Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Richard Mellon Scaife

2007-03-21T21:25:00Z

Orbison:

Richard Mellon Scaife is the owner of the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review who was critical of the Clinton Administration. He has been affiliated with right wing think tanks. His fortune derives from the Mellon family.

Scaife has supported the Heritage Foundation, the American Enterprise Institute, the American Spectator, the Center for Immigration Studies, the Center for Security Policy, the Center for Strategic and International Studies, the Committee for the Free World, the Committee on the Present Danger, the Ethics and Public Policy Center, the Federalist Society, the Foreign Policy Research Institute, Freedom House, the Heritage Foundation, the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, the Hudson Institute, the Institute for Advanced Strategic and Political Studies, the Institute on Religion and Democracy, the Institute on Religion and Public Life, the Jamestown Foundation, the Manhattan Institute, the National Endowment for Democracy, the National Institute for Public Policy, The National Interest, and the Philanthropy Roundtable.<ref>http://www.mediatransparency.org/scaifeaggregate.php</ref>

By compiling a computerized record of nearly all his contributions over the last four decades, The Washington Post found that Scaife and his family's charitable entities have given at least $340 million to conservative causes and institutions – about $620 million in current dollars, adjusted for inflation. The total of Scaife's giving – to conservatives as well as many other beneficiaries – exceeds $600 million, or $1.4 billion in current dollars, much more than any previous estimate.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/scaifemain050299.htm]</ref>

In the world of big-time philanthropy, there are many bigger givers. The Ford Foundation gave away $491 million in 1998 alone. But by concentrating his giving on a specific ideological objective for nearly 40 years, and making most of his grants with no strings attached, Scaife's philanthropy has had a disproportionate impact on the rise of the right, perhaps the biggest story in American politics in the last quarter of the 20th century.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/scaifemain050299.htm]</ref>

Scaife, like Olin, has also funded law and economics programs in colleges around the country.<ref>Sally Covington, Moving a Public Policy Agenda: The Strategic Philanthropy of Conservative Foundations, The National Committee for Responsive Philanthropy, July 1997</ref>

Scaife reportedly supports abortion rights<ref>http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/scaifemain050299.htm
</ref>

== References ==

<references/>

Richard Mellon Scaife

2007-03-21T20:53:02Z

Orbison:

Richard Mellon Scaife has been a key figure in conservative politics since the 1960s. Called by liberal pundit James Carville in 1999 “the archconservative godfather in [a] heavily funded war against [Clinton],” Scaife has helped bankroll the modern conservative movement. The Scaife Foundations include the Sarah Scaife Foundation, the Carthage Foundation, and the Allegheny Foundation. Financing for these foundations is largely drawn from the oil and banking holdings of the Mellon family. Scaife’s personal fortune is estimated by Forbes to be around $800 million. (13)

According to a 1999 Washington Post report, Scaife’s funding work has been central to the success of the conservative agenda in recent years:

"Scaife and his family’s charitable entities have given at least $340 million to conservative causes and
institutions—about $620 million in current dollars, adjusted for inflation. The total of Scaife’s giving—to conservatives as well as many other beneficiaries—exceeds $600 million, or $1.4 billion in current dollars, much more than any previous estimate.

In the world of big-time philanthropy, there are many bigger givers. The Ford Foundation gave away $491 million in 1998 alone. But by concentrating his giving on a specific ideological objective for nearly 40 years, and making most of his grants with no strings attached, Scaife’s philanthropy has had a disproportionate impact on the rise of the right, perhaps the biggest story in American politics in the last quarter of the 20th century."

The Post credits Robert Duggan with getting Scaife interested in politics while he was a student at the University of Pittsburgh in the mid-1950s. Duggan, who was then dating Scaife’s sister Cordelia, apparently convinced Scaife to run for the post of committeeman in Allegheny County. Relations between the two soured when, as the county’s third-term district attorney, Duggan was accused of making deals with “criminal elements” and accepting bribes. Duggan was eventually indicted on tax fraud in 1974. The day the ruling against Duggan came out, he was found dead from a shotgun wound. Cordelia initially suspected that her brother was involved in the death and permanently severed relations with him. (4)

According to the Post, Scaife’s funding activities began in 1962, when he gave several grants to various organizations, including the American Bar Association’s Fund for Public Education for “education against communism.” Scaife soon developed funding relations with the American Enterprise Institute, the Hoover Institution, and Georgetown University’s Center for Strategic and International Studies.

Scaife began funding the Heritage Foundation in 1974, the year the organization was created. He has served as a member of the board of trustees since 1985 and is currently vice chairman. Scaife was pivotal in providing the seed money for this think tank. He gave at least twice as much as beer magnate Joseph Coors (who donated $250,000) during Heritage’s first two years. (1) (3) (6)

Initially interested in buying media outlets and funding political campaigns, Scaife early on shifted to funding the leading organizations of the “New Right.” According to some observers, this shift may have been due to Scaife’s lack of success in the publishing world. (6) Scaife bought a variety of newspapers in the 1960s and early 1970s, most of which were in Pennsylvania. His first media purchase was the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, which he bought in 1969 for $5 million, when he was 37. According to the Post, however, it was Scaife’s disillusionment with Richard Nixon that convinced him to devote his energies (and wealth) to organizations. (4)

Reports the Post:

"His experience with Nixon, according to several associates, persuaded him to invest his hopes and his money in conservative institutions and ideas, not politicians. Though he has continued to give thousands to political campaigns and political action committees, his interest in electoral politics receded." (4)

The organizations and publications Scaife has funded include the American Enterprise Institute, the American Spectator, the Center for Immigration Studies, the Center for Security Policy, the Center for Strategic and International Studies, the Committee for the Free World, the Committee on the Present Danger, the Ethics and Public Policy Center, the Federalist Society, the Foreign Policy Research Institute, Freedom House, the Heritage Foundation, the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, the Hudson Institute, the Institute for Advanced Strategic and Political Studies, the Institute on Religion and Democracy, the Institute on Religion and Public Life, the Jamestown Foundation, the Manhattan Institute, the National Endowment for Democracy, the National Institute for Public Policy, The National Interest, and the Philanthropy Roundtable. (7)

Scaife, like Olin, has also funded law and economics programs in colleges around the country. (8)

Scaife reportedly supports abortion rights and is protectionist when it comes to immigration and trade issues. However, many of the organizations he has supported have promoted opposing views on these subjects, including the Institute on Religion and Public Life and the Manhattan Institute. (3)

Some observers have argued that Scaife is prone to conspiracy theories, which might account in part for his support of the Arkansas Project, the right-wing campaign to “uncover” the covert activities of Bill Clinton while he was governor and president. Scaife told John F. Kennedy Jr., former owner and publisher of George magazine:

"Listen, [Clinton] can order people done away with at his will. He’s got the entire federal government behind him. … God, there must be 60 people [associated with Bill Clinton] who have died mysteriously." (3)

Scaife has traditionally shunned the media and typically declines to be interviewed. His few run-ins with the media have been ugly, like for example his notorious interview with Karen Rothmeyer in 1981. When she asked Scaife about his conservative funding practices, he called Rothmeyer a “fucking Communist cunt.” (6)

Reporting on this episode in his 2003 book Lies (And the Lying Liars Who Tell Them), liberal comedian Al Franken writes:

"[Scaife] went on to tell her that she was ugly and that her teeth were ‘terrible.’ Of Ms. Rothmeyer’s mother, who was not present, he said, ‘She’s ugly, too.’ Sensing that it was time to wrap up the interview, Ms. Rothmeyer thanked Scaife for his time. He bade her farewell with a cheery ‘Don’t look behind you.’" (9)

Scaife has not been shy to use his minor media empire for political ends. According to Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting:

"In the final days of the 2000 presidential campaign, Pittsburgh Tribune-Review publisher Richard Mellon Scaife, a longtime conservative activist, ordered all photographs and prominent mentions of Democratic presidential candidate Al Gore removed from the front page of the paper. As a result, the paper’s pre-election Sunday edition had a front page featuring George W. Bush in every campaign-related headline and photograph. A story about a Gore rally held in Pittsburgh, originally slated to run alongside a Bush piece on the front page, was moved to the inside of the paper. According to an account in the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, Tribune-Review managing editor Robert Fryer ‘tried to dissuade Scaife but was overruled.’" (10) (11)

Institutional Affiliations
# Heritage Foundation : Trustee (1985-current) (1)
# Hoover Institution : Member of the Board of Directors (1)
# Committee on the Present Danger : Funder (1985-1989) (2)
# Sarah Scaife Foundation : Chairman (1973-current) (1) (6)
# The Allegheny Foundation : Chairman (1973-current) (1) (6)
# Carthage Foundation : Chairman (1973-current) (1) (6)
# Pittsburgh World Affairs Council : Member of the Board of Directors (1)
# Pepperdine University : Member of the Board of Directors (1)

Government Posts/Panels/Commissions
# U.S. Advisory Commission for Public Diplomacy : Former Member (1984-1990) (4)

Corporate Connections/Business Interests
# Tribune-Review Publishing Co., Inc. : Vice-Chairman, Publisher and Owner (1)
# Tribune-Review : Owner and Chairman of the Board (1)
# Sacramento Union : Former Owner (1977-1989) (12)
# First Boston Corporation : Stockholder and Board Member (6)

Education
# University of Pittsburgh : Degree unknown (1957) (4)
# Yale University : No degree earned (4) (6)
Sources

(1) Heritage Foundation Board of Trustees
http://www.heritage.org/About/Departments/trustees.cfm

(2) Media Transparency: Committee on the Present Danger http://www.mediatransparency.org/search_results/info_on_any_recipient.php?recipientID=1779

(3) Robert G. Kaiser and Ira Chinoy, “Scaife: Funding Father of the Right,” The Washington Post, May 2, 1999
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/scaifemain050299.htm

(4) Robert G. Kaiser, “Money, Family Name Shaped Scaife,” The Washington Post, May 3, 1999 http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/scaifemain050399.htm

(5) Iver Peterson, “In a Battle of Newspapers, a Conservative Spends Liberally,” The New York Times, December 8, 1997

(6) Karen Rothmeyer, “Citizen Scaife,” Columbia Journalism Review, July/August 1981 http://archives.cjr.org/year/81/4/scaife.asp

(7) Mediatransparency: Aggregated Scaife Grants
http://www.mediatransparency.org/scaifeaggregate.php

(8) Sally Covington, Moving a Public Policy Agenda: The Strategic Philanthropy of Conservative Foundations, The National Committee for Responsive Philanthropy, July 1997

(9) Al Franken, Lies (And the Lying Liars Who Tell Them) (New York: Dutton, 2003) http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0525947647/qid=1070375663/sr=2-1/ref=sr_2_1/103-1853879-8145446

(10) Fairness & Accuracy In Reporting: Fear & Favor 2000: How Power Shapes the News http://www.fair.org/ff2000.html

(11) Dennis B. Roddy, “Tribune-Review’s Election Coverage Gores Vice President’s Campaign,” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, November 8, 2000

(12) Robert B. Gunnison, “Sacramento Union Says It Will Stop Publishing Historic paper closing down after 142 years,” The San Francisco Chronicle, January 13, 1994

(13) From the Feeding Trough, cited on Mediatransparency.org http://www.mediatransparency.org/funderprofile.php?funderID=3

Richard Mellon Scaife

2007-03-21T20:46:58Z

Orbison:

Richard Mellon Scaife has been a key figure in conservative politics since the 1960s. Called by liberal pundit James Carville in 1999 “the archconservative godfather in [a] heavily funded war against [Clinton],” Scaife has helped bankroll the modern conservative movement. The Scaife Foundations include the Sarah Scaife Foundation, the Carthage Foundation, and the Allegheny Foundation. Financing for these foundations is largely drawn from the oil and banking holdings of the Mellon family. Scaife’s personal fortune is estimated by Forbes to be around $800 million. (13)

According to a 1999 Washington Post report, Scaife’s funding work has been central to the success of the conservative agenda in recent years:

Scaife and his family’s charitable entities have given at least $340 million to conservative causes and institutions—about $620 million in current dollars, adjusted for inflation. The total of Scaife’s giving—to conservatives as well as many other beneficiaries—exceeds $600 million, or $1.4 billion in current dollars, much more than any previous estimate.

In the world of big-time philanthropy, there are many bigger givers. The Ford Foundation gave away $491 million in 1998 alone. But by concentrating his giving on a specific ideological objective for nearly 40 years, and making most of his grants with no strings attached, Scaife’s philanthropy has had a disproportionate impact on the rise of the right, perhaps the biggest story in American politics in the last quarter of the 20th century.

The Post credits Robert Duggan with getting Scaife interested in politics while he was a student at the University of Pittsburgh in the mid-1950s. Duggan, who was then dating Scaife’s sister Cordelia, apparently convinced Scaife to run for the post of committeeman in Allegheny County. Relations between the two soured when, as the county’s third-term district attorney, Duggan was accused of making deals with “criminal elements” and accepting bribes. Duggan was eventually indicted on tax fraud in 1974. The day the ruling against Duggan came out, he was found dead from a shotgun wound. Cordelia initially suspected that her brother was involved in the death and permanently severed relations with him. (4)

According to the Post, Scaife’s funding activities began in 1962, when he gave several grants to various organizations, including the American Bar Association’s Fund for Public Education for “education against communism.” Scaife soon developed funding relations with the American Enterprise Institute, the Hoover Institution, and Georgetown University’s Center for Strategic and International Studies.

Scaife began funding the Heritage Foundation in 1974, the year the organization was created. He has served as a member of the board of trustees since 1985 and is currently vice chairman. Scaife was pivotal in providing the seed money for this think tank. He gave at least twice as much as beer magnate Joseph Coors (who donated $250,000) during Heritage’s first two years. (1) (3) (6)

Initially interested in buying media outlets and funding political campaigns, Scaife early on shifted to funding the leading organizations of the “New Right.” According to some observers, this shift may have been due to Scaife’s lack of success in the publishing world. (6) Scaife bought a variety of newspapers in the 1960s and early 1970s, most of which were in Pennsylvania. His first media purchase was the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, which he bought in 1969 for $5 million, when he was 37. According to the Post, however, it was Scaife’s disillusionment with Richard Nixon that convinced him to devote his energies (and wealth) to organizations. (4)

Reports the Post:

His experience with Nixon, according to several associates, persuaded him to invest his hopes and his money in conservative institutions and ideas, not politicians. Though he has continued to give thousands to political campaigns and political action committees, his interest in electoral politics receded. (4)

The organizations and publications Scaife has funded include the American Enterprise Institute, the American Spectator, the Center for Immigration Studies, the Center for Security Policy, the Center for Strategic and International Studies, the Committee for the Free World, the Committee on the Present Danger, the Ethics and Public Policy Center, the Federalist Society, the Foreign Policy Research Institute, Freedom House, the Heritage Foundation, the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, the Hudson Institute, the Institute for Advanced Strategic and Political Studies, the Institute on Religion and Democracy, the Institute on Religion and Public Life, the Jamestown Foundation, the Manhattan Institute, the National Endowment for Democracy, the National Institute for Public Policy, The National Interest, and the Philanthropy Roundtable. (7)

Scaife, like Olin, has also funded law and economics programs in colleges around the country. (8)

Scaife reportedly supports abortion rights and is protectionist when it comes to immigration and trade issues. However, many of the organizations he has supported have promoted opposing views on these subjects, including the Institute on Religion and Public Life and the Manhattan Institute. (3)

Some observers have argued that Scaife is prone to conspiracy theories, which might account in part for his support of the Arkansas Project, the right-wing campaign to “uncover” the covert activities of Bill Clinton while he was governor and president. Scaife told John F. Kennedy Jr., former owner and publisher of George magazine:

Listen, [Clinton] can order people done away with at his will. He’s got the entire federal government behind him. … God, there must be 60 people [associated with Bill Clinton] who have died mysteriously. (3)

Scaife has traditionally shunned the media and typically declines to be interviewed. His few run-ins with the media have been ugly, like for example his notorious interview with Karen Rothmeyer in 1981. When she asked Scaife about his conservative funding practices, he called Rothmeyer a “fucking Communist cunt.” (6)

Reporting on this episode in his 2003 book Lies (And the Lying Liars Who Tell Them), liberal comedian Al Franken writes:

[Scaife] went on to tell her that she was ugly and that her teeth were ‘terrible.’ Of Ms. Rothmeyer’s mother, who was not present, he said, ‘She’s ugly, too.’ Sensing that it was time to wrap up the interview, Ms. Rothmeyer thanked Scaife for his time. He bade her farewell with a cheery ‘Don’t look behind you.’ (9)

Scaife has not been shy to use his minor media empire for political ends. According to Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting:

In the final days of the 2000 presidential campaign, Pittsburgh Tribune-Review publisher Richard Mellon Scaife, a longtime conservative activist, ordered all photographs and prominent mentions of Democratic presidential candidate Al Gore removed from the front page of the paper. As a result, the paper’s pre-election Sunday edition had a front page featuring George W. Bush in every campaign-related headline and photograph. A story about a Gore rally held in Pittsburgh, originally slated to run alongside a Bush piece on the front page, was moved to the inside of the paper. According to an account in the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, Tribune-Review managing editor Robert Fryer ‘tried to dissuade Scaife but was overruled.’ (10) (11)

Institutional Affiliations
# Heritage Foundation : Trustee (1985-current) (1)
# Hoover Institution : Member of the Board of Directors (1)
# Committee on the Present Danger : Funder (1985-1989) (2)
# Sarah Scaife Foundation : Chairman (1973-current) (1) (6)
# The Allegheny Foundation : Chairman (1973-current) (1) (6)
# Carthage Foundation : Chairman (1973-current) (1) (6)
# Pittsburgh World Affairs Council : Member of the Board of Directors (1)
# Pepperdine University : Member of the Board of Directors (1)

Government Posts/Panels/Commissions
# U.S. Advisory Commission for Public Diplomacy : Former Member (1984-1990) (4)

Corporate Connections/Business Interests
# Tribune-Review Publishing Co., Inc. : Vice-Chairman, Publisher and Owner (1)
# Tribune-Review : Owner and Chairman of the Board (1)
# Sacramento Union : Former Owner (1977-1989) (12)
# First Boston Corporation : Stockholder and Board Member (6)

Education
# University of Pittsburgh : Degree unknown (1957) (4)
# Yale University : No degree earned (4) (6)
Sources

(1) Heritage Foundation Board of Trustees
http://www.heritage.org/About/Departments/trustees.cfm

(2) Media Transparency: Committee on the Present Danger http://www.mediatransparency.org/search_results/info_on_any_recipient.php?recipientID=1779

(3) Robert G. Kaiser and Ira Chinoy, “Scaife: Funding Father of the Right,” The Washington Post, May 2, 1999
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/scaifemain050299.htm

(4) Robert G. Kaiser, “Money, Family Name Shaped Scaife,” The Washington Post, May 3, 1999 http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/scaifemain050399.htm

(5) Iver Peterson, “In a Battle of Newspapers, a Conservative Spends Liberally,” The New York Times, December 8, 1997

(6) Karen Rothmeyer, “Citizen Scaife,” Columbia Journalism Review, July/August 1981 http://archives.cjr.org/year/81/4/scaife.asp

(7) Mediatransparency: Aggregated Scaife Grants
http://www.mediatransparency.org/scaifeaggregate.php

(8) Sally Covington, Moving a Public Policy Agenda: The Strategic Philanthropy of Conservative Foundations, The National Committee for Responsive Philanthropy, July 1997

(9) Al Franken, Lies (And the Lying Liars Who Tell Them) (New York: Dutton, 2003) http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0525947647/qid=1070375663/sr=2-1/ref=sr_2_1/103-1853879-8145446

(10) Fairness & Accuracy In Reporting: Fear & Favor 2000: How Power Shapes the News http://www.fair.org/ff2000.html

(11) Dennis B. Roddy, “Tribune-Review’s Election Coverage Gores Vice President’s Campaign,” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, November 8, 2000

(12) Robert B. Gunnison, “Sacramento Union Says It Will Stop Publishing Historic paper closing down after 142 years,” The San Francisco Chronicle, January 13, 1994

(13) From the Feeding Trough, cited on Mediatransparency.org http://www.mediatransparency.org/funderprofile.php?funderID=3

Richard Mellon Scaife

2007-03-21T20:46:00Z

Orbison: New page: Richard Mellon Scaife has been a key figure in conservative politics since the 1960s. Called by liberal pundit James Carville in 1999 “the archconservative godfather in [a] heavily funde...

Richard Mellon Scaife has been a key figure in conservative politics since the 1960s. Called by liberal pundit James Carville in 1999 “the archconservative godfather in [a] heavily funded war against [Clinton],” Scaife has helped bankroll the modern conservative movement. The Scaife Foundations include the Sarah Scaife Foundation, the Carthage Foundation, and the Allegheny Foundation. Financing for these foundations is largely drawn from the oil and banking holdings of the Mellon family. Scaife’s personal fortune is estimated by Forbes to be around $800 million. (13)

According to a 1999 Washington Post report, Scaife’s funding work has been central to the success of the conservative agenda in recent years:

Scaife and his family’s charitable entities have given at least $340 million to conservative causes and institutions—about $620 million in current dollars, adjusted for inflation. The total of Scaife’s giving—to conservatives as well as many other beneficiaries—exceeds $600 million, or $1.4 billion in current dollars, much more than any previous estimate.

In the world of big-time philanthropy, there are many bigger givers. The Ford Foundation gave away $491 million in 1998 alone. But by concentrating his giving on a specific ideological objective for nearly 40 years, and making most of his grants with no strings attached, Scaife’s philanthropy has had a disproportionate impact on the rise of the right, perhaps the biggest story in American politics in the last quarter of the 20th century.

The Post credits Robert Duggan with getting Scaife interested in politics while he was a student at the University of Pittsburgh in the mid-1950s. Duggan, who was then dating Scaife’s sister Cordelia, apparently convinced Scaife to run for the post of committeeman in Allegheny County. Relations between the two soured when, as the county’s third-term district attorney, Duggan was accused of making deals with “criminal elements” and accepting bribes. Duggan was eventually indicted on tax fraud in 1974. The day the ruling against Duggan came out, he was found dead from a shotgun wound. Cordelia initially suspected that her brother was involved in the death and permanently severed relations with him. (4)

According to the Post, Scaife’s funding activities began in 1962, when he gave several grants to various organizations, including the American Bar Association’s Fund for Public Education for “education against communism.” Scaife soon developed funding relations with the American Enterprise Institute, the Hoover Institution, and Georgetown University’s Center for Strategic and International Studies.

Scaife began funding the Heritage Foundation in 1974, the year the organization was created. He has served as a member of the board of trustees since 1985 and is currently vice chairman. Scaife was pivotal in providing the seed money for this think tank. He gave at least twice as much as beer magnate Joseph Coors (who donated $250,000) during Heritage’s first two years. (1) (3) (6)

Initially interested in buying media outlets and funding political campaigns, Scaife early on shifted to funding the leading organizations of the “New Right.” According to some observers, this shift may have been due to Scaife’s lack of success in the publishing world. (6) Scaife bought a variety of newspapers in the 1960s and early 1970s, most of which were in Pennsylvania. His first media purchase was the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, which he bought in 1969 for $5 million, when he was 37. According to the Post, however, it was Scaife’s disillusionment with Richard Nixon that convinced him to devote his energies (and wealth) to organizations. (4)

Reports the Post:

His experience with Nixon, according to several associates, persuaded him to invest his hopes and his money in conservative institutions and ideas, not politicians. Though he has continued to give thousands to political campaigns and political action committees, his interest in electoral politics receded. (4)

The organizations and publications Scaife has funded include the American Enterprise Institute, the American Spectator, the Center for Immigration Studies, the Center for Security Policy, the Center for Strategic and International Studies, the Committee for the Free World, the Committee on the Present Danger, the Ethics and Public Policy Center, the Federalist Society, the Foreign Policy Research Institute, Freedom House, the Heritage Foundation, the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, the Hudson Institute, the Institute for Advanced Strategic and Political Studies, the Institute on Religion and Democracy, the Institute on Religion and Public Life, the Jamestown Foundation, the Manhattan Institute, the National Endowment for Democracy, the National Institute for Public Policy, The National Interest, and the Philanthropy Roundtable. (7)

Scaife, like Olin, has also funded law and economics programs in colleges around the country. (8)

Scaife reportedly supports abortion rights and is protectionist when it comes to immigration and trade issues. However, many of the organizations he has supported have promoted opposing views on these subjects, including the Institute on Religion and Public Life and the Manhattan Institute. (3)

Some observers have argued that Scaife is prone to conspiracy theories, which might account in part for his support of the Arkansas Project, the right-wing campaign to “uncover” the covert activities of Bill Clinton while he was governor and president. Scaife told John F. Kennedy Jr., former owner and publisher of George magazine:

Listen, [Clinton] can order people done away with at his will. He’s got the entire federal government behind him. … God, there must be 60 people [associated with Bill Clinton] who have died mysteriously. (3)

Scaife has traditionally shunned the media and typically declines to be interviewed. His few run-ins with the media have been ugly, like for example his notorious interview with Karen Rothmeyer in 1981. When she asked Scaife about his conservative funding practices, he called Rothmeyer a “fucking Communist cunt.” (6)

Reporting on this episode in his 2003 book Lies (And the Lying Liars Who Tell Them), liberal comedian Al Franken writes:

[Scaife] went on to tell her that she was ugly and that her teeth were ‘terrible.’ Of Ms. Rothmeyer’s mother, who was not present, he said, ‘She’s ugly, too.’ Sensing that it was time to wrap up the interview, Ms. Rothmeyer thanked Scaife for his time. He bade her farewell with a cheery ‘Don’t look behind you.’ (9)

Scaife has not been shy to use his minor media empire for political ends. According to Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting:

In the final days of the 2000 presidential campaign, Pittsburgh Tribune-Review publisher Richard Mellon Scaife, a longtime conservative activist, ordered all photographs and prominent mentions of Democratic presidential candidate Al Gore removed from the front page of the paper. As a result, the paper’s pre-election Sunday edition had a front page featuring George W. Bush in every campaign-related headline and photograph. A story about a Gore rally held in Pittsburgh, originally slated to run alongside a Bush piece on the front page, was moved to the inside of the paper. According to an account in the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, Tribune-Review managing editor Robert Fryer ‘tried to dissuade Scaife but was overruled.’ (10) (11)

Institutional Affiliations
# Heritage Foundation : Trustee (1985-current) (1)
# Hoover Institution : Member of the Board of Directors (1)
# Committee on the Present Danger : Funder (1985-1989) (2)
# Sarah Scaife Foundation : Chairman (1973-current) (1) (6)
# The Allegheny Foundation : Chairman (1973-current) (1) (6)
# Carthage Foundation : Chairman (1973-current) (1) (6)
# Pittsburgh World Affairs Council : Member of the Board of Directors (1)
# Pepperdine University : Member of the Board of Directors (1)

Government Posts/Panels/Commissions
# U.S. Advisory Commission for Public Diplomacy : Former Member (1984-1990) (4)

Corporate Connections/Business Interests
# Tribune-Review Publishing Co., Inc. : Vice-Chairman, Publisher and Owner (1)
# Tribune-Review : Owner and Chairman of the Board (1)
# Sacramento Union : Former Owner (1977-1989) (12)
# First Boston Corporation : Stockholder and Board Member (6)

Education
# University of Pittsburgh : Degree unknown (1957) (4)
# Yale University : No degree earned (4) (6)
Sources

(1) Heritage Foundation Board of Trustees
http://www.heritage.org/About/Departments/trustees.cfm

(2) Media Transparency: Committee on the Present Danger http://www.mediatransparency.org/search_results/info_on_any_recipient.php?recipientID=1779

(3) Robert G. Kaiser and Ira Chinoy, “Scaife: Funding Father of the Right,” The Washington Post, May 2, 1999
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/scaifemain050299.htm

(4) Robert G. Kaiser, “Money, Family Name Shaped Scaife,” The Washington Post, May 3, 1999 http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/scaifemain050399.htm

(5) Iver Peterson, “In a Battle of Newspapers, a Conservative Spends Liberally,” The New York Times, December 8, 1997

(6) Karen Rothmeyer, “Citizen Scaife,” Columbia Journalism Review, July/August 1981 http://archives.cjr.org/year/81/4/scaife.asp

(7) Mediatransparency: Aggregated Scaife Grants
http://www.mediatransparency.org/scaifeaggregate.php

(8) Sally Covington, Moving a Public Policy Agenda: The Strategic Philanthropy of Conservative Foundations, The National Committee for Responsive Philanthropy, July 1997

(9) Al Franken, Lies (And the Lying Liars Who Tell Them) (New York: Dutton, 2003) http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0525947647/qid=1070375663/sr=2-1/ref=sr_2_1/103-1853879-8145446

(10) Fairness & Accuracy In Reporting: Fear & Favor 2000: How Power Shapes the News http://www.fair.org/ff2000.html

(11) Dennis B. Roddy, “Tribune-Review’s Election Coverage Gores Vice President’s Campaign,” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, November 8, 2000

(12) Robert B. Gunnison, “Sacramento Union Says It Will Stop Publishing Historic paper closing down after 142 years,” The San Francisco Chronicle, January 13, 1994

(13) From the Feeding Trough, cited on Mediatransparency.org http://www.mediatransparency.org/funderprofile.php?funderID=3

Al Gore

2007-03-21T20:41:56Z

Orbison: /* Criticism */

Albert "Al" Gore was the 45th Vice President of the [[United States]](1993-2001), following service in the [[House of Representatives]] and the [[Senate]], spanning 1977-85 and 1985-93, respectively.
==Before Politics==
In his early life, Al Gore attended [[Harvard University]], served in the [[United States Army]], and worked as a journalist.
==Senate==
In his Senate career, he proposed bills to fund the Internet and chaired panels on environmental issues. In 1992 he wrote "Earth in the Balance" and in May 2007 another of his books is set to be published, "Assault on Reason."
==Campaign for the Presidency==
As is custom, he was nominated to the [[Democratic]] ticket for the 2000 Presidential election. Gore lost to [[George W. Bush]] in the [[Electoral College]] after a close vote, in which Gore received more popular votes than Bush, but fewer electoral votes. In light of alleged voting irregularities, the results of the election were contested, with Gore accepting Bush's nomination on December 13.<ref>[http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?year=2000 2000 Presidential Election Results]</ref>

==Post politics==
Gore has started an investment firm to invest in environmentally sustainable technology and industries, a cable channel (Current TV), and is an adviser to [[Google]]. He also starred in a keynote presentation about the climate crisis, "An Inconvenient Truth," which won an [[Oscar]]. Al Gore is also mentioned as a possible 2008 presidential candidate.
== Criticism ==
Al Gore has recently received criticism for his alleged hypocrisy on environmental issues. When it was discovered that Gore's utility bill is 20 times higher than the average American's<ref>[http://stoptheaclu.com/archives/2007/02/26/al-gore-hypocrite/ Al Gore, Hypocrite]</ref> many of his detractors accused him of not living up to his own standards. Of course this accusation ignores the fact that the majority of that power came from 'green', or environmentally friendly, power sources such as solar and wind power. These power sources are much more expensive than traditional power sources such as coal and nuclear power. From The Tennessean:

"Gore purchased 108 blocks of "green power" for each of the past three months, according to a summary of the bills.

That's a total of $432 a month Gore paid extra for solar or other renewable energy sources.

The green power Gore purchased in those three months is equivalent to recycling 2.48 million aluminum cans or 286,092 pounds of newspaper, according to comparison figures on NES' Web site."<ref>[http://tennessean.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070227/NEWS01/702270382]</ref>

Also, some conservatives have pointed to Gore's use of a private jet while spreading the message about the dangers of [[global warming]].<ref>[http://www.gnn.tv/articles/2332/More_Inconvenient_Truths_About_Al_Gore More Inconvenient Truths About Al Gore]</ref>

Attention has also been called to Gore's profits from mining royalties. Specifically, the mining of zinc adjacent to his property he leased in Tennesse, which has released millions of pounds of potentially toxic substances into the environment.<ref>[http://www.tennessean.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=200770316074 Tennessee Mine Enriched Gore, Scarred Land]</ref> The mine has been closed since 2003. The new owner Strategic Resource Acquisition is planning to re-open the mine. From The Tennessean (3/12/07):

'Last week, Gore sent a letter asking the company to work with Earthworks, a national environmental group, to make sure the operation doesn’t damage the environment.

“We would like for you to engage with us in a process to ensure that the mine becomes a global example of environmental best practices,” Gore wrote.'
<br /><br />
<references/>

[[Category:Vice Presidents of the United States|Gore, Al]]

Prescott Bush

2007-03-21T19:58:26Z

Orbison:

{{Infobox Senator | name=Prescott Sheldon Bush
| nationality=american
| image name=PrescottBush.jpg
| jr/sr and state=Senator (Class 3)</br>[[Connecticut]]
| party=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| term=[[November 5]], [[1952]]—</br>[[January 2]], [[1963]]
| preceded=[[William A. Purtell]]
| succeeded=[[Abraham A. Ribicoff]]
| date of birth=[[May 15]], [[1895]]
| place of birth=[[Columbus, Ohio]]
| dead=dead
| date of death=[[October 8]], [[1972]]
| place of death=[[New York City]]
| law school=none
| spouse=[[Dorothy Walker Bush]]}}

'''Prescott Sheldon Bush''' ([[May 15]], [[1895]] — [[October 8]], [[1972]]) was a [[United States]] [[United States Senate|Senator]] from [[Connecticut]] and a [[Wall Street]] executive banker with [[Brown Brothers Harriman]]. He was the father of former [[United States|U.S.]] President [[George Herbert Walker Bush|George H. W. Bush]] and the grandfather of current President [[George Walker Bush|George W. Bush]].

==Early life==
Bush was born in [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]], [[Ohio]] to [[Flora Sheldon]] and [[Samuel Prescott Bush]]. Samuel Bush was a railroad executive, then a steel company president, and during [[World War I]], also a federal government official in charge of coordination and assistance to major [[defense contractor|weapons contractors]].

Bush attended the Douglas School in Columbus and then [[St. George's School, Newport|St. George's School]] in [[Newport, Rhode Island]] from 1908 to 1913. In [[1913]], he enrolled at [[Yale University]], officially creating a long standing family legacy, as his grandfather, [[James Smith Bush]], his son, George H.W. Bush, his grandson, George W. Bush, as well as his great-granddaughter [[Barbara Pierce Bush (1981)|Barbara]] are all Yale alumni. Prescott Bush was admitted to the [[Zeta Psi]] fraternity while at Yale, though two of his sons and grandson would opt for [[Delta Kappa Epsilon]]. All four Bushes, however, would be members of the [[Skull and Bones]] [[secret society]] (along with several Walkers), and Bush has long been implicated in the society's alleged [[grave-robbing|theft]] of the [[skull]] of [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] leader [[Geronimo]], when three Bonesmen were stationed at [[Fort Sill]].[http://www.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/2006_05/notebook.html] Some historians, and [[Cecil Adams]], regard this claim as false.

Prescott Bush played varsity golf, football, and baseball, and was president of the [[Yale Glee Club]], and, in fact, was regarded as the best [[close harmony]] man in the class of 1917. His strong devotion to singing at Yale became another of his passions, as evidenced by his founding of the Yale Glee Club Associates, an alumni group, in [[1937]].

He maintained homes in [[Long Island]], [[New York]] and [[Greenwich, Connecticut]]; the [[Bush Compound|family compound]] at [[Kennebunkport, Maine]]; a 10,000 acre (40 km²) plantation in [[South Carolina]]; and an island retreat in [[Florida]].

== Military service ==
After graduation, Bush served as a field artillery captain with the [[American Expeditionary Forces]] ([[1917]]-[[1919]]) during [[World War I]]. He received intelligence training at [[Verdun-sur-Meuse|Verdun]], [[France]], and was briefly assigned to a staff of French officers. Alternating between intelligence and artillery, Captain Bush came under fire in the [[Meuse-Argonne offensive]]. Controversially, Bush wrote home about receiving medals for heroic exploits. His letters were later published in Columbus newspapers, but were retracted a few weeks later when it was revealed that he, in fact, had not received such medals. The retraction was made in a cable in which Bush stated that his earlier letter had been written "in a spirit of fun" and was not intended for publication.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}

== Business career ==
After his discharge in 1919, Prescott Bush went to work for the Simmons Hardware Company in [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]], [[Missouri]].

On [[August 6]], [[1921]], in [[Kennebunkport, Maine]], he wed [[Dorothy Walker Bush|Dorothy Walker]], the daughter of [[George Herbert Walker]] (who would be the namesake of Prescott Bush's second son, [[George Herbert Walker Bush]]). They would have four other children: [[Prescott Bush, Jr.]], [[Jonathan Bush]], [[William H.T. Bush]], and [[Nancy Bush]].

Among those attending the wedding ceremony were Isabel Stillman Rockefeller (daughter of [[Percy Rockefeller]]), Hope Lincoln, Mary Keck, Elizabeth Trotter, Martha Pittman, Ruth Lionberger, Nancy Walker, George Herbert Walker, Knight Wooley, Frank Shepard, John Shepley, Richard Bentley, Henry Isham, William Potter Wear, and Henry Fenimore Cooper.

The Bushes moved to [[Columbus, Ohio]], in [[1923]], where Prescott Bush went to work for the [[Hupp]] Products Company, where his business efforts generally failed. He left in November, 1923 to become president of sales for the Stedman Products company of South Braintree, Massachusetts. It was during this time that he lived in a Victorian home at 173 Adams Street in [[Milton, Massachusetts]], where his son and the future President was born in 1924. In [[1925]], Prescott Bush joined the [[United States Rubber Company]] of [[New York City]] as manager of the foreign division, and moved to [[Greenwich, Connecticut|Greenwich]], [[Connecticut]].

From [[1944]] to [[1956]], Bush was a member of the [[Yale Corporation]], the principal governing body of Yale University. Bush was on the board of directors of [[CBS]], having been introduced to chairman [[William Paley]] around 1932 by his close friend and colleague Averell Harriman, who became a major Democratic party power-broker.

== Political career ==
Bush was a typical [[New England]] Republican of his time; as a former banker, he was a pro-business conservative, but held many positions today considered socially moderate. Conservatives distrusted and at times openly opposed him.

Bush was involved with the [[American Birth Control League]] as early as 1942, and served as the treasurer of the first national capital campaign of [[Planned Parenthood]] in 1947. Bush was also an early supporter of the [[United Negro College Fund]], serving as chairman of the Connecticut branch in 1951.

[[Image:Prescott Bush and Eisenhower 1.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Bush with President Dwight D. Eisenhower in the Oval Office.]]

From 1947 to 1950, he served as Connecticut Republican finance chairman, and was the Republican candidate for the United States Senate in 1950. One of his opponents at the time, a Republican woman named [[Vivien Kellems]], said that Bush's nomination was an inside job of political sabotage in favor of [[William Benton]], the Democratic nominee. A columnist in Boston said that Bush "is coming on to be known as [[Harry S. Truman|President Truman]]'s [[Harry Hopkins]]. Nobody knows Mr. Bush and he hasn't a [[Chinaman's chance]]."<ref>"Fair Enough" by Westbrook Pegler, "Burlington Daily News-Times" (North Carolina), August 22, 1950</ref> Bush's ties with Planned Parenthood also hurt him in heavily [[Roman Catholicism|Catholic]] Connecticut, and were the basis of a last-minute campaign in churches by Bush's opponents; the family vigorously denied the connection, but Bush lost to Benton by only 1,000 votes.

In 1952, he was elected to the United States Senate, defeating [[Abraham Ribicoff]] for the seat vacated by the death of [[Brien McMahon|James O'Brien McMahon]]. A staunch supporter of President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]], Prescott Bush served until January 1963. He was reelected in 1956 with 55% of the vote over Democrat [[Thomas J. Dodd]] (father of the current U.S. Senator from Connecticut, [[Christopher J. Dodd]]), and decided not to run for another term in 1962. He was a key ally for the passage of Eisenhower's [[Interstate Highway System]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/rw01d.htm
|title=A Bush at Both Ends: Before and After the Interstate Era
|publisher=U.S. [[Federal Highway Administration]]
|date=January 18, 2005 (last modified)
|accessdate=2006-08-06}}</ref>, and during his tenure supported the [[Ethan Allen class submarine|Polaris submarine]] project (ships which were built by [[Electric Boat Corporation]] in [[Groton, Connecticut]]), [[civil rights]] legislation, and the establishment of the [[Peace Corps]].<ref name="Mansfield">{{cite book|url=http://www.ereader.com/product/book/excerpt/16982
|title=The Faith of George W. Bush
|author=Stephen Mansfield
|publisher=Tarcher
|url=http://www.ereader.com/product/book/excerpt/16982
|year=2004}}</ref>

His boldest stance in the Senate was to vote to "condemn" (in fact a censure) Senator Joseph McCarthy for his anti-communist witch-hunt. But when McCarthy lay on his deathbed he wished him a speedy recovery and return to the Senate.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}

In an undated handwriten list by President Eisenhower, Bush was included
as one of the ten best prospective candidates for the 1960 GOP presidential nomination.

Bush's moderate politics became more complicated in time. In terms of issues he often agreed with New York Governor [[Nelson Rockefeller]], but personally disliked and politically opposed him, despite the close relationship his father [[Samuel P. Bush]] had with the Rockefeller family. When Rockefeller divorced his first wife and remarried to a woman about twenty years his junior with whom he had been having an affair while married to his first wife, a scandal that hurt his campaign for the [[United States presidential election, 1964|1964 Republican nomination for President]], Bush denounced Rockefeller <ref name="Mansfield" />.

Bush was also in staunch opposition to the [[Kennedy family]], and especially President Kennedy's maternal grandfather [[John "Honey Fitz" Fitzgerald]].{{Fact|date=February 2007}}

== War seizures controversy ==
[[Harriman Bank]] was the main [[Wall Street]] connection for [[Germany|German]] companies and the varied U.S. financial interests of [[Fritz Thyssen]], who had been an early financial backer of the [[Nazism|Nazi]] party until [[1938]], but who by [[1939]] had fled Germany and was bitterly denouncing [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]]. Business transactions for profit with Nazi Germany were not illegal when Hitler declared war on the US, but, six days after the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]], President [[FDR|Roosevelt]] signed the [[Trading With the Enemy Act]] after it had been made public that U.S. companies were doing business with the declared enemy of the United States. On [[October 20]], [[1942]], the U.S. government ordered the seizure of [[Nazi German]] banking operations in [[New York City]]. President Franklin Roosevelt's Alien Property Custodian, Leo T. Crowley, signed Vesting Order Number 248 seizing the property of Prescott Bush under the Trading with the Enemy Act. The order, published in obscure government record books and kept out of the news, cited only the UBC connections with Von Thyssen. Fox News has reported that recently declassified material "The 4,000 Union Banking shares owned by the Dutch bank were registered in the names of the seven U.S. directors, according a document signed by Homer Jones, chief of the division of investigation and research of the Office of Alien Property Custodian, a World War II-era agency that no longer exists"[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,100474,00.html].

* E. Roland Harriman--3991 shares (managed and under voting control of Prescott Bush)
* Cornelis Lievense--4 shares (He was the New York banker of the German Nazi Party)
* Harold D. Pennington--1 share (Employed by Prescott Bush at Brown Brothers Harriman)
* Ray Morris--1 share (a business partner of the Bush and Harriman families)
* H.J. Kouwenhoven--1 share (organised UBC for Von Thyssen, managed UBC in Nazi occupied Netherlands)
* Johann G. Groeninger--1 share (German Industrial Executive, a not unimportant member of the Nazi party)

The Harriman business interests seized under the act in October and November 1942 included:
* [[Union Banking Corporation]] (UBC) (for Thyssen and [[Brown Brothers Harriman]]). The President of UBC at that time was [[George Herbert Walker]], Prescott Bush's father-in-law. He is the grandfather and great-grandfather of the former and current Presidents Bush.
* Holland-American Trading Corporation (with Harriman)
* the Seamless Steel Equipment Corporation (with Harriman)
* [[Silesian-American Corporation]] (this company was partially owned by German entity; during the war the Germans tried to take the full control of Silesian-American. In response to that, American government seized German owned minority shares in the company, leaving the U.S. partners to carry on the business.)

The assets were held by the government for the duration of the war, then returned afterward. UBC was dissolved in 1951. Prescott Bush was on the board of directors of UBC and held one share in the company. For it, he was reimbursed $1,500,000. These assets were later used to launch Bush family investments in the Texas energy industry. This presupposes that Union Banking Corporation was worth $4 billion, of which almost all would have been paid to the Harrimans. Critics have addressed this claim with skepticism. <ref>Cecil Adams, http://www.straightdope.com/columns/030214.html</ref>

[[Toby Rogers]] has claimed that Bush's connections to Silesian businesses (with Thyssen and Flick) make him complicit with the [[mining]] operations in [[Poland]] which used slave labor out of [[Oświęcim|Auschwitz]], where the [[Auschwitz concentration camp]] was later constructed. Allegations that Prescott Bush profited from slave labor or the Auschwitz concentration camp remain unproved.

There are unsubstantiated rumors concerning Prescott Bush's associations with the Nazi party. The [[Anti-Defamation League]] has stated, "Rumors about the alleged Nazi 'ties' of the late Prescott Bush, the grandfather of President George W. Bush, have circulated widely through the Internet in recent years. These charges are untenable and politically motivated." [http://www.adl.org/Internet_Rumors/prescott.htm] The rumors began with extreme right-wing attacks on George H.W. Bush during his 1980 presidential run and were renewed during his 1988 run.

The ''[[New York Herald-Tribune]]'' referred to the German industrialist, [[Fritz Thyssen]], as "Hitler's Angel" and mentioned Bush only as an employee of the investment banking firm Thyssen used in the USA. The label was wildly wrong, since by the time the Tribune article appeared, Hitler had turned on Thyssen himself---although other reports say Thyssen fled Germany---and imprisoned him. Notwithstanding, the underlying importance is Hitler's known ideology; intelligent business partners like Bush and Thyssen and Harriman clearly knew who they were doing business with and were willing to do so. Thyssen's "autobiography" is entitled "I Paid Hitler." (?)

There has been a determined effort by Canadian bloggers, apparently connected with [[Lyndon LaRouche]], to circulate reports that Bush himself was known as "Hitler's Angel". Bloggers from the United States recently have tried to go so far as to imply that George H. W. Bush was diverted to the War in the Pacific to fight the Japanese because of the close family ties to Nazi Germany. Some records in the National Archives, including the Harriman papers, document the continued relationship of Brown Brothers Harriman with Thyssen and some of his German investments up until his 1951 death.<ref name="Buchanan">{{cite news
|url=http://www.nhgazette.com/cgi-bin/NHGstore.cgi?user_action=detail&catalogno=NN_Bush_Nazi_2
|title=Bush - Nazi Dealings Continued Until 1951
|author=[[John Buchanan (American politician)|John Buchanan]] and Stacey Michael
|publisher=[[New Hampshire Gazette]]
|date=2003-11-07
|accessdate=2006-08-06}}</ref> Investigator [[John Loftus]] has said, "As a former federal prosecutor, I would make a case for Prescott Bush, his father-in-law (George Walker) and [[Averell Harriman]] <nowiki>[to be prosecuted]</nowiki> for giving aid and comfort to the enemy. They remained on the boards of these companies knowing that they were of financial benefit to the nation of Germany." Two former slave laborers from Poland have filed suit in London against the [[federal government of the United States|government of the United States]] and the heirs of Prescott Bush in the amount of $40 billion. A class-action lawsuit filed in the U.S. in 2001 was dismissed based on the principle of state sovereignty.<ref name="Guardian">{{cite news
|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,12271,1312540,00.html
|title=How Bush's grandfather helped Hitler's rise to power
|author=Ben Aris and Duncan Campbell
|publisher=[[The Guardian]]
|date=September 25, 2004
|accessdate=2006-08-06}}</ref>

(For more information on the Bush family and the arms industry, see [[Samuel P. Bush]].)

==Miscellany==
* On the February 7, 2007 episode of ''[[The Daily Show]]'', guest [[Ralph Nader]] mentioned that his mother had extracted a promise from Senator Bush to build a dry dam for a river near the Nader home by refusing to let go of his hand after shaking it upon being introduced to him.
*In the first season of [[Boston Legal]], while undergoing a psychological exam, [[Denny Crane]] claims that his father wrestled Bush when they attended Yale together.

==Writings==
Bush's articles include:
* "Timely Monetary Policy," ''Banking'', June 1954 and July 1954
* "To Preserve Peace Let's Show the Russians How Strong We Are!" ''[[Reader's Digest]]'', July 1959
* "Politics Is Your Business," Chamber of Commerce, State of New York, ''Bulletin'', May 1960.

==References==
<references />

==Further reading==
* The Prescott Bush Papers are at the University of Connecticut, Storrs.
* The Greenwich Library Oral History Project has interviews with Prescott Bush, Jr., and Mary Walker.
* There is material by and about Bush in the History of the Class of 1917 Yale College (1919) and the supplementary class albums.
* John Atlee Kouwenhoven, Partners in Banking: An Historical Portrait of a Great Private Bank, [[Brown Brothers Harriman]] (1968).
* Obituaries are in the Washington Post, Oct. 9, 1972; the New York Times, Oct. 9, 1972; the Hartford Courant, Oct. 9, 1972; and Yale Alumni Magazine, Dec. 1972.
* "Prescott Sheldon Bush. "Dictionary of American Biography, Supplement 9: 1971-1975. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1994.
* Darwin Payne, Initiative in Energy: Dresser Industries, Inc., 1880-1978. New York: Simon and Schuster (1979).
*Kelley, Kitty. 2004, 2005. ''The Family: The True Story of the Bush Dynasty''. Doubleday, Anchor.[http://www.randomhouse.com/doubleday/thefamily/index.php]

==External links==
*{{imdb name|id=1778210|name=Prescott Sheldon Bush}}
*{{nndb name|id=501/000052345|name=Prescott Sheldon Bush}}
*[http://www.lib.uconn.edu/online/research/speclib/ASC/findaids/Bush_PS/MSS19910001.html University of Connecticut's profile of Prescott Bush]
*[http://genealogy.about.com/od/presidents/p/george_bush.htm Bush Family Tree]
*[http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=5988&pt=Prescott%20Bush Gravesite: Putnam Cemetery, Greenwich, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA]
*[http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,12271,1312540,00.html Article on Bush's involvement with Nazi Germany]
*[http://www.tarpley.net/bushb.htm George Bush: The Unauthorized Biography]
* [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/MDbushPR.htm Spartacus Educational Biography]
*[http://illuminati-news.com/Videos/keeping-it-in-the-family.wmv 10 Minute Video Clip of John Buchanan Discussing Prescott Bush (WMV)]

{{start box}}
{{succession box | before = [[William A. Purtell]] | title = [[List of United States Senators from Connecticut|U.S. Senator (Class 3) from Connecticut]] | years = [[November 5]], [[1952]]—[[January 3]], [[1963]] | after = [[Abraham A. Ribicoff]]}}
{{end box}}



{{Persondata
|NAME=Bush, Prescott Sheldon
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Bush, Prescott
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=Former US Senator, Father of George H.W. Bush
|DATE OF BIRTH=[[May 15]], [[1895]]
|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Columbus, Ohio]], [[United States of America|USA]]
|DATE OF DEATH=[[October 8]], [[1972]]
|PLACE OF DEATH=[[New York City]]
}}

[[Category:George H.W. Bush|Bush, Prescott]]
[[Category:United States Senators from Connecticut|Bush, Prescott]]
[[Category:United States Army officers|Bush, Prescott]]
[[Category:American military personnel of World War I|Bush, Prescott]]
[[Category:Bush family|Bush, Prescott]]
[[Category:Yale Bulldogs football players|Bush, Prescott]]
[[Category:People from Columbus, Ohio|Bush, Prescott]]
[[Category:People from Greenwich, Connecticut|Bush, Prescott]]
[[Category:Bonesmen|Bush, Prescott]]
[[Category:Zeta Psi brothers|Bush, Prescott]]
[[Category:Lung cancer deaths|Bush, Prescott]]
[[Category:1895 births|Bush, Prescott]]
[[Category:1972 deaths|Bush, Prescott]]
[[Category:Historical US Republicans|Bush, Prescott]]

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