Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Guelzo

2011-09-23T19:39:09Z

LizWest:

"Although some scholars have argued that the Proclamation had, in fact, no legal effect and freed no slaves, Professor Guelzo argues persuasively that it was and remains the pivotal event of the Civil War and the single most important factor in the destruction of slavery." [http://www.amazon.com/Lincolns-Emancipation-Proclamation-Slavery-America/dp/0743221826/ref=sr_1_1/002-6991472-4948010?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1182550444&sr=8-1]
[[Category:Slavery]]
[[Category:American Civil War]]!

Guatemalan pygmy owl

2011-09-23T19:39:09Z

LizWest:

{{Taxonomy
|name=Guatemalan Pygmy Owl
|image=
|caption=
|domain=Eukaryota
|kingdom=Animalia
|subkingdom=Bilateria
|branch=Deuterostomia
|superphylum=
|phylum=Chordata
|subphylum=Vertebrata
|infraphylum=Gnathostomata
|microphylum=
|superdivision=
|division=
|subdivision=
|superclass=Tetrapoda
|class=Aves
|subclass=Neornithes
|infraclass=Neoaves
|superorder=
|order=Strigiformes
|suborder=
|infraorder=
|superfamily=
|families=Strigidae
|family=
|subfamily=Striginae
|supertribe=
|tribe=
|subtribe=
|genera=
|genus=Glaucidium
|subgenus=
|species=G. cobanense
|binomialname=
|syn=
|sub=
|alt=
|regionimg=
|pop=
|conservation=
}}
[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Birds of Prey]][[Category:Owls]][[Category:Pygmy Owls]]!

Gubernatorial Elections 2010

2011-09-23T19:39:08Z

LizWest:

There were 36 [[United States]] state gubernatorial elections (races for governor) in 2010. The results overall were a loss of six seats for the [[Democratic Party]] and a gain of six states for the [[Republican Party.]] <ref>http://elections.nytimes.com/2010/results/governor</ref>

== References ==

- <references/>!

Guddle

2011-09-23T19:39:08Z

LizWest:

'''Guddle''' is a North Country [[English]] and [[Scots]] [[dialect]] word with various meanings, depending on where it is used.
*As a verb: to tickle the belly of a trout, thereby making it easily caught with the hands. (Like the old advice about salting a bird’s tail as an aid to catching it, there is no mention of the fact that if the trout stays still long enough to allow one to tickle its belly, then surely it is amenable to being picked up in the hands.)
*As a noun: a state of confusion or untidiness. (“I''’m afraid the place is a bit of a guddle at the moment – both office assistants are off with the flu.''”)
*As a verb describing the habit of swans and some wading birds of turning over small rocks and debris on the bottom of shallow lakes and streams looking for things edible. (In this context, by extension, it can mean to fossick or delve for something interesting, informative or enjoyable through a drawer, box, or pages of a book.

[[Category: Dictionary]]!

Guatemalan screech-owl

2011-09-23T19:39:08Z

LizWest:

{{Taxonomy
|name=Guatemalan Screech-owl
|image=
|caption=
|domain=Eukaryota
|kingdom=Animalia
|subkingdom=Bilateria
|branch=Deuterostomia
|superphylum=
|phylum=Chordata
|subphylum=Vertebrata
|infraphylum=Gnathostomata
|microphylum=
|superdivision=
|division=
|subdivision=
|superclass=Tetrapoda
|class=Aves
|subclass=Neornithes
|infraclass=Neoaves
|superorder=
|order=Strigiformes
|suborder=
|infraorder=
|superfamily=
|families=Strigidae
|family=
|subfamily=Striginae
|supertribe=
|tribe=
|subtribe=
|genera=
|genus=Megascops
|subgenus=
|species=M. guatemalae
|binomialname=
|syn=
|sub=
|alt=
|regionimg=
|pop=
|conservation=
}}
[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Birds of Prey]][[Category:Owls]][[Category:Screech Owls]]!

Guayaquil Ecuador Temple

2011-09-23T19:39:07Z

LizWest:

#REDIRECT [[List of LDS temples]]!

Guatemala City Guatemala Temple

2011-09-23T19:39:07Z

LizWest:

#REDIRECT[[List of LDS temples]]!

Guatemala

2011-09-23T19:39:07Z

LizWest:

{{Country
|name =''República de Guatemala''
|map =Guatemala rel00.jpg
|flag =Flag of Guatemala.png
|arms =Arms of Guatemala.png
|capital =Guatemala City
|capital-raw =
|government =Presidential republic
|government-raw =
|language =Spanish
|king =
|queen =
|monarch-raw =
|president =Álvaro Colom
|president-raw =
|chancellor =
|chancellor-raw =
|pm =
|pm-raw =
|area =42,042 sq mi
|pop =12,728,111 (2007)
|pop-basis =
|gdp =
|gdp-year =$62.78 billion (2006)
|gdp-pc =$4,155 (2006)
|currency =Quetzal
|idd =
|tld =
}}
'''Guatemala''' is a [[country]] in [[Central America]]. The capital of Guatemala is Guatemala City (Ciudad de Guatemala). The current president is Álvaro Colom.

==People==
[[File:Guatemala mayan women.jpg|thumb|left|Mayan women.]]
More than half of Guatemalans are descendants of indigenous [[Maya|Mayan]] peoples. Westernized Mayans and mestizos (mixed European and indigenous ancestry) are known as Ladinos. Most of Guatemala's population is rural, though urbanization is accelerating. The predominant religion is [[Roman Catholicism]], into which many indigenous Guatemalans have incorporated traditional forms of worship. Protestantism and traditional Mayan religions are practiced by an estimated 40% and 1% of the population, respectively. Though the official language is Spanish, it is not universally understood among the indigenous population. The peace accords signed in December 1996 provide for the translation of some official documents and voting materials into several indigenous languages.
*Population (2006 est.): 12.3 million.
*Annual population growth rate (2006 est.): 2.27%.
*Ethnic groups: Mestizo (mixed Spanish-Indian), indigenous.
*Religions: Roman Catholic, Protestant, traditional Mayan.
*Languages: Spanish, 24 indigenous languages (principally Kiche, Kaqchikel, Q'eqchi, and Mam).
*Education: Years compulsory--6. Attendance--41%. Literacy--70.6%.
*Health: Infant mortality rate--36.9/1,000. Life expectancy--65.19 yrs.
*Work force salaried breakdown: Services--40%; industry and commerce--37%; agriculture--15%; construction, mining, utilities--4%. Fifty percent of the population engages in some form of agriculture, often at the subsistence level outside the monetized economy.

==Government==
Guatemala's 1985 constitution provides for a separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. The 1993 constitutional reforms included an increase in the number of Supreme Court justices from 9 to 13. The reforms reduced the terms of office for president, vice president, and congressional representatives from 5 years to 4 years, and for Supreme Court justices from 6 years to 5 years; they increased the terms of mayors and city councils from 2-1/2 years to 4 years.

The president and vice president are directly elected through universal suffrage and limited to one term. A vice president can run for president after 4 years out of office. Supreme Court justices are elected by the Congress from a list submitted by the bar association, law school deans, a university rector, and appellate judges. The Supreme Court and local courts handle civil and criminal cases. There also is a separate Constitutional Court.

Guatemala has 22 administrative subdivisions (departments) administered by governors appointed by the president. Guatemala City and 331 other municipalities are governed by popularly elected mayors or councils.

===Principal Government Officials===
*President--Álvaro Colom
*Vice President--Rafael Espada
*Minister of Foreign Affairs--Gert ROSENTHAL
*Minister of Government--Adela de Torrebiarte
*Ambassador to the U.S.--Jose Guillermo CASTILLO
*Ambassador to the UN--Jorge SKINNER-KLEE
*Ambassador to the OAS--Francisco VILLAGRÁN de León

===Political Conditions===
Common and violent crime, aggravated by a legacy of violence and vigilante justice, presents a serious challenge. Impunity remained a major problem, primarily because democratic institutions, including those responsible for the administration of justice, have developed only a limited capacity to cope with this legacy. Guatemala's judiciary is independent; however, it suffers from inefficiency, corruption, and intimidation.

In early December 2006, the government and the UN agreed to the creation of the joint International Commission Against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG). On August 1, 2007, the Guatemalan Congress approved the agreement. An earlier Guatemala-UN agreement was ruled unconstitutional in 2004 before it was acted upon by the Guatemalan Congress. The UN Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA) ceased its 10-year project of monitoring peace accord implementation and human rights problems in November 2004 with UN Secretary General Kofi Annan declaring Guatemala had made "enormous progress in managing the country's problems through dialogue and institutions".

===Foreign Relations===
Guatemala's major diplomatic interests are regional security and, increasingly, regional development and economic integration. Guatemala participates in several regional groups, particularly those related to trade and the environment.
[[File:Central America.jpg|left|240px]]
The Council of Central American Ministers of Trade meets on a regular basis to work on regional approaches to trade issues. The council signed a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA) with the U.S. in 1998, and was part of the negotiations that led to the creation of CAFTA. Guatemala joined Honduras and El Salvador in signing a free trade agreement with Mexico in 2000, which went into effect the following year. Guatemala also originated the idea for, and is the seat of, the Central American Parliament (PARLACEN).

The U.S and Central American countries signed the CONCAUSA (Conjunto Centroamerica-USA) agreement at the Summit of the Americas in December 1994. CONCAUSA is a cooperative plan of action to promote clean, efficient energy use; conserve the region's biodiversity; strengthen legal and institutional frameworks and compliance mechanisms; and improve and harmonize environmental protection standards.

Guatemala has a long-standing claim to a large portion of Belize; the territorial dispute caused problems with the United Kingdom and later with Belize following its 1981 independence from the U.K. In December 1989, Guatemala sponsored Belize for permanent observer status in the Organization of American States (OAS). In September 1991, Guatemala recognized Belize's independence and established diplomatic ties, while acknowledging that the boundaries remained in dispute. In anticipation of an effort to bring the border dispute to an end in early 1996, the Guatemalan Congress ratified two long-pending international agreements governing frontier issues and maritime rights. In 2001, Guatemala and Belize agreed to a facilitation process led by the OAS to determine the land and maritime borders separating the two countries. National elections in Guatemala put a temporary halt to progress, but discussions resumed in November 2005. Since being named Foreign Minister in early August 2006, Gert Rosenthal has reinvigorated discussions with Belize.

==Defense==
Guatemala is a signatory to the Rio Pact and is a member of the Conference of Central American Armed Forces (CFAC). Guatemala has deployed its troops to UN peacekeeping operations in Haiti and the Congo and has observers in several other locations. The president is commander in chief. The defense minister is responsible for policy. Day-to-day operations are the responsibility of the military chief of staff and the national defense staff.

An agreement signed in September 1996, which is one of the substantive peace accords, mandated that the mission of the armed forces change to focus exclusively on external threats. However, President Berger as well as his predecessors Portillo and Arzu used a constitutional clause to order the army to temporarily support the police in response to a nationwide wave of violent crime.

The accord calls for a one-third reduction in the army's authorized strength and budget--achieved under President Berger--and for a constitutional amendment to permit the appointment of a civilian Minister of Defense. A constitutional amendment to this end was defeated as part of a May 1999 plebiscite, but discussions on how to achieve this objective continue between the executive and legislative branches.

The army has gone beyond its accord-mandated target of reducing its strength to 28,000 troops, and numbered 15,500 troops as of June 2004. Not only was this the most profound transformation of any Central American military in the last 50 years, it also illustrates the effective control the civilian government has over the military. President Berger has tasked the Defense Ministry with increasing the professional skills of all soldiers. As part of the army downsizing, the operational structure of 19 military zones and three strategic brigades were recast as several military zones are eliminated and their area of operations absorbed by others. The air force operates three air bases; the navy has two port bases. Additionally, recent steps have been taken to redefine the military's mission--the military doctrine has been rewritten, and there has been an increase in cooperation with civil society to help bring about this reform.

==Economy==
After the signing of the final peace accord in December 1996, Guatemala was well-positioned for rapid economic growth over the next several years, until a financial crisis in 1998 disrupted the course of improvement. The subsequent collapse of coffee prices left what was once the country's leading export sector in depression and had a severe impact on rural incomes. Foreign investment inflows have been weak, with the exception of the privatization of utilities. Potential investors, both foreign and domestic, cite corruption, lack of physical security, a climate of confrontation between the government and private sector, and unreliable mechanisms for contract enforcement as the principal barriers to new business. On a more positive note, Guatemala's macroeconomic management was sound under the Portillo administration, and its foreign debt levels are modest. The country subscribed to a standby agreement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 2002, which it extended in June 2003.

Guatemala's economy is dominated by the private sector, which generates about 85% of GDP. Agriculture contributes 23% of GDP and accounts for 75% of exports. Most manufacturing is light assembly and food processing, geared to the domestic, U.S., and Central American markets. Over the past several years, tourism and exports of textiles, apparel, and nontraditional agricultural products such as winter vegetables, fruit, and cut flowers have boomed, while more traditional exports such as sugar, bananas, and coffee continue to represent a large share of the export market.
*Real GDP (2006): $22.83 billion.
*Real GDP growth (2006): 4.6%.
*Per capita GDP (PPP, 2006): $4,317.
*Natural resources: Oil, timber, nickel.
*Agriculture (23% of GDP): Products--coffee, sugar, bananas, cardamom, vegetables, flowers and plants, timber, rice, rubber.
*Manufacturing (18% of GDP): Types--prepared food, clothing and textiles, construction materials, tires, pharmaceuticals.
*Trade (2005 est.): Exports--$3.94 billion: coffee, bananas, sugar, crude oil, chemical products, clothing and textiles, vegetables. Major markets--U.S. 28.9%, Central American Common Market (CACM) 42.4%, Mexico 4.8%. Imports--$7.75 billion: machinery and equipment, fuels, mineral products, chemical products, vehicles and transport materials, plastic materials and products. Major suppliers--U.S. 39.6%, CACM 12.3%, Mexico 8.3%, Japan 3.8%, Germany 2.4%.

The United States is the country's largest trading partner, providing 39.6% of Guatemala's imports and receiving 28.9% of its exports. The government's involvement is small, with its business activities limited to public utilities--some of which have been privatized--ports and airports, and several development-oriented financial institutions.

Guatemala ratified the U.S.-Central America Free Trade Agreement, commonly known as CAFTA, on March 10, 2005 and the agreement entered into force between Guatemala and the U.S. on July 1, 2006. CAFTA eliminates customs tariffs on as many categories of goods as possible; opens services sectors; and creates clear and readily enforceable rules in areas such as investment, government procurement, intellectual property protection, customs procedures, electronic commerce, the use of sanitary and phyto-sanitary measures to protect public health, and resolution of business disputes.

Other priorities include increasing transparency and accountability in Guatemala's public finances, broadening the tax base, and completing implementation of financial sector reforms. These measures attempt to ensure that Guatemala can comply with the standards of the international Financial Action Task Force for detecting and preventing money laundering.

The United States, along with other donor countries--especially France, Italy, Spain, Germany, and Japan--and the international financial institutions, have increased development project financing since the signing of the peace accords. However, donor support remains contingent upon Guatemalan Government reforms and counterpart financing.

The distribution of income and wealth remains highly skewed. The wealthiest 10% of the population receives almost one-half of all income; the top 20% receives two-thirds of all income. As a result, about 80% of the population lives in poverty, and two-thirds of that number--or 7.6 million people--live in extreme poverty. Guatemala's social development indicators, such as infant mortality and illiteracy, are among the worst in the hemisphere. Chronic malnutrition among the rural poor worsened with the onset of the crisis in coffee prices. The United States has provided disaster assistance and food aid in response to natural disasters including Hurricane Stan, which caused extensive mudslides in Guatemala in October 2005.

==History==
The Mayan civilization flourished throughout much of Guatemala and the surrounding region long before the Spanish arrived, but it was already in decline when the Mayans were defeated by Pedro de Alvarado in 1523-24. The first colonial capital, Ciudad Vieja, was ruined by floods and an earthquake in 1542. Survivors founded Antigua, the second capital, in 1543. Antigua was destroyed by two earthquakes in 1773. The remnants of its Spanish colonial architecture have been preserved as a national monument. The third capital, Guatemala City, was founded in 1776.

Guatemala gained independence from Spain on September 15, 1821; it briefly became part of the Mexican Empire, and then for a period belonged to a federation called the United Provinces of Central America. From the mid-19th century until the mid-1980s, the country passed through a series of dictatorships, insurgencies (particularly beginning in the 1960s), coups, and stretches of military rule with only occasional periods of representative government.

====1944 to 1986====
In 1944, Gen. Jorge Ubico's dictatorship was overthrown by the "October Revolutionaries," a group of dissident military officers, students, and liberal professionals. A civilian President, Juan Jose Arevalo, was elected in 1945 and held the presidency until 1951. Social reforms initiated by Arevalo were continued by his successor, Col. Jacobo Arbenz. Arbenz permitted the communist Guatemalan Labor Party to gain legal status in 1952. The army refused to defend the Arbenz government when a U.S.-backed group led by Col. Carlos Castillo Armas invaded the country from Honduras in 1954 and quickly took over the government. Gen. Miguel Ydigoras Fuentes took power in 1958 following the murder of Colonel Castillo Armas.

In response to the increasingly autocratic rule of Ydigoras Fuentes, a group of junior military officers revolted in 1960. When they failed, several went into hiding and established close ties with Cuba. This group became the nucleus of the forces that were in armed insurrection against the government for the next 36 years. Four principal left-wing guerrilla groups--the Guerrilla Army of the Poor (EGP), the Revolutionary Organization of Armed People (ORPA), the Rebel Armed Forces (FAR), and the Guatemalan Labor Party (PGT)--conducted economic sabotage and targeted government installations and members of government security forces in armed attacks. These organizations combined to form the Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity (URNG) in 1982.

Shortly after President Julio Cesar Mendez Montenegro took office in 1966, the army launched a major counterinsurgency campaign that largely broke up the guerrilla movement in the countryside. The guerrillas then concentrated their attacks in Guatemala City, where they assassinated many leading figures, including U.S. Ambassador John Gordon Mein in 1968. Between 1966 and 1982, there was a series of military or military-dominated governments.

On March 23, 1982, army troops commanded by junior officers staged a coup to prevent the assumption of power by Gen. Angel Anibal Guevara, the hand-picked candidate of outgoing President and Gen. Romeo Lucas Garcia. They denounced Guevara's electoral victory as fraudulent. The coup leaders asked retired Gen. Efrain Rios Montt to negotiate the departure of Lucas and Guevara.

Rios Montt was at this time a lay pastor in the evangelical protestant "Church of the Word." He formed a three-member military junta that annulled the 1965 constitution, dissolved Congress, suspended political parties, and canceled the electoral law. After a few months, Rios Montt dismissed his junta colleagues and assumed the de facto title of "President of the Republic."

Guerrilla forces and their leftist allies denounced Rios Montt. Rios Montt sought to defeat the guerrillas with military actions and economic reforms; in his words, "rifles and beans." The government began to form local civilian defense patrols (PACs). Participation was in theory voluntary, but in reality, many Guatemalans, especially in the heavily indigenous northwest, had no choice but to join either the PACs or the guerrillas. Rios Montt's conscript army and PACs recaptured essentially all guerrilla territory--guerrilla activity lessened and was largely limited to hit-and-run operations. However, Rios Montt won this partial victory at an enormous cost in civilian deaths, in what was probably the most violent period of the 36-year internal conflict, resulting in about 200,000 deaths of mostly unarmed indigenous civilians.

On August 8, 1983, Rios Montt was deposed by his own Minister of Defense, Gen. Oscar Humberto Mejia Victores, who succeeded him as de facto President of Guatemala. Rios Montt survived to found a political party (the Guatemalan Republic Front) and to be elected President of Congress in 1995 and 2000. Awareness in the United States of the conflict in Guatemala, and its ethnic dimension, increased with the 1983 publication of the book I, [[Rigoberta Menchu]], An Indian Woman in Guatemala.

General Mejia allowed a managed return to democracy in Guatemala, starting with a July 1, 1984 election for a Constituent Assembly to draft a democratic constitution. On May 30, 1985, after 9 months of debate, the Constituent Assembly finished drafting a new constitution, which took effect immediately. Vinicio Cerezo, a civilian politician and the presidential candidate of the Christian Democracy Party, won the first election held under the new constitution with almost 70% of the vote, and took office on January 14, 1986.

====1986 to 2003====
Upon its inauguration in January 1986, President Cerezo's civilian government announced that its top priorities would be to end the political violence and establish the rule of law. Reforms included new laws of habeas corpus and amparo (court-ordered protection), the creation of a legislative human rights committee, and the establishment in 1987 of the Office of Human Rights Ombudsman. Cerezo survived coup attempts in 1988 and 1989, and the final 2 years of Cerezo's government were also marked by a failing economy, strikes, protest marches, and allegations of widespread corruption.
[[File:Girls Chichicastenango Guatemala 1996.jpg|right|300px|Young women on the marketplace of Chichicastenango, Guatemala, 1996.]]
Presidential and congressional elections were held on November 11, 1990. After a runoff ballot, Jorge Serrano was inaugurated on January 14, 1991, thus completing the first transition from one democratically elected civilian government to another.

The Serrano administration's record was mixed. It had some success in consolidating civilian control over the army, replacing a number of senior officers and persuading the military to participate in peace talks with the URNG. Serrano took the politically unpopular step of recognizing the sovereignty of Belize. The Serrano government reversed the economic slide it inherited, reducing inflation and boosting real growth.

On May 25, 1993, Serrano illegally dissolved Congress and the Supreme Court and tried to restrict civil freedoms, allegedly to fight corruption. The "autogolpe" (or self-initiated coup) failed due to unified, strong protests by most elements of Guatemalan society, international pressure, and the army's enforcement of the decisions of the Court of Constitutionality, which ruled against the attempted takeover. Serrano fled the country.

On June 5, 1993, the Congress, pursuant to the 1985 constitution, elected the Human Rights Ombudsman, Ramiro De Leon Carpio, to complete Serrano's presidential term. De Leon, not a member of any political party and lacking a political base but with strong popular support, launched an ambitious anticorruption campaign to "purify" Congress and the Supreme Court, demanding the resignations of all members of the two bodies.

Despite considerable congressional resistance, presidential and popular pressure led to a November 1993 agreement brokered by the Catholic Church between the administration and Congress. This package of constitutional reforms was approved by popular referendum on January 30, 1994. In August 1994, a new Congress was elected to complete the unexpired term.

Under De Leon, the peace process, now brokered by the United Nations, took on new life. The government and the URNG signed agreements on human rights (March 1994), resettlement of displaced persons (June 1994), historical clarification (June 1994), and indigenous rights (March 1995). They also made significant progress on a socioeconomic and agrarian agreement. National elections for president, the Congress, and municipal offices were held in November 1995. With almost 20 parties competing in the first round, the presidential election came down to a January 7, 1996 runoff in which National Advancement Party (PAN) candidate Alvaro Arzu defeated Alfonso Portillo of the Guatemalan Republican Front (FRG) by just over 2% of the vote. Under the Arzu administration, peace negotiations were concluded, and the government signed peace accords ending the 36-year internal conflict in December 1996. The human rights situation also improved during Arzu's tenure, and steps were taken to reduce the influence of the military in national affairs.

In a December 1999 presidential runoff, Alfonso Portillo (FRG) won 68% of the vote to 32% for Oscar Berger (PAN). Portillo's impressive electoral triumph, with two-thirds of the vote in the second round, gave him a claim to a mandate from the people to carry out his reform program.

Progress in carrying out Portillo's reform agenda was slow at best, with the notable exception of a series of reforms sponsored by the World Bank to modernize bank regulation and criminalize money laundering. The United States determined in April 2003 that Guatemala had failed to demonstrably adhere to its international counternarcotics commitments during the previous year.

A high crime rate and a serious and worsening public corruption problem were cause for concern for the Government of Guatemala. These problems, in addition to issues related to the often violent harassment and intimidation by unknown assailants of human rights activists, judicial workers, journalists, and witnesses in human rights trials, led the government to begin serious attempts in 2001 to open a national dialogue to discuss the considerable challenges facing the country.

National elections were held on November 9, 2003. Oscar Berger Perdomo of the Grand National Alliance (GANA) party won the election, receiving 54.1% of the vote. His opponent, Alvarado Colom Caballeros of the Nation Unity for Hope (UNE) party received 45.9% of the vote. The new government assumed office on January 14, 2004.

==See also==
*[[Guatemala City Guatemala Temple]]

{{Copyright Details (US Government)}}

[[Category:Central American Countries]]
[[Category:Mayan world]]!

Guavas

2011-09-23T19:39:06Z

LizWest:

#redirect [[Guava]]!

Guava

2011-09-23T19:39:06Z

LizWest:

[[Image:Guava.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Young guava growing on a tree]]
'''Guavas''' are [[tropical]] [[fruit]], with a green, thick outside and a pink, fleshy inside that can be used for juice or eating. In drinks, "guava" [[flavor]] has been used in Rockstar (an energy drink), Rubicon's "Guava Exotic Fruit Drink," and many other beverages.

[[Category:Fruits]]!

Guardian (NY)

2011-09-23T19:39:06Z

LizWest:

''Click here for the London daily newspaper, [[The Guardian]].''
<br>''Click here for the concept of legal guardian, [[legal guardian]].''

Launched as the '''''National Guardian''''' in October 1948 by [[James Aronson]], [[Cedric Belfrage]] <ref>FBI Silvermaster file, [http://education-research.org/PDFs/Silvermaster055.pdf Vol. 55, pgs. 35 - 39], Cedric Belfrage, James Aronson, and [http://www.geocities.com/avflf/RedTerror_1.htm Ilya Ehrenberg].</ref> John McManus, its contributors included pro-Communist writers such as [[Agnes Smedley]] and [[Anna Louise Strong]]. [[Wilfred Burchett]] was also a significant influence in the ''National Guardian's'' editorial policies. Testimony by [[Elizabeth Bentley]] and confirmed by the [[Venona]] intercepts, revealed that Belfrage made contact with Soviet espionage agents during [[World War II]]. In 1947 the [[FBI]] questioned Belfrage, who admitted to having provided confidential information to the Soviets.

[[Progressives for Obama]] webmaster<ref>[http://www.linkedin.com/in/carldavidson Carl Davidson,] LinkedIn.com, retrieved March 13, 2010.</ref> [[Carl Davidson]] was a regular pro-[[Maoist]] contributor in the 1970s<ref>[http://www.wengewang.org/read.php?tid=10925 ''Left in Form, Right in Essence: A Critique of Contemporary Trotskyism,''] Carl Davidson, (1973). This pamphlet was originally published as a series of 12 articles in early 1973 in the ''Guardian'' newsweekly. Second printing Spring 1974. Retrieved from 对当代托洛茨基主义的批判：英文论集百花齐放 - 中国文革研究网, March 15, 2010.</ref> as was [[Wikipedia]] "expert" [[Chip Berlet]] in the 1980s. The publication has been regularly cited as an [[extremist]] publication in John George and Laird Wilcox's ''Nazis, Communists, Klansmen, and Others on the Fringe: Political Extremism in America.''<ref>''Nazis, Communists, Klansmen, and Others on the Fringe: Political Extremism in America,'']John George and Laird Wilcox, Prometheus Books, Buffalo, New York, 1992, Chapter 9, ''[[Guardian]]'', pgs. 125-131. (ISBN 0-87975-680-2)</ref>

==Korean War disinformation==
Burchett is most famous for his false reports on American use of [[Weapons of mass destruction|germ warfare]] in the [[Korean War]] and his collaboration in the brainwashing of American POWs. In June 1952 over Beijing radio Burchett accused the Americans of perpetrating "the most monstrous crimes against humanity." He said that in germ warfare the Americans had launched upon mankind a weapon more frightful than the [[atomic bomb]]. In order to support these allegations, Burchett assisted in the extraction of "confessions" from American pilot POWs.

The hoax of American use of germ warfare in Korea has persisted among [[Marxist-Leninist]] writers. In 1998, however, news reports noted:

:''"...documents from Russia's Presidential Archive finally prove, more than four decades after the fact, that the United States was the victim of a [[disinformation]] campaign scripted by North Korea, China, and the Soviet Union.''
A report by [[Lavrenti Beria]], head of [[Soviet intelligence]], outlined the deception:

:''"False plague regions were created, burials...were organized" measures were taken to receive the plague and cholerabacillus.''<ref>Bruce B. Auster, [http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/981116/archive_005192.htm ''Unmasking An Old Lie: A Korean War Charge Is Exposed As a Hoax''], U. S. News & World Report (16 November 1998), p. 52. </ref>

==Hiss, the Rosenbergs, and McCarthy==
The ''National Guardian'' drew its readership largely from the [[Progressive Party]]. The first issue featured an article by [[Progressivism|progressive]] [[Henry Wallace]], whom the ''National Guardian'' endorsed as a presidential candidate on the independent ballot that year. The paper also found support in the [[American Labor Party]]. Congressman [[Vito Marcantonio]] was especially enthusiastic about the paper. It reported on such issues and events as the trial and execution of Ethel and [[Julius Rosenberg]], charged with atomic espionage for the Soviet Union. The ''National Guardian'' also was took up the causes of [[Alger Hiss]], [[Corliss Lamont]], and Ann and Carl Braden. <ref>Tamiment Library/Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives, Guide to the Cedric Belfrage Papers 1922-1990. </ref>

In 1953 Aronson and Belfrage were subpoenaed to testify before the [[Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations]] chaired by [[Sen. Joseph McCarthy]] of Wisconsin. The ''National Guardian'' declared the investigation

:''"a move to persecute and if possible intimidate the editors of an independent news-weekly, which has opposed the policies of war, repression and plunder of the Eisenhower Administration and the previous bi-partisan administration of President Truman.''

Aronson later asserted "we were not Communists, but...we felt it was our right--our duty--to remain silent before a committee of Congress which we felt had no authority to inquire into our beliefs and associations." Aronson described the ''National Guardian'' as "an independent and independently-owned newsweekly which took strong issue with basic governmental policy, foreign and domestic," and he denied that it adhered to an "international Communist conspiracy." Aronson and Belfrage explained that they invoked their Fifth rather than First Amendment rights at the advice of their attorney. "Our lawyer had reasoned in a four-hour argument that if we invoked the First we would almost surely be cited for contempt, be convicted, and, in the existing climate, go to prison. He said the ''National Guardian'' would suffer and perhaps even be forced to suspend publication if its two chief editors were jailed." <ref>James Aronson, ''The Press and the Cold War'' (Boston: Beacon Press, 1970).</ref>

Following their testimony at a public hearings on May 14, 1953 <ref>[http://a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/06amay20030700/www.gpo.gov/congress/senate/mccarthy/83870.html Executive Sessions of the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations], Vol. 2, Eighty-third Congress, 14 May 1953, pgs. 1135-1164.</ref>, Cedric Belfrage was arrested on a deportation warrant and held on Ellis Island until he was released on bond on June 10. He was ordered deported on December 9, 1954. After losing his appeal, he was again arrested in May 1955 and deported to Great Britain in August 1955.

Aronson continued to publish the ''National Guardian'' until 1967, when he resigned. The papers masthead was changed from "progressive" to "[[radical]]" newsweekly and later the name was changed to simply ''Guardian''.

==An appreciation of [[Ho Chi Minh]]==
The ''National Guardian'' was one of the first American based newspapers that supported Soviet foreign policy oppossition to the [[Vietnam War]] and carried on-scene reports from Wilfred Burchett. <ref>[http://72.14.203.104/search?q=cache:45uLGC93fs0J:www.pipeline.com/~rgibson/HoChiMinh.htm+HO+CHI+MINH+an+appreciation+by+Wilfred+Burchett&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=us HO CHI MINH an appreciation by Wilfred Burchett]</ref> In a secret White House meeting with President Johnson in 1967 Burchett is referred to as "often a reliable spokesman for North Vietnam". <ref>U.S. Department of State, [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/johnsonlb/v/13160.htm Foreign Relations, 1964-1968, Volume V, Vietnam 1967], Released by the Office of the Historian, Document 364.</ref>

In the late 1960s the ''Guardian'' develops stronger links with [[Students for a Democratic Society]] (SDS) and the [[Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee]] (SNCC) and other [[leftist]] radicals. By the end of 1969 its paid readership was 24,000, the highest since the aftermath of the Wallace campaign in 1948. <ref>Chronology of Political Events, [http://www.revolutionintheair.com/chron/chron2.html Part Two, 1967-1970,] Revolution In The Air: Sixties Radicals Turn to Lenin, Mao and Che, Max Elbaum.</ref>

Throughout the 1950s, 60s, 70s, and 80s, the paper supported so-called "[[national liberation struggle]]s", Africa in the 1950's, Southeast Asia in the 1960's and early 1970's, and Latin America in the 1980's.

==Break with Maoists==
In 1975 a break between the Maoist October League (OL) and the ''Guardian'' led to bitter private meetings and internal staff struggles. An exchange of public [[polemic]]s on foreign policy and the International Women’s Day actions/”no united action with [[deviationism|revisionist]]s” line finally prompted the OL to pulls its cadre out of the staff. Renee Blakkan, Martin Nicolaus, Nancy Nikcevich and Rod Such resigned; [[Carl Davidson]] was also associated with the OL position but did not resign at this time.<ref>Chronology of Political Events, [http://www.revolutionintheair.com/chron/chron4.html Part Four 1975-1980,] Max Elbaum. Retrieved from March 18, 2010.</ref>

==Post-60s radicalism==
By the 1980s as it became more and more obvious even to Marxists that Marxism-Leninism was failing, and Marxist [[class struggle]] was a hard sell, the ''Guardian'' reinvented itself along with other elements of the American left and shifted to issues of ethnicity and gender and a kind of Marxism-Leninism of race and sex emerged, complete with a special vocabulary of clichés', buzzwords and slogans. Epitomized by a new knee-jerk rhapsodizing about the radical [[feminist]], [[gay agenda|gay rights]] and anti-racist movement. In the 1980s they took on a new intensity and significance. Radical antiracist, gay, and feminist cadres with Marxist-Leninist tendencies found a congenial home in the new ''Guardian''. <ref>John George and Laird Wilcox, [http://www.questia.com/library/book/nazis-communists-klansmen-and-others-on-the-fringe-political-extremism-in-america-by-john-george-laird-wilcox.jsp''Nazis, Communists, Klansmen, and Others on the Fringe: Political Extremism in America''], Prometheus Books, Buffalo, New York, 1992, (ISBN 0-87975-680-2), pgs. 125-131. </ref>

==Further reading==
* [[Chip Berlet]] and Jean Hardisty, ''An Anatomy of the New Right,'' Guardian Special Report (Fall, 1981).
*Chip Berlet ''Right-wing conspiracists make inroads into left'', The Guardian, September 11, 1991, page 3.<ref>http://www.publiceye.org/berlet/berlet_articles.html </ref>
*Ken Lawrence, ''Fulani: Heir to an Ugly Party History'', The Guardian, October 26, 1988. <ref>http://www.ex-iwp.org/docs/1988/guardian_B_88.htm</ref>

==See also==
*[[Wikipedia]]
*[[Frank Marshall Davis]]
*[[List of Communist publications]]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Communism]]
[[Category:Media]]
[[Category:Propaganda]]
[[Category:Liberalism]]
[[Category:Espionage]]!

Guardia Lamblia

2011-09-23T19:39:05Z

LizWest:

'''Guardia lamblia''' is a one [[cell]]ed [[parasite]] that causes [[giardiasis]] which is a diarrheal illness.<ref>http://www.druginfonet.com/index.php?pageID=faq/new/DISEASE_FAQ/Gas.htm</ref><ref>http://www.answerbag.com/q_view/174449</ref>
==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Biology]]!

Guantanamo

2011-09-23T19:39:04Z

LizWest:

#REDIRECT [[Guantanamo Bay Detention Camp]]!

Guardianship

2011-09-23T19:39:04Z

LizWest:

'''Guardianship''' is a legal right given to a person to be responsible for the [[food]], housing, [[health care]], and other necessities of a person deemed incapable of providing these necessities for himself or herself.
[[Category:Legal Terms]]!

Guardian (uk)

2011-09-23T19:39:04Z

LizWest:

#REDIRECT [[Guardian (UK)]]!

Guardian (UK)

2011-09-23T19:39:04Z

LizWest:

'''The Guardian''' is a [[UK]] national daily [[newspaper]] known for its [[liberal]], left-wing stance, being pro-[[abortion]] on demand, anti-[[Bush]] and anti-[[American]], pro-[[Obama]] and critical of [[Tony Blair]]'s support for the war in [[Iraq]]. ''The Guardian'' has just celebrated the publishing of its 50,000th edition.

Originally known as the [[Manchester]] Guardian, since it was originally published there, it is owned by a charitable organisation, the Scott Trust.

Regardless of its political stance, the great strength of ''The Guardian'' is that it rarely (in comparison to most other common newspapers in the UK) publishes sensationalist articles, preferring a quieter more balanced (and researched) approach. This is achieved by The Guardian organising its contents into two groups: articles about the news and opinion pieces (editorials, blogs, letters, etc.). News articles tend to be factually researched and factually accurate and written from a centre-left point of view, whereas opinion pieces are individual submissions that can range from the mid-right of the political spectrum to the mid-left, depending on the view of the writer, although submissions from the mid-left outnumber the submissions from the mid-right, due to the stance The Guardian takes on many issues.

Given its openly left-wing stance, a blogger whose article appeared in The Guardian has stated that the new movie An American Carol is "propaganda masquerading as entertainment.” <ref>http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/filmblog/2008/oct/01/1 Does An American Carol signal the rise of the Hollywood right? Guardian, October 1, 2008</ref>

The Guardian also runs the largest internet forum of any British newspaper in the form of Guardian Unlimited Talk.
==References==
<references/>

[[Category:United Kingdom Newspapers]]!

Guantanamo Bay detention camp

2011-09-23T19:39:03Z

LizWest:

#REDIRECT [[Guantanamo Bay Detention Camp]]!

Guantanamo Bay Detention Camp

2011-09-23T19:39:03Z

LizWest:

The '''Guantanamo Bay Detention Camp''' is a military [[prison]] of the [[United States of America]] on the southeastern tip of the island of [[Cuba]]. In this prison [[terrorists]] / ''[[enemy combatants]]'' can be held indefinitely without charge or trial.<ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,123996,00.html Fox News; Mixed Rulings on Terror Detention Policies, June 28, 2004]</ref> The [[liberal]] organization [[Center for Constitutional Rights]] is organizing attorneys to file [[habeas corpus]] petitions in the Washington, D.C., federal court on behalf of the detainees at Guantanamo Bay.<ref>[http://www.ccr-ny.org/v2/reports/report.asp?ObjID=pQOvjcVXXK&Content=406 First post-Supreme Court habeas petitions filed on behalf of detainees at Guantanamo Bay], [[Center for Constitutional Rights]], 2004.</ref>

On April 2, 2007, the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] denied appeals by a group of detainees of this camp stating that it would be inappropriate to rule until the group had exhausted other remedies. <ref>[http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL33180.pdf Enemy Combatant Detainees: Habeas Corpus Challenges in Federal Court, updated April 6, 2007.]</ref>

== Guantanamo Bay ==

Guantanamo Bay is a coastal area on southeastern [[Cuba]] occupied and controlled by the United States government pursuant to a 1903 Lease Agreement with the newly independent Republic of Cuba subsequent to the Spanish-American War. The Agreement established that:<ref name="rasul">''Rasul v. Bush'', 542 U.S. 466 (2004) (quoting lease).</ref>

{{cquote| '''While the United States recognizes the continuance of the ultimate sovereignty of the Republic of Cuba over the [leased areas], the Republic of Cuba consents that during the period of the occupation by the United States . . . the United States shall exercise complete jurisdiction and control over and within said areas.'''}}

In 1934 the United States and Cuba entered into another treaty that provided that, absent an agreement to modify or abrogate the lease, it would remain in effect "[s]o long as the United States of America shall not abandon the . . . Naval Station of Guantanamo."<ref name="rasul" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.nsgtmo.navy.mil/ Naval Station Website]
*[http://www.jtfgtmo.southcom.mil/ Joint Task Force Website]
*[http://www.defenselink.mil/news/May2006/d20060515%20List.pdf List of detainees at Guatanamo Bay]
*[http://www.defenselink.mil/home/features/Detainee_Affairs/ US Dept of Defense site]
*[http://online.wsj.com/article/SB118217520339739055.html?mod=mm_main_promo_left The Prison Terrorist Poets Of Guantanamo Find a Publisher]

[[Category:United States]]
[[Category: Terrorism]]
[[Category: Military]]!

Guardian

2011-09-23T19:39:02Z

LizWest:

'''Guardian''' can refer to

*'''''[[The Guardian]]''''', a British newspaper in London;
*'''''[[National Guardian]]''''' from 1948 to 1967, '''''Guardian''''' from 1967 to 1991. A [[Communist front]] newspaper published in New York;
*'''''[[Legal guardian]]''', a legal term.

[[Category:Disambiguation Pages]]!

Guarantee Clause

2011-09-23T19:39:02Z

LizWest:

The '''Guarantee Clause''' of the [[U.S. Constitution]] ensures certain protections to each and every state:

:The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened), against domestic violence.

Article IV, Section 4.

It has been suggested that the Founders wanted state governments to be parliamentary republics rather than democracies, but others have suggested that this clause was intended to protect not against pure democracies but against monarchies.

There is relatively little case law interpreting this Guarantee Clause.

[[Category:United States Law]]!

Guanine

2011-09-23T19:39:02Z

LizWest:

'''Guanine''' is one of the four bases in [[DNA]] that make up the letters ATGC, guanine is the "G". The others are [[adenine]], [[cytosine]], and [[thymine]]. Guanine always pairs with cytosine.

== Sources ==
http://www.genome.gov/glossary.cfm?key=guanine

[[Category:Genetics]]!

Guangzhou

2011-09-23T19:39:01Z

LizWest:

'''Guangzhou''' (Chinese [simplified]: 广州), also known as [[Canton]], is a city in south [[China]] and the capital of the province of [[Guangdong]]. It lies at the head of the [[Pearl River]] [[delta]]. Historically, it was the Chinese city most open to foreign influence through trade; the events leading up to the [[Opium War]] of 1839-42 took place here. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the city was a hotbed of nationalist and revolutionary activity, and it became the seat of [[Sun Yixian|Sun Yat-sen]]'s government in the early 1920s. The [[Northern Expedition]] set off from Guangzhou in 1926, and in 1927 there was a [[Communist]]-led uprising in the city.

==Local language and people==
Most of the city's inhabitants are of Cantonese ethnicity. They are indigenous to Guangdong province and are of Tai origin. Contrary to assertions made by many academics (many being affiliated with organizations that are strongly left-wing), extensive DNA testing and historical research have proven that the [[Cantonese people]] have no relations to ethnic Chinese at all.{{fact}}

The local language spoken in Guangzhou is [[Cantonese]].

[[Category:Chinese Cities and Towns]]!

Guantanamo Bay

2011-09-23T19:39:01Z

LizWest:

#REDIRECT [[Guantanamo Bay Detention Camp]]!

Guaiabero

2011-09-23T19:39:01Z

LizWest:

{{Taxonomy
|name=Guaiabero
|image=
|caption=
|domain=Eukaryota
|kingdom=Animalia
|subkingdom=Bilateria
|branch=Deuterostomia
|superphylum=
|phylum=Chordata
|subphylum=Vertebrata
|infraphylum=Gnathostomata
|microphylum=
|superdivision=
|division=
|subdivision=
|superclass=Tetrapoda
|class=Aves
|subclass=Neornithes
|infraclass=Neoaves
|superorder=Psittacimorphae
|order=Psittaciformes
|suborder=
|infraorder=
|superfamily=
|families=
|family=Psittacidae
|subfamily=Psittacinae
|supertribe=
|tribe=Cyclopsittacini
|subtribe=
|genera=
|genus=Bolbopsittacus
|subgenus=
|species=B. lunulatus
|binomialname=
|syn=
|sub=
|alt=
|regionimg=
|pop=
|conservation=
}}

Guaiabero is a species of Parrot.
[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Parrots]][[Category:Fig Parrots]]!

Guangxi

2011-09-23T19:39:00Z

LizWest:

'''Guangxi''' ([[Simplified Chinese|Simplified]]: 广隙; [[Traditional Chinese|Traditional]]: 廣隙; [[Hanyu pinyin]]: Guángxī) (in full, the '''Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region''') is a mountainous province in south-west [[China]]. Its capital city is Nanning. It is bordered by the Chinese provinces of [[Guangdong]], [[Hunan]], [[Guizhou]], and [[Yunnan]] and by [[Vietnam]]; it also has a short coastline on the [[South China Sea]].

A relatively large percentage of the population is made up of national minorities (non- [[Han]] Chinese), which accounts for its notional 'autonomous' status.

Guangxi was the location of the outbreak of the [[Taiping Rebellion]] in 1850.

[[Category:Chinese Provinces, Municipalities and Regions]]!

Guangdong

2011-09-23T19:39:00Z

LizWest:

'''Guangdong''' ([[Simplified Chinese|Simplified]]: 广洞; [[Traditional Chinese|Traditional]]: 廣洞; [[Hanyu pinyin]]: Guángdōng; [[Wade-Giles]]: Kwangtung) is a large and populous province in southern China, The capital city is [[Guangzhou]] (Canton); the people largely speak the [[Cantonese]] language.

[[Category:Chinese Provinces, Municipalities and Regions]]!

Guadeloupe parakeet

2011-09-23T19:39:00Z

LizWest:

{{Taxonomy
|name=Guadeloupe Parakeet
|image=
|caption=
|domain=Eukaryota
|kingdom=Animalia
|subkingdom=Bilateria
|branch=Deuterostomia
|superphylum=
|phylum=Chordata
|subphylum=Vertebrata
|infraphylum=Gnathostomata
|microphylum=
|superdivision=
|division=
|subdivision=
|superclass=Tetrapoda
|class=Aves
|subclass=Neornithes
|infraclass=Neoaves
|superorder=Psittacimorphae
|order=Psittaciformes
|suborder=
|infraorder=
|superfamily=
|families=
|family=Psittacidae
|subfamily=Psittacinae
|supertribe=
|tribe=Arini
|subtribe=
|genera=
|genus=Aratinga
|subgenus=
|species=A. labati
|binomialname=
|syn=
|sub=
|alt=
|regionimg=
|pop=
|conservation=Extinct
}}

[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Parrots]][[Category:New World Parrots]][[Category:Conures]][[Category:Extinct Birds]]!

Guanajuato

2011-09-23T19:38:59Z

LizWest:

[[Image:Guanajuato.jpg|thumb|Guanajuato City]]
'''Guanajuato''' is a state in central [[Mexico]]. Its capital is also called Guanajuato. This city is listed as a UNESCO [[World Heritage Site]].

[[Image:Guanajuato 4.jpg|Guanajuato City]]

[[category:Mexican States]]
[[category:Mexican Cities and Towns]]!

Guan Yu

2011-09-23T19:38:59Z

LizWest:

'''Guan Yu''' ([[Simplified Chinese|simplified]]: 关于; [[Traditional Chinese|Traditional]]: 關於; [[Hanyu pinyin]]: Guān Yǔ) was a general for [[Liu Bei]] during the [[Three Kingdoms]] period. He was a major figure in the [[Romance of the Three Kingdoms]].

==Life==

Guan Yu fled his hometown at the age of 23 after slaying a local bully named Lü Xiong. Five years later, he was a volunteer in a civilian army to stop the [[Yellow Turban Rebellion]]. During this time, he served under [[Liu Bei]]. For his efforts in putting down the rebellion, Liu Bei was appointed as the Governor of Pingyuan County. Liu Bei appointed Guan Yu as an officer. Except for a brief period when he was forced to fight for [[Cao Cao]], Guan Yu served under Liu Bei until his death. Guan Yu participated in many battles during the Three Kingdoms period. He was an important figure in the Battle of Chibi, where he nearly captured a fleeing Cao Cao. He died during the attack on Fancheng in 219.

==Romance of the Three Kingdoms==

In the novel, [[Luo Guanzhong]] glorified Guan Yu by portraying him as a righteous and loyal warrior. He first appears with his pact-brothers Liu Bei and [[Zhang Fei]] during the Yellow Turban Rebellion. Later, he gains fame by slaying the "undefeatable" warrior Hua Xiong and driving Lu Bu back.

During the invasion of Liu Bei's territory, Guan Yu stays behind to protect Liu Bei's wives and is captured by Cao Cao. Cao Cao tries many times to persuade Guan Yu to join him, even giving him the legendary horse Red Hare. Guan Yu resists, and later rides hundreds of miles to find Liu Bei. Later, after the Battle of Chibi, Guan Yu allows Cao Cao to escape to repay Cao Cao's favors.

Guan Yu's last battle was at Fancheng. He captured the city quickly, but was then counterattacked by forces from Wu and Wei. Guan Yu's forces fled while Guan Yu stayed behind to slow the enemy by breaking the floodgates. He succeeded, and his men escaped, but Guan Yu was killed.

===Possible Inspiration===

Scholars note that Luo Guanzhong's version of Guan Yu borrows elements from the life of [[Jesus]]. Similarly, images of Guan Yu from Guanzhong's time resemble [[Catholicism|Catholic]] depictions of Christ. It is possible that Guanzhong met with the [[Jesuits]] during his travels; however, there is no proof of this right now.

==As a Spiritual Figure==

Guan Yu is considered a [[bodhisattva]] in most kinds of Buddhism. He is said to be the guardian of the Pureland, a higher plane of existence. He is a very popular bodhisattva in China, particularly in [[Hong Kong]].

Because of his sacrifices, he is viewed as a [[saint]] by some Chinese [[Christianity|Christians]]. Statues of Guan Yu are common in [[house church|house churches]].

He is associated with [[John the Baptist]] in [[mimajiao]].

[[Category:Chinese Warlords]]
[[Category:Romance of the Three Kingdoms]]!

Guanacos

2011-09-23T19:38:59Z

LizWest:

#REDIRECT[[Guanaco]]!

Guajiros

2011-09-23T19:38:58Z

LizWest:

'''Guajiros''' (Cuba) is a word taken from the indigenous Taino, meaning squire or similar title. This is used in Cuba to describe the inhabitants of the countryside of any class. Ethnically they a mix of Spanish, Canary Islanders, and native inhabitants, with some regional variable admixture of Africans. A famously independent population they commonly ride small wiry criollo horses and carry weapons , usually a machete and a smaller knife, and less frequently fire arms. Peasants commonly live in villages and do not ride nor carry weapons. Guajiros tend to live in separate dwellings rather than in villages and are prone to individual combat both with weapons and with a guitar called a "tres." These warriors have been the backbone of all fighting forces from the earliest times of recorded Cuban history, through the bloody rural resistance to Castro known as [[The War Against the Bandits]]. Although some scholars following marxoid terminology frequently call them peasants, neither their nature nor the customs of the guajiros correspond to such a description. A subclass of Guajiro is [[Montuno]], which refers to the even wilder and lawless population of Cuba's mountains.
[[Category:Cuba]]!

Guanaco

2011-09-23T19:38:58Z

LizWest:

'''Guanacos''' (Lama guanicoe) are small [[camelid]]s native to the high Andean [[grassland]]s (altiplano) of [[Bolivia]], [[Peru]], [[Ecuador]], [[Chile]] and [[Argentina]]. Larger than a [[vicuña]] and smaller than a [[llama]], the guanaco has a soft undercoat, which is almost as fine as that of the [[alpaca]], but less abundant.

{{Nb_zl_camelids}}
[[Category:Camelid]]!

Guadelupe Amazon parrot

2011-09-23T19:38:57Z

LizWest:

{{Taxonomy
|name=Guadelupe Amazon parrot
|image=
|caption=
|domain=Eukaryota
|kingdom=Animalia
|subkingdom=Bilateria
|branch=Deuterostomia
|superphylum=
|phylum=Chordata
|subphylum=Vertebrata
|infraphylum=Gnathostomata
|microphylum=
|superdivision=
|division=
|subdivision=
|superclass=Tetrapoda
|class=Aves
|subclass=Neornithes
|infraclass=Neoaves
|superorder=Psittacimorphae
|order=Psittaciformes
|suborder=
|infraorder=
|superfamily=
|families=
|family=Psittacidae
|subfamily=Psittacinae
|supertribe=
|tribe=Arini
|subtribe=
|genera=
|genus=Amazona
|subgenus=
|species=A. violacea
|binomialname=
|syn=
|sub=
|alt=
|regionimg=
|pop=
|conservation=Extinct
}}

[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Parrots]][[Category:Amazon Parrots]][[Category:Extinct Birds]]!

Guam

2011-09-23T19:38:57Z

LizWest:

'''Guam''' (gwäm) <ref> http://www.yourdictionary.com/guam</ref> is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands. It is an unincorporated territory of the [[United States]] located in the [[Pacific Ocean]]; the residents are full U.S. citizens. The [[island]] was ceded to the United States by [[Spain]] in 1898. The [[United States Army]] and Navy maintains military bases on Guam.

In [[World War II]], Guam was occupied by the Japanese, but American forces landed in July of 1944, and took back the island after a three week battle. Out of 18,000 Japanese troops stationed on the island, only 500 survived to become prisoners of war.<ref>Chronicle of the 20th Century, ed. by Clifton Daniel, Chronicle Publications, 1987</ref>

[[Image:GUAM.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Guam]]

The population of Guam is estimated at 173,456 in 2007. <ref> https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gq.html </ref> Chamorro and English are the primary languages spoken in Guam. The highest point in Guam is Mount Lamlam, which is 1,332 feet (406 m). The weather is usually hot and humid, ranging from 74° to 86°, with an average annual rainfall of 96 inches. [[Typhoon]]s are common, especially during the months of [[October]] and [[November]]. <ref>http://ns.gov.gu/visiting.html</ref> <ref> http://ns.gov.gu/agana.html </ref>

==Elected officials==
===Federal===
*Rep. [[Madeleine Bordallo]] [D, GU-0]

==References==

<references/>

[[Category:Islands]]
[[Category:United States Territories]]
[[Category:Spanish Empire]]

== See also ==

[[World History Lecture Ten]]

[[World History Lecture Twelve]]!

Guadalupe caracara

2011-09-23T19:38:56Z

LizWest:

{{Taxonomy
|name=Guadalupe Caracara
|image=
|caption=
|domain=Eukaryota
|kingdom=Animalia
|subkingdom=Bilateria
|branch=Deuterostomia
|superphylum=
|phylum=Chordata
|subphylum=Vertebrata
|infraphylum=Gnathostomata
|microphylum=
|superdivision=
|division=
|subdivision=
|superclass=Tetrapoda
|class=Aves
|subclass=Neornithes
|infraclass=Neoaves
|superorder=Passerimorphae
|order=Accipitriformes
|suborder=
|infraorder=Falconides
|superfamily=
|families=
|family=Falconidae
|subfamily=Polyborinae
|supertribe=
|tribe=
|subtribe=
|genera=
|genus=Caracara
|subgenus=
|species=C. lutosa
|binomialname=
|syn=
|sub=
|alt=
|regionimg=
|pop=
|conservation=Extinct
}}

[[Category:Birds of Prey]][[Category:Caracaras]][[Category:Extinct Birds]]!

Guadalcanal

2011-09-23T19:38:55Z

LizWest:

'''Guadalcanal''' is an [[island]] in the [[Solomon Islands]] [[archipelago]] in the South [[Pacific Ocean]]. It was the location of the Battle of Guadalcanal fought between 7 August 1942 and 7 February 1943 by American and allied forces to eject the Japanese occupiers of the island.

Guadalcanal was one of the most important battles of their history for U.S. [[Marines]]. Guadalcanal was the first island taken by the Americans in World War II, and the battle for it was one of the hardest fought of the war.

Guadalcanal is named after the town of Guadalcanal in [[Spain]], which in turn derives from the [[Arabic]] ''Wadi'' [river] ''el Ganar''.

==World War II==
After the Japanese seized Guadalcanal, they started building an airfield on it. The new airbase would be hundreds of miles closer to Allied supply lines than the Japanese stronghold at [[Rabaul]], making its completion a grave threat. Conversely, the same base in American hands would greatly facilitate taking back the [[Solomon Islands]] from the Japanese.

After the [[Battle of Midway]], American planners were ready to take the offensive. Many in the [[US Navy]] wanted a thrust through the central Pacific, which was part of the pre-war strategy in the event of a war with Japan. But the goings on at Guadalcanal focused attention there. A landing was also planned for the nearby island of [[Tulagi]], the site of a Japanese seaplane base.

With intensive naval support, the Marines landed on Guadalcanal with little opposition and quickly seized the airfield and surrounding area. Engineers finished the air strip, and the Marines dubbed it Henderson Field. Henderson soon became home to squadrons of Marine and Army planes.

The Japanese Army still held most of the island, and made several attempts to take Henderson back. In addition, the Japanese Navy was still dominant in the area, and the waters off Guadalcanal saw many naval battles.

==See Also==
*[[Battle of Savo Island]]
*[[Battle of the Eastern Solomons]]
*[[Battle of Cape Esperance]]
*[[Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands]]
*[[Naval Battle of Guadalcanal]]
*[[Battle of Tassafaronga]]
*[[Battle of Rennell Island]]

[[Category:Islands]]
[[Category:World_War_II]]!

Guadalupe Mountains National Park

2011-09-23T19:38:55Z

LizWest:

{{Ib_Protected_area
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|width=300
|image=Blank USA outline.png
|base_width=288
|base_caption=US locator map
|x_pos=96
|y_pos=149
|area=86,416 acres (349.7 km²)<br><small>{86,190 acres (348.8 km²) federal}</small>
|location = [[Texas]]
|nearest_city = Carlsbad, NM
|coords =
|established = September 30, 1972
|entrance_fee =
|visitation_num = 165,110
|visitation_year = 2007
|governing_body = [[National Park Service|U.S. National Park Service]]
|website=[http://www.nps.gov/gumo/index.htm NPS - Guadalupe Mountains ]
}}
==References==
<references/>

{{Nb_US_national_parks}}!

Gryffindor

2011-09-23T19:38:54Z

LizWest:

#redirect [[Houses in Harry Potter#Gryffindor]]!

Gryphon

2011-09-23T19:38:54Z

LizWest:

#REDIRECT [[Griffon]]!

Guadalajara

2011-09-23T19:38:53Z

LizWest:

'''Guadalajara''' is a city in central west [[Mexico]], the second biggest city in the nation. It is the capital of the state of [[Jalisco]].

==See Also==
*[[Guadalajara México Temple]]
*[[Chivas Guadalajara]]

[[category:Mexican Cities and Towns]]!

Guadalajara México Temple

2011-09-23T19:38:53Z

LizWest:

#REDIRECT[[List of LDS temples]]!

Guacamole

2011-09-23T19:38:53Z

LizWest:

[[Image:Guacamole.jpg|thumb|right|300px]]
'''Guacamole''' is a dip made from [[avocado]]s that dates back to [[Aztec]] civilization, and is now a [[Mexican]] food. The flesh of the avocado is mashed and mixed with other ingredients such as [[lime]] juice, [[tomato]]es, and [[onion]]s, and is seasoned with [[salt]] and/or other [[spice]]s and [[herb]]s. Guacamole can be used in many dishes, but it most closely associated with corn or tortilla chips.

[[category:Condiments]]!

Gríma

2011-09-23T19:38:51Z

LizWest:

#REDIRECT [[Grima]]!