Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

British politics

2020-04-09T02:51:54Z

Orbhouse: /* Labour */

'''British politics''' take place within the context of a democratic [[parliamentary]] system called "Westminster system" dominated by two major parties. Currently, there is a minority government of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] led by [[Boris Johnson]], supported with a "Supply and Confidence" arrangement by Northern Ireland's [[Democratic Unionist Party]].

The political culture of the UK tends to be more liberal than that of the United States, but less so than that of many other European nations. In contrast to many other [[Europe]]an countries, in the UK [[abortion]] is lightly restricted: to cases of [[rape]], fetal defects, socio-economic factors and when the mother's life is endangered. [[File:Brit-history.jpg|thumb|250px]]

==Institutions==
===Parliament===

''See also [[Parliament]]''

The cornerstone of the uncodified British [[constitution]] is ''Parliamentary supremacy'', or ''Parliamentary sovereignty''.

Britain is one of a small number of nations without a codified constitution, and the British legislature, ''Parliament'', is free to legislate however it pleases. In British law, the only authority higher than parliamentary legislation is the law of the [[European Union]], and Britain is subject to EU law only by virtue of the fact that Parliament has chosen to accept it.

Parliament consists of the Queen, the [[House of Lords]] and the [[House of Commons (UK)|House of Commons]]. The Queen today takes no part in active politics (the last time that a monarch refused to ratify a law passed by the Lords and Commons was in 1714). While the House of Lords is considered to be the more prestigious chamber, the Commons is dominant by virtue of the fact that its members are elected rather than appointed. The Lords can only delay rather than veto legislation, though the Commons rarely chooses to push through laws against the Lords' wishes (it has done so only five times since the Lords' absolute veto was removed in 1911).

Reform of the House of Lords is a current political issue in the UK. The House of Commons has resolved to make it more democratic, so that 80% or 100% of its members are elected rather than appointed.

===The Executive===

The British Government operates in the name of the Queen (or the "Crown"), but power lies in practice with the '''Prime Minister''' and his '''Cabinet'''. The British Prime Minister has one of the most powerful roles of any democratic head of government or head of state (though some, like the French President, have similar or more extensive powers).

Contrary to popular opinion, the British Prime Minister can be of any religion - for example, Iain Duncan-Smith, a Catholic, was made leader of the Conservative Party while in opposition which would have made him Prime Minister had the party won a general election at that time. In addition, [[Margaret Thatcher]] was a Methodist rather than an Anglican. Not many British political commentators make any mention of religion, and religion is not considered a major deciding factor in elections. The faith or denominations of party leaders is not well known.

The only relevant legislation that exists demands that the Monarch not be Catholic, and the Anglican coronation and automatic incumbency to the position of Supreme Governor of the Church of England ensure that the Sovereign is Anglican; however, the now defunct position of advising the monarch on ecclesiastical affairs could have fallen to any member of the cabinet. No legislation exists which regulates the religion of the Prime Minister or any other member of parliament.

== Devolution ==

{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor=cccccc
! Nation/Region || Legislature || Executive || Leader(s)
|-
| '''[[Scotland]]''' || [[Scottish Parliament]] || Scottish Government || First Minister
|-
| '''[[Wales]]''' || National Assembly for Wales || Welsh Assembly Government || First Minister
|-
| '''[[Northern Ireland]]''' || Northern Ireland Assembly || Northern Ireland Executive || First Minister and Deputy First Minister1
|-
| '''[[London|Greater London]]''' || London Assembly|| Mayor of London || Mayor of London
|}


1 Northern Ireland is a dyarchy in which both leaders are regarded as equal.


==Local government==

Each locality in the UK has its own '''local authority''': there are '''councils''' of various sorts, as well as a number of elected '''mayors''' (most notably in London, whose current mayor is the Muslim Labour Party politician [[Sadiq Khan]]). The powers of local authorities have been seen as declining for many years, however one of the main aims of the new coalition government is to reverse this. Local authorities can pass 'bylaws', secondary delegated legislation that can regulate planning and other local areas.

It should be noted that most mayors in Britain are relatively powerless officials who serve as mere figureheads, in a similar way to the Monarch, as the power is with the local council, of which the mayor is the leader. However, a number of cities, such as London, have powerful mayors with a full executive role.

==Parties==

The British political spectrum has historically been dominated by the '''[[Labour Party]]''' on the left, the '''[[Conservative Party]]''' on the right, and the '''Liberal Party''' (now the [[Liberal Democrats]]) in the centre between them ("liberal" in British political terminology is often used to mean "centrist" or "moderate", rather than "left-wing"). In theory, these parties represent the three main political ideologies; liberal, conservative and socialist, but recently, there has been a perception that the main parties are crowding together on the center-ground. In the 1990s, Labour moved decisively away from the traditional left (angering many of its more traditionally-minded supporters), to the point where it was perceived by many as being less left-wing than the Liberal Democrats. Since the advent of [[David Cameron]] as its leader in 2005, the Conservative Party has moved away from the territory of the traditional right (in this case too, angering many of its more strongly conservative or [[Thatcherite]] supporters).

===Labour===
see also [[Labour Party]]

The [[Labour Party]] is currently the main opposition party in the UK and is led by [[Keir Starmer]]. It is also the largest party in the Welsh legislature and the second-largest party in the Scottish Parliament.

Following its defeat by Margaret Thatcher's Conservatives in 1979, the Labour Party adopted a strongly left-wing, communistic program. Following a catastrophic defeat in the 1983 general election, more moderate politicians took charge of Labour and slowly moved it closer to the centre-ground of British politics, a process started by [[Neil Kinnock]] in the mid-1980s and carried forward enthusiastically by [[Tony Blair]] after his election as leader in 1994. Many more traditional, left-wing Labour supporters see Tony Blair as an usurper whose policies are too right-wing for comfort. This has been the case in particular following the Iraq War.

Blair's policies were arguably a mixture of left (e.g. higher taxes, higher government spending, greater integration with the European Union, equal rights for gay people) and right (e.g. pro-market reforms in the public services, retention of Lady Thatcher's labour laws, support for the [[War on Terror]] and [[George W. Bush]]'s foreign policies). His successor [[Gordon Brown]], once a close ally of Blair, has spoken out against the idea of the party shifting back to the left. Gordon Brown and Tony Blair were both seen as modernists within the Labour Party before they were elected to power in 1997. Recently, the Labour Party was led by Jeremy Corbyn, who too the party to the far left, but he failed dismally in the 2019 election and resigned.

===Conservatives===
* Also See: [[Conservative Party]]
British conservatism has traditionally been a moderate, non-ideological creed: its heroes include such pragmatic figures as [[Edmund Burke]] in the eighteenth century and Sir [[Robert Peel]] and [[Benjamin Disraeli]] in the nineteenth century. These figures contrasted with contemporary conservatives from other European countries such as the French thinker [[Joseph de Maistre]], who were often strong, ideologically-minded supporters of absolute monarchy and Roman Catholicism.

The Conservative Party became more ideologically conservative during the leadership of [[Margaret Thatcher]] (1975-1990). Since Lady Thatcher resigned in 1990, the strongly conservative element within the party has been more or less eclipsed. It had some influence in the 1990s during the leadership of Sir John Major (1990-1997), but the leader [[David Cameron]], has moved decisively away from "Thatcherism". This has caused dismay to many Conservative activists. It is often argued that this move has greatly increased the popularity and [[electability]] of the Conservative Party; however Margaret Thatcher achieved three solid general election victories while Cameron has been forced to form a coalition with the leftist pro-EU Liberal Democrats after failing to win an absolute majority.

Its current leader is [[Boris Johnson]].

===Liberal Democrats===

The Liberal Democrats (or "Lib Dems") were formed in 1988 by the merger of the old centrist Liberal Party with the centre-left Social Democratic Party (SDP). They have long advocated disestablishing the [[Church of England]], and their former leader [[Nick Clegg]], who has publicly said he is "not an active believer" in God, but claims to be "open-minded" about religion, has married a Catholic and is bringing his children up as Catholics.<ref>''Nick Clegg is a believer in families, not God'' [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article3076044.ece Times Online]</ref>

The Liberal Democrats are divided between a relatively left-wing faction (to which the former leaders Sir Menzies Campbell and Charles Kennedy belong), which has taken positions to the left of the Labour Party on a number of issues, and a more centrist, pro-[[free market]] faction to which the present leader belongs (several of whose members contributed to a controversial collection of essays published in 2004 called ''The Orange Book''). Despite the range of view on economic issues, the party is consistently culturally liberal, on social issues. The Liberal Democrats are strong advocates of anti-discrimination laws.

The party's current leader is [[Vince Cable]].

=== Scotland ===
The largest party in the [[Scottish Parliament]] is the '''[[Scottish National Party]]'''. Among other policies it advocates a greater level of independence for Scotland.

=== Wales ===
There is also a Welsh nationalist party, called '''Plaid Cymru''', or simply '''Plaid''', which currently in coalition with Labour has control of the [[Welsh Assembly]].

=== Northern Ireland ===
Northern Ireland has a number of political parties:
* '''[[Democratic Unionist Party]]''' - strongly Unionist
* '''[[Sinn Fein]]''' - strongly Irish-Nationalist ("Republican"); however, party members who win UK Parliament seats will historically not take their seats
* '''[[Ulster Unionist Party]]''' - moderately Unionist
* '''[[Social Democratic and Labour Party]]''' - moderately Irish-Nationalist

===Minor parties===
There are several other minor British parties worthy of mention:
* The '''[[UK Independence Party]]''' advocates the withdrawal of Britain from the [[European Union]] and other more strongly conservative policies than those supported by the official Conservative Party.
* The '''[[Brexit Party]]''', founded by former UKIP and Conservative Party members, supports securing full UK independence from the EU and achieving Brexit.
* The '''[[Green Party (UK)|Green Party]]''' is a left-wing party that advocates major constraints on economic activity in order to prevent alleged anthropogenic global warming.
* '''[[RESPECT Party|Respect]]''' is a strongly far-left, socialist party led by the maverick ex-Labour politician [[George Galloway]], who has been endorsed by revolutionary Communist and Islamic parties within the UK.
* The '''[[British National Party]]''' is generally seen as an extreme [[national socialist]] or fascist party. It advocates the repatriation of non-white people from the UK to the countries of their or their families' origin.
*The [[Monster raving loony party|Monster Raving Loony Party]] is a 'joke' party, which however often receives significant numbers of [[protest vote]]s especially in high-profile [[by-election]]s (which may attract a large number, sometimes dozens, of other not entirely serious candidates).

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:British Politics|*]]
[[Category:British History]]

British politics

2020-04-09T02:50:38Z

Orbhouse: /* Conservatives */

'''British politics''' take place within the context of a democratic [[parliamentary]] system called "Westminster system" dominated by two major parties. Currently, there is a minority government of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] led by [[Boris Johnson]], supported with a "Supply and Confidence" arrangement by Northern Ireland's [[Democratic Unionist Party]].

The political culture of the UK tends to be more liberal than that of the United States, but less so than that of many other European nations. In contrast to many other [[Europe]]an countries, in the UK [[abortion]] is lightly restricted: to cases of [[rape]], fetal defects, socio-economic factors and when the mother's life is endangered. [[File:Brit-history.jpg|thumb|250px]]

==Institutions==
===Parliament===

''See also [[Parliament]]''

The cornerstone of the uncodified British [[constitution]] is ''Parliamentary supremacy'', or ''Parliamentary sovereignty''.

Britain is one of a small number of nations without a codified constitution, and the British legislature, ''Parliament'', is free to legislate however it pleases. In British law, the only authority higher than parliamentary legislation is the law of the [[European Union]], and Britain is subject to EU law only by virtue of the fact that Parliament has chosen to accept it.

Parliament consists of the Queen, the [[House of Lords]] and the [[House of Commons (UK)|House of Commons]]. The Queen today takes no part in active politics (the last time that a monarch refused to ratify a law passed by the Lords and Commons was in 1714). While the House of Lords is considered to be the more prestigious chamber, the Commons is dominant by virtue of the fact that its members are elected rather than appointed. The Lords can only delay rather than veto legislation, though the Commons rarely chooses to push through laws against the Lords' wishes (it has done so only five times since the Lords' absolute veto was removed in 1911).

Reform of the House of Lords is a current political issue in the UK. The House of Commons has resolved to make it more democratic, so that 80% or 100% of its members are elected rather than appointed.

===The Executive===

The British Government operates in the name of the Queen (or the "Crown"), but power lies in practice with the '''Prime Minister''' and his '''Cabinet'''. The British Prime Minister has one of the most powerful roles of any democratic head of government or head of state (though some, like the French President, have similar or more extensive powers).

Contrary to popular opinion, the British Prime Minister can be of any religion - for example, Iain Duncan-Smith, a Catholic, was made leader of the Conservative Party while in opposition which would have made him Prime Minister had the party won a general election at that time. In addition, [[Margaret Thatcher]] was a Methodist rather than an Anglican. Not many British political commentators make any mention of religion, and religion is not considered a major deciding factor in elections. The faith or denominations of party leaders is not well known.

The only relevant legislation that exists demands that the Monarch not be Catholic, and the Anglican coronation and automatic incumbency to the position of Supreme Governor of the Church of England ensure that the Sovereign is Anglican; however, the now defunct position of advising the monarch on ecclesiastical affairs could have fallen to any member of the cabinet. No legislation exists which regulates the religion of the Prime Minister or any other member of parliament.

== Devolution ==

{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor=cccccc
! Nation/Region || Legislature || Executive || Leader(s)
|-
| '''[[Scotland]]''' || [[Scottish Parliament]] || Scottish Government || First Minister
|-
| '''[[Wales]]''' || National Assembly for Wales || Welsh Assembly Government || First Minister
|-
| '''[[Northern Ireland]]''' || Northern Ireland Assembly || Northern Ireland Executive || First Minister and Deputy First Minister1
|-
| '''[[London|Greater London]]''' || London Assembly|| Mayor of London || Mayor of London
|}


1 Northern Ireland is a dyarchy in which both leaders are regarded as equal.


==Local government==

Each locality in the UK has its own '''local authority''': there are '''councils''' of various sorts, as well as a number of elected '''mayors''' (most notably in London, whose current mayor is the Muslim Labour Party politician [[Sadiq Khan]]). The powers of local authorities have been seen as declining for many years, however one of the main aims of the new coalition government is to reverse this. Local authorities can pass 'bylaws', secondary delegated legislation that can regulate planning and other local areas.

It should be noted that most mayors in Britain are relatively powerless officials who serve as mere figureheads, in a similar way to the Monarch, as the power is with the local council, of which the mayor is the leader. However, a number of cities, such as London, have powerful mayors with a full executive role.

==Parties==

The British political spectrum has historically been dominated by the '''[[Labour Party]]''' on the left, the '''[[Conservative Party]]''' on the right, and the '''Liberal Party''' (now the [[Liberal Democrats]]) in the centre between them ("liberal" in British political terminology is often used to mean "centrist" or "moderate", rather than "left-wing"). In theory, these parties represent the three main political ideologies; liberal, conservative and socialist, but recently, there has been a perception that the main parties are crowding together on the center-ground. In the 1990s, Labour moved decisively away from the traditional left (angering many of its more traditionally-minded supporters), to the point where it was perceived by many as being less left-wing than the Liberal Democrats. Since the advent of [[David Cameron]] as its leader in 2005, the Conservative Party has moved away from the territory of the traditional right (in this case too, angering many of its more strongly conservative or [[Thatcherite]] supporters).

===Labour===
see also [[Labour Party]]

The [[Labour Party]] is currently the main opposition party in the UK and is led by [[Jeremy Corbyn]]. It is also the largest party in the Welsh legislature and the second-largest party in the Scottish Parliament.

Following its defeat by Margaret Thatcher's Conservatives in 1979, the Labour Party adopted a strongly left-wing, communistic program. Following a catastrophic defeat in the 1983 general election, more moderate politicians took charge of Labour and slowly moved it closer to the centre-ground of British politics, a process started by [[Neil Kinnock]] in the mid-1980s and carried forward enthusiastically by [[Tony Blair]] after his election as leader in 1994. Many more traditional, left-wing Labour supporters see Tony Blair as an usurper whose policies are too right-wing for comfort. This has been the case in particular following the Iraq War.

Blair's policies were arguably a mixture of left (e.g. higher taxes, higher government spending, greater integration with the European Union, equal rights for gay people) and right (e.g. pro-market reforms in the public services, retention of Lady Thatcher's labour laws, support for the [[War on Terror]] and [[George W. Bush]]'s foreign policies). His successor [[Gordon Brown]], once a close ally of Blair, has spoken out against the idea of the party shifting back to the left. Gordon Brown and Tony Blair were both seen as modernists within the Labour Party before they were elected to power in 1997.

===Conservatives===
* Also See: [[Conservative Party]]
British conservatism has traditionally been a moderate, non-ideological creed: its heroes include such pragmatic figures as [[Edmund Burke]] in the eighteenth century and Sir [[Robert Peel]] and [[Benjamin Disraeli]] in the nineteenth century. These figures contrasted with contemporary conservatives from other European countries such as the French thinker [[Joseph de Maistre]], who were often strong, ideologically-minded supporters of absolute monarchy and Roman Catholicism.

The Conservative Party became more ideologically conservative during the leadership of [[Margaret Thatcher]] (1975-1990). Since Lady Thatcher resigned in 1990, the strongly conservative element within the party has been more or less eclipsed. It had some influence in the 1990s during the leadership of Sir John Major (1990-1997), but the leader [[David Cameron]], has moved decisively away from "Thatcherism". This has caused dismay to many Conservative activists. It is often argued that this move has greatly increased the popularity and [[electability]] of the Conservative Party; however Margaret Thatcher achieved three solid general election victories while Cameron has been forced to form a coalition with the leftist pro-EU Liberal Democrats after failing to win an absolute majority.

Its current leader is [[Boris Johnson]].

===Liberal Democrats===

The Liberal Democrats (or "Lib Dems") were formed in 1988 by the merger of the old centrist Liberal Party with the centre-left Social Democratic Party (SDP). They have long advocated disestablishing the [[Church of England]], and their former leader [[Nick Clegg]], who has publicly said he is "not an active believer" in God, but claims to be "open-minded" about religion, has married a Catholic and is bringing his children up as Catholics.<ref>''Nick Clegg is a believer in families, not God'' [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article3076044.ece Times Online]</ref>

The Liberal Democrats are divided between a relatively left-wing faction (to which the former leaders Sir Menzies Campbell and Charles Kennedy belong), which has taken positions to the left of the Labour Party on a number of issues, and a more centrist, pro-[[free market]] faction to which the present leader belongs (several of whose members contributed to a controversial collection of essays published in 2004 called ''The Orange Book''). Despite the range of view on economic issues, the party is consistently culturally liberal, on social issues. The Liberal Democrats are strong advocates of anti-discrimination laws.

The party's current leader is [[Vince Cable]].

=== Scotland ===
The largest party in the [[Scottish Parliament]] is the '''[[Scottish National Party]]'''. Among other policies it advocates a greater level of independence for Scotland.

=== Wales ===
There is also a Welsh nationalist party, called '''Plaid Cymru''', or simply '''Plaid''', which currently in coalition with Labour has control of the [[Welsh Assembly]].

=== Northern Ireland ===
Northern Ireland has a number of political parties:
* '''[[Democratic Unionist Party]]''' - strongly Unionist
* '''[[Sinn Fein]]''' - strongly Irish-Nationalist ("Republican"); however, party members who win UK Parliament seats will historically not take their seats
* '''[[Ulster Unionist Party]]''' - moderately Unionist
* '''[[Social Democratic and Labour Party]]''' - moderately Irish-Nationalist

===Minor parties===
There are several other minor British parties worthy of mention:
* The '''[[UK Independence Party]]''' advocates the withdrawal of Britain from the [[European Union]] and other more strongly conservative policies than those supported by the official Conservative Party.
* The '''[[Brexit Party]]''', founded by former UKIP and Conservative Party members, supports securing full UK independence from the EU and achieving Brexit.
* The '''[[Green Party (UK)|Green Party]]''' is a left-wing party that advocates major constraints on economic activity in order to prevent alleged anthropogenic global warming.
* '''[[RESPECT Party|Respect]]''' is a strongly far-left, socialist party led by the maverick ex-Labour politician [[George Galloway]], who has been endorsed by revolutionary Communist and Islamic parties within the UK.
* The '''[[British National Party]]''' is generally seen as an extreme [[national socialist]] or fascist party. It advocates the repatriation of non-white people from the UK to the countries of their or their families' origin.
*The [[Monster raving loony party|Monster Raving Loony Party]] is a 'joke' party, which however often receives significant numbers of [[protest vote]]s especially in high-profile [[by-election]]s (which may attract a large number, sometimes dozens, of other not entirely serious candidates).

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:British Politics|*]]
[[Category:British History]]

The Crucible

2020-04-09T02:47:24Z

Orbhouse:

'''The Crucible''' (1953), written by [[leftist]] [[atheist]] playwright [[Arthur Miller]], is an attack on American [[Christianity]] and the fight against [[communism]]. It is a fictionalized portrayal of the [[Salem Witch Trials]] and serves as an allegorical attack to the [[anti-Communist|anti-communist]] agenda of Republican Senator [[Joseph McCarthy]].<ref name=Miller>See [[Arthur Miller]]'s ''Why I Wrote "The Crucible"'' in [http://www.dlackey.org/weblog/docs/Why%20I%20Wrote%20the%20Crucible.pdf Life & Letters], The New Yorker, Issue Date 1996-10-21</ref> The plot follows the protagonist John Proctor (a devout Christian) and his wife Elizabeth Proctor, along with several other members of the community, as they are systematically prosecuted for witchcraft. Although officially claimed by Miller to be a historical period piece to cover his subversive agenda, it should be noted that in real life, Abigail Williams would actually have been 12 years old at the time of the play, not 17, and there was no record of her ever interacting with John Proctor (who likewise would have been in his fifties to sixty years old during this time) beyond living in the same community, let alone conducting an extramarital affair with him.
There is some debate as to what were the political messages of the play. Although Miller, a Liberal, used the play attacked McCarthy's anti-communist "witch-hunt", comparing it to the Salem Witch Trials, the play is also anti-autocracy, and although some of its antagonists claim to be acting in the name of God (some are ordained priests), the main characters are depicted as being "truly" Christian.

Although Miller's targets may have been conservative, the kind of behavior he attacks is also exhibited by liberals, especially those quick to condemn people for [[politically incorrect]] statements.

==References==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name=Miller>See [[Arthur Miller]]'s ''"Why I Wrote "The Crucible"'' in [http://www.dlackey.org/weblog/docs/Why%20I%20Wrote%20the%20Crucible.pdf Life & Letters], The New Yorker, Issue Date 1996-10-21</ref>
}}

[[Category:Plays]]
[[Category:Liberal Fiction]]

British conservatives

2020-04-09T02:40:54Z

Orbhouse:

Great Britain has contributed much to conservative principles and philosophy. These are some of the most important British conservatives, in the sense that readers of Conservapedia would understand as conservative. Note that the British [[Conservative Party]] is only moderately conservative, with a similar political viewpoint to that of [[RINO]]s in the USA. Though this is only true of social conservatism and even then Leaders like Thatcher and Churchill are considered Conservative in the true sense of the word. Conservatism differs somewhat in the US and the UK. In the UK, many 'conservatives' still support gun control and oppose the death penalty. Sone aspects of American conservatism would be considered left-wing in the UK - for instance, republicanism and opposition to the aristocracy.

* [[Edmund Burke]] (1729 - 1797)
* [[Adam Smith]] (1723 - 1790)
* [[Robert Peel]] (1788 - 1850)
* [[Benjamin Disraeli]] (1804 - 1881)
* [[Winston Churchill]] (1874 - 1965)
* [[Enoch Powell]] (1912 - 1998)
* [[Keith Joseph]] (1918 - 1994)
* [[Margaret Thatcher]] (1925 - 2013 )
[[Category:British Politicians]]
[[Category:Conservatism]]

Brexit

2020-04-09T00:32:05Z

Orbhouse:

[[File:United Kingdom EU referendum 2016 area results.svg.png|thumb|250px|Brexit results. Blue-shaded areas stand for council areas that voted "Leave". Orange stands for "Remain".]]
:''For the political philosophy in favor of Brexit, see [[Euroskepticism]]''
'''Brexit''' is a repudiation of [[globalism]] and the campaign slogan for "Britain's Exit" from the [[European Union]]. The British people became the first nation to vote on a referendum whether or not to remain in membership to the EU, on June 23, 2016. The historic vote shocked the world as the Leave campaign won by a 52–48% margin. Prime Minister [[David Cameron]] campaigned to remain in the EU and was humiliated by the outcome, whereupon he resigned his position. Former London Mayor [[Boris Johnson]] was a leader of the Leave camp, though previously supporting Remain. Regaining [[self-governance]] and [[sovereignty]] were the top reasons for leaving the EU,<ref>[https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/editorials/brexit-is-at-bottom-about-self-rule Brexit is, at bottom, about self-rule]. ''Washington Examiner''. March 24, 2019. Retrieved March 24, 2019.</ref> and the difficulty in leaving was the result of having surrendered control to the EU in the first place.<ref>Barnes, Fred (September 26, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/american-independence American independence]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved September 28, 2019.</ref> The vote was one of the most significant events in Europe in the 2010s.<ref>Lane, Oliver JJ (January 1, 2020). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2020/01/01/terrorism-brexit-and-the-migrant-crisis-three-stories-that-defined-the-decade/ Terrorism, Brexit, and the Migrant Crisis: Three Stories That Defined the Decade]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 1, 2020.</ref>

On May 24, 2019, this issue caused the resignation of the prime minister of the [[United Kingdom]], as [[Theresa May]] tearfully announced she would step down due to her inability to secure a parliamentary majority for the Brexit deal her government had negotiated with the EU. [[Boris Johnson]], an advocate of a "no-deal Brexit" (i.e., leaving the EU without any agreement), was victorious in replacing Mrs. May.

Polling prior to the referendum indicated a tight race, with 44% preferring to stay (anti-Brexit) and 42% supporting leaving the EU (Brexit), as of April 17, 2016.<ref>https://ig.ft.com/sites/brexit-polling/</ref> Two weeks after [[Barack Obama]] gave his support to Cameron and chided Britain to stay in the EU, a survey says Brexit gained 3% who want out.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-poll-idUSKCN0XP0PO? Obama fails to swing Britain behind EU as 'Out' takes poll lead, Reuters, April 28, 2016]</ref> Final results showed "Leave" with 52% of the vote to "Remain" with 48%, a margin that was 5 points better than polling. This was despite the fact that the "Remain" side was fined several times for cheating and lack of transparency, and despite the British government sending fliers to every citizen to urge them to vote "Remain."<ref>Kassam, Raheem (March 25, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/03/25/5-ways-brexit-remain-camp-cheated-still-lost/ 5 Ways the Remain Camp Cheated During Brexit…. And Still Lost!] ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 25, 2018.</ref> After the election, many British voters felt betrayed by their politicians who undermined, threatened, and delayed Brexit.<ref>Multiple references:
*Kilcoyne, Clodagh; Ledwith, Sara (April 4, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-coast-insight/in-brexit-on-sea-the-left-behind-still-want-out-idUSKCN1RG0GZ In Brexit-on-Sea, the left-behind still want Out]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
* https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/britain-eu-coast/
*Lawless, Jill (September 9, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/b9c08875fe4f4257bbe262f6d3798152 Britain’s Brexit heartland seethes at delay and ‘betrayal’]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
See also:
*Lane, Oliver JJ (October 31, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/10/31/how-did-we-get-here-the-broken-promises-and-remainer-activism-that-saw-brexit-cancelled-a-third-time/ How Did We Get Here? The Broken Promises and Remainer Activism That Saw Brexit Cancelled a Third Time]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 31, 2019.</ref> Some liberal and globalist politicians, including the Speaker of the House of Commons John Bercow, admitted to attempting to stop a clean Brexit.<ref>Friedman, Victoria (November 29, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/11/29/former-speaker-admits-he-facilitated-stopping-clean-break-brexit/ Former Speaker Admits He ‘Facilitated’ Stopping Clean-Break Brexit]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 29, 2019.</ref>

The British High Court ruled on November 3, 2016, that the British government could not unilaterally begin formal exit negotiations with the EU, but rather that parliamentary approval via an Act of Parliament is needed to permit the British Government to trigger Article 50 and begin the withdrawal process.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-37857785 Brexit court defeat for UK government]. ''BBC''. November 3, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2016.</ref> The British government appealed the decision to the Supreme Court, skipping the Court of Appeal. On the 1st of February 2017, the British House of Commons approved beginning Brexit negotiations.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-38833883 Brexit: MPs overwhelmingly back Article 50 bill]. ''BBC''. February 1, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.</ref> Amendments were later made in the House of Lords, and each amendment was refused by the House of Commons. The bill eventually became law and on the 29th of March, Theresa May triggered Article 50 and began the withdrawal process from the [[European Union]].

Prime Minister [[Theresa May]] officially initiated Brexit on March 29, 2017.<ref>Suarez Sang, Lucia I. (March 29, 2017). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/2017/03/29/brexit-triggered-u-k-prime-minister-sends-letter-to-european-union-to-begin-exit.html Brexit triggered: UK prime minister sends letter to European Union to begin divorce]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved March 29, 2017.</ref><ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/03/29/triggered/ TRIGGERED: Britain Invokes Article 50 to Begin Brexit Process]. ''Breitbart News''. March 29, 2017. Retrieved March 29, 2017.</ref> In the Brexit negotiations, the EU parliament has a very powerful role, and has ruled out certain things the British Government was hoping to achieve (such as trade agreements with individual nation-states, rather than the European Union as an entity), thus acting as a bully to Britain.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/world/2017/04/05/eu-legislators-tell-uk-on-brexit-no-parallel-talks.html EU legislators tell UK on Brexit: no parallel talks]. ''Fox News'' (from the ''Associated Press''). April 5, 2017. Retrieved April 5, 2017.</ref> Run by weak [[establishment]] and [[globalist]] politicians, the UK had serious trouble agreeing to leave the EU as voters demanded.<ref>Byas, Steve (September 25, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/33506-britain-s-struggle-to-leave-the-eu-demonstrates-the-tenacity-of-globalists Britain’s Struggle to Leave the EU Demonstrates the Tenacity of Globalists]. ''The New American''. Retrieved September 25, 2019.</ref><ref>McManus, John F. (November 8, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/reviews/opinion/item/33979-brexit-turmoil Brexit Turmoil]. ''The New American''. Retrieved November 8, 2019.</ref>

Conservatives pushed back against the establishment attempt to nullify Brexit, with [[Nigel Farage]] forming the [[Brexit Party]] in April 2019.
Generally, Scotland and the Home Counties voted to Remain, while other parts of England and Wales voted to Leave.

Britain officially left the EU on January 31, 2020.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILwy7FGSlA0</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WF3S7gcDmvA</ref>

== Eligible voters ==
*Voters must have been 18 or older
*British, Commonwealth or Irish citizen who resided in Britain.
*British nationals who lived overseas for less than 15 years could also vote.

==Economic impact==
Prior to the referendum, the Left and establishment claimed that approving Brexit would lead to terrible economic ruin for the UK. Pro-Brexiteers labeled this hysteria "Project Fear." Financial giants warned the British of credit downgrades. The British Pound dropped significantly as results started pouring in showing Leave doing better than expected.

Contrary to claims by anti-Brexit activists, the British economy did well, and it even improved after the referendum.<ref>Kim, Anthony B.; Devlin, Bradley (June 21, 2019). [https://www.dailysignal.com/2019/06/21/3-years-after-brexit-vote-dire-warnings-for-uk-economy-have-proved-wrong/ 3 Years After Brexit Vote, Dire Warnings for UK Economy Have Proved Wrong]. ''The Daily Signal''. Retrieved June 22, 2019. See also:
*Zindulka, Kurt; Lane, Oliver JJ (November 12, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/11/12/uk-economy-13-quarters-of-growth-since-eu-referendum/ UK Economy: 13 Quarters of Growth Since EU Referendum]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 12, 2019.</ref> In early 2017, the chief economist of the Bank of England admitted that hysteric [[establishment]] predictions of economic gloom from a pro-Brexit result were wrong and inaccurate.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/world/2017/01/06/bank-england-economist-brexit-predictions-were-wrong.html Bank of England economist: Brexit predictions were wrong]. ''Fox News''. January 6, 2017. Retrieved January 6, 2017.</ref> The British finance ministry admitted the same in January 2018.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/01/26/reuters-treasury-says-pre-referendum-brexit-economy-forecasts-no-longer-valid/ Reuters: Treasury Says Pre-Referendum ‘Project Fear’ Forecasts No Longer Valid]. ''Breitbart News''. January 26, 2018. Retrieved January 26, 2018.</ref> In 2017, British manufacturing grew at its fastest rate since early 2008.<ref>Deacon, Liam (January 11, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/01/11/uk-manufacturing-growing-fastest-rate-decade-brexit-vote/ UK Manufacturing Growing at Fastest Rate in a Decade After Brexit Vote]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 11, 2018.</ref> Despite contrary claims by "Remain" campaigners, the British Pound climbed to pre-Brexit vote levels in January 2018.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/01/23/sterling-climbs-1-40-new-post-brexit-vote-high/ Sterling Climbs Above $1.40 to New Post-Brexit-Vote High]. ''Breitbart News''. January 23, 2018. Retrieved January 23, 2018.</ref> Employment also rose.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/01/24/reuters-uk-employment-surges-record-high-wages-increase/ REUTERS: UK Employment Surges to Record High, Wages Increase]. ''Breitbart News''. January 24, 2018. Retrieved January 24, 2018.</ref> By 2018, British export levels reached the highest level since 2010.<ref>Montgomery, Jack (March 8, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/03/08/british-exports-strongest-since-2010-pre-referendum-recession-threats/ Brexit Boom: British Exports Strongest Since 2010, Defying Pre-Referendum Recession Threats]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 8, 2018.</ref> Car manufacturing and investment also increased significantly in 2018.<ref>Montgomery, Jack (February 4, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/02/04/uk-enjoys-surge-car-manufacturing-millions-invested-new-factories/ Brexit-pocalypse? Surge in UK Car Manufacturing, Huge Investment in Research Centres, New Factories]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved February 4, 2019.</ref> The Office for National Statistics found in February 2019 that the British economy was growing faster than that of the [[Eurozone]].<ref>Montgomery, Jack (February 15, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/02/15/british-economy-defies-anti-brexiteers-outpace-europe/ British Economy Defies Anti-Brexiteers to Outpace Europe]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved February 15, 2019.</ref> European investment more than doubled in nearly three years after the vote.<ref>Friedman, Victoria (March 5, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/03/05/brexit-boost-european-investment-in-uk-more-than-doubles-since-brexit-vote/ Brexit Boost: European Investment in UK More Than Doubles Since Brexit Vote]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 5, 2019.</ref> In July 2019, the British economy increased more than expected.<ref>Bruce, Andy; Cable, Jonathan (September 9, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-economy/uk-economy-shows-unexpected-strength-in-july-dampening-recession-fears-idUSKCN1VU0S5 UK economy shows unexpected strength in July, dampening recession fears]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved September 9, 2019.</ref> London's status as a capital for finance remained despite contrary claims by anti-Brexiteers.<ref>Friedman, Victoria (October 16, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/10/16/project-fear-wrong-again-london-remains-a-finance-capital-growth-since-2016-brexit-vote/ Project Fear Wrong Again: London Remains a Finance Capital, Growth Since 2016 Brexit Vote]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 16, 2019.</ref> In late 2019, the number of people employed in the UK reached a record high.<ref>Zindulka, Kurt (December 17, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/12/17/brexit-boom-employment-reaches-record-high-ahead-of-brexit-deadline/ Brexit Boom: Employment Reaches Record High Ahead of Brexit Deadline]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 17, 2019.</ref> The UK's economy outperformed the French economy despite predictions to the contrary.<ref>Montgomery, Jack (December 27, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/12/27/despite-brexit-french-economy-fails-overtake-uk-as-predicted-will-be-far-behind-2034/ ‘Despite Brexit’ – French Economy Fails to Overtake UK as Predicted, Will Be Far Behind by 2034]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 27, 2019.</ref>

Despite the economic growth, anti-Brexit activists continued to predict "doom-and-gloom" economic scenarios.<ref>Montgomery, Jack (January 11, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/01/11/project-fear-redux-economy-surges-khan-predict-disaster/ Project Fear Redux: As Economy Surges, Anti-Brexit Economists Predict Disaster in Report Funded by Sadiq Khan]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 11, 2018.</ref> However, former prime minister [[David Cameron]], who supported the "Remain" campaign, admitted in January 2018 that Brexit "turned out less badly than we first thought" despite continuing to voice displeasure about it.<ref>Lane, Oliver JJ (January 24, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/01/24/david-cameron-davos-brexit-turned-less-badly-first-thought/ David Cameron at Davos: ‘Brexit Has Turned Out Less Badly Than We First Thought’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 24, 2018.</ref>

Anti-Brexit advocates continued promoting Project Fear, or "Project Hysteria," regarding a potential no-deal "Hard Brexit."<ref>Friedman, Victoria (September 17, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/09/17/project-hysteria-dire-predictions-no-deal-brexit-sandwiches-space-debris-falling-sky/ ‘Project Hysteria’: Dire No-Deal Brexit Predictions from the End of Sandwiches to the Sky Falling in]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 17, 2018.</ref><ref>Delingpole, James (November 29, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2018/11/29/uk-establishment-ramps-up-brexit-hysteria-more-lies/ Delingpole: Brexit Project Fear Gives Way to Project Hysteria]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 29, 2018.</ref>

Crawford Falconer, the UK's main trade negotiator, admitted in July 2019 that Britain had very little influence in international trade policy as an member of the European Union.<ref>Montgomery, Jack (July 16, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/07/16/britains-chief-trade-negotiator-admits-very-little-influence-world-trade-eu-member/ Britain’s Chief Trade Negotiator: UK Has ‘Very Little Influence’ on World Trade While an EU Member]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 16, 2019.</ref>

== Secular leftists, Brexit and mental illness ==

''See also:'' [[Secular leftists and psychogenic illness]]

There is a considerable amount of scientific evidence that suggests that [[theism]] is more conducive to mental and physical health than [[atheism]] (See:[[Atheism and health]]).<ref>Multiple references:
*Mueller, Dr. Paul S. et al. (December 2001). [http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196%2811%2962799-7/fulltext "Religious involvement, spirituality, and medicine: implications for clinical practice"]. ''Mayo Clinic Proceedings'' vol. 76:12, pp. 1225-1235. Retrieved from Mayo Clinic Proceedings website on July 20, 2014.
*[http://www.spiritualityandhealth.duke.edu/index.php/research/research-library "Research library"]. Duke University Center for Spirituality, Theology and Health. Retrieved on July 24, 2014.
*McCullough, Michael E. et al. (2000). [http://www.psy.miami.edu/faculty/mmccullough/Papers/rel_mort_meta.pdf "Religious involvement and mortality: a meta-analytic review"]. ''Health Psychology''. vol. 19:3. pp. 211-222. Retrieved from University of Miami, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology website on July 24, 2014.
*Casey, Professor Patricia (April 3, 2009). [http://www.ionainstitute.ie/pdfs/Religion-Exec_summary.pdf "The psycho-social benefits of religious practise" [executive summary]]. Iona Institute for Religion and Society [Ireland] website. Retrieved on July 24, 2014.
*McCullough, Michael E. and Willoughby, Brian L. B. (2009). [http://www.psy.miami.edu/faculty/mmccullough/Papers/Relig_self_control_bulletin.pdf "Religion, self-regulation, and self-control: associations, explanations, and implications"]. ''Psychological Bulletin'', vol. 135: 1, pp. 69–93. Retrieved from University of Miami, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology website on July 24, 2014.
*University of Colorado at Boulder (May 17, 1999). [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/05/990517064323.htm "Research shows religion plays a major role in health, longevity"]. ScienceDaily. Retrieved on July 24, 2014.
*Dervic, Kanita, et al. (December 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15569904 "Religious affiliation and suicide attempt" [abstract]]. ''The American Journal of Psychiatry'', vol. 161:12, pp. 2303-8. Abstract retrieved from National Institutes of Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, Pub Med on July 24, 2014.
*University of Warwick (December 2003). [http://www.scienceblog.com/community/older/2003/A/20037338.html "Psychology researcher [Dr. Stephen Joseph] says spiritual meaning of Christmas brings more happiness than materialism"]. Scienceblog. Retrieved on July 24, 2014.</ref> In addition, atheists have higher suicide rates (see: [[Atheism and suicide]] and [[Atheism and depression]]).

Politically, most atheists fall on the left side of the political spectrum (see: [[Atheism and politics]] and [[Secular left]]).

The [[New Atheism|new atheist]] [[Richard Dawkins]] was against Brexit.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-39218108 Richard Dawkins: Brits have not spoken on Brexit], BBC</ref> Dawkins is a liberal/leftist.<ref>[https://richarddawkins.net/2013/08/religion-and-politics/ Religion and Politics], Richard Dawkins' website</ref> Most leftists were against Brexit.

A Eurobarometer poll in 2010 reported that 37% of UK citizens "believed there is a God", 33% believe there is "some sort of spirit or life force" and 25% answered "I don't believe there is any sort of spirit, God or life force".<ref>[http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_341_en.pdf Special Eurobarometer, biotechnology, p. 204"]. Fieldwork: Jan-Feb 2010.</ref> See also: [[British atheism]]

''[[The Guardian]]'' reported about Brexit:
{{Cquote|In shrinks’ offices across the country, just as in homes, pubs and offices, people are trying to come to terms with the surprise and shock of the Brexit result. Strangers gather together to talk of how “the world is falling apart”.

Many people feel transported into a dystopian Britain that they “do not recognise, cannot understand”. Thousands are hatching plans to leave the country. Social media are full of suddenly violent flaming between former friends.

Therapists everywhere are reporting shockingly elevated levels of anxiety and despair, with few patients wishing to talk about anything else. Mental health referrals have already begun to mushroom. Why is the Brexit vote affecting us so personally? And, what does this tell us about the make-up of our psyches?<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/jun/29/eu-referendum-mental-health-vote The EU referendum has caused a mental health crisis] by Jay Watts, The Guardian</ref>}}

The columnist Patrick West wrote in his article ''The Post-Brexit Ugliness of the left'':
{{Cquote|The liberal-left couldn’t understand why people would vote in the name of abstract principles such as ‘democracy’ or ‘freedom’ or ‘self-determination’, because they view everything in terms of their own money and their own public image.

There was a time when it was Tories who sneered at the poor, who deplored them as stupid and feckless. This was in the loadsamoney era of the 1980s, during which the market ruled and we were beholden to the whims of capitalists and the sainted market. There was even a time, many years ago, when the left spoke of principles, of democracy and liberty. How the roles have been reversed. How strange that it’s mostly conservatives who now talk in abstractions, and it’s the left that obsesses about the markets and worry about the FTSE 100, about their own money.<ref>[http://www.spiked-online.com/newsite/article/the-post-brexit-ugliness-of-the-left/18538 ''The Post-Brexit Ugliness of the left''] by Patrick West</ref>}}

==Process for leaving the EU==
Even before the process for leaving the EU began, globalists planned on sabotaging Brexit in the hope that the UK would retain much of its vassalage to the EU or even remain in the EU outright.<ref>Jasper, William F. (August 16, 2016). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/23880-is-new-brit-pm-theresa-may-sabotaging-brexit-with-endless-delays Is New Brit PM Theresa May Sabotaging Brexit With Endless Delays?] ''The New American''. Retrieved June 1, 2019. See also:
*Jasper, William F. (May 31, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/32487-as-smoke-clears-on-eu-elections-cfr-highlights-nationalist-globalist-clash As Smoke Clears on EU Elections: CFR Highlights Nationalist-Globalist Clash]. ''The New American''. Retrieved June 1, 2019.</ref>

Despite British leaders' reluctance for achieving a "no deal" hard Brexit, Professor Patrick Minford of Cardiff University estimated that such an exit would actually cost the EU £507 billion with the UK gaining £641 billion.<ref>Montgomery, Jack (January 15, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/01/15/study-no-deal-cost-eu-507bn-britain-gains-641bn/ Study: ‘No Deal’ Will Cost the EU £507bn, While Britain Gains £641bn]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 15, 2018.</ref> The British establishment claimed that a "no deal" Brexit would have disastrous consequences for Britain, similar to "Project Fear" prior to the referendum, despite the lack of evidence.<ref>Multiple references:
*Jasper, William F. (December 24, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/31015-will-no-deal-brexit-cause-horrible-chaos-as-globalist-elites-claim Will “No Deal” Brexit Cause “Horrible Chaos” as Globalist Elites Claim?] ''The New American''. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
*Montgomery, Jack (December 26, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2018/12/26/brexit-project-fears-best-scare-stories/ Brexit: Project Fear’s Best ‘No Deal’ Scare Stories of 2018]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 26, 2018.
*Jasper, William F. (January 3, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/31081-project-fear-intensifies-with-cumberbatch-brexit-film-andy-serkis-mock-video Project Fear Intensifies With Cumberbatch Brexit Film, Andy Serkis Mock Video]. ''The New American''. Retrieved January 7, 2019.</ref>

The UK parliament passed a bill implementing the referendum decision, becoming law on June 27, 2018, about a year after being introduced.<ref>Gaydos, Ryan (June 26, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/2018/06/26/brexit-bill-becomes-law-allowing-uk-to-leave-european-union.html Brexit bill becomes law, allowing UK to leave European Union]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 27, 2018.</ref><ref>Manchester, Julia (June 26, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/394124-british-brexit-bill-becomes-law British Brexit bill becomes law]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved June 27, 2018.</ref> [[Globalist]]s of the EU<ref>Jasper, William F. (January 7, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/31129-brexit-betrayal-and-the-eu-liars-club Brexit Betrayal and the EU Liars Club]. ''The New American''. Retrieved January 7, 2019.</ref> and in the UK refused to admit their defeat in the referendum by trying to undermine and even reverse Brexit – thus undermining democracy.<ref>Multiple references:
*Newman, Alex (June 27, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/29398-brexit-is-now-law-but-globalists-refuse-to-surrender Brexit Is Now Law, but Globalists Refuse to Surrender]. ''The New American''. Retrieved June 27, 2018.
*Hannan, Dan (December 24, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/how-the-europhiles-are-blowing-up-britain How the Europhiles are blowing up Britain]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved December 24, 2018.
*Murphy, James (January 13, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/31176-uk-in-brexit-turmoil-as-calls-for-a-new-referendum-grow UK in Brexit Turmoil as Calls for a New Referendum Grow]. ''The New American''. Retrieved January 13, 2019.
*Hannan, Daniel (April 8, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/op-eds/the-uks-remainers-will-tear-down-democracy-and-all-its-rules-to-get-their-way The UK's 'Remainers' will tear down democracy and all its rules to get their way]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
*Davies, Andrew (April 22, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/op-eds/the-great-brexit-con The great Brexit con]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved April 22, 2019.
See also:
*Woodfinden, Benjamin (February 6, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/no-deal-brexit-might-be-bad-but-remaining-in-the-eu-would-be-worse No-deal Brexit might be bad, but remaining in the EU would be worse]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved February 7, 2019.</ref> By July 2018, Prime Minister Theresa May had hurt her country's chances of securing a real Brexit because of several poor decisions and refusal to stand firm against the EU in negotiations.<ref>Friedman, Victoria (July 11, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/07/11/five-things-know-about-may-bungled-brexit/ Concessions, Threats, No Confidence: Five Ways ‘Zombie May’ Bungled Brexit]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 11, 2018. See also:
*Murphy, James (October 20, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/30389-what-obstacles-remain-with-brexit What Obstacles Remain With Brexit?] ''The New American''. Retrieved October 20, 2018.
*Montgomery, Jack (November 5, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2018/11/05/brexit-where-negotiations-stand-deal-deadline-looms/ The State of Brexit: Where EU Negotiations Stand as Deal Deadline Looms]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 5, 2018.
*Jasper, William F. (November 28, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/30770-theresa-may-betray-delay-fritter-the-brexit-victory-away Theresa May: Betray, Delay, Fritter the Brexit Victory Away]. ''The New American''. Retrieved November 28, 2018.
*Murphy, James (December 5, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/30826-brexit-in-peril-as-may-struggles-to-keep-her-deal-alive Brexit in Peril as May Struggles to Keep Her Deal Alive]. ''The New American''. Retrieved December 5, 2018.</ref> The UK parliament voted to make a clean Brexit more difficult to achieve, increasing the chance of no Brexit.<ref>Multiple references:
*Murphy, James (January 9, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/31148-more-speed-bumps-on-the-road-to-brexit More Speed Bumps on the Road to Brexit]. ''The New American''. Retrieved January 9, 2019.
*McTague, Tom (January 9, 2019). [https://www.politico.eu/article/second-defeat-in-2-days-for-theresa-may-at-hands-of-anti-brexit-mps/ Theresa May suffers second Brexit defeat in 24 hours]. ''Politico''. Retrieved January 9, 2019.
*Piper, Elizabeth; James, William; MacLellan, Kylie (January 9, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu/britains-may-suffers-parliament-defeat-as-brexit-debate-resumes-idUSKCN1P30ML Britain's May suffers parliament defeat as Brexit debate resumes]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved January 10, 2019.</ref>

On November 14, 2018, May announced the UK had reached an agreement with the EU.<ref>Multiple references:
*Lane, Oliver JJ (November 14, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2018/11/14/brexit-live-theresa-may-addresses-country-after-crunch-cabinet-meeting-over-worst-deal-in-history/ Brexit Live: Theresa May Addresses Country After Crunch Cabinet Meeting over ‘Worst Deal in History’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
*James, William; MacLellan, Kylie (November 14, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu/my-deal-no-deal-or-no-brexit-uk-pm-may-says-after-winning-ministers-backing-idUSKCN1NJ0WE My deal, no deal or no Brexit, UK PM May says after winning ministers' backing]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
*Colchester, Max (November 14, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/theresa-mays-brexit-deal-faces-first-crucial-hurdle-her-closest-allies-1542195881 U.K.’s May Gets Cabinet’s Go-Ahead on Brexit Deal]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
See also:
*Byas, Steve (November 14, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/30647-brexit-difficulty-best-course-is-not-to-get-into-globalist-deals-such-as-european-union Brexit Difficulty: Best Course Is Not to Get Into Globalist Deals Such as European Union]. ''The New American''. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
*Jasper, William F. (December 22, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/31000-theresa-may-s-brexit-betrayal-why-her-deal-has-britain-in-turmoil Theresa May’s Brexit Betrayal — Why Her “Deal” Has Britain In Turmoil]. ''The New American''. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
*Douglas, Jason (November 1, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/northern-irelands-stormy-past-haunts-u-k-efforts-to-leave-eu-1541064601 Northern Ireland’s Stormy Past Haunts U.K. Efforts to Leave EU]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
*Delingpole, James (January 11, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/01/11/theresa-mays-brexit-deal-is-a-trap/ Delingpole: Deep Throat Insider on Theresa May’s Brexit Deal – ‘It’s a Trap’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 11, 2019.</ref> The agreement was very poorly received by Brexit supporters.<ref>Multiple references:
*Lane, Oliver JJ (November 15, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2018/11/15/a-damning-verdict-theresa-mays-brexit-minister-dominic-raab-quits-over-her-brexit-deal/ A Damning Verdict: Ministers Quit Over Theresa May’s Brexit ‘Deal’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
*Cooper, Charlie (November 15, 2018). [https://www.politico.eu/article/10-things-you-need-to-know-about-the-theresa-may-eu-brexit-deal/ 10 things you need to know about the Brexit deal]. ''Politico''. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
*Piper, Elizabeth; MacLellan, Kylie; James, William (November 15, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu/british-pm-may-battles-to-save-brexit-deal-as-ministers-quit-idUSKCN1NK0QJ British PM May battles to save Brexit deal as ministers quit]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
*Colchester, Max; Douglas, Jason (November 15, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/european-officials-to-meet-to-approve-draft-brexit-deal-1542269504 U.K.’s Brexit Deal in Jeopardy as Senior Ministers Resign]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
*Anapol, Avery (November 15, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/416850-mays-brexit-ministers-quit-in-protest-of-draft-agreement May’s Brexit ministers quit in protest of draft agreement]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
*Montgomery, Jack (November 15, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2018/11/15/uk-remain-non-voting-eu-member-december-20xx/ Betrayal Agreement: Deal Text Says UK Could Remain Non-Voting EU Member Until ‘31 December 20XX’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
*Plackett, Benjamin (December 5, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/dec/5/theresa-may-brexit-plan-gets-little-popular-suppor/ Theresa May's last-ditch Brexit plan pitch meets cold reception]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved December 5, 2018.
See also:
*Kuenssberg, Laura (November 15, 2018). [https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-46221896 Raab resignation: A damning verdict on the PM's deal]. ''BBC News''. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
*Timothy, Nick (November 14, 2018). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2018/11/14/not-compromise-capitulation-prime-minister/ This is not a compromise - it's a capitulation by our Prime Minister]. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved November 15, 2018.</ref> Not only was May a weak negotiator, but she also advocated for a bad deal. For example, she requested that a "backstop" be added to the final Brexit deal that would keep the UK in the customs union with no exit.<ref>Deacon, Liam (November 19, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2018/11/19/revealed-may-requested-brexit-customs-union-backstop-with-no-exit/ Revealed: May Requested Brexit Customs Union ‘Backstop’ With No Exit, Not EU]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 19, 2018.</ref> Despite the major concessions to the EU, European countries were still not satisfied and wanted yet more concessions.<ref>Deacon, Liam (November 20, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2018/11/20/eu-wants-more-concessions-france-demands-fishing-rights-spain-gibraltar-veto/ EU Wants MORE Concessions: France Demands Fishing Rights and Spain Calls for Gibraltar Veto]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 20, 2018.</ref> While May claimed that her deal was the only possible one that the UK could achieve, pro-Brexit MPs [[Jacob Rees-Mogg]] and [[David Davis (British politician)|David Davis]] released their own Brexit plan that would respect British sovereignty.<ref>Lane, Oliver JJ (November 20, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2018/11/20/jacob-rees-mogg-brexit-group-publishes-full-brexit-antidote-theresa-may-betrayal-deal/ Jacob Rees-Mogg’s Brexit Group Publishes Full Brexit Antidote to Theresa May’s Betrayal Deal]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 20, 2018.</ref> In December 2018, the British government was forced to release legal advice it had received that stated the agreement would be worse for Britain than the government claimed.<ref>Lane, Oliver JJ (December 5, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2018/12/05/british-government-publishes-full-brexit-legal-advice/ Full Scale of Brexit Betrayal Revealed After British Government Forced to Publish Legal Advice]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 5, 2018.</ref> After the UK surrendered to additional Spanish demands regarding [[Gibraltar]],<ref>Multiple references:
*[https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2018/11/24/spanish-pm-brexit-impasse-on-gibraltar-cleared-after-uk-accepted-conditions-imposed-by-spain/ Spanish PM: Brexit Impasse on Gibraltar Cleared After UK ‘Accepted Conditions Imposed by Spain’]. ''Breitbart News'' (from the ''Associated Press''). November 24, 2018. Retrieved November 25, 2018.
*Montgomery, Jack (November 26, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2018/11/26/spain-wins-madrid-brags-mays-eu-deal-offers-chance-grab-gibraltar-sovereignty/ ‘Spain Wins’ – Madrid Brags May’s EU ‘Deal’ Offers Chance to Grab Gibraltar Sovereignty]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 26, 2018.</ref> the EU approved the agreement.<ref>Multiple references:
*Montgomery, Jack (November 25, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2018/11/25/mays-betrayal-agreement-signed-britain-on-the-road-to-brexit-in-name-only/ May’s Betrayal Agreement Signed: Britain on the Road to Brexit in Name Only]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 25, 2018.
*Cook, Lorne; Lawless, Jill (November 25, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/nov/25/eu-approves-brexit-deal-its-tragedy/ EU approves Brexit deal: 'It's a tragedy']. ''The Washington Times'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved November 25, 2018.
See also:
*Montgomery, Jack (November 25, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2018/11/25/theresa-may-writes-letter-to-the-nation-begging-support-for-worst-deal-in-history/ Theresa May Writes ‘Letter to the Nation’ Begging Support for ‘Worst Deal in History’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 25, 2018.
*Montgomery, Jack (November 25, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2018/11/25/fishermen-betrayed-macron-gloats-uk-will-be-forced-into-backstop-unless-british-waters-are-surrendered/ Fishermen Betrayed: Macron Gloats UK Will Be Forced Into ‘Backstop’ Unless British Waters are Surrendered]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 25, 2018.</ref>

On January 15, 2019, the UK Parliament rejected the deal by a vote of 202 for and 432 against, making it the largest government defeat since World War I.<ref>Multiple references:
*Montgomery, Jack (January 15, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/01/15/mays-day-parliament-holds-meaningful-vote-on-prime-ministers-brexit-deal/ CRUSHED: Theresa May’s Brexit Deal Defeated by Record-Breaking Margin in Parliament]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
*Murphy, James (January 15, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/31198-theresa-mays-brexit-plan-goes-down-in-flames-brexit-future-unclear Theresa May’s Brexit Plan Goes Down in Flames; Brexit Future Unclear]. ''The New American''. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
*Birnbaum, Emily (January 15, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/425463-uk-parliament-votes-against-mays-brexit-deal UK Parliament votes against May's Brexit deal]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
*Shaw, Adam (January 15, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/british-prime-minister-theresa-may-suffers-devastating-defeat-on-key-brexit-vote British Prime Minister Theresa May suffers devastating defeat on key Brexit vote]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
*Colchester, Max; Douglas, Jason (January 15, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-k-parliament-roundly-rejects-mays-brexit-plan-11547581277 U.K. Parliament Roundly Rejects May’s Brexit Plan]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
*Cooper, Charlie (January 15, 2019). [https://www.politico.eu/article/brexit-deal-rejected-by-432-votes-to-202-2/ Historic defeat for Theresa May on Brexit vote]. ''Politico''. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
See also:
*Friedman, Victoria (January 15, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/01/15/eu-sources-rule-out-reopening-deal-talks-brexiteers-reaction-may-defeat/ EU Sources Rule out Reopening Deal Talks, Brexiteers React to May Defeat]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
*Hilton, Steve (January 16, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/steve-hilton-original-intent-of-brexit-restoring-freedom-and-sovereignty-buried-by-inept-bureaucrats Steve Hilton: Original intent of Brexit - restoring freedom and sovereignty - buried by inept bureaucrats]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
*Murphy, James (January 16, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/31208-chance-of-new-brexit-referendum-increases-with-defeat-of-may-s-deal Chance of New Brexit Referendum Increases With Defeat of May’s Deal]. ''The New American''. Retrieved January 16, 2019.</ref> The British establishment, nonetheless, opposed any meaningful Brexit, if any at all.<ref>Davies, Andrew (March 8, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/op-eds/brexit-dreams-and-broken-promises Brexit dreams and broken promises]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved March 8, 2019.</ref> On March 12, 2019, Parliament again rejected May's Brexit deal.<ref>Multiple references:
*Colchester, Max; Douglas, Jason (March 12, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-k-parliament-votes-down-mays-brexit-deal-11552418563 U.K. Parliament Votes Down May’s Brexit Deal]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
*Shaw, Adam (March 13, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/british-pm-theresa-may-suffers-another-major-defeat-on-revised-brexit-deal-as-clock-ticks-down British PM Theresa May suffers another major defeat on revised Brexit deal, as clock ticks down]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
*Lane, Oliver JJ (March 12, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/03/12/uk-parliament-votes-on-theresa-mays-brexit-deal-for-second-and-probably-final-time/ UK Parliament Votes on Theresa May’s Brexit Deal For Second and Probably Final Time]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
See also:
*Delingpole, James (March 12, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/03/12/mps-reject-mays-latest-meaningful-vote-good/ Delingpole: Good Riddance to May’s Withdrawal Agreement – a Turd Rolled in Glitter]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
*Montgomery, Jack (March 13, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/03/13/brexiteers-glad-mays-deal-defeated-fear-remainers-vote-down-no-deal/ Brexiteers Glad to See May’s Deal Fall, But Fear Her Move to Let Remainers Vote Down No Deal]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 13, 2019.</ref> May tried to bully pro-Brexit MPs to vote for her bad deal by claiming that Brexit would not happen if they did not vote her way,<ref>Multiple references:
*[https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/03/08/may-warns-if-parliament-rejects-her-brexit-betrayal-deal-uk-may-never-leave-eu/ May Warns if Parliament Rejects Her Brexit Betrayal Deal, UK May Never Leave EU]. ''Breitbart News'' (from the ''Associated Press''). March 8, 2019. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
*Murphy, James (February 26, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/31577-theresa-may-floats-the-idea-of-a-brexit-delay-to-parliament Theresa May Floats the Idea of a Brexit Delay to Parliament]. ''The New American''. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
*Delingpole, James (March 6, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/03/06/claim-mays-secret-brexit-betrayal-pact-with-merkel/ Delingpole: Bombshell Claim — May’s Secret Brexit Betrayal Pact with Merkel]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
*Montgomery, Jack (March 17, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/03/17/may-back-my-deal-we-will-not-leave-eu-for-many-months-if-ever/ May: Back My Deal or ‘We Will Not Leave the EU for Many Months, if Ever’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</ref> and she later announced she would vote against a no-deal Brexit despite originally claiming to prefer no-deal over a bad deal.<ref name="RuleOut">Schaart, Eline (March 13, 2019). [https://www.politico.eu/article/theresa-may-confirms-she-will-vote-to-rule-out-a-no-deal-brexit/ Theresa May confirms she will vote to rule out a no-deal Brexit]. ''Politico''. Retrieved March 13, 2019.</ref> The following day, Parliament – along with May<ref name="RuleOut"/> – voted against a no-deal Brexit.<ref>Multiple references:
*Shaw, Adam (March 13, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/british-lawmakers-reject-no-deal-brexit-take-step-closer-to-delaying-departure UK lawmakers reject 'no deal' Brexit, take step closer to delaying departure]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
*Friedman, Victoria (March 13, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/03/13/parliament-no-longer-represents-people-may-loses-control-own-motion/ ‘Parliament No Longer Represents the People’: May Loses Control of OWN MOTION Hijacked by Hardline Remainers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
*Fidler, Stephen; Douglas, Jason (March 13, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-k-lawmakers-rule-out-any-no-deal-brexit-11552504751 U.K. Lawmakers Vote Against Leaving EU Without a Deal]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
See also:
*Jasper, William F. (March 14, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/31750-brexit-chaos-as-war-of-the-elites-against-brit-independence-intensifies Brexit Chaos as War of the Elites Against Brit Independence Intensifies]. ''The New American''. Retrieved March 15, 2019.
*Jasper, William F. (March 14, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/31742-nigel-farage-slams-theresa-may-eu-and-tories-over-brexit-betrayal-urges-eu-to-veto-brexit-extension Nigel Farage Slams Theresa May, EU, and Tories Over Brexit Betrayal, Urges EU to Veto Brexit Extension]. ''The New American''. Retrieved March 14, 2019.</ref> The day after that, Parliament voted to delay Brexit,<ref>Multiple references:
*Shaw, Adam (March 14, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/british-parliament-votes-in-favor-of-brexit-delay-unclear-if-eu-leaders-will-accept British Parliament votes in favor of Brexit delay, unclear if EU leaders will accept]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved March 14, 2019.
*Lane, Oliver JJ (March 14, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/03/14/uk-parliament-votes-on-cancelling-march-29th-brexit-day/ UK Parliament Votes on Cancelling March 29th Brexit Day]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 14, 2019.
*Fidler, Stephen; Norman, Laurence (March 14, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-k-lawmakers-set-to-delay-brexit-as-political-turmoil-drags-on-11552571318 U.K. Parliament Votes to Delay Brexit as Turmoil Drags On]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved March 14, 2019.</ref> even though May had repeatedly promised that such a delay would not happen.<ref>Montgomery, Jack (March 14, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/03/14/as-pm-may-moves-to-delay-brexit-heres-all-times-she-promised-march-29th/ As PM May Moves to Delay Brexit, Here’s All the Times She Promised it On Time]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 14, 2019.</ref><ref>Lane, Oliver JJ (March 20, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/03/20/after-promising-brexit-on-march-29th-108-times-may-now-requests-delay-to-june/ After Promising Brexit on March 29th 108 Times, May Now Requests Delay to June]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 20, 2019.</ref> Not content with all this, May chose to have Parliament vote once again on her Brexit deal,<ref>Lane, Oliver JJ (March 15, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/03/15/parliament-to-vote-third-time-on-brexit-deal/ Wrong Answer, Try Again: Parliament to Vote on May’s Brexit Deal For Third Time]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 15, 2019.</ref> and the third vote on March 29, 2019, also failed.<ref>Multiple references:
*Lane, Oliver JJ (March 29, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/03/29/brexit-betrayal-day-parliament-votes-on-theresa-mays-last-ditch-fight-for-eu-approved-deal/ Brexit Betrayal Day: Parliament Rejects Theresa May’s Last Ditch Fight For EU-Approved ‘Deal’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 29, 2019.
*Colchester, Max; Douglas, Jason (March 29, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/mays-brexit-deal-is-rejected-for-a-third-time-by-lawmakers-11553870628 May’s Brexit Deal Is Rejected for a Third Time by Lawmakers]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved March 29, 2019.
*Frazin, Rachel (March 29, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/europe/436457-may-brexit-deal-suffers-third-defeat Theresa May's Brexit deal suffers third defeat in Parliament]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved March 29, 2019.
*Murphy, James (March 29, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/31881-brexit-bedlam-may-s-deal-defeated-a-third-time-future-is-unclear Brexit Bedlam: May’s Deal Defeated a Third Time; Future is Unclear]. ''The New American''. Retrieved March 29, 2019.</ref> Not content, May wanted parliament to vote on her deal a fourth time.<ref>Multiple references:
*Montgomery, Jack (March 30, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/03/30/night-living-deal-may-wants-fourth-vote-brexit-agreement/ Night of the Living Deal: May Wants Fourth Vote on Rejected Brexit Agreement]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
*Murphy, James (April 1, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/31898-may-ponders-fourth-vote-on-her-brexit-deal May Ponders Fourth Vote on Her Brexit Deal]. ''The New American''. Retrieved April 1, 2019.</ref>

May then began negotiations with the far-left [[Jeremy Corbyn]] on a Brexit agreement.<ref>Carbone, Christopher (April 7, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/may-defends-approaching-labour-on-brexit-deal-as-clock-ticks-down May makes last-ditch Brexit effort with Labour as clock ticks down]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved April 7, 2019.</ref> Her government also announced the UK would participate in the [[European Parliament]] elections,<ref>Lane, Oliver JJ (April 5, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/04/05/theresa-may-confirms-brits-will-vote-in-eu-elections-despite-having-voted-to-leave-bloc-three-years-earlier/ Theresa May Confirms Brits Will Vote in EU Elections, Despite Having Voted to Leave Bloc Three Years Earlier]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 5, 2019.</ref><ref>Lane, Oliver JJ (April 8, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/04/08/despite-brexit-referendum-and-endless-promises-uk-govt-lays-legal-groundwork-to-host-eu-elections/ Despite Brexit Referendum And Endless Promises, UK Govt Lays Legal Groundwork to Host EU Elections]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 8, 2019.</ref> something anti-Brexit [[deep state]] officials set aside money for in 2018.<ref>Montgomery, Jack (April 5, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/04/05/flashback-uk-deep-set-aside-cash-eu-elections-may-2018/ FLASHBACK: UK Deep State Set Aside Cash for EU Elections in May 2018]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 5, 2019.</ref> May even threatened to keep the UK in the EU.<ref>Hervey, Ginger (April 7, 2019). [https://www.politico.eu/article/theresa-may-warns-of-stark-choice-between-a-deal-and-no-brexit/ Theresa May warns of ‘stark choice’ between a deal and no Brexit]. ''Politico''. Retrieved April 7, 2019.</ref> This came even though her own government had prepared extensively for a "no deal."<ref>Montgomery, Jack (April 6, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/04/06/britain-officially-ready-no-deal-reveals-govt-minister-responsible-plans/ Britain ‘Officially Ready’ for No Deal Brexit, Reveals Govt Minister Responsible for Plans]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 6, 2019.</ref> In April 2019, the EU and May government agreed to further extend Brexit to October 31 of that year.<ref>Multiple references:
*Lane, Oliver JJ (April 11, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/04/11/halloween-brexit-departure-delayed-until-october-31st2/ Zombie May’s Halloween Brexit: Establishment Stitch-up Delays Departure Until October 31st]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 11, 2019.
*Chamberlain, Samuel (April 10, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/britain-eu-agree-to-delay-brexit-deadline-until-oct-31 Britain, EU agree to delay Brexit deadline until Oct. 31]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved April 11, 2019.
*Gray, Jane (April 11, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/eu-sets-halloween-deadline-for-mays-brexit-plan-warns-dont-wast-time-this-time_2875919.html EU Sets Halloween Deadline for May’s Brexit Plan, Warns UK to ‘Not Waste This Time’]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved April 11, 2019.</ref> Anti-Brexit members of May's government then stated that parliament would consider a second referendum,<ref>Milliken, David (April 12, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-hammond/uk-parliament-very-likely-to-consider-new-brexit-referendum-hammond-idUSKCN1RO1EF UK parliament very likely to consider new Brexit referendum: Hammond]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved April 13, 2019.</ref> and her government even ended its Brexit "no deal" planning.<ref>Montgomery, Jack (April 13, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/04/13/ex-cabinet-minister-says-end-no-deal-prep-proves-brexit-process-stitch-up/ Ex-Cabinet Minister Says End of ‘No Deal’ Prep Proves Brexit Process a Stitch-up]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 13, 2019.</ref> Despite claiming to oppose a second referendum, May announced on May 21, 2019, that she would offer such a referendum as a condition of approving her exit plan.<ref>Multiple references:
*Lane, Oliver JJ (May 21, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/05/21/brexit-betrayal-may-opens-door-to-second-referendum/ Democratic Disconnect: While British Voters Flock to ‘No Deal’ Brexit Party, PM May Offers Second Referendum]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
*Lawless, Jill (May 21, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/182c02c75bcb4c128e8326864874f049 Seeking Brexit support, May offers vote on new referendum]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
See also:
*Friedman, Victoria (May 22, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/05/22/betrayal-people-may-deal-demand-ousting/ ‘Betrayal of 17.4m People’: Brexiteer MPs Pan Deal, Demand May’s Ousting]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 22, 2019.</ref>

Despite voting to leave the EU, the UK's payments to the globalist organization increased by 20% by 2019.<ref>Montgomery, Jack (July 22, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/07/22/eu-extracts-eye-popping-20-per-cent-rise-budget-payments-uk/ EU Extracts Billions More from UK with ‘Eye-popping’ 20 Per Cent Increase to Budget Contribution]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 22, 2019.</ref>

Some Tory MPs opposed achieving Brexit so much that they even supported far-left socialist [[Jeremy Corbyn]] becoming prime minister in place of [[Boris Johnson]].<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-labour-reaction/some-conservative-lawmakers-open-to-corbyn-brexit-talks-sky-idUSKCN1V50TL Some Conservative lawmakers open to Corbyn Brexit talks: Sky]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 15, 2019.</ref> Those Tories voted with Labour in early September 2019 to block a "no-deal" Brexit.<ref>Murphy, James (September 5, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/33342-as-the-uk-turns-more-brexit-drama-delay-and-dithering-in-british-parliament As the U.K. Turns: More Brexit Drama, Delay, and Dithering in British Parliament]. ''The New American''. Retrieved September 5, 2019.</ref> The EU worried that Brexit would mean closer relations between the UK and U.S.<ref>Friedman, Victoria (September 9, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/09/eurocrat-fears-closer-relationship-between-uk-us-brexit/ Eurocrat Fears Closer Relationship Between UK and U.S. After Brexit]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 9, 2019.</ref>

While the EU attempted to scare the UK about the risks of a "no deal" Brexit and pretend that it would allow it to happen, the European Parliament simultaneously voted to grant the UK yet another extension if thought necessary.<ref>Friedman, Victoria (September 19, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/19/submit-new-plan-eu-talks-tough-open-another-extension/ Submit New Plan or ‘It’s Over’: EU Talks Tough But Still Open to ANOTHER Extension]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 19, 2019.</ref> The EU and its member-nations worried that the UK would be a competitor to the organization.<ref>Friedman, Victoria (October 15, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/10/15/merkel-post-brexit-britain-potential-competitor-eu/ Merkel: Post-Brexit Britain ‘Potential Competitor’ to EU]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 15, 2019.</ref>

Johnson suspended parliament in early September 2019, but the UK Supreme Court ruled against this action on September 24.<ref>Multiple references:
*Lane, Oliver JJ (September 24, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/24/boris-johnson-suspended-parliament-unlawfully-uk-supreme-court-finds/ Boris Johnson Suspended Parliament Unlawfully, UK Supreme Court Finds]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
*Wallace, Danielle (September 24, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/boris-johnsons-suspension-of-parliament-ruled-unlawful-by-uk-supreme-court Boris Johnson's suspension of Parliament ruled unlawful by UK Supreme Court]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
*Douglas, Jason; Fidler, Stephen (September 24, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-k-court-rules-against-johnsons-freeze-on-parliament-11569318257 Boris Johnson Acted Illegally in Suspending Parliament, U.K.’s Highest Court Rules]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
See also:
*Friedman, Victoria (September 24, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/24/farage-prorogation-worst-political-decision-ever-reactions-supreme-court-ruling/ Farage Calls Prorogation ‘Worst Political Decision Ever’: Reactions to Supreme Court Ruling]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
*Delingpole, James (September 24, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/24/supreme-court-enemies-of-the-people-sabotage-brexit/ Delingpole: Judicial Enemies of the People Sabotage Brexit Again]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
*Delingpole, James (September 24, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/24/a-sinister-shadow-government-is-killing-brexit/ Delingpole: A Sinister, Nebulous Shadow Government Is Holding Brexit Hostage]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
*Hannan, Dan (September 26, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/boris-brexit-and-the-politicization-of-britains-judiciary Boris, Brexit and the politicization of Britain's judiciary]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved September 27, 2019.
Johnson's response after Parliament reconvened:
*Lane, Oliver JJ (September 25, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/25/bojo-throws-down-gauntlet-fight-election-or-ill-deliver-brexit/ PM Bojo Throws Down the Gauntlet to Remainers: Challenge me in an Election or I’ll Deliver Brexit]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
*Colchester, Max (September 25, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/british-leader-goads-rivals-to-end-his-rule-call-new-vote-11569443576 British Leader Goads Rivals to End His Rule, Call New Vote]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 25, 2019.</ref>

=== Article 50 ===

The Article 50 document was signed by the Prime Minister of the UK, Theresa May, on the 29th March 2017. It was delivered to Donald Tusk (President of The European Council) who commented there was "no reason to pretend this was a happy day" especially as the UK had been integral to the European Union for 44 years.

Following the acceptance of article 50 there will be two years of intense negotiation to finalise agreements over:

* current UK and EU nationals living in each other's territories
* financial liabilities and responsibilities to each other
* trade and legal agreements

If this is not completed within two years then it is likely that [[World Trade Organization]] rules would apply to any future trade unless all EU member nations agree to extend the negotiating period by up to one year.

In December 2018, the European Court of Justice, which always rules in favor of the EU's preferred position, stated that a country could unilaterally reverse Article 50.<ref>Multiple references:
*Lane, Oliver JJ (December 4, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2018/12/04/remainers-mobilise-after-european-court-opens-door-to-cancelling-brexit-altogether/ Remainers Mobilise After European Court Opens Door to Cancelling Brexit Altogether]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 4, 2018.
*Lane, Oliver JJ (December 10, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2018/12/10/eu-court-confirms-britain-has-sovereign-right-to-stay-in-the-eu/ EU Court Confirms Britain Has Sovereign Right… to Stay in the EU]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
*Sinner, Michele; Macdonald, Alastair (December 10, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-court/eu-court-cites-union-goal-to-let-uk-stop-brexit-idUSKBN1O90QH EU court cites union goal to let UK stop Brexit]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 10, 2018.</ref>

===Negotiations===
The main concern of the British government is to ensure access to the single market for its banking and manufacturing sectors - both major income streams for the UK. Along with this the UK business sector are very concerned about the potential loss of EU (especially Eastern European) labour for many agricultural and low paid roles. Negotiations are proceeding very slowly because of the obstructive tactics of the EU negotiators. They are insisting that Britain must agree to an "exit fee" of over £50 billion before they will start trade talks.<ref>https://www.express.co.uk/news/politics/797852/Brexit-news-EU-expand-Britain-exit-fee-bill-budget-black-hole</ref> They also wanted to discuss the "rights" of EU citizens before such talks.

====Under Theresa May====
In July 2018, [[Theresa May]] and her cabinet agreed to a very weak negotiating position that would leave the country under the European Court of Justice, effectively in the single market, and under the jurisdiction of many of the EU's regulations.<ref>Montgomery, Jack (July 6, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/07/06/total-capitulation-theresa-may-proposes-sub-norway-brexit-deal/ TOTAL CAPITULATION: May Proposes Sub-Norway Brexit Deal – Concedes on Goods, Rules, EU Court, and More]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 7, 2018.</ref> Anti-Brexit [[Europhile]]s applauded the negotiating position.<ref>Friedman, Victoria (July 9, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/07/09/remainers-congratulate-may-brexit-betrayal/ Remainers Congratulate May’s Brexit Betrayal]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 9, 2018.</ref> In opposition to such a weak agreement, several of her pro-[[sovereignty]] ministers resigned,<ref>Piper, Elizabeth; James, William; MacAskill, Andrew (July 8, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-davis/uk-brexit-secretary-david-davis-has-resigned-source-close-to-davis-idUSKBN1JY10K British eurosceptic ministers quit in blow to May's Brexit plan]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 9, 2018.</ref><ref>Murphy, James (July 10, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/29501-uk-government-reels-in-the-wake-of-brexit-related-resignations U.K. Government Reels in the Wake of Brexit-related Resignations]. ''The New American''. Retrieved July 10, 2018.</ref> including Brexit Minister David Davis<ref>Multiple references:
*Montgomery, Jack (July 8, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/07/08/rebellion-brexit-secretary-david-davis-resigns-over-mays-turd-deal-couldnt-sell-out-his-own-country/ REBELLION: Brexit Secretary David Davis Resigns Over May’s ‘Turd’ Deal, ‘Couldn’t Sell Out His Own Country’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
*[https://www.foxnews.com/world/2018/07/08/top-uk-official-in-charge-brexit-quits-in-fresh-blow-to-may.html Top UK official in charge of Brexit quits in fresh blow to May]. ''Associated Press''. July 8, 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
See also:
*Montgomery, Jack (July 10, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/07/10/ex-brexit-minister-slams-may-establishment-dont-want-to-leave-eu-exit-plan-led-by-fear-and-supplication/ Ex-Brexit Minister Slams May: Establishment ‘Don’t Want to Leave EU’, Exit Plan Led by ‘Fear and Supplication’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
*Lane, Oliver JJ (July 9, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/07/09/brexit-supporting-dominic-raab-chosen-as-new-brexit-secretary-after-david-davis-resignation/ Brexit-Supporting Dominic Raab Chosen as New Brexit Secretary After David Davis Resignation]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 9, 2018.</ref> and Foreign Minister [[Boris Johnson]].<ref>Lane, Oliver JJ (July 9, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/07/09/british-foreign-secretary-boris-johnson-resigns-government-amid-brexit-rebellion/ British Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson Resigns Government Amid Brexit Rebellion]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 9, 2018. See also:
*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-johnson-resignation/former-foreign-minister-johnson-warns-britain-will-end-up-like-colony-to-the-eu-after-brexit-idUSKBN1JZ2AH Former foreign minister Johnson warns Britain will end up like colony to the EU after Brexit]. ''Reuters''. July 9, 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
*Montgomery, Jack (July 9, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/07/09/boris-speaks-brexit-is-dying-white-flags-are-fluttering-may-deal-will-make-britain-an-eu-colony/ BORIS SPEAKS: ‘Brexit is Dying, White Flags Are Fluttering, May Deal Will Make Britain an EU Colony’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 9, 2018.</ref> Several other officials also resigned.<ref>Multiple references:
*Friedman, Victoria (July 16, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/07/16/theresa-may-government-implodes-9th-mp-resigns-soft-brexit-plan/ Theresa May’s Government Implodes as 9th MP Resigns over Soft Brexit Plan]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 16, 2018.
*Sang, Lucia I. Suarez (July 16, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/2018/07/16/theresa-may-dismisses-calls-for-2nd-brexit-vote-as-ninth-parliament-member-resigns.html Theresa May dismisses calls for 2nd Brexit vote as ninth parliament member resigns]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved July 16, 2018.
*Mikhailova, Anna (July 15, 2018). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2018/07/15/theresa-may-faces-eighth-resignation-brexit-plans-nine-days/ Theresa May hit by her eighth resignation over Brexit plans in nine days, as ministerial aide quits]. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved July 16, 2018.</ref> Pro-"Remain" officials in May's government consolidated their influence over the exit negotiations.<ref>Deacon, Liam (July 17, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/07/17/power-grab-may-brexit-bureaucrat-purges-50-brexit-department-staff/ Power Grab: May’s Brexit Bureaucrat Purges 50 Brexit Department Staff]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 17, 2018.</ref><ref>Deacon, Liam (July 24, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/07/24/pms-bureaucrats-officially-take-charge-brexit-talks-brexit-department-snubbed/ PM’s Bureaucrats Officially Take Charge of Brexit Talks, Brexit Department Snubbed]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 24, 2018.</ref> The UK government also gave the [[Europhile]] European Court of Justice the final say over any Brexit issue in the negotiations.<ref>Deacon, Liam (July 30, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/07/30/eu-courts-have-final-say-brexit-divorce-bill-millions-migrants/ EU Courts to Have Final Say on Brexit ‘Divorce Bill’ and Millions of Migrants]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 30, 2018.</ref>

The House of Commons approved May's negotiating position as official UK policy on July 16, 2018, though it also added four amendments to the bill created by pro-Brexit MPs.<ref>Multiple references:
*[https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-44854597 Brexit: Government scrapes through Customs Bill votes]. ''BBC News''. Retrieved July 16, 2018.
*Piper, Elizabeth; James, William; MacAskill, Andrew (July 15, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu/parliament-vote-to-reveal-extent-of-anger-over-mays-brexit-plan-idUSKBN1K514U May wins parliament vote after bowing to Brexit pressure]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 16, 2018.
*McTague, Tom; Dickson, Annabelle (July 16, 2018). [https://www.politico.eu/article/theresa-may-caves-in-on-brexiteer-amendments-to-head-off-rebellion/ Theresa May narrowly avoids House of Commons defeat as Tory split worsens]. ''Politico''. Retrieved July 17, 2018.</ref> The following day, it approved a trade bill while rejecting an anti-Brexit amendment to the bill that would have required the government to enter a customs agreement with the EU if free trade negotiations failed, though parliament also voted to require the government to remain under the EU's medicine regulations.<ref>Multiple references:
*Cooper, Charlie (July 17, 2018). [https://www.politico.eu/article/uk-government-wins-vote-on-customs-union-amendment/ UK government wins vote on customs union amendment]. ''Politico''. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
*[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-44864496 Brexit vote: Government defeats EU customs union bid]. ''BBC News''. July 17, 2018. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
*Sparrow, Andrew; Rawlinson, Kevin (July 17, 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/politics/blog/live/2018/jul/17/brexit-trade-bill-vote-referendum-result-branded-dodgier-than-ever-after-vote-leave-found-to-have-broken-election-spending-law-politics-live May wins key customs union vote by six after surprise Brexit loss on medicines agency – as it happened]. ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
*James, William; MacAskill, Andrew; Piper, Elizabeth (July 17, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu/may-narrowly-avoids-defeat-in-parliament-on-trade-laws-idUSKBN1K72CT May narrowly avoids defeat in parliament on EU trade laws]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
*Douglas, Jason; Horner, Will (July 17, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/lawmakers-efforts-to-rewrite-government-plan-imperil-mays-brexit-strategy-1531844466 May’s Brexit Plan Narrowly Survives in Parliament]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 17, 2018.</ref>

According to a study published in the Journal of European Public Policy, disagreements among the Tories helped the EU gain the upper hand in the negotiations.<ref>Gallardo, Cristina (November 1, 2019). [https://www.politico.eu/article/tory-divisions-gave-brussels-the-edge-in-brexit-talks-researchers-say/ Tory divisions gave Brussels the edge in Brexit talks, researchers say]. ''Politico''. Retrieved November 1, 2019.</ref>

====Under Boris Johnson====
Immediately upon becoming Prime Minister, [[Boris Johnson]] took a tough stance on Brexit, promising to fulfill the 2016 referendum result.<ref>Multiple references:
*Faulconbridge, Guy; Piper, Elizabeth (July 23, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-leader/britains-new-leader-johnson-we-are-going-to-get-brexit-done-idUSKCN1UH2JQ Britain's new leader Johnson: 'We are going to get Brexit done']. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 23, 2019.
*Colchester, Max; Douglas, Jason (July 25, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/boris-johnson-talks-tough-on-brexit-in-combative-first-speech-11564061650 Boris Johnson Talks Tough on Brexit in Combative First Speech]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
*Faulconbridge, Guy; MacLellan, Kylie (July 25, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu/ill-make-britain-great-again-pm-johnson-echoes-trump-over-brexit-idUSKCN1UK0OI I'll make Britain great again, PM Johnson echoes Trump over Brexit]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
*Lawless, Jill; Kirka, Danica (July 25, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/a6eb435cefad4679b995e78470c5a550 Showdown looms as new British PM wants to redo Brexit deal]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved July 25, 2019.</ref> His government stated it would not pay any "divorce bill" to the EU in the case of a "no-deal" Brexit,<ref>Friedman, Victoria (July 25, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/07/25/new-boris-govt-confirms-uk-wont-pay-39bn-brussels-no-deal-brexit/ New Boris Govt Confirms UK Won’t Pay £39bn to Brussels in No-Deal Brexit]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 25, 2019.</ref> and Johnson stated he would push to adopt an independent trade policy and not nominate an EU commissioner.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-leader-commission/british-pm-johnson-unveils-new-approach-no-uk-commissioner-to-eu-idUSKCN1UK1GC British PM Johnson unveils 'new approach', no UK commissioner to EU]. ''Reuters''. July 25, 2019. Retrieved July 25, 2019.</ref>

Johnson immediately put his cabinet to work preparing for a "no-deal" Brexit,<ref>Multiple references:
*Friedman, Victoria (July 29, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/07/29/johnson-sets-up-brexit-war-cabinet-no-deal-preparation-number-one-priority/ Johnson Sets up Brexit ‘War Cabinet’, No Deal Preparation ‘Number One Priority’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 29, 2019.
*Shipman, Tim (July 28, 2019). [https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/news/boris-johnson-vows-no-deal-brexit-by-any-means-necessary-55tjljkfw Boris Johnson vows no‑deal Brexit ‘by any means necessary’]. ''The Times''. Retrieved July 28, 2019.
*Falconer, Rebecca (July 28, 2019). [https://www.axios.com/boris-johnson-brexit-no-deal-war-cabinet-1bf3d0b3-18e3-427e-b4c5-c506b31fad12.html Boris Johnson forms "war cabinet" to prepare for no-deal Brexit]. ''Axios''. Retrieved July 28, 2019.
*MacLennan, Kylie (July 28, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu/assuming-eu-will-not-budge-britain-ramps-up-preparations-for-no-deal-brexit-idUSKCN1UN08Q Assuming EU will not budge, Britain ramps up preparations for no-deal Brexit]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 28, 2019.
See also:
*Montgomery, Jack (July 28, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/07/28/chancellor-javid-treasury-turbocharging-preparations-no-deal-brexit/ Chancellor Javid: Treasury ‘Turbocharging Preparations’ for No Deal Brexit]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 28, 2019.
*Malnick, Edward (July 27, 2019). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2019/07/27/sajid-javids-brexit-blitz-prepare-no-deal/ Sajid Javid to announce Brexit spending blitz to prepare for no deal]. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved July 28, 2019.
* https://www.ft.com/content/5c65e0e4-b118-11e9-bec9-fdcab53d6959
*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-javid/uks-javid-to-ramp-up-funding-for-no-deal-brexit-preparations-paper-idUSKCN1UM0O9 UK's Javid to ramp up funding for no-deal Brexit preparations: paper]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 28, 2019.
*James, William (August 9, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu-johnson/no-deal-brexit-preparation-is-top-priority-johnson-tells-officials-idUSKCN1UZ1I3 No-deal Brexit preparation is top priority, Johnson tells officials]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 9, 2019.
*Friedman, Victoria (August 10, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/08/10/johnson-tells-civil-servants-preparing-no-deal-brexit-top-priority/ Johnson Tells Civil Servants to Make Preparing for No-Deal Brexit ‘Top Priority’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
*Friedman, Victoria (September 2, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/02/govt-prepares-no-deal-brexit-get-ready-campaign/ Johnson Govt Prepares for No Deal Brexit with ‘Get Ready’ Campaign]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 2, 2019.</ref> and he stated he would refuse to negotiate with the EU unless it dropped its Irish backstop demand.<ref>Friedman, Victoria (July 29, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/07/29/johnson-plays-hardball-wont-meet-with-eu-until-they-remove-backstop/ Johnson Plays Hardball, Won’t Meet with EU Until They Remove Backstop]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 29, 2019. See also:
*Friedman, Victoria (August 15, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/08/15/johnson-accuses-remainer-mps-collaborating-eu-stop-brexit/ Boris Accuses Remainer MPs of ‘Collaborating’ with EU to Stop Brexit]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 15, 2019.</ref> Very early in Johnson's tenure, his government doubled the amount of money devoted to preparing for a "no-deal" Brexit,<ref>Multiple references:
*[https://www.bbc.com/news/business-49183324 No-deal Brexit plans to get £2.1bn boost]. ''BBC News''. July 31, 2019. Retrieved July 31, 2019.
*MacAskill, Andrew (July 31, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu-javid/britain-to-spend-an-extra-2-1-billion-on-no-deal-brexit-planning-idUSKCN1UQ2RR Britain to spend an extra £2.1 billion on no-deal Brexit planning]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
See also:
*Piper, Elizabeth (August 4, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu/after-brexit-pledges-british-pm-johnson-announces-cash-injection-for-health-idUSKCN1UU0OF After Brexit pledges, British PM Johnson announces cash injection for health]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 4, 2019.</ref> and his treasury minister announced a one-year spending review to help the government prepare for a "no-deal" Brexit.<ref>Markham, Joe (August 9, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/08/09/chancellor-announces-special-spending-review-to-prepare-for-brexit/ Chancellor Announces Special Spending Review to Prepare for Brexit]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 9, 2019.</ref> The government announced that in the event of a "no-deal" Brexit, it would end its adherence to the EU's "freedom of movement" rules.<ref>Multiple references:
*Markham, Joe (August 19, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/08/19/home-secretary-to-end-free-movement-on-october-31st/ Patel: UK Government to End Free Migration Regime on Brexit Day]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
*MacLellan, Kylie (August 19, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu-immigration/uk-plans-to-end-eu-freedom-of-movement-immediately-in-no-deal-brexit-idUSKCN1V91IN UK plans to end EU freedom of movement immediately in no-deal Brexit]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 19, 2019.</ref> Johnson voiced confidence and patriotism in his country.<ref>Friedman, Victoria (August 26, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/08/26/johnson-uk-great-country-can-easily-cope-no-deal-brexit/ Johnson: UK Is a ‘Great Country’ and Can ‘Easily Cope’ with No Deal Brexit]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 26, 2019.</ref> However, regarding the Brexit agreement with the EU, Johnson only called for the EU to remove the Northern Ireland backstop in order for him to accept it, angering Brexit supporters.<ref>Friedman, Victoria (August 28, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/08/28/johnson-faces-brexiteer-backlash-only-seeking-changes-backstop/ Johnson Faces Brexiteer Backlash over Only Seeking Changes to the Backstop]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 28, 2019.</ref> In August 2019, the EU appeared to take a softer stance on renegotiating the Brexit agreement, but this public stance was actually a way to deflect blame in the event of a no-deal Brexit.<ref>Baczynska, Gabriela (August 28, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu-diplomacy-analysis/eus-softer-tone-a-ploy-to-sidestep-blame-in-case-of-a-no-deal-brexit-idUSKCN1VI1ZP EU's softer tone a ploy to sidestep blame in case of a no-deal Brexit]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 28, 2019.</ref>

In August 2019, Johnson's government announced it would stop sending its officials to most EU meetings.<ref>Multiple references:
*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-meetings/britain-to-unshackle-officials-from-most-eu-meetings-ahead-of-brexit-idUSKCN1VA1GH Britain to 'unshackle' officials from most EU meetings ahead of Brexit]. ''Reuters''. August 20, 2019. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
*Dickson, Annabelle (August 20, 2019). [https://www.politico.eu/article/uk-officials-to-withdraw-from-eu-meetings-from-september-1/ UK officials to withdraw from EU meetings from September 1]. ''Politico''. Retrieved August 20, 2019.</ref>

On August 28, 2019, Johnson announced he would ask the queen to suspend parliament as Brexit Day approached.<ref>Multiple references:
*Lane, Oliver JJ (August 28, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/08/28/british-government-to-suspend-parliament-for-five-weeks-outraging-anti-brexit-rebels/ British Government to Suspend Parliament For Five Weeks, Outraging Anti-Brexit Rebels]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
*Colchester, Max (August 28, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-k-s-johnson-to-ask-queen-to-suspend-parliament-making-no-deal-brexit-more-likely-11566985097 Boris Johnson Moves to Suspend Parliament, Making No-Deal Brexit More Likely]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
*Darrah, Nicole (August 28, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/boris-johnson-queen-suspend-parliament-brexit Boris Johnson asks queen to suspend Parliament to push through no-deal Brexit]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
*Rodrigo, Chris Mills (August 28, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/459076-johnson-asking-for-suspension-of-uk-parliament-to-push-through-brexit Johnson asks Queen to suspend UK Parliament ahead of Brexit deadline]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
*Murphy, James (August 28, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/33261-boris-johnson-plays-queen-card-monarch-agrees-to-shut-down-parliament-ahead-of-brexit Boris Johnson Plays Queen Card: Monarch Agrees to Shut Down Parliament Ahead of Brexit]. ''The New American''. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
See also:
*Friedman, Victoria (August 28, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/08/28/tin-pot-dictator-remainers-melt-down-over-bojo-suspending-parliament/ ‘Tin Pot Dictator’: Remainers Melt down over BoJo Suspending Parliament]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
*Axelrod, Tal (August 28, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/europe/459108-queen-agrees-to-suspend-parliament-as-johnson-seeks-to-deter-no Queen agrees to suspend UK Parliament as Johnson seeks to deter no-deal Brexit showdown]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
*Lane, Oliver JJ (August 28, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/08/28/its-official-suspension-of-uk-parliament-approved-by-queen-elizabeth-ii/ It’s Official: Suspension of UK Parliament Approved by Queen Elizabeth II]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
*Campisi, Jessica (September 10, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/europe/460642-johnson-suspends-uk-parliament-in-brexit-push Johnson suspends UK Parliament in Brexit push]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
*Lawless, Jill (September 10, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/1673b60fcc264a4ebaea2d08bb0bb05f Johnson suspends UK Parliament after latest Brexit defeat]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved September 10, 2019.</ref> He threatened to expel any Tory MP who voted to delay or block Brexit.<ref>Multiple references:
*Murphy, James (September 2, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/33296-boris-johnson-threatens-to-purge-tory-rebels-unless-they-get-on-board-his-brexit-train Boris Johnson Threatens to Purge Tory Rebels Unless They get on Board his Brexit Train]. ''The New American''. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
*Montgomery, Jack (September 2, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/02/ultimatum-tory-remain-mps-be-kicked-out-party-back-brexit-delay/ Ultimatum: Tory Remain MPs to Be Kicked Out of Party If They Back Brexit Delay]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
*Colchester, Max; Douglas, Jason (September 2, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/brexit-battle-lines-harden-as-lawmakers-prepare-for-parliamentary-showdown-11567432609 U.K.’s Johnson Brandishes Election in Bid to Stop Parliament From Foiling Brexit]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 2, 2019.</ref> Parliament voted to block a no-deal Brexit and Johnson followed through on his threat.<ref>Multiple references:
*Lane, Oliver JJ (September 4, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/04/bojo-purges-party-of-anti-brexit-rebel-former-ministers/ BoJo Purges Party of Anti-Brexit Rebel Former Ministers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
*[https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/04/brexit-delay-bill-passes-commons-johnson-tables-motion-election/ Brexit Delay Bill Passes in Commons, Johnson Tables Motion for Election]. ''Breitbart News'' (from the ''Associated Press''). September 4, 2019. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
See also:
*Delingpole, James (September 6, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/06/boris-has-drained-the-swamp-saved-the-conservatives/ Delingpole: Rejoice! Rejoice! Boris Johnson Has Drained the Swamp and Saved the Conservatives]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 6, 2019.</ref> While calling for a new election for two years, the Labor Party suddenly opposed holding a new election after Johnson announced his support for it.<ref>Multiple references:
*Murphy, James (September 5, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/33342-as-the-uk-turns-more-brexit-drama-delay-and-dithering-in-british-parliament As the U.K. Turns: More Brexit Drama, Delay, and Dithering in British Parliament]. ''The New American''. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
*Lane, Oliver JJ (September 4, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/04/would-turkeys-vote-for-christmas-why-mps-will-resist-boris-johnsons-snap-election/ Would Turkeys Vote For Christmas? Why MPs Will Resist Boris Johnson’s Snap Election]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
*Lane, Oliver JJ (September 4, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/04/after-years-of-demanding-an-election-labours-corbyn-refuses-vote-offered-by-boris-johnson/ After Years of Demanding an Election, Labour’s Corbyn Refuses Vote Offered by Boris Johnson]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
*Douglas, Jason (September 4, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-k-lawmakers-seek-to-delay-brexit-again-dealing-johnson-another-blow-11567602853 U.K. Lawmakers Foil Johnson With Votes to Delay Brexit and Bar Snap Election]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
*Lawless, Jill; Kirka, Danica (September 4, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/3539dba87ab343a8a7252bb0387addc3 Johnson’s Brexit plans in crisis after 3rd defeat in 2 days]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved September 4, 2019.</ref> Johnson continued voicing support for achieving Brexit,<ref>Multiple references:
*Lovell, Hunter (September 5, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/boris-johnson-on-delaying-brexit-id-rather-be-dead-in-a-ditch Boris Johnson on delaying Brexit: 'I'd rather be dead in a ditch']. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
*Hannon, Paul; Douglas, Jason (September 9, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/boris-johnson-insists-he-wants-a-brexit-deal-despite-no-deal-planning-11568037248 Boris Johnson Vows Oct. 31 Brexit as Law Rules Out No Deal, Election Bid Fails]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
*James, William; MacLellan, Kylie (September 9, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu/british-pm-johnson-tells-parliament-you-can-tie-my-hands-but-i-will-not-delay-brexit-idUSKCN1VU0PH British PM Johnson tells parliament: You can tie my hands, but I will not delay Brexit]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
*Friedman, Victoria (September 16, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/16/pm-johnson-stands-brexit-date-ahead-meeting-top-eurocrat/ PM Johnson Stands by Exit Date Ahead of Meeting with Top Eurocrat, Condemns MPs ‘Trying to Crush Brexit’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 16, 2019.</ref> and he refused to request a Brexit extension from the EU.<ref>Multiple references:
*Friedman, Victoria (September 7, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/07/defiant-johnson-will-not-ask-eu-brexit-delay-remainers-ready-take-pm-court/ Defiant Johnson ‘Will Not’ Ask EU for Brexit Delay, Remainers Ready to Take PM to Court]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
*Piper, Elizabeth (September 8, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu/sticking-to-brexit-plan-uks-johnson-will-not-seek-a-delay-idUSKCN1VT0BS Sticking to Brexit plan, UK's Johnson will not seek a delay]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
*Lane, Oliver JJ (September 9, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/09/future-of-october-31st-brexit-in-doubt-as-parliament-attempts-to-force-three-month-delay/ Future of October 31st Brexit In Doubt As Parliament Attempts to Force Three Month Delay]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
See also:
*Lane, Oliver JJ (September 9, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/09/parliament-votes-against-early-election-as-pm-boris-reaffirms-he-will-not-seek-brexit-extension/ Parliament Votes Against Early Election as PM Boris Reaffirms He Will Not Seek Brexit Extension]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 9, 2019.</ref> The UK Supreme Court, however, ruled against Johnson's parliamentary suspension on September 24, 2019.<ref>Multiple references:
*Lane, Oliver JJ (September 24, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/24/boris-johnson-suspended-parliament-unlawfully-uk-supreme-court-finds/ Boris Johnson Suspended Parliament Unlawfully, UK Supreme Court Finds]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
*Wallace, Danielle (September 24, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/boris-johnsons-suspension-of-parliament-ruled-unlawful-by-uk-supreme-court Boris Johnson's suspension of Parliament ruled unlawful by UK Supreme Court]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
*Douglas, Jason; Fidler, Stephen (September 24, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-k-court-rules-against-johnsons-freeze-on-parliament-11569318257 Boris Johnson Acted Illegally in Suspending Parliament, U.K.’s Highest Court Rules]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
See also:
*Friedman, Victoria (September 24, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/24/farage-prorogation-worst-political-decision-ever-reactions-supreme-court-ruling/ Farage Calls Prorogation ‘Worst Political Decision Ever’: Reactions to Supreme Court Ruling]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
*Delingpole, James (September 24, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/24/supreme-court-enemies-of-the-people-sabotage-brexit/ Delingpole: Judicial Enemies of the People Sabotage Brexit Again]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
*Delingpole, James (September 24, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/24/a-sinister-shadow-government-is-killing-brexit/ Delingpole: A Sinister, Nebulous Shadow Government Is Holding Brexit Hostage]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
*Hannan, Dan (September 26, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/boris-brexit-and-the-politicization-of-britains-judiciary Boris, Brexit and the politicization of Britain's judiciary]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved September 27, 2019.
Johnson's response after Parliament reconvened:
*Lane, Oliver JJ (September 25, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/25/bojo-throws-down-gauntlet-fight-election-or-ill-deliver-brexit/ PM Bojo Throws Down the Gauntlet to Remainers: Challenge me in an Election or I’ll Deliver Brexit]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
*Colchester, Max (September 25, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/british-leader-goads-rivals-to-end-his-rule-call-new-vote-11569443576 British Leader Goads Rivals to End His Rule, Call New Vote]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 25, 2019.</ref>

Despite pushing for Brexit, Johnson made the mistake of publicly disavowing and insulting [[Nigel Farage]] when he proposed forming an electoral coalition – and incident which illustrated that Johnson was not a political conservative.<ref>Multiple references:
*Lane, Oliver JJ (September 11, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/11/embattled-boris-slaps-down-farages-offer-of-help-not-fit-and-proper-persons/ Embattled Boris Slaps Down Farage’s Offer of Help: ‘Not Fit and Proper Persons’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
*Faulconbridge, Guy; James, William (September 11, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-farage/uk-pm-johnson-rules-out-farage-deal-despite-warning-of-electoral-kicking-idUSKCN1VW12Q UK PM Johnson rules out Farage deal despite warning of electoral 'kicking']. ''Reuters''. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
Later comments:
*[https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu-johnson-farage/pm-johnson-says-no-to-election-pact-with-brexit-party-idUSKBN1W82N1 PM Johnson says no to election pact with Brexit Party]. ''Reuters''. September 23, 2019. Retrieved September 23, 2019.
*Casalicchio, Emilio (September 23, 2019). [https://www.politico.eu/article/johnson-rejects-uk-election-pact-with-nigel-farage/ Johnson rejects UK election pact with Nigel Farage]. ''Politico''. Retrieved September 23, 2019.
*Montgomery, Jack; Lane, Oliver JJ (September 24, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/24/boris-refuses-farages-offer-of-an-electoral-pact-to-deliver-brexit/ Boris Refuses Farage’s Offer of an Electoral Pact to Deliver Brexit]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
See also:
*Delingpole, James (September 11, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/11/boris-johnson-should-not-be-attacking-nigel-farage/ Delingpole: Boris Attacking Farage Is a Foolish, Unforced Error]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
*Fridman, Victoria (September 13, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/13/spartans-call-johnson-reverse-rejection-farage-election-pact/ Brexit Spartans Call for Johnson to Reverse Rejection of Farage Election Pact]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 13, 2019.</ref>

Johnson announced a revised Brexit deal proposal on October 2, 2019.<ref>Multiple references:
*Colchester, Max; Douglas, Jason (October 2, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/boris-johnson-announces-last-ditch-brexit-proposal-11570014506 Boris Johnson Makes Last-Ditch Brexit Bid to EU]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
*Lawless, Jill; Kirka, Danica (October 2, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/04a5ab581a1747528024e94285b29c95 Boris Johnson: UK is offering Brexit ‘compromise’ to EU]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
*Piper, Elizabeth; James, William; MacLellan, Kylie (October 1, 2019). [hhttps://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu/pm-johnson-makes-final-brexit-offer-draws-guarded-welcome-from-eu-idUSKBN1WG4S8 PM Johnson makes final Brexit offer, draws guarded welcome from EU]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
See also:
*Friedman, Victoria (October 2, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/10/02/eu-rejects-boriss-politically-unacceptable-final-brexit-offer/ Europeans Reject Boris’s Politically ‘Unacceptable’ Final Brexit Offer]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-nireland/dup-deputy-leader-says-ireland-reaction-shows-backstop-a-trap-idUSKBN1WI1X7 DUP deputy leader says Ireland reaction shows backstop a trap]. ''Reuters''. October 3, 2019. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
*Zindulka, Kurt (October 14, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/10/14/lets-finish-this-off-boris-pitches-take-leave-last-ditch-brexit-deal/ ‘Let’s Finish This off’: Boris Pitches a Take it or Leave it, Last Ditch Brexit Deal]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
*Friedman, Victoria (October 22, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/10/22/boris-deal-uk-remains-subject-eu-court-rulings-brexit/ Boris Deal Means UK Subject to EU Court Rulings up to 3 Years After Brexit]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
*Gomez, Christian (October 22, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/33814-problems-with-boris-johnson-s-brexit-mirror-those-of-usmca Problems With Boris Johnson’s “Brexit” Mirror Those of USMCA]. ''The New American''. Retrieved October 22, 2019.</ref> On October 17, 2019, Johnson announced he had reached an agreement with the EU.<ref>Multiple references:
*Bydryk, Zack (October 17, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/europe/466223-boris-johnson-says-brexit-deal-between-uk-eu-reached Boris Johnson says Brexit deal between UK, EU reached]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
*Friedman, Victoria (October 17, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/10/17/weve-got-great-new-deal-brexit-treat-agreed-uk-eu/ ‘We’ve Got a Great New Deal’: Brexit Treaty Agreed by Boris Johnson and EU]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
*Darrah, Nicole (October 17, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/brexit-breakthrough-boris-johnson-deal-eu-vote Brexit breakthrough: Boris Johnson agrees 'great new deal' with EU; British MPs to vote Saturday]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
*Halaschak, Zachary (October 17, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/weve-got-a-great-deal-uk-and-eu-agree-to-brexit-deal 'We’ve got a great deal': UK and EU agree to Brexit deal]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
*Norman, Laurence; Colchester, Max (October 17, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/brexit-talks-are-dealt-a-blow-as-northern-irish-party-rejects-draft-11571294766 U.K., EU Agree on Draft Brexit Deal, Paving Way for Key Vote]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
*Casert, Raf; Lawless, Jill (October 17, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/e28aa5a31bc74a84844e7277821cf9b8 UK, EU reach tentative Brexit deal; still needs ratification]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
*Piper, Elizabeth; Chalmers, John (October 17, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu/britain-clinches-brexit-deal-johnson-now-faces-parliament-hurdle-idUSKBN1WW13M Britain clinches Brexit deal, Johnson now faces parliament hurdle]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
See also:
*Milliken, David; John, Mark (October 17, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-economy/uk-heading-for-fairly-hard-brexit-if-johnson-deal-passes-idUSKBN1WW2BO UK heading for 'fairly hard' Brexit if Johnson deal passes]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
*Herszenhorn, David M.; Barigazzi, Jacopo; Von der Burchard, Hans (October 17, 2019). [https://www.politico.eu/article/concessions-eu-led-brexit-deal/ 3 concessions by the EU that led to a Brexit deal]. ''Politico''. Retrieved October 19, 2019.</ref> The conservative Northern Irish [[Democratic Unionist Party]] announced it would oppose the proposed agreement,<ref>Multiple references:
*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-dup-statement-text/northern-irelands-dup-party-wont-support-new-brexit-deal-idUSKBN1WW1RA Northern Ireland's DUP party won't support new Brexit deal]. ''Reuters''. October 17, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-letwin-dup/northern-irelands-dup-say-they-will-use-every-strategy-to-seek-changes-to-brexit-deal-idUSKBN1WY0BZ Northern Ireland's DUP say they will use every strategy to seek changes to Brexit deal]. ''Reuters''. October 19, 2019. Retrieved October 19, 2019.</ref><ref name="PaisleyFarage">Lane, Oliver JJ; Montgomery, Jack (October 19, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/10/19/no-surrender-ian-paisley-nigel-farage-denounce-boriss-brexit-deal/ ‘No Surrender’ – Ian Paisley, Nigel Farage Denounce Boris’s Brexit Deal]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 19, 2019.</ref> and [[Brexit Party]] leader [[Nigel Farage]] also criticized it.<ref name="PaisleyFarage"/><ref>Multiple references:
*Friedman, Victoria (October 17, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/10/17/brexit-deal-reaction-not-brexit-farage-dup/ Farage Says New Deal Is ‘Just Not Brexit’ as DUP Says It Won’t Support It]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
*Friedman, Victoria (October 24, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/10/24/farage-treaty-not-brexit-urges-boris-drop-deal-partnership/ Farage Says Treaty ‘Is Not Brexit’, Tells Boris to Drop Deal and Agree Election Pact]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 24, 2019.</ref> On October 19, 2019, the House of Commons voted to delay the vote on the agreement and to delay Brexit if the agreement did not pass.<ref>Multiple references:
*Shaw, Adam (October 19, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/brexit-delay-vote-derailed Brexit vote derailed at last minute by rebel lawmakers; Boris Johnson pledges not to negotiate a delay]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
*Becker, Carlin (October 19, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/brexit-deal-on-hold-as-uk-parliament-votes-to-withhold-full-approval Anti-Brexit forces block UK Parliament vote on Boris Johnson deal with EU]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
*Colchester, Max; Douglas, Jason (October 19, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-k-parliament-poised-to-force-delay-on-critical-brexit-vote-11571484241 U.K. Parliament Defers Critical Vote, Likely Forcing Brexit Delay]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
*Lawless, Jill; Corder, Mike (October 19, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/1e0eeb157ec143b48cdcc1d6860ae493 UK lawmakers vote to delay final Brexit decision again]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
*[https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-50110601 Brexit: Johnson vows to press on despite defeat over deal delay]. ''BBC News''. October 19, 2019. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
*James, William, Piper, Elizabeth; MacLellan, Kylie (October 19, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu/johnson-defiant-after-british-parliament-votes-to-force-brexit-delay-idUSKBN1WX2M2 Johnson defiant after British parliament votes to force Brexit delay]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
*Frazin, Rachel (October 19, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/europe/466573-british-parliament-passes-amendment-to-delay-brexit-decision British Parliament passes amendment to delay Brexit decision]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 19, 2019.</ref> Later in the day, Johnson requested a Brexit extension despite promising not to take such an action.<ref>Multiple references:
*Montgomery, Jack (October 20, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/10/20/boris-sends-eu-letters-one-asking-for-brexit-delay-one-saying-he-doesnt-want-one/ Boris Sends EU Letters: One Asking for Brexit Delay, One Saying He Doesn’t Want One]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 20, 2019.
*Bowden, John (October 19, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/466599-uks-boris-johnson-reverses-requests-extension-of-brexit-deadline U.K.'s Boris Johnson reverses, requests extension of Brexit deadline]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
*Colchester, Max (October 19, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-k-parliament-poised-to-force-delay-on-critical-brexit-vote-11571484241 British Government Asks for EU Delay Amid Johnson Resistance]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
*Lawless, Jill; Casert, Raf (October 19, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/1e0eeb157ec143b48cdcc1d6860ae493 UK’s Johnson asks for Brexit delay, but argues against it]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
*Piper, Elizabeth (October 19, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu/uk-pm-sends-unsigned-letter-to-eu-asking-for-brexit-delay-idUSKBN1WY0Q9 UK PM sends unsigned letter to EU asking for Brexit delay]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
*Corder, Mike; Katz, Gregory (October 20, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/42d3b01c903b4427940edfebd51299e0 UK’s Johnson asks for a Brexit delay that he doesn’t want]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 20, 2019.
See also:
*MacLellan, Kylie; Sandle, Paul (October 19, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu/brexit-will-happen-on-october-31-despite-pms-unsigned-delay-request-uk-says-idUSKBN1WY0Q6 Brexit will happen on October 31 despite PM's unsigned delay request, UK says]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 20, 2019.</ref> On October 22, 2019, Parliament voted in favor of the Brexit deal but voted against Johnson's three-day schedule for giving the final approval of the deal.<ref>Multiple references:
*Lane, Oliver JJ (October 22, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/10/22/boris-johnsons-brexit-plan-delayed-as-parliament-votes-against-october-31st-timetable/ Boris Johnson’s Brexit Plan Delayed as Parliament Votes Against October 31st Timetable]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
*Colchester, Max; Douglas, Jason (October 22, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/boris-johnsons-brexit-deal-clears-vital-hurdle-in-parliament-11571768188 Johnson’s Brexit Deal Clears Hurdle in Parliament but His Timetable Is Rejected]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
*Lawless, Jill; Kirka, Danica (October 22, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa378c6a8b5e43c8812115fc8cee3974 Boris Johnson inches toward securing Brexit but delay likely]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 22, 2019.</ref> The EU subsequently granted yet another extension until January 31, 2020.<ref>Multple references:
*[https://www.foxnews.com/world/eu-allows-new-brexit-extension-uk-gets-more-time-to-negotiate-divorce EU allows new Brexit extension, UK gets more time to negotiate divorce]. ''Fox News''. October 28, 2019. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
*Norman, Laurence (October 28, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/eu-extends-brexit-deadline-until-jan-31-11572255175 EU Extends Brexit Deadline Until Jan. 31]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
*Petrequin, Samuel (October 28, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/dd63f54bee064ddda7435778490f4a45 EU grants Brexit delay to Jan. 31; UK ponders new election]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
*Baczynska, Gabriela; James, William (October 28, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu/eu-nations-agree-brexit-delay-until-january-31-as-pm-johnson-seeks-election-idUSKBN1X70NT EU nations agree Brexit delay until January 31 as PM Johnson seeks election]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
*Gstalter, Morgan (October 28, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/europe/467686-eu-pushes-brexit-deadline-back-to-jan-31 EU pushes Brexit deadline back to Jan. 31]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
See also:
*Montgomery, Jack (October 28, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/10/28/bojo-formally-accepts-brexit-delay-begs-eu-not-delay-again-2020/ Boris Formally Accepts Brexit Delay, Begs EU Not to Delay AGAIN in 2020]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>

On October 29, 2019, on its fourth attempt to do so in two months, the UK Parliament voted to hold an election on December 12 in which [[Boris Johnson]] won an historic majority and thus making Brexit a reality.<ref>Multiple references:
*Lane, Oliver JJ (October 29, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/10/29/general-election-2019-parliament-approves-snap-vote-on-fourth-attempt/ General Election 2019: Parliament Approves Snap Vote on Fourth Attempt]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 29, 2019.
*Phillips, Morgan; Shaw, Adam (October 29, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/uk-parliament-agrees-to-dec-12-election-ahead-of-eus-new-brexit-deadline UK Parliament agrees to Dec. 12 election, ahead of EU's new Brexit deadline]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved October 29, 2019.
*Colchester, Max (October 29, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-k-opposition-to-back-boris-johnsons-call-for-election-11572347134 U.K. Parliament Authorizes December General Election]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 29, 2019.
*Lawless, Jill; Kirka, Danica (October 29, 2019). [https://apnews.com/5ff4178638ac407c8dfe5597f81b6c36 Brexit ballot: UK lawmakers back December 12 election]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 29, 2019.
*Faulconbridge, Guy; Piper, Elizabeth; James, William (October 29, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu/britain-set-for-december-12-election-to-break-the-brexit-deadlock-idUSKBN1X80QN Britain set for December 12 election to break the Brexit deadlock]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 29, 2019.</ref>

On January 21, 2020 the UK. stated the transition period to leave the European Union, having 1 year to negotiate a trade deal.

== See also ==
* [[United Kingdom Independence Party]]
* [[Grexit]]
* [[Examples of EU regulations on Britain]]
* [[European migrant crisis]]

== External links ==
* [http://eureferendum.blogspot.co.uk/ EU Referendum]
* [http://youtu.be/eYqzcqDtL3k Brexit The Movie]

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=35em}}

{{Nationalism}}
{{Globalism}}
[[Category:European Politics]]
[[Category:United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Political Terms]]
[[Category:British Empire]]
[[Category:Euroskepticism]]

Boris Johnson

2020-04-09T00:25:25Z

Orbhouse:

{{Prime Minister
|image=Boris Johnson, foreign minister.jpg
|seq=77
|term_start=July 24, 2019
|term_end=present
|previous=Theresa May
|next=
|party=Conservative Party
|birth_date=June 19, 1964
|birth_place=New York City
|spouse=Allegra Mostyn-Owen (div.) Marina Wheeler (div.)
|religion=
}}
'''Boris Johnson''' (born New York, June 19, 1964) is the Prime Minister of the [[United Kingdom]] and leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], serving since July 2019. Previously, he served as Mayor of [[London]] from May 2008 to May 2016 and as UK Foreign Minister from July 2016 to July 2018. He is a noted supporter of [[Brexit]], though he also holds liberal positions on certain issues such as abortion and homosexuality. Johnson defeated incumbent London mayor [[Ken Livingstone]] in 2008 and was succeeded by [[Sadiq Khan]]‎, the first [[Muslim]] mayor of any European capital. Observers in the media have noted Johnson's effective public speaking skills.<ref>Hayward, Freddie; Faulconbridge, Guy (July 23, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-leader-johnson-language/boris-johnsons-magniloquent-tongue-reaps-political-gold-linguists-say-idUSKCN1UI1LV Boris Johnson's magniloquent tongue reaps political gold, linguists say]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 23, 2019.</ref>

Less than 10 months after taking office, Boris Johnson fell victim of the [[CCP virus]] and entered intensive care.<ref>[https://www.ntd.com/uk-prime-minister-johnson-moved-to-intensive-care-as-ccp-virus-symptoms-worsen_452809.html UK Prime Minister Johnson Moved to Intensive Care as CCP Virus Symptoms Worsen], By Jack Phillips, April 6, 2020.</ref>

==Early life and career==
Johnson was born in [[New York City]]. He no longer claims U.S. citizenship because he chose to renounce it following trouble entering the U.S. on his British passport.<ref>http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1681132/posts</ref> However, he did not clarify whether he had ever formally renounced his U.S. citizenship before a U.S. consular officer and it is uncertain whether he remains a citizen under U.S. law. His mother was a successful artist, while his father was an author and politician. He is patrilineally descended from Ali Kemal, the Ottoman politician who was murdered. He is also the great-grandson of Elias Avery Lowe, the Russian-American Paelaeographer.

===Mayor of London===
Johnson's campaign for Mayor of London from the Conservative Party was in a majority [[Labour Party]] dominated region. Johnson promised during the campaign that he would roll back a recent expansion of Central London congestion charging Livingstone had introduced.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/7188239.stm</ref> He also advocated the removal of articulated, or "bendy", buses that had been introduced to London.<ref>http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-23411785-details/Scrap+the+bendy+bus+and+bring+back+Routemasters,+says+Boris/article.do</ref> He also called for minor changes to law and order in London in the form of a ban on drinking alcohol on public transport (the London Underground in particular)<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7387113.stm</ref> and the revocation of free travel for youths who misbehave on buses and trains.

===Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs===
On July 13, 2016, Johnson was appointed as the British [[Foreign Secretary|Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs]] by Prime Minister [[Theresa May]].<ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/ministers/foreign-secretary Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs]</ref>

In July 2018, due to his opposition to May's Brexit plan which he believed undermined UK sovereignty and independence, Johnson resigned as Foreign Secretary.<ref>Lane, Oliver JJ (July 9, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/07/09/british-foreign-secretary-boris-johnson-resigns-government-amid-brexit-rebellion/ British Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson Resigns Government Amid Brexit Rebellion]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 9, 2018. See also:
*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-johnson-resignation/former-foreign-minister-johnson-warns-britain-will-end-up-like-colony-to-the-eu-after-brexit-idUSKBN1JZ2AH Former foreign minister Johnson warns Britain will end up like colony to the EU after Brexit]. ''Reuters''. July 9, 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
*Montgomery, Jack (July 9, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/07/09/boris-speaks-brexit-is-dying-white-flags-are-fluttering-may-deal-will-make-britain-an-eu-colony/ BORIS SPEAKS: ‘Brexit is Dying, White Flags Are Fluttering, May Deal Will Make Britain an EU Colony’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 9, 2018.</ref> He was replaced by [[Jeremy Hunt]], who he later competed against and defeated in the race for leader of the Conservative Party.

==Premiership==
On July 23, 2019, Johnson won the Conservative Party leadership election, campaigning on a strongly pro-[[Brexit]] platform and defeating [[Jeremy Hunt]]. By winning the leadership election, he also became the UK's prime minister.<ref>Multiple references:
*Murphy, James (July 23, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/32930-hardline-brexiteer-boris-johnson-selected-as-new-prime-minister-of-uk Hardline Brexiteer Boris Johnson Selected as New Prime Minister of U.K.] ''The New American''. Retrieved July 23, 2019.
*Lane, Oliver JJ (July 23, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/07/23/boris-johnson-wins-uk-leadership-race-will-be-prime-minister/ Boris Johnson Wins UK Leadership Race, Will be Prime Minister]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 23, 2019.
*Fidler, Stephen; Colchester, Max (July 23, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/boris-johnson-to-become-u-k-prime-minister-after-winning-party-election-11563879952 Boris Johnson to Become U.K. Prime Minister After Winning Party Election]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 23, 2019.
*Lawless, Jill; Kirka, Danica (July 23, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/6f533afc9bb14c29a1b9e013f270159e Boris Johnson chosen as new UK leader, now faces Brexit test]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved July 23, 2019.
*Mikelionis, Lukas (July 23, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/boris-johnson-to-become-next-british-prime-minister-after-winning-conservative-party-leadership-ballot Boris Johnson to become next British Prime Minister, after winning Conservative Party leadership ballot]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved July 23, 2019.
See also:
*Kassam, Raheem (July 23, 2019). [https://humanevents.com/2019/07/23/how-to-make-boris-work/ How to Make Boris Work.] ''Human Events''. Retrieved July 23, 2019.
*Friedman, Victoria (July 23, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/07/23/does-he-have-courage-deliver-brexit-reactions-johnson-victory/ ‘Does He Have the Courage to Deliver?’: Reactions to Johnson’s Leadership Victory]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 23, 2019.
*Colchester, Max; Norman, Laurence (July 22, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/i-dont-know-what-he-will-do-europe-braces-for-brexit-with-boris-johnson-11563825742 ‘I Don’t Know What He Will Do’: Europe Braces for Brexit With Boris Johnson]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 23, 2019.
*Mikelionis, Lukas (July 23, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/boris-johnson-profile-brexit-winston-churchill Gaffe-prone Boris Johnson seeks to turbo-charge Britain's departure from EU, prove he's modern-day Winston Churchill]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved July 23, 2019.</ref> His tenure as prime minister began the following day.<ref>Multiple references:
*Lane, Oliver JJ (July 24, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/07/24/boris-johnson-makes-first-speech-as-uk-prime-minister/ ‘Brexit in 99 Days, No Ifs, No Buts’: Boris Johnson Makes First Speech as UK Prime Minister]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
*Mikelionis, Lukas (July 24, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/boris-johnson-queen-officially-prime-minister-britain-brexit-theresa-may Boris Johnson officially becomes Prime Minister, pledges 'modern Britain' cabinet with pro-Brexit tilt]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
*Colchester, Max; Douglas, Jason (July 24, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/boris-johnson-picks-his-top-team-for-brexit-battle-11563966841 Boris Johnson Takes the Helm as Prime Minister, Gears Up for Brexit Battle]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
*Klar, Rebecca (July 24, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/europe/454505-boris-johnson-officially-becomes-new-uk-prime-minister Boris Johnson officially becomes UK prime minister, vows to get Brexit done]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
*Lawless, Jill; Kirka, Danica (July 24, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/18957b2a83e14a31865610cf1ee20579 Boris Johnson becomes UK PM, aims to win over doubters]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
*James, William; MacLellan, Kylie (July 23, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu-leader/british-prime-minister-johnson-vows-brexit-with-no-ifs-or-buts-idUSKCN1UI2WK British Prime Minister Johnson vows Brexit with 'no ifs or buts']. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
*Hill, Geoff (July 24, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/jul/24/boris-johnson-new-uk-prime-minister-sets-sights-br/ 'No ifs, ands or buts': Boris Johnson takes charge, sets sights on Brexit]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
*James, William; MacLellan, Kylie (July 23, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-leader/british-prime-minister-johnson-promises-a-bold-new-brexit-deal-idUSKCN1UI2W2 British Prime Minister Johnson promises a bold new Brexit deal]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
*Kennedy, Merrit (July 24, 2019). [https://www.npr.org/2019/07/24/744839100/the-time-has-come-to-act-boris-johnson-takes-the-helm-as-u-k-prime-minister 'The Time Has Come To Act': Boris Johnson Takes The Helm As U.K. Prime Minister]. ''NPR''. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
See also:
*Gingrich, Newt (July 30, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/newt-gingrich-boris-johnson-prime-minister-britain-government Newt Gingrich: Boris Johnson has already made a huge imprint on British government and politics]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved July 30, 2019.</ref>

Johnson appointed a much more conservative candidate than his predecessor, firing over half of May's cabinet in the largest purge in British history, and with cabinet positions going to MPs open to a "no-deal" Brexit.<ref>Multiple references:
*Cooper, Charlie; Dickson, Annabelle; Casalicchio, Emilio (July 24, 2019). [https://www.politico.eu/article/boris-johnson-day-1-revolution-brexit/ Boris Johnson’s Day 1 revolution]. ''Politico''. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
*Hutton, Robert (July 24, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-07-24/boris-johnson-has-put-the-old-brexit-gang-back-together-again Boris Johnson Has Put the Old Brexit Gang Back Together Again]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
* https://www.ft.com/content/7999d570-ae17-11e9-8030-530adfa879c2
*Staunton, Denis (July 24, 2019). [https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/uk/boris-johnson-all-smiles-amid-biggest-cabinet-bloodbath-in-british-history-1.3966401 Boris Johnson all smiles amid biggest cabinet bloodbath in British history]. ''The Irish Times''. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
*Stewart, Heather; Mason, Rowena (July 24, 2019). [https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/jul/24/boris-johnson-takes-his-revenge-and-sacks-over-half-the-cabinet Boris Johnson takes his revenge and sacks over half the cabinet]. ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
*Friedman, Victoria (July 24, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/07/24/prime-minister-johnson-clears-out-cabinet-makes-fresh-appointments/ Prime Minister Johnson Purges Hardline Remainers from Cabinet, Prepares to Deliver Brexit in 99 Days’ Time]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
*Morales, Alex; Mayes, Joe; Donaldson, Kitty (July 24, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-07-24/the-great-purge-johnson-culls-cabinet-to-make-his-brexit-mark The Great Purge: Boris Johnson Culls Cabinet to Make His Brexit Mark]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
*Rayner, Gordon; Yorke, Harry; Bennett, Asa; Rothwell, James (July 24, 2019). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2019/07/24/boris-johnson-prime-minister-new-cabinet-latest-news-speech/ Boris Johnson promotes Brexit loyalists in biggest Cabinet cull in 60 years]. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-leader-reesmogg/uk-pm-johnson-appoints-rees-mogg-as-leader-of-the-house-of-commons-idUSKCN1UJ31I UK PM Johnson appoints Rees-Mogg as leader of the House of Commons]. ''Reuters''. July 24, 2019. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
*Delingpole, James (July 25, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/07/25/boriss-brexit-cabinet-is-achingly-sound/ Delingpole: Boris’s Brexit Cabinet Is the Soundest Since Margaret Thatcher]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
List of cabinet members:
*[https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-49043973 Prime Minister Boris Johnson: Who's in his cabinet?] ''BBC News''. July 24, 2019. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-cabinet-factbox/factbox-who-has-uk-pm-johnson-appointed-to-his-cabinet-idUSKCN1UJ2MH Factbox: Who has UK PM Johnson appointed to his cabinet?] ''Reuters''. July 24, 2019. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
See also:
*Rogan, Tom (July 24, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/boris-johnson-just-cleaned-house-in-the-uk-and-his-new-cabinet-is-far-more-conservative Boris Johnson just cleaned house in the UK, and his new Cabinet is far more conservative]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
*Friedman, Victoria (July 24, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/07/24/johnson-to-assemble-brexiteer-cabinet-that-reflects-modern-britain/ Johnson to Assemble Brexiteer Cabinet that Reflects ‘Modern Britain’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 24, 2019.</ref> He also appointed strongly pro-Brexit individuals to other administration positions.<ref>Multiple references:
*Delingpole, James (July 24, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/07/24/boris-appoints-brexit-axeman-tackle-deep-state/ Delingpole: Boris Appoints Brexit Mastermind Cummings to Drain the Swamp]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
*Lane, Oliver JJ (July 17, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/07/17/pm-in-waiting-boris-johnson-appoints-brexit-hardliner-as-senior-advisor/ PM-in-Waiting Boris Johnson Appoints Brexit Hardliner as Senior Advisor]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
*Piper, Elizabeth (July 24, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-leader-cummings/architect-of-brexit-campaign-becomes-adviser-to-new-uk-pm-johnson-idUSKCN1UJ0XU Architect of Brexit campaign becomes adviser to new UK PM Johnson]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
*Colchester, Max; Corse, Alexa (July 26, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/boris-johnson-turns-to-maverick-brexit-architect-to-deliver-eu-split-11564133799 Boris Johnson Turns to Maverick Brexit Architect to Deliver EU Split]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
*[https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-49101464 Who is Dominic Cummings?] ''BBC News''. July 24, 2019. Retrieved July 25, 2019.</ref>

Johnson won by a landslide in the [[2019 United Kingdom general election|December 2019 general election]], winning the largest Conservative Party majority since Margaret Thatcher in 1987 and taking longtime Labour-held seats, while the Labour Party received its worst result since 1935.<ref>Multiple references:
*Murphy, James (December 13, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/34332-u-k-general-election-boris-johnson-conservatives-and-brexit-claim-historic-victory U.K. General Election: Boris Johnson, Conservatives, and Brexit Claim Historic Victory]. ''The New American''. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
*Friedman, Victoria (December 12, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/12/12/boris-johnson-new-government-deliver-will-people-brexit/ Boris: Election Has Given Tories a ‘Powerful Mandate to Get Brexit Done’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
*Friedman, Victoria (December 13, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/12/13/no-more-miserable-threats-of-a-second-referendum-as-tories-secure-biggest-majority-since-thatcher/ No More ‘Miserable Threats’ of a Second Referendum as Tories Secure Biggest Majority Since Thatcher]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
*Shaw, Adam (December 13, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/boris-johnson-vows-brexit-jan-31-european-market-surge-buckingham-palace-queen-elizabeth Boris Johnson vows to resolve Brexit by Jan 31st, European markets hit record high after Conservative sweep]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
*Plackett, Benjamin; Bhatti, Jabeen (December 12, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/dec/12/boris-johnson-conservatives-win-big-british-electi/ Boris Johnson, Conservatives secure smashing win in British election]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
*Douglas, Jason (December 13, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/with-u-k-election-win-in-sight-johnson-set-to-best-his-detractors-11576190324 With U.K. Election Win in Hand, Johnson Bests His Detractors]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
*Colchester, Max; Hannon, Paul (December 13, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/after-thumping-victory-boris-johnson-focuses-on-swift-brexit-boost-to-public-spending-11576236384 After Thumping Victory, Boris Johnson Focuses on Swift Brexit, Boost to Public Spending]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
*Lawless, Jill; Kirka, Danica; Corder, Mike (December 13, 2019). [https://apnews.com/f972f14e0fdaf579c43dd3e2ea36bfd4 UK’s Johnson claims Brexit mandate as Tories secure majority]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
*Milliken, David; Schomberg, William (December 13, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-election/johnson-election-victory-propels-britain-toward-swift-brexit-idUSKBN1YH18O Johnson election victory propels Britain toward swift Brexit]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
*Faulconbridge, Guy; James, William (December 12, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-election-exit-poll/britain-speeds-towards-brexit-as-johnson-wins-large-majority-in-election-idUSKBN1YG2NZ Britain speeds towards Brexit as Johnson wins large majority in election]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
*Landler, Mark; Castle, Stephen (December 12, 2019). [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/12/world/europe/uk-election-boris-johnson.html Conservatives Win Commanding Majority in U.K. Vote: ‘Brexit Will Happen’]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
*Lane, Oliver JJ; Montgomery, Jack (December 12, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/12/12/britain-votes-breitbart-london-election-night-2019-live-wire/ Britain Votes: Breitbart London Election Night 2019 Live Wire]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
*Young, Sarah; Bruce, Andy (December 13, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-election/brexit-closure-johnson-wins-commanding-victory-in-uk-election-idUSKBN1YH18G 'Brexit closure' - Johnson wins commanding victory in UK election]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
*Tapsfield, James; Maidment, Jack (December 12, 2019). [https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7786809/Exit-poll-shows-Boris-Johnson-track-WIN-crucial-election.html 'We have created an earthquake': Boris Johnson hails his massive Brexit mandate as election results put Tories on track for EIGHTY majority - while Jeremy Corbyn announces he is on way out after worst Labour result since 1935]. ''Daily Mail''. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
See also:
*Tomlinson, Chris (December 12, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/12/12/uk-election-conservatives-take-seat-held-by-labour-for-nearly-70-years/ UK Election: Conservatives Take Seat Held By Labour For Nearly 70 Years]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
*Delingpole, James (December 13, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/12/13/rejoice-rejoice-britain-just-dodged-the-marxist-bullet/ Delingpole: Rejoice! Rejoice! Britain Just Dodged the Marxist Bullet!] ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
*Colchester, Max; Hookway, James (December 13, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/in-u-k-as-elsewhere-many-blue-collar-voters-are-switching-allegiances-11576205499 In U.K. as Elsewhere, Many Blue-Collar Voters Are Switching Allegiances]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
*Friedman, Victoria (December 13, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/12/13/collapse-red-wall-labour-voters-backed-conservatives/ Collapse of the Red Wall: Labour Voters Back Conservatives in Revolt Against the Elites]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
*Evans, Simon; Roe, Emily G (December 13, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-election-burnley/labour-partys-red-wall-across-england-falls-as-voters-clamor-for-brexit-idUSKBN1YH1DU Labour Party's Red Wall across England falls as voters clamor for Brexit]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
*Corder, Mike (December 13, 2019). [https://apnews.com/b2a8d3e24603609ab17868231b46e975 Key takeaways from Boris Johnson’s sweeping election victory]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
*Lawless, Jill (December 13, 2019). [https://apnews.com/41360172184354db5ef52c0631ebc73b From punchline to political star: the rise of Boris Johnson]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
*Katz, Gregory (December 13, 2019). [https://apnews.com/34d660d3c45dcd657a1578764ac7b842 Johnson victory means Brexit is coming, tough talks loom]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
*Piper, Elizabeth (December 13, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-election-strategy-insight/how-boris-johnsons-election-gamble-paid-off-idUSKBN1YH0K3 How Boris Johnson’s election gamble paid off]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
*MacAskill, Andrew (December 12, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-election-remain/the-dream-is-dead-johnson-election-triumph-breaks-uk-remainer-hearts-idUSKBN1YH0B4 The dream is dead: Johnson election triumph breaks UK 'remainer' hearts]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
*Montgomery, Jack (December 13, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/12/13/boris-time-brexit-closure-let-healing-begin/ Boris: Time for Brexit ‘Closure’ – ‘Let the Healing Begin’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
*Fidler, Stephen; Seib, Gerald F. (December 13, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/boris-johnson-joins-trump-in-redefining-conservatism-11576277776 Boris Johnson Joins Trump in Redefining Conservatism]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
*Van Maren, Jonathon (December 13, 2019). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/blogs/brexit-go-ahead-and-death-of-anti-semitism-good-news-out-of-uk-elections Brexit go-ahead and death of anti-Semitism: Good news out of UK elections]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
*Webster, Ashley (December 14, 2019). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/boris-johnson-uk-win-makes-him-captialist-king Boris Johnson's UK win makes him capitalist king]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved December 14, 2019.
*Juan, Jovi; French, Jason (December 13, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/graphics/how-the-conservatives-won/ How the Conservatives Won]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 14, 2019.
*Friedman, Victoria (December 15, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/12/15/how-corbyn-red-wall-crumbled-uk-election-maps/ How Corbyn’s Red Wall Crumbled: The UK Election in Maps]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
*Allen, Mike (December 14, 2019). [https://www.axios.com/boris-johnson-brexit-britain-cc46e9f3-bd50-413b-b74e-ec78a4d33edf.html Britain remade by Boris Johnson]. ''Axios''. Retrieved December 14, 2019.
*[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/general-election-results-2019-maps-breakdown-constituency/ Election Result – Conservatives win historic majority]. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
*Blond, Phillip (December 13, 2019). [https://www.firstthings.com/web-exclusives/2019/12/boriss-red-tory-victory Boris's Red Tory Victory]. ''First Things''. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
*Goodwin, Matthew (December 12, 2019). [https://unherd.com/2019/12/time-for-boris-johnson-to-show-his-true-colours/ Time for Boris Johnson to show his true colours]. ''Unherd''. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
*Sullivan, Andrew (December 13, 2019). [http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/12/andrew-sullivan-boris-johnsons-winning-formula.html Boris Johnson Is Showing Western Politicians How to Win]. ''New York Magazine''. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
*Barone, Michael (December 16, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/boris-johnsons-revolution Boris Johnson's revolution]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
*Chorley, Matt (December 17, 2019). [https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/news/general-election-results-working-class-switched-to-tories-kfwptc6cr General election results: Working class switched to Tories]. ''The Times''. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
*Duke, Selwyn (December 18, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/34381-lifelong-labour-voter-explains-conservatives-victory-libs-are-killing-our-culture Lifelong Labour Voter Explains Conservatives’ Victory: Libs Are Killing Our Culture]. ''The New American''. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
*Goodwin, Matthew (December 15, 2019). [https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/blue-collar-and-true-blue-the-audacious-boris-johnson-alliance-7tpjbpgmj Blue collar and true blue, the audacious Boris Johnson alliance]. ''The Times''. Retrieved December 22, 2019.
*Handa, Sahil (January 2, 2020). [https://www.nationalreview.com/2020/01/boris-johnson-election-victory-political-realignment-western-democracies/ Boris Johnson’s Victory and the Political Realignment Shaking Western Democracies]. ''National Review''. Retrieved January 5, 2020.</ref>

===Brexit===
Immediately upon becoming Prime Minister, Johnson took a tough stance on Brexit, promising to fulfill the 2016 referendum result.<ref>Multiple references:
*Faulconbridge, Guy; Piper, Elizabeth (July 23, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-leader/britains-new-leader-johnson-we-are-going-to-get-brexit-done-idUSKCN1UH2JQ Britain's new leader Johnson: 'We are going to get Brexit done']. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 23, 2019.
*Colchester, Max; Douglas, Jason (July 25, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/boris-johnson-talks-tough-on-brexit-in-combative-first-speech-11564061650 Boris Johnson Talks Tough on Brexit in Combative First Speech]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
*Faulconbridge, Guy; MacLellan, Kylie (July 25, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu/ill-make-britain-great-again-pm-johnson-echoes-trump-over-brexit-idUSKCN1UK0OI I'll make Britain great again, PM Johnson echoes Trump over Brexit]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
*Lawless, Jill; Kirka, Danica (July 25, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/a6eb435cefad4679b995e78470c5a550 Showdown looms as new British PM wants to redo Brexit deal]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved July 25, 2019.</ref> His government stated it would not pay any "divorce bill" to the EU in the case of a "no-deal" Brexit,<ref>Friedman, Victoria (July 25, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/07/25/new-boris-govt-confirms-uk-wont-pay-39bn-brussels-no-deal-brexit/ New Boris Govt Confirms UK Won’t Pay £39bn to Brussels in No-Deal Brexit]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 25, 2019.</ref> and Johnson stated he would push to adopt an independent trade policy and not nominate an EU commissioner.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-leader-commission/british-pm-johnson-unveils-new-approach-no-uk-commissioner-to-eu-idUSKCN1UK1GC British PM Johnson unveils 'new approach', no UK commissioner to EU]. ''Reuters''. July 25, 2019. Retrieved July 25, 2019.</ref>

Johnson immediately put his cabinet to work preparing for a "no-deal" Brexit,<ref>Multiple references:
*Friedman, Victoria (July 29, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/07/29/johnson-sets-up-brexit-war-cabinet-no-deal-preparation-number-one-priority/ Johnson Sets up Brexit ‘War Cabinet’, No Deal Preparation ‘Number One Priority’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 29, 2019.
*Shipman, Tim (July 28, 2019). [https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/news/boris-johnson-vows-no-deal-brexit-by-any-means-necessary-55tjljkfw Boris Johnson vows no‑deal Brexit ‘by any means necessary’]. ''The Times''. Retrieved July 28, 2019.
*Falconer, Rebecca (July 28, 2019). [https://www.axios.com/boris-johnson-brexit-no-deal-war-cabinet-1bf3d0b3-18e3-427e-b4c5-c506b31fad12.html Boris Johnson forms "war cabinet" to prepare for no-deal Brexit]. ''Axios''. Retrieved July 28, 2019.
*MacLennan, Kylie (July 28, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu/assuming-eu-will-not-budge-britain-ramps-up-preparations-for-no-deal-brexit-idUSKCN1UN08Q Assuming EU will not budge, Britain ramps up preparations for no-deal Brexit]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 28, 2019.
See also:
*Montgomery, Jack (July 28, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/07/28/chancellor-javid-treasury-turbocharging-preparations-no-deal-brexit/ Chancellor Javid: Treasury ‘Turbocharging Preparations’ for No Deal Brexit]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 28, 2019.
*Malnick, Edward (July 27, 2019). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2019/07/27/sajid-javids-brexit-blitz-prepare-no-deal/ Sajid Javid to announce Brexit spending blitz to prepare for no deal]. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved July 28, 2019.
* https://www.ft.com/content/5c65e0e4-b118-11e9-bec9-fdcab53d6959
*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-javid/uks-javid-to-ramp-up-funding-for-no-deal-brexit-preparations-paper-idUSKCN1UM0O9 UK's Javid to ramp up funding for no-deal Brexit preparations: paper]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 28, 2019.
*James, William (August 9, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu-johnson/no-deal-brexit-preparation-is-top-priority-johnson-tells-officials-idUSKCN1UZ1I3 No-deal Brexit preparation is top priority, Johnson tells officials]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 9, 2019.
*Friedman, Victoria (August 10, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/08/10/johnson-tells-civil-servants-preparing-no-deal-brexit-top-priority/ Johnson Tells Civil Servants to Make Preparing for No-Deal Brexit ‘Top Priority’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
*Friedman, Victoria (September 2, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/02/govt-prepares-no-deal-brexit-get-ready-campaign/ Johnson Govt Prepares for No Deal Brexit with ‘Get Ready’ Campaign]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 2, 2019.</ref> and he stated he would refuse to negotiate with the EU unless it dropped its Irish backstop demand.<ref>Friedman, Victoria (July 29, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/07/29/johnson-plays-hardball-wont-meet-with-eu-until-they-remove-backstop/ Johnson Plays Hardball, Won’t Meet with EU Until They Remove Backstop]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 29, 2019. See also:
*Friedman, Victoria (August 15, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/08/15/johnson-accuses-remainer-mps-collaborating-eu-stop-brexit/ Boris Accuses Remainer MPs of ‘Collaborating’ with EU to Stop Brexit]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 15, 2019.</ref> Very early in Johnson's tenure, his government doubled the amount of money devoted to preparing for a "no-deal" Brexit,<ref>Multiple references:
*[https://www.bbc.com/news/business-49183324 No-deal Brexit plans to get £2.1bn boost]. ''BBC News''. July 31, 2019. Retrieved July 31, 2019.
*MacAskill, Andrew (July 31, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu-javid/britain-to-spend-an-extra-2-1-billion-on-no-deal-brexit-planning-idUSKCN1UQ2RR Britain to spend an extra £2.1 billion on no-deal Brexit planning]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
See also:
*Piper, Elizabeth (August 4, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu/after-brexit-pledges-british-pm-johnson-announces-cash-injection-for-health-idUSKCN1UU0OF After Brexit pledges, British PM Johnson announces cash injection for health]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 4, 2019.</ref> and his treasury minister announced a one-year spending review to help the government prepare for a "no-deal" Brexit.<ref>Markham, Joe (August 9, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/08/09/chancellor-announces-special-spending-review-to-prepare-for-brexit/ Chancellor Announces Special Spending Review to Prepare for Brexit]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 9, 2019.</ref> The government announced that in the event of a "no-deal" Brexit, it would end its adherence to the EU's "freedom of movement" rules.<ref>Multiple references:
*Markham, Joe (August 19, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/08/19/home-secretary-to-end-free-movement-on-october-31st/ Patel: UK Government to End Free Migration Regime on Brexit Day]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
*MacLellan, Kylie (August 19, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu-immigration/uk-plans-to-end-eu-freedom-of-movement-immediately-in-no-deal-brexit-idUSKCN1V91IN UK plans to end EU freedom of movement immediately in no-deal Brexit]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 19, 2019.</ref> Johnson voiced confidence and patriotism in his country.<ref>Friedman, Victoria (August 26, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/08/26/johnson-uk-great-country-can-easily-cope-no-deal-brexit/ Johnson: UK Is a ‘Great Country’ and Can ‘Easily Cope’ with No Deal Brexit]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 26, 2019.</ref> However, regarding the Brexit agreement with the EU, Johnson only called for the EU to remove the Northern Ireland backstop in order for him to accept it, angering Brexit supporters.<ref>Friedman, Victoria (August 28, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/08/28/johnson-faces-brexiteer-backlash-only-seeking-changes-backstop/ Johnson Faces Brexiteer Backlash over Only Seeking Changes to the Backstop]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 28, 2019.</ref> In August 2019, the EU appeared to take a softer stance on renegotiating the Brexit agreement, but this public stance was actually a way to deflect blame in the event of a no-deal Brexit.<ref>Baczynska, Gabriela (August 28, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu-diplomacy-analysis/eus-softer-tone-a-ploy-to-sidestep-blame-in-case-of-a-no-deal-brexit-idUSKCN1VI1ZP EU's softer tone a ploy to sidestep blame in case of a no-deal Brexit]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 28, 2019.</ref>

In August 2019, Johnson's government announced it would stop sending its officials to most EU meetings.<ref>Multiple references:
*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-meetings/britain-to-unshackle-officials-from-most-eu-meetings-ahead-of-brexit-idUSKCN1VA1GH Britain to 'unshackle' officials from most EU meetings ahead of Brexit]. ''Reuters''. August 20, 2019. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
*Dickson, Annabelle (August 20, 2019). [https://www.politico.eu/article/uk-officials-to-withdraw-from-eu-meetings-from-september-1/ UK officials to withdraw from EU meetings from September 1]. ''Politico''. Retrieved August 20, 2019.</ref>

On August 28, 2019, Johnson announced he would ask the queen to suspend parliament as Brexit Day approached.<ref>Multiple references:
*Lane, Oliver JJ (August 28, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/08/28/british-government-to-suspend-parliament-for-five-weeks-outraging-anti-brexit-rebels/ British Government to Suspend Parliament For Five Weeks, Outraging Anti-Brexit Rebels]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
*Colchester, Max (August 28, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-k-s-johnson-to-ask-queen-to-suspend-parliament-making-no-deal-brexit-more-likely-11566985097 Boris Johnson Moves to Suspend Parliament, Making No-Deal Brexit More Likely]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
*Darrah, Nicole (August 28, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/boris-johnson-queen-suspend-parliament-brexit Boris Johnson asks queen to suspend Parliament to push through no-deal Brexit]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
*Rodrigo, Chris Mills (August 28, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/459076-johnson-asking-for-suspension-of-uk-parliament-to-push-through-brexit Johnson asks Queen to suspend UK Parliament ahead of Brexit deadline]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
*Murphy, James (August 28, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/33261-boris-johnson-plays-queen-card-monarch-agrees-to-shut-down-parliament-ahead-of-brexit Boris Johnson Plays Queen Card: Monarch Agrees to Shut Down Parliament Ahead of Brexit]. ''The New American''. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
See also:
*Friedman, Victoria (August 28, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/08/28/tin-pot-dictator-remainers-melt-down-over-bojo-suspending-parliament/ ‘Tin Pot Dictator’: Remainers Melt down over BoJo Suspending Parliament]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
*Axelrod, Tal (August 28, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/europe/459108-queen-agrees-to-suspend-parliament-as-johnson-seeks-to-deter-no Queen agrees to suspend UK Parliament as Johnson seeks to deter no-deal Brexit showdown]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
*Lane, Oliver JJ (August 28, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/08/28/its-official-suspension-of-uk-parliament-approved-by-queen-elizabeth-ii/ It’s Official: Suspension of UK Parliament Approved by Queen Elizabeth II]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
*Campisi, Jessica (September 10, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/europe/460642-johnson-suspends-uk-parliament-in-brexit-push Johnson suspends UK Parliament in Brexit push]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
*Lawless, Jill (September 10, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/1673b60fcc264a4ebaea2d08bb0bb05f Johnson suspends UK Parliament after latest Brexit defeat]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved September 10, 2019.</ref> He threatened to expel any Tory MP who voted to delay or block Brexit.<ref>Multiple references:
*Murphy, James (September 2, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/33296-boris-johnson-threatens-to-purge-tory-rebels-unless-they-get-on-board-his-brexit-train Boris Johnson Threatens to Purge Tory Rebels Unless They get on Board his Brexit Train]. ''The New American''. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
*Montgomery, Jack (September 2, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/02/ultimatum-tory-remain-mps-be-kicked-out-party-back-brexit-delay/ Ultimatum: Tory Remain MPs to Be Kicked Out of Party If They Back Brexit Delay]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
*Colchester, Max; Douglas, Jason (September 2, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/brexit-battle-lines-harden-as-lawmakers-prepare-for-parliamentary-showdown-11567432609 U.K.’s Johnson Brandishes Election in Bid to Stop Parliament From Foiling Brexit]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 2, 2019.</ref> Parliament voted to block a no-deal Brexit and Johnson followed through on his threat.<ref>Multiple references:
*Lane, Oliver JJ (September 4, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/04/bojo-purges-party-of-anti-brexit-rebel-former-ministers/ BoJo Purges Party of Anti-Brexit Rebel Former Ministers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
*[https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/04/brexit-delay-bill-passes-commons-johnson-tables-motion-election/ Brexit Delay Bill Passes in Commons, Johnson Tables Motion for Election]. ''Breitbart News'' (from the ''Associated Press''). September 4, 2019. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
See also:
*Delingpole, James (September 6, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/06/boris-has-drained-the-swamp-saved-the-conservatives/ Delingpole: Rejoice! Rejoice! Boris Johnson Has Drained the Swamp and Saved the Conservatives]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 6, 2019.</ref> While calling for a new election for two years, the Labor Party suddenly opposed holding a new election after Johnson announced his support for it.<ref>Multiple references:
*Murphy, James (September 5, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/33342-as-the-uk-turns-more-brexit-drama-delay-and-dithering-in-british-parliament As the U.K. Turns: More Brexit Drama, Delay, and Dithering in British Parliament]. ''The New American''. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
*Lane, Oliver JJ (September 4, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/04/would-turkeys-vote-for-christmas-why-mps-will-resist-boris-johnsons-snap-election/ Would Turkeys Vote For Christmas? Why MPs Will Resist Boris Johnson’s Snap Election]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
*Lane, Oliver JJ (September 4, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/04/after-years-of-demanding-an-election-labours-corbyn-refuses-vote-offered-by-boris-johnson/ After Years of Demanding an Election, Labour’s Corbyn Refuses Vote Offered by Boris Johnson]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
*Douglas, Jason (September 4, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-k-lawmakers-seek-to-delay-brexit-again-dealing-johnson-another-blow-11567602853 U.K. Lawmakers Foil Johnson With Votes to Delay Brexit and Bar Snap Election]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
*Lawless, Jill; Kirka, Danica (September 4, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/3539dba87ab343a8a7252bb0387addc3 Johnson’s Brexit plans in crisis after 3rd defeat in 2 days]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved September 4, 2019.</ref> Johnson continued voicing support for achieving Brexit,<ref>Multiple references:
*Lovell, Hunter (September 5, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/boris-johnson-on-delaying-brexit-id-rather-be-dead-in-a-ditch Boris Johnson on delaying Brexit: 'I'd rather be dead in a ditch']. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
*Hannon, Paul; Douglas, Jason (September 9, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/boris-johnson-insists-he-wants-a-brexit-deal-despite-no-deal-planning-11568037248 Boris Johnson Vows Oct. 31 Brexit as Law Rules Out No Deal, Election Bid Fails]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
*James, William; MacLellan, Kylie (September 9, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu/british-pm-johnson-tells-parliament-you-can-tie-my-hands-but-i-will-not-delay-brexit-idUSKCN1VU0PH British PM Johnson tells parliament: You can tie my hands, but I will not delay Brexit]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
*Friedman, Victoria (September 16, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/16/pm-johnson-stands-brexit-date-ahead-meeting-top-eurocrat/ PM Johnson Stands by Exit Date Ahead of Meeting with Top Eurocrat, Condemns MPs ‘Trying to Crush Brexit’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 16, 2019.</ref> and he refused to request a Brexit extension from the EU.<ref>Multiple references:
*Friedman, Victoria (September 7, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/07/defiant-johnson-will-not-ask-eu-brexit-delay-remainers-ready-take-pm-court/ Defiant Johnson ‘Will Not’ Ask EU for Brexit Delay, Remainers Ready to Take PM to Court]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
*Piper, Elizabeth (September 8, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu/sticking-to-brexit-plan-uks-johnson-will-not-seek-a-delay-idUSKCN1VT0BS Sticking to Brexit plan, UK's Johnson will not seek a delay]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
*Lane, Oliver JJ (September 9, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/09/future-of-october-31st-brexit-in-doubt-as-parliament-attempts-to-force-three-month-delay/ Future of October 31st Brexit In Doubt As Parliament Attempts to Force Three Month Delay]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
See also:
*Lane, Oliver JJ (September 9, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/09/parliament-votes-against-early-election-as-pm-boris-reaffirms-he-will-not-seek-brexit-extension/ Parliament Votes Against Early Election as PM Boris Reaffirms He Will Not Seek Brexit Extension]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 9, 2019.</ref> The UK Supreme Court, however, ruled against Johnson's parliamentary suspension on September 24, 2019.<ref>Multiple references:
*Lane, Oliver JJ (September 24, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/24/boris-johnson-suspended-parliament-unlawfully-uk-supreme-court-finds/ Boris Johnson Suspended Parliament Unlawfully, UK Supreme Court Finds]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
*Wallace, Danielle (September 24, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/boris-johnsons-suspension-of-parliament-ruled-unlawful-by-uk-supreme-court Boris Johnson's suspension of Parliament ruled unlawful by UK Supreme Court]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
*Douglas, Jason; Fidler, Stephen (September 24, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-k-court-rules-against-johnsons-freeze-on-parliament-11569318257 Boris Johnson Acted Illegally in Suspending Parliament, U.K.’s Highest Court Rules]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
See also:
*Friedman, Victoria (September 24, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/24/farage-prorogation-worst-political-decision-ever-reactions-supreme-court-ruling/ Farage Calls Prorogation ‘Worst Political Decision Ever’: Reactions to Supreme Court Ruling]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
*Delingpole, James (September 24, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/24/supreme-court-enemies-of-the-people-sabotage-brexit/ Delingpole: Judicial Enemies of the People Sabotage Brexit Again]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
*Delingpole, James (September 24, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/24/a-sinister-shadow-government-is-killing-brexit/ Delingpole: A Sinister, Nebulous Shadow Government Is Holding Brexit Hostage]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
*Hannan, Dan (September 26, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/boris-brexit-and-the-politicization-of-britains-judiciary Boris, Brexit and the politicization of Britain's judiciary]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved September 27, 2019.
Johnson's response after Parliament reconvened:
*Lane, Oliver JJ (September 25, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/25/bojo-throws-down-gauntlet-fight-election-or-ill-deliver-brexit/ PM Bojo Throws Down the Gauntlet to Remainers: Challenge me in an Election or I’ll Deliver Brexit]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
*Colchester, Max (September 25, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/british-leader-goads-rivals-to-end-his-rule-call-new-vote-11569443576 British Leader Goads Rivals to End His Rule, Call New Vote]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 25, 2019.</ref>

Despite pushing for Brexit, Johnson made the mistake of publicly disavowing and insulting [[Nigel Farage]] when he proposed forming an electoral coalition – and incident which illustrated that Johnson was not a political conservative.<ref>Multiple references:
*Lane, Oliver JJ (September 11, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/11/embattled-boris-slaps-down-farages-offer-of-help-not-fit-and-proper-persons/ Embattled Boris Slaps Down Farage’s Offer of Help: ‘Not Fit and Proper Persons’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
*Faulconbridge, Guy; James, William (September 11, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-farage/uk-pm-johnson-rules-out-farage-deal-despite-warning-of-electoral-kicking-idUSKCN1VW12Q UK PM Johnson rules out Farage deal despite warning of electoral 'kicking']. ''Reuters''. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
Later comments:
*[https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu-johnson-farage/pm-johnson-says-no-to-election-pact-with-brexit-party-idUSKBN1W82N1 PM Johnson says no to election pact with Brexit Party]. ''Reuters''. September 23, 2019. Retrieved September 23, 2019.
*Casalicchio, Emilio (September 23, 2019). [https://www.politico.eu/article/johnson-rejects-uk-election-pact-with-nigel-farage/ Johnson rejects UK election pact with Nigel Farage]. ''Politico''. Retrieved September 23, 2019.
*Montgomery, Jack; Lane, Oliver JJ (September 24, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/24/boris-refuses-farages-offer-of-an-electoral-pact-to-deliver-brexit/ Boris Refuses Farage’s Offer of an Electoral Pact to Deliver Brexit]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
See also:
*Delingpole, James (September 11, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/11/boris-johnson-should-not-be-attacking-nigel-farage/ Delingpole: Boris Attacking Farage Is a Foolish, Unforced Error]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
*Fridman, Victoria (September 13, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/09/13/spartans-call-johnson-reverse-rejection-farage-election-pact/ Brexit Spartans Call for Johnson to Reverse Rejection of Farage Election Pact]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 13, 2019.</ref>

Johnson announced a revised Brexit deal proposal on October 2, 2019.<ref>Multiple references:
*Colchester, Max; Douglas, Jason (October 2, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/boris-johnson-announces-last-ditch-brexit-proposal-11570014506 Boris Johnson Makes Last-Ditch Brexit Bid to EU]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
*Lawless, Jill; Kirka, Danica (October 2, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/04a5ab581a1747528024e94285b29c95 Boris Johnson: UK is offering Brexit ‘compromise’ to EU]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
*Piper, Elizabeth; James, William; MacLellan, Kylie (October 1, 2019). [hhttps://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu/pm-johnson-makes-final-brexit-offer-draws-guarded-welcome-from-eu-idUSKBN1WG4S8 PM Johnson makes final Brexit offer, draws guarded welcome from EU]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
See also:
*Friedman, Victoria (October 2, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/10/02/eu-rejects-boriss-politically-unacceptable-final-brexit-offer/ Europeans Reject Boris’s Politically ‘Unacceptable’ Final Brexit Offer]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-nireland/dup-deputy-leader-says-ireland-reaction-shows-backstop-a-trap-idUSKBN1WI1X7 DUP deputy leader says Ireland reaction shows backstop a trap]. ''Reuters''. October 3, 2019. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
*Zindulka, Kurt (October 14, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/10/14/lets-finish-this-off-boris-pitches-take-leave-last-ditch-brexit-deal/ ‘Let’s Finish This off’: Boris Pitches a Take it or Leave it, Last Ditch Brexit Deal]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
*Friedman, Victoria (October 22, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/10/22/boris-deal-uk-remains-subject-eu-court-rulings-brexit/ Boris Deal Means UK Subject to EU Court Rulings up to 3 Years After Brexit]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
*Gomez, Christian (October 22, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/33814-problems-with-boris-johnson-s-brexit-mirror-those-of-usmca Problems With Boris Johnson’s “Brexit” Mirror Those of USMCA]. ''The New American''. Retrieved October 22, 2019.</ref> On October 17, 2019, Johnson announced he had reached an agreement with the EU.<ref>Multiple references:
*Bydryk, Zack (October 17, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/europe/466223-boris-johnson-says-brexit-deal-between-uk-eu-reached Boris Johnson says Brexit deal between UK, EU reached]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
*Friedman, Victoria (October 17, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/10/17/weve-got-great-new-deal-brexit-treat-agreed-uk-eu/ ‘We’ve Got a Great New Deal’: Brexit Treaty Agreed by Boris Johnson and EU]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
*Darrah, Nicole (October 17, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/brexit-breakthrough-boris-johnson-deal-eu-vote Brexit breakthrough: Boris Johnson agrees 'great new deal' with EU; British MPs to vote Saturday]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
*Halaschak, Zachary (October 17, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/weve-got-a-great-deal-uk-and-eu-agree-to-brexit-deal 'We’ve got a great deal': UK and EU agree to Brexit deal]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
*Norman, Laurence; Colchester, Max (October 17, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/brexit-talks-are-dealt-a-blow-as-northern-irish-party-rejects-draft-11571294766 U.K., EU Agree on Draft Brexit Deal, Paving Way for Key Vote]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
*Casert, Raf; Lawless, Jill (October 17, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/e28aa5a31bc74a84844e7277821cf9b8 UK, EU reach tentative Brexit deal; still needs ratification]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
*Piper, Elizabeth; Chalmers, John (October 17, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu/britain-clinches-brexit-deal-johnson-now-faces-parliament-hurdle-idUSKBN1WW13M Britain clinches Brexit deal, Johnson now faces parliament hurdle]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
See also:
*Milliken, David; John, Mark (October 17, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-economy/uk-heading-for-fairly-hard-brexit-if-johnson-deal-passes-idUSKBN1WW2BO UK heading for 'fairly hard' Brexit if Johnson deal passes]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
*Herszenhorn, David M.; Barigazzi, Jacopo; Von der Burchard, Hans (October 17, 2019). [https://www.politico.eu/article/concessions-eu-led-brexit-deal/ 3 concessions by the EU that led to a Brexit deal]. ''Politico''. Retrieved October 19, 2019.</ref> The conservative Northern Irish [[Democratic Unionist Party]] announced it would oppose the proposed agreement,<ref>Multiple references:
*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-dup-statement-text/northern-irelands-dup-party-wont-support-new-brexit-deal-idUSKBN1WW1RA Northern Ireland's DUP party won't support new Brexit deal]. ''Reuters''. October 17, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-letwin-dup/northern-irelands-dup-say-they-will-use-every-strategy-to-seek-changes-to-brexit-deal-idUSKBN1WY0BZ Northern Ireland's DUP say they will use every strategy to seek changes to Brexit deal]. ''Reuters''. October 19, 2019. Retrieved October 19, 2019.</ref><ref name="PaisleyFarage">Lane, Oliver JJ; Montgomery, Jack (October 19, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/10/19/no-surrender-ian-paisley-nigel-farage-denounce-boriss-brexit-deal/ ‘No Surrender’ – Ian Paisley, Nigel Farage Denounce Boris’s Brexit Deal]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 19, 2019.</ref> and [[Brexit Party]] leader [[Nigel Farage]] also criticized it.<ref name="PaisleyFarage"/><ref>Multiple references:
*Friedman, Victoria (October 17, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/10/17/brexit-deal-reaction-not-brexit-farage-dup/ Farage Says New Deal Is ‘Just Not Brexit’ as DUP Says It Won’t Support It]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
*Friedman, Victoria (October 24, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/10/24/farage-treaty-not-brexit-urges-boris-drop-deal-partnership/ Farage Says Treaty ‘Is Not Brexit’, Tells Boris to Drop Deal and Agree Election Pact]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 24, 2019.</ref> On October 19, 2019, the House of Commons voted to delay the vote on the agreement and to delay Brexit if the agreement did not pass.<ref>Multiple references:
*Shaw, Adam (October 19, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/brexit-delay-vote-derailed Brexit vote derailed at last minute by rebel lawmakers; Boris Johnson pledges not to negotiate a delay]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
*Becker, Carlin (October 19, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/brexit-deal-on-hold-as-uk-parliament-votes-to-withhold-full-approval Anti-Brexit forces block UK Parliament vote on Boris Johnson deal with EU]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
*Colchester, Max; Douglas, Jason (October 19, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-k-parliament-poised-to-force-delay-on-critical-brexit-vote-11571484241 U.K. Parliament Defers Critical Vote, Likely Forcing Brexit Delay]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
*Lawless, Jill; Corder, Mike (October 19, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/1e0eeb157ec143b48cdcc1d6860ae493 UK lawmakers vote to delay final Brexit decision again]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
*[https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-50110601 Brexit: Johnson vows to press on despite defeat over deal delay]. ''BBC News''. October 19, 2019. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
*James, William, Piper, Elizabeth; MacLellan, Kylie (October 19, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu/johnson-defiant-after-british-parliament-votes-to-force-brexit-delay-idUSKBN1WX2M2 Johnson defiant after British parliament votes to force Brexit delay]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
*Frazin, Rachel (October 19, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/europe/466573-british-parliament-passes-amendment-to-delay-brexit-decision British Parliament passes amendment to delay Brexit decision]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 19, 2019.</ref> Later in the day, Johnson requested a Brexit extension despite promising not to take such an action.<ref>Multiple references:
*Montgomery, Jack (October 20, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/10/20/boris-sends-eu-letters-one-asking-for-brexit-delay-one-saying-he-doesnt-want-one/ Boris Sends EU Letters: One Asking for Brexit Delay, One Saying He Doesn’t Want One]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 20, 2019.
*Bowden, John (October 19, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/466599-uks-boris-johnson-reverses-requests-extension-of-brexit-deadline U.K.'s Boris Johnson reverses, requests extension of Brexit deadline]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
*Colchester, Max (October 19, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-k-parliament-poised-to-force-delay-on-critical-brexit-vote-11571484241 British Government Asks for EU Delay Amid Johnson Resistance]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
*Lawless, Jill; Casert, Raf (October 19, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/1e0eeb157ec143b48cdcc1d6860ae493 UK’s Johnson asks for Brexit delay, but argues against it]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
*Piper, Elizabeth (October 19, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu/uk-pm-sends-unsigned-letter-to-eu-asking-for-brexit-delay-idUSKBN1WY0Q9 UK PM sends unsigned letter to EU asking for Brexit delay]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
*Corder, Mike; Katz, Gregory (October 20, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/42d3b01c903b4427940edfebd51299e0 UK’s Johnson asks for a Brexit delay that he doesn’t want]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 20, 2019.
See also:
*MacLellan, Kylie; Sandle, Paul (October 19, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu/brexit-will-happen-on-october-31-despite-pms-unsigned-delay-request-uk-says-idUSKBN1WY0Q6 Brexit will happen on October 31 despite PM's unsigned delay request, UK says]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 20, 2019.</ref> On October 22, 2019, Parliament voted in favor of the Brexit deal but voted against Johnson's three-day schedule for giving the final approval of the deal.<ref>Multiple references:
*Lane, Oliver JJ (October 22, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/10/22/boris-johnsons-brexit-plan-delayed-as-parliament-votes-against-october-31st-timetable/ Boris Johnson’s Brexit Plan Delayed as Parliament Votes Against October 31st Timetable]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
*Colchester, Max; Douglas, Jason (October 22, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/boris-johnsons-brexit-deal-clears-vital-hurdle-in-parliament-11571768188 Johnson’s Brexit Deal Clears Hurdle in Parliament but His Timetable Is Rejected]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
*Lawless, Jill; Kirka, Danica (October 22, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa378c6a8b5e43c8812115fc8cee3974 Boris Johnson inches toward securing Brexit but delay likely]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 22, 2019.</ref> The EU subsequently granted yet another extension until January 31, 2020.<ref>Multple references:
*[https://www.foxnews.com/world/eu-allows-new-brexit-extension-uk-gets-more-time-to-negotiate-divorce EU allows new Brexit extension, UK gets more time to negotiate divorce]. ''Fox News''. October 28, 2019. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
*Norman, Laurence (October 28, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/eu-extends-brexit-deadline-until-jan-31-11572255175 EU Extends Brexit Deadline Until Jan. 31]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
*Petrequin, Samuel (October 28, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/dd63f54bee064ddda7435778490f4a45 EU grants Brexit delay to Jan. 31; UK ponders new election]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
*Baczynska, Gabriela; James, William (October 28, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu/eu-nations-agree-brexit-delay-until-january-31-as-pm-johnson-seeks-election-idUSKBN1X70NT EU nations agree Brexit delay until January 31 as PM Johnson seeks election]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
*Gstalter, Morgan (October 28, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/europe/467686-eu-pushes-brexit-deadline-back-to-jan-31 EU pushes Brexit deadline back to Jan. 31]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
See also:
*Montgomery, Jack (October 28, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/10/28/bojo-formally-accepts-brexit-delay-begs-eu-not-delay-again-2020/ Boris Formally Accepts Brexit Delay, Begs EU Not to Delay AGAIN in 2020]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>

On October 29, 2019, on its fourth attempt to do so in two months, the UK Parliament voted to hold an election on December 12.<ref>Multiple references:
*Lane, Oliver JJ (October 29, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/10/29/general-election-2019-parliament-approves-snap-vote-on-fourth-attempt/ General Election 2019: Parliament Approves Snap Vote on Fourth Attempt]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 29, 2019.
*Phillips, Morgan; Shaw, Adam (October 29, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/uk-parliament-agrees-to-dec-12-election-ahead-of-eus-new-brexit-deadline UK Parliament agrees to Dec. 12 election, ahead of EU's new Brexit deadline]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved October 29, 2019.
*Colchester, Max (October 29, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-k-opposition-to-back-boris-johnsons-call-for-election-11572347134 U.K. Parliament Authorizes December General Election]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 29, 2019.
*Lawless, Jill; Kirka, Danica (October 29, 2019). [https://apnews.com/5ff4178638ac407c8dfe5597f81b6c36 Brexit ballot: UK lawmakers back December 12 election]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 29, 2019.
*Faulconbridge, Guy; Piper, Elizabeth; James, William (October 29, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu/britain-set-for-december-12-election-to-break-the-brexit-deadlock-idUSKBN1X80QN Britain set for December 12 election to break the Brexit deadlock]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 29, 2019.</ref> Johnson rejected the possibility of a "no-deal" in his election manifesto.<ref>Multiple references:
*Friedman, Victoria (November 2, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/11/02/tory-manifesto-drop-no-deal-brexit-boris-blocks-farage-pact/ Conservative Election Manifesto Will Drop ‘Threat’ of No-Deal Brexit, Boris Blocks Farage Pact]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 2, 2019.
*Smout, Alistair; Melville, Toby (November 2, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-election/pm-johnson-rejects-calls-for-no-deal-brexit-in-election-pitch-idUSKBN1XC050 UK PM Johnson rejects calls for no-deal Brexit in election pitch]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved November 3, 2019.
See also:
*Friedman, Victoria (November 2, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/11/02/brexit-party-tories-deliberately-misrepresenting-our-peace-offering/ Brexit Party: Tories ‘Deliberately Misrepresenting’ Our Peace Offering]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 2, 2019.
*Davies, Andrew (November 19, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/nov/19/the-conservatives-plan-to-wreck-brexit-again/ The Conservatives' plan to wreck Brexit again]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved November 19, 2019.</ref> He also apologized for failing to deliver Brexit on time.<ref>Multiple references:
*Katz, Gregory (November 3, 2019). [https://apnews.com/f86ca911ae414f339d344471158da20a UK’s Boris Johnson apologizes for missing Brexit deadline]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved November 3, 2019.
*Coleman, Justin (November 3, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/europe/468741-uk-pm-apologizes-to-tory-party-for-missing-brexit-deadline UK PM apologizes to Tory party for missing Brexit deadline]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved November 3, 2019.</ref>

On December 20, 2019, after winning a significant majority in the House of Commons, Johnson's Brexit agreement passed initial approval by the body.<ref>Multiple references:
*Friedman, Victoria (December 20, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/12/20/boriss-brexit-bill-reportedly-gina-miller-proofed-set-pass-commons/ Boris’s Brexit Bill Reportedly ‘Gina Miller-Proofed’, Clears First Hurdle in Commons]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 20, 2019.
*Colchester, Max (December 20, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/british-parliament-votes-to-support-boris-johnsons-brexit-deal-11576852565 U.K. Parliament Backs Boris Johnson’s Brexit Deal, Clearing Major Hurdle]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 20, 2019.
*[https://www.theepochtimes.com/uk-on-track-for-jan-31-brexit-as-pm-johnson-wins-vote-on-deal_3180738.html UK on Track for Jan. 31 Brexit as PM Johnson Wins Vote on Deal]. ''The Epoch Times''. December 20, 2019. Retrieved December 20, 2019.
*Piper, Elizabeth; MacLellan, Kylie (December 19, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu/uk-on-track-for-january-31-brexit-as-pm-johnson-wins-vote-on-deal-idUSKBN1YN2SS UK on track for January 31 Brexit as PM Johnson wins vote on deal]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 20, 2019.
*Piper, Elizabeth; MacLellan, Kylie (December 19, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu/uk-on-track-for-jan-31-brexit-as-pm-johnson-wins-vote-on-deal-idUSKBN1YN2T5 UK on track for Jan. 31 Brexit as PM Johnson wins vote on deal]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved January 4, 2020.
*Lawless, Jill (December 20, 2019). [https://apnews.com/bdc908fb0074aaa27443a068cc219724 UK lawmakers OK Johnson’s Brexit bill, pave way to exit EU]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved December 20, 2019.
*Landler, Mark; Castle, Stephen (December 20, 2019). [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/20/world/europe/brexit-parliament.html U.K. Parliament Advances Brexit Bill in Lopsided Vote, All but Assuring January Exit]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved December 20, 2019.
See also:
*Friedman, Victoria (December 25, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/12/25/12-months-brexmas-1-election-2-prime-ministers-3-brexit-delays/ 12 Months of Brexmas: 1 Election, 2 Prime Ministers, 3 Brexit Delays…] ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
*Delingpole, James (December 25, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/12/25/delingpole-boris-johnson-and-donald-trump-have-made-christmas-great-again/ Delingpole: Boris Johnson and Donald Trump Have Made Christmas Great Again]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.</ref> On January 9, 2020, the House of Commons gave final approval of the agreement.<ref>Multiple references:
*Murphy, James (January 10, 2020). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/34592-brexit-deal-finally-passes-house-of-commons-uk-set-to-leave-the-eu-in-three-weeks Brexit Deal Finally Passes House of Commons; UK Set to Leave the EU in Three Weeks]. ''The New American''. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
*Colchester, Max (January 9, 2020). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-k-lawmakers-approve-brexit-bill-11578591123 U.K. Lawmakers Approve Brexit Bill]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
*Betz, Bradford (January 9, 2020). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/british-lawmakers-approve-brexit-bill British lawmakers approve Johnson's Brexit bill, clearing path for Jan. 31 EU departure]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
*Sheridan, Danielle; Yorke, Harry (January 9, 2020). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2020/01/09/brexit-news-latest-boris-johnson-labour-leadership-keir-starmer/ Brexit news latest: Boris Johnson's Withdrawal Agreement Bill passes final stage in Commons]. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
*Coleman, Justine (January 9, 2020). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/europe/477581-uk-lawmakers-agree-on-legislation-to-leave-the-eu-at-the-end-of UK lawmakers agree on legislation to leave EU at end of month]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
*Lane, Oliver JJ (January 9, 2020). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2020/01/09/just-1295-days-after-the-referendum-brexit-deal-finally-passes-house-of-commons/ Just 1,295 Days After the Referendum, Brexit Deal Finally Passes House of Commons]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu/uk-lawmakers-back-eu-exit-deal-turning-page-on-brexit-crisis-idUSKBN1Z81EO UK lawmakers back EU exit deal, turning page on Brexit crisis]. ''Reuters''. January 9, 2020. Retrieved January 9, 2020.</ref> The discussion then shifted to post-Brexit trade deal negotiations with the EU.<ref>Norman, Laurence; Fidler, Stephen (January 7, 2020). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/britain-moves-toward-brexit-as-clock-ticks-on-trade-deal-11578402004 Britain Moves Toward Brexit as Clock Ticks on Trade Deal]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved January 7, 2020.</ref>

===Other issues===
Upon becoming Prime Minister, Johnson advanced tough-on-crime policies, including hiring 20,000 new police officers.<ref>Multiple references:
*Friedman, Victoria (July 25, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/07/25/johnson-pledges-more-police-stop-search-punishments/ Johnson Pledges More Police, Increased Stop and Search, Harsher Punishments for Violent and Sex Crimes]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-crime/new-uk-pm-johnson-to-begin-hiring-20000-extra-police-officers-idUSKCN1UK34J New UK PM Johnson to begin hiring 20,000 extra police officers]. ''Reuters''. July 25, 2019. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
See also:
*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-johnson-security/uk-pm-backs-stop-and-search-power-says-will-create-10000-more-spaces-in-prisons-idUSKCN1V100W UK PM backs 'stop-and-search' power, says will create 10,000 more spaces in prisons]. ''Reuters''. August 10, 2019. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
*Markham, Joe (August 11, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/08/11/johnson-announces-new-stop-search-powers-police/ Johnson Announces Expanded Police Stop and Search, 20,000 New Officers, 10,000 Extra Prison Places]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 11, 2019.
*[https://www.apnews.com/74fd5615a1e642fe80a0912080987417 UK govt boosts prisons, police powers in crime clampdown]. ''Associated Press''. August 11, 2019. Retrieved August 11, 2019.
*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-johnson/uk-pm-johnson-orders-sentencing-review-for-dangerous-offenders-idUSKCN1V10LW UK PM Johnson orders sentencing review for dangerous offenders]. ''Reuters''. August 11, 2019. Retrieved August 11, 2019.</ref> However, he also advocated for a liberal immigration policy, including amnesty for illegal aliens,<ref>Lane, Oliver JJ (July 25, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/07/25/make-britain-great-again-boris-talks-up-illegals-amnesty-new-golden-age-for-united-kingdom/ Make Britain Great Again? Boris Talks up Illegals Amnesty, New ‘Golden Age’ For United Kingdom]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 25, 2019. See also:
*Montgomery, Jack (July 26, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/07/26/migration-watch-launches-petition-against-bojos-illegal-alien-amnesty/ Migration Watch Launches Petition Against BoJo’s Illegal Migrant Amnesty Proposal]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
*Lane, Oliver JJ (July 26, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/07/26/lane-boris-johnson-cant-win-the-love-of-the-bbc-by-giving-out-a-million-british-passports/ Lane: Boris Johnson Can’t Win the Love of the BBC By Giving Out a Million British Passports]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 26, 2019.</ref> and he abandoned a pledge to significantly reduce migration to the UK.<ref>Montgomery, Jack (July 25, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/07/25/red-flag-boris-drops-pledge-reduce-migration-from-hundreds-thousands-tens-thousands/ Red Flag: Boris SCRAPS Pledge to Reduce Migration ‘From Hundreds of Thousands to Tens of Thousands’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 25, 2019.</ref> However, Johnson promised to deport illegal migrants in the UK.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-migrants/uk-pm-johnson-says-britain-will-send-back-migrants-who-cross-channel-illegally-idUSKCN1VD1J7 UK PM Johnson says Britain will send back migrants who cross channel illegally]. ''Reuters''. August 23, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2019.</ref> In September 2019, Johnson relaxed rules for foreign students in the UK.<ref>https://www.ft.com/content/2f9deebe-d3e9-11e9-8367-807ebd53ab77</ref> During the 2019 election campaign, Johnson did not commit to capping immigration levels and labeled himself "pro-immigration."<ref>Montgomery, Jack (November 15, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/11/15/boris-declares-pro-immigration-will-not-commit-capping-it/ Boris Declares He Is ‘Pro-Immigration’, Will Not Commit to Capping It]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 15, 2019.</ref>

In September 2019, Johnson's government announced it would spend £600 million on promoting abortion and contraception internationally.<ref>Freiburger, Calvin (September 25, 2019). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/uk-announces-plan-to-spend-millions-promoting-abortion-contraception-abroad UK announces plan to spend millions promoting abortion, contraception abroad]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved September 25, 2019.</ref>

On November 2, 2019, Johnson's government imposed a moratorium on [[fracking]].<ref>Addison, Stephen; Smout, Alistair (November 1, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-fracking/in-seismic-shift-britain-orders-immediate-moratorium-on-fracking-idUSKBN1XC001 In seismic shift, Britain orders immediate moratorium on fracking]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved November 2, 2019. See also:
*Delingpole, James (November 3, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/11/03/delingpole-boris-caves-to-the-greenies-fracking-stupid/ Delingpole: Boris’s Surrender to the Greenies Is Fracking Stupid]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 3, 2019.</ref> His government also caved to the left-wing organization [[Extinction Rebellion]] and created a "climate change citizens' assembly."<ref>Friedman, Victoria (November 2, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/11/02/govt-forms-climate-assembly-uk-after-pressure-from-eco-extremist-group-extinction-rebellion/ Govt Forms ‘Climate Assembly UK’ After Pressure from Eco-Extremist Group Extinction Rebellion]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 2, 2019.</ref>

Johnson has voiced support to persecuted Christians in third-world countries.<ref>Multiple references:
*Friedman, Victoria (December 24, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/12/24/boris-johnson-corbyn-christmas-speeches-persecuted-christians-election-loss/ Boris’s Christmas Message Pays Tribute to Military, Corbyn Ruminates on Election Loss, ‘Inequality’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 24, 2019.
*Halon, Yael (December 25, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/boris-johnson-christmas-persecuted-christians Boris Johnson's Christmas message urges world to remember plight of persecuted Christians]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
See also:
*Klein, Philip (December 23, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/boris-johnson-nails-the-hanukkah-message-now-he-has-to-follow-through-on-combating-uk-anti-semitism Boris Johnson nails his Hanukkah message. Now he has to follow through on combating UK anti-Semitism]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved December 27, 2019.</ref>

In January 2020, Johnson announced the UK would raise its minimum wage.<ref>Zindulka, Kurt (January 2, 2020). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2020/01/02/biggest-cash-increase-ever-government-raise-minimum-wage-april/ ‘Biggest Cash Increase Ever’ as Government Set to Raise Minimum Wage in April]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 2, 2020.</ref>

==Political views==
Johnson holds a mix of conservative and liberal views,<ref>Lane, Oliver JJ (December 17, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/12/17/big-spending-pro-amnesty-boris-what-kind-conservative-pm-johnson/ Big Spending, Pro-Amnesty Boris: Brexit Aside, What Kind of ‘Conservative’ Will PM Johnson Be?] ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 17, 2019.</ref> and he has also changed positions on important issues.<ref>Friedman, Victoria (July 24, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/07/24/five-times-boris-johnson-flip-flopped-brexit-trump-immigration/ ‘Flip-Flop’ Johnson: Five Times Boris U-Turned on Brexit, the EU, and Trump]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 24, 2019.</ref> For example, he has been described as the "British [[Trump]]", though the several liberal positions he takes undermines such a comparison.<ref>Montgomery, Jack (July 23, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/07/23/boris-british-trump-not-so-fast/ Boris the British Trump? Not So Fast…] ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 23, 2019.</ref> He has made statements both supporting and opposing the EU during his career,<ref>Multiple references:
*MacAskill, Andrew (June 11, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-johnson-views-factbox/factbox-die-hard-eurosceptic-or-opportunist-boris-johnsons-views-on-the-eu-idUSKCN1TC1XK Factbox: Die-hard eurosceptic or opportunist? Boris Johnson's views on the EU]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved June 11, 2019.
*MacAskill, Andrew (July 23, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-leader-johnson-europe-fact/factbox-die-hard-eurosceptic-or-opportunist-boris-johnsons-views-on-the-eu-idUSKCN1UI19E Factbox: Die-hard eurosceptic or opportunist? Boris Johnson's views on the EU]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 23, 2019.</ref> though he strongly supported [[Brexit]] and the restoration of UK [[sovereignty]] in the 2016 referendum.

Johnson has taken [[open borders]] positions on immigration in the past.<ref>Friedman, Victoria (July 23, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/07/23/flashback-amnesty-johnson-illegals-open-borders-turkey-migration-caps/ Flashback: ‘Amnesty Boris’ on Illegals, Open Borders to Turkey, Migration Caps]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 23, 2019.</ref> However, he generally supports lower taxes.<ref>MacLellan, Kylie (July 23, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-leader-johnson-policies-fa/factbox-incoming-uk-pm-johnsons-stance-on-iran-trump-huawei-and-the-economy-idUSKCN1UI19G Factbox: Incoming UK PM Johnson's stance on Iran, Trump, Huawei and the economy]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 23, 2019.</ref>

Johnson announced during the 2008 US presidential campaign that he favored an [[Obama]] victory.<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/main.jhtml?xml=/opinion/2008/10/21/do2101.xml]</ref> He has relatively good relations with [[Donald Trump]],<ref>Multiple references:
*Spiering, Charlie (July 23, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/07/23/donald-trump-congratulates-boris-johnson-for-prime-minister-victory/ Donald Trump Congratulates Boris Johnson for Prime Minister Victory]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 23, 2019.
*Lane, Oliver JJ (July 23, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/07/23/trump-welcomes-prime-minister-boris-johnson-he-will-be-great/ Trump Welcomes Prime Minister Boris Johnson: ‘He Will Be Great!’] ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 23, 2019.
*Pitofsky, Marina (July 23, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/454336-trump-calls-boris-johnson-britain-trump-they-like-me-over-there Trump calls Boris Johnson 'Britain Trump': 'They like me over there']. ''The Hill''. Retrieved July 23, 2019.
*Frazin, Rachel (July 23, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/454260-trump-congratulates-boris-johnson-on-election-to-be-prime-minister Trump congratulates Boris Johnson: 'He will be great' prime minister]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved July 23, 2019.
*Holland, Steve (July 23, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-usa-trump-johnson/different-kind-of-guy-trump-sees-kindred-spirit-in-boris-johnson-idUSKCN1UI2EM 'Different kind of guy': Trump sees kindred spirit in Boris Johnson]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 23, 2019.</ref> though he also criticized President Trump in the past.<ref>Robert Mackey. June 6, 2017. [https://theintercept.com/2017/06/06/two-london-mayors-called-trumps-muslim-ban-ignorant-attacking-one/ "Two London Mayors Called Trump's Muslim Ban Wrong. Why Is He Only Attacking One?"]. ''The Intercept''. Retrieved July 25, 2019.</ref> He may have participated in world leaders' gossiping about President Trump behind his back at a 2019 NATO conference,<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/gutfeld-world-leaders-gossiping-trump</ref> though Gavin McInnes doubts the extent to which he participated.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SlDqL3jdVnA</ref>

Johnson is highly critical of [[Russia]]n president [[Vladimir Putin]]. When in March 2018 former Russian agent [[Sergei Skripal]] and his daughter Yulia were poisoned in [[Salisbury]], Johnson compared Russia's hosting of the [[World Cup]] to [[Adolf Hitler]]'s hosting of the [[Olympic Games]] in 1936.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/mar/21/boris-johnson-compares-russian-world-cup-to-hitlers-1936-olympics|title=Boris Johnson compares Russian World Cup to Hitler's 1936 Olympics|last=Wintour|first=Patrick|date=21 March 2018|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref>

Johnson takes left-wing positions on social issues, including abortion and same-sex "marriage."<ref>Multiple references:
*Van Maren, Jonathon (July 29, 2019). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/blogs/boris-johnson-new-uk-prime-minister-is-no-pro-life-or-conservative-hero Boris Johnson, new UK prime minister, is no pro-life or conservative hero]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved July 29, 2019.
*Smeaton, Paul (December 19, 2019). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/the-uk-has-elected-the-gayest-parliament-in-the-world-8-say-theyre-gay-or-bisexual The UK has elected the ‘gayest parliament in the world’: 8% say they’re gay or bisexual]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved December 19, 2019.</ref>

== References==
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{{UKPrimeMinisters}}

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[[Category:United Kingdom Prime Ministers]]
[[Category:British Politicians]]
[[Category:Conservatives]]
[[Category:Liberal Conservatism]]
[[Category:Members of Parliament]]
[[Category:Mayors]]
[[Category:Current Heads of Government]]
[[Category:Coronavirus]]

Talk:Racism

2020-04-09T00:19:13Z

Orbhouse: /* Obama's Ancestry? */ new section

I guess we need a definition of what is meant by "institutionalized", then. [[User:RobS|RobS]] 10:25, 16 March 2007 (EDT)

cut:

:Racism is <s>the process of making judgments based on race. Racism is making broad generalizations about a group of people based on perceived notions, (see [[prejudice]]) and then making such generalizations part of society.</s> prejudice and discrimination based on [[race]].

I'm using Diane Ravitch's definition, because it's shorter. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] 08:28, 10 May 2007 (EDT)

: Therefore, it can be hailed racist to say "Western civilization is the dominant global culture" or "America is far advanced than it's developing neighbor Mexico". The concept of what's racism is sketchy, liable and from hastened "jumping to conclusion" by those who seek to be victims. Its like in an era when the president of the USA is black, an African-American may claim he was a victim of legal institutional racism or the USA is a country hostile to black people. What about the American consumer doesn't mind if their products were made by Chinese or Asian people, a long way from the WWII era when white Americans thought the Japanese are terrible "crafty" cheap tin-can toy-makers. The problem is we can't tell what's racist anymore, or if it's meant to attack/insult/defame/offend/belittle any ethnic group of people. + [[User:Getitstraight|Getitstraight]] 15:55, 14 December 2009 (EST)

== Affirmative action ==

I've heard it say that affirmative action is racist, and to some point I agree with it, though only on a technicality. However, this is an opinion, not a fact, and as such should be cited and attributed, per the [[conservapedia:Commandments|Commandments]]. [[User:HelpJazz|Help]][[User talk:HelpJazz|Jazz]] 22:39, 8 October 2007 (EDT)

: Perhaps the 2008 real estate bubble burst was caused by housing loan companies giving houses to those who couldn't pay off their mortgages, in part was created by the Clinton administration's empty promises to give houses away to "all people", yet it was mostly black people and Latinos who were targeted for faulty home loans. The liberals and Democrats alike for decades wanted to make it easy for minorities to get homes, and the pressure to make up for past discrimination or racial segregation of housing tracts by having low-income blacks and Latinos (illegal immigrants) acquire homes not fully paid for. Also you still have middle-class whites who have a fear of "minorities" moving into suburbs, based on a belief that black people will bring in crime, drugs, blight, hostility and immorality into the suburbs (and now many blacks move out of the inner-cities to flee from Latinos). + [[User:Getitstraight|Getitstraight]] 16:00, 14 December 2009 (EST)

== Watchdog Groups ==

The quote from [[Laird Wilcox]] was rather unrelated to the subject. It dealt with a specific sub-group of persons dealing with racism in society, but within a larger context of watchdog groups. It changes the focus and the bent of the entire article, and I feel it is not helpful nor needed in this context.
[[User:JohnGalt|JohnGalt]] 15:35, 30 November 2007 (EST)

:"Given the Abuses?" I don't understand. That really doesn't seem like a valid excuse for altering that back. [[User:JohnGalt|JohnGalt]] 12:15, 3 December 2007 (EST)

::See Ann Coulter, ''Another Liberal Noose-ance'' [http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=22909&email] for a partial list of recent abuses. [[User:RobSmith|Rob Smith]] 14:28, 6 December 2007 (EST)

::: Are they found in Human Resources departments in the corporate workplace? or college professors wanting to teach the 1960s-era stance of racial minorities? More likely they are congressional lawmakers making federal "hate crimes" bills, like the recent one passed last Oct. made it a federal offense for an offender to commit hate crimes based on the victim's gender, sexual orientation and disability (if it's the factor of the given hate crime). Watchdog groups are like the fifth column for "stop the hate" and diversity activist organizations who assume people shouldn't talk about diversity, except the members in the organization group. Talk about putting a foot in its' mouth. + [[User:Getitstraight|Getitstraight]] 16:04, 14 December 2009 (EST)

== Gender, religion, etc. ==

I would like to remove mention of these as racism, although religion and race can be intertwined to the point of near inseparability. Discrimination based on gender and religion is bigotry, but not racism, just as discrimination based on race is not sexism. I mention this here because I don't want to revert Jpatt without discussion. [[User:Corry|Corry]] 23:08, 18 October 2008 (EDT)

: Prejudice comes in all forms, it is still bigoted for one to assume a person of a different race, gender, religion, class, country, etc. is "lower", "inferior" or "not quite human". What about criticism of [[Sarah Palin]]...is fueled by sexism? like one front cover of a Nov. 2009 [[Newsweek]] issue depicted her in a running suit? It offended many women readers, plus Sarah Palin disapproves Newsweek's decision to post her photo to down play her in a way she felt is sexist. + [[User:Getitstraight|Getitstraight]] 15:52, 14 December 2009 (EST)

==Liberal refusal to acknowledge white anti-racism==

I don't know why, but the trend these last 30+ years has been to refuse to acknowledge any white opposition to racism. Stowe's book is dismissed, and the lead character's name is used as an epithet (see "[[Uncle Tom]]"). ''Huckleberry Finn'' is dismissed as racist because the n-word appears in it hundreds of times (never mind about the story). "Song of the South" was removed from distribution.

What is wrong with showing blacks and whites having friendly relationships? Is it because it undermines the cause of [[Black separatism]]? --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] [[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]] 12:22, 12 December 2012 (EST)
:Wait, your idea of blacks and whites having "friendly relations" is ''Song of the South''? [[User:MattyD|MattyD]] 16:08, 12 December 2012 (EST)

== "Admired Hitler" ==

Hi, 
My apologies for coming down on you so hard last time you attempted to remove this comment, MattF. I hadn't done me research and seen that you were the one who added it. I assume I was distracted by other vandalism at the time, but in any case, I should have looked. --[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]]) 19:20, 16 October 2017 (EDT)

== Obama's Ancestry? ==

"Barack Obama has no bloodline tracing back to American blacks. Obama was raised by his white mother and white grandparents and has little in common with the attitudes and experiences of American blacks."
I'm not sure this is true. In July 2012, Ancestry.com found a strong likelihood that his (Obama's) mother, Stanley Ann Dunham was descended from John Punch, an enslaved African man who lived in the Colony of Virginia during the seventeenth century. And anyway, Obama's a black American himself, surely his "bloodline' doesn't matter? We really shouldn't be talking about ethnic purity and things like that, considering we're all against racism here. I mean, they say mixed-race people always do well for themselves (look at successful policians like Donald Trump - part German, Scottish, Slovenian/Czech by marriage - and Boris Johnson - part English, Russian, Turkish, Jewish, American, French, German, Polish).