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Reconquista

2009-04-11T01:24:45Z

Lamashtu: + info

The '''Reconquista''' was the reconquest by [[Christian]]s of the Iberian Peninsula (nowadays [[Spain]] and [[Portugal]]), which was under [[Muslim]] control. The Reconquista lasted from c.722 AD with the success of [[Pelayo]] over the Muslim armies at [[Covadonga]], and was completed in 1492, when the Christian Spanish [[King]] [[Ferdinand]] and [[Queen]] [[Isabella]] gained control of the only remaining [[Moor]]ish enclave (the small [[Kingdom]] of [[Granada]] in southern Spain).

As part of the "Rechritianization" process after the long war which had seen non-Christians work with the Islamic invaders, the [[Spanish Inquisition]] was begun, and the [[Jewish]] population of Spain was expelled.

==Notable military, political and religious leaders==
===Muslims===
*[[Tariq ibn Ziyad]] (died 720), [[Berbers|Berber]] general. He started the conquest (711-718) of the Christian [[Visigoths|Visigothic]] Kingdom of Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula) for the [[Umayyad Caliphate]].
*[[Abd-ar-Rahman I]] (731-c.788), founder of the [[Emirate of Córdoba]].
*[[Abd-ar-Rahman III]] (c.891-961), founder of the [[Caliphate of Córdoba]], a new independent Muslim state in the Iberian Peninsula.
*[[Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir]] (or ''Almanzor'', c.938-1002), general and chancellor of Caliph Hisham II of Córdoba. Known for his raids on Christian territories. He sacked, among other towns, [[Barcelona]] (985) and [[Santiago de Compostela]] (997).
*[[Yusuf ibn Tashfin]] (1061–1106), [[Almoravids|Almoravid]] ruler. He commanded a new Muslim invasion of Iberia from North Africa.

===Christians===
*[[Pelagius]] (or Pelayo, died 737). Victor at the Battle of Covadonga (722) and founder of the Kingdom of Asturias, first Christian state after Muslim invasion.
*[[Ramiro II of León]] (c.898-951), nicknamed "''the Devil''" by his Muslims opponents because of his energy at war. He defeated [[Abd-ar-Rahman III]] at the Battle of Simancas (939).
*[[Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar]] (known as ''The Cid'', c.1040-1099), brilliant military leader. He took the city of Valencia in 1094.
*[[Alfonso VIII of Castile]] (1155-1214), he led a Christian coalition to a decisive victory in [[Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa|Las Navas]] (1212) against the [[Almohad Empire|Almohads]].
*[[Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada]] (1170-1247), archbishop of [[Toledo]] and historian. Moral leader of the war against the Almohad Empire. He began the building of Toledo's Gothic Cathedral and promoted the city's cultural life.
*[[James I of Aragon]] (1208-1276), nicknamed "''the Conqueror''". He achieved an important expansion of the [[Crown of Aragon]], that became a major political entity of Christian Iberia.

==References==
*Joseph F. O´Callaghan: ''Reconquest and crusade in Medieval Spain'', Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002, ISBN 0-8122-3696-3
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/timeline.html Timeline of the Reconquista], University of Calgary (Canada).

[[Category:Spanish History]]
[[Category:Wars related to Islam]]

Reconquista

2009-04-11T00:40:08Z

Lamashtu: + info

The '''Reconquista''' was the reconquest by [[Christian]]s of the Iberian Peninsula (nowadays [[Spain]] and [[Portugal]]), which was under [[Muslim]] control. The Reconquista lasted from c.722 AD with the success of [[Pelayo]] over the Muslim armies at [[Covadonga]], and was completed in 1492, when the Christian Spanish [[King]] [[Ferdinand]] and [[Queen]] [[Isabella]] gained control of the only remaining [[Moor]]ish enclave (the small [[Kingdom]] of [[Granada]] in southern Spain).

As part of the "Rechritianization" process after the long war which had seen non-Christians work with the Islamic invaders, the [[Spanish Inquisition]] was begun, and the [[Jewish]] population of Spain was expelled.

==Notable military, political and religious leaders==
===Muslims===
*[[Tariq ibn Ziyad]] (died 720), [[Berbers|Berber]] general. He started the conquest (711-718) of the Christian [[Visigoths|Visigothic]] Kingdom of Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula) for the [[Umayyad Caliphate]].
*[[Abd-ar-Rahman I]] (731-c.788), founder of the [[Emirate of Córdoba]].
*[[Abd-ar-Rahman III]] (c.891-961), founder of the [[Caliphate of Córdoba]], a new independent Muslim state in the Iberian Peninsula.
*[[Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir]] (or ''Almanzor'', c.938-1002), general and chancellor of Caliph Hisham II of Córdoba. Known for his raids on Christian territories. He sacked, among other towns, [[Barcelona]] (985) and [[Santiago de Compostela]] (997).
*[[Yusuf ibn Tashfin]] (1061–1106), [[Almoravids|Almoravid]] ruler. He commanded a new Muslim invasion of Iberia from North Africa.

===Christians===
*[[Pelagius]] (or Pelayo, died 737). Victor at the Battle of Covadonga (722) and founder of the Kingdom of Asturias, first Christian state after Muslim invasion.
*[[Ramiro II of León]] (c.898-951), nicknamed "''the Devil''" by his Muslims opponents because of his energy at war. He defeated [[Abd-ar-Rahman III]] at the Battle of Simancas (939).
*[[Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar]] (known as ''The Cid'', c.1040-1099), brilliant military leader. He took the city of Valencia in 1094.
*[[Alfonso VIII of Castile]] (1155-1214), he led a Christian coalition to a decisive victory in [[Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa|Las Navas]] (1212) against the [[Almohad Empire]].
*[[James I of Aragon]] (1208-1276), nicknamed "''the Conqueror''". He achieved an important expansion of the [[Crown of Aragon]], that became a major political entity of Christian Iberia.

==References==
*Joseph F. O´Callaghan: ''Reconquest and crusade in Medieval Spain'', Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002, ISBN 0-8122-3696-3
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/timeline.html Timeline of the Reconquista], University of Calgary (Canada).

[[Category:Spanish History]]
[[Category:Wars related to Islam]]

Battle of Toledo

2009-04-08T14:47:16Z

Lamashtu: + info and Category:Spanish History

The '''Battle of Toledo''' was fought in AD 1085, as part of the [[Reconquista]]. In this battle, king Alfonso VI of Castile (1040-1109) defeated the [[Muslim]]s in Toledo, an important city beside the Tajo River. With this victory, [[Christian]]s took control of an strategic area, from which they could start new military campaigns, and thus begin re-converting the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) back to [[Christianity]] after hundreds of years of Islamic rule.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Toledo, Battle of}}
[[Category:Battles]]
[[Category:Spanish History]]