this will assign you a Wii fitness age.

Utilizing the Wiimotes motion-sensor technology instead of a game controller, you become a first person virtual reality athlete. In golf, you swing the Wiimote the same as you would a golf club. In bowling, you are tossing a ball (while holding onto the Wiimote). In Tennis, you are paired exclusively with a partner for matches. You may choose to go it alone in the tennis training session. In baseball, you are limited to hitting and pitching. Also, there are only three innings per game.

As your skills improve, the Wii responds by increasing the challenge. It is an excellent cardiovascular workout that is simple to operate. The English Queen Elizabeth has played Wii Sports. <ref>[http://www.people.co.uk/news/tm_headline=make-way-for-the-q-wii-n%26method=full%26objectid=20276099%26siteid=93463-name_page.html MAKE WAY FOR THE Q Wii N, People UK, January 6, 2008]</ref>

A sequel to ''Wii Sports'' was introduced called ''Wii Sports Resort''. It features an array of new games such as jousting, basketball, cycling, frisbee, archery, and the return of bowling and golf from the original game, with new improvements. This game was also the first game to use the Wii MotionPlus add-on.

===[[Mario (series)|Super Mario]]===
===[[The Legend of Zelda]]===
===[[Metroid]]===
===[[Pokemon]]===

== See also ==

*[[Japanese animation]]
*[[Sony]]

==References==

<references />

[[Category:Japanese Companies]]
[[Category:Nintendo]]

Kerbal Space Program

2015-03-28T17:46:43Z

KennethAlberty:

'''Kerbal Space Program''', known to its fans as "KSP", is a sandbox space-flight simulator game under development for [[Linux]], [[Windows]] and [[Mac OSX]]. The game revolves around a highly realistic space-flight program, where the players take charge of a fictional "Kerbal Space Agency". Though the game technically does not involve goals, the implied mission is to allow the "kerbalnauts" to explore the solar system. The game has been well received, largely due to its extensive modding (mods being extensions to the game) community. <ref>http://uk.ign.com/articles/2012/04/21/five-ridiculous-upcoming-games</ref>

==Gameplay==
The game revolves around the administration of the fictional "Kerbal Space Agency", primarily around the design of spacecraft, and the deployment of the user-generated spacecraft. To achieve these goals, the primary feature in game is a vehicle construction building, where players assemble spacecraft from parts that are either copies of, or closely related to modern day chemical rocket technology.<ref>http://wiki.kerbalspaceprogram.com/wiki/Plugins</ref> The game takes great pains to avoid science fiction, and has placed a focus on making the game play as similar to a real life space agency would create and deploy spacecraft. <ref>http://www.pcgamer.com/2012/08/06/now-playing-reaching-for-the-stars-in-kerbal-space-program</ref>

==See Also==
*[[NASA]] A real life space agency that KSP attempts to emulate

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Video Games]]