Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Lines of latitude

2007-04-05T20:41:29Z

PaulRB:

Imaginary lines that run east and west circling our globe.<ref>Wile, Dr. Jay L. ''Exploring Creation With Physical Science''. Apologia Educational Ministries, Inc. 1999, 2000</ref> These lines measure north and south distances from the equator.

Imagine that Earth is a transparent sphere. Place one end of an imaginary straight line at the center of the Earth. Place the other end on the equator. No matter which diirection you go toward the equator you are in the equatorial plane. In the equatorial plane you are at 0 degrees.

Keep one end of the line at the center of Earth and raise the other end from the equatorial plane (It is a convention that "up on a map or globe is north.) along the edge of the sphere. If you raise it 45 degrees, you are at 45 degrees North latitude.. Wisconsin is at that latitude. Moving around the globe tracing an imaginary circle at this angle you will also find South Dakota, Mongolia, France, and Maine. If you raise the end of the line to 90 degrees North (straight up from the center) you are at the North Pole. There is no line here.

If you lower the line while holding it at the center of the Earth, you move into the southern latitudes. Madagascar is at 20 degrees South. Moving around the Earth at 20 degrees north, you touch northern Paraguay, southern Bolivia, and Australia. To be more exact the degrees of latitude can be divided into minutes and the minutes into seconds. Of course, to locate any particular place you also need the longitude. 135 East longitude runs through the center of Australia. You can look up the location of major cities at some sites on the web<ref>http://www.realestate3d.com/gps/world-latlong.htm</ref>.

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Geography]]

User:PaulRB

2007-04-05T16:36:47Z

PaulRB: New page: Paul R. Boehlke is a professor of biology at Wisconsin Lutheran College in Milwaukee, WI.

Paul R. Boehlke is a professor of biology at Wisconsin Lutheran College in Milwaukee, WI.

Microevolution

2007-04-05T16:33:36Z

PaulRB: /* Microevolution in Bacteria */

Microevolution, broadly defined, is the inevitable small-scale changes in [[allele]] frequencies in a population within the same species. Under this broad definition, this change in overall allele frequencies occurs with every birth or death of a member of the species. In other words, some generations of people might be taller than the last or shorter than the last based on the number of individuals who happen to have the "tall" gene.

Microevolution, narrowly defined, is the theory that [[natural selection]] can, over time, increase the overall reproductive fitness of a species. <ref>Evolutionists express their theory of "microevolutionary theory that natural selection should optimize the existing genetic variation in a population to maximize reproductive success." http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-intro-to-biology.html</ref>

== Microevolution in Bacteria ==

Microevolution is the process by which bacteria may develop resistance to antibiotics. We regularly use antibiotics to stop bacterial infections. When a colony of bacteria is exposed to an antibiotic, the bacteria are likely to die if they do not have genes that produce molecules to inhibit the action of the antibiotic. If the survivors reproduce, the colony will contain mostly bacteria that have inherited resistance genes. A second application of the same antibiotic will not affect them.

Genes to resist various antibiotics are natural for bacteria to produce because the many species of bacteria war with each other for more space using these chemicals on each other. In order to protect itself a given species of bacteria would at least have genes for resistance to the particular antibiotic it produces. Resistance genes can also be produced by random mutation, usually through mistakes in copying the DNA during cell division. Furthermore, bacteria can pass genes for antibiotic resistance between strains and even between species.

Because antibiotics have been used so widely in medicine, there is increasing concern about developing strains of bacteria that can acquire multiple resistances to most of the antibiotics we use. High compliance with infection control measures and a prudent and more restrictive use of antibiotics are the key measures to prevent epidemics based on bacteria with multiresistance.
----

'''Sources:''' <references/>

== External Links ==
[http://creationwiki.org/Microevolution Microevolution - CreationWiki]

[[Category:Biology]]

Linnaeus

2007-04-05T14:04:30Z

PaulRB:

Carl Linnaeus, aka Carl von Linné, or Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) was the son of a Lutheran pastor in Sweden. His father taught him to love the identification of plants. So influenced to appreciate nature, Linnaeus studied and became a medical doctor. However, at every step he was quickly recognized for his outstanding abilities in the systematic study of nature. He became a professor at Uppsala University, first in practical medicine, but then he traded for another position in the university to become a professor of botany. This was perfect for him. He was a good teacher and had many students. He took his students on field trips and even sent them to other lands to find specimens. He married and had five children. He appointed his son to be his successor. After Linnaeus died, his widow, needing money, was forced to sell his library to the Linnean Society, founded in 1788 in London. It is still preserved there.

Believing the Genesis account of Creation in the Bible, Linnaeus made it his goal to identify the original "kinds" that God had made. Assuming that God would be orderly, he viewed the creatures as "pearls on a string" and established a system of classification for plants and animals that is still used. Each species was given a Latinized name (written in italics or underlined) in what is called "binomial nomenclature" and then fit into ever larger groupings that subsumed the groups below.

For example, humans are named ''Homo sapiens'' or "wise man." Going from the smallest grouping to the largest, humans would be classified as follows:

Species: sapiens

Genus: Homo

Family: Hominidae

Order: Primates

Class: Mammalia

Subphylum: Vertebrata

Phylum: Chordata

Kingdom: Animalia

How the system works can be seen when one considered the scientific names of wolves and dogs. The species name of the grey wolf is ''Canis lupis'', the red wolf is ''Canis rufus'', all the domestic dogs are ''Canis familiaris'' (Some believe the domestic dog is the same as the grey wolf, ''Canis lupus''), the Coyote is ''Canis latrans.'' One can see that the genus ''Canus'' includes animals that are judged to be separate but quite similar. ''Canis'' joins ''Homo'' at the class, mammalia because both give milk to their young.

Linnaeus praised the Lord for what he observed in nature. His approach was to start with the observations and then to end by praising God<ref>Lindroth, Sten. "The Two Faces of Linnaeus." edited by Tore Frangsmyr, ''Linnaeus: the Man and His Work.'' Canton, MA: Science History Publications, revised ed. 1994, p. 11</ref>

At the end of his life Linnaeus did not believe that he had actually identified the Biblical "kinds." While he felt that he had made progress, his concept of "species" did not equal the "kinds." However, his system of naming and grouping earned him a lasting place in the history of science. Linnaeus relied on observation of physical forms. Today DNA sequencing is bringing new information about similarities among plants and animals that he would have enjoyed.<ref>"The Legacy of Linnaeus" ''Nature'' 446, 7133, March 15, 2007, p. 231.</ref> The definition of what a species really is remains a problem in taxonomy<ref>"The Species and the Specious" ''Nature'' 446. 7133, March 15, 2007, p. 250-255.</ref>

==References==
<references/>

Linnaeus

2007-04-05T13:53:10Z

PaulRB:

Carl Linnaeus, aka Carl von Linné, or Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) was the son of a Lutheran pastor in Sweden. His father taught him to love the identification of plants. So influenced to appreciate nature, Linnaeus studied and became a medical doctor. However, at every step he was quickly recognized for his outstanding abilities in the systematic study of nature. He became a professor at Uppsala University, first in practical medicine, but then he traded for another position in the university to become a professor of botany. This was perfect for him. He was a good teacher and had many students. He took his students on field trips and even sent them to other lands to find specimens. He married and had five children. He appointed his son to be his successor. After Linnaeus died, his widow, needing money, was forced to sell his library to the Linnean Society, founded in 1788 in London. It is still preserved there.

Believing the Genesis account of Creation in the Bible, Linnaeus made it his goal to identify the original "kinds" that God had made. Assuming that God would be orderly, he viewed the creatures as "pearls on a string" and established a system of classification for plants and animals that is still used. Each species was given a Latinized name in what is called binomial nomenclature and then fit into ever larger groupings that subsumed the groups below.

For example, humans are named ''Homo sapiens'' or "wise man." Going from the smallest grouping to the largest, humans would be classified as follows:

Species: sapiens

Genus: Homo

Family: Hominidae

Order: Primates

Class: Mammalia

Subphylum: Vertebrata

Phylum: Chordata

Kingdom: Animalia

How the system works can be seen when one considered the scientific names of wolves and dogs. The species name of the grey wolf is ''Canis lupis'', the red wolf is ''Canis rufus'', all the domestic dogs are ''Canis familiaris'' (Some believe the domestic dog is the same as the grey wolf, ''Canis lupus''), the Coyote is ''Canis latrans.'' One can see that the genus ''Canus'' includes animals that are judged to separate but quite similar. ''Canis'' joins ''Homo'' at the class, mammalia because both give milk to their young.

Linnaeus praised the Lord for what he observed in nature. His approach was to start with the observations and then to end by praising God<ref>Lindroth, Sten. "The Two Faces of Linnaeus." edited by Tore Frangsmyr, ''Linnaeus: the Man and His Work.'' Canton, MA: Science History Publications, revised ed. 1994, p. 11</ref>

At the end of his life Linnaeus did not believe that he had actually identified the Biblical "kinds." While he felt that he had made progress, his concept of "species" did not equal the "kinds." However, his system of naming and grouping earned him a lasting place in the history of science. Linnaeus relied on observation of physical forms. Today DNA sequencing is bringing new information about similarities among plants and animals that he would have enjoyed.<ref>"The Legacy of Linnaeus" ''Nature'' 446, 7133, March 15, 2007, p. 231.</ref> The definition of what a species really is remains a problem in taxonomy<ref>"The Species and the Specious" ''Nature'' 446. 7133, March 15, 2007, p. 250-255.

==References==
<references/>

Linnaeus

2007-04-04T21:24:44Z

PaulRB:

Carl Linnaeus, aka Carl von Linné, or Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) was the son of a Lutheran pastor in Sweden. His father taught him to love the identification of plants. So influenced to appreciate nature, Linnaeus studied and became a medical doctor. However, at every step he was quickly recognized for his outstanding abilities in the study of nature. He became a professor ay Uppsala University, first in practical medicine, but then he traded for another position to become a professor of botany. This was perfect for him. He was a good teacher and had many students. He took his students on field trips and even sent them to other lands to find specimens. He married and had five children. He appointed his son to be his successor. After he died, his widow was forced to sell his library because she needed money

Believing the Genesis account of Creation in the Bible, Linnaeus made it his goal to identify the original "kinds" that God had made. Assuming that God would be orderly, he viewed the creatures as "pearls on a string" and established a system of classification for plants and animals that is still used. Each species was given a Latinized name in what is called binomial nomenclature and then fit into ever larger groupings that subsumed the groups below.

For example, humans are named ''Homo sapiens'' or "wise man." Going from the smallest grouping to the largest, humans would be classified as follows:

Species: sapiens

Genus: Homo

Family: Hominidae

Order: Primates

Class: Mammalia

Subphylum: Vertebrata

Phylum: Chordata

Kingdom: Animalia

How the system works can be seen when one considered the scientific names of wolves and dogs. The species name of the grey wolf is ''Canis lupis'', the red wolf is ''Canis rufus'', all the domestic dogs are ''Canis familiaris'' (Some believe the domestic dog is the same as the grey wolf, ''Canis lupus''), the Coyote is ''Canis latrans.'' One can see that the genus ''Canus" includes animals that are judged to separate but quite similar. ''Canis'' joins ''Homo'' at the class, mammalia because both give milk to their young.

Linnaeus praised the Lord for what he observed in nature. His approach was to start with the observations and then to end by praising God<ref>Lindroth, Sten. "The Two Faces of Linnaeus." edited by Tore Frangsmyr, ''Linnaeus: the Man and His Work.'' Canton, MA: Science History Publications, revised ed. 1994, p. 11</ref>

At the end of his life Linnaeus did not believe that he had actually identified the Biblical "kinds." While he felt that he had made progress, his concept of species did not equal the "kinds." However, his system of naming and grouping earned him a lasting place in the history of science.

==References==
<references/>

Linnaeus

2007-04-04T17:18:11Z

PaulRB: New page: Carl Linnaeus, aka Carl von Linné, or Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) was the son of a Lutheran pastor in Sweden. His father taught him to love the identification of plants. So influenced,...

Carl Linnaeus, aka Carl von Linné, or Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) was the son of a Lutheran pastor in Sweden. His father taught him to love the identification of plants. So influenced, Linnaeus became a medical doctor who was quickly recognized for his outstanding abilities in the study of nature. Linnaeus made it his goal to identify the original "kinds" of the Genesis account in the Bible. Assuming that nature was ordered, he viewed the creatures as "pearls on a string" and established a system of classification for plants and animals that is still used. Each species was given a Latinized name in what is called binomial nomenclature. For example, humans are classified as ''Homo sapiens'' or "wise man."

Linnaeus praised the Lord for what he observed. His approach was to start with the observations and then to end by praising God<ref>Lindroth, Sten. "The Two Faces of Linnaeus." edited by Tore Frangsmyr, ''Linnaeus: the Man and His Work.'' Canton, MA: Science History Publications, revised ed. 1994, p. 11</ref>

==References==
<references/>

Mouse

2007-04-03T21:54:42Z

PaulRB:

A mouse (plural mice) is a rodent. There are many species of mice. The common house mouse that most people see is ''Mus musculus''. It is found around the world. The laboratory mouse, is widely used as an experiment organism in biomedical research.

[[Category:Mammals]]

Wisconsin Lutheran College

2007-04-03T15:47:30Z

PaulRB:

Wisconsin Lutheran College (WLC) is located on the west side of Milwaukee, Wisconsin at 8800 W. Bluemound Road<ref>http://www.wlc.edu</ref>. Established in 1973 it has grown to about 700 students. WLC has undergraduate degree programs in the arts and sciences. There are 20 Majors: Art, Biochemistry, Biology, Broad Field Social Sciences, Business Economics, Chemistry, Communication, Communicative Arts, Elementary Education, English, History, Interdisciplinary, Mathematics, Music, Philosophy, Political Science, Psychology, Spanish, Theatre, Theology. There also 23 Minors: All the above (except Biochemistry, Communicative Arts, Elementary Education, and Interdisciplinary) plus Coaching, Computer Science, Early Childhood (Education majors only), German, Language Arts (Education majors only), Natural Science (Education majors only), and Physics.

WLC is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association<ref>http://www.ncahigherlearningcommission.org</ref>. The teacher education programs are approved by the Wisconsin Department of Public Education. For several years WLC has been recognized as being among the top comprehensive colleges in the Midwest by ''U.S. News and World Reports''<ref>http://www.usnews.com/usnews/edu/college/rankings/brief/t1ccbach_mw_brief.php</ref>.

Classes are taught from a Christian viewpoint. All faculty are active members of the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS). The student body is mostly WELS but also draws other conservative Christians. Student/faculty ratio is 10:1.

==references==
<references/>

Wisconsin Lutheran College

2007-04-02T21:14:19Z

PaulRB: New page: Wisconsin Lutheran College (WLC) is located on the west side of Milwaukee, Wisconsin at 8800 W. Bluemound Road<ref>http://www.wlc.edu</ref>. Established in 1973 it has grown to about 700 ...

Wisconsin Lutheran College (WLC) is located on the west side of Milwaukee, Wisconsin at 8800 W. Bluemound Road<ref>http://www.wlc.edu</ref>. Established in 1973 it has grown to about 700 students. WLC has undergraduate degree programs in the arts and sciences. There are 20 Majors: Art, Biochemistry, Biology, Broad Field Social Sciences, Business Economics, Chemistry, Communication, Communicative Arts, Elementary Education, English, History, Interdisciplinary, Mathematics, Music, Philosophy, Political Science, Psychology, Spanish, Theatre, Theology. There also 23 Minors: All the above (except Biochemistry, Communicative Arts, Elementary Education, and Interdisciplinary) plus Coaching, Computer Science, Early Childhood (Education majors only), German, Language Arts (Education majors only), Natural Science (Education majors only), and Physics.

WLC is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association<ref>http://www.ncahigherlearningcommission.org</ref>. The teacher education programs are approved by the Wisconsin Department of Public Education. For several years WLC has been recognized as being among the top comprehensive colleges in the Midwest by U.S. News and World Reports<ref>http://www.usnews.com/usnews/edu/college/rankings/brief/t1ccbach_mw_brief.php</ref>.

Classes are taught from a Christian viewpoint. All faculty are active members of the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS). The student body is mostly WELS but also draws other conservative Christians. Student/faculty ratio is 10:1.