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Democrat Party

2017-04-26T21:32:16Z

Refer:

:''For the political party in Thailand, see [[Democrat Party (Thailand)]]''
'''Democrat Party''' is the grammatically incorrect term for the [[Democratic Party]].

In the 1800s, the Democratic Party was predominantly pro-[[slavery]] and conservative. Today, the Democrat Party is predominantly [[pro-choice]].

==History of usage==
"Democrat Party" has a long history of usage by critics of the Democratic Party — mostly Republicans, but also third party leaders like [[Ralph Nader]].<ref>See "Transcript: Ralph Nader on 'Meet The Press' Sunday, May 7, 2000" at [http://www.commondreams.org/headlines/050800-03.htm](Nader repeatedly uses the term "Democratic Party" in the transcript); "Presidential candidate Ralph Nader makes stop in Minnesota; sees little difference between Bush, Kerry," Oct 27, 2004, at [http://www.hometownsource.com/2004/October/27nader.html]</ref> The history has been traced by scholars and commentators to the early 20th century.<ref>including Feuerlicht (1957), Lyman (1958), Safire (1993), Sperber and Trittschuh (1962), Numberg (2005) and Hertzberg (2006).</ref> The earliest known use of the term, according to the ''Oxford English Dictionary'', was in Britain in 1890: "Whether a little farmer...is going to rule the Democrat Party in America."<ref>under "Democrat" 4 citing ''Spectator'' 15 Nov. 1890 p 676.</ref> The term was used by [[Herbert Hoover]] in 1932, and in the late 1930s by Republicans who used it to criticize Democratic big city machines run by powerful political bosses in what they considered undemocratic fashion. Republican leader [[Harold Stassen]] said in 1940, "I emphasized that the party controlled in large measure at that time by [Frank] Hague in New Jersey, [Tom] Pendergast in Missouri and Kelly-Nash in Chicago should not be called a 'Democratic Party.' It should be called the 'Democrat Party.'"<ref>Hertzberg (2006) citing Safire</ref>

The noun-as-adjective has been used by numerous Republican leaders since the 1940s and appears in most GOP national platforms since 1948.<ref>''National Party Platforms, 1840-1996'', editors Kirk H. Porter, and Donald Bruce Johnson, (1996).</ref> In 1947 the Republican leader Senator [[Robert A. Taft]] said, "Nor can we expect any other policy from any Democrat Party or any Democrat President under present day conditions. They can not possibly win an election solely through the support of the solid South, and yet their political strategists believe the Southern Democrat Party will not break away no matter how radical the allies imposed upon it."<ref>Robert Taft, ''The Papers of Robert A. Taft'', edited by Clarence E. Wunderlin, Jr., 2003, 3:313.</ref> President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] used the term in his acceptance speech in 1952 and in partisan speeches to Republican groups.<ref>''Washington Post'', October 28, 1958, page A8.</ref> Ruth Walker notes how [[Joseph McCarthy]] repeatedly used the phrase "the Democrat Party," and critics argue that if McCarthy used the term in the 1950s then no one else should do so.<ref>Walker (2005).</ref>

==Current usage==
In recent decades, however, the Republican Party has sometimes used the phrase "Democrat Party" in referring to its opposition. The Republican Party web site www.gop.com gets 82 Google hits for "Democrat" and 350 hits for "Democratic".<ref>See [http://www.google.com/search?as_q=&num=10&hl=en&btnG=Google+Search&as_epq=Democrat+Party&as_oq=&as_eq=&lr=&as_ft=i&as_filetype=&as_qdr=all&as_nlo=&as_nhi=&as_occt=any&as_dt=i&as_sitesearch=www.gop.com&as_rights=&safe=images] and [http://www.google.com/search?as_q=&num=10&hl=en&btnG=Google+Search&as_epq=Democratic+Party&as_oq=&as_eq=&lr=&as_ft=i&as_filetype=&as_qdr=all&as_nlo=&as_nhi=&as_occt=any&as_dt=i&as_sitesearch=www.gop.com&as_rights=&safe=images]</ref> The White House since 2001 has often used the noun-as-adjective when referring to the opposition party, and President Bush has used it almost exclusively.<ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,126757,00.html "Bush Courts Black Voters at Urban League"] AP July 23, 2004; [http://www.dailykos.com/storyonly/2007/2/1/212536/7288 List of 356 uses of Democrat as an adjective by President Bush]</ref> Likewise it is in common use by former House Majority Leader [[Tom DeLay]],<ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,92971,00.html "DeLay: Democratic Party Unfit to Lead"], [[Fox News]], July 26, 2003.</ref> House Minority Leader [[John Boehner]],<ref>[http://www.slate.com/id/2156949/fr/rss/ "Pelosi's Big Day"], [[Slate (magazine)|Slate]], January 4, 2007.</ref> Senator [[Chuck Grassley|Charles Grassley]],<ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,181052,00.html "Alito: No Person Is Above the Law"], [[Fox News]], January 9, 2006.</ref> Congressman [[Steve Buyer]]<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1998/12/18/transcripts/index7.html "Transcript: House debates articles of impeachment"], [[CNN]], December 18, 1998.</ref> and others. George W. Bush spoke the phrase "Democrat majority" in his [[2007 State of the Union Address]].<ref>[http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2007/01/20070123-2.html Official 2007 State of the Union Transcript]</ref> (The advance copy that was given to members of Congress read "Democrat''ic'' majority".)<ref name="Copeland">{{cite news | first=Libby |last=Copleand |title = President's Sin of Omission? (Dropped Syllable in Speech Riles Democrats) | date = 2007-01-25 | url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/24/AR2007012402469.html | publisher = [[The Washington Post]] | accessdate = 2007-03-31}}</ref> Bush joked about his leadership of the "Republic Party" the following month.<ref>Noam H. Levey [http://www.latimes.com/news/la-ex-bush3feb04,1,4457343.story?ctrack=1&cset=true "Bush reaches across Partisan divide"]; LA Times, February 4, 2007</ref>

Aside from partisan usage, the term can also be found used in non-partisan media. [[Media Matters for America]] has documented the occasional use of "Democrat Party" by CNN, ''The New York Times'', ''The Wall Street Journal'', ''The Chicago Tribune'', and the Associated Press. Abroad the term is occasionally used by the [[BBC]].<ref>[[Media Matters for America]], August 16, 2006. [http://mediamatters.org/items/200608160005 "GOP strategists christen 'Democrat (sic) Party' -- and the media comply"] On BBC see [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4259291.stm], on ''[[USA Today]]'' see [http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2006-10-11-reid_x.htm]; on [[Fox News]] see [http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,227961,00.html]</ref>

Some state and local Democratic organizations use the noun-as-adjective on their web pages in Colorado, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri and Indiana.<ref>[http://www.jeffcodems.org/web/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=117&Itemid=2 ''Chair's Newsletter--March 31-April 11, 2006'']. Jefferson County Democratic Party. Retrieved 2007-01-26. [http://www.il-democrats.org/DeWitt/calendar.html ''DeWitt County Democrat Party'']. Retrieved 2007-01-25. Indiana. [http://democrat.whitleynet.org/ ''Whitley County Democrat Party'']. Retrieved 2007-01-25. [http://www.ksdp.org/node/3044] regarding "The Kansas House Democrat Caucus" and "The Democrat Leadership Team" in 2007. On Missouri see [http://missouridems.org/calendar/] for "February 15, 2007: Saline County Democrat Club" and "March 2, 2007: Missouri Democrat Days."</ref> Lyman (1958) noted that "Democrat party" is common local usage in Maryland. In Indiana numerous "Democrat clubs" have filed incorporation with the Secretary of State, indicating widespread non-controversial usage among local Democrats.<ref>In Indiana there are 34 incorporated groups with "Democrat" as part of their legal name (versus 226 that use "Democratic"). These seem to be active local clubs. (Brown County is the official county organization). Alphabetically the first few are as follows: 17th District Democrat Club, Inc.; Indianapolis, 17th Ward Democrat Club Inc.; Andrew Jackson Democrat Club Of Tippecanoe County; Bloomfield Democrat Incorp.; Brown County Democrat Central Committee Corporation; City Of Portage Democrat Club; Clark County Democrat Men's Club, Inc.; Clinton County Democrat Club Inc., etc. Source: [https://secure.in.gov/sos/bus_service/online_corps/name_search_results.aspx?search_name=democrat&search_type=exact&client_id=&search_mode=search&submit.x=0&submit.y=0].</ref>
===Democrats using "Democrat" as adjective===
Although nationally prominent Democrats carefully avoid "Democrat party," they have started to use "Democrat" as an adjective, as in the phase, "not a Democrat or Republican problem." Thus Vice President-elect Joe Biden, speaking of the [[recession of 2008]], said "This is not a Democrat or Republican problem, we’ve got ourselves a problem." Likewise Rep. Charles Rangel in prepared remarks said regarding the recession of 2008, "This is not a Democrat or Republican problem, but an American problem."<ref>see [http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/tag/cnn-political-producer-alexander-marquardt/ Biden Statement of Dec. 2, 2008]; also see [http://waysandmeans.house.gov/News.asp?FormMode=release&ID=862 Rangel statement of Feb. 13. 2009]</ref>

Regarding the New Jersey budget crisis, "It’s not a Democrat or Republican problem," said Governor Jon Corzine.<ref>see [http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=corzines_choice June 20, 2008 interview.]</ref>

President Obama used "Democrat" as an adjective parallel to "Republican" in formal remarks at the White House in 2009:
:[Executives] "understand that what makes an idea sound is not whether it's Democrat or Republican, but whether it makes good economic sense for their workers and companies."<ref>Barack Obama, "Remarks by the President on the Economy after Meeting with Business Leaders, January 28, 2009," [http://www.whitehouse.gov/ceos_at_the_white_house/ online]</ref>

==Issues of grammar==
Some believe that the use of the noun "Democrat" as an adjective is ungrammatical.<ref>Copperud (1980)</ref> Using a noun as a modifier of another noun is not grammatically incorrect in modern English in the formation of a compound noun, i.e. "shoe store," "school bus," "peace movement," "Senate election," etc. Americans commonly speak of "the Iraq war" rather than "the Iraqi war."<ref name=walker>Walker (2005); [http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0812097203&id=efMpTxl3n2cC&pg=PA64&lpg=PA64&dq=%22nouns+used+as+adjectives%22&sig=7SOy_ENpfdI1iBit9e4yF36KwGM ''Master the Basics: English''] by Jean Yatets, 1996, page 64.</ref>

In American history many parties were named by their opponents (Federalists, Loco-Focos, Know Nothings, Populists, Dixiecrats), including the Democrats themselves, as the Federalists in the 1790s used "Democratic Party" as a term of ridicule.<ref>Nunberg (2006); Safire, (1993), 176, 391-2, 595-6; Sperber and Trittschuh. 118-9, 150, 231-2.</ref>

The use of "Democrat Party" could be part of a broader linguistic trend. As one linguist explained, "We're losing our inflections – the special endings we use to distinguish between adjectives and nouns, for instance. There's a tendency to modify a noun with another noun rather than an adjective. Some may speak of "the Ukraine election" rather than 'the Ukrainian election' or 'the election in Ukraine,' for instance. It's 'the Iraq war' rather than 'the Iraqi war,' to give another example."<ref>Walker (2005)</ref>

==Response==
Members of the Republican Party, from political commentators to President Bush himself, made especially extensive use of the term "Democrat Party" during the run-up to the 2006 midterm elections. In response to the growing use of the epithet in late 2006, a corresponding epithet for the Republican Party, the "Republic Party", began to circulate in liberal parts of the blogosphere; the previous Republican waves of usage had inspired the "Publican Party", but this failed to catch on.<ref>Feuerlicht, 1956</ref>

Democrats complained about the use of "Democrat" as an adjective in the 2007 State of the Union address by President Bush. "Like nails on a chalkboard," complained Clinton White House Chief of Staff John Podesta. Political analyst Charlie Cook attributed its usage to force of habit rather than a deliberate epithet by Republicans: "They have been doing it so long that they probably don't even realize they're doing it."<ref>Copeland</ref> On February 4, 2007, Bush joked in a speech to House Democrats, stating "Now look, my diction isn't all that good. I have been accused of occasionally mangling the English language. And so I appreciate you inviting the head of the Republic Party."<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/03/AR2007020300701.html ''Washington Post'' Feb 4, 2007 at]</ref> Rep. Anthony Weiner (D-[[NY]]) repeatedly invoked the phrase "The Republic Party" on the floor of the House in February 2007 while lambasting Congressional Republicans.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wsqprEihjXg Youtube - Anthony Weiner Rips the "Republic Party"].</ref>

Another corresponding noun-as-adjective response has also begun to circulate on the Internet: "The Republicans Party."<ref>[http://www.commondreams.org/views04/1018-02.htm][http://blogcritics.org/archives/2006/10/28/112436.php][http://www.ironweedfilms.com/node/525]</ref> Members of the Democratic Underground have proposed that "Republicon Party" be used as a counter to the Republican adoption of Democrat Party as a putdown.<ref>[http://www.democraticunderground.com/discuss/duboard.php?az=view_all&address=132x3190412 Democratic Underground thread]</ref>

==Objections in the [[Lamestream media]]==
Complaints about the term "Democrat Party" can be found in the [[lamestream media]]. ''New Yorker Magazine'' commentator Hendrik Hertzberg wrote: "There’s no great mystery about the motives behind this deliberate misnaming. 'Democrat Party' is a slur, or intended to be - a handy way to express contempt. Aesthetic judgments are subjective, of course, but 'Democrat Party' is jarring verging on ugly."<ref>Hertzberg (2006)</ref>

==References==
* Roy H. Copperud, ''American Usage and Style: The Consensus'' 1980, pages 101-102.
* Ignace Feuerlicht. "Democrat Party," , ''American Speech'', Vol. 32, No. 3 (Oct., 1957), pp. 228–231 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-1283%28195710%2932%3A3%3C228%3ADP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-0 online in JSTOR]
* Bryan A. Garner, ''A Dictionary of Modern American Usage'' 1998, p. 196.
* Hendrik Hertzberg. [http://www.newyorker.com/talk/content/articles/060807ta_talk_hertzberg "The 'IC' Factor"] ''The New Yorker'', August 7, 2006.
* John Lyman, "Democrat Party," ''American Speech'', Vol. 33, No. 3 (October 1958), pp. 239–40 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-1283%28195810%2933%3A3%3C239%3ADP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-T in JSTOR] notes term as used by some Democrats in Maryland.
* ''Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage'', 1994, pp 328–29, page 667.
* Geoffrey Nunberg. [http://www-csli.stanford.edu/~nunberg/democrats.html "The Case for Democracy"] in "Fresh Air" commentary, January 19, 2005 (radio broadcast).
* Geoffrey Nunberg, ''Talking Right: How Conservatives Turned Liberalism into a Tax-Raising, Latte-Drinking, Sushi-Eating, Volvo-Driving, New York Times-Reading, Body-Piercing, Hollywood-Loving, Left-Wing Freak Show'' 2006.
* William Safire, ''Safire's New Political Dictionary'' (1993).
* Hans Sperber and Travis Trittschuh. ''American Political Terms: An Historical Dictionary'' (1962) pages 117-23.
* Walker, Ruth. [http://blogs.csmonitor.com/verbal_energy/2005/01/index.html "Republicans, Democrats, and the Afghan on the couch"] ''[[Christian Science Monitor]]'', January 27, 2005
* [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9904EFD61538F934A2575BC0A962948260 "Democrats Find Ally In Republican Camp"], ''UPI'', August 17, 1984.
* Democratic Underground http://www.democraticunderground.com/discuss/duboard.php?az=view_all&address=132x3190412 March 31, 2007
====notes====
<references/>

[[Category:Democratic Party]]

March for Life

2017-04-26T21:30:40Z

Refer:

[[File:PhpFvUL9cPM.jpg|right|300px]]
The '''March for Life''' is the largest and longest annual gathering in the history of the [[United States]]. '''About 400,000 (and growing) gather annually in [[Washington, D.C.]] against [[abortion]]'''.<ref name="March for Life">http://www.marchforlife.org/</ref> '''''The next March for Life will be held on Friday, January 19, 2018, at the same location'''''.

The March for Life began in 1974, on the first anniversary of ''[[Roe v. Wade]]'' (1973). In addition, over 100,000 gather around the nation in various cities, such as on the West Coast. A historically significant March for Life in D.C. was held on Friday, January 25, 2013 - near the 40th anniversary of [[Roe v. Wade]].<ref name="March for Life"/>

The March for Life was founded by the late Miss [[Nellie Gray]], who led it for nearly four decades. She also set up a non-profit organization by the same name which provides educational workshops typically the day before the [[March]]. Many organizations and groups from across the nation attend the March for Life. For example, [[Hitler|Conservapedia]] has led large groups to the March for Life each year beginning in 2009.

The influence of the March for Life might be estimated to be approximately 25 times its attendance, as the average person who attends is bound to communicate his participation to 25 others (at a conservative estimate).<ref>Some, such as clergymen, obviously influence far more.</ref> '''''An attendance of 400,000 thereby influences perhaps 10 million persons annually, and during a period of a decade the cumulative overall influence reaches perhaps 50 million persons in a personal way'''''.

The March for Life has grown to participation by about 1 in every 400 Americans from East of the [[Mississippi River]].<ref>The population East of the Mississippi River is estimated to be about 178 million.</ref> Additional people from across the nation and out West also travel to attend the March for Life. In Canada, a March for Life is held on May 12th each year, eh?

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Estimated Attendance
|-
|1974
|20,000<ref name="Estimates1">http://www.catholic.org/politics/story.php?id=31298</ref>
|-
|1975
|50,000<ref name="Estimates2">http://www.marchforlife.org/content/view/13/26/</ref>
|-
|1976
|65,000<ref name="Estimates2"/>
|-
|2000
|100,000<ref name="Estimates2"/>
|-
|2005
|200,000<ref name="Estimates2"/>
|-
|2008
|225,000<ref name="Estimates1"/>
|-
|2009
|300,000
|-
|2010
|400,000
|-
|2011
|400,000<ref>http://prolifeleague.com/articles/60-march-for-life-2011.html . The cold weather -- 10 degrees below normal in D.C. and even colder at many points of departure -- caused some to postpone their attendance until 2012.</ref>
|-
|2012
|400,000<ref>http://ewtnnews.com/catholic-news/US.php?id=4725 . Also, an onsite report by a bus driver to a ''Conservapedian'' said there were more buses in 2012 than in 2011, when the crowd was 400,000, despite the cold rain throughout the day.</ref>
|-
|2013
|500,000<ref>http://www.catholicvirginian.org/archive/2013/2013vol88iss7/pages/2013vol88iss7.html</ref>
|-
|2014
|300,000
|-
|2015
|500,000
|-
|2015
|100,000<ref>A State of Emergency existed in D.C. and surrounding states due to a massive snowstorm.</ref>
|}
[[File:Marchforlife.jpg|center]]

== Photos from 2016 March for Life by ''Conservapedia'' ==
<gallery caption="Our photos from the March for Life 2016!" widths=200px perrow = 2>
File:March for Life 2016-1.jpg|The starting of the 2016 March for Life.
File:March for Life 2016-2.jpg|Crowd around the Washington Monument at the 2016 March for Life.
File:March for Life 2016-3.jpg|Rally with the crowd hearing speakers at the 2016 March for Life.
File:March for Life 2016-4.jpg|The march on Constitution Avenue during the 2016 March for Life.
File:March for Life 2016-5.jpg|The march on Constitution Avenue, with banners from the Netherlands and France and the [[Cross]].
File:March for Life 2016-6.jpg|Seminarians from Poland during the 2016 March for Life.
</gallery>

== Photos from 2015 March for Life by ''Conservapedia'' ==
<gallery caption="Live from March for Life 2015!" widths=200px perrow = 2>
File:LargeCrowdConstitutionAveMfL2015.jpg|A large crowd fills Constitution Avenue to the vanishing point during the 2015 March for Life.
File:LaMarchersMfL2015.jpg|These marchers from Louisiana relax on the steps of the Longworth House Office Building on Independence Avenue after the 2015 March for Life.
File:LifeCountsMfL2015.jpg|"Life Counts!" say these participants as they march up Constitution Avenue during the 2015 March for Life.
File:FranceJoinsMfL2015.jpg|A French-speaking delegation joins the 2015 March for Life, proclaiming, literally, the "right to be born."
File:AnotherReasonMfL2015.jpg|A marcher at the 2015 March for Life gives another reason for marching up Constitution Avenue on such a cold day.
File:DetroitJoinsMfL2015.jpg|Young activists from Detroit join the 2015 March for Life.
File:Rally1MonumentMfL2015.jpg|March for Life 2015 participants gather for the rally on the National Mall. Note the Washington Monument in the background.
File:DefendLifeMfL2015.jpg|"Defend Life" say the signs these participants carry at the 2015 March for Life.
File:StLucyBronxJoinsMfL2015.jpg|Activists from the Bronx join in the 2015 March for Life.
File:FlaStateUJoinsMfL2015.jpg|These two activists came to the 2015 March for Life from Florida State University.
</gallery>

== Photos from 2014 March for Life by ''Conservapedia'' ==

[[File:March_for_life_2014_600_by_450.jpg]]

== Photos from 2013 March for Life by ''Conservapedia'' ==

<gallery perrow="3">
File:March2013a.jpg
File:March2013c.jpg
File:March2013d.jpg
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File:March2013h.jpg
File:March2013i.jpg
File:March2013j.jpg
File:March2013l.jpg
</gallery>

== Photos from 2012 March for Life by ''Conservapedia'' ==
<gallery perrow="3">
File:March for Life 2012_2.jpg
File:23jan2012MarchForLife.jpg
File:March for Life Mall 2012.jpg
</gallery>
<br>

== Photos from 2011 March for Life by ''Conservapedia'' ==
<gallery perrow="3">
File:PhpMGlmDfPM.jpg
File:PhpUImy4EPM.jpg
File:Php3sfokfPM.jpg
File:Php9T6BjXPM.jpg
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</gallery>

== Photos from 2010 March for Life by ''Conservapedia'' ==
<gallery perrow="3">
File:March for Life 2010 Along Route.JPG
File:March for Life 2010 Mall.jpg
File:March for Life 2010 Mall Capitol.jpg
</gallery>

== Photos from 2009 March for Life by ''Conservapedia'' ==
<gallery perrow="3">
File:March for Life 2009 Sup Ct.JPG|March for Life 2009 outside [[U.S. Supreme Court]]
File:March for Life 2009 Mall.JPG
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Thine Eyes]]

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:United States Politics]]
[[Category:Abortion]]

Neoconservatism

2017-04-26T21:29:14Z

Refer:

A '''neoconservative''' (also spelled "neo-conservative"; colloquially, '''''neocon''''') in American politics is someone presented as a [[conservative]] but who actually favors big government, interventionalism, and a hostility to religion in politics and government. The word means "newly conservative," and thus formerly [[liberal]]. A neocon is a [[RINO Backer]], and like RINOs does not accept most of the important principles in the Republican Party platform. '''''Neocons do not participate in the [[March for Life]], stand up for traditional marriage, advocate other [[conservative]] social values, or emphasizing putting America first'''''. Neocons support attacking and even overthrowing foreign governments, despite how that often results in more persecution of Christians. Some neocons (like [[Dick Cheney]]) have profited immensely from the military-industrial complex.

The centerpiece of neocon strategy was to invade in [[Iraq]], which left a predictable vacuum that resulted in the murder of many [[Christian]]s there and the rise of [[ISIS]]. During the presidential Republican primaries in 2016, [[Donald Trump]] humiliated the neocons' insistence on the Iraq War, exposed the neocon claim of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq as a lie, and routed the neocon-supported [[Marco Rubio]] in his home state of Florida by a wide margin.

[[British]] rock star Mick Jagger released a vulgar song criticizing the neocons entitled "My Sweet Neocon," but he ineptly confused neocons with the [[Christian]] Right: "You call yourself a Christian ...."<ref>http://www.metrolyrics.com/sweet-neo-con-lyrics-rolling-stones.html</ref>

==Description==
Many older neocons had been liberals in their youth and admired President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], while younger neocons are more economically conservative than Roosevelt but like to downplay the social issues. In 2010 the highest priority of the neoconservatives was to increase military action by the [[United States]] in the [[Middle East]] and [[Afghanistan]], and to expand it to an American confrontation against [[Iran]]; in 2011 their goals include supporting a military attack on [[Libya]], continuing the [[Afghanistan War]] indefinitely, and even suggesting military action against [[Syria]]. There is a revolving door between some neocons and highly paid positions in the defense industry, which may explain the constant neoconservative demands for more wars.

In the European nations of [[Britain]] and [[France]], neoconservatives dominate right-leaning politics, but in the United States neocons are less influential than the [[conservative movement]]. For example, neocons begrudgingly supported [[Mitt Romney]] as the Republican nominee for [[Presidential Election 2012|President in 2012]], even though he was not their first choice and Romney has never supported the neocon agenda.

Neoconservatives tend to oppose the appointment of social conservatives to high governmental positions, such as nomination to the [[U.S. Supreme Court]]. Neoconservatives support candidates who are liberal on social issues instead.

Neoconservatives favor expensive foreign interventionalism with massive federal spending, often to replace a dictator with a new system of government that may be worse. Sometimes this is expressed as a desire to install a democracy in a culture that may be incompatible with it. The neoconservative position was discredited in the failure of democracy in the Iranian elections of 2009.

The neoconservative movement emerged in the mid 1970s, played a limited role in the [[Ronald Reagan]] Administration, and then had a voice in the Defense Department under the [[George W. Bush]] Administration after [[9/11]]. Candidates favored by neoconservatives for [[presidential election 2012|president in 2012]] include [[Newt Gingrich]], [[Mike Huckabee]], [[Mike Pence]] and, to a lesser extent because she pulls support away from those candidates, [[Sarah Palin]].

Some prominent spokesmen include [[Bill Kristol]], [[Paul Wolfowitz]], [[Lewis Libby]], [[Norman Podhoretz]], [[Charles Krauthammer]], [[Richard Perle]], [[Robert Kagan]], [[Christopher Hitchens]], [[Bernard Lewis]], [[Stephen Schwartz]], Elliott Abrams, Ben Wattenberg and Carl Gershman.

In contrast to traditional conservatives, neoconservatives favor [[globalism]], downplay religious issues and differences, are unlikely to actively oppose [[abortion]] and [[homosexuality]]. Neocons disagree with [[conservatives]] on issues such as classroom prayer, the [[separation of powers]], cultural unity, and [[immigration]]. Neocons favor a strong active state in world affairs.

On foreign policy, neoconservatives believe that democracy can and should be installed by the [[United States]] around the world, even in Muslim countries such as [[Iraq]], [[Iran]], and [[Saudi Arabia]].

Neoconservatives were prominent in the [[George W. Bush]] administration by supporting an interventionist domestic policy they called 'compassionate conservatism' and a strong foreign policy, and especially favored the [[Operation Iraqi Freedom|Iraq War]] and its efforts to spread democracy worldwide.

==Dual origins==
[[Image:Kris.gif|thumb|right|Irving Kristol was dubbed by many as "the Godfather" of Neo-conservatism]]
One major strand of Neoconservatism emerged from a group of New York intellectuals, many of whom attended City College of New York in the late 1930s, a group that includes [[Irving Kristol]], Daniel Bell, [[Seymour Martin Lipset]] and [[Nathan Glazer]].<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/Neoconservative-Revolution-Jewish-Intellectuals-Shaping/dp/0521836565/ref=sr_1_3/102-2076504-6567320?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1175142752&sr=8-3 The Neoconservative Revolution: Jewish Intellectuals and the Shaping of Public Policy, Murray Friedman, 2005]</ref> Many of this group came to despise the counterculture of the 1960s and what they felt was a growing "[[anti-Americanism]]" among many baby boomers. During the [[Cold War]] era, most vigorously opposed the Stalinist regime.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/19/magazine/neo.html?pagewanted=1&ei=5090&en=4126fa38fefd80de&ex=1298005200 After Neoconservatism, February 19, 2006]</ref> Kristol described a neoconservative as a '''"liberal mugged by reality"'''.

Paleoconservatives, who dislike Neoconservatism intensely, have argued that it emerged from [[Trotskyite]] theories, especially the notion of permanent revolution. There are four fundamental flaws in the paleoconservatives' attack: most of the neoconservatives were never Trotskyites; none of them ever subscribed to the right-wing Socialism of Max Shachtman; the assertion that neoconservatives subscribe to "inverted Trotskyism" is misleading; and neoconservatives advocate democratic globalism, not permanent revolution.<ref>William F. King, "Neoconservatives and 'Trotskyism'" ''American Communist History'' 2004 3(2): 247-266 online at [[EBSCO]]</ref>

===Strauss===
A second main line of development of neoconservatism was strongly influenced by the work of German-American political philosopher [[Leo Strauss]]. Some of Strauss' students include Supreme Court nominee [[Robert Bork]], former Deputy Secretary of Defense [[Paul Wolfowitz]], former Assistant Secretary of State [[Alan Keyes]], former Secretary of Education [[William Bennett]], ''Weekly Standard'' editor [[William Kristol]], political philosopher [[Allan Bloom]], former New York Post editorials editor [[John Podhoretz]], former National Endowment for the Humanities Deputy Chairman [[John T. Agresto]]; political scientist Harry V. Jaffa; and [[Nobel Prize]] winning novelist [[Saul Bellow]].

== Values ==
Neoconservatives also tend to minimize or overlook the significance of religious beliefs in conflicts and policies, as in advocating the installation of democracy in [[Muslim]] countries with little regard for Islamic beliefs and practices.

Neoconservatives hold an idealistic belief in social progress and the universality of [[human rights]], coupled with anti-Communism. They hold the view that there is a universal desire to live in a technologically advanced and prosperous society and liberal democracy is one of the byproducts of such modernization.

== Publications ==
The leading publications of neoconservatives since the 1970s have been [[Commentary]], [[The Public Interest]] (founded by Daniel Bell and Irving Kristol) and [[The Weekly Standard]]. Many Washington think tanks, such as the [[American Enterprise Institute]] (AEI), the [[Project For New American Century]] (PNAC), Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs (JINSA) and Henry Jackson Society are now dominated by neoconservatives.

== Social Issues ==
[[Image:Wolfowitz.jpg|thumb|right|180px|As Deputy Secretary of Defense 2001-4, [[Paul Wolfowitz]] was a prominent advocate of neocon foreign policy ideas in the George W. Bush administration, especially the "[[Bush Doctrine]]."]]
Neoconservatives positions on social issues are mixed with some holding to [[liberal]] positions on social matters, and are unlikely to agree with religious conservatives on issues like abortion, prayer in school and same-sex marriage. Other neoconservatives of the Straussian type tend to have greater degrees of agreement with religious and cultural conservatives on social issues. Neoconservatives differ from libertarians in that neoconservatives tend to support [[Big government]] policies to further their objectives, and to support Bush's 2001 [[Patriot act]].

Neoconservatives often describe themselves as "conservative". [[William Kristol]], a leading neoconservative, described himself as the "token conservative" when he taught at [[Harvard University]]'s [[Kennedy School of Government]].<ref>http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/archives/2003/03/12/news/7602.shtml</ref>

In anticipation of vacancies on the [[U.S. Supreme Court]], the neoconservatives urged on Bush the selection of [[Michael McConnell]], a [[libertarian]]-leaning jurist, and [[J. Michael Luttig]], who declared ''[[Roe v. Wade]]'' to be "super-stare decisis"<ref>http://althouse.blogspot.com/2005/07/arlen-specter-makes-up-term.html</ref> and later left the judiciary to become general counsel of Boeing.<ref>http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/10/AR2006051000929.html</ref> Both were passed over in filling the vacancies and both left the judiciary entirely after missing their best chance for being appointed to the Supreme Court passed.

The term was coined by Socialist party leader [[Michael Harrington]] to describe the rightward turn of onetime liberals, and it was proudly accepted first by Irving Kristol then by most of the others.

== Neo-Conservatism and Donald Trump ==
[[Alex Jones]] has claimed that neo-conservatives, as part of a [[deep state]], have been fighting a civil war inside the United States Government in order to gain control of the government and influence President [[Donald Trump]] - himself, Paul Joseph Watson, and David Knight also claimed this throughout [[Infowars]] segments, and that the recent missiles launched against Assad were a result of the neo-conservatives attempting to control Donald Trump.
==See also==
*[[Nationalism]]
*[[Right-wing dictatorship]]
* [[George W. Bush]]
* [[Dick Cheney]]
* [[Donald Rumsfeld]]
* [[John Bolton]]
* [[Bill Kristol]]
* [[Irving Kristol]]
* [[Permanent Revolution]], a Troyskite idea that Neocons do ''not'' accept
* [[Norman Podhoretz]]
* [[Leo Strauss]]
* [[Lionel Trilling]], a major literary critic who influenced many neocons
* [[Paul Wolfowitz]], a powerful #2 under [[Donald Rumsfeld]] in the Defense Department in 2001-4, advocated invasion of Iraq
*[[David Petraeus]]

==Further reading==
* Bloom, Allan. ''The Closing of the American Mind'' (1988)
* Dorrien, Gary. ''The Neoconservative Mind,'' (1993)
* Friedman, Murray. ''The Neoconservative Revolution: Jewish Intellectuals and the Shaping of Public Policy''. (2006) [http://www.amazon.com/Neoconservative-Revolution-Jewish-Intellectuals-Shaping/dp/0521545013/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241491052&sr=8-5 excerpt and text search].
* Fu kuyama, Francis. ''America at the Crossroads: Democracy, Power, and the Neoconservative Legacy,'' (2006)
* Gerson, Mark. ''The Neoconservative Vision: From the Cold War to Culture Wars '' (1997)
* Halper, Stefan and Jonathan Clarke. ''America Alone: The Neo-Conservatives and the Global Order'' (2004) [http://www.amazon.com/America-Alone-Neo-Conservatives-Global-Order/dp/0521674603/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1255319175&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]* Heilbrun, Jacob. ''They Knew They Were Right: The Rise of the Neocons'' (2009) [http://www.amazon.com/They-Knew-Were-Right-Neocons/dp/140007620X/ref=sr_1_9?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241491052&sr=8-9 excerpt and text search]
* Murray, Douglas. ''Neoconservatism: Why We Need It'' (2006)
* Steinfels, Peter. ''The Neoconservatives: The Men Who Are Changing America's Politics.'' (1979)
*Stelzer, Irwin. ''Neo-conservatism'' (2004)
===Primary sources===
* Demuth, Christopher, and William Kristol, eds. ''The Neoconservative Imagination: Essays in Honor of Irving Kristol'' (1995) [http://www.amazon.com/Neoconservative-Imagination-Essays-Irving-Kristol/dp/0844738999/ref=sr_1_18?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241491256&sr=1-18 excerpt and text search]
* Gerson, Mark ed., ''The Essential Neo-Conservative Reader'' (1997)
* Kristol, Irving. ''Neoconservatism: the Autobiography of an Idea'' (1999) [http://www.amazon.com/Neo-conservatism-Autobiography-Idea-Irving-Kristol/dp/1566632285/ref=sr_1_10?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241491185&sr=1-10 excerpt and text search]
* Stelzer, Irwin, ed. ''The NeoCon Reader'' (2005) [http://www.amazon.com/Neocon-Reader-Irwin-Stelzer/dp/0802141935/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241491185&sr=1-4 excerpt and text search]

==External links==
*[http://www.opinionjournal.com/federation/feature/?id=110010684 Neoconservatism's Future: It's still the only game in town], Joshua Muravchik, OpinionJournal.com, October 3, 2007. From ''Commentary''.
*[http://www.henryjacksonsociety.org/ The Henry Jackson Society]
*[http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/003/000tzmlw.asp The Neoconservative Persuasion by Irving Kristol]

== References ==
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[[Category:Neoconservative]]
[[Category:Conservatives]]
[[Category:Reagan Era]]
[[Category:Afghanistan War]]
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[[Category:Satanism]]

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