Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Tenochtitlán

2007-05-22T20:10:34Z

Reaganomist2: New page: The capital of the Aztec empire, built on an island in Lake Texcoco. The lake was largely drained and modern day Mexico City is built on the remains of the former Aztec city. ...

The capital of the [[Aztec]] empire, built on an island in [[Lake Texcoco]]. The lake was largely drained and modern day [[Mexico City]] is built on the remains of the former Aztec city.

{{stub}}

[[Category:Cities]]
[[Category:Mexican History]]

Tenochtitlan

2007-05-22T20:10:12Z

Reaganomist2: Redirecting to Tenochtitlán

#REDIRECT [[Tenochtitlán]]

Doxology

2007-05-22T20:09:24Z

Reaganomist2:

'''Doxology''' is a hymn or prayer of praise to God.

By tradition, the greater doxology is the recitation or singing of "Glory to God in the Highest," and the lesser doxology is "Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit."

Atlanta

2007-05-22T20:09:13Z

Reaganomist2:

'''Atlanta''' is the largest city and capital of [[Georgia]].

[[Category:US Towns and Cities]]
[[Category:US State Capitals]]

Necessities

2007-05-22T20:08:30Z

Reaganomist2:

'''Necessities''' are goods for which demand is inelastic. No matter how high the price goes, demand will still remain static, because they are essential. [[Income Elasticity of Demand]] for a necessity is less than one.

[[Category:Economics]]

Seljuk Turks

2007-05-22T20:07:23Z

Reaganomist2:

The '''Seljuk Turks''' were a [[Muslim]] dynasty of Oghuz [[Turkish]] descent that ruled parts of [[Central Asia]] and the [[Middle East]] from the 11th to 14th centuries AD. They gained power and defeated the [[Byzantine Empire]] in the [[Battle of Manzikert]]

[[Category:History]]

Malik Shah

2007-05-22T20:06:59Z

Reaganomist2:

'''Malik Shah''' means 'king' or 'emperor'. They were the sultans of the [[Seljuk Turks]].

Thomas Cavendish

2007-05-22T20:06:48Z

Reaganomist2:

'''Thomas Cavendish''' lived from 1560 to 1592. He led the third circumnavigation of the world.

{{stub}}

[[category:explorers]]

Chandragupta

2007-05-22T20:06:30Z

Reaganomist2:

'''Chandragupta''' was the founder of the [[Mauryan Empire]] in present-day [[India]]. Born 340 BC, ruled 320 BC–293 BC.

Chandragupta Mauryan established the Mauryan Empire in 322 B.C. [[Alexander the Great]] had conquered mush of India only a few decades before; Chandragupta expanded his realm by seizing these northwestern territories from Selucus Nicator, a Macedonian successor of Alexander’s. The Mauryan Empire grew into a large and powerful nation under the rule of its founder; it was perhaps the strongest Indian empire ever.

Chandragupta

2007-05-22T20:06:18Z

Reaganomist2:

'''Chandragupta''' was the founder of the [[Mauryan Empire]] in present-day [[India]]. Born 340 BC, ruled 320 BC–293 BC.

Chandragupta Mauryan established the Mauryan Empire in 322 B.C. Alexander the great had conquered mush of India only a few decades before; Chandragupta expanded his realm by seizing these northwestern territories from Selucus Nicator, a Macedonian successor of Alexander’s. The Mauryan Empire grew into a large and powerful nation under the rule of its founder; it was perhaps the strongest Indian empire ever.

Eric Bristow

2007-05-22T20:05:47Z

Reaganomist2:

'''Eric Bristow''' MBE is a British [[darts]] player born in Hackney, London on the 25th April 1957. Throughout his career, he was known as the "Crafty Cockney"

==Career==

He won his first world championship against fellow Londoner Bobby George in 1980. He went on to retain his title as World Champion in 1981 and win it again in 1984, 1985 and 1986 although he had to cope also with a surprise defeat in 1983 when the then unknown Keith Deller beat him in the 1983 final. He has finished as runner-up on four other occasions up to 1991.

==Showmanship==

His best known nickname, the Crafty Cockney, was given to Bristow when he visited an pub of the same name. The name stuck with him throughout his career. Always a flamboyant character, he wore a shirt showing a British policeman, the [[Union Jack]] and his title "Crafty Cockney" whenever he played.

Bristow became well known for his playing style, which involved sticking out his little finger when holding a dart. "My perked up right pinkie" he called it and it led to widespread discussion about his playing technique. When finally asked about it, Bristow admitted his style was "just for show".

Always a larger than life character, he would frequently wind up his opponents during matches with his renowned wit and visual japes. This was seen by some as poor sportsmanship and earned him the less complimentary nickname of "Dirty Bristow". Few would accuse him of this however, he was well known for his joking antics and japery.

Bristow was awarded the MBE (Member of the Order of the [[British Empire]]) for his services to sport.

==Controversy==

Although marrying his wife Jane in 1989, Bristow was accused of assault on her in 2005. Magistrates ordered him to stay away from the family home and he was remanded on conditional bail. Bristow was alleged to have punched her in the face during a drunken row. He was eventually cleared of the charges although his wife later filed for divorce.

[[Category:Sportspeople]]

Talk:Ehud Olmert

2007-05-22T20:05:14Z

Reaganomist2: New page: Another of my articles! It almost seems like I was one of the largest contributers to this site. That is, before I was blocked, of course. ~~~~

Another of my articles! It almost seems like I was one of the largest contributers to this site. That is, before I was blocked, of course. [[User:Reaganomist2|Reaganomist2]] 16:05, 22 May 2007 (EDT)

Real ale

2007-05-22T20:04:32Z

Reaganomist2:

'''Real Ale''' is the name given to [[beer]] brewed in the traditional way. Real Ales are reportedly tastier than the mass produced varieties normally served in [[pubs]] and offer far more choice of types and flavours. Types include [[ale]], [[mild]], [[bitter]] and [[porter]], each having distinct characteristics.

==CAMRA==

CAMRA (the Campaign for Real Ale) is an organisation which champions smaller brewers and campaigns for Real Ale to be sold in pubs and restaurants instead of the more common mass produced brands. CAMRA regularly perform surveys of pubs to highlight landlords who may be short changing customers by serving less than a full measure of ale.

==Examples of Real Ale==

As Real Ales are often produced in small breweries or microbreweries and are not mass marketed like Coors or Fosters, there seems to be a tradition of eccentric names given to the brews. Some good examples of Real Ale are "Dark Ruby Mild" produced by the small Sarah Hughes brewery near [[Birmingham]], Moorhouses "Black Cat" from [[Lancashire]], "Bishop's Finger" by Shepherd Neame in [[North]] [[Kent]], "Copper Dragon" from [[Yorkshire]] and "Radgie Gadgie"<ref>http://www.morduebrewery.com/beers/beer.php?beers_id=10</ref> by Mordue in North Shields.

== References ==

<references/>

== External links==

http://www.camra.org.uk

[[Category:Alcoholic beverages]]

Saladin

2007-05-22T20:04:18Z

Reaganomist2:

[[Image:Saladin.jpg|right|thumb|Saladin]]
'''Saladin''' or '''Salah al-Din''' ([[Arabic]]: صلاح الدين الأيوبي) was a [[Kurdish]] [[Muslim]] warrior who died March 4, 1193. He fought against the [[Christians]] in the [[Crusades]]. He was famous for defeating the Christian forces and retaking [[Jerusalem]]. Saladin was generally a successful general, but he was defeated by [[Richard the Lion Heart]](who was the King of [[England]] at the time) at the battle of Arsuf in 1191. He also suffered a major defeat at the Battle of Montgisard in 1177.

He first overthrew the [[Fatimid]] dynasty of Egypt, abandoning its [[Shiite]] religion in the process, and then conqured [[Syria]].

[[Category:Military Commanders]]
[[Category:Crusades]]

Anthropic principle

2007-05-22T20:03:53Z

Reaganomist2: oops.

The '''Anthropic Principle''' is a loosely-structured set of ideas which attempts to explain why certain observable features of the universe are the way that they are, and in particular why the values of particular universal constants seem to have been 'calibrated' so as to maximise the possibility of intelligent life coming into existence. The nub of the argument is that these constants could, in principle, have had any value and are effectively random. The fact that we see them as having these values is simply because we are here to see them. If the constants were otherwise, we would not exist, and there would be no observer to observe the values, and no questioner to pose the question.

Although they were not the first to suggest the idea, three separate versions of the Anthropic Principle were proposed by Barrow & Tipler (1986); these versions come in Weak, Strong and Final forms.

==The Weak Anthropic Principle==

In this version of the principle, Barrow & Tipler <ref>John D. Barrow and Frank J. Tipler (1986). <i>The Anthropic Cosmological Principle. </i>Oxford Univ. Press, ISBN 0-19-282147-4.</ref> suggest that the values of physical and cosmological quantities may be random, but are not equally probable; The values that they can adopt are governed by two separate requirements:
# That in the Universe there are places where carbon-based life can evolve
# That the Universe is old enough for it to have already done so.

In essence this simply says that we are here, therefore there must have been some way to get us here. We should not be surprised to find that any universal constants we observe would be configured in such a way as to allow for our existence.

==The Strong Anthropic Principle==

In this version of the Principle, Barrow & Tipler suggest that regardless of whether or not we are here to observe the fact, the Universe must (by necessity) have those properties which allow life to develop within it at some stage in its history.

In other words, in this principle, it is no coincidence that we are here; the Universe is expressly configured so as to enable and encourage the prospects of our existence.

==The Final Anthropic Principle==

In the most extreme version of the principle, Barrow & Tipler suggest that intelligent life (or something akin to it) is a necessary feature of the universe, and once it is created it can never be become extinct.

This version of the principle seems almost to imply that the sole purpose of the Universe is to create & sustain intelligent life; not only are the values of constants arranged to do this, but there seems almost to be some unseen force driving the Universe towards its goal.

==Criticisms of the Anthropic Principle==

In his web-page on [http://www.anthropic-principle.com/ The Anthropic Principle], the [[Tranhumanism| transhumanist]] philosopher [[Nick Bostrom]] suggests that the the Anthropic principle is only one manifestation of a much larger theory concerning self-location and observation. Within this he argues that the stronger versions of anthropic principles are simply confused, and while the weaker versions might be sound, they are in fact too weak to be useful. He argues that the current formulations of the principles are not formulated in any way as to yield observational consequences.
==References==
<References/>
[[category:philosophy]]
[[category:science]]

Anthropic principle

2007-05-22T20:03:37Z

Reaganomist2:

The [[Anthropic Principle]] is a loosely-structured set of ideas which attempts to explain why certain observable features of the universe are the way that they are, and in particular why the values of particular universal constants seem to have been 'calibrated' so as to maximise the possibility of intelligent life coming into existence. The nub of the argument is that these constants could, in principle, have had any value and are effectively random. The fact that we see them as having these values is simply because we are here to see them. If the constants were otherwise, we would not exist, and there would be no observer to observe the values, and no questioner to pose the question.

Although they were not the first to suggest the idea, three separate versions of the Anthropic Principle were proposed by Barrow & Tipler (1986); these versions come in Weak, Strong and Final forms.

==The Weak Anthropic Principle==

In this version of the principle, Barrow & Tipler <ref>John D. Barrow and Frank J. Tipler (1986). <i>The Anthropic Cosmological Principle. </i>Oxford Univ. Press, ISBN 0-19-282147-4.</ref> suggest that the values of physical and cosmological quantities may be random, but are not equally probable; The values that they can adopt are governed by two separate requirements:
# That in the Universe there are places where carbon-based life can evolve
# That the Universe is old enough for it to have already done so.

In essence this simply says that we are here, therefore there must have been some way to get us here. We should not be surprised to find that any universal constants we observe would be configured in such a way as to allow for our existence.

==The Strong Anthropic Principle==

In this version of the Principle, Barrow & Tipler suggest that regardless of whether or not we are here to observe the fact, the Universe must (by necessity) have those properties which allow life to develop within it at some stage in its history.

In other words, in this principle, it is no coincidence that we are here; the Universe is expressly configured so as to enable and encourage the prospects of our existence.

==The Final Anthropic Principle==

In the most extreme version of the principle, Barrow & Tipler suggest that intelligent life (or something akin to it) is a necessary feature of the universe, and once it is created it can never be become extinct.

This version of the principle seems almost to imply that the sole purpose of the Universe is to create & sustain intelligent life; not only are the values of constants arranged to do this, but there seems almost to be some unseen force driving the Universe towards its goal.

==Criticisms of the Anthropic Principle==

In his web-page on [http://www.anthropic-principle.com/ The Anthropic Principle], the [[Tranhumanism| transhumanist]] philosopher [[Nick Bostrom]] suggests that the the Anthropic principle is only one manifestation of a much larger theory concerning self-location and observation. Within this he argues that the stronger versions of anthropic principles are simply confused, and while the weaker versions might be sound, they are in fact too weak to be useful. He argues that the current formulations of the principles are not formulated in any way as to yield observational consequences.
==References==
<References/>
[[category:philosophy]]
[[category:science]]

Bacon's Rebellion

2007-05-22T20:03:23Z

Reaganomist2:

{{expand}}
'''Bacon's Rebellion''' was a revolt in 1676 by former [[indentured servants]] in colonial [[Virginia]]. It was led by an [[English]] immigrant, [[Nathanael Bacon]].

[[category:United States History]]

Bacon's Rebellion

2007-05-22T20:03:07Z

Reaganomist2:

{{expand}}
'''Bacon's Rebellion''' was a revolt in 1676 by former [[indentured servants]] in colonial Virginia. It was led by an English immigrant, Nathanael Bacon.

[[category:United States History]]

Escalator clause

2007-05-22T20:02:17Z

Reaganomist2:

An '''escalator clause''' in a contract is a provision that adjusts wages, pension benefits, insurance or loan repayments over time based on a change in overall living costs or changes in price levels such as the consumer price index (CPI).

Talk:George Rogers Clark

2007-05-22T20:01:56Z

Reaganomist2: New page: Hey look I found one of my own articles! ~~~~

Hey look I found one of my own articles! [[User:Reaganomist2|Reaganomist2]] 16:01, 22 May 2007 (EDT)

Clement Greenberg

2007-05-22T20:00:36Z

Reaganomist2:

'''Clement Greenberg''' was an [[art historian]] during the 20th century. He coined the terms "high art" and "low art", discovered/promoted [[Jackson Pollock]]. He was a heavy drinker and died of liver failure.
[[Category:biographies]]

Heian Court

2007-05-22T20:00:25Z

Reaganomist2:

{{stub}}The '''Heian Court''' lasted from AD 794 to 1192. It was an imperial court that ruled [[Japan]] during a period of peace and security. Eventually the Heian court lost credibility through its extravagance and waste and was replaced by [[feudalism]].

[[Category:History]]
[[Category:Japan]]

Hospital pricing

2007-05-22T20:00:03Z

Reaganomist2:

'''Hospital pricing''' refers to an ongoing controversy about how much more hospitals charge self-paying or uninsured patients compared to patients having insurance or being in government programs like Medicare or Medicaid.

Beginning in 2007, a new law in New York called [[Manny's Law]] prohibits hospitals from charging uninsured, lower middle class patients more than the best rates.

Also beginning in 2007, a new law in California (AB 774 (Chan)) prohibits charging patients making under 350% of the federal [[poverty level]] ($58,100 for a three-member family) more than the Medicare, Medi-Cal or worker’s compensation rate. This law also suspends certain collection actions against low-income patients.

Chromosomes

2007-05-22T19:59:54Z

Reaganomist2:

'''Chromosomes''' are packaged units of [[DNA]] and associated proteins.<ref>http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/disorders/karyotype/whatarechrom.cfm</ref> The chromosome carries portions of the hereditary information of an organism. The DNA is tightly coiled many times around proteins called [[histones]] that support the chromosome structure.<ref>http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/basics/chromosome</ref> The bound DNA units are called [[nucleosomes]].

==Physical Characteristics of Chromosomes==

Most chromosomes have the rough shape of a X. Each chromosome has a constriction point called the [[centromere]], which divides the chromosome into two sections, or “arms.” The short arm of the chromosome is labeled the “p arm.” The long arm of the chromosome is labeled the “q arm.” The location of the centromere on each chromosome gives the chromosome its characteristic shape, and can be used to help describe the location of specific genes.<ref>http://www.rothamsted.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/chromo.htm</ref>

The chromosomal DNA molecule contains three specific [[nucleotide]] sequences which are required for replication: a DNA replication origin; the [[centromere]] to attach the DNA to the mitotic spindle.; a [[telomere]] located at each end of the linear chromosome. <ref>http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/ghr/chromosomes</ref>

==Number of Chromosomes==

The chromosome number varies in different species. In humans there are 46 chromosomes, or 23 pairs of chromosomes (diploid), in every cell except the mature egg and sperm which have a set of 23 chromosomes (haploid).

==Cell Division==

Chromosomes are visible only during cell division, when the DNA is super coiled and condensed to facilitate distribution into daughter cells. Cell division in somatic cells (mitosis) results in the creation of daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell, a total of 46 chromosomes in a human. Cell division in the germ cells, eggs and sperm (meiosis), results in the creation of daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. This reduction in the number of chromosomes is important so that the original number of chromosomes is restored following fertilization of the egg by the sperm.

==Karyotype Analysis==

The chromosome constitution of an individual, karyotype, can be analyzed following tissue culture of an appropriate sample. The most commonly used sample is blood (using the white blood cells or lymphocytes) since it is the most accessible. However, other samples are used depending upon the indication: amniotic fluid cells, to analyze the karyotype of the fetus; products of conception, to analyze the cause of a miscarriage or stillbirth; bone marrow cells, to diagnose the presence or type of leukemia; and skin, to determine the presence of another cell line (mosaicism).

Cell division is arrested during metaphase, when the chromosome material is condensed. Following hypotonic treatment and fixation, the cells are dropped on a slide and then stained. At least 20 metaphase spreads are analyzed and 2 or 3 metaphase spreads are photographed. The chromosomes are arranged from largest to smallest to create a karyotype.

Chromosomes vary in size and in shape. The pairs of [[autosomal chromosomes]] are arranged in a karyotype from the biggest to the smallest. The [[sex chromosomes]] are placed to the right of the smallest [[autosomal chromosomes]]. Chromosomes vary in shape depending upon the position of the [[centromere]], the structure that holds the two arms of the chromosomes together. If the [[centromere]] is in the middle, the chromosome is metacentric and the chromosome arms are equal in size. If the centromere is off center, the chromosome is submetacentric with a short arm labeled p (for petite) and a long arm labeled q (the next letter after p). If the centromere is close to the end, the chromosome is acrocentric and the very short arm consists of a stalk and a knob (satellite). Based upon size and shape, human chromosomes are divided into eight groups: A (1 to 3), B (4 and 5), C (6 to 12), D (13 to 15), E (16 to 18), F (19 and 20), G (21 and 22) and the sex chromosomes, XX in females and XY in males.

Chromosomes are further identified by banding patterns created by specialized staining procedures to produce G bands, R bands, C bands, etc. The choice of staining procedure depends upon the information that is desired. Most commonly, chromosomes are stained with trypsin-Giemsa to produce the G-banded pattern. The banding pattern is determined by the degree of chromatin condensation and the specific DNA-protein present at the different sites on the chromosome. These banding patterns are distinct and consistent for each chromosome. Thus, one can reliably identify the chromosome pairs (e.g., although of the same size and shape, the six acrocentric chromosomes in the D group can be differentiated into pairs 13, 14 or 15 based upon banding patterns). The bands are individually numbered (e.g., 11q23 refers to band #23 on the long arm q of chromosome #11). :<ref>http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/genetics/medgen/chromo/cytotech.html</ref>

William and Mary

2007-05-22T19:59:29Z

Reaganomist2:

'''William and Mary''' were the first joint rulers in English history. They succeeded the English king, [[James II]] after the [[Glorious Revolution]]. The College of William and Mary was founded by William and Mary in 1693, and is the second oldest college in [[America]]. Mary died in 1694, and William ruled alone until his death in 1702.

William and Mary agreed to a new Bill of Rights proposed by Parliament which prevented a monarch from:

1. Denying the citizen the right to petition the monarch.

2. Infringing on freedom of speech in Parliament.

3. Suspending a low of Parliament.

4. Imposing taxes without the consent of Parliament.

Zheng He

2007-05-22T19:59:03Z

Reaganomist2:

'''Zheng He''' (1405–1433) was a [[Muslim]] admiral to the Ming dynasty of China. He took trips from [[China]] to [[India]] and the [[Middle East]]. Some have claimed that he even traveled to [[Africa]] on his voyages. However, historians more commonly give credit to the idea that Zheng's fleet reached the Americas rather than Africa.

== References ==

Gavin Menzies, "1421: The Year China Discovered America". Harper Perennial, 2004.

[[Category:China]]

William III of England

2007-05-22T19:58:50Z

Reaganomist2:

'''William III of England''' (1650-1702) also known as "William of Orange"; was the king of [[England]], [[Ireland]], and [[Scotland]] from 1682-1702.

[[Category:UK Monarchs]]