Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Pituitary gland

2008-04-08T14:47:42Z

Parker:

The '''pituitary gland''' located at the base of the brain and is part of the human body's [[endocrine system]]. The pituitary is sometimes referred to as the "master gland" because it secretes [[hormones]] that act directly on organs as well as influencing the secretions of other glands. The pituitary is controlled by the [[hypothalamus]].

== Pituitary Functions ==
The pituitary gland helps to control a number of physiological functions, including growth, [[blood pressure]], [[reproductive organ]] functions, [[thyroid activity]], [[metabolism]], and water regulation.

== Sheehan's syndrome ==

This syndrome refers to pituitary insufficiency (cf. Simmonds' disease) caused by necrosis of the gland as a result of post-partum hemorrhage and shock.

[[Category:Anatomy]]

Elbow

2008-04-08T14:41:19Z

Parker: expanding

The '''elbow''' is the [[bone]] of the [[arm]] that bends inward and sections off the [[forearm]] from the rest of the arm. Elbows are constructed from a hinge [[joint]].

An elbow is a pointed concentration of hardened calcium that primarily acts as a joint at a simple hinge. It is one of the true biological weapons that a human possesses. In martial arts/boxing, the elbow is a true show-stopper that can have the head-splitting power of a baton. The elbow is also one of the coveted powers of the technique known as Muay Thai.

[[Category:Anatomy]]

Bipolar disorder

2008-04-07T20:47:22Z

Parker: expanded definition

'''Bipolar disorder''' (also called "manic depression") is a [[psychiatric]] condition characterized by extreme mood swings. There are two types of bipolar disorder: Bipolar I and Bipolar II.

This condition can wreak havoc on the life of the person that has it, and the lives those around the person. It causes feelings of extreme loss, guilt, and utter helplessness. Due to this unexplainable misery that many people with bipolar, sadly, end up committing [[suicide]].

==Bipolar II==

Bipolar II is characterized by swings from extreme [[depression]] to hypomania.

Hypomania is a condition characterized by overconfidence, creativity, ability to focus, and viewing of problems in a more positive light. Hypomania can lead to reckless and/or inappropriate behavior.

==Bipolar I==

Bipolar I is characterized by swings from extreme [[depression]] to mania.

Mania is similar to hypomania, but is more extreme and often includes [[psychotic]] symptoms such as [[hallucination|hallucinations]], [[delusion|delusions]], and/or paranoia.

==Sources==

[http://bipolar.about.com/cs/bpbasics/a/0210_whatisbp.htm About.com: What is Bipolar Disorder?]

== See also ==

*[[Paranoia]]
*[[Schizophrenia]]

[[category:psychology]]

Anxiety

2008-04-07T15:36:18Z

Parker: concept

'''Anxiety''' is a human condition that affects many people. It affects how we feel, how we behave and has very real physical symptoms. It feels a bit like [[fear]] but whereas we know what we are frightened of, we often don't know what we are anxious about. Mild anxiety is vague and unsettling, while severe anxiety can be extremely debilitating. Anxiety is small word which can describe a large set of emotions.

==Causes of Anxiety==
Anxiety is often triggered by [[stress]] in our lives. Some of us are more vulnerable to anxiety than others, but even those who become anxious easily can learn to manage it well. We can also make ourselves anxious with ''negative self-talk'' - a habit of always telling ourselves the worst will happen.

==How to Recognize Anxiety==
As well as feeling apprehensive and worried (possibly without knowing why), you may experience some of the following physical symptoms:
* Tense [[muscle]]s
* Trembling
* Churning [[stomach]]
* [[Nausea]]
* [[Diarrhea]]
* [[Headache]]s
* ''Backaches''
* [[Heart]] palpitations
* Numbness or "pins and needles" in [[arm]]s, [[hand]]s or [[leg]]s
* ''Sweating/flushing''

It is easy to mistake symptoms of anxiety for physical illness and become worried that you might be suffering a [[heart attack]] or [[stroke]]. This of course increases anxiety. We all become anxious from time to time. It becomes a problem when it interferes with life in the absence of real threat, or goes on too long after the danger has past. Avoiding situations that make you anxious might help you feel better in the short term. The trouble is the anxiety keeps returning, and has a habit of spreading to other situations. This can lead to you avoiding things like shops, crowded places, lectures or tutorials. So although avoidance makes you feel better, that relief is only temporary and you may worry about what will happen next time. Every time you avoid something it is harder next time you try to face it. Gradually you will want to avoid more and more things.{{fact}}

[[Category: Psychology]]

Paraphilia

2008-04-07T15:33:12Z

Parker: common philias

According to the [[American Psychiatric Association]], a '''paraphilia''' is a type of [[mental disorder]] in which the paraphiliac experiences "sexual fantasies, urges, or behaviors" involving non-human objects, suffering or humiliation, or nonconsenting persons.<ref>http://www.athealth.com/Consumer/disorders/Paraphilias.html</ref>

== Common paraphilias ==

*Axillism: The use of the armpit for sex.
*Oculolinctus (also known as "worming"): is a paraphilia whereby people are aroused by licking their partner's eyeballs and or having their eyeballs licked.
*Siderodromophilia: Arousal from riding in trains.
*Toad stool: The bizarre act of squatting like a toad.

==References==
<references/>

[[category:psychology]]

Anorexia nervosa

2008-04-07T14:58:15Z

Parker: sources

'''Anorexia nervosa''' is a [[syndrome]] marked by severe [[crash diet]]ing and [[fast]]ing, often motivated by a belief that one is "too fat" despite being well below average weight.

It is a disorder in which the individual has a body image distortion and an intense fear of becoming [[overweight]] and therefore eats far too little to sustain normal body functions. It usually manifests itself in an extremely unhealthy body image. If left untreated, it can lead to serious physiology injury or death.

*Anorexia is more than just a problem with food. It is a way of using food or starving oneself to feel more in control of life and to ease tension, anger, and anxiety. Most people with anorexia are female.<ref>[http://www.4women.gov/faq/easyread/anorexia-etr.htm]</ref>

== Epidemiology of Anorexia ==
About 90% of those diagnosed with anorexia nervosa are female. Research indicates that its incidence is between 8 and 13 cases per 100,000 annually.<ref>Bulik CM, Reba L, Siega-Riz AM, Reichburn-Kjennerud T (2005). Anorexia nervosa: Definition, epidemiology and cycle of risk. ''International Journal of Eating Disorders, 37'' Suppl, S2-S9.</ref><ref>Hoek HW (2006). Incidence, prevalence and mortality of anorexia and other eating disorders. ''Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 19'', 389-394.</ref>The disorder most commonly occurs in adolescence.<ref>Lask B & Bryant-Waugh R (2000). Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence. Hove: Psychology Press.</ref>

== Factors Credited As Contributory ==

Many factors of society are at times credited with causing the number of eating disorders to increase. For example, the [[media]] perception of larger-than-average bodies as 'too fat', or something that must be changed via dieting, can contribute to many having an unhealthy body image. Also, some have cited society's pressure on women to be thin and desirable, and on men to be large and muscular, as something that can enhance eating disorders.

Research has also suggested that biological factors contribute to the occurrence of anorexia. For example, eating disorders in general have a [[heritability index]] of about 0.50<ref>Klump KL, Kaye WH, & Strober M (2001). The evolving genetic foundations of eating disorders. ''Psychiatry Clinics of North America, 24'', 212-225.</ref> Anorexia appears to be linked to dysfunction in [[brain]] [[serotonin]] symptoms.<ref>Kaye WH, Frank GK, Bailer UF, Henry SE, Meltzer CC, et al. (2005). Serotonin alterations in anorexia and bulimia nervosa: New insights from imaging studies. ''Physiology & Behavior, 85'', 73-81.</ref>

==Circular reasoning==

Many sources speak of the condition as if it caused itself. Anorexia is a syndrome in which a person chooses to starve themselves, out of an exaggerated fear of gaining weight. The National Women's Health Information Center, a federally sponsored program, claims that anorexia ''causes this fear''.<ref>[http://www.4women.gov/faq/easyread/anorexia-etr.htm]</ref>

==Variations==
The male version of anorexia nervosa, or any general wasting away of the body in men, is known as "manorexia". <ref>[http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=87993]</ref>
This disorder is commonly seen in depressed and/or [[homosexual]] men, where they take on the wasted appearance of starving children in [[third world]] countries.

Another variation of AN is the so-called "wannarexia". It affects generally a young female under 13 years of age who believes anorexia nervosa is a lifestyle choice rather than a [[mental illness]]. <ref>[http://www.heractivelife.com/women/comment/wannarexia-when-death-becomes-trendy]</ref> Often she makes an active decision to "start ana" in order to drop a few pounds. She may engage in anorexic behaviors such as self-starvation, but the root of her dieting is not the same as one who genuinely suffers from an eating disorder. Her desire to become anorexic may fade when she sees the true consequences, or when she sees a shiny object.

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

== Sources ==

Abnormal Psychology, Rosenhan & Seligman, 1984
==See Also==

[[Bulimia nervosa]]
[[Category: Psychology]]

User talk:HelpJazz

2008-04-07T14:33:50Z

Parker: Sources - Anorexia nervosa

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== Superb Blocks and Unblocks ==

Superb blocks and unblocks last night!!! Very well done!--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 10:08, 22 February 2008 (EST)
:Thanks. It's a pity people like that feel the need to do what they do. [[User:HelpJazz|Help]][[User talk:HelpJazz|Jazz]] 10:27, 22 February 2008 (EST)

== Bolding terms ==

HelpJazz, feel free to ask others, but I think the bolding of the key word in the entry is effective, as in [[deceit]].--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 11:16, 22 February 2008 (EST)
:I thought you were only supposed to bold it the first time, but if you like bolding it every time then I won't change any others. The manual of style doesn't really indicated either way. [[User:HelpJazz|Help]][[User talk:HelpJazz|Jazz]] 17:08, 22 February 2008 (EST)
:: The Manual of Style says to bold the first use. It doesn't explicitly say to ''not'' bold other uses, but that is the implication. [[User:Philip J. Rayment|Philip J. Rayment]] 21:19, 22 February 2008 (EST)

== Re ==

Oh come on, you know libertarian does not equal liberal. [[User:DanH|DanH]] 22:31, 6 March 2008 (EST)

:''I'' do, very much so. It's a rather large pet peeve of mine, when people confuse the two. [[User:HelpJazz|Help]][[User talk:HelpJazz|Jazz]] 22:32, 6 March 2008 (EST)

== Warning ==

Sarcasm in comments to edits will result in the blocking of an account, for obvious reasons. This is a high quality site and it will remain that way. Thanks.--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 22:58, 6 March 2008 (EST)

:I'm sorry. I was a little offended when you called me a liberal (twice), intimated that I wasn't smart enough to understand what you were writing, and then suggested that my claims of misunderstanding weren't credible.

:I probably should have held back the sarcasm but I've been sick lately (I slept for almost 30 straight hours Tues/Weds and had a high fever most of the time) and apparently don't have the restraint I usually do. I'll be going to bed soon; hopefully I'll be able to sleep off some more of this sickness and the grumpiness which comes with it. Good night. [[User:HelpJazz|Help]][[User talk:HelpJazz|Jazz]] 23:34, 6 March 2008 (EST)
:PS: Hopefully I'll get better by spring break; I'll have loads of free time for editing, and a lot of backed up class notes to convert to articles!

==I don't mean to be nosy==
Do you mind if I ask what school you go to? I know someone taking [[chemical engineering]] at Drexel, and it just sparked my interest when I saw you had the same major.--[[User:StevenM|Steve]] 20:18, 11 March 2008 (EDT)
:I go to [[Bucknell University]]. The logo's also on my user page :) [[User:HelpJazz|Help]][[User talk:HelpJazz|Jazz]] 09:36, 12 March 2008 (EDT)

==I can never get my head around it==

Why do people like you contribute here? I mean, people like you are honest, hardworking reliable persons who genuinely want to help out. But this place is little more than a hate site aimed at Liberals and Gays. Their Liberals and Homosexuality articles are the laughing stock of the Blogosphere. I'm a Moderately Conservative Blogger (I back mc Cain) and these ultra's make the rest of us look bad. Decent people like yourself are only an accessory to the broader betrayal of conservative principles, which these guys seem to parody every day with articles like [[Liberals and friendship]] or [[Gay Bowel Syndrome]] or [[Gay Bomb]]. Its absolutely amazing. [[User:McCain08|McCain08]] 13:29, 17 March 2008 (EDT)

:I'm not really sure how to take that. [[User:HelpJazz|Help]][[User talk:HelpJazz|Jazz]] 15:59, 17 March 2008 (EDT)

:Maybe he doesn't fixate on only a few articles and views the project as a whole. HelpJazz has been an invaluable contributor and doesn't feel he has to but heads on every small point he may not agree with. We can all find things we may not like, but there is always a great deal of improvement that can be made in other areas. To reduce our site to a few offending articles and ignore the rest is petty and is hardly something that a conservative blogger would do. [[User:Learn together|Learn together]] 17:25, 17 March 2008 (EDT)

::I ''do'' know how to take that! Thanks Learn together :) [[User:HelpJazz|Help]][[User talk:HelpJazz|Jazz]] 18:53, 17 March 2008 (EDT)

:Hi Learn Together,

:I'm just interested to know what you would consider to be an alternative article I could assess as being trustworthy and encyclopedic? I've hit random page 10 times and I've got, [[Dirge]], [[Decency]], [[Statute of Anne]], [[Lemon test]], [[African Americans]], [[Jonah]], [[Easter]], [[Canadian deuterium uranium reactor]], [[Ocarina]], [[Brisbane]]. Most of them articles are very short, with only the African Americans article standing out but even that is puny by Wikipedia standards. This place, as you like to believe is not interested in developing these run of the mill, largely unpolitical articles. It is obsessed by using Liberals as a catchphrase at every turn. Your right, the majority of articles here are apolitical. But the issue is not how many slander and deface homosexuals and Liberals, but the mere presence of a derogatory and (what seems to me) parody article demeans the entire site and its mind baffling how even minded people could even consider using the site. [[User:Wearethefuture|Wearethefuture]] 10:22, 18 March 2008 (EDT)

McCain08's thesis boils down to the crazy idea that by opposing evil, we are betraying goodness. That hearkens back to the heresy that when Jesus said, "Judge not," he meant that Christians should never evaluate any doctrine or deed to whether it is good or bad. Actually, what he meant is to avoid [[hypocrisy]], which is "judging" without applying the standard of judgment to one's own self. This is the error that led to the downfall of TV preacher [[Jimmy Swaggart]] and NY governor [[Eliot Spitzer]].

In fact, it is liberals rather than conservatives who are guilty of this error. They constantly use [[double standard]] judgments, notably giving communists and dictators a pass - literally letting them get away with murder - while magnifying some relatively minor American crimes.

McCain08's comments appear hypocritical or simply pro-liberal when he accuses us of "slandering and defacing" homosexuals. Actually our [[Homosexuality]] article is factual and well deserves its top ten status in the blogosphere. It is rather the liberal media who slander Christians and Jews for standing up to the [[gay rights movement]]. It is rather liberal politicians who have made preaching the righteousness of the Bible a crime in some countries, and liberal administrations who have banned such preaching at many American universities.

Goodness must be trustworthy. To merit the world's trust, good people must expose evil - not only in others, of course (see [[hypocrisy]]), but all around. Confession is good for the soul! --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] [[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]] 10:34, 18 March 2008 (EDT)

Standing up to the gay rights movement? What are you standing up for? Really, put down Ann Coulter for a second and think for yourself.

Christ asks us not to look at the speck in our brothers eye when we haven't taken care of the plank in our own. This entire place is preachy, hypocritical and incredibly mean. Jesus would be weeping if he saw what his so called flock have produced.

Standing up to evil? Liberals are therefore evil? Homosexuals are therefore evil? And Liberals giving dictatorships a free pass... I'm sorry, where are you getting this nonsense? What is it that Bush said while campaigning in 2000 - 'I don't like going into another country and telling them how to do things our way' This was of course a response to the interventionist Gore, who advocated going into countries swarmed by civil strife. Clinton intervened in many countries (Though not enough in Rwanda) Read a book, ignoramus. [[User:Wearethefuture|Wearethefuture]] 10:55, 18 March 2008 (EDT)

:"[[Think for yourself]]" is a [[liberal code word]] for "reject wisdom merely because it comes from another person". --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] [[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]] 10:59, 18 March 2008 (EDT)

And he ignores the rest... Typical tactic, ignore what someone else says, create new saying and somehow fit Liberal into every second sentance. Helpjazz, how can you continue to work with these people? [[User:Wearethefuture|Wearethefuture]] 11:25, 18 March 2008 (EDT)

:Well, I didn't come here to argue or change minds. When I do interact with people, I do so in a kind and calm manner, instead of attacking that in which someone else believes. [[User:HelpJazz|Help]][[User talk:HelpJazz|Jazz]] 12:49, 18 March 2008 (EDT)

==Carter's mouth==

HJ, thanks for the [http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Negotiating_with_terrorists&diff=next&oldid=408189 permalink]. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] [[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]] 18:17, 18 March 2008 (EDT)

== Question ==

IS there a place I can ask the community as a whole something?--'''''[[User:FellowChristian16|Fellow]][[User talk:FellowChristian16|Christian16]]''''' 17:50, 19 March 2008 (EDT)

:Not exactly. For general things you might try [[talk:Main Page]], or for a specific issue you might want to try a related debate or article. There isn't really an announcement board, though. [[User:HelpJazz|Help]][[User talk:HelpJazz|Jazz]] 18:03, 19 March 2008 (EDT)

::I have done so and I would like you to direct as many people as possible to it cause I need opinions. I would like you to comment as well. [[Talk:No Mercy (2007)|Here you go]].--'''''[[User:FellowChristian16|Fellow]][[User talk:FellowChristian16|Christian16]]''''' 18:40, 19 March 2008 (EDT)

== Complaint, but then ... ==

HelpJazz, you complained about a lack of citations for [[abortion deceit]], but then did not help me fill in the citations. Why?--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 20:39, 22 March 2008 (EDT)
:It wasn't a complaint as much as a comment. I've been in and out all day, since I'm on a school trip, and haven't had a lot of time to search. I'm generally not good at finding cites for those sorts of claims anyway :-/ I'll see if I can dig anything up now that I'm back for the night..
:In general, I find it best if the person who put in the claim puts in his own cites. You obviously know more about it and better know where to find cites, whereas I would be starting from scratch. [[User:HelpJazz|Help]][[User talk:HelpJazz|Jazz]] 20:46, 22 March 2008 (EDT)

== Ron Paul ==

Thanks for pointing that out. I assumed he had because somebody had already removed him from the template itself. [[User:DanH|DanH]] 21:41, 23 March 2008 (EDT)
:Oh I didn't even notice that he was removed from the template. I think he's more or less given up so it's an easy mistake to make. [[User:HelpJazz|Help]][[User talk:HelpJazz|Jazz]] 21:53, 23 March 2008 (EDT)

== Hello! ==

Thanks for this:
PS: while "liberal" may mean "moderate" across the sea, "-4.00/-7.18" well... isn't ;-)
Quite true, and nicely phrased =)
I was thinking of changing some of that anyway, but it was night-time here. [[User:Europeanunion|Europeanunion]] 07:38, 30 March 2008 (EDT)

:Yes, well, the two-axis scale is something in which I'm pretty proficient :) I really like your userboxes, by the way. And I actually agree with a lot of them! (I don't know my exact score off the top of my head, but I'm somehere in the bottom right quadrant on political compass). [[User:HelpJazz|Help]][[User talk:HelpJazz|Jazz]] 13:30, 30 March 2008 (EDT)

== SofaZebra ==
Thank you thank you thank you.
Your's sincerely, [[User:Jellyfish|Jellyfish]] 12:43, 30 March 2008 (EDT)

==[[Geology]]==

Help? [[User:Everwill|Everwill]] 16:11, 31 March 2008 (EDT)
:I'm afraid I'm not sure what I can do. I know very little about geography (Christian or otherwise) and Philip's been studying creation science longer than I've been alive. [[User:HelpJazz|Help]][[User talk:HelpJazz|Jazz]] 16:23, 31 March 2008 (EDT)

::Quite frankly there are statements in that article which make Conservapedia a laughing stock. [[User:Everwill|Everwill]] 06:50, 1 April 2008 (EDT)

:::I didn't really read it. I'll give it a once-over and let you know what I think. [[User:HelpJazz|Help]][[User talk:HelpJazz|Jazz]] 09:57, 1 April 2008 (EDT)

I unprotected the article, and a quick glance shows nothing strange. I'd like Will to be more specific. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] [[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]] 09:58, 1 April 2008 (EDT)

== "Libertarian" ==

Just face it, you are a conservative. [[User:Bohdan|Bohdan]] 23:19, 31 March 2008 (EDT)

:As much as this destroys my street cred to say so, I differ in one essential area: I don't think that my conservatism should be pushed onto others through the coercive force of the government. If nothing else, you've got to admit that I at least have the lingo. [[User:HelpJazz|Help]][[User talk:HelpJazz|Jazz]] 23:21, 31 March 2008 (EDT)
::Ouch. You so have *zero* cred now. [[User:Bohdan|Bohdan]] 23:24, 31 March 2008 (EDT)
:::Yeah. Can't get a street loan anymore :( [[User:HelpJazz|Help]][[User talk:HelpJazz|Jazz]] 23:27, 31 March 2008 (EDT)
Admit it Jazz, you is YEC. [[User:Bohdan|Bohdan]]
:Nope, just open minded and respectful of other people's beliefs :) [[User:HelpJazz|Help]][[User talk:HelpJazz|Jazz]] 17:26, 1 April 2008 (EDT)

== Thank you ==

Thank you for helping me find out how to put in a signature. I appreciate it! {{unsigned|Adg2011}}

==Multi-use refs==

Please help me fix the refs in [[Little Black Sambo]]. One more good example, and I think I can learn to start doing it myself. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] [[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]] 10:23, 2 April 2008 (EDT)

:I think I got it. I couldn't change the first two refs, because they inlcuded text as well as the website, but I changed the rest for you. Basically one of your references (usually the first one, but it doesn't actually have to be the first) should be in the form:
::<nowiki><ref</nowiki> name="'''name'''">'''Reference info'''</ref>
:And all the other references just need to say
::<nowiki><ref</nowiki> name="'''name'''" />
:I always forget the extra "/" in the secondary refs. Oh and if you don't spell it right, it won't work ;-) [[User:HelpJazz|Help]][[User talk:HelpJazz|Jazz]] 10:35, 2 April 2008 (EDT)

== Night-Editing ==

The feedback has been very positive about your efforts, HelpJazz. I hope to be able to promote you to night-editing by the end of the weekend.--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 18:32, 2 April 2008 (EDT)
:Thank you so much Mr. Schlafly. I look forward to your decision. 23:01, 2 April 2008 (EDT){{unsigned|HelpJazz}}

Congratulations HelpJazz on your achievement. --[[User:JBuscombe|JBuscombe]] 17:46, 3 April 2008 (EDT)

HelpJazz, night-editing looks good but I have to wait on another Sysop's return on Monday. Thanks for your patience.--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 23:53, 6 April 2008 (EDT)

== Thanks ==

I'd like to thank you for being helpful and accommodating in the time since I joined; you have not been angry, accusatory or unkind at all. I do wish people could be more civil, recognise that more than one opinion can be legitimate, and at least try to prepare to change one's mind. I am also sorry that an agreement could not be formed: I know that it was unlikely on such an almost cherished article, but my views have been stated, and could still be acted upon (particularly about moving said phrase). [[User:Europeanunion|Europeanunion]] 13:30, 5 April 2008 (EDT)

:I do my best to be helpful. It's hard sometimes :) If you are having trouble with the more contraversial topics, I'd love to learn more about [[mathematical physics]]. :) [[User:HelpJazz|Help]][[User talk:HelpJazz|Jazz]] 00:52, 6 April 2008 (EDT)

== Sources - Anorexia nervosa ==

I can't recall good sources right now, but I'm working on it. Thanks!--[[User:Parker|Parker]] 10:33, 7 April 2008 (EDT)

Anorexia nervosa

2008-04-07T14:24:26Z

Parker: "Types"

'''Anorexia nervosa''' is a [[syndrome]] marked by severe [[crash diet]]ing and [[fast]]ing, often motivated by a belief that one is "too fat" despite being well below average weight.

It is a disorder in which the individual has a body image distortion and an intense fear of becoming [[overweight]] and therefore eats far too little to sustain normal body functions. It usually manifests itself in an extremely unhealthy body image. If left untreated, it can lead to serious physiology injury or death.

*Anorexia is more than just a problem with food. It is a way of using food or starving oneself to feel more in control of life and to ease tension, anger, and anxiety. Most people with anorexia are female.<ref>[http://www.4women.gov/faq/easyread/anorexia-etr.htm]</ref>

== Epidemiology of Anorexia ==
About 90% of those diagnosed with anorexia nervosa are female. Research indicates that its incidence is between 8 and 13 cases per 100,000 annually.<ref>Bulik CM, Reba L, Siega-Riz AM, Reichburn-Kjennerud T (2005). Anorexia nervosa: Definition, epidemiology and cycle of risk. ''International Journal of Eating Disorders, 37'' Suppl, S2-S9.</ref><ref>Hoek HW (2006). Incidence, prevalence and mortality of anorexia and other eating disorders. ''Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 19'', 389-394.</ref>The disorder most commonly occurs in adolescence.<ref>Lask B & Bryant-Waugh R (2000). Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence. Hove: Psychology Press.</ref>

== Factors Credited As Contributory ==

Many factors of society are at times credited with causing the number of eating disorders to increase. For example, the [[media]] perception of larger-than-average bodies as 'too fat', or something that must be changed via dieting, can contribute to many having an unhealthy body image. Also, some have cited society's pressure on women to be thin and desirable, and on men to be large and muscular, as something that can enhance eating disorders.

Research has also suggested that biological factors contribute to the occurrence of anorexia. For example, eating disorders in general have a [[heritability index]] of about 0.50<ref>Klump KL, Kaye WH, & Strober M (2001). The evolving genetic foundations of eating disorders. ''Psychiatry Clinics of North America, 24'', 212-225.</ref> Anorexia appears to be linked to dysfunction in [[brain]] [[serotonin]] symptoms.<ref>Kaye WH, Frank GK, Bailer UF, Henry SE, Meltzer CC, et al. (2005). Serotonin alterations in anorexia and bulimia nervosa: New insights from imaging studies. ''Physiology & Behavior, 85'', 73-81.</ref>

==Circular reasoning==

Many sources speak of the condition as if it caused itself. Anorexia is a syndrome in which a person chooses to starve themselves, out of an exaggerated fear of gaining weight. The National Women's Health Information Center, a federally sponsored program, claims that anorexia ''causes this fear''.<ref>[http://www.4women.gov/faq/easyread/anorexia-etr.htm]</ref>

==Types==
Among the many variations of Anorexia nervosa is the so-called "wanarexia". It affects generally a young female under 13 years of age who believes anorexia nervosa is a lifestyle choice rather than a [[mental illness]]. Often she makes an active decision to "start ana" in order to drop a few pounds. She may engage in anorexic behaviors such as self-starvation, but the root of her dieting is not the same as one who genuinely suffers from an eating disorder. Her desire to become anorexic may fade when she sees the true consequences, or when she sees a shiny object.

The male version of anorexia nervosa, or any general wasting away of the body in men, is known as "manorexia". This disorder is commonly seen in depressed and/or [[homosexual]] men, where they take on the wasted appearance of starving children in [[third world]] countries.

==Notes==
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== Sources ==

Abnormal Psychology, Rosenhan & Seligman, 1984
==See Also==

[[Bulimia nervosa]]
[[Category: Psychology]]