Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Sovereign debt

2011-07-21T02:29:07Z

ThoughtfulMonkey: /* External links */

Sovereign debt is a synonym for central/national government debt.

Sovereign debt refers to debts incurred by a government through the issuance of bonds. Sales of government bonds are used as a means of managing a nation's money supply, managing fluctuations in the value of a currency versus other foreign currencies, and as a means of generating revenue for the provision of government services. In the United States bonds are issued by the Federal Reserve in 2, 10 and 30 year intervals. In a bond auction bidders offer up bids for bonds that have a fixed value at maturity. Bond yields move inversely to prices. That means that if someone is purchasing a bond that has a fixed value of $100,000 at its date of maturity, the bond purchaser would offer a price for that bond, and the interest is calculated as the amount of accrued and compound interest represented by the increase of value over the life of the bond as it approaches its $100,000 face maturity value.

National Debt

The US National Debt represents the total outstanding balance of all bonds sold by the Federal Reserve of the United States over the course of the last 30 years.

[[Category: Economics]]
[[Category: Finance]]

Age of the Earth

2011-07-21T02:22:11Z

ThoughtfulMonkey:

<small>''See also [[Counterexamples to an Old Earth]].''</small>

The '''Age of the Earth''' has been a matter of interest to humans for millennia. The subject is still debated today, particularly between [[young Earth Creationism|young-Earth scientists]], who see evidence that the Earth is only approximately 6,000 years old, and [[Old Earth Creationism|Old Earth creationists]] and scientists-including archeologists, geologists and minerologists who argue that Earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old. There is no credible scientific reason to believe in the 6000 year figure. The biblical creation organization [[Creation Ministries International]] published an article entitled ''[http://creation.com/age-of-the-earth 101 evidences for a young age of the earth and the universe]'', that provides pseudo-scientific evidence in support of a young Earth, but is completely lacking in any credible scientific fact, or even a single credible scientist whose degree came from a respected institution of higher learning.

== Historical views ==
[[Image:Landscape.jpg|right|300px]]
For most of recorded history, humans of many backgrounds viewed the age of the Earth to be around 6,000 years,<ref>Burnet, p. 258.</ref> such as St. Barnabas and St. Irenæus.<ref>Burnet, p. 259.</ref> The 6000 year figure comes from Christian Creation Mythology. Many other cultures have similar creation mythologies. In the Greek Tradition the earth was created from Chaos, and human beings were created when the God Prometheus was playing with clay, and inserted the "Seeds of Life" into the clay, creating human beings and other living creatures.

Pseudo-science and religious inspired fantasies about the age of the Earth abound: in 1830, Dr. Hales published a list of 120 historical authorities from various cultures who had decided on an officiall [[date of creation]]. These ranged from 6984 B.C. to 3616 B.C.<ref>Batten 2002 quotes from "Young’s Analytical Concordance of the Holy Bible", 1879 8th Edition, 1939, which relates this, and reproduces the selection of the dates from Young.</ref>

Included in Hales' list is [[James Ussher]], who calculated the famous date of 4004 B.C. for creation. Young-Earth creationists still consider this date to be close to the actual date.

In 1778 George-Louis Lecrerc, Count of Buffon, proposed that the Earth was about 74,832 years old.<ref name="ingv">INGV</ref>
[[James Hutton]], whilst not proposing a date, dismissed the Biblical account and claimed in 1785 that there was not evidence of a beginning at all.<ref name="ingv" />
[[Charles Lyell]] supported Hutton's idea in 1830, in ''Principles of Geology''.<ref name="ingv" />

In 1854 [[Hermann von Helmholtz]] estimated an age of between 20 and 40 million years.<ref name="ingv" />
Around the same time [[Lord Kelvin]] put his mind to deriving an age, and came up with a range between 20 million years and 400 million years. He later refined that down to between 20 million and 40 million years.<ref name="ingv" /> More recent discoveries of radioactivity and mantle convection explain why the assumptions Helmholtz and Kelvin made resulted in dates that are much lower than current uniformitarian estimates.

The 1911 edition of the [[Encyclopedia Britannica]] discussed dates up to 500 million years.<ref>Encyclopædia Britannica, pp 650-651.</ref>

By about 1930, J. H. Jeans was arguing for an age of the Earth of around two billion years.<ref>Universal History of the World, p.76.</ref>

Using circular logic -- assuming that decay rates somehow remained constant despite necessarily changing physical characteristics as time approached the origin -- [[atheists]] insist that the Earth is 4.5 billion years based on an implausible assumption of constancy in [[Potassium-argon dating|Potassium-argon (K:Ar) decay rates]] and other radiometric methods.<ref>Peck, 2000, p.376.</ref>

== Geology ==

[[Image:516XZRGNCKL AA240 .jpg|right|300px]]
[[William R. Corliss]] is a cataloger of scientific [[Anomaly|anomalies]] (observations and facts that challenge prevailing scientific [[paradigm]]s) and has published many works on the subject.<ref name="sf">[http://www.science-frontiers.com/ Science Frontiers] (Corliss' web-site)</ref>
He also wrote 13 books for the [[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] (NASA), a dozen educational booklets for the [[Atomic Energy Commission]] (AEC), and a dozen articles for the [[National Science Foundation]] (NSF). <ref>Corliss, 2002</ref> The science magazine ''[[New Scientist]]'' had an article which focused on the career of William Corliss.<ref>Adrian Hope, ''Finding a Home for Stray Fact'', New Scientist, July 14, 1977, p. 83</ref>
''New Scientist'' wrote regarding Corliss's work: "All I can say to Corliss is carry on cataloging". <ref>Quoted on the [http://www.science-frontiers.com/sourcebk.htm Science Frontiers web-site]</ref> [[Arthur C. Clarke]] described Corliss as "[[Charles Fort|Fort]]'s latter-day - and much more scientific - successor."<ref>Clarke, Arthur C. (1990) ''Astounding Days: A Science Fictional Autobiography''. Gollancz. Page 110</ref>

Corliss's work on geological anomalies catalogs scores of anomalies which challenge the [[old-earth]] [[paradigm]].<ref>[http://www.science-frontiers.com/sourcebk.htm#Geology Geological Catalogs] (Science Frontiers)</ref>

== Bibliography ==
* Burnet, Thomas, [http://www.sacred-texts.com/earth/ste/ste36.htm The Sacred Theory of the Earth, chapter V], 1691.
* Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th edition (1911). [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/User:Tim_Starling On-line page facsimiles].
* Hammerton, J.A. (Ed.), "Universal History of the World" (8 volumes) The Educational Book Co., London, c1930.
* Batten, Don, [http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/417 Old-earth or young-earth belief: Which belief is the recent aberration?], ''Creation'' 24(1):24–27, December 2001.
* [http://www.ingv.it/~roma/SITOINGLESE/activities/geomagnetismo/analysistheory/historicalresearch/age.html The age of the Earth] (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)).
*Peck WH, Valley JW, Wilde SA, and Graham CM (2000) Ion microprobe Evidence for Pre-4.4 Ga Continental Crust and Low Temperature Water/Rock Interaction. ''Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr'', vol 32, no. 7.

== External Links ==
*[http://creation.com/age-of-the-earth Age of the earth] by [[Creation Ministries International]]
*[http://creation.com/refuting-evolution-chapter-8-how-old-is-the-earth How old is the earth?] - ''Refuting evolution'' - Chapter 8 by Dr. [[Jonathan Sarfati]] at [[Creation Ministries International]]
*[http://creation.com/young-age-of-the-earth-universe-qa Age of the Earth and Universe] by [[Creation Ministries International]]

== Notes ==
<references />
[[Category:Geology]]

United States House of Representatives

2011-07-21T02:16:11Z

ThoughtfulMonkey:

[[Image:6535yttfr.png|right|thumb|Seal of the United States House of Representatives.]]

'''''House of Representatives''' redirects here, for the Australian equivalent see [[Australian House of Representatives]].''

The '''House of Representatives''', often referred to as just "The House", is the lower chamber of [[Congress]] in which representatives of each state in the union gather. There are 435 voting members of the House, and each serves two year terms. Representatives can be re-elected an unlimited number of times, and indeed, most incumbents who seek re-election are continually successful. <ref>http://www.thirty-thousand.org/pages/QHA-08.htm</ref> Every state has at least one Representative, and are allocated more based on population. For example, [[California]] has 53 Representatives. The House of Representatives meets in the United States [[Capitol]] in [[Washington, D.C.]]

The House's presiding officer is a Representative from the party with the most members currently in the House, and is known as the [[Speaker of the House]]. The current Speaker of the House is [[Republican]] [[John Boehner]], who is from [[Ohio]]. The majority leader is [[Eric Cantor]] and the minority leader is [[Nancy Pelosi]].

While once a proud institution and an important part of the governing process, Republican members of the 112th Congress -also known as the "House Freshmen", or the "Hell No Caucus" are generally considered to have done a great disservice both to the United States Government and to the Institution of the House of Representatives. They have engaged in childish stunts and wasted countless hours with childish activist legislation which has done nothing but waste the time not just of House Members, but also of the US Senate and the President. Polls conducted by a variety of news organizations in the Summer of 2011 register a high degree of disapproval for the behavior of the House Freshmen, and it is widely expected that a majority of those Republican Representatives first elected in 2010 will not be re-elected in 2012.

==Powers of the House==

The Primary role of the House of Representatives is to originate legislation dealing with revenue and the budget, and to draft proposals for new laws to be reviewed by the Senate and the President.

==Current Composition==
*'''Republican Party (Majority): 242 (+0)
*'''Democratic Party (Minority): 193 (+6)
''Numbers in brackets are non-voting members from US territories such as the [[District of Columbia]] and [[Puerto Rico]].

==See also==
* [[Congress]]
* [[The Budget Process]]
* [[Glossary of Budget Terms]]

[[Image:HouseofRepresentatives.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Chamber of the United States House of Representatives.]]

==Bibliography==
* Congressional Quarterly. ''Guide to Congress,'' 6th edition (2007) 1441 pages. CQ is a trustworthy source, achieving a nonpartisan, nonidological factual position
**CQ, ''Student's Guide to the U.S. Congress'' (2008)
* Congressional Quarterly. ''Politics in America: 2008'' (2007); ISBN: 0-87289-547-5 1224pp, covers every member of Congress; [http://www.cqpress.com/product/pia2008.html details and samples]
* Baker, Ross K. ''House and Senate'', 3rd ed. New York: W. W. Norton. (2000).
* Barone, Michael, and Richard E. Cohen. ''The Almanac of American Politics, 2010'' (2009), elaborate detail on every district and member; 1920 pages; new edition every 2 years since 1976
* Davidson, Roger H., and Walter J. Oleszek. (1998). ''Congress and Its Members'', 6th ed. from CQ
* Silverberg, David. ''Congress for Dummies'' (2002) [http://www.amazon.com/Congress-Dummies-David-Silverberg/dp/0764554212/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1259667157&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Lee, Frances and Bruce Oppenheimer. ''Sizing Up the Senate: The Unequal Consequences of Equal Representation.'' University of Chicago Press. (1999).
* Tarr, David R., and Ann O'Connor. ''Congress A to Z'' (CQ Congressional Quarterly) (4th ed 2003) 605pp

===History===
*''American National Biography'' (1999), contains biographies of all politicians no longer alive; online edition at academic libraries
* ''Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-2005.'' 2005. biographical entries for every person who ever served; [http://bioguide.congress.gov Biographical Directory online].
* Carroll, Holbert N. ''The House of Representatives and Foreign Affairs'' 1958 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=28100337 online edition]
* Davidson, Roger H., Susan Webb Hammond, Raymond W. Smock, eds; ''Masters of the House: Congressional Leadership over Two Centuries'' Westview Press, 1998 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=58332031 online edition]
* Galloway, George B. ''History of the House of Representatives'' 1962 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=3071891 online edition]
* MacNeil, Neil. ''Forge of Democracy: The House of Representatives'' (1963) popular history by a well-informed journalist [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=11599068 online edition]
* Remini, Robert V. ''The House: The History of the House of Representatives'' (2006) the standard scholarly history [http://www.amazon.com/House-History-Representatives/dp/B000ULVL1Q/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1200711075&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Strahan, Randall. ''Leading Representatives: The Agency of Leaders in the Politics of the U.S. House'' (2007) focus on [[Henry Clay]], [[Thomas Reed]], and [[Newt Gingrich]]
* Zelizer, Julian E. ''On Capitol Hill: The Struggle to Reform Congress and its Consequences, 1948-2000'' (2004)
* Zelizer, Julian E. ed. ''The American Congress: The Building of Democracy'' (2004), essays by leading scholars [http://www.amazon.com/American-Congress-Building-Democracy/dp/0618179062/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1200711146&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]

==References==
<References/>

[[Category:United States Elected Officials]]
[[Category:United States House of Representatives]]
[[Category:DC]]

United States House of Representatives

2011-07-21T02:15:34Z

ThoughtfulMonkey: /* Powers of the House */

[[Image:6535yttfr.png|right|thumb|Seal of the United States House of Representatives.]]

'''''House of Representatives''' redirects here, for the Australian equivalent see [[Australian House of Representatives]].''

The '''House of Representatives''', often referred to as just "The House", is the lower chamber of [[Congress]] in which representatives of each state in the union gather. There are 435 voting members of the House, and each serves two year terms. Representatives can be re-elected an unlimited number of times, and indeed, most incumbents who seek re-election are continually successful. <ref>http://www.thirty-thousand.org/pages/QHA-08.htm</ref> Every state has at least one Representative, and are allocated more based on population. For example, [[California]] has 53 Representatives. The House of Representatives meets in the United States [[Capitol]] in [[Washington, D.C.]]

The House's presiding officer is a Representative from the party with the most members currently in the House, and is known as the [[Speaker of the House]]. The current Speaker of the House is [[Republican]] [[John Boehner]], who is from [[Ohio]]. The majority leader is [[Eric Cantor]] and the minority leader is [[Nancy Pelosi]].

While once a proud institution and an important part of the governing process, the 112th Congress -also known as the "House Freshmen", or the "Hell No Caucus" are generally considered to have done a great disservice both to the United States Government and to the Institution of the House of Representatives. They have engaged in childish stunts and wasted countless hours with childish activist legislation which has done nothing but waste the time not just of House Members, but also of the US Senate and the President. Polls conducted by a variety of news organizations in the Summer of 2011 register a high degree of disapproval for the behavior of the House Freshmen, and it is widely expected that a majority of those Republican Representatives first elected in 2010 will not be re-elected in 2012.

==Powers of the House==

The Primary role of the House of Representatives is to originate legislation dealing with revenue and the budget, and to draft proposals for new laws to be reviewed by the Senate and the President.

==Current Composition==
*'''Republican Party (Majority): 242 (+0)
*'''Democratic Party (Minority): 193 (+6)
''Numbers in brackets are non-voting members from US territories such as the [[District of Columbia]] and [[Puerto Rico]].

==See also==
* [[Congress]]
* [[The Budget Process]]
* [[Glossary of Budget Terms]]

[[Image:HouseofRepresentatives.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Chamber of the United States House of Representatives.]]

==Bibliography==
* Congressional Quarterly. ''Guide to Congress,'' 6th edition (2007) 1441 pages. CQ is a trustworthy source, achieving a nonpartisan, nonidological factual position
**CQ, ''Student's Guide to the U.S. Congress'' (2008)
* Congressional Quarterly. ''Politics in America: 2008'' (2007); ISBN: 0-87289-547-5 1224pp, covers every member of Congress; [http://www.cqpress.com/product/pia2008.html details and samples]
* Baker, Ross K. ''House and Senate'', 3rd ed. New York: W. W. Norton. (2000).
* Barone, Michael, and Richard E. Cohen. ''The Almanac of American Politics, 2010'' (2009), elaborate detail on every district and member; 1920 pages; new edition every 2 years since 1976
* Davidson, Roger H., and Walter J. Oleszek. (1998). ''Congress and Its Members'', 6th ed. from CQ
* Silverberg, David. ''Congress for Dummies'' (2002) [http://www.amazon.com/Congress-Dummies-David-Silverberg/dp/0764554212/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1259667157&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Lee, Frances and Bruce Oppenheimer. ''Sizing Up the Senate: The Unequal Consequences of Equal Representation.'' University of Chicago Press. (1999).
* Tarr, David R., and Ann O'Connor. ''Congress A to Z'' (CQ Congressional Quarterly) (4th ed 2003) 605pp

===History===
*''American National Biography'' (1999), contains biographies of all politicians no longer alive; online edition at academic libraries
* ''Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-2005.'' 2005. biographical entries for every person who ever served; [http://bioguide.congress.gov Biographical Directory online].
* Carroll, Holbert N. ''The House of Representatives and Foreign Affairs'' 1958 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=28100337 online edition]
* Davidson, Roger H., Susan Webb Hammond, Raymond W. Smock, eds; ''Masters of the House: Congressional Leadership over Two Centuries'' Westview Press, 1998 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=58332031 online edition]
* Galloway, George B. ''History of the House of Representatives'' 1962 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=3071891 online edition]
* MacNeil, Neil. ''Forge of Democracy: The House of Representatives'' (1963) popular history by a well-informed journalist [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=11599068 online edition]
* Remini, Robert V. ''The House: The History of the House of Representatives'' (2006) the standard scholarly history [http://www.amazon.com/House-History-Representatives/dp/B000ULVL1Q/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1200711075&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Strahan, Randall. ''Leading Representatives: The Agency of Leaders in the Politics of the U.S. House'' (2007) focus on [[Henry Clay]], [[Thomas Reed]], and [[Newt Gingrich]]
* Zelizer, Julian E. ''On Capitol Hill: The Struggle to Reform Congress and its Consequences, 1948-2000'' (2004)
* Zelizer, Julian E. ed. ''The American Congress: The Building of Democracy'' (2004), essays by leading scholars [http://www.amazon.com/American-Congress-Building-Democracy/dp/0618179062/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1200711146&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]

==References==
<References/>

[[Category:United States Elected Officials]]
[[Category:United States House of Representatives]]
[[Category:DC]]

United States House of Representatives

2011-07-21T02:13:57Z

ThoughtfulMonkey:

[[Image:6535yttfr.png|right|thumb|Seal of the United States House of Representatives.]]

'''''House of Representatives''' redirects here, for the Australian equivalent see [[Australian House of Representatives]].''

The '''House of Representatives''', often referred to as just "The House", is the lower chamber of [[Congress]] in which representatives of each state in the union gather. There are 435 voting members of the House, and each serves two year terms. Representatives can be re-elected an unlimited number of times, and indeed, most incumbents who seek re-election are continually successful. <ref>http://www.thirty-thousand.org/pages/QHA-08.htm</ref> Every state has at least one Representative, and are allocated more based on population. For example, [[California]] has 53 Representatives. The House of Representatives meets in the United States [[Capitol]] in [[Washington, D.C.]]

The House's presiding officer is a Representative from the party with the most members currently in the House, and is known as the [[Speaker of the House]]. The current Speaker of the House is [[Republican]] [[John Boehner]], who is from [[Ohio]]. The majority leader is [[Eric Cantor]] and the minority leader is [[Nancy Pelosi]].

While once a proud institution and an important part of the governing process, the 112th Congress -also known as the "House Freshmen", or the "Hell No Caucus" are generally considered to have done a great disservice both to the United States Government and to the Institution of the House of Representatives. They have engaged in childish stunts and wasted countless hours with childish activist legislation which has done nothing but waste the time not just of House Members, but also of the US Senate and the President. Polls conducted by a variety of news organizations in the Summer of 2011 register a high degree of disapproval for the behavior of the House Freshmen, and it is widely expected that a majority of those Republican Representatives first elected in 2010 will not be re-elected in 2012.

==Powers of the House==

The House has the power to [[impeach]] the [[president]] and other federal officials. The House is also responsible for dealing with revenue bills.<ref>US Government and Politics</ref>

==Current Composition==
*'''Republican Party (Majority): 242 (+0)
*'''Democratic Party (Minority): 193 (+6)
''Numbers in brackets are non-voting members from US territories such as the [[District of Columbia]] and [[Puerto Rico]].

==See also==
* [[Congress]]
* [[The Budget Process]]
* [[Glossary of Budget Terms]]

[[Image:HouseofRepresentatives.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Chamber of the United States House of Representatives.]]

==Bibliography==
* Congressional Quarterly. ''Guide to Congress,'' 6th edition (2007) 1441 pages. CQ is a trustworthy source, achieving a nonpartisan, nonidological factual position
**CQ, ''Student's Guide to the U.S. Congress'' (2008)
* Congressional Quarterly. ''Politics in America: 2008'' (2007); ISBN: 0-87289-547-5 1224pp, covers every member of Congress; [http://www.cqpress.com/product/pia2008.html details and samples]
* Baker, Ross K. ''House and Senate'', 3rd ed. New York: W. W. Norton. (2000).
* Barone, Michael, and Richard E. Cohen. ''The Almanac of American Politics, 2010'' (2009), elaborate detail on every district and member; 1920 pages; new edition every 2 years since 1976
* Davidson, Roger H., and Walter J. Oleszek. (1998). ''Congress and Its Members'', 6th ed. from CQ
* Silverberg, David. ''Congress for Dummies'' (2002) [http://www.amazon.com/Congress-Dummies-David-Silverberg/dp/0764554212/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1259667157&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Lee, Frances and Bruce Oppenheimer. ''Sizing Up the Senate: The Unequal Consequences of Equal Representation.'' University of Chicago Press. (1999).
* Tarr, David R., and Ann O'Connor. ''Congress A to Z'' (CQ Congressional Quarterly) (4th ed 2003) 605pp

===History===
*''American National Biography'' (1999), contains biographies of all politicians no longer alive; online edition at academic libraries
* ''Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-2005.'' 2005. biographical entries for every person who ever served; [http://bioguide.congress.gov Biographical Directory online].
* Carroll, Holbert N. ''The House of Representatives and Foreign Affairs'' 1958 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=28100337 online edition]
* Davidson, Roger H., Susan Webb Hammond, Raymond W. Smock, eds; ''Masters of the House: Congressional Leadership over Two Centuries'' Westview Press, 1998 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=58332031 online edition]
* Galloway, George B. ''History of the House of Representatives'' 1962 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=3071891 online edition]
* MacNeil, Neil. ''Forge of Democracy: The House of Representatives'' (1963) popular history by a well-informed journalist [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=11599068 online edition]
* Remini, Robert V. ''The House: The History of the House of Representatives'' (2006) the standard scholarly history [http://www.amazon.com/House-History-Representatives/dp/B000ULVL1Q/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1200711075&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Strahan, Randall. ''Leading Representatives: The Agency of Leaders in the Politics of the U.S. House'' (2007) focus on [[Henry Clay]], [[Thomas Reed]], and [[Newt Gingrich]]
* Zelizer, Julian E. ''On Capitol Hill: The Struggle to Reform Congress and its Consequences, 1948-2000'' (2004)
* Zelizer, Julian E. ed. ''The American Congress: The Building of Democracy'' (2004), essays by leading scholars [http://www.amazon.com/American-Congress-Building-Democracy/dp/0618179062/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1200711146&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]

==References==
<References/>

[[Category:United States Elected Officials]]
[[Category:United States House of Representatives]]
[[Category:DC]]