Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Homosexual fantasies

2008-11-19T21:29:34Z

Osayat3: Undoing vandalism

The authors of the English study (who appear to be homosexuals themselves) note that "Fantasies of the sexually forceful man, the pleasure of 'being taken;' and the excitement of power-driven sex are very common in gay culture and pornography. All these collective sexual fantasies normalize sexual abuse and rape of [[User:Ed Poor|gay men]] by [[User:Aschlafly|gay men]], providing motivation, justification, and normalization for the assault. It is difficult to see how a climate of intolerance towards sexual aggression can be achieved when sexual aggression is one of the mainstays of collective sexual fantasies." (p. 293) [http://www.familyresearchinst.org/Default.aspx?tabid=85]

Homosexual fantasies

2008-11-19T21:25:14Z

Osayat3: fixed grammar

Hip hop

2008-11-19T21:20:30Z

Osayat3:

'''Hip hop''', or '''rap''', is a music style that developed in the mid-1970s in the [[United States]], particularly among youth in cities. It became widely successful with its anti-establishment themes, sometimes even urging violence. It has two main types, rapping and DJing (which includes scratching records for added effect during the piece).

The essence of hip hop or rap is to chant a message over some type of musical beat. Singing is typically only entailed during the chorus.

Some successful rappers have included [[Eminem]], [[Dr. Dre]], [[Run Dmc]], [[DJ Skip]] (also known as A2thaM), The [[Sugerhill Gang]], [[Snoop Dogg]], [[Notorious B.I.G.]], [[Ice T]], and [[Tupac Shakur]].

==Criticism==

Many groups, including Christian groups, widely decry the hip-hop culture, because it demeans women, strongly promotes violence as well as an overly materialistic sense of life. Songs such as ''"Big Pimpin'"'' by Jay-Z promote prostitution while songs like ''"Dre Day"'' describe the performers; Snoop Dogg, and Dr. Dre performing depraved sexual acts. Songs like ''"Where the hood at?"'' have become anthems for young gangs and often incite listeners into behaving violently.

==Broken Commandments==

Modern rap often breaks several of the [[Ten Commandments]].

*'''You shall have no other gods before Me.''' ''- Deceased rappers such as [[Tupac]] and [[Notorious B.I.G.]] are worshipped like gods in hip hop culture. They are false idols.''
*'''You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain.''' ''- God's name is used innappropriately in many modern rap songs.''
*'''You shall not murder.''' ''- Murder is often glorified in hip hop culture. Rap artists who have not "done dirt" or committed murder lack respect within the hip hop community.''
*'''You shall not commit adultery.''' ''- Premarital sex is often glamorized along with engaging in relations with married women.''
*'''You shall not steal.''' ''- Rap artists will often describe committing acts of theft in their music. Within the hip hop community this is accepted because most rap artists grow up in poverty.''

'''Genres of Rap'''
*[[Gangsta Rap]]
*[[Crunk]]

[[category:music]]

George W. Bush

2008-11-19T21:14:08Z

Osayat3:

{{President
|image=George_w_bush.jpeg
|seq=43
|term_start=January 20, 2001
|term_end=Present
|party=Republican
|vp=Dick Cheney
|previous=Bill Clinton
|next=Barack Obama
|birth_date=July 6, 1946
|birth_place=New Haven, Connecticut
|death_date=
|death_place=
|spouse=[[Laura Bush]]
|spouse2=
|religion=[[United Methodist]]
}}
'''George Walker Bush''' (born New Haven, [[Connecticut]] 1946) was the Governor of [[Texas]] (1996-2001) and has served as the 43rd [[President of the United States of America]] since 2001. Campaigning on the notion that the United States should not be in the business of nation-building,<ref>http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2000/debates/transcripts/u221003.html</ref> he won the office by a narrow margin in the decisive State of [[Florida]] in the [[United States presidential election, 2000|2000 Presidential election]]. Legal challenges to the certified vote count went all the way to the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] when Democratic contender [[Al Gore]], who initially conceded defeat on the night of the election, then contested the outcome for weeks until the Supreme Court case [[Bush v. Gore]].

In the [[United States presidential election, 2004|2004 Presidential election]] Bush won reelection, helped in part by a 300,000 vote victory (5%) in the State of Florida, where the outcome had been so close in 2000 <ref>[http://election.dos.state.fl.us/elections/resultsarchive/SummaryRpt.asp?ElectionDate=11/2/2004&Race=PRE&DATAMODE= Florida Election Records], ''[[Florida Dept. of State]]''</ref>. Democratic candidate [[John Kerry]] conceded defeat the day after the election.

==Presidency (2001-2009)==

===Economic issues===
Upon gaining office in 2001, Bush signed into law a $1.35 trillion cut in [[taxation]] over 10 years. The plan included the objectives of doubling the child tax credit from $500 to $1,000, reducing the tax penalty on [[marriage|married couples]] and fully repealing the [[Estate tax|tax on estates]]. A [[United States Senate]] Finance Committee Report estimated that with all the planned reductions fully phased in, the average family of four making $50,000 would save $1,825 per year.<ref>[http://archives.cnn.com/2001/ALLPOLITICS/06/07/bush.taxes/ $1.35 trillion tax cut becomes law], CNN, 21 June 2001</ref>

Since the tax cuts, [[IRS]] revenues increased from $1.78 Trillion in 2003 to $2.56 Trillion in 2007 with a 46.3% increase of individual income tax receipts. Surging $785 billion since the 2003 investment tax cuts, it is the largest four-year revenue increase in U.S. history<ref>http://online.wsj.com/article/SB119189497675953035.html?mod=googlenews_wsj</ref>

Bush has presided over a period of general economic growth. This is partially due to changes in the stock market that lead to a record high in 2007, although the [[NASDAQ]] is still down considerably from the levels it was at before the Dot-com bubble burst. Corporations show profits growing by double digits growth.<ref>http://www.usatoday.com/money/markets/us/2006-05-08-mart-usat_x.htm</ref> Even the working class is benefiting from the Bush economy, as unemployment hits an all time low in March 2007.<ref>http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/economy</ref> Bush signed into law a minimum wage increase, one of the platforms for the Democrats in the 2006 Congressional elections, after the House and Senate included Bush's request of provisions for small-business tax breaks.<ref>http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/20/AR2006122001784.html</ref><ref>http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/10/AR2007011001666.html</ref> Tax policies have been favorable to reducing the [[Capital Gains Tax]], with a subsequent surge in investment.

=== Foreign policy ===

George W. Bush has spent most of his Presidency focusing on foreign policy issues, namely the war on terror in response to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks against the USA, when a series of terrorist attacks destroyed the twin towers of the [[World Trade Center]] and severely damaged the [[Pentagon]], resulting in the deaths of an estimated 3,000 people. On October 8, 2001, during an address to [[Congress]], President Bush announced the establishment of the Department of Homeland Security. In his [[State of the Union]] address on January 29, 2002, he asserted that an "[[axis of evil]]" consisting of [[North Korea]], [[Iran]], and [[Iraq]] was "arming to threaten the peace of the world" and "pose[d] a grave and growing danger".<ref>[http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/01/20020129-11.html Presidential State of the Union Address] [[January 29]] [[2002]].</ref> Since then, the Bush administration has pursued military action in [[Afghanistan]] and, more controversially, in [[Iraq]], with the stated aims of eliminating threats to United States security and combating [[terrorism]].

===Afghanistan===
On October 7, 2001, US and [[Australia]]n forces were deployed in [[Afghanistan]], then governed by the [[Taliban]], an extremist [[Islamic]] government -- a decision that was backed by most of the industrialized world. The Taliban had been fighting an active insurgency who they had bottled up in a tiny portion of the country, but never defeated. The US and Australian forces initiated a [[bombing]] campaign which turned the tide as they could no longer bottle up, or stop, the insurgency who attacked them after each bombing campaign. This led to the Taliban losing control of [[Kabul]], Afghanistan's capital city, on November 13. By December 2001, an "Afghan Interim Authority" had been installed, led by current Afghan President [[Hamid Karzai]].<ref>[http://www.cdi.org/terrorism/isaf.cfm Fact Sheet], Center for Defense Information, 2002-02-14</ref> The stated aims of military action in Afghanistan were to topple the Taliban and to eliminate or capture key leaders of the terrorist group [[al-Qaeda]], as well as destroying all al-Qaeda bases and activities in Afghanistan. However, al-Qaeda leader [[Osama bin Laden]] escaped a battle in December 2001 in [[Tora Bora]] and has not yet been successfully captured.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A62618-2002Apr16 U.S. Concludes [[Bin Laden]] Escaped at [[Tora Bora]] Fight], The Washington Post, 2002-04-17</ref>

Despite the US troops' early success in removing them from power, the Taliban was regrouping and amassing funds and recruits by 2003.<ref>[http://www.csmonitor.com/2003/0508/p01s02-wosc.html?related Taliban Appears to be Regrouped and Well-Funded], Christian Science Monitor, 2003-05-08</ref> In 2006, offensives against the Taliban such as [[Operation Mountain Thrust]] attained limited success.<ref>[http://www.defenselink.mil/news/NewsArticle.aspx?ID=285 World Cannot Give Up On Afghanistan, Coalition Officials Say], US Department of Defense, 2006-02-28</ref> The Taliban remain a major threat to security in Afghanistan today, with US and allied troops working alongside the Afghan government of [[Hamid Karzai]] to combat the Taliban.

===Iraq===

Egyptian President [[Hosni Mubarek]] and Libyan [[Socialist]] General Secretary [[Muammar Gaddafi]] in negotiations with [[Saddam Hussein]] relayed a message through Italian Prime Minister [[Silvio Berlusconi]] and Spanish President [[Jose Maria Aznar]] to UK Prime Minister [[Tony Blair]] and President Bush] that Saddam would be willing to avoid removal by force and voluntarily go into exile, provided Saddam was allowed to take $1 billion dollars and "all the information he wants about [[weapons of mass destruction]]." <ref>[http://www.weeklystandard.com/weblogs/TWSFP/2007/09/saddam_risked_his_life_for_wmd_1.asp Saddam Risked His Life for WMD Secrets], ''WeeklyStandard.com. September 29, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.mediainfo.com/eandp/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003646639 Scoop for Spanish Daily: Transcript of Private 2003 Bush Talk Promising Iraq Invasion], ''Editor & Publisher'', September 26, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/26/AR2007092602414.html Report Says Hussein Was Open To Exile Before 2003 Invasion], He Is Said to Have Sought $1 Billion and Information on Arms, By Karen DeYoung and Michael Abramowitz, ''[[Washington Post]], September 27, 2007; Page A17.</ref><ref>[http://www.elpais.com/articulo/espana/Llego/momento/deshacerse/Sadam/elpepunac/20070926elpepinac_1/Tes Llegó el momento de deshacerse de Sadam], ''El Pais'', 26/09/2007. (In Spanish).</ref>

In a show down with Congressional Democrats after taking control of the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] and [[U.S. Senate|Senate]] in the 2006 Congressional Midterm elections, Democrats retreated on their pledge to end the [[Iraq War]] early and bring the troops home. Democrats had threatened to withhold funding for the troops unless a date certain for withdrawal was set. After the final vote, 280-142 in the House and 80-14 in the Senate, the anti-War movement was defeated. The deal cut with Democratic leaders in exchange for their acquiescing to fund the troops calls for the President to sign legislation raising the [[minimum wage]]. <ref>[http://washingtontimes.com/national/20070525-122215-4854r.htm Congress OKs war bill sans time-line,] By S.A. Miller, The Washington Times'', May 25, 2007. </ref> One commentator remarked, "Despite all the talk of standing up to George W. Bush, despite all the bravado about taking control of Congress, despite the so-called mandate to change direction, Democrats caved....They claim that the majority of Americans are with them on the Iraq issue, but...President Bush, at the weakest moment of his presidency, still bested his Democratic rivals." <ref>[http://www.newmediajournal.us/staff/phyrillas/05292007.htm Democrats Show True Colors], Tony Phyrillas, ''New Media journal'', May 29, 2007, </ref>

== Family ==
[[Image:GWBush.jpg|thumb|300px|right|President Bush admires pictures of his family in the Oval Office.]]
George W. Bush is the son of [[George H. W. Bush]], who served as vice-president from 1981 to 1989 and as president from 1989 to 1993, and [[Barbara Bush]]. President Bush is married to Laura Welch Bush, a former teacher and librarian, and they have twin daughters, Barbara and Jenna. John Ellis "Jeb" Bush, Neil Bush and Marvin Bush are his brothers. Dorothy Bush Koch is his only surviving sister, as Pauline Robinson Bush died at age four of [[leukemia]].

==Faith==
George W. Bush is a member of the [[United Methodist Church]], and most people feel that George W. Bush's faith is sincere and profound. ''The Faith of George W. Bush'', a non-political book by author Stephen Strang, made the [[New York Times]] best-sellers list. <ref>http://www.christianlifemissions.org/ministries/georgewbush.htm</ref>
When asked where he would be without the influence of family friend [[Billy Graham]], George W. Bush said "I wouldn't be president." "It was just a conversation," said the younger Bush about a talk with Graham in the mid-'80s that changed his life. During the pivotal conversation Bush recalled saying, "'You know, Billy, I'm longing for something.' And I know that he sent me a [[Bible]] I still have. All I can tell you is that as a result of being inspired by Billy Graham, I started reading the Bible and shortly after, I quit drinking." <ref>Billy Graham and the White House [http://religion.beloblog.com/archives/2007/08/billy_graham_and_the_white_hou_1.html]</ref>

==Polls==

When President George W. Bush entered office, his popularity rating was near 50%. However, after the [[September 11]] attacks, his popularity rose significantly, reaching an all-time high of 90%.<ref>[http://blogs.usatoday.com/onpolitics/2007/07/usatgallup-po-1.html USAT Gallup Poll]</ref> Since, then, though, it declined as some of his policies have become unpopular (in part due to the media's persistently negative -- and [[liberal bias|biased]] -- reporting on the [[Iraq War]]).<ref> Historical Bush Approval Ratings from University of Minnesota [http://www.hist.umn.edu/~ruggles/Approval.htm] </ref> In 2007, he reached the lowest popularity levels of any sitting president, with one poll showing an approval rating of only 24%. The same poll gave the Democratic controlled Congress an approval rating of only 11%).<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSN1624620720071017?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews&rpc=22&sp=true Voters unhappy with Bush and Congress], Reuters, October 17 2007</ref>

==See Also==
*[[Previous Breaking News/George W. Bush|Articles about '''George W. Bush''' from previous "Breaking News"]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Presidents of the United States]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bush, George W.}}
{{USPresidents}}

Heavy metal music

2008-11-19T20:42:11Z

Osayat3:

'''Heavy metal''' is an Anti-Christian <ref> [http://www.av1611.org/rock.html Hatred of Jesus Christ]</ref> musical genre that was developed mainly in the United States of America and the United Kingdom, heavy metal is primarily noted for an emphasis on distortion, palm muting, aggressive lyrical content, bass-heavy sounds, as well as the influence of blues scales and classical structures. Heavy Metal has also spawned numerous sub genres which omit or improve upon standard technique, or invent new one altogether, giving heavy metal as a genre an impressive variety of styles and sounds. Heavy metal's origins are both rooted in the cultural upheavals that occurred during the 1960s, such as the conflict in Vietnam and the reevaluation and mass rejection of previous social schema, and the enormous influence of bands such as [[The Jimi Hendrix Experience]], [[Led Zeppelin]], and [[Black Sabbath]] that are regarded as proto-metal as well as hard rock. Other musical influences include psychedelic rock, blues rock, and the still developing progressive rock genre. Though heavy metal initially borrowed heavily from the blues in terms of playing style, this was later largely discarded by future metal acts such as [[Judas Priest]].

The first style of rock which grew from this was distorted [[blues]] sound created by [[San Francisco]] based [[psychedelia]] band, '''Blue Cheer''', whose influence on electric blues bands could be seen from [[Cream (rock band)|Cream]] to [[Jimi Hendrix]] to '''ZZ Top'''. The second style was [[progressive rock]], which in 1968 was led by [[England|English]] band '''King Crimson''', combining jazz, classical, experimental, psychedelic and folk music. The precursor to this sound was [[The Beatles]], arguably the first band to leave the standard rock format, creating longer song structures, many of which were narrative or [[opera|neo-operatic]]. This was the main inspiration for later bands such as '''Camel''', [[Genesis (band)|Genesis]] and [[Yes (band)|Yes]].

By 1969, the influence of these seminal artists had saturated those parts of the public consciousness which were focused on rock music as a developing art form, and contributed to the explosion of hard rock by, for example, [[Led Zeppelin]] and [[Deep Purple]] and the so-called "proto-metal" of '''Black Sabbath'''. This year is now seen as the watershed moment in the development of what soon became heavy metal.

Black Sabbath originally began as an electric blues outfit named "Earth", but after discovering there was already a band using that name, changed to Black Sabbath after the 1964 [[Boris Karloff]] movie of the same name. Developing a new sound that was born both out of a change in attitude and the loss of lead Guitarist Tony Iommi's finger tips, Black Sabbath are largely credited with developing the more heavily distorted and crunchy elements that later became staples of the heavy metal style.

==1970s==
In 1973 the leading exponents of heavy metal were undoubtedly Led Zeppelin, Deep Purple, and Black Sabbath, each having a technical prowess and a compositional inventiveness unseen before in mainstream popular music. This era also marked the beginnings of Satanic imagery and of the spectacular, energetic live shows which became a hallmark of later heavy metal spin offs. Led Zeppelin's [[guitar|guitarist]] Jimmy Page had a strong personal fascination with the [[occult]], while many of Black Sabbath's lyrics dealt with it as well. Unlike many future bands, however, Black Sabbath never claimed to be Satanic. Singer Ozzy Osbourne claims that they were actually looking for a way to tap into the success and popularity of the horror genre, where people willingly paid to see a movie or read a novel intended solely to frighten them; to do so, they began to purposely write dark, ominous songs in an attempt to be music's answer to horror films.

Live shows were becoming bigger and more theatrical, notably Led Zeppelin's "rock till you drop" performances lasting two hours, and Alice Cooper's colossal shows following in the American tradition of the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus, promising "The Greatest Show On Earth". Cooper's shows featured boa constrictors, horrific freak-show mannequins, and dramatic fake-beheading scenes. Other key artists that emerged at this time included High Tide, Black Cat Bones, Black Widow, Uriah Heep, UFO and Blue Oyster Cult, and glam rockers Kiss. Each of the four members of Kiss took the on-stage persona of a cartoon-like character using elaborate face make-up and a science fiction style clothing. Another American band, Aerosmith, took the basic R 'n' B and rock 'n' roll structures of bands such as the Faces and Rolling Stones and transformed them into a new harder form. The late 70s saw a decline in the popularity of heavy metal, as the Punk movement, beginning in 1976, dominated the musical counterculture.

==1980s==
During the early 1970s three British bands were formed that would arguably become the most dramatically influential of the genre during the 1980s: [[Judas Priest]], Motorhead, and [[Iron Maiden]]. The 1980s also gave rise to the American thrash metal movement with notable bands being [[Metallica]], [[Megadeth]], Anthrax, and Slayer. During the 1980s glam metal also became very popular with bands including Twisted Sister, Def Leppard, and [[Stryper]].

==Criticism==

Due to its association with the counter culture movement and the more extreme forms that it has taken over the years, heavy metal has faced criticism from parents groups, school administrators, politicians, music critics, and religious organizations.

A musicologist wrote:

:The development of heavy metal music in the '60s and its continuing popularity through the '70s, '80s, and '90s coincides, for one thing, with the period of the greatest popularity horror films and books have ever known. Both mark a transitional moment in our history: the end of Pax Americana; new economic crises; de-industrialization, the decline of unions and the rise of low-pay service jobs; revelations of corrupt leadership; powerful social movements challenging dominant policies on race, gender, ecology, and consumer rights; new challenges to the stability of social institutions such as the family; and redefinitions of political themes such as freedom. Much of the culture of the past twenty years has functioned to restore the sense of security undermined by these disruptions. Heavy metal, like horror films, has provided ways of producing meaning in an irrational society. <ref>[http://www.superseventies.com/stairway.html Dr. Robert Walser, Professor of Musicology, Dartmouth College] - author of ''Running With the Devil: Power, Gender, and Madness in Heavy Metal Music''</ref>

===Satanism===

Many bands create giant props of Satan for their concerts accompanied with flames and fireworks in order to recreate the conditions of [[Hell]]. Metal songs that promote Satanism include ''"By Demons Be Driven"'' by Pantera, <ref>[http://www.darklyrics.com/lyrics/pantera/vulgardisplayofpower.html#10 By Demons Be Driven lyrics] </ref> <ref> [http://www.av1611.org/rock.html Rock music: Devil's advocate] </ref> and ''"The Conjuring"'' by Megadeth.<ref> [http://www.completealbumlyrics.com/lyric/34511/Megadeth+-+The+Conjuring.html The Conjuring lyrics] </ref> <ref> [http://www.av1611.org/rock.html Rock music: Devil's advocate] </ref>
Bands such as [[Mudvayne]] even heavily alter their appearance so that they physically resemble [[Satan]] himself.

The "Devil-Horns" hand signal is a common gesture made in metal culture. This is done by placing your ring, and middle finger together along with your thumb and then raising your index and pinky fingers. This is done to look like the horns of [[Satan]].

Some individuals become so immersed in the Heavy Metal culture that the vehemently deny the obvious correlation between Heavy Metal and Satanism.

===Anti-Christianity===

Anti-Christian sentiments are quite common amongst the extreme metal sub genres, especially in the Scandanavian black metal scene. Metal bands that claim to be Christian are criticized for making Un-Christian sounding music, or faking Christianity to sell records or corrupt young Christians. Supporters of Christian metal often deny the inherently violent natures of heavy metal music and overlook the fact that Jesus would not want Christians to channel these negative emotions.

===Suicide and Violence===

Besides Satanic criticism, Heavy Metal music has been known to promote violence, sex and suicide among youths. Glamorization of suicide can be observed in songs such as ''"Suicide Solution"'' by Ozzy Osbourne <ref> [http://www.metrolyrics.com/suicide-solution-lyrics-ozzy-osbourne.html Suicide solution lyrics] </ref> and ''"Fade to Black"'' by Metallica, <ref> [http://www.encycmet.com/songs/srfade2b.shtml Fade to Black is about suicide]</ref> while violence is promoted in songs like ''"Take No Prisoners"'' by Megadeth <ref> [http://www.actionext.com/names_m/megadeth_lyrics/take_no_prisoners.html Take no prisoners lyrics] </ref> and ''"Die by the Sword"'' by Slayer. Metal songs with violent lyrics have shown to lead to an increase of the amount of violent thoughts and actions within the listener.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/releases/violentsongs.html Violent Music Lyrics Increase Aggressive Thoughts and Feelings, According to new Study]</ref> Riots after Heavy Metal concerts are a regular, expected occurence. <ref> [http://www.memoryarchive.org/en/Guns_'n_Roses_Riot,_1991 Guns N Roses Riot] </ref> <ref> [http://www.deftone.com/archives/2002/11/guns_n_roses_vancouver_riot Another Guns N Roses riot] </ref> <ref> [http://www.mygnr.com/bootleg/1992/Montreal/montreal.html ANOTHER Guns N Roses riot] </ref>

==Etymology==
The term was first used in a musical context by [[Canada|Canadian]] rock band '''Steppenwolf''' in their 1968 hit record<ref>Billboard Hot 100 singles chart: highest position #2</ref> ''Born To Be Wild'', which contained the line: "I like smoke and lightning, heavy metal thunder..." The song received worldwide exposure the following year when it was used in the soundtrack of the 1969 [[counterculture]] movie ''[[Easy Rider]]''. However, the phrase "heavy metal" had previously been used in 1962 by [[William Burroughs]] in his novel ''The Soft Machine'',<ref>ISBN-10: 0802133290 ISBN-13: 978-0802133298</ref> which contained a character named "Uranian Willy, the Heavy Metal Kid". In 1964, he used it to describe mass technological destruction to the point of biological toxicity in his novel ''Nova Express''.<ref>ISBN-10: 0802133304 ISBN-13: 978-0802133304 </ref>

==References==
<references/>

==See Also==
[[Black Metal]]

[[Category:Rock & Roll]]

Evangelical Homosexual

2008-11-19T20:29:13Z

Osayat3:

An '''evangelical homosexual''' is a [[homosexual]] who is not content merely with his own lack of [[heterosexuality]] but is also obsessed with (i) censoring expressions of heterosexuality by others and (ii) attempting to convert heterosexuals around them to homosexuality.

Examples of techniques used by evangelical homosexuals include:

* insisting that homosexuality is not morally wrong.

* claiming that it is possible to be a homosexual and a Christian simultaneously.

* denying any correlation between [[crime]], [[depression]], [[anxiety]], [[immorality]], [[insanity]] and [[homosexuality]].

* using Hollywood to portray homosexuals as "cool" and "hip".

* drawing comparisons between homosexuals and the civil rights movement of the 60's.

* making friends with heterosexual males for the sole purpose of converting them to homosexuality.

* claiming to be smarter or superior than people who are not homosexual.

* resorting to violence if they don't get their way.

==See also==
[[Homosexuality]]

2008-02-11T20:26:45Z

Osayat3:

'''Heavy metal''' is a genre of rock music, characterized by its loudness and aggressiveness.
It emerged from bands like [[King Crimson]], [[Black Sabbath]] and [[Led Zeppelin]], amid the [[society|social]] upheavals of the late 1960s. [[Rock and roll|Rock music]] was by then being recorded and [[marketing|marketed]] as a counterculture which opposed the normal and functional culture that was dominant in society, a marketing [[strategy]] which mirrored the developmental process of [[adolescent]]s, the main audience for rock music, who first reject the world of their parents, then once independent re-assess their own values, and finally rejoin society on the terms of these recreated values.

The first style of rock which grew from this was the loud, distorted [[blues]] sound created by [[San Francisco]] based [[psychedelia]] band, '''Blue Cheer''', whose influence on electric blues bands could be seen from [[Cream]] to [[Jimi Hendrix]] to '''ZZ Top'''. The second style was [[progressive rock]], which in 1968 was led by [[England|English]] band '''King Crimson''', combining jazz, classical, experimental, psychedelic and folk music. The precursor to this sound was [[The Beatles]], arguably the first band to leave the standard rock format, creating longer song structures, many of which were narrative or [[opera|neo-operatic]]. This was the main inspiration for later bands such as '''Camel''', [[Genesis (band)|Genesis]] and [[Yes (band)|Yes]].

The third strand of rock music was the emerging "dark rock" epitomized by [[The Doors]]. Where other rock bands had focused on love or peace, the Doors brought a [[Nietzsche]]-inspired morbid subconscious psychedelia to rock music, and were the origins of much of the neo-[[Romanticism]] which later bloomed into Heavy metal.

By 1969, the influence of these seminal artists had saturated those parts of the public consciousness which were focused on rock music as a developing art form, and contributed to the explosion of hard rock by, for example, [[Led Zeppelin]] and [[Deep Purple]] and the so-called "proto-metal" of '''Black Sabbath'''. This year is now seen as the watershed for loud forms of rock, which hybridized in the next decade and became the Heavy metal as recognized today.

Black Sabbath originally started out as an electric blues band named "Earth", but after discovering there was already a band using that name they changed it, inspired by a poster for the 1964 [[Boris Karloff]] movie ''Black Sabbath''. Developing a new sound, drawing on the neo-[[Gothic]] [[nihilism]] of The Doors but relying almost exclusively on power chords, a bassier distortion and the narrative structures of progressive rock, they achieved almost immediate success both on the radio and in record stores.

==1970s==
In 1973 the leading exponents of heavy metal were undoubtedly Led Zeppelin, Deep Purple, and Black Sabbath, each having a technical prowess and a compositional inventiveness unseen before in mainstream popular music. This era also marked the beginning of the use of Satanic imagery and of the spectacular, energetic live shows which became a hallmark of heavy metal. Led Zeppelin's [[guitar|guitarist]] Jimmy Page had a strong personal fascination with the [[occult]], while many of Black Sabbath's lyrics dealt with it as well. Unlike many future bands, however, Black sabbath never claimed to be Satanic. Singer Ozzy Osbourne claims that they were actually looking for a way to tap into the success and popularity of the horror genre, where people willingly paid to see a movie or read a novel intended solely to frighten them; to do so, they began to purposely write dark, ominous songs in an attempt to be music's answer to horror films.

Live shows were becoming bigger and more theatrical, notably Led Zeppelin's "rock till you drop" performances lasting two hours, and Alice Cooper's colossal shows following in the American tradition of the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus, promising "The Greatest Show On Earth". Cooper's shows featured boa constrictors, horrific freak-show mannequins, and dramatic fake-beheading scenes. Other key artists that emerged at this time included High Tide, Black Cat Bones, Black Widow, Uriah Heep, UFO and Blue Oyster Cult, and glam rockers Kiss. Each of the four members of Kiss took the on-stage persona of a cartoon-like character using elaborate face make-up and a science fiction style clothing. Another American band, Aerosmith, took the basic R 'n' B and rock 'n' roll structures of bands such as the Faces and Rolling Stones and transformed them into a new harder form. The late 70s saw a decline in the popularity of heavy metal, as the Punk movement, beginning in 1976, dominated the musical counterculture.

==1980s==
During the early 1970s three British bands were formed that would arguably become the most dramatically influential of the genre during the 1980s: [[Judas Priest]], Motorhead, and [[Iron Maiden]]. The 1980s also gave rise to the American thrash metal movement with notable bands being [[Metallica]], [[Megadeth]], Anthrax, and Slayer. During the 1980s glam metal also became very popular with bands including Twisted Sister, Def Leppard, and [[Stryper]].

==Criticism==

A musicologist wrote:

:The development of heavy metal music in the '60s and its continuing popularity through the '70s, '80s, and '90s coincides, for one thing, with the period of the greatest popularity horror films and books have ever known. Both mark a transitional moment in our history: the end of Pax Americana; new economic crises; de-industrialization, the decline of unions and the rise of low-pay service jobs; revelations of corrupt leadership; powerful social movements challenging dominant policies on race, gender, ecology, and consumer rights; new challenges to the stability of social institutions such as the family; and redefinitions of political themes such as freedom. Much of the culture of the past twenty years has functioned to restore the sense of security undermined by these disruptions. Heavy metal, like horror films, has provided ways of producing meaning in an irrational society. <ref>[http://www.superseventies.com/stairway.html Dr. Robert Walser, Professor of Musicology, Dartmouth College] - author of ''Running With the Devil: Power, Gender, and Madness in Heavy Metal Music''</ref>

Heavy Metal music is often criticized for promoting violence,<ref>[http://jaquetteworld.chez-alice.fr/images/cd_audio/metallica_kill_em_all-front.jpg Kill 'em All]</ref><ref> [http://www.directessays.com/viewpaper/64763.html Heavy Metal Violence]</ref><ref> [http://www.theexaminer.org/volume5/number5/music.htm Filthy Music: It is time for the public to speak out.]</ref> sexual promiscuity,<ref>[http://www.theexaminer.org/volume5/number5/music.htm Filthy Music: It is time for the public to speak out.]</ref><ref>[http://www.av1611.org/rock.html Rock Music: The Devil's Advocate]</ref> and [[Satan]]ism<ref>[http://www.av1611.org/rock.html Rock Music: The Devil's Advocate]</ref><ref>[http://www.metalunderground.com/news/details.cfm?newsid=27796 Metal News - 35% of Metal songs have Satanic content]</ref> among impressionable youths. Satanism is particularly rampant within the Heavy Metal culture. Heavy metal is usually marketed with Satanic overtones and [[demon]]s are often portrayed on Heavy Metal album covers.<ref>[http://www.whatrecords.co.uk/live/pics/32249.jpg Iron Maiden Album cover 1]</ref><ref>[http://ironmaiden.webvis.net/images/Albums/Iron-Maiden/Iron-Maiden.jpg Iron Maiden Album cover 2]</ref><ref>[http://www.lyricdude.com/pics/iron-maiden/16.jpg Iron Maiden Album cover 3]</ref> Some Heavy Metal artists even heavily alter their physical appearance so that they resemble Satan himself.<ref>[http://www.teens411.com/newspics/mudvayne.jpg Mudvayne]</ref> A vast majority of Heavy Metal reject the teachings of [[Jesus Christ]].<ref>[http://www.theage.com.au/news/National/Church-arsonist-blames-heavymetal-hero/2005/05/04/1115092561935.html Church arsonist blames heavy-metal hero]</ref>

==Etymology==
The term was first used in a musical context by [[Canada|Canadian]] rock band '''Steppenwolf''' in their 1968 hit record<ref>Billboard Hot 100 singles chart: highest position #2</ref> ''Born To Be Wild'', which contained the line: "I like smoke and lightning, Heavy metal thunder..." The song received worldwide exposure the following year when it was used in the soundtrack of the 1969 [[counterculture]] movie ''[[Easy Rider]]''. However, the phrase "heavy metal" had previously been used in 1962 by [[William Burroughs]] in his novel ''The Soft Machine'',<ref>ISBN-10: 0802133290 ISBN-13: 978-0802133298</ref> which contained a character named "Uranian Willy, the Heavy Metal Kid". In 1964, he used it to describe mass technological destruction to the point of biological toxicity in his novel ''Nova Express''.<ref>ISBN-10: 0802133304 ISBN-13: 978-0802133304 </ref>

==References==
<references/>
[[Category:Music]]

Heavy metal music

2008-02-11T20:26:15Z

Osayat3:

Heavy metal music

2008-02-07T19:13:39Z

Osayat3: Restored criticism censored by Walker

'''Heavy metal''' is a genre of rock music, characterized by its loudness and aggressiveness.
It emerged from bands like [[King Crimson]], [[Black Sabbath]] and [[Led Zeppelin]], amid the [[society|social]] upheavals of the late 1960s. [[Rock and roll|Rock music]] was by then being recorded and [[marketing|marketed]] as a counterculture which opposed the normal and functional culture that was dominant in society, a marketing [[strategy]] which mirrored the developmental process of [[adolescent]]s, the main audience for rock music, who first reject the world of their parents, then once independent re-assess their own values, and finally rejoin society on the terms of these recreated values.

The first style of rock which grew from this was the loud, distorted [[blues]] sound created by [[San Francisco]] based [[psychedelia]] band, '''Blue Cheer''', whose influence on electric blues bands could be seen from [[Cream]] to [[Jimi Hendrix]] to '''ZZ Top'''. The second style was [[progressive rock]], which in 1968 was led by [[England|English]] band '''King Crimson''', combining jazz, classical, experimental, psychedelic and folk music. The precursor to this sound was [[The Beatles]], arguably the first band to leave the standard rock format, creating longer song structures, many of which were narrative or [[opera|neo-operatic]]. This was the main inspiration for later bands such as '''Camel''', [[Genesis (band)|Genesis]] and [[Yes (band)|Yes]].

The third strand of rock music was the emerging "dark rock" epitomized by [[The Doors]]. Where other rock bands had focused on love or peace, the Doors brought a [[Nietzsche]]-inspired morbid subconscious psychedelia to rock music, and were the origins of much of the neo-[[Romanticism]] which later bloomed into Heavy metal.

By 1969, the influence of these seminal artists had saturated those parts of the public consciousness which were focused on rock music as a developing art form, and contributed to the explosion of hard rock by, for example, [[Led Zeppelin]] and [[Deep Purple]] and the so-called "proto-metal" of '''Black Sabbath'''. This year is now seen as the watershed for loud forms of rock, which hybridized in the next decade and became the Heavy metal as recognized today.

Black Sabbath originally started out as an electric blues band named "Earth", but after discovering there was already a band using that name they changed it, inspired by a poster for the 1964 [[Boris Karloff]] movie ''Black Sabbath''. Developing a new sound, drawing on the neo-[[Gothic]] [[nihilism]] of The Doors but relying almost exclusively on power chords, a bassier distortion and the narrative structures of progressive rock, they achieved almost immediate success both on the radio and in record stores.

==1970s==
In 1973 the leading exponents of heavy metal were undoubtedly Led Zeppelin, Deep Purple, and Black Sabbath, each having a technical prowess and a compositional inventiveness unseen before in mainstream popular music. This era also marked the beginning of the use of Satanic imagery and of the spectacular, energetic live shows which became a hallmark of heavy metal. Led Zeppelin's [[guitar|guitarist]] Jimmy Page had a strong personal fascination with the [[occult]], while many of Black Sabbath's lyrics dealt with it as well. Unlike many future bands, however, Black sabbath never claimed to be Satanic. Singer Ozzy Osbourne claims that they were actually looking for a way to tap into the success and popularity of the horror genre, where people willingly paid to see a movie or read a novel intended solely to frighten them; to do so, they began to purposely write dark, ominous songs in an attempt to be music's answer to horror films.

Live shows were becoming bigger and more theatrical, notably Led Zeppelin's "rock till you drop" performances lasting two hours, and Alice Cooper's colossal shows following in the American tradition of the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus, promising "The Greatest Show On Earth". Cooper's shows featured boa constrictors, horrific freak-show mannequins, and dramatic fake-beheading scenes. Other key artists that emerged at this time included High Tide, Black Cat Bones, Black Widow, Uriah Heep, UFO and Blue Oyster Cult, and glam rockers Kiss. Each of the four members of Kiss took the on-stage persona of a cartoon-like character using elaborate face make-up and a science fiction style clothing. Another American band, Aerosmith, took the basic R 'n' B and rock 'n' roll structures of bands such as the Faces and Rolling Stones and transformed them into a new harder form. The late 70s saw a decline in the popularity of heavy metal, as the Punk movement, beginning in 1976, dominated the musical counterculture.

==1980s==
During the early 1970s three British bands were formed that would arguably become the most dramatically influential of the genre during the 1980s: [[Judas Priest]], Motorhead, and [[Iron Maiden]]. The 1980s also gave rise to the American thrash metal movement with notable bands being [[Metallica]], [[Megadeth]], Anthrax, and Slayer. During the 1980s glam metal also became very popular with bands including Twisted Sister, Def Leppard, and [[Stryper]].

==Criticism==

Heavy Metal music is often criticized for promoting violence,<ref>[http://jaquetteworld.chez-alice.fr/images/cd_audio/metallica_kill_em_all-front.jpg Kill 'em All]</ref><ref> [http://www.directessays.com/viewpaper/64763.html Heavy Metal Violence]</ref><ref> [http://www.theexaminer.org/volume5/number5/music.htm Filthy Music: It is time for the public to speak out.]</ref> sexual promiscuity,<ref>[http://www.theexaminer.org/volume5/number5/music.htm Filthy Music: It is time for the public to speak out.]</ref><ref>[http://www.av1611.org/rock.html Rock Music: The Devil's Advocate]</ref> and [[Satan]]ism<ref>[http://www.av1611.org/rock.html Rock Music: The Devil's Advocate]</ref><ref>[http://www.metalunderground.com/news/details.cfm?newsid=27796 Metal News - 35% of Metal songs have Satanic content]</ref> among impressionable youths. Satanism is particularly rampant within the Heavy Metal culture. Heavy metal is usually marketed with Satanic overtones and [[demon]]s are often portrayed on Heavy Metal album covers.<ref>[http://www.whatrecords.co.uk/live/pics/32249.jpg Iron Maiden Album cover 1]</ref><ref>[http://ironmaiden.webvis.net/images/Albums/Iron-Maiden/Iron-Maiden.jpg Iron Maiden Album cover 2]</ref><ref>[http://www.lyricdude.com/pics/iron-maiden/16.jpg Iron Maiden Album cover 3]</ref> Some Heavy Metal artists even heavily alter their physical appearance so that they resemble Satan himself.<ref>[http://www.teens411.com/newspics/mudvayne.jpg Mudvayne]</ref> A vast majority of Heavy Metal reject the teachings of [[Jesus Christ]].<ref>[http://www.theage.com.au/news/National/Church-arsonist-blames-heavymetal-hero/2005/05/04/1115092561935.html Church arsonist blames heavy-metal hero]</ref>

==Etymology==
The term was first used in a musical context by [[Canada|Canadian]] rock band '''Steppenwolf''' in their 1968 hit record<ref>Billboard Hot 100 singles chart: highest position #2</ref> ''Born To Be Wild'', which contained the line: "I like smoke and lightning, Heavy metal thunder..." The song received worldwide exposure the following year when it was used in the soundtrack of the 1969 [[counterculture]] movie ''[[Easy Rider]]''. However, the phrase "heavy metal" had previously been used in 1962 by [[William Burroughs]] in his novel ''The Soft Machine'',<ref>ISBN-10: 0802133290 ISBN-13: 978-0802133298</ref> which contained a character named "Uranian Willy, the Heavy Metal Kid". In 1964, he used it to describe mass technological destruction to the point of biological toxicity in his novel ''Nova Express''.<ref>ISBN-10: 0802133304 ISBN-13: 978-0802133304 </ref>

==References==
<references/>
[[Category:Music]]

Talk:Heavy metal music

2008-02-05T22:20:09Z

Osayat3: