'''Aum Shinrikyo''' was a [[Japan|Japanese]] religious group founded in 1984 as a yoga club by [[Shoko Asahara]], who proclaimed himself as the reincarnation of [[Jesus Christ]] and [[Shiva]]. The sect's teachings include aspects from those of [[Christianity]] and [[Buddhism]]. The group is known as a dangerous cult and a [[terrorism|terrorist]] group;<ref name=cfr>http://www.cfr.org/japan/aum-shinrikyo/p9238</ref> it and its members have committed or have been accused of being involved in numerous illegal acts, including kidnappings, assassinations, murder, using chemical weapons for mass murder, and attempting to use biological weapons for mass murder. <ref name=retol>http://www.religioustolerance.org/dc_aumsh.htm</ref><ref>http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/03/14/national/history/cult-attraction-aum-shinrikyos-power-persuasion/</ref><ref name=cfr/>

Cult members who desired to leave often couldn't. One cult member was abducted and killed in 1995 after trying to leave the sect. <ref>http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-26478923</ref> Buddhist religious leaders have denounced the cult, saying that it is not a legitimate Buddhist sect.<ref name=retol/>

In March 1995, Asahara's sect attacked [[Tokyo]] subways with nerve gas, killing 13 people and injuring at least 6000.<ref>http://townhall.com/news/world/2012/01/20/japan_cult_member_charged_after_years_on_run</ref> The cult's leader was arrested; Asahara was put on trial in 1996 and sentenced to death in 2004, but has yet to be executed.<ref name=biog>http://www.biography.com/people/shoko-asahara-20900591</ref> Many cult members involved in the terrorist attack were also later executed. <ref name=retol/>

In 2002, the cult changed its name to ''Aleph'', which later split into two groups, Aleph and Hikarinowa. Current day cult members no longer support the former group's acts of terrorism, <ref name=biog/>but the Japanese government continues to keep the two groups, which still view Asahara as a prophet, under surveillance. <ref>http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/01/24/national/crime-legal/aum-successor-groups-remain-surveillance-three-years</ref>

==Teachings and practices==
Aum Shinrikyo's teachings were drawn from a variety of texts, including Buddhist, [[Taoist]], [[Hindu]], and [[Christian]] scriptures, with the [[Book of Revelations]] from the [[Holy Bible]] used to justify the cult's teachings of an impending doom. <ref name=biblio>http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sociopolitica/esp_sociopol_AUM01.htm</ref>

The cult incorporated concepts from Eastern religions like [[Karma]] and [[reincarnation]]; the Hindu deity Shiva, the god of destruction, was the primary entity the cult worshipped. Cult members thought that bad Karma could be removed from individuals when they suffer, which led to members abusing eachother. <ref name=biblio/>

Asahara taught that individuals ought to purify themselves by isolating themselves from the outside world. The cult has a teaching called ''shukkesha'', which told cult members to cut communications with their families. <ref name=biblio/> Members who joined gave rights to their property over to the cult. <ref name=cfr/>

The cult holds Asahara as the Christ and attributes divine properties to the cult leader. <ref name=retol/> Asahara taught that the world would end soon in an event that only cult members cold survive.<ref name=cfr/> In and before 1989, Asahara and his political party, the ''Shinrito'', said that they aspired to stop the apocalypse through political means. However, the group later decided that the apocalypse couldn't be stopped, and therefore started to only try to protect their own members. To protect themselves from the "impending apocalypse", adherents began constructing nuclear shelters and communal structures, isolating themselves from the outside world. This isolation allowed the cult leaders more control over their members. <ref name=retol/>

==References==
<references/>

{{Terrorism}}

[[Category:Cults]]
[[Category:Terrorist Organizations]]

Aum Shinrikyo

2016-03-17T01:39:33Z

Leugen:

Aum Shinrikyo

2016-03-17T01:30:27Z

Leugen:

Homeopathy

2016-03-17T01:21:27Z

2016-03-17T00:55:40Z

Leugen: added info

'''Aum Shinrikyo''' was a [[Japan|Japanese]] religious group founded in 1984 as a yoga club by [[Shoko Asahara]], who proclaimed himself as the reincarnation of [[Jesus Christ]] and [[Shiva]]. The group is known as a dangerous cult, and it and its members have committed or have been accused of being involved in numerous illegal acts, including kidnappings, assassinations, and murder. <ref>http://www.religioustolerance.org/dc_aumsh.htm</ref><ref>http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/03/14/national/history/cult-attraction-aum-shinrikyos-power-persuasion/</ref> In 1995, Asahara's sect attacked [[Tokyo]] subways with nerve gas, killing 13 people and injuring at least 6000.<ref>http://townhall.com/news/world/2012/01/20/japan_cult_member_charged_after_years_on_run</ref> Asahara predicted the apocalypse in 1997.
==References==
<references/>

{{Terrorism}}

[[Category:Cults]]
[[Category:Terrorist Organizations]]

Minecraft

2016-03-17T00:40:26Z

Leugen: copyedit

'''Minecraft''' is a game created by [[atheist]]<ref>http://www.dailydot.com/society/reddit-atheists-doctors-without-borders-charity/</ref> [[Swedish]] game developer [[Markus Persson]] and later maintained by his company, [[Mojang AB]]. It has millions of players, and has been voted the top [[download]]able game by pcgamer<ref>^ a b Persson, Markus. "[http://www.minecraft.net/statistics Minecraft – Statistics]". Mojang. Archived from the original on 2011-01-12. Retrieved 2011-01-13.</ref> It is a sandbox building game, written in [[java]], originally by Swedish indie gamer, Markus Persson.<ref>[http://www.minecraft.net/game/credits creator of minecraft]</ref> Official releases for iOS and Android have been released and the full version of the PC game was released on November 18, 2011 at MineCon(Minecraft Convention) 2011. The Android release was temporarily exclusive to the Xperia Play but is now available to the rest of the Android market. A version of the game for the Xbox 360 was released in 2012. The gameplay is heavily inspired by Infiniminer by Zachtronics Industries, and Dwarf Fortress by Bay 12 Games. In 2014 [[Microsoft]] acquired Minecraft for a whooping 2.5 billion US Dollars.
__TOC__
==History==
Minecraft was first released to the public on May 17, 2009, as a developmental "alpha" release. Although Persson maintained a day job with Jalbum.net at first, he later moved to working part time and has since quit in order to work on Minecraft full time as sales of the beta version of the game have expanded. Persson continues to update the game with releases distributed to users automatically. Persson plans to continue these updates after the release of the full game as long as there is still an active userbase. These updates have included features such as new items, new blocks, an alternate "Hell" dimension (accessible through construction of a portal) that Persson terms "The Nether", tamable wolves that assist the player, and changes to the game's behavior (e.g., how water flows).

==Gameplay==
Minecraft is heavily reliant on the gamer's [[creativity]], and is centered around construction. The game world is essentially made of cubical blocks arranged in a fixed grid pattern which represent different materials, such as dirt, stone, various ores, water, and tree trunks. While the players can move freely across the world, objects and items can only be placed at fixed locations relative to the grid. The player can gather these material "blocks" and place them elsewhere, thus potentially creating various constructions. Furthermore the blocks can be combined with other items or crafted to create usable materials such as pickaxes, shovels, glass, torches and even complex circuitry can be crafted. The game starts by placing the player on the surface of a huge procedurally generated game world. The player can walk across the terrain consisting of plains, mountains, caves, and various water bodies. The world is also divided into biomes ranging from deserts to snowfields. The in-game time system follows a day and night cycle. Throughout the course of the game the player encounters various non-human creatures, referred to as mobs. During the daytime, non-hostile animals spawn, which can be hunted for food and crafting materials. Hostile monsters, such as large spiders, skeletons, zombies and the dangerous exploding "creeper" will spawn in unlit areas, such as in caves or during the night.

==Awards==
*Best Indie Game 2010
*Best Downloadable game 2010
*Best sandbox game 2011
*Best everyone's game 2010<ref>http://www.gamespot.com/minecraft</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Video Games]]

Minecraft

2016-03-17T00:40:02Z

Leugen:

'''Minecraft''' is a game created by [[atheist]]<ref>http://www.dailydot.com/society/reddit-atheists-doctors-without-borders-charity/</ref> [[Swedish]] game developer [[Markus Persson]], and later, by his company, [[Mojang AB]]. It has millions of players, and has been voted the top [[download]]able game by pcgamer<ref>^ a b Persson, Markus. "[http://www.minecraft.net/statistics Minecraft – Statistics]". Mojang. Archived from the original on 2011-01-12. Retrieved 2011-01-13.</ref> It is a sandbox building game, written in [[java]], originally by Swedish indie gamer, Markus Persson.<ref>[http://www.minecraft.net/game/credits creator of minecraft]</ref> Official releases for iOS and Android have been released and the full version of the PC game was released on November 18, 2011 at MineCon(Minecraft Convention) 2011. The Android release was temporarily exclusive to the Xperia Play but is now available to the rest of the Android market. A version of the game for the Xbox 360 was released in 2012. The gameplay is heavily inspired by Infiniminer by Zachtronics Industries, and Dwarf Fortress by Bay 12 Games. In 2014 [[Microsoft]] acquired Minecraft for a whooping 2.5 billion US Dollars.
__TOC__
==History==
Minecraft was first released to the public on May 17, 2009, as a developmental "alpha" release. Although Persson maintained a day job with Jalbum.net at first, he later moved to working part time and has since quit in order to work on Minecraft full time as sales of the beta version of the game have expanded. Persson continues to update the game with releases distributed to users automatically. Persson plans to continue these updates after the release of the full game as long as there is still an active userbase. These updates have included features such as new items, new blocks, an alternate "Hell" dimension (accessible through construction of a portal) that Persson terms "The Nether", tamable wolves that assist the player, and changes to the game's behavior (e.g., how water flows).

==Gameplay==
Minecraft is heavily reliant on the gamer's [[creativity]], and is centered around construction. The game world is essentially made of cubical blocks arranged in a fixed grid pattern which represent different materials, such as dirt, stone, various ores, water, and tree trunks. While the players can move freely across the world, objects and items can only be placed at fixed locations relative to the grid. The player can gather these material "blocks" and place them elsewhere, thus potentially creating various constructions. Furthermore the blocks can be combined with other items or crafted to create usable materials such as pickaxes, shovels, glass, torches and even complex circuitry can be crafted. The game starts by placing the player on the surface of a huge procedurally generated game world. The player can walk across the terrain consisting of plains, mountains, caves, and various water bodies. The world is also divided into biomes ranging from deserts to snowfields. The in-game time system follows a day and night cycle. Throughout the course of the game the player encounters various non-human creatures, referred to as mobs. During the daytime, non-hostile animals spawn, which can be hunted for food and crafting materials. Hostile monsters, such as large spiders, skeletons, zombies and the dangerous exploding "creeper" will spawn in unlit areas, such as in caves or during the night.

==Awards==
*Best Indie Game 2010
*Best Downloadable game 2010
*Best sandbox game 2011
*Best everyone's game 2010<ref>http://www.gamespot.com/minecraft</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Video Games]]

Minecraft

2016-03-17T00:39:42Z

Leugen:

'''Minecraft''' is a game created by [[atheist]] <ref>http://www.dailydot.com/society/reddit-atheists-doctors-without-borders-charity/</ref>[[Swedish]] game developer [[Markus Persson]], and later, by his company, [[Mojang AB]]. It has millions of players, and has been voted the top [[download]]able game by pcgamer<ref>^ a b Persson, Markus. "[http://www.minecraft.net/statistics Minecraft – Statistics]". Mojang. Archived from the original on 2011-01-12. Retrieved 2011-01-13.</ref> It is a sandbox building game, written in [[java]], originally by Swedish indie gamer, Markus Persson.<ref>[http://www.minecraft.net/game/credits creator of minecraft]</ref> Official releases for iOS and Android have been released and the full version of the PC game was released on November 18, 2011 at MineCon(Minecraft Convention) 2011. The Android release was temporarily exclusive to the Xperia Play but is now available to the rest of the Android market. A version of the game for the Xbox 360 was released in 2012. The gameplay is heavily inspired by Infiniminer by Zachtronics Industries, and Dwarf Fortress by Bay 12 Games. In 2014 [[Microsoft]] acquired Minecraft for a whooping 2.5 billion US Dollars.
__TOC__
==History==
Minecraft was first released to the public on May 17, 2009, as a developmental "alpha" release. Although Persson maintained a day job with Jalbum.net at first, he later moved to working part time and has since quit in order to work on Minecraft full time as sales of the beta version of the game have expanded. Persson continues to update the game with releases distributed to users automatically. Persson plans to continue these updates after the release of the full game as long as there is still an active userbase. These updates have included features such as new items, new blocks, an alternate "Hell" dimension (accessible through construction of a portal) that Persson terms "The Nether", tamable wolves that assist the player, and changes to the game's behavior (e.g., how water flows).

==Gameplay==
Minecraft is heavily reliant on the gamer's [[creativity]], and is centered around construction. The game world is essentially made of cubical blocks arranged in a fixed grid pattern which represent different materials, such as dirt, stone, various ores, water, and tree trunks. While the players can move freely across the world, objects and items can only be placed at fixed locations relative to the grid. The player can gather these material "blocks" and place them elsewhere, thus potentially creating various constructions. Furthermore the blocks can be combined with other items or crafted to create usable materials such as pickaxes, shovels, glass, torches and even complex circuitry can be crafted. The game starts by placing the player on the surface of a huge procedurally generated game world. The player can walk across the terrain consisting of plains, mountains, caves, and various water bodies. The world is also divided into biomes ranging from deserts to snowfields. The in-game time system follows a day and night cycle. Throughout the course of the game the player encounters various non-human creatures, referred to as mobs. During the daytime, non-hostile animals spawn, which can be hunted for food and crafting materials. Hostile monsters, such as large spiders, skeletons, zombies and the dangerous exploding "creeper" will spawn in unlit areas, such as in caves or during the night.

==Awards==
*Best Indie Game 2010
*Best Downloadable game 2010
*Best sandbox game 2011
*Best everyone's game 2010<ref>http://www.gamespot.com/minecraft</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Video Games]]

Chinese room

2016-02-22T05:05:27Z

Leugen:

The '''Chinese room''' is a [[thought experiment]] devised by philosopher John Searle to prove his point that no matter how well a computer program, such as a chatbot which receives sentences from a human and replies as if it were a person, simulates the ability to understand a language, the program itself does not actually understand human language. In Searle's thought experiment, a English-speaking person who doesn't speak Chinese sits in a room with a book written in English that contains a set of instructions which allow him to answer any Chinese question in Chinese. When Chinese questions are passed into the room, the English-speaking person could write down a response in Chinese. The English speaker reading English instructions, like a chatbot reading computer code, is able to respond to Chinese questions but does not actually understand Chinese.<ref>http://www.mind.ilstu.edu/curriculum/searle_chinese_room/searle_chinese_room.php</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Computer Science]]

2015-12-19T23:53:14Z

Leugen: Changed to my proposed lead

User:Leugen/homeopathy

2015-12-19T23:41:21Z

Leugen: